muinAwrpur

 izlHw kurukSyqr dI qihsIL Qwnysr dw iek ipMf (Qwnysr qoN 13 iklomItr dur)  ij`Qy gur qyZ bhwdr swihb krukSyqr qo bnI bdrpur jWdy ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb bixAw hoieAw sI; hux bhuq v`fI iemwrq bx cukI hY.

muMgyr/ muMGyr

 

ibhwr ivc gMgw dirAw dy kMFy ’qy v`isAw iek pRwcIn ngr (ptnw qoN 180 iklomItr dUr )[ ies ngr dI nINh cOQI sdI ivc gupq rwijAW ny r`KI sI[ ie`Qy  Swh muSk nw&w (ijs dI mOq 1497 ivc hoeI sI) dw mzwr hY[ bMgwl  dy sUbydwr mIr kwism ny ies nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI[ ies ngr ivc iek purwxy iklHy dw Qyh mOjUd hY; aus dw kuJ ih`sw murMmq kr ky Aqy sjw ky XwqrUAW nUM iK`cx dI koiSS zrUr kIqI hoeI hY[

     ies ngr ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb gey sn[gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw bVI sMNgq’ bixAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1834 ivc Awey BUcwl nwl auh iemwrq Fih geI sI[ sMn 1935 ivc ie`Qy iek audwsI ny nvIN iemwrq bxweI sI[ hux ies iemwrq nUM iek Gr vjoN vriqAw jw irhw hY[ iek kmry ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dIAW qsvIrW r`KIAW hoeiAW hn[ drvwzy ivc qy dIvwrW imQhwsk dyvI dyviqAW dy buq qy qsvIrW r`Ky hoey hn[ muK drvwzy ’qy gurduAwrw bVI sMNgq iliKAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwry ivc iek purwxw KUh vI hY.

muMGyr dw iklHw

 

gurduAwrw bVI sMgq muMGyr dIAW kuJ qsvIrW

mUxk

 

izlHw sMgrUr dw iek ipMf (jo hux iek ksbw bx cukw hY Aqy mUxk qihsIl dw hY~fkuAwrtrz hY)[ mUxk jwKl (hirAwxw) qoN 7 Aqy lihrw gwgw qoN 21 iklomItr dUr hY)[ iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Awpxy mwlvw dOry dOrwn ie`Qy ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb bxwieAw igAw sI[ hux au~Qy iek bhuq v`fI iemwrq bx cukI hY:

mUxk Kuurd

 

izlw hoiSAwrpur dI tWfw qihsIl dw iek ipMf (tWfw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw twhlI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwry ivc l`gy iek borf muqæwibkæ gurU hirgoibMd swihb ruhIlw (hirgoibMdpur) dI lVweI  (27 sqMbr qy 3 AkqUbr) qoN mgroN ie`Qy Awey sn[ ies borf dI ilKI kwlpink khwxI muqæwibkæ gurU jI ny Awpxw GoVw ie`Qy iek twhlI dy nwl bMinHAw sI; Aqy GoVy dy pYrW dI twp nwl au~Qy bwaulI bx geI sI[ drAsl ieh purwxw KUh hY ijs nUM GoVy dI ‘krwmwq’ nwl joV id`qw igAw hY[ ie`Qy iek purwxI twhlI vI mOjUd hY, ijs kr ky gurduAwry dw nW bixAw hY.

 

mUxk Kurd gurduAwrw ivc l`gw borf

 

 

mUxk Kurd ivc purwxI twhlI

 

 

bwaulI (KUh)

muMbeI

 

mhWrwStr sUby dI rwjDwnI[ muMbeI Sihr dw rkbw 603 mur`bw iklomItr Aqy mYtro muMbeI dw rkbw 4355 mur`bw iklomitr hY[ ie`QoN dI SihrI AwbwdI iek kroV 25 l`K qoN vD hY, Aqy mYtro muMbeI dI AwbwdI qkrIbn do kroV ds l`K hY[ muMbeI s`q twpUAW dw iek smUh hY: bMbeI, pwryl, mwzwgwEN, mihm, kolwbw, vOrlI, Cotw kolwbw[

     qkrIbn iqMn sdIAW qIk ies dw nW bMbeI qy bMby jwixAw jWdw irhw hY[nvMbr 1995 ivc ies dw nW muMbeI r`K id`qw igAw sI[ [ies QW dw nW ‘bONbeI’ sMn 1507-08 ivc pihlI vwr iek purqgwlI ny AwpxI ilKq ‘lIjMfs Aw& ieMfIAw’ ivc iliKAw sI[ purqgwlI ivc ‘bONm byn’ dw ArQ hY: “CotI vDIAw bMdrgwh”[  sMn 1516 ivc iek purqgwlI ny l&z ‘Qwnw meIAMbu’ l&z vriqAw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw v`K-v`K ilKqW ivc ies dy nW mONby (sMn 1525),  bMby (sMn 1538), bMbeI (sMn 1676),  mMby (sMn 1762) vI ilKy imldy hn

     muMbeI dy ielwky ivc pRwcIn kwl dI siBAqw dIAW inSwnIAW imlIAW hn[ qIjI SqwbdI (purwxw kwl) ivc ie`Qy mhwrwjw ASok dw rwj sI[ iPr ies ngr ’qy keI vMS rwj krdy rhy sn[ sMn 1407 qIk ie`Qy id`lI sulqwnW dw rwj sI[ iPr gujrwq dy sulqwn Awpxy Awp nUM Awzwd hwkm AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ sMn 1429 qoN 1431 qIk ies ’qy bwhmxI sulqwnW ny kbzw krn dI koiSS kIqI sI; pr nwkwm rhy sn[ sMn 1493 ivc bwhmxI sulqwnW ny muV koiSS kIqI sI, pr ies vwr vI nwkwm rhy sn[ 23 dsMbr 1534 dy idn iek smJOqy hyT ieh purqgwlIAW nUM dy id`qw igAw sI[ aunHW ny ie`Qy iek iklHw vI bxwieAw sI (vyKo: qsvIr)[ aunHW ny ie`Qy bhuq swry crc (igrjy) vI bxwey sn[ 11 meI 1661 dy idn ieh ieMglYNf dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw (ieMglYNf dy cwrls dUjw dI prqgwl dy rwjy jOhn cOQy dI lVkI kYQrIn nwl ivAwh dy ‘dwj’ vjoN ieh id`qw igAw sI)[ audoN ies ngr dI Awmdn 6500 pONf swlwnw sI[ 27 mwrc 1668 dy idn ies nUM eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dy hvwly kr id`qw igAw sI[ ies mgroN mrh`itAW Aqy muslm jrnYl XwkUq ^wn ny ies ’qy kbzw krn dI koiSS kIqI sI jo nwkwm rhI sI[

ATwrHvIN sdI ivc ies Sihr dw ivkws qyzI nwl hoxw SurU hoieAw sI[ 1869 ivc sueyz nihr SurU ho jwx nwl bMbeI iek v`fw vpwrk kyNdr bxnw SurU ho igAw sI[ ie`Qy kpVy dI bVI v`fI sn`Aq lg cukI sI[ sMn 1896 ivc plyg dI bImwrI PYl jwx nwl bMbeI dI bhuq qbwhI hoeI sI[ ies smyN swFy A`T l`K lok bMbeI C`f gey sn ijs nwl ie`QoN dI kpVw snAq qbwh ho geI sI[

     sMn 1950 ivc ies Sihr dw rkbw hor vDw id`qw igAw sI[ hux ies dw nW ‘grytr bMbeI’ jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ pihlI meI 1960 dy idn bMbeI sUby dI mhWrwstr Aqy gujrwq ivc vMf mgroN ieh mhWrwStr dI rwjDwnI bixAw sI[  i&lm Aqy kpVw snAq ies ngr dI jwn hn[

sMn 1990 qoN mgroN ieh i&rkU dMigAW dw iSkwr bxn lg ipAw sI[  sMn 1992-93, 2006, 2008 ivc v`fy &swd hoey sn[

     19 jUn 1966 dy idn iek kwrtUinst bwl Twkry (23.1.1926-17.11.2012) ny ie`Qy iSv synw nW dI jQybMdI kwiem kIqI sI jo pihlW qW ‘mhWrwStr-vwd’ dy nW hyT KVHI kIqI geI sI, pr, hOlI-hOlI iek v`fI qæwkqæ bxdI geI sI Aqy A^Ir iek isAwsI pwrtI bx geI sI[ bwl Twkry dI mOq qoN mgroN pwrtI ivc Put pY geI sI Aqy bwl Twkry dy BqIjy rwj Twkry ny nvIN pwrtI bxw leI sI, pr aus nuM koeI ^ws kwmXwbI nhIN iml skdI sI[ sMn 2021 ivc iek pwrtI dw au~Dv Twkry (pu`qr bwl Twkry) mhWrwStr sUby dw cI& minstr bixAw sI.

 

purqgwlIAW dw bxwieAw iklHw

 

sMn 1431 dI hwjI AlI dI drgwh

 

muMbeI dIAW kuJ hor qsvIrW

 

muMbeI dIAW Awsmwn nUM CUhMdIAW iemwrqW Aqy hyTW ZrIbW dIAW Ju`gIAW

 

 

ivktorIAw trmIns (rylvy stySn)

 

gytvyA Aw& ieMfIAw

 

 

iSv synw dw moFI bwl Twkry

mulqwn

 

mulqwn (lwhOr qoN 313, pwk ptn qoN 184  qy muz`&rgVH qoN 30 iklomItr dUr) iek pRwcIn ngr hY[ ies dw rkbw 286 mur`bw iklomItr hY Aqy AwbwdI (sMn 2022 ivc) 18 l`K 75 hzwr qoN vD hY[ mulqwn ivc purwqn hV`pw dI siBAqw dIAW inSwnIAW imldIAW hn[ ktoc rwijAW vyly iqRgrq dyS dI rwjDwnI sI[ ie`Qy sUrj dvqy dw (sqvIN sdI dw bixAw) mMidr sI ijs nUM dsvIN sdI ivc muslmwn hwkmW ny Fwh idqw sI[ ies ngr ’qy kdy XUnwn dy iskMdr ny kbzw kIqw sI[ sMn 712 ivc muhMmd iebn kwism ny ies ngr nUM ij`q ilAw sI[ sMn 1005 ivc mihmUd ZznvI ny ies ’qy kbzw kIqw sI[ iPr ie`Qy ZOrI, mmlUk qy quZlk rwijAW dI hkUmq rhI sI[ sMn 1397 ivc qYmUr dy poqy pIr muhMmd ny mulqwn ’qy hmlw kIqw sI Aqy Cy mhIny dy Gyry mgroN kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1541 ivc Syr Swh sUrI  ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1557 ivc bYrm ^wn ny Akbr vwsqy mulqwn ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ Akbr vyly mulqwn iek sUbw bxw igAw sI[ sMn 1739 ivc nwdr Swh ny mulqwn ’qy hmlw kIqw sI[ sMn 1752 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny ies ngr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1772 ivc BMgI srdwrW dI imsl ny mulqwn ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1778 ivc nvwb muz`&r ^wn ny aunHW nUM hrw ky mulqwn ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1817 ivc rxjIq isMG ny hmlw kr ky muz`&r ^wn nUM Krwj dyx vwsqy mjbUr kIqw sI[ pr jd auh Krwj dyx qoN mukr igAw sI qW rxjIq isMG ny hmlw kr ky  2 mwrc 1818 dy idn zmzmw qop dy goilAW nwl iklHy dI kMD qoV ky kbzw kr ilAw sI; iek mOky ’qy nvwb muz`&r ^wn Awpxy pu`qrW sxy ShId hoieAw sI[ sMn 1848 ivc ieh dIvwn mUl rwj dI bZwvq kwrn crcw ivc AwieAw sI[ dsMbr 1848 ies ’qy AMgRyzW dw kbzw ho igAw sI[ aunHW ny ies mgroN iklHw qkrIbn qbwh kr idqw sI[ hux mulqwn pwiksqwn dw iek v`fw Sihr hY[ ies mgr ivc pIrW dIAW bhuq swrIAW g`dIAW sn jo A`j vI c`l rhIAW hn[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI Aqy cOQI audwsI dOrwn ie`Qy Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek QVHw swihb bixAw hoieAw sI, jo sMn 1947 qoN mgroN Fwh id`qw igAw sI.

 

mulqwn ngr dy hvweI idRS

mulqwn dy iklHy dIAW inSwnIAW

 

 

mulqwn dy iklHy dI kMD

mUlovwl 

izlHw sMgrUr dI qihsIl DUrI dw iek ipMf (DUrI qoN 9 qy sMgrUr qoN 24 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb gey sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc do Swndwr gurduAwry bxy hoey hn[ ‘gurduAwrw im`Tw KUh pwqSwhI nOvIN’ Aqy ‘gurduAwrw mMjI swihb pwqSwhI nOvIN Aqy dsvIN’ (ies ipMf ivc iek Kyq ivcoN do ku`jyy imly sn,ijs ivc do ^q sn; lokW dw kihxw hY ik ieh ^q nOvyN qy dsvyN gurU dy ‘hukmnwmy’ hn[ ie`Qy iek purwxI mMjI hY ijs bwry dwAvw kIqw jWdw hy ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny Awp bxvweI sI; ieh g`l shI nhIN hY); ieh cIzW gurduAwrw mMjI swihb ivc peIAW hoeIAW hn[

     ieM\ hI gurduAwrw im`Tw KUh nwl juVI iek khwxI muqæwibkæ gurU jI ny ies ipMf dw Kwrw pwxI im`Tw kIqw sI (AijhIAW krwmwqI khwxIAW keI gurduAwirAW nwl joVIAW hoeIAW hn); iesy khwxI muqæwibkæ gurU jI ny ipMf dy cODrI dw mwx qoV ky BweI goNdw nUM ipMf dw cODrI (muKI) QwipAw sI.

gurduAwrw im`Tw KUh pwqSwhI nOvIN

 

 

gurduAwrw mMjI swihb pwqSwhI nOvIN Aqy dsvIN

 

 

mukqsr

 

  pUrbI pMjwb dw iek izlHw Aqy ngr (&rIdkot qoN 45 qy jlwlwbwd qoN 30 iklomItr dUr)[ mukqsr dw pihlw nW ‘iKdrwxy dI Fwb’ sI[ ie`Qy 29 dsMbr 1705 dy idn iek v`fI muZl &Oj dw mukwblw krdy hoey 40 is`KW ny pRwx iqAwgy sn[ cmkOr dy cwlI mukiqAW vWg ienHW ƒ vI cwlI mukqy AwiKAw jWdw hY[ ies lVweI dy ^qm hox ’qy 37 is`K mwry jw cuky sn qy bwkI dy iqMn is`K, rwey isMG, mhW isMG, sIql isMG Aqy mweI Bwgo (Bwg kOr) burI qrHW z^mI ho cu`ky sn[ Swm vyly gurU goibMd isMG jI vI au~Qy pu`jy sn[ z^mIAW ivcoN BweI rwey isMG ny gurU swihb ƒ bydwvy dw kwZz pwVn vwsqy Arz kIqI[ kuJ hI icr ivc BweI sIql isMG vI cVHweI kr igAw[ iPr BweI rwey isMG vI swh C`f igAw qy sB qoN AKIr ’qy rwey isMG dy pu`qr mhW isMG ny cVHweI kIqI sI (iesy BulyKy ivc iek lyKk ny bydwvw pwVn dI Gtnw mhW isMG nwl joV id`qI sI qy ijhVI vDyry pRclq ho geI sI)[ ies j`Qy iv`coN isr& mweI Bwg kOr bcI sI[

     ienHW 40 mukiqAW dy nW ’qy ies jgh dw nW mukqsr riKAw igAw sI[ mukqsr dw mu`K gurduAwrw drbwr swihb hY jo ik Sihr dy AMdrvwr hY[ iesy jgh is`K Fwb dy kMFy ’qy ShId hoey sn[ ies qoN ielwvw iqMn hor gurduAwry Aqy iek srkwrI Xwdgwr ‘mukqy mInwr’ vI ies ngr ivc hn: (1) ShId gMj: ieh QW drbwr swihb dy nwl hI hY[ ie`Qy gurU swihb ny AwpxI h`QIN ShId hoey is`KW dw sskwr kIqw sI (2) qMbU swihb: ij`Qy gurU jI Aqy aunHW dy nwl Awey is`KW ny Awpxy qMbU g`fy sn (qMbU cwlHI mukiqAW ny nhIN g`fy sn) (3) it`bI swihb: ie`Qy gurU swihb ny pVwA kIqw sI[ iek lyKk muqæwibkæ gurU sihb ies QW ’qy luk ky lVweI vyK rhy sn (jo ik shI nhIN hY) (4). ‘mukqy mInwr’ pMjwb srkwr ny cwlI mukiqAW dI Xwd ivc sMn 2005 ivc bxwieAw sI; ies mInwr ’qy, 40 ShIdW dI Xwd ivc 40 c`kr bxwey hoey hn.

 drbwr swihb

 

ShId gMj

 

qMbU swihb

 

it`bI swihb

 

 

pMjwb srkwr v`loN bxwieAw ‘mukqy mInwr’

mu^ilsgVH

 

mu^ilsgVH dw iklHw iek iklHw nhIN blik bwdSwhW dIAW Cu`tIAW qy q&rIh krn vwsqy A`XwSI dI jgh, Xwin iek rMg mihl hY[ muZl bwdSwh, ^ws kr ky Swh jhwn ies jgh nUM iSkwr Aqy A`XwSI vwsqy vrqdw huMdw sI[ iek vwr muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ny vI ies jgHw pVwA kIqw sI[ ies iklHw-numw mihl dI AMdrUnI gvwhI qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik ieh jgh iksy hwlq ivc vI iklHw nhIN sI Aqy iek mwfrn mihl vW| ies ivc hr iek vDIAw qoN vDIAw shUlq muh`eIAw sI[ krm isMG ihstorIAn Aqy BweI kwnH isMG ny ZlqI nwl ilK id`qw sI ik bMdw isMG bhwdur ny mu^ilsgVH iklHy  ’qy kbzw kr ky aus dI murMmq kr ky ies dw nW lohgVH rK id`qw sI[ lohgVH iklHw izlHw Xmunwgr dy ipMf lohgVH ivc hY (ieh ihmWcl-hirAwxw srh`d ’qy v`isAw iek ipMf hY)[ ieh lohgVH iklHy qoN 30-40 iklomItr dUr hY Aqy jmnw ndI dI dUjy pwsy hY.

mu^ilsgVH dUroN

 

 

mu^ilsgVH nyiVEN

 

mu^ilsgVH Aqy lohgVH dw nkSw

(&Yz hbIb dw iqAwr kIqw nkSw: ‘isK ihstrI &rw`m prSIAn sorisz’ dy DMnvwd sihq)

 

mukwroNpur

 izlHw &qhgVH dI KyVw qihsIl dw iek ipMf (&qhgVH qoN 15 iklomItr dUr)[ ies ipMf ivc gurU nwnk swihb (AwpxI audwsI dOrwn), gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb (sMn 1665 ivc) Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb meI-jUn 1693) v`K-v`K simAW ’qy Awey sn[ gurU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc iqMNn gurduAwry Aqy ShIdW dI Xwd ivc do gurduAwry bxy hoey hn (gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN ivc l`gy borf ivc bhuq kuJ Zlq iliKAw hoieAw hY): 1. gurduAwrw pihlI, nOvIN qy dsvIN pwqSwhI 2. gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN (BweI rUp cMd Aqy mweI mwVI dy Gr vwlI QW ’qy sMn 1970ivAW ivc bxwieAw igAw sI 3. gurduAwrw pihlI pwqSwhI eIsr hyl  Qyh au~qy sMn 1970ivAW ivc bxwieAw igAw sI  4 qy 5. buMgw swihb qy gurduAwrw ShId gMj (c`pV icVI dI lVweI ivc ShId hox vwly is`KW dI Xwd ivc).

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI pihlI eIsr hyl Qyh

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nONvIN

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nONvIN ivc l`gw borf

mudkI

 izlHy ivc iek ipMf ij`Qy 18 dsMbr 1845 dy idn lwhOr drbwr (mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG) dIAW &OjW Aqy AMgryzW ivc pihlI  lVweI hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc lwhOr drbwr dw Zdwr pRDwn mMqrI lwl isMh imSr Aqy lwhOr drbwr dI &Oj dw Zdwr muKI qyj isMh imSr AMgryzW nwl pUrI qrHw imly hoey sn[ aunHW dw inSwnw is`K &Oj nUM hrwauxw qy mwr mukwauxw sI[ lVweI dI q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: qyj isMh.

mozMg, muzMg, mujMg

 

purwxy lwhOr Sihr qoN iqMn iklomItr dUr iek bsqI (jo hux lwhOr dw ih`sw bx cukI hY)[ (mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ ieh bsqI mozMg goq dy iek pTwx AzIz dI vsweI sI)[ ies dw shI nW mozMg hY; kuJ lok ies nUM mujMg, muzMg vI aucwrx krdy hn[

iek vwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies jgh Awey sn[ ie`QoN dy bhuq swry lok gurU Arjn swihb dy murId sn[ BweI gurdws ny vwr 11 dI pauVI  25 ivc mujMgI sMgq dw izkr kIqw hY[ mozMg ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc iek v`fw ‘gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN’ bxwieAw igAw sI[ iksy ny ies nUM kOlW (Asl nW kmlw dyeI) dy nW nwl mShUr krn dI koiSS vI kIqI sI, jo srwsr Zlq hY[ sMn 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf dOrwn is`KW nUM ieh gurduAwrw C`fxw ipAw sI[ ies ’qy iksy pirvwr ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[ gurduAwry vwlw hwl BwvyN ^wlI hY, pr iemwrq ’qy kbzw ausy pirvwr dw hI hY[ gurduAwry dIAW nON dukwnW sn auh mwmUlI ikrwey ’qy cwVHIAW hoeIAW hn.

 

gurduAwry dI iemwrq

 

 

gurduAwry dw drvwzw sVk v`loN pOVIAW

 

 

gurduAwry dy AMdr (muK hwl dw bwhrlw qoN idRS)

muirMfw

 

izlHw ropV dw iek pRwcIn ksbw (ropV qoN 20 qy cMfIgVH qoN 31 iklomItr dUr)[ ies ksby dw sbMD is`K qvwri^ nwl dsMbr 1705 dw hY, jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI dI mwqw gujrI Aqy gurU jI dy do in`ky b`icAW nUM shyVI ivcoN igR&qwr kr ie`Qy iek rwq vwsqy koqvwlI ivc kYd kIqw igAw sI Aqy Agly idn srhMd iljwieAw igAw sI[ nvMbr 1762 ivc bu`Fw dl ny ies ngr ’qy hmlw kr ky mwqw jI Aqy swihbzwidAW nUM igR&qwr kr ky ilAwaux Aqy qsIhy dyx vwilAW (jwnI ^wn qy mwnI ^wn) Aqy aunHW dy swQIAW Aqy ihmwieqIAW nUM s^q szwvW id`qIAW sn[

     ie`Qy mwqw jI Aqy swihbzwidAW dI Xwd ivc iek mMjI swihb bixAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 2000 qoN mgroN ie`QoN dI koqvwlI dI Asl iemwrq nUM gurduAwry ivc bdlx vwsqy ies dw Asl srUp burI qrHw qbwh kr id`qw igAw sI[ cwhIdw qW ieh sI ik koqvwlI dy aus FWcy sMBwl ky aus dy nwl byS`k iek v`fI Xwdgwr KVHI kr id`qI jWdI pr bysmJ lokW ny Asl iemwrq nUM qbwh kr id`qw.

moirMfw koqvwlI dI purwxI qsvIr

 

 

moirMfw koqvwlI  dw hux dw ivgwiVAw srUp

mohI Kurd

 izlHw luiDAwxw ivc iek ipMf (mulWpur qoN 6 qy joDW qoN 9 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dsMbr 1705 ivc AwlmgIr qoN joDW huMdy pu`jy sn Aqy ie`QoN A`gy hyhr gey sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwhI dsvIN bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry nwl iek kwlpink khwxI juVI hoeI hY ie`Qy gurU jI ny AwpxI iek auNgl ivc PsI muMdrI luhwr koloN auqrvweI sI; ieh JUTI khwxI hY ikauNk gurU jI qW muMdrIAW pwaux nUM r`d krdy sn.

 

(gurduAwry dI qsvIr vwsqy DMnvwd s. AmnpRIq isMG &IrozpurI, hux biTMfw vwsI).

 

 

imrzwpur

 

au~qr pRdyS ivc gMgw dy kMFy’qy v`isAw iek ngr (kwSI qoN 59 Aqy pRXwgrwj qoN 84 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb gey sn[ ieh vI ikhw jWdw hY ik gurU nwnk swihb qy gurU goibMd isMG vI ies jgh Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI, ijs ’qy audwsI swDUAW dw kbzw sI[ mgroN aunHW ny gurduAwrw bMd kr id`qw sI qyzmIn vyc id`qI sI[ ies ielwky ivc Cotw imrzwpur Aqy (ies qoN 4 iklomItr dUr) Aihrorw ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwry bxy hoey hn. hor vyKo: Cotw imrzwpur.

mihroN

 

izlHw mogw ivc (mogw qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb m`doky qoN frolI BweI jWdy ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurUsr bixAw hoieAw hY

(mihroN gurduAwry dIAW qsvIrW vwsqy DMnvwd: s. pRIqm isMG mtvwxI).

mihrwj ipMf

 

izlHw biTMfw ivc (biTMfw qoN qkrIbn 30 Aqy rwmpurw PUl qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ ieh ipMf BweI mohn (BweI rUp cMd dw ipqw) ny Awpxy pVdwdy mihrwj (vyKo: PUlbMs, mihrwj) dy nW ’qy sMn 1627 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI ASIrvwd nwl bMinHAw sI[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwivk gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU hir rwie swihb ies ipMf ivc gey sn[ 16 dsMbr 1634 dy idn jdoN gurU hirgoibMd sihb ies ipMf dy nyVy sn qW muZl &OjW ny aunHW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ ies lVweI ivc dohW iDrW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI (iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ ies lVweI ivc 16 hzwr muZl ispwhI Aqy 1273 is`K mwry gey sn; jo ik JUT hY ikauN ik aus ielwky ivc iksy muZl jrnYl kol eynI qW kI ies dw dsvW ih`sw vI &Oj nhIN sI)[ aus lVweI dI Xwd ivc ies ipMf qoN iqMn iklomItr dUr gurduAwrw gurUsr bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry dI pihlI iemwrq mhwrwjw hIrw isMG nwBw ny bxweI sI[ sMn 1980 ivc aus dI QW ’qy iek nvIN iemwrq bxweI geI sI[ ipMf ivc iek gurduAwrw ‘Cotw gurUsr qMbU swihb’ vI hY[ mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU hirgoibMd swihb jdoN ies ipMf Awey sn qW ies QW ’qy ruky sn[ hux ‘gurduAwrw rwmsr (pwqSwhI CyvIN Aqy sqvIN’ Aqy gurduAwrw ‘ShId gMj’ nWvW ’qy vI gurduAwrw vI bxw ley gey hn.

gurduAwrw gurUsr

 

 

gurUsr mihrwj ivc l`gw borf (ijs ivc Ax-ieiqhwsk g`lW ilKIAW hoeIAW hn)

 

 

gurduAwrw Cotw gurUsr qMbU swihb

 

gurduAwrw rwmsr

 gurduAwrw rwmsr ivc l`gw borf (ijs ivc Ax-ieiqhwsk g`lW ilKIAW hoeIAW hn)
 

 

gurduAwrw ShIdgMj

 

mihmw srjw

 

izlHw biTMfw ivc iek ipMf (biTMfw qoN 15 qy goinAwxw mMfI qoN 6 iklomItr dUr)[ ies ipMf ivc gurduAwrw l`KI jMgl bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dw ieMqzwm inhMgW dy iek j`Qy kol hY  gurduAwry ivc l`gy iek borf muqæwibkæ: 1.  gurU nwnk swihb ie`Qy Awey sn Aqy aunHW ny ie`Qy iek l`K vwr jpujI dw pwT kIqw sI (ieh inrI g`p hY) 2. gurU hirgoibMd swihb ie`Qy id`lI qoN lwhOr jWdy hoey ruky sn[ auh cMdU (ijs ny gurU Arjn swihb nUM qsIhy id`qy sn) nUM nwl lY ky Awey sn[ aunHW ny cMdU nUM n`Q pw ky ie`Qy krIr dy ru`K nwl bMinHAw sI (auh krIr A`j vI mOjUd hY (gurU hirgoibMd isMG jI bwry khwxI 100% g`p hY) 3. gurU hir rwie swihb vI iek vwr Awey sn 4. gurU goibMd isMG sMn 1762 ibkRmI (1705-06) ivc ie`Qy Awey sn Aqy BweI somw qoN m`J dw du`D kIqw sI[ gurU jI ny PlwhI dI twhxI nwl dMd sw& kIqy sI qy zmIn ivc g`f id`qI sI[ aus dw ru`K aug ipAw sI[ auh ru`K A`j vI kwiem hY (ies swry borf ’qy ilKIAW swrIAW khwxIAW ivcoN isr& gurU goibMd isMG jI dw Awauxw mMnx Xog hY, pr PlwhI dI dwqx zmIn ivc g`fx vwlI khwxI kwlpink hY.

mdInw

 

(AærbI mdInhæ) 1. Sihr, ngr 2.muslmwnW dw piv`qr ngr[ ieslwm ivc mkw, mdInw qy jyruslym piv`qr Sihr mMny jWdy hn[ ies nUM ‘Al mdInw’ kihMdy hn[ ieh ngr pMjvIN sdI qk ArbI XhUdIAW kol sI[ iPr ies qy Avs qy ^zrwj kbIly kwbz ho gey sn[ sMn 622 ivc hzrq muhMmd Aqy aus dy 70 swQI m`kw qoN ie`Qy Awey sn[ sMn 625 ivc mkw qoN Aw ky kurYSIAW dI &Oj ny hmlw kIqw sI[ ies lVweI ivc hzrq muhMmd Aqy aus dy keI swQI z^mI hoey sn[ sMn 627 ivc aus ny dubwrw hmlw kIqw sI[ sMn 660 qIk muhMmd Aqy rSIdUn dw kbzw irhw sI[ iPr ies ngr qy keI lok kwbz rhy sn: aum`Xw (sMn 749 qIk), A`bwsI (sMn 1254 qIk), mmlUk (sMn 1517 qIk) ausmwnIAw/ AOtomn (sMn 1805 qIk), swaUdI (sMn 1811 qIk), muhmMd Al pwSw (sMn 1840 qIk), ausmwnIAw/ AOtomn dubwrw (sMn 1918 qIk), hSmqI SrI&w (sMn 1925 qIk), swaUdI bwdSwh (sMn 1925 qoN hux qIk)[ hux mdInw iek v`fw Sihr hY[ ies dy SihrI ielwky dw rkbw 293 mur`bw iklomItr hY bwkI swrw QW ihjwj phwVIAW ny GyirAw hoieAw hY[ Sihr dI AwbwdI sMn 2022 ivc qkrIbn 12 l`K hY[ Sihr dI muK QW hzrq muhMmd dI kbr Aqy aus ’qy bxI hrI msijd hY[ hr swl dunIAW Br qoN kroVW muslmwn m`kw vW| mdInw dI vI izAwrq krn vwsqy AwauNdy hn.

mdInw ngr dw hvweI idRS

 

mdInw ivc hzrq muhMmd dI kbr

hzrq muhMmd dI kbr ’qy bxI msijd dw guMbd 

purwxw mdInw ngr

 

mkw (AærbI m`kh@)

 

1. swaUdI Aærb mulk ivc muslmwnW dw piv`qr Sihr[ ies ngr dw pUrw nW m`kw-Al-muk`rm hY; m`kw ies dw Cotw nW hY[ ies dw purwxw nW b`kw sI (kurwn, sUrq Al iemrwn)[ ieslwm dy bwnI hzrq muhMmd dw jnm ies ngr ivc sMn 570 ivc hoieAw sI; sMn 622 ivc aus nUM ihjrq kr ky mdInw jwxw ipAw sI[ mgroN BwvyN muslmwnW ny ies Sihr ’qy dobwrw kbzw kr ilAw sI, pr hzrq muMhmd dw invws mdInw ivc hI irhw sI, ij`Qy sMn 632 ivc aus dI mOq hoeI sI[ ieh ngr j`dw qo 70 iklomItr dUr hY[ ies dw rkbw 1200 mur`bw iklomItr hY[ ieh swrw ielwkw pQrIlI zmIn hY[ ngr dy nyVy ^uSk phwVIAW vI hn, jo bhuq au~cIAW nhIN hn[ swrw Sihr hotlW dIAW iemwrqW nwl BirAw hoieAw hY[ sMn 2022 ivc ies ngr dI AwbwdI 20 l`K qoN vD ho cukI hY[ hr swl kroVW muslmwn ies ngr ivc h`j krn vwsqy AwauNdy hn. (hor vyKo: kwAbw)
2. gurU gRMQ swihb ivc iek QW m`kw ngr dw izkr AwieAw hY: mnu kir mkw, ikblw kir dyhI 1158).

m`kw ivc jbwl-Al-nUr phwVI

 

 

jbwl-Al-nUr phwVI qoN m`kw ngr dw idRS

 

m`kw sMn 1845 ivc

 

mO

 izlHw jlMDr dI nUrmihl qihsIl ivc iek ipMf (iPlOr qoN 10, nUrmihl qoN 14 iklomItr dUr) ij`QoN dy BweI ikSn cMd sUrI dI bytI rwm dyeI nwl, gurU Arjn swihb dI SwdI 20 jUn 1579 dy idn hoeI sI (gurU jI dI dUjI SwdI lwhOr vwsI sMgq rwE dI bytI gMgw nwl 19 jUn 1589 dy idn hoeI sI)[ mO ivc gurU Arjn swihb dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw ivAwh AsQwn’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihlW ieh iek in`kI iemwrq sI, hux v`fw gurduAwrw bx cuikAw hY

 

mO swihb purwxI iemwrq

 

mO swihb dw gyt

 

 

mO swihb nvIN iemwrq

 

m`qy dI srW

 izlHw mukqsr ivc (mukqsr qoN 12 qy &rIdkot qoN 13 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ ies ipMf dw nW srkwrI kwZzW ivc srwie nwgw hY (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: srwie nwgw)[ gurU AMgd swihb dw jnm ies ipMf ivc 31 mwrc 1504 dy idn hoieAw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI qoN muVidAW qlvMfI swbo qoN rwey Boey dI qlvMfI jWidAw ie`Qy ruky sn[ ies ipMf ivc do gurduAwry bxy hoey hn: iek gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc Aqy dUjw gurU AMgd swihb dI Xwd ivc (gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn pwqSwhI dUjI) bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

 

mtn

 

kSmIr ivc iek pRwcIn ksbw (sRIngr qoN 60, pihlgwm qoN 34, AnMqnwg qoN 4 iklomItr dUr)[ m`tn mwrqMf dw sMKyp rUp hY (mwrqMf dy mMidr dy KMfr ies dy nyVy hI hn)[ m`tn iksy zmwny ivc iek cSmy kr ky mShUr sI[ gurU nwnk swihb iesy cSmy kol ruky sn[ cSmy dy ivckwr iek v`fw p`Qr dw QVHw sI ijs ’qy bYT ky gurU jI ny bIj ibhwVw dy mShUr pMfq bRhm dws nwl crcw kIqI sI[ mgroN jd muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn eyQy AwieAw qW aus ny ies cSmy dy duAwly bwZ  bxvwieAw sI[ sMn 1766 ivc ies jgh gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurmuK isMG ny pihlw gurduAwrw bxvwieAw sI[ sMn 1821 ivc hrI isMG nlvw kSmIr dw sUbydwr bixAw qW ie`Qy bhuq swry is`K Awbwd ho gey Aqy ies jgh 7 gurduAwry bx gey sn[ sMn 1846 ivc fogrw gulwb isMh kSmIr dw rwjw bixAw sI[ aus dy pVpoqy pRqwp isMh (ijs ny sMn 1885 qoN sMn 1925 qk rwj kIqw sI) ny ieh swry gurduAwry Fuhw id`qy sn qy aus dy pu`qr hrI isMh ny sMn 1944 ivc cSmy dy duAwly iek mMdr bxw id`qw sI[ ieh mMdr gurduAwry dI zmIn ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ KwVkU kSmIrI jQybMdIAW ny ienHW mMdrW nUM aufwaux dI DmkI id`qI hoeI hY; ies kr ky ienHW dy A`gy BwrqI &Oj ny p`kI cONkI bxweI hoeI hY[ m`tn qoN qkrIbn 6 iklomItr dUr ikhrIbl ipMf ivc CyvIN sdI ivc bixAw mwrqMf dw mMdr hY, ijs nUM muslmn hwkmW ny Fuhw id`qw sI[

     m`tn ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI pMfq bRhmdws nwl bhuq lMmI Drm crcw hoeI[ pMfq bRhmdws eyQy nyVy dy ipMf bIj ibhwVw dw rihx vwlw sI[ bRhmdws ny ikqwbW dw iek Fyr iek`Tw kIqw hoieAw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny bRhmdws dy ikqwbI ieælm dw mwx qoV ky Aqy aus nUM rUhwnIAq dw sbk id~qw sI[ A^Ir bRhm dq is~KI ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ gurU swihb ny bRhm dws (pu`qr Twkr dws d`q) nUM kSmIr ’c is`KI prcwr dw AwgU QwipAw sI[ (gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kol 25 meI 1675 dy idn &irAwdI hox vwly bRwhmxW dw jQw ies ielwky dy ijs mShUr is`K AwgU BweI ikrpw rwm d`q dI bWh PV ky AwieAw sI auh iesy bRhm dws pVpoqw sI).

m`tn ivcly s`q gurduAwirAW ivcoN bicAw iek gurduAwrw

 

 

m`tn gurduAwrw (dUr dw idRS)

 

m`tn dy gurduAwry dw cSmw
(ijs ’qy mMdr vwilAW dw kbzw hY)

 

mQurw

 (sMsikRq mQurw, mQUrw; pRikRq mhurw; ApBRMS mhur, mhurw; pwlI mDurw) 

au~qr pRdyS ivc Xmunw ndI dy kMFy ’qy v`isAw hoieAw iek pRwcIn ngr (Awgrw qoN 57 qy id`lI qoN166 iklomItr dUr)[ ieh ihMdUAW dy sq sB qoN piv`qr ngr ivcoN iek hY[ ies nUM bRj BUmI qy bRj Kyqr vI kihMdy hn[ iek irvwieq muqæwibæk ies QW ’qy jMgl huMdw sI[ aus vyly ies QW dw nW mDuvn sI[ nwrd ny Druv nUM ie`Qy qp krn vwsqy aupdyS id`qw sI[ ivSnU purwx muqæwibæk qRyqw Xug ivc ies ielwky ivc mDu nW dw rwjw rwj krdw sI[ aus ny ieh ngr vswieAw sI Aqy ies ngr dw nW mDupurI r`iKAw sI[ mDu qoN mgroN aus dw pu`qr lvx rwjw bixAw sI[ iek lVweI ivc rwmcMdr dy Brw SqrUGn ny lvx nUM mwr ky ies ngr ’qy kbzw kr ky ies dw nW bdl ky mDurw r`K id`qw sI jo smW bIqx ’qy mQurw bx igAw sI[ duAwpr Xug ivc ies ngr ’qy SUrsyn vMS dy KqrIAW ny rwj kIqw sI[ Xwdv vMS dy ikRSn dw jnm iesy ngr ivc hoieAw sI[ aus smyN ie`Qy augr syn dw rwj sI[ aus dy pu`qr kMs ny aus nUM kYd kr ky q^q ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ kMs ikRSn dw mwmw sI[ mgroN ikRSn ny kMs nUM mwr ky Awpxy nwny augr syn nUM dobwrw g`dI ’qy ibTw id`qw sI[

     sMn 1662 ivc AOrMgzyb ny ies ngr ’qy kbzw kr ky kySv mMdr dy iblkul nwl iek msijd bxw id`qI sI[ sMn 1669 ivc aus ny mMidr vI Fuhw id`qw sI[ aus ny ies ngr  dw nW ieslwmwbwd r`iKAw sI pr auh nW c`ilAw nhIN sI[ sMn 1757 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny ies mgr ’qy hmlw kr ky Sihr nUM ^Ub lu`itAw sI Aqy hzwrW pujwrI qy XwqrI kql kr id`qy sn[ mQurw ivc ikRSn dy jnm AsQwn ’qy iek v`fw mMidr bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw govrDn dw mMidr, gopI nwQ dw mMidr, goivMd mMidr, rwm mMidr, rwDw ibhwrI mMidr, SRInwQ dI bYTk vI ie`QoN dy muK mMidr hn[ ie`Qy hI cmuMfw dyvI dw mMidr vI hY, jo 51 SkqIpITW ivcoN iek hY.

ikRSn jnm BUmI

 

 

ikRSn jnm BUmI qy SwhI eIdgwh ipCly pwisEN

 

 

mQurw dw kySv mMidr

 

cmuMfw dyvI mMidr

kMs dy iklHy dw Qyh

 

     mQurw ivc gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn (sMn 1508 ivc), gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr dy iklHy qoN irhw hox mgroN (sMn 1619 ivc) Aqy gurU goibMd isMG bcpn ivc ptnw qoN nwnky ipMf lKnOr jWdy hoey (sMn 1670 ivc) ies ngr ivc rukyy sn[ ies ngr ivc do gurduAwry sn: gurduAwrw gurU nwnk bgIcI (ieh cObw pirvwr dw Gr sI, ij`Qy gurU hirgoobMd swihb Tihry sn) Aqy iek Xmunw dirAw dy kMFy ’qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gaU Gwt (rwjw kMs dy iklHy dy Qyh dy iblkul nwl)[ ^UnI nvMbr 1984 ivc Xmunw dy kMFy ’qy bxy gurduAwrw gaU Gwt dy audwsI pujwrI ny gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp dirAw ivc su`t id`qw sI qy gurduAwry nUM sRIcMd dw mMidr bxw id`qw sI.

 

gurduArw gurU nwnk bgIcI mQurw

 

  

gurduArw gaU Gwt mQurw
(ijs nUM 1984 ivc sRIcMd dw mMidr bxw id`qw igAw hY)

 

 

msqUAwxw

 

sMgrUr izlHw qy qihsIl) dw iek ipMf (sMgrUr qoN 7 iklomItr dUr); ies dw srkwrI kwZzW ivc hux nW gurUswgr msqUAwxw hY[ies ipMf dw Aqr isMG (jo iek swbkw &OjI sI) Awpxy vyilAW dw iek mShUr swDU sI (ijs nUM mdn mhn mwlvIAw ny sMq kihxw SurU kIqw sI)[ aus ny ies ipMf ivc Awpxw fyrw kwiem krn qoN ielwvw iek skUl vI KoilHAw sI; mgroN ie`Qy iek kwlj vI bx igAw sI[ iesy nyVy hI ipMf mMgvwl hY ij`Qy gurU nwnk swihb gey sn[ ies ipMf ivc gurduAwrw ‘scKMf AMgITw swihb’ ivc drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dI hU-b-hU nkl ’qy iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw hY[ isr& sonw nhIN lwieAw igAw bwkI swrw kuJ 100% drbwr swihb vrgw hY[ ies hrkq dI bhuq mu^wl&q hoeI sI[ ieh gurduAwrw sMn 1967  ivc bxnw SurU hoieAw sI[ sMn 1994 ivc ies dw muK ih`sw iqAwr ho igAw qW ies ’qy ieqrwz au~Txy SurU ho gey sn[ sMn 1996 ivc Akwl buMgw dy pujwrI ny ies nUM rokx vwsqy ikhw sI, pr iksy ny ies dI prvwh nhIN kIqI sI[ sMn 2009 ivc qyjw isMG smuMdrI hwl ivc swrIAW is`K jQybMdIAW dy iek“T ny ies dy i^lw& mqw pws kr ky ies dw nkSw bdlx vwsqy Aqy srovr pUrn jW pwxI-rihq krn bwry mqw pws kIqw sI Aqy Akwl buMgw dy pujwrI ny ‘hukmnwmw’ vI jwrI kIqw sI, pr iksy ny prvwh nhIN kIqI sI[ 28 jUn 2015 dy idn pRSoqm isMG PgUvwlIAw nW dw iek is`K iek tYNkI ’qy cVH igAw Aqy ies iemwrq dw nkSw nw bdlx ’qy ^udkuSI dI DmkI id`qI[ ies nUM muK r`K ky SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI iek tIm 12 julweI 2015 dy idn au~Qy geI sI[ ies ivc krnYl isMG pMjOlI, suKdyv isMG BOr, kyvl isMG bwdl, rijMdr isMG mihqw, mohn isMG bWgI aus ivc Swiml sn[ aunHW ny mOky ’qy jw ky vyiKAw ik sB kuJ pihlW vW| hI sI; pRbMDkW ny zrw-mwsw vI qbdIlI nhIN kIqI sI[ pr, iksy dI jurAq nhIN peI sI ies nUM qbdIl krvw sky[ AkwlI AwgU suKdyv isMG FINfsw ies dy muK pRbMDkW ivcoN iek hY[ ieh swibq krdw hY ik SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI jW ies hyT mulwzmq krn vwly AKOqI jQydwrW dw zor isr& sMjIdw is`KW ’qy hI cldw hY, fWgW vwilAW nUM ienHW dI koeI prvwh nhIN.

msqUAwxw ivc drbwr swihb dI nkl vwlI iemwrq dI qsvIr 

 

msqUAwxw ivc drbwr swihb dI nkl vwlI iemwrq dI iek hor qsvIr

msqUAwxw dy nklI drbwr swihb dw iek hor idRS

mwrqMf mMdr

kSmIr ivc m`tn ksby dy nyVy (6-7 iklomItr dUr) ikhrIbl ipMf dy bwhrvwr mwrqMf (sUrj) dyvqw dw mShUr mMdr hoieAw krdw sI[ ieh mMdr sMn 500  ivc bxnw SurU hoieAw sI Aqy sMn 750 qk ies ivc vwDw huMdw irhw sI[ ieh lilqwidq@Xw rwjy dy kwl ivc iqAwr ho igAw sI[ ies dw rkbw  220 &u`t lMmweI, qy 142 &u`t cOVweI sI[  ies ivc 84 Coty mMdr sn[ mMdr dy ivckwr pwxI dw iek kuMf vI sI (jo A`j vI kwiem hY)[ pMdrvIN sdI dy SurU ivc ies mMdr nUM muslmwn hwkm iskMdr buqiSkn ny Fwh idqw sI[ ies nUM Fwhux ivc hI iek swl lg igAw sI[ pr, ies mMdr dy KMfr Aj vI kwiem hn[ ienHW KMfrW qoN AMdwzw lwieAw jw skdw hY ik ikMnI ivSwl Aqy ikMnI kmwl dI iemwrq hovygI.

 

mwrqMf ikho ijhw hovygw (jy fugiet muqæwibkæ)

 

 

mwrqMf dy KMfr sMn 1868 dI qsvIr

 

 

mwrqMf mMdr dw kyNdrI ih`sw

 

mwrqMf mMdr dw pYnoromw

 

mwVI kMbo/ mwVI kMboky

 

izlHw qrnqwrn dI iB`KIivMf qihsIl dw iek ipMf (iB`KIivMf qoN 7, p`tI qoN 27 Aqy qrnqwrn qoN 36 iklomItr dUr)[ ies ipMf dy su`Kw isMG ny mihqwb isMG mIrWkot nwl iml ky 11 Agsq 1740 dy idn drbwr swihb dI byhurmqI kr rhy m`sw rMGV dw isr v`iFAw sI[su`Kw isMG dI Xwd ivc aus dy ipMf mwVI kMboky ivc iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw hY.

 

mwVI musq&w

 izlHw mogw dI bwGw purwxw qihsIl ivc iek ipMf (bwGw purwxw qoN 12 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU hirgibMd swihb frolI BweI jWidAW iek vwr ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

mrdoN

 

hirAwxw dy izlHw qy qihsIl AMbwlw dw iek in`kw ijhw ipMf (AMbwlw qoN 16 iklo mItr dUr)[ ies ipMf ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb (bcpn ivc) gey sn[ ieh ipMf gurU goibMd isMG jI dy nwnky ipMf lKnOr dy nyVy hox kr ky gurU jI nwnky jWidAW keI vwr ie`Qy ruk jwieAw krdy sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw mrdoN swihb pwSwhI nOvIN Aqy dsvIN bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihlW ieh purwxI iemwrq ivc sI, pr hux ie`Qy v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY.

 purwxI iemwrq

 

nvIN iemwrq

mwxUky

 izlHw luiDAwxw dI jgrwEN qihsIl ivc iek ipMf (jgrwEN qoN 17 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI 19 dsMbr 1705 dy idn, lMmw j`tpurw qoN c`kr ipMf vl jWdy, ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc pihlW in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb sI; sMn 1923 ivc aus dI QW v`fw ‘gurduAwrw jOVIAW swihb’ bxwieAw igAw sI[ aus mgroN ies dI iemwrq ivc hor bhuq vwDw kIqw igAw sI[ gurduAwry dy bwhr l`gy borf au~qy iek kwlpink khwxI vI ilKI hoeI hY.

 mwxUky ivc kwlpink khwxI vwlw borf

mnsUrpur CINtWvwlw

 

pitAwlw izlHy dI nwBw qihsIl ivc  (pitAwlw qoN 40, nwBw qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr) iek purwxw ipMf[ ies ipMf nUM iek rwjpUq mnsUr AlI ^wn kwkVw ny vswieAw sI[ mgroN ieh ipMf ivc CINtW dy kpVy au~qy CpweI dy kMm kwrn bhuq mShUr ho igAw sI, ies kr ky ipMf dy nW nwl CINtWvwlw p`kw hI juV igAw sI[  AwpxI audwsI dOrwn iek vwr gur nwnk swihb ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU jI cMdn dws jwVw KqrI dy cObwry ivc ruky sn[ hux aus QW ’qy gurduAwrw cObwrw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

mnImwjrw

 

cMfIgVH XUnIAn tYrytrI (kyNdr dy hyT ielwkw) dw iek ih`sw hY (ies nUM hux sYktr 13 dw nW dy id`qw igAw hY)[ ieh kdy iek Awzwd irAwsq dI rwjDwnI sI[ sMn 1764 ivc ZrIb dws ny mnImwjrw (jo audoN iek ipMf hI sI) Aqy 48 hor ipMfW nUM ij`q ky ies ipMf nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI[ aus ny ie`Qy iek iklHw vI bxwieAw sI[ ZrIb dws dy mrn mgroN gopwl isMG ie`Qo dw mwilk bixAw sI[ AMgRyzW dw v&wdwr hox kr ky aus nUM rwjw dI pdvI dy id`qI geI sI[ gopwl isMG dy mrn ip`CoN aus dw pu`qr hmIr isMG, aus dw pu`qr govrDn isMG, aus dw pu`qr gurb^S isMG qy aus dw pu`qr Bgvwn isMG ies irAwsq dy vwirs bxy sn[ Bgvwn isMG dy byAOlwd mrn mgroN AMgRyzW ny ies irAwsq ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[

     mnImwjrw dw sbMD is`K qvwrI^ nwl vI hY[ gurU hir rwie swihb dy pu`qr rwm rwie dI iek pqnI rwj kuier ie`QoN dI rihx vwlI sI[ 28 AkqUbr 1688 ivc jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI pwauNtw qoN c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur) jw rhy sn qW auh rwh ivc 7 nvMbr dy idn mnImwjrw ivc bIbI rwj kuier (kOr) dy Gr vI Tihry sn[ bIbI rwj kOr ny AwpxI Aw^rI aumr ie`Qy hI ibqweI sI Aqy gurduAwrw mMjI swihb ausy dw Gr sI ie`Qy hI aus dw sskwr hoieAw sI qy dyhurw bxwieAw igAw sI.

 

mnImwjrw ivc ZrIb dws dw iklHw

gurduAwrw mMjI swihb

 

gurduAwrw mMjI swihb ivc l`gw borf

 

 

mnImwjrw ivc dyhurw bIbI rwj kuier (kOr)

mnIkrx

 

ihmWcl ivc BuMqr qoN 36 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI iek audwsI dOrwn ies ipMf vI gey sn[ sMn 1933 qk ie`Qy koeI iemwrq nhIN sI; isr& iek in`kw ijhI QVHI sI:

(DMnw isMG cihl sweIkl XwqrU v`loN 29 jUn 1933 dy idn iK`cI qsvIr)

 

     sMn 1960 qoN mgroN nwrwiex isMG nW dy swD ny ie`Qy iek kmrw pw ky gurduAwrw bxwaux dI kwrvweI SurU kIqI sI[ mgroN mukwmI lokW nUM ^uS krn vwsqy auh Awpxy Awp nUM ‘nwrwiex hrI’ AKvwaux lg ipAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI ies gurduAwry dI iemwrq PYldI geI sI Aqy ies vkq ieh iek bhuq v`fw Adwrw bx cukw hY[ nwrwiex isMG/hrI dI mOq qoN bwAd hux aus dI DI dyvW mhMqxI bxI hoeI hY[ nwrwiex isMG/hrI ny dyvW dw ivAwh ku`lU dy iek ihMdU nwl, jo iek kpVw vpwrI sI, nwl ivAwh kr id`qw sI[  Aj klH ies Adwry ’qy mhMqnI dy pqI dy pirvwr dw kbzw hY[ gurduAwry dy nW ’qy bxI fyry dI iemwrq dw muK hwl 150 qoN vD imQhwsk ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW nwl BirAw hoieAw hY[ swD nwrwiex hrI dIAW v`fIAW v`fIAW mUrqW vI gurU gRMQ swihb dy i`pCy Aqy Aqy nwl lweIAW hoeIAW hn[

     mnIkrn ivc grm pwxI dy cSmy hn; ijnHW nUM ZYbI qæwkæq kih ky lokW nUM Drm dy nW ’qy BrmwieAw hoieAw hY[ grm pwxI dy ieho ijhy cSmy mnwlI, bdrInwQ, kSmIr qy hor keI jgh vI hn; Aqy dunIAW dy keI mulkW ivc bhuq jgh iml jWdy hn.

 

 

mnIkrx fyry dI mOjUdw iemwrq

 

 

mnIkrx fyry dI iemwrq dw muK drvwzw

 

mnIkrx fyry dy AMdr dw iek idRS

 

nwrwiex isMG (&oto K`by pwsy) dI DI dyvW mhMqnI
ieh gurU gRMQ swihb dI qwibAw nhIN hY

 

minhwlw

 

izlHw qrnqwrn dI qihsIl p`tI dw iek ipMf (p`tI qoN 5 Aqy qrnqwrn qoN 26 iklomItr dUr)[ ieh ipMf bwT goqR dy j`tW dw vswieAw hoieAw hY[ ies pirvwr dy bhuq swry lok BMgI imsl ivc Swiml ho gey sn Aqy aunHW ny bhuq swry ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ienHW ivcoN jY isMG bhuq mShUr ho igAw sI; ies kr ky ipMf dw nW minhwlw jY isMG jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ hux srkwrI kwZzW ivc ies dw nW’minhwlw jY isMG’ hY[ ies ipMf ivc iek vwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek Swndwr gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY:

 

mWgt

p`CmI pMjwb ivc izlHw mMfI bhwau~dIn dI &wlIAw qihsIl dw iek ipMf[ ies ipMf dy bMno nW dy iek is`K ny gurU gRMQ swihb dw auqwrw kr ky aus ivc hor ilKqW pw ky bIV iqAwr kIqI sI; ies nUM ‘bMno dI bIV’ kihMdy sI[ ies bIV dy 467 pqry (vrky, 934 s&y) sn[ ie`Qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG vyly iek v`fw gurduAwrw auswirAw igAw sI ijs ivc ieh bIV r`KI geI sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN ieh gurduAwrw aujwV ipAw hY.

 

mWgw ipMf

 

izlHw lwhOr dw iek ipMf (lwhOr qoN 35 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy iek vwr gurU nwnk swihb gey sn[ mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU hirgoivMd swihb vI iek vwr ie`Qy Awey sn[  gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw Cotw nwnikAwxw bixAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN ies ’qy jsits mOlvI muSqwk ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[ hux gurduAwrw qkrIbn Qyh bx cuikAw hY Aqy  gurduAwry dI zmIn au~qy ‘AlIgVH skUl’ bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

mwlv/mwlvw

 

(sMsikRq mwlvhæ) m`D kwl ivc AvMqI Aqy ies dy Awly duAwly dy ielwky nUM mwlv dyS kihMdy sn; ies ivc ieMdOr, Bopwl, Dwr, rqlwm, jOrw, rwjgVH, nrisMGgVH dIAW purwxIAW irAwsqW swiml sn[ ies zon dw rkbw 81767 mur`bw iklomItr Aqy AwbwdI qkrIbn 2 kroV hY[ kdy ieh mWfU rwjpUqW dy kbzy ivc sI[ aunHw ny mWfU ngr vswieAw sI[ mWfU dw purwxw ‘jhwz mihl’ Ajy vI mOjUd hY[ dsvIN sdI dy A`D ivc prmwr goqr dy rwjpUqW ny mWfU ngr ’qy hmlw kr ky kbzw kr ilAw sI[ mWfU vI ft ky lVy sn Aqy jd qk iek vI mWfU izMdw irhw sI auh lVdy rhy sn[ prmwrW ny sMn 950 qoN 1305 qk  ies mwlvy ’qy rwj kIqw sI[ aunHW smyN rwjw Boj ny Dwr ngr nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI Aqy ie`Qy vI iek v`fw iklHw bxwieAw sI[ is`K qvwrI^ ivc Aihm rol Adw krn vwlw BweI mnI isMG pirvwr ienHW prmwr hwkmW dy vMSj sn[ hux mwlvw zon m`D pRdyS sUby dw ih`sw hY.

 

mWfU dw purwxw jhwz mihl

Dwr dw purwxw iklHw

 

mMfI ngr

 

ihmWcl dw iek Aihm ngr[ ieh ngr iSmlw qoN qkrIbn 145, cMfIgVH qoN 180, kIrqpur qoN 130 iklomItr dUr hY[ ies ngr dI nINh Ajbr sYn ny sMn 1526 ivc r`KI sI[ ies dw nW mWfv ngr qy shor iliKAw vI imldw hY[ vxjwirAW dIAW mMfIAW ie`Qy lgx kr ky ies dw nW mMfI mShUr ho igAw sI[ mMfI irAwsq dw mu`F bwhU syn (bMgwl dy cMdrbMsI) rwjy ny sMn 1200 ivc bMinHAw sI[

     mMfI izlHy dIAW s`q qihsIlW: joigMdr ngr, srkwGwt, suMdr ngr, sdr mMfI, krsog Awid[ rvwlsr ngr vI iesy izlHy ivc hY[ mMfI ngr Cotw ijhw hY; sMn 2022 ivc ies dI AwbwdI  26 hzwr qoN kuJ vD hY[ ies ngr ivc keI mShUr mMidr hn (BImklI mMdr, qrnw mMdr,iqrloknwQ mMidr)[ Sihr ikauN ik ibAws dirAw dy duAwly v`isAw hoieAw hY; ies kr ky ie`QoN kdy ivktorIAw sspYNSn birj dI ^ws AhmIAq hY[

mMfI ngr dy do hvweI idRS

 

ivktorIAw sspY~n@Sn birj

 

 

     AwpxI mwnsrovr PyrI dOrwn nwnk swihb mMfI ngr ivcoN lMMGy sn (audoN Ajy ie`Qy ngr Awbwd nhIN hoieAw sI)[ gurU goibMd isMG ie`Qy sMn 1692 dI ApRYl ivc rvwlsr qoN Awey sn[ gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw plMG swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY[‘gurduAwrw plMG swihb’ dI pihlI iemwrq mMfI dy rwjy ny bxw ky id`qI sI[ hux ieh iek bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY[ auh plMG ijs ’qy gurU goibMd isMG jI ny Awrwm kIqw sI, ies gurduAwry ivc sMBwilAw ipAw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw ie`Qy iek bMdUk Aqy iek rbwb vI peI hoeI hY[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh cIzW gurU goibMd isMG jI ny mMfI dy rwjy nUM Byt kIqIAW sn.

gurduAwrw plMG swihb (purwxI iemwrq

 

 

gurduAwrw plMG swihb (nvIN iemwrq)

gurU goibMd isMG jI dI bMdUk

 

gurU goibMd isMG jI dI rbwb

 

gurduAwry ivc l`gw Zlq jwxkwrI vwlw borf

 

 

gurU goibMd isMG jI vwlw plMG
DMnw isMG cihl dI iK`cI qsvIr (26 jUn 1933)

mwxk

 

lwhOr rweyivMf mwrg ’qy iek ipMf (lwhOr qoN 45 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy iek vwr gurU nwnk swihb gey sn[  aunHW dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw pwqSwhI pihlI’ bixAw hoieAw sI[ hux aus dw Qyh hI bicAw hY.

 

mwxk tbrw

 

hirAwxw dy izlHw pMckUlw ivc, rwiepur rwxI qoN iqMn iklomItr dUr, iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI AkqUbr 1688 ivc pwauNtw qoN c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur) jWidAW ruky sn[ ie`QoN hI rwiepur rwxI dy mihl ivc Kwxw Kwx gey sn[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek Swndwr gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY; pihlW ies dw nW ‘gurUAwxw swihb’ sI; hux ies dw nW gurduAwrw mwxk tbrw pwqSwhI dsvIN hY.

 

gurduAwrw mwxk tbrw

 

mwxk dyky

 

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw ksUr  dI qihsIl cUxIAW ivc kMgxpur dy nyVy (kMgxpur qoN 2 iklomItr) iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw gey sn[ iek swKI muqæwibkæ gurU jI ies qoN pihlW kMgxpur gey sn[ au~QoN dy lokW ny gurU jI nUM pwxI qk  nhIN sI  pu`iCAw[  au~QoN turn l`igAW gurU jI ny ipMf vwilAW vwsqy &urmwn kIqw sI “vsdy rho”[  ie`QoN jdoN gurU jI mwxk dyky ipMf pu`jy qW ie`QoN dy lokW ny gurU jI dI bhuq syvw kIqI[ jdoN gurU jI ie`Qo c`lx l`gy qW aunHW ny lokW nUM  ikhw qusIN ‘aujV jwE’[ ies ’qy BweI mrdwnw ny pu`iCAw ik gurU jI ‘vsdy rho’ Aqy ‘au~jV jwE’ kihx ivc ivc kI rmz hY[ gurU jI ny ikhw ik mwVy lok Awpxy ipMf ivc hI vsdy rihx; jy auh ikqy hor jwxgy qW auh AwpxI mwVI m`q hornW nUM vI dyxgy Aqy ijnHW ny syvw kIqI hY auh ij`Qy vI jwxgy auh au~QoN dy lokW nUM cMgI m`q hI dyxgy[ BwvyN ieh iek khwxI hY, pr ies ivc bVI v`fI nsIhq CupI hoeI hY[ ies ipMf ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw mMjI swihb bixAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN ies iemwrq au~qy lokW ny kbzw kr ky vwsw kr ilAw sI[ hux zrw-mwsw ih`sw hI bicAw hY.

 

 

mwxk cMd

 

1. ieh Drm cMd dw pu`qr, lKmI dws dw poqw Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dw pVpoqw sI[ ies dw jnm sMn 1547 ivc hoieAw sI[ nwnkwxw swihb ivc gurU nwnk swihb dw purb ies ny hI mnwauxw SurU kIqw sI

 

2. vYrovwl dw vwsI iek pQrIAw KqrI[ jdoN goieMdvwl dI bwaulI iqAwr ho geI qW aus dw kV (ijs hyyT pwxI huMdw hY) ies ny qoiVAw sI Aqy nwl hI ieh fu`b vI igAw sI; pr is`KW ny ies nUM bcw ilAw sI[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU jI ny ies nUM ‘jIvVw’ dw i^qwb id`qw sI[ kvI sMqoK isMG ny qW ies nUM ‘mMjI’ b^Sx dw vI iliKAw hY hwlWik bweI mMjIAW vwlI g`l hMdwlIAW dI klpI hoeI khwxI hY (vyKo: hMdwl)

 

3. iek mwxk cMd dw izkr gurU rwmdws swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivc vI AwauNdw hY (ho skdw hY ik ieh aupr 2 nMbr vwlw hI hovy): pUro mwxk cMd hY, ibsn dws prvwr sDwrw (BweI gurdws, vwr 11, pauVI 17).

mwlvw

 pMjwb ivc sqluj dirAw dy d`Kx (K`by pwsy) v`l dw ielwkw; ies ivc luiDAwxw, sMgrUr, brnwlw, mlyrkotlw, biTMfw, mwnsw, &Irozpur, &wizlkw, mukqsr, mogw, &rIdkot izLHy Swiml hn[ kuJ lok pitAwlw qy &qhgVH iziLHAw nUM vI ies ivc Swiml krd hn (pr ieh vDyry kr ky puAwD dw ih`sw mMny jWdy hn)[ ies mwlvw bwry kvI sMqoK isMG ny iek khwxI ilKI sI ik iek vwr gurU goibMd isMG jI ny BweI f`lw nwl g`lW kridAW ‘vr’ id`qw sI ik ieh ryqlw ielwkw kdy (m`D pRdyS vwly) mwlvy vW| bhuq vDAw ielwkw bx jweygw; ie`Qy nihrW vgxgIAW Aqy BrpUr PslW hoieAw krngIAW[ A`j mwlvw PslW p`KoN sB qoN A`gy hY, pr ies dw kwrn koeI ‘vr’ nhIN blik ies ielwky ivc nihrW rwhIN  sqluj dirAw dw pwxI phuMcxw hY.

mlUkw Kurd

 izlHw biTMfw dI Bgqw BweIkw qihsIl dw iek ipMf (jYqo qoN 18,  idAwl[irw BweIkw qoN 12 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy dsMbr 1705 ivc gurU goibMd isMG gey sn[ mwlvw dys rtn dI swKI poQI muqæwibkæ ie`Qy iek dIvwny swDU ny gurU jI dy Kymy ivc zbrdsqI vVn dI koiSS kIqI sI[ gurU jI AMdr sON rhy sn ies kr ky is`KW ny aus nUM rokx dI koiSS kIqI qW h`Qo-pweI ivc auh z^mI ho igAw sI[ eyny ivc gurU jI jwg pey Aqy aus nUM AMdr bulwieAw qy g`lbwq kIqI[ pr, ikauNik auh bhuq z^mI ho igAw sI ies kr ky auh cVHweI kr igAw sI[ ipMf dy bwhrvwr gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw qruAwxw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihlw ieh iek in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb sI, pr sMn 1952 ivc iek v`fI iemwrq auswrI geI sI.

m`lU nMgl

 

izlHw AMimRqsr dI hrsw CInw qihsIl ivc (AMimRqsr qoN 13 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU Arjn swihb gey sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

m`lHw

 

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw nwrovwl dI qihsIl S`krgVH ivc rwvI dirAw dy kMFy ’qy iek ipMf (krqwrpur qoN 8 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU nwnk swihb iek vwr krqwrpur qoN isAwlkot jWdy hoey ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw byr swihb pwqSwhI pihlI bixAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1952 ivc rwvI dirAw ivc Awey iek hVH nwl gurduAwry dI iemwrq vI ruVH geI sI.

 

gurduAwrw byr swihb m`lHw dI 6 meI 1933 dy idn DMnw isMG sweIkl XwqrU dI iK`cI qsvIr

m`lx

 zlHw mukqsr ivc iek ipMf (jYqo qoN 15 Aqy mukqsr qoN 30 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dsMbr 1705 ivc rwmyAwxw v`l jWdy hoey ruky sn[ ieh auhI QW hY ij`Qy gurU jI nUM viVMg goq dw jog rwj nW dw iek bMdw imilAw sI Aqy ijs ny srhMd dy &Ojdwr nUM d`isAw sI ik gurU jI iKdrwxy dI Fwb v`l gey hn[ ies ipMf ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw rwmsr pwqSwhI dsvIN bixAw hoieAw hY

m`lw

 

izLHw &rIdkot ivc iek ipMf (jYqo qoN 13 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU hirgoibMd sihb dI bytI bIbI vIro dI SwdI ies ipMf dy BweI swDU (pu`qr Drmw Kosw) nwl, 14 ApRYl 1634 dy idn, Jbwl ipMf ivc hoeI sI[ bIbI vIro nUM imlx vwsqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb iek ipMf ivc Awey sn[ dohW gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw cONqw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies nUM gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN vI kihMdy hn[ gurduAwry ivc l`gy iek borf ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb v`loN iek srwl dI mukqI krn dI kwlpink khwxI vI ilKI hoeI hY.

m`lw gurduAwry ivc l`gw borf

mwljI swihb

 

1. nwnkwxw swihb ivc iek gurduAwrw ijs nwl gurU nwnk swihb v`loN m`JW cwridAW sON jwx Aqy iek s`p v`loN Px PYlw ky aunHW ’qy CW krn dI kwlpink khwxI juVI hoeI hY[ ikauNik ie`Qy mwl (pIlU) dy r`KW dw JuMf sI ies kr ky ies dw nW ‘mwljI swihb’ mShUr ho igAw sI. hor vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb

 

2. ies nW dw iek bhuq Swndwr gurduAwrw kMgxpur ivc vI bixAw hoieAw sI (ijs dI iemwrq hux mwVI hwlq ivc hY), vyKo: kMgxpur.

mlyrkotlw/mwlyrkotlw

 

pMjwb dI iek in`kI ijhI, pr sB qoN purwxI, irAwsq dI rwjDwnI (luiDAwxw qoN 50 iklomItr dUr)[ ieh SyrvwnI kbIly dy  pTwxW dI irAwsq hY[ ies dw mu`F bihlol loDI dy dwmwd sdr-aud-dIn-ie-jhW sylwbnI qoN sMn 1454 ivc bMinHAw igAw sI[ bihlol loDI ny AwpxI DI qwj mur`sw dy dwj vjoN ies nUM 68 ipMfW dI jwgIr id`qI sI[ mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ kdy ie`Qy iek rwjpUq mhlyr isMh dy nW ’qy v`isAw ipMf mlhyr huMdw sI[ sMn 1657 ivc bYzId ^wn ny ie`Qy iek iklHw (kotlw) bxwieAw ijs kr ky ies QW dw nW mlyrkotlw jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ie`QoN dI AwbwdI ivc qkrIbn 90 hzwr (68%) muslmwn, 28 hzwr ihMdU (20%) Aqy 13 hzwr isK (9.5%) hn[ pihlW mlyrkotlw sMgrUr dI iek qihsIl dw hY~fkuArtrz sI; 18 meI 2021 dy idn ies nUM sMgrUr izlHy ivcoN v`Krw kr ky iek nvW izlHw bxw id`qw igAw sI[

     mlyrkotlw Aqy is`K: nvwb mlyrkotlw  dy vwirsW v`loN ieh prcwr kIqw jWdw irhw hY jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy in`ky swihbzwidAW ƒ srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn ny kql krn vwsqy hukm id`qw sI qW mlyrkotly dy pTwn hwkm Syr muhMmd ^wn ny “hwA” dw nwArw mwirAw sI[ Gtnw ieM\ sI: jd vzIr ^wn ny swihbzwidAW nUM kql krn dw hukm id`qw qW aus ny nvwb mlyrkotlw nUM ikhw ik “qyry Brw nUM gurU goibMd isMG ny cmkOr dI lVweI ivc mwirAw sI; hux ieh qyry hvwly kr dyNdw hW qUM ienHW nUM mwr ky Awpxy Brw dy mwrn dw bdlw lY lY[” ies ’qy Syr muhMmd ^wn ny isr& eynw hI ikhw sI: “mYN Awpxw bdlw duSmx dy mwsUm b`icAW qoN nhIN blik aus (gurU) qoN hI lvWgw[” Syr muhMmd ^wn ny swihbzwidAW dy kql dy hukm dI koeI mu^wl&q nhIN kIqI sI; aus ny qW Awpxy Brw dy gurU jI dy h`QoN mwry jwx dy bdly ivc b`icAW nUM mwrn dI g`l mnzUr nhIN kIqw sI (ieh hwA dw nwArw mwrnw nhIN sI; auN\ ‘hwA dw nwArw’ Sbd qW kvI sMqoK isMG ny GiVAw sI)[ jd vzIr ^wn ny b`icAW nUM dIvwr ivc icxn dw hukm id`qw Aqy dIvwr if`gx mgroN j`lwd h`QoN kql krvwieAw qW Syr muhMmd ^wn ny koeI ivroD nhIN kIqw sI[

     drAsl, Syr muhMmd ^wn is`KW dw koeI hmdrd nhIN sI blik k`tV duSmx sI[ aus ny Aqy aus dy BrwvW, pu`qrW qy BqIijAW ny vwr-vwr gurU goibMd isMG jI Aqy is`KW ’qy hmly kIqy sn[ 12 AkUqbr 1700 nUM  inrmohgVH ivc, 7-8 dsMbr 1705 nUM cmkOr ivc, 9-10 meI 1710 dy idn mJYl isMGW ’qy bihlolpur ivc Aqy 12 meI 1710 dy idn c`pV-icVI ivc vI aus ny zbrdsq t`kr leI sI Aqy srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn dy hr hukm ’qy Pul cVHwauNidAW is`KW ’qy Akwrn hI hmly kIqy sn[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc auh Awp, aus  dy iqMn Brw Aqy do BqIjy mwry gey sn[ ies kr ky isKW ƒ mlyrkotlw dy pTwx hwkm vI bhuq cuBdy sn Aqy auh aus ƒ vI szw dyxw cwhuMdy sn[ srhMd ij`qx qoN bwAd is`K &OjW ny mlyrkotlw vl kUc kr idqw dI[ jdoN mlyrIAW ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K &OjW mlyrkotlw vl Aw rhIAW hn qW au~QoN dy iek SwhUkwr ikSn cMd ny bMdw isMG ƒ Arz kIqI ik mlyrkotlw ƒ b^S idqw jwvy[ aus ny SihrIAW dI qr&oN coKI v`fI rkm bMdw isMG ƒ pyS kr ky Sihr ƒ lu`ty jwx qoN bcw ilAw sI[ jy kr ikSn cMd bMdw isMG A`gy &irAwdI nw huMdw qW mlyrkotlw vI qbwh ho jwxw sI[ ies qoN mgroN vI mlyrkotly dy hwkmW ny Aihmd Swh durwnI nwl rl ky 1762 dy G`lUGwry qk is`KW dy i^lw& hr muihMm ivc ih`sw ilAw sI)[

     nvwb mlyrkotlw dy pirvwr ny iek JUTI ic`TI vI bxweI hoeI hY ijs bwry auh kihMdy hn ik aunHW ny b`icAW dy kql dy i^lw& AOrMgzyb nUM ilKI sI[ aunHW ny iek qlvwr vI r`KI hoeI hY ijs nUM auh gurU goibMd isMG jI v`loN AKOqI ‘hwA dw nwArw mwrn bdly Sukrwny jW eInwm vjoN b^SI hoeI’ kihMdy hn[ ieh sB dsqwvyz nklI hn[ hux qW au~Qy “hwA dw nwArw” dy nW ’qy iek gurduAwrw vI bxw id`qw igAw hY.

mlyrkotlw dy purwxy iklHy dy KMfr

 

mlyrkotlw dw purwxw mubwrk mMizl mihl

 

mlyrkotlw ivc gurduAwrw ‘hwA dw nwArw’

 

 

mwldw

 

p`CmI bMgwl sUby ivc kwilMdI Aqy mhwnMdw dirAwvW dy sMgm ’qy v`isAw iek pRwcIn ngr (mwldw mShUr Sihr ‘ieMgilS bwzwr’ qoN isr& 4 iklomItr dUr hY[ ie`QoN kolkwqw 325 qy muMGyr 300 iklomItr dUr hY)[ A`j mwldw iek v`fw Sihr hY[ mwldw iek ^ws iksm dy AMbW kr ky vI dunIAW Br ivc mShUr hY[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn ies ngr ivc ruky sn[ gurU nwnk swihb DubVI qoN rMgpur (hux bMglw dyS dw ih`sw) huMdy hoey mwldw pu`jy sn (ie`Qo gurU nwnk swihb Fwkw gey sn[ Fwkw Aj-klH bMglw dyS dI rwjDwnI hY)[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI Awpxy pUrb dOry dOrwn iek vwr ies ngr ivc ruky sn[ mwldw ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw ‘crn pwdukw’ bixAw hoieAw hY jo ik purwxy Sihr ivc kw&I AMdr jw ky hY[ ies gurduAwry ivc iek purwxw KUh hY[ ies qoN ielwvw ie`Qy iek purwxI gwgr Aqy ctwn dI is`l vI r`KI hoeI hY ijs bwry dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik gurU jI nwl vgdI ndI ivcoN ies gwgr ivc pwxI Br ky ies isl ’qy bYT ky ieSnwn krdy huMdy sn[ mwldw dI muK sVk (nYSnl hweIvyA) ’qy inhMgW ny vI iek bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY.

 

gurduAwrw ‘crn pwdukw’

 

gurduAwry ivc r`KIAW purwxI gwgr

 

 

gurduAwry ivc r`KIAW purwxI is`l

 

 

gurduAwrw crn pwdukw ivc purwxw KUh

mksUdwbwd

 

p`CmI bMgwl ivc huglI (BgIrQI) ndI dy kMFy ’qy v`isAw iek ngr jo ATwrHvIN sdI ivc bMgwl, ibhwr Aqy aufIsw dI rwjDwnI sI[ ies dw pihlw nW mksUdwbwd sI, pr sMn 1706 ivc jdoN  nvwb muriSd kulI ^wn ie`QoN dw dIvwn bixAw qW aus ny ies dw nW muriSdwbwd rK id`qw sI[ ies ngr ivc bhuq kImqI pRwcIn iemwrqW A`j vI mOjUd hn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb AwpxI pUrb Xwqrw dorwn ies ngr ivc vI ruky sn.

mkorV

 

G`gr dirAw dy kMFy, izlHw sMgrUr sI mUxk qihsIl dw iek ipMf (mUxk qoN 7 iklomItr dUr) [ hux ies ipMf dw nW mkorV swihb hY[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Dmqwn nUM jWdy ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ pRclq khwxI muqæwibkæ ie`QoN dy gujr gurU swihb kol du`D lY ky Awey sn qW gurU jI ny du`D pIx qoN nWh kr id`qI sI ikauNik auh duD corI kIqy pSUAW dw sI[ ies ’qy gu`jrW ny muAw&I mMgI sI Aqy bcn kIqw sI ik auh muV ky corI nhIN krngy[ gurU jI dy au~Qy Awaux dI Xwd nUM sdIvI krn vwsqy  hrcMd isMG jyjI ny sMn 1953 ivc Awpxy ^rcy ’qy gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN bxvwieAw sI[ hux ies dw pRbMD SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI kol hY.

mkorV gurduAwry dw muK drvwzw

 

mwKovwl (qy mwKo dYNq)

 

mOjUdw AnMdpur swihb mIAWpur, lOdIpur, shotw Aqy mwKovwl ipMfW dy ivckwr dI zmIn ’qy v`isAw hoieAw hY[ mIAWpur, lOdIpur qy shotw dy nW A`j vI kwZzW ivc kwiem hn[ sMn 1665 ivc mwKOvwl ipMf iek Qyh sI[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny ies QW ’qy iek nvyN ipMf dI nINh r`KI sI[Ajoky ‘gurduAwrw gurU dy mhl’ vwlI QW ’qy gurU swihb ny 19 jUn 1665 dy idn iek dr^q dw qxw (mohVI) BweI guridqw (poqw bwbw bu`Fw jI) qoN gfvw ky iek nvyN ipMf dI nINh r`KI sI[ aunHW ies dw nW AwpxI mwqw nwnkI dy nW qy ‘c`k nwnkI’ r`iKAw sI (hux srkwrI kwZzW ivc ies dw nW isr& ‘c`k’ vjoN hI imldw hY)[ ies sbMDI B`t vhIAW ivc ieMv izkr imldw hY: “gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mhl nwmW, swl sqrW sY bweIs, AswF privSty ie`kIs, somvwr ko mwKovwl ky Qyh qy gwm bnwieAw[ nwm c`k nwnkI rwKw” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI)[

 

ies sbMDI iek kwlpink khwxI pRcwrI jWdI rhI sI ik ies QW ’qy mwKo nW dw iek fwkU rihMdw sI, jo gurU jI v`loN ipMf vswaux mgroN ies QW nUM C`f igAw sI[ iek khwxI ivc mwKo dYNq vI iliKAw hY[ ieh swrIAW kwlpink khwxIAW hn[ gurU swihb ny iek purwxy ipMf dI Qyh ’qy ipMf vswieAw sI.

m^dUmpur phoVW

 

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw ^wnyvwl dw iek ipMf (Kwnyvwl qoN qkrIbn 35 iklomItr dUr; Kwnyvwl qy kbIrvwlw dy ivckwr)[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dy SurU ivc nvMbr 1507 ivc ies ipMf ivc gey sn[ jwpdw hY ik kdy ies ipMf dw nW qulMbw huMdw hovygw ikauN gurduAwry dw nW qulMbw swihb hY[ ies QW ’qy aunHW dw myl s`jx T`g nwl hoieAw sI (vyKo: s`jx T`g)[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduArw qulMbw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dI iemwrq sMn 1913 ivc bxweI geI sI[ sMn 1947 qoN ies gurduAwry au~qy srkwr ny kbzw kr ky iek skUl KoilHAw hoieAw hY.

qulMbw swihb dw nyVy dw idRS

 

qulMbw swihb gurduAwry ivc bixAw skUl

 

mghr/mghru

 

au~qr pRdyS dy izlHw sMq kbIr ngr dI ^lIlwbwd qihsIl dw iek ipMf (gorKpur qoN 30 Aqy kwSI (vwrwnsI) qoN 185 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy Bgq kbIr ny AwpxI izMdgI dy Aw^rI swl ibqwey sn; aus dI mOq sMn 1518 ivc ie`Qy hI hoeI sI[ kbIr ny aus mnOq nUM r`d kIqw sI ik ijhVw kwSI (hux vwrwnsI) ivc mrdw hY auh svrg nUM jWdw hY Aqy jo mghr ivc mrdw hY aus nUM mukqI nhIN imldI (ikauNik ieh iSv dyvqy dw srwp hY) qy auh Koqy dI jUn pYNdw hY[ kbIr dI smwDI ies ipMf ivc bxI hoeI hY: mrnu BieAw mghr kI bwsI (326), ikAw kwsI, ikAw aUKru mghru, rwmu irdY jau hoeI (692).

 

mghr ivc Bgq kbIr dI smwDI

mdrws

 

qwimlnwfU sUbw (pihlW ies sUby dw nW vI mdrws sI) dI rwjDwnI; ies dw nvW nW (sMn 1996 qoN) cYneI hY[cYneI pRwcIn siBAqw dw ngr hY[ p`lvrm ivc KudweI qoN pRwcIn siBAqw dIAW inSwnIAW imlIAW hn[  pihlI qoN 12vIN sdI qk ie`Qy col rwijAW dI hkUmq rhI sI[ sMn 1622 ivc ie`Qy purqgwlI Awey sn Aqy aunHW ny pihlw crc kwiem kIqw sI[ sMn 1612 ivc ie`Qy f`c vI Awey sn[ sMn 1367 dy iek somy ivc ivc ies dI bMdrgwh dw nW ‘mdrwsp`tnm’ iliKAw imldw hY[ audoN ieh ivjXngr swmrwj dw ih`sw dI[ Agsq 1639 ivc AMgryzW ny iek Aihdnwmy rwhIN aus hkUmq qoN ieh ngr iek &YktrI lwaux dy nW ’qy ^rId ilAw sI; aus Aihdnwmy muqæwibkæ ieh QW 10 iklomItr mur`bw sI[ aus Aihdnwmy ivc ies ngr dw nW cYneI iliKAw imilAw imldw hY[ sMn 1746 ivc &rWs ny ies ngr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1749 ivc AMgRyzW ny ieh ngr dobwrw Koh ilAw sI[ sMn 1769 mYsr dy rwjy ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ smJOqw hox mgroN ieh ngr iPr AMgRyzW kol irhw sI[ vIhvIN sdI ivc ryl dy Awaux mgroN ies Sihr ny kmwl dI qr`kI kIqI sI[ ies ngr dw rkbw 426 mur`bw iklomItr hY[ ie`QoN dI  AwbwdI sMn 2022 ivc qkrIbn 72 l`K hY (mYtro cYneI dI AwbwdI qkrIbn 90 l`K dy krIb hY)[ ieh Bwrq dw CyvW Aqy dunIAW dw 36vW sB qoN vD AwbwdI vwlw ngr hY[ ie`QoN dIAW bolIAW hn: qwiml (79%), qYlgU (10%); kuJ lok milAwlm, k`nV qy ihMdI vI boldy hn[ ngr ivc 33% lok bwhrly sUibAW dy hn[ ngr vwsIAW ivcoN 80% ihMdU, 10 % muslmwn, 8% eIsweI hn[ ies ngr dI sB qoN v`fI snA`q i&lm ieMfstrI hY.

 

cYneI dy do hvweI idRS

 

cYneI ngr dw iek motrvyA

 

cYneI ’c AMgRyzW dy iklHy dI purwxI qsvIr

 

cYneI dw pRQwswrQI mMidr

 

     gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI sRIlMkw PyrI dOrwn cYneI ngr ivc vI gey sn[ audoN Ajy ieh ngr Awbwd nhIN hoieAw sI; isr& iek in`kw ijhw ipMf sI[cyneI ivc pyrIAwmyt ielwky ivc, kwrpurw strIt ivc, iek mMdr dy AMdr, gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc QVHw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh nhIN ikhw jw skdw ik gurU jI mMdr ivc Tihry sn jW bwAd ivc aus QW ’qy audwsIAW ny mMdr bxw id`qw sI[ies dw pRbMD is`KW kol nhIN hY

kwrpurw strIt cYneI ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwdgwr vwlI iemwrq

 

iemwrq dy AMdr dw idRS

     cYneI ivc iek bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw isMG sBw bixAw hoieAw hY).

mwDo isMGwxIAw

 hirAwxw dy izlHw srsw ivc iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI ny qlvMfI swbo qoN d`Kx jwx smyN srsw (15 iklomItr dUr eylnwbwd ielwky ivc) lMG ky pVwA kIqw sI[ ies ipMf ivc pihlW swry muslmwn hI rihMdy sn ies kr ky koeI gurduAwrw nhIN sI bx sikAw[ 1970ivAW ivc iek inhMg ny iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw sI.

m`do ky

 izlHw mogw ivc AjIqvwl-bDnI mwrg (AjIqvwl qoN 7 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ ie`Qy pRcilq khwxI muqæwibkæ gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies ipMf ivc do vwr Awey sn[ pihlI vwr jdoN auh Awey qW iek cor mtvwxI qoN m`JW corI kr ky ie`Qy lY AwieAw sI Aqy aunHW nUM rMg id`qw hoieAw sI[ gurU jI ny aus nUM aunHW m`JW nUM nuhwaux vwsqy AwiKAw qW aunHW dw BUrw rMg inkl AwieAw sI[ A^Ir cor ny muAw&I mMgI Aqy A`gy qoN corI nw krn dw pRx kIqw[ gurU jI ny ie`Qy iek sukw ruK vI hrw kIqw sI[ ieho ijhIAW keI klipq khwxIAW keI gurUAW nwl juVIAW hoeIAW hn[ ie`QoN gurU jI Gl klW Awid huMdy hoey frolI cly gey sn[ dUjI vwr gurU jI mihrwj dI lVweI mgroN kWgV, q^qUpurw, ckr, lopoN, dODr qoN huMdy ie`Qy Awey sn[ ies vwr aunHW dw myl mwDo dws nW dy iek swDU nwl hoieAw sI[ ie`QoN gurU jI sqluj pwr kr ky krqwrpur (jlMDr) v`l nUM gey sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc grduAwrw gurUsr bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

mdoky ivc kwlpink khwxIAW vwlw borf

mdr

 p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw nwnkwxw swihb dw iek ipMf (BweI PyrU- KuMfw mwrg ’qy)[ ies ipMf ivc iek ig`l goqr dy zmINdwr pirvwr kol iek mMjI sI, ijs bwry aunHW dw dwAvw sI ik ieh gurU nwnk swihb dw plMG sI[ ies kr ky ie`Qy gurduAwry dw nW vI ‘gurduAwrw s`cI mMjI pwqSwhI pihlI’ sI[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU Arjn swihb vI ies ipMf ivc Awey sn Aqy aunHW ny iek is`K nUM iek sotw b^iSAw sI[ gurU Amr dws jI dy joVy dw iek pYr vI ie`Qy sI[ sMn 1947 ivc is`KW nUM ieh gurduAwrw C`fxw ipAw sI[ hux ies iemwrq dw QoVHw ijhw ih`sw hI  bicAw hY

 

mwCIvwVw

 

izlHw luiDAwxw dI smrwlw qihsIl ivc (smrwlw qoN 10, luiDAwxw qoN 33, cmkOr qoN 22 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ies ipMf ivc 8 dsMbr 1705 qoN 10 dsMbr 1705 qIk BweI jIvn isMG dy cObwry ivc rhy sn[ BweI nbI ^wn Aqy ZnI ^wn gurU jI nUM muslmwnW dy &OjI ilbws ivc cmkOr dI gVHI ivcoN bcw ky mwCIvwVw lY Awey sn[gurU goibMd isMG 8 dsMbr 1705 dy idn mwCIvwVw pu`jy sn[ au~Qy aunHW dw pihlw pVwA BweI pMjwby dw bwZ sI[ rwq vyly auh jIvn isMG dy Gr cly gey sn[ auDr cmkOr dI gVHI ivcoN inkly bwkI is`K AwlmgIr qy dInw kWgV v`l rvwnw ho cuky sn[ iqMn idn mwCIvwVw ivc jIvn isMG dy Gr ivc rihx mgroN 11 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gurU jI muslmwnI pIrW vrgy bsqr pihx ky, ‘au~c dw pIr’ bx ky, Ajnyr dy hwjI crwZ dIn qy cwr hor muslmwn murIdW (ienwieq AlI nUrpur, pIr muhMmd sloh, subyg Swh hlvwrw Aqy hsn AlI moTU mwjrw) nwl mwCIvwVw qoN hwjI crwZ dIn dy ipMf Ajnyr v`l c`l pey sn[

     mwCIvwVw ivc iqMn gurduAwry hn: 1. gurduAwrw crn kml swihb (ieh pMjwby dw bwZ sI ij`Qy gurU jI pihlW ruky sn; ie`Qy iek purwxw KUh vI hY) 2. gurduAwrw cObwrw swihb (ieh jIvn isMG dw Gr sI; ie`Qy iek bhuq purwxw v`fw m`t ipAw hY, ijs bwry dwAvw kIqw jWdw hy ik ieh gurU kwl dw hY)) 3. gurduAwrw nbI ^wn ZnI ^wn[ ienHW iqMnW qoN ielwvw nbI ^n qy ZnI ^wn dIAW kbrW nUM is`KW ny Xwdgwr vjoN sMBwl ky r`iKAw hoieAw hY.

 

gurduAwrw crn kml swihb (hvweI idRS)

gurduAwrw crn kml swihb (nyVy dw idRS)

gurduAwrw crn kml swihb ivc purwxw KUh

gurduAwrw cObwrw swihb

gurduAwrw cObwrw swihb ivc purwxw m`t

 

 

gurduAwrw nbI ^wn ZnI ^wn

 

 

kbr nbI ^wn ZnI ^wn

Bupwl/BupwlW

 

izlHw biTMfw dw iek ipMf (mwnsw qoN 14  iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn gey sn Aqy iek rwq ie`Qy rhy sn[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ ipMf dw srkwrI kwZzW ivc nW Bupwl hY.

{qsvIr vwsqy  DMnvwd: hrkIrq isMG AnMdpur swihb}.

 

BuMqr

 

ihmWcl dy izlHw ku`lU ivc iek pRwcIn ipMf (mMfI qoN 60, Aqy ku`lU qoN 6 iklomItr dUr) jo hux iek v`fw ngr bx cukw hY[ ie`Qy iek hvweI A`fw vI bx cukw hY[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI qIjI audwsI dOrwn ies QW ’qy Awey sn[BuMqr ivc gurU nwnk swihb nUM ie`QoN dw cODrI imlx AwieAw sI[ auh cODrI Awp qW bhuq swdw izMdgI ijaUNdw sI pr aus ny gurU swihb nUM bhuq swrIAW kImqI cIzW Byt kIqIAW sn[ gurU swihb ny koeI vI Bytw kbUl nhIN kIqI sI Aqy aus nUM ikhw ik auh aunHW swrIAW cIzW nUM ZrIbW qy loVvMdW ivc vMf dyvy[  ieh sux ky cODrI gurU jI dI S^sIAq qoN hor vI vD pRBwivq hoieAw sI[ hor jgh vW| eyQy vI krwmwq qy vr dI khwxI pRclq hY ik cODrI ny ikhw ik eyQy ByfW dI aun Aqy cwvl qoN isvw kuJ nhIN huMdw[ Awp vr idE ik ieQy Pl, Anwj qy hor cIzW vI pYdw hox[ gurU swihb ny vr id`qw ik jwE quhwnUM swrIAW cIzW Akwl purK qoN lyY id`qIAW hn; hux eyQy sB kuJ pYdw hoieAw krygw[ ieho ijhIAW krwmwqW, vr qy srwp dIAW khwxIAW gurU dI isiKAw dy ault hn pr audwsIAW qy hor pujwrIAW ny ieh GV ky lokW nUM BrmwieAw hoieAw hY[  ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc pihlW iek in`kw ijhw gurduAwrw sI, pr, hux iek Swndwr gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

BuMqr gurduAwrw AMdr dw idRS

BuMqr gurduAwrw purwxI iemwrq

BuMgrnI

 

izlHw hoiSAwrpur ivc (hoiSAwrpur qy PgvwVw qoN 20-20 iklomItr dUr)iek ipMf[ gurU hr rwie swihb kIrqpur qoN krqwrpur jWdy hoey iek vwr ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ ies ipMf ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc pihlW gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihlW isr& in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb sI, pr hux v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY[ ikhw jWdw hY ik kdy ies ipMf ivc iek iklHw vI huMdw sI, pr hux aus dw nW inSwn vI bwkI nhIN hY.

 

BUMdV

 

izlHw mukqsr dI ig`dVbwhw qihsIl dw iek ipMf (ig`Vbwhw qoN 20 iklomItr dUr)[ ies ipMf ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn Awey sn[ grU goibMd isMG jI jnvrI 1706 ivc iKdrwxy dI Fwb (hux mukqsr) qoN qlvMfI swbo jWdy ies QW ruky sn[ ies ipMf dy AaulIAw isMG ny gurU jI dI SrDw nwl syvw kIqI sI[ ipMf ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurUsr pwqSwhI CyvIN bixAw hoieAw hY[  pihlW gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN sI; hux aunHW dI Xwd ivc vI iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw hY

 

gurduAwrw CyvIN pwqSwhI ivc l`gw borf

gurduAwrw dsvIN pwqSwhI

(dsvIN pwqSwhI dy gurduAwry dI qsvIr vwsqy DMnvwd: nvdIp suKI, hY~f tIcr, TMFyvwlw).

 

BuMmx Swh

 izlHw EkwVHw dI qihsIl dIpwlpur ivc (dIpwlpur qoN 24 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ sMn 1947 qk ies ipMf ivc BuMmx Swh (14.4.1687-1762) dw fyrw kwiem sI ij`Qy hr vyly lMgr cldw rihMdw sI[ BuMmx Swh gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ aus vyly ieh fyrw bhuq v`fw sI[ ies dI iemwrq iek iklHy dw BulyKw pwauNdI sI[ hux ieh iemwrq iek Qyh vrgI hwlq ivc hY[ fyry nwl sbMDq lokW muqæwibkæ ienHW kol 18 hzwr eykV zmIn sI[ BUMmx Swh dy huMidAW ieh iek gurduAwrw sI; pr aus qoN mgroN ieh iek audwsI fyrw bx igAw sI[

     sMn 1947 ivc ies fyry dy g`dIdwr pUrbI pMjwb (hux hirAwxw) ivc izlHw srsw dy ipMf sMgr swDW ivc Aw gey sn Aqy aunHW ny BuMmx Swh vwlI jwiedwd dw klym mMigAw sI[ aus bdly aunHW nUM 1600 eykV zmIn imlI sI[ ies zmIn ’qy hux iek bhuq v`fw fyrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ikauNik BuMmx Swh kMboA ibrwdrI nwl sbMD rKdw sI ies kr ky ies fyyry nUM kMboA Awpxw m`kw-mdInw kihMdy hn[ BwvyN ies dy pRbMDk ies nUM gurduAwrw vI kihMdy hn, pr hux ies dw gurduAwrw vwlw rUp ^qm ho cukw hY; ieh hux isr& audwsIAW dy fyry vWg cldw hY.

  

BuMmx Swh dI pwiksqwn ivclI iemwrq

fyry dI sMgr swDW (hirAwxw) vwlI iemwrq

Bu`co klW

 

izlHw biTMfw ivc (biTMfw qoN 18 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf (jo hux v`fw ksbw bx cukw hY)[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ ieh ipMf BgqUvMSI idAwl dws ny Awbwd kIqw sI[ ie`Qy iek gurduAwrw “lvyrIsr, fyrw bwbw sMg isMG” bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwry ivc l`gy borf muqæwibkæ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb, gurU hirgoibMd swihb qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb Awey sn[ ies borf muqæwibkæ ie`Qy hI rwjw ibnY pwl ny 12 swl rih ky XogIAW dI syvw kr ky Awpxw rwj kwiem kIqw sI Aqy biTMfw dw iklHw bxvwieAw sI[ ieh mMinAw jw skdw hY ik gurU goibMd isMG jI ie`Qy Awey hox pr bwkI swrI khwxI kwlpink hY[ ies gurduAwry dy nW (lvyrIsr, fyrw bwbw sMg isMG) qoN hI pqw lg jWdw hY ik ieh iek fyrw hY nw ik gurduAwrw hY.

gurduAwry (fyry) ivc l`gw borf

Borw swihb gurduAwrw

 

ies nW dy keI gurduAwry hn[ ieh mOjUdw zmwny dIAW bysmYN~t vW| sn[ ieh grmIAW ivc TMFy Aqy srdIAW ivc in`Gy rihMdy sn; ies kr ky lok GrW ivc ieh bxwauNdy sn[ kuJ lokW ny ienHW nwl qp krn dw JUT joV id`qw sI[ Borw swihb nW dy gurduAwry bkwlw (hux bwbw bkwlw), guru dy mihl  (AMimRqsr Aqy AnMdpur swihb ivc ‘gurU dy mihl’ gurduAwirAW ivc bxy hoey hn[ do ShIdI QWvW ’qy vI Borw swihb nW hyT XwdgwrW bxIAW hoeIAW hn: id`lI sIsgMj id`lI (guru qyZ bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI vwlI QW) Aqy purwxy srhMd, hux &qhgVH swihb, (in`ky swihbzwidAW nUM nINh ivc icxy jwx vwlI QW ’qy).

iB`KI

 

mwnsw izlHy ivc (mwnsw qoN 17 iklomItr dUr) iek ksbw[ AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ies ksby ivc (jo audoN Ajy iek ipMf sI) ruky sn[ ipMf vwsI do qrKwx pirvwrW Aqy iek bwxIAw pirvwr ny gurU swihb dI bhuq syvw kIqI sI[ ies ipMf dw dysU cwhl, jo sKI srvr dw cylw sI is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw sI pr grU jI dy jwx mgroN aus dI pqnI ny aus nUM muV sKI srvr dy lV lw id`qw sI (vyKo: dysU)[ ipMf ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwry dI pihlI iemwrq pitAwlw dy rwjy krm isMG ny bxvweI sI.

 

iB`KI ipMf dw gurduAwrw

BvwnIgVH

 izlHw sMgrUr dw iek ksbw (sMgrUr qoN 19 iklomItr dUr), jo hux iek qihsIl dw hY~fkuAwrtrz hY[ ies dw purwxw nW Fofy vI sI[ sMn 1749 ivc ie`Qy rwjw Awlw isMG ny iek k`cw iklHw bxwieAw sI[ ies ngr ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek Swndwr gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

B`Tw swihb

 

ropV ngr dy iblkul nwl lgdy (3 iklomItr dUr) ipMf kotlw inhMg ^wn ivc iek gurduAwrw[ ies gurduAwry bwry do kwlpink khwxIAW mShUr hn[ iek khwxI muqæwibkæ gurU hir rwie swihb dw pu`qr rwm rwie ie`Qy AwieAw qW aus dy pYr r`Kx nwl bldw hoieAw ieh B`Tw TMFw ho igAw sI[ dUjI khwxI muqæwibkæ gurU goibMd isMG jI dy GoVy dy pYr rKidAW hI bldw hoieAw ieh B`Tw TMFw ho igAw sI[ ieh drAsl iek purwxw B`Tw sI jo bldy hoey ’qy BwrI mINh pYx nwl nkwrw ho igAw sI[ aus dy iKMgr A`j vI mOjUd hn[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb qoN gurU goibMd isMG qk swry gurU ies ngr ivc BweI Sms ^wn dy smyN qoN aus dy pVpoqy BweI inhMg ^wn dy smyN qk AwauNdy rhy sn[ mgroN jIvn isMG (ipMf bu`Fw Borw) ny gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc ie`Qy iek gurduAwrw bxw id`qw sI jo hux iek bhuq v`fI iemwrq bx cukw hY[ ies QW ’qy purwxy nwkwrw B`Ty dy iKMgr hox kr ky ies dw nW ‘gurduAwrw B`Tw swihb’ cl ipAw sI[ ies gurduAwry dy qih-^wny ivc B`Ty dy iKMgr dI inSwnI sMBwl ky r`KI hoeI hY[ au~Qy gurU jI dy GoVy dy suMmW dy kwlpink inSwn vI bxwey hoey hn[ ie`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dI ktw Aqy qlvwr vI sMBwly pey hn (gurU jI ny ieh inSwnIAW BweI inhMg ^wn pirvwr nUM id`qIAW sn).  hor vyKo: kotlw inhMg ^wn, mumqwj.

 

purwxy B`Ty dy iKMgr

 

gurU swihb dy Ssqr

 

 

Btnyr (hnUmwngVH) qy kwlI bMgw

 

id`lI qoN 400, gMgwngr qoN 243, biTMfw qoN 110 iklomItr dUr, rwijsQwn ivc iek pRwcIn ngr (hux ies dw nW hnUmwngVH hY, jo iek izlHw vI hY)[ ieh ngr G`gr-hwkrw (purwxw srsvqI) dirAw dy kMFy qy visAw hoieAw hY[ ieh ngr sMn 255 ivc rwjw BUpq ny vswieAw sI[ aus ny ie`Qy iek iklHw bxwauxw vI surU kIqw sI[ ies ielwky ivc 5000 swl purwxI pRwcIn siBAqw dIAW inSwnIAW kwlIbMgw (hnUmwngVH qoN 25 iklomItr) qy pIlIbMgw (hnUmwngVH qoN 28 iklomItr) ivcoN imldIAW hn[ sMn 1391 ivc muZl hmlwvr qImUr (qYmUr) ny rwE dulwcMd vyly hmlw kr ky Btnyr dy iklHy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ pr mgroN bIkwnyr dy rwE jYqwjI (sMn 1526-1542) ny ies iklHy ’qy muV kbzw kr ilAw sI[ rwjw sUrq isMh (sMn 1787-1828) ny Btnyr dw nW hnUmwngVH rK id`qw sI[ Btnyr ivc sdIAW purwxw iklHw A`j vI mOjUd hY.

kwlIbMgw ivc pRwcIn sIBAqw dIAW inSwnIAW

Bwruc/bVoc

 

(pRwikRq BruAc@C; ApBRMS BruXc@C; sMsikRq Brukk@S)

 ieh gujrwq sUby dw iek v~fw Sihr hY[ AMgRyzW vyly ies ngr dw nW bVoc sI[ hux srkwrI kwZzW ivc ies dw nW Bwruc hY[ imQhws muqæwibkæ ies ngr dw nW iBRgU irSI (bRhmw dy ds puqrW ivcoN iek) dy nW ’qy ipAw sI[ iBRgU irSI Aqy lkSmI ieh jgh ’qy kw&I dyr qk rhy sn[ iek hor irvwieq muqæwibkæ vwmn ny rwjw bil qoN FweI krm DrqI iesy QW ’qy mMgI sI[ skMd purwx ivc ies jgh ’qy ihMdUAW dy 55 qIrQW dy hox dw izkr imldw hY[ Bwgvq purwx, iSv purwx, skMd purwx, kurm purwx, mqsX purwx,  rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq, swirAW ivc ies ngr dw izkr imldw hY[ ies vkq ies ngr dI 60% AwbwdI muslmwnW dI hY[

     Bwruc dw sbMD is`K ieiqhws nwl vI hY[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI iek audwsI dOrwn ies ngr ivc vI gey sn[ ivc aus smyN sMinAwsIAW dy bhuq swry fyry sn[ ies jgh gurU swihb ny sMinAwsIAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI sI Aqy sMinAws dI jgh gRihsqI izMdgI ijaUx dI AhmIAq d`sI sI[ ij~Qy gurU swihb Tihry sn, au~Qy ‘gurduAwrw cwdr swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh jgh nrmdw dirAw dy kMFy ’qy, bVoc rylvy stySn dy bhuq nyVy hY[ ies gurduAwry dy nwl vI iek krwmwqI khwxI ‘gurU jI dy cwdr nwl dirAw pwr krn’ dI joVI hoeI hY, ijs qoN ies gurduAwry dw nW bxw idqw igAw sI.

 

BrqgVH

 

izlHw ropV ivc (ropV qoN 18 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ruky sn[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc pihlW iek in`kw ijhw gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw sI, pr hux iek bhuq v`fw grduAwrw bx cukw hY.

 

BrqgVH purwxI iemwrq bxn smyN (1934)

 

BrqgVH purwxI iemwrq

 

 

BrqgVH nvIN iemwrq

BwxoKyVI

 

izlHw qy qihsIl AMbwlw ivc (AMbwlw qoN 12 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI bcpn ivc Kyfdy sn[ gurU jI sMn 1672 ivc ptnw qoN Awpxy nwnky ipMf lKnOr pu`jy sn; audoN aunHW dI aumr pOxy 9 swl sI[ iek khwxI muqæwibkæ vwr iek vwr auh hor b`icAW nwl rl ky ies jgh ’qy Kyf rhy sn ik aunHW dI iK`do (gyNd) ie`Qy iek C`pV dy nyVy iek  dr^q kol jw if`gI sI[ aus dr^q ivc iek v`fw s`p rihMdw sI[ bwl gurU jI jdoN gyNd cu`kx vwsqy ies pwsy jwx lgy qW swirAW ny roikAw ies dr^q ivc iek s`p hY, ies kr ky ies pwsy vwl nw jwE, pr gurU jI ny pRvwh nhIN kIqI sI[ jdoN auh nyVy pu`jy sn qW scmuc s`p Aw inkl AwieAw sI[ gurU jI ny iek qIr nwl aus s`p nUM mwr id`qw sI[ iek khwxI muuqæwibkæ ieh s`p iek rw^S sI ijs dw gurU jI ny au~Dwr kr id`qw sI[

     ies gurduAwry ivc l`gy borf ivc iek hor khwxI vI joV id`qI geI hY ik C`pV dy kol kuJ jnm jnmWqrW dy kohVI bYTy sn; aunHW ny gurU jI nUM ikhw sI ik swfw vI au~Dwr kro; bwl gurU jI ny aunHw dw vI au~Dwr kr id`qw sI[  ieh khwxIAW GVn vwly ny aus C`pV (jo hux qlwA bxw id`qw igAw hY) nUM ieh vI vr idvw id`qw hY ik ijhVw ie`Qy SrDw nwl nhwvygw aus dy duK klyS dUr hoxgy Aqy aus dIAW murwdW pUrIAW hoxgIAW[ ieh khwxI 100% kwlpink hY ikauN ik iek b`cw KyfidAW Awpxy nwl qIr kmwn nhIN cu`kI iPrdw huMdw[ ikauNik gurU jI ie`Qy gyNd nwl Kyfdy huMdy sn ies kr ies gurduAwry dw nW gyNd swihb r`iKAw igAw sI.

 

gurduAwry ivc l`gw hoieAw borf

 

BMgwxI

 BMgwxI ihmwcl dy isrmOr izlHy ivc (pwauNtw swihb qo 18 iklomItr dUr) iek in`kw ijhw ipMf hY[ ies QW ’qy 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn is`K qvwrI^ dI iek Aihm lVweI lVI geI sI[

     guruU goibMd isMG jI ApRYl 1685 ivc c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur) qoN nwhn gey sn[ gurU swihb kuJ idn nwhn dy rwjy dy mhl ivc Tihry sn Aqy ielwky dIAW sMgqW ƒ inhwl  kIqw sI[ ies dOrwn rwjy ny gurU swihb ƒ Arz kIqI sI ik auh aus dI irAwsq ivc invws r`Kx[ gurU jI ny aus dy jzbwq vyKdy hoey irAwsq dw dOrw kr kyy dirAw jmnw dy kMFy mOjUdw pwauNtw vwlI jgHw ’qy iek nvW ngr vswaux dw &Yslw kIqw sI[ pwauNtw dI nINh gurU swihb ny 29 AprYl 1685 dy idn, dIvwn nMd cMd sMGw koloN Ardws krvw ky, BweI rwm kuMvr (KMfy dI pwhul mgroN BweI gurbKS isMG) dy h`QoN moVHI gfvw ky rKvweI sI[ gurU jI Agly iqMn swl pMj mhIny pwauNtw swihb ivc Tihry sn[

     ie`Qy rihMidAW, 18 isqMbr 1688 dy idn, gVHvwl dy rwjy &qy Swh ny rwmrwey dy msMd gurb^S dy BVkwaux ’qy gurU jI ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ ies mOky ’qy ipMf BMgwxI ivc bVI zbrdsq jMg hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc gurU swihb ny &qih Swh dIAW POjW ƒ burI qrHW iSksq id`qI sI[ ies lVweI ivc kuJ is`K vI mwry gey sn[ ies bwry B`t vhIAW ivc ies dw izkr ieM\ imldw hY :“aUdIAw bytw Kymy cMdnIey kw, rmwnW, gurU kI bUAw ky byty sMgo Swh, jIq m`l byty swDU ky poqy Drmy Kosly KqrI ky gYl rn BUmI myN Awey[ swl sqrW sY pYNqwlIs Asuj pRivSty ATwrW, BMgwxI ky mlHwn jmnw igrI ky miDAwn, rwj nwhn, eyk GrI idhuM Kly jUJMqy sUirEN gYl swmyNH mwQy jUJ kr mrw, gYloN hTI cMd bytw mweI dws kw….jlHwnw blauNq mwrw igAw[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw rmwinEN kw).    

     BMgwxI ivc ies lVweI dI Xwd ivc do gurduAwry hn: iek gurduAwrw BMgwxI swihb (ij`Qy dohW &OjW ivckwr lVweI hoeI sI) qy dUjw qIrgVH swihb (aus phwVI ’qy ij`QoN gurU goibMd isMMG jI qIr clw rhy sn).

gurduAwrw BMgwxI swihb

qIrgVH swihb

Blwx

 

izlHw ropV dI AnMdpur qihsIl dw iek ipMf (AnMdpur qoN 8 qy nMgl qoN 12 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU goibMd isMG jI iek vwr ie`Qy 19 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn, bswlI irAwsq ivc 15 idn rihx smyN, iSkwr krn gey ruky sn[

     ie`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc mukwmI sMgqW ny gurduAwrw dsmySgVH bxwieAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwry dI nvIN iemwrq bhuq Swndwr hY[ ies gurduAwry bwry igAwnI igAwn isMG ny iliKAw hY ik gurU jI ny ie`Qy muZl jrnYl Al& ^wn (iek ivdvwn ny idlvwr ^wn Aqy aus dy pu`qr) nUM BjwieAw sI; ieh Zlq hY[ ies QW kdy lVweI nhIN hoeI sI[ gurU jI ies ielwky ivc iSkwr Kyfx gey hoey sn.

 

 

(qsvIr vwsqy ^ws DMnvwd:  kuldIp isMG ‘dIpI sYr’ (ibRimMGm, ieMglYNf).

 

 

BYxI bwhgw

 

izlHw mwnsw dy ipMf BYxI bwhgw (mwnsw qoN 10 iklomItr dUr) ivc iek gurduAwrw[ mwlvw dOry dOrwn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb iKAwlw qoN idK jw rhy sn ik ies QW gurU jI dy GoVy dI rkwb dw Gwsw (qsmw) tu`t igAw sI qy aunHW ny ie`Qy ruk ky auh Gwsw gMFvwieAw sI[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc pihlW iek mMjI swihb bxvwieAw igAw sI; sMn 1970 ivc ieh v`fw gurduAwrw rkwbsr pwqSwhI nOvIN bxwieAw igAw sI.

gurduAwrw rkwbsr pwqSwhI nOvIN ipCly pwisEN

BweI rUpw

 

izlHw biTMfw dI PUl qihsIl ivc (idAwlpurw BweIkw qoN 5, rwmpurw PUl qoN 18 qy biTMfw qoN 42 iklomItr dUr), BweI rUp cMd (sMn 1614-1709) dy nW ’qy sMn 1631 ivc v`isAw hoieAw iek ipMf (jo hux ksbw bx cukw hY)[ BweI rUp cMd dy vwrsW dw dwAvw hY ik rUp cMd ny ieh ipMf gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy kihx ’qy vswieAw sI[ ieh Gr hux iek iksm dw Ajwieb Gr bx cukw hY[ au~Qy iek purwxw rQ (r`Q) ipAw hoieAw hY[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh rQ igAwn cMd (BweI rUpw dw iek poqrw) rwm rwey dy fyry (Kurv`DI, hux fyhrwdUn) qoN sMn 1704 ivc lY ky AwieAw sI[ ies pirvwr dw dwAvw hY ik ieh rQ kSmIr dy ^udw b^S ny bxw ky gurU rwm dws swihb nUM ByNt kIqw sI[ ies nUM gurU Arjn swihb, gurU hrgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU hir rwie swihb ny vriqAw sI[ ies pirvwr dw ieh vI dwAvw hY ik gurU hirgoibMd jIny lMgr clwaux vwsqy BweI rUpw nUM iek doDwrw KMfw, iek kVCw qy iek loh Byt kIqy sn[ ies borf muqæwibkæ ibDI cMd CInw ny idlbwZ qy gulbwZ nW dy do GoVy gurU jI ies QW ilAw ky Byt kIqy sn (hwlWik GoiVAW vwlI khwxI kwlpink hY)[

     ies iemwrq dy nwl hI gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy nW ’qy iek gurduAwrw vI bxwieAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry ivc l`gy iek borf muqæwibkæ ies ipMf dI moVHI gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny 16 ivswK 1686 (12 ApRYl 1630) dy idn au~cy it`by qy g`fI sI (ieh qwrI^ vI Zlq hY 16 ivswK sMmq 1686 sMNn 1629 bxdw hY) Aqy 6 mhIny 9 idn ie`Qy rhy sn; pr, ieiqhws muqæwibkæ gurU swihb Awp ie`Qy kdy nhIN rhy sn[ hor qW hor sMn 1705 ivc jdoN gurU gooibMd isMG jI AnMdpur dw iqAwg kr ky qlvMfI swbo nUM gey sn qW audoN vI auh BweI rUpw dy vMSjW nUM dInw ipMf ivc hI imly sn (audoN idAwlpurw BweIkw dw vI vjUd nhIN sI)[ pr ies ivc koeI Sk nhIN ik BweI rUpw Aqy aunHW dy pirvwr dw gurU jI nwl bhuq nyVy dw sbMD sI.

 

BweI rUpw dw Gr Aqy gurduAwrw nwlo-nwl

 

BweI rUpw dy Gr ivc ipAwrw purwxw rQ

BweI rUpw ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN

 

BweI rUpw gurduAwry ivc l`gw borf

 

 

BwgU

 izlHw biTMfw ivc (Bu`co Kurd qoN 4 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI iek vwr gey sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwh dsvIN bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwry ivc l`gy iek borf muqæwibkæ gurU goibMd isMG jI ie`Qy 19 hwV 1763 (17 jUn 1706) dy idn Awey sn[ aunHW nwl mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy swihb kOr vI sn[ ie`Qy Bu`co Kurd dy cODrI idAwl dws ny gurU jI vwsqy kVwh bxw ky ByijAw sI[ gurU jI ny aus dw kVwh kbUl nhIN kIqw sI ikauNik aus ny 29 mwrc 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo ivc rMGryt is`KW h`QoN KMfy dI pwhul lYx qoN nWh kIqI sI[ jdoN idAwl dws ny AwpxI ZlqI dI muAw&I mMgI  Aqy KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI qW gurU jI ny aus dw ilAWdw kVwh sMgq ivc pRSwd vjoN vrqwieAw sI {auN\ ieh khwxI shI nhIN hY ik qlvMfI swbo ivc rMGryitAW ny KMfy dI pwhul id`qI sI; au~Qy pwhul dyx vwilAW ivcoN iksy dI vI zwq dw izkr iksy vI ieiqhwsk somy ivc nhIN imldw}.

BwgU gurduAwry ivc l`gw borf

Bgqw qy Bgqw BweI kw

 izlHw biTMfw dw iek ipMf (jYqo qoN qkrIbn  27 qy kotkpUrw qoN 35 iklomItr dUr)[ ieh ie`ko ipMf hY pr ieh do ipMf mMny jWdy hn: Bgqw Aqy Bgqw BweI kw[ ies nUM BweI bihlo (vyKo: bihlo, BweI) dy pMjW ivcoN sB qoN in`ky pu`qr Bgqw ny vswieAw sI[ hux ieh iek qihsIl bx cukw hY[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq nUM AnMdpur dw iqAwg krn mgroN, gurU goibMd isMG jI qlvMfI swbo nUM jWdy hoey, ies ngr ivc 25 dsMbr 1705 dy idn Awey sn Aqy iek rwq ie`Qy rhy sn[mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU hirgoibMd swihb vI ie`Qy Awey sn[ gurU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN qy dsvIN’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy purwxy vyilAW dw iek KUh vI hY[

     ies ipMf ivc iek gurduAwrw ‘mihl swihb’ vI hY (jo vkqI qOr ’qy bMd kIqw hoieAw hY.

Bgqw dw purwxw KUh (BUqW vwlw KUh)

 

gurduAwrw mihl swihb

 

BgVwnw

 izlHw &qihgVH dI &qihgVH qihsIl dw iek ipMf (rwjpurw qoN 20 Aqy srwey bnjwrw qoN 10 iklomItr dUr)[ &qihgVH izlHw bxn qoN pihlW ieh ipMf pitAwlw izlHw dw ih`sw sI[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn iek vwr ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ ies ipMf dy BweI AmrU qy idAwlw ny gurU swihb dI qih-idl qoN syvw kIqI sI (ies irvwieq muqæwibkæ cmkOr ivc ShId hox vwly mdn isMG qy koTw/kwTw isMG ies BweI idAwlw dy pu`qr sn)[ ie`Qy pihlI iemwrq mhwrwjw krm isMG pitAwlw ny bxweI sI[ hux bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY.

 

 

 

BwgI bWdr

 izlHw biTMfw ivc qlvMfI swbo qoN 3 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI sMn 1706 ivc gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw jMfsr bixAw hoieAw hY[ irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU swihb ny Awpxw GoVw ies jMf nwl bMinHAw sI.

 

 gurduAwry ivc purwxw jMf dw ru`K

 

BdOV

 izlHw brnwlw ivc (brnwlw qoN 25 iklomItr dUr) iek ksbw[ PUlkIAW ^wndwn dy bwnI bwbw PUl dw pu`qr rwm isMG ie`Qy rihMdw sI[ aus dy dovyN pu`qr duMnw isMG qy Awlw isMG aus dy nwl rihMdy sn[ Awlw isMG 17 swl dI aumr ivc brnwly clw igAw sI[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ AkwlI PUlw isMG vI kuJ swl ie`Qy irhw sI[ is`K ivdvwn Aqr isMG BdOV vI ies ksby nwl sbMDq sI (vyKo: Aqr isMG BdOV)[ sMn 1857 qk ieh iek Awzwd irAwsq sI[ iPr ieh  pitAwlw irAwsq dw ih`sw bx igAw  sI[ ikhw Wdw hY ik kdy ie`Qy A`T iklHy (iklHw-numw hvylIAW) huMdy sn[

     gurU goibMd isMG 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq nUM AnMdpur dw iqAwg krn mgroN q^qUpurw qoN mDyA ho ky dInw kWgV jWidAW  20 dsMbr 1705 dy idn  ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ BdOV ivc dIvwn swihb isMG iCbr dw pu`qr crn dws rihMdw sI[ gurU jI ny aus dy fyry ’qy pVwA kIqw sI[ jdoN ipMf dy muKIey Awsw isMG nUM gurU jI dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW auh gurU jI nUM Awpxy Gr lY igAw sI[ ie`Qy aunHW ny iek rwq invws kIqw sI[ mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI BdOV ivc gey sn[ ipMf ivc iqMn gurduAwry bxy hoey hn: gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN pwqSwhI bYrUnI, gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIM sohIAwxw swihb, gurduAwrwvdsvIN pwqSwhI AMdrUnI.

BdOV ivc iek purwxw iklHw

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN bYrUnI

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN sohIAwxw swihb

 

gurduAwrw kwlXMqr pwsSwhI dsvIN

 

vzIrwbwd

 p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw gujrWvwlw dw iek ngr jo JnW dirAw dy kMFy ’qy v`isAw hoieAw hY (gujrwq qoN 12 Aqy gujrWvwlw qoN 30 iklomItr dUr)[ ies ngr nUM  hkIm vzIr ^wn (jo lwhOr dw sUbydwr sI) ny vswieAw sI[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb AwpxI kSmIr PyrI qoN pMjwb vwpsI smyN ie`Qy ruky sn[gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw sI[ gurU jI Kym cMd nW dy iek SrDwlU dy koTy ivc Tihry sn ijs kr ky gurduAwry dw nW ‘gurU koTw’ jwixAw igAw sI[ audoN ieh iek in`kw ijhw ipMf sI, hux bhuq v`fw Sihr bx cukw hY[ gurduAwry dy nwl dI glI dw nW Aj vI ‘gurU koTw strIt’ hY[ gurduAwry dy nW 13 eykV zmIn hY[ ies nwl iek srovr vI sI[ hux ies iemwq ’qy iek pUrbI pMjwb qoN Awey iek mhwjr pirvwr dw kbzw hY.

 

 

 

ivrk

 izlHw luiDAwxw dI jgrwEN qihsIl dw iek ipMf (jgrwEN qoN 19 iklomItr dUr)[ iek vwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb isDvW Kurd qoN AwauNdy hoey ies ipMf ivc ruky sn; aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw mMjI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

ivjXngr

 ivjXngr d`Kx ivc siQq iek swmrwj sI ijs nUM Xwdv vMS dy gopwl ^wndw dy do BrwvW hirhr rwie Aqy bu`kw rwie ny sMn 1336 ivc kwiem kIqw sI[ aunHW ny Awpxy gurU dy nW ’qy ies dw nW ivjXngr riKAw sI[  ies nUM ibsnygr swmrwj Aqy krxt swmrwj vI kihMdy hn[ ies swmrwj dw vjUd sMn 1646 qIk (310 swl) kwiem irhw sI[ ies dI rwjDwnI hMpI sI, ijsy KMfr Aj vI AwpxI Swn dw iezhwr krdy hn[ ies rwj dIAW h`dW mOjUdw kyrl, mdrws (qwimlnwfU), mYsUr (krnwtk) sUibAW qIk sn; ies ivc goAw qy pWfIcrI (pufucrI) vI Swiml sn[ ies qoN ielwvw AWDrw Aqy mhWrwStr dw kuJ ih`sw vI ies swmrwj ivc Swiml sI[ ies ivc ikRSnw qy quMgBdrw ndIAW dw Aihm QW sn[ ikRSnw ndI ivjXngr Aqy bhmnI rwj dI srh`d mMn leI geI sI; ieM\ hI quMgBdrw ndI iqlMgwnw dI h`d mMnI jWdI sI[

ies swmrwj au~qy sMgm vMS (sMn 1336  qoN 1485), sluv vMS  (sMn 1485 qoN 1503), quluv vMS (sMn 1503 qoN 1542), ArivMdu vMS (sMn 1542-1646) dw rwj irhw sI[ ies dy muK rwjy hirhr rwie, bu`k rwie, ikRSn dyv Awid sn[ ikRSn dyv rwie (hkUmq dw smW sMn 1509 qoN 1529 qIk) kol fyF l`K GoVsvwr, 88 hzwr pYdl &Oj, 20 hzwr rQ, 64 hzwr hwQI, fyF l`K GoVy qy 15 hzwr qopW sn[ ieh lok SYv Drm nUM mMndy sn[ kMnV qYlgU, qwiml muK bolIAW sn[ rwjDwnI hMpI Aqy hor QWvW ’qy bxy mMdr Aqy kuJ qbwh ho cuky mMdrW Aqy hor iemwrqW dy KMfr ies dI blMdI dw ieiqhws hn.

 

ivjXngr swmrwj dIAW h`dW

 

ivjXngr dI rwjDwnI hMpI dy KMfr

 

 

hMpI ddw muK bwzwr (mwrkIt)

 

 

rwxI dI bwaulI

 

 

mInwkSI mMidr Aqy dUr mdurwie ngr dw idRS

 

 ivjXngr dw vIrUpkS mMidr

 

vIrUpkS mMidr ivc kwmuk bu`q

 

iv`Tl mMidr ivc p`Qr dw rQ

 

ivjXngr dw rwjy dw qrwzU

 

 

vYroky

 izlHw AMimRqsr dI qihsIl Ajnwlw dw iek ipMf (Ajnwlw qoN 15 qy AMimRqsr qoN 25 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy iek vwr gurU nwnk swihb gey sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw byr swihb bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

vyeIN

(sMsikRq vyixhæ, vyxI) 1. pwxI dw pRvwh  2. pMjwb ivc Aijhy do pRvwh hn ijnHW nUMN byeIN/vyeIN ndI khw jWdw hY:

 kwlI byeIN: ieh izlHw hoiSAwpur dI qihsIl dsUhw dy ipMf DnoAw ivcoN inkl ky izlHw kpUrQlw dy pRwcIn ksby sulqwnpur loDI ivcoN huMdI hoeI 160 iklomItr dw s&r qYA kr ky hrIky p`qx qoN 15 iklomItr pihlW sqluj dirAw ivc jw ifgdI hY (sulqwnpur loDI vc ies ndI dy kMFy ’qy gurU nwnk swihb nhwieAw krdy sn).

 ictI byeIN: ieh izlHw hoiSAwrpur ivc gVHSMkr dy nyiVEN inkl ky izlHw nvWSihr, izlHw kpUrQlw (PgvwVw dy nyVy) ivc chyVU koloN lMGdI hoeI, izlHw jlMDr (nkodr) koloH huMdI hoeI sqluj dirAw ivc jw ifgdI hY.

v`lw ipMf

 

AMimRqsr Sihr qoN 7 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf, jo hux Sihr dw iek ih`sw bx cukw hY[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ies ipMf ivc gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) qoN 23 nvMbr 1664 dy idn pu`jy sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw koTw swihb Aqy gurduAwrw guirAwxw swihb bxy hoey hn[ ies ipMf ivc gurU jI dy Awaux sbMDI kvI sMqoK isMG ny gur pRwpq sUrj gRMQ ivc iek g`p khwxI ilK mwrI sI ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb gurU dw c`k Awey qW DIrmlIAW ny drvwzy bMd kr ley[ ieh g`l shI nhINN hY ikauNik aus vyly gurU dw c`k dI syvw sMBwl DIr m`l kol nhIN sI blik ipRQI cMd (mIxw) dy poqy hir jI kol sI[ ieh lyKk DIr m`l dI bkwlw ivc kIqI swizS nMU gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc kIqI bxw dyNdy hn[ dUjw, drvwzy bMd krnw vI shI nhIN hY[ audoN drbwr swihb ivc ikqy koeI drvwzw nhIN sI[ hor qW hor drbwr swihb dI pirkrmw vI bhuq bwAd ivc (sMn 1830 qoN mgroN) bxI sI[ qIjw, ieh lyKk gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vloN gurU dw c`k dy lokW nMU ‘AMbrsrIey AMdrsVIey’ dw srwp dyx dw izkr krdy hn[ idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik gurU swihb dy vyly qW kI ies qoN iek sO swl mgroN vI gurU dw c`k dw nW AMimRqsr nhINN sI bixAw[ cOQw,  gurU swihb srwp vI nhINN sn dy skdy[

ieh vI idlcsp hY ik ieho ijhw prcwr krn vwly lyKkW muqæwibkæ ik “jd v`ly dIAW bIbIAW nUM pqw lgw ik guru qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM drbwr swihb ivc vVn nhIN idqw igAw qW ieh bIbIAW gurU dw c`k AweIAW Aqy aunHW ny drbwr swihb ’qy kwbz toly nUM lwAnqW pweIAW[ ies mgroN aunHW ny guru swihb nUM drbwr ivc dw^l hox idqw igAw[” vwry vwry jweIey Aijhy qvwrI^ lyKkW Aqy ijEgrw&Iey dy mwihrW qoN[ v`lw ipMf gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) qoN s`q iklomItr dUr hY qy sMn 1664 ivc gurU jI dw au~Qy jwxw, mweIAW nUM hwl dsxw (jW pqw lgxw), mweIAW dw gurU dw c`k jwxw qy iPr gurU swihb dw muV au~Qy jwxw Aqy drbwr swihb ivc m`Qw tykxw; ieh swrw kuJ AjIb qvwrI^ lyKk ieko idn ivc krvw dyNdy hn[ Swied bIbIAW nUM mobweIl ’qy ^br imlI hovy qy aunHW kol hYlIkwptr vI hovy? ieho ijhy gpOVy-hYlIkwptr mhWBwrq qy rwmwiex ivc vI d`sy hoey hn[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ieh khwxI iksy Aijhy lyKk, ijs nMU AMimRqsr dy lokW ny iezq nhIN b^SI hoxI, ny AMimRqsr vwsIAW nUM bdnwm krn vwsqy GVI sI. 

gurduAwrw koTw swihb

 

 

gurduAwrw guirAwxw swihb

vYSno dyvI

 jMmU kSmIr dy irAwsI izlHy ivc ktVw ksby dy nyVy (ktVw qoN 13 iklmItr dUr) iqRkUt phwVW ivc smuMdr ql qoN 5200 Pu`t dI aucweI qy vYSxo dyvI dy nW qy iek mMidr bixAw hoieAw hY[ ihMdU ies dyvI nuM pwrvqI, srsvqI qy lCmI dw Avqwr mMndy hn[ ies nUM ivSnU dI BgqxI d`isAw hY[ ieh iek gu&w ivc BgqI krdI huMdI sI[ iek qWiqRk BYroN ies dw AwSk ho igAw[ aus qoN bcx vwsqy ieh iqRkUt dIAW phwVIAW ivc clI geI[ aus ny ies dw ip`Cw kIqw qW ies ny mhWkwlI (cmuMfI) dw rUp Dwrn kr ky aus dw isr v`F id`qw (ij`Qy ausy dw isr if`igAw sI au~Qy ‘BYroN nwQ mMidr’ bixAw hoieAw hY)[ khwxI muqæwibkæ mgroN muAw&I mMgx ’qy ies ny BYro nUM muAw& kr id`qw sI qy vr id`qw sI ik aus dw mMidr vyKy ibnw XwqrUAW dI vYSno dyvI dI Xwqrw pUrI nhIN hovygI[ iek hor khwxI muqæwibkæ BYroN nwQ nW dw jogI sI[ aus ny iek vwr ies qoN mws mMigAw sI[ ies ny ikhw ik mYN vYSnU dI pUjw krdI hW Aqy mws dI vrqoN nhIN krdI[ ies ’qy BYroN nwQ aus nUM PVn vwsqy dOiVAw sI Aqy ieh phwVW ivc Zwieb ho geI sI[vYSno dyvI dI khwxI muqæwibkæ vYSxo dyvI iqrkUt dIAW phwVIAW ivc jWdI iqMn QW rukI sI: bwx gMgw dirAw, crnpwdukw,ArD kumwrI[ ienHW iqMnW QWvW ’qy mMidr bxy hoey hn[ ie`Qy muK mMidr iek gu&w ivc hY ijs ivc kudrqI qOr ‘qy iqMn ipMfIAW (c`twnW) bxIAW hoeIAW hn[ nvrwqRI dy idn ies QW ’qy mylw lgdw hY[ hr swl l`KW lok ie`Qy AwauNdy hn[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh mMidr 700 swl pihlw sRIDr nW dy pMifq ny bxvwieAw sI[ audoN iek in`kw ijhw mMidr sI[ hux bhuq ivSwl mMidr hY Aqy keI srwvW vI hn[ sMn 1988 qoN ies mMidr dw pRbMD iek borf krdw hY.

vYSno dyvI mMidr dw muK duAwr

 

 BYroN mMidr

 

 

vfodVw (bVodw)

 

vfodrw (pihlw nW bVOdw) gujrwq dw iek Aihm ngr hY[ Aihmdwbwd Aqy sUrq qoN bwAd vfodrw gujrwq dw qIjw v`fw Sihr hY[ ieh ngr ivSvwimqrI dirAw dy dohIN pwsIN v`isAw hoieAw hY[ mwhI qy nrmdw, do dirAw ies ngr dy dohIN pwsIN 25-30 iklomItr dUr qoN lMGdy hn)[

  AwpxI iek audwsI dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb bVoc (BVuc) qoN huMdy hoey ies ngr ivc pu`jy sn[ ie`Qy KMfyrwE mwrkIt ivc ‘gurduAwrw nwnk vwVI’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy iek purwxw KUh vI hY ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik gurU jI ies dy pwxI nwl ieSnwn kirAw krdy sn[ ie`Qy gurU swihb ny vYSnUAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ kuJ lokW ny ies gurduAwry dy nwl vI iek krmwqI khwxI joVI hoeI hY ik aunHIN idnIN ie`QoN dy lok bhuq ZrIb sn; aunHW ny gurU swihb nUM Arz kIqI ik auh aunHW dI ZrIbI dUr krn[ gurU swihb dI AsIs nwl ieh iek bhuq v`fw vpwrk sYNtr bx igAw[ aus vyly ie`Qy iek ihMdU mMdr sI, jo vkq dy nwl Fih igAw[ hux aus dI jgh iek nvI iemwrq bxweI geI hY.

 

 

 

vfw Gr ipMf

 izlHw mogw ivc iek ipMf (mogw qoN 19 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb  sMn 1634 ivc frolI qoN Aw ky kuJ idn rhy sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw mMjI swihb pwqSwhI CyvIN bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

vfwlI (gurU kI/dI vfwlI)

 

AMimRqsr qoN 8 iklomItr dUr, Cyhrtw dy nwl lgdw iek ipMf, jo hux Cyhrtw dw iek ih`sw hI lgdw hY[ ie`Qy BweI shwrI dy Kyq sn Aqy gurU Arjn swihb Cyhrtw ivc rihMidAW Aksr ie`Qy AwieAw krdy sn[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm iesy ipMf ivc hoieAw sI[ ies ipMf ivc iqMn gurduAwry hn: 1. AtwrI swihb jW gurU dy mhl (ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm hoieAw sI) 2. mMjI swihb (ij`Qy gurU jI dIvwn lwieAw krdy sn); ie`Qy gurU jI dy smyN dw iek iqMn hrtw KUh vI hY 3. dmdmw swihb (ij`Qy gurU jI iek vwr iSkwr krn igAW kuJ smW Awrwm kIqw sI) 4. gurduAwrw Cyhrtw swihb.

 

gurduAwrw gurU dI vfwlI

 

 

gurduAwrw mMjI swihb

 

dmdmw swihb

 

 

dmdmw swihb ivc bwbw bu`Fw qoN vr lYx vwlI g`p khwxI dsdw borf

 

 

gurduAwrw Cyhrtw swihb

 

 

Cyhrtw swihb ivc l`gw borf

 

ngrOlI

izlHw aUnw ivc ngrOlI aUnw-prIjvwr mwrg (aUnw qoN 20 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI iSkwr Kyfx igAW iek vwr ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc dmdmw swihb pwqSwhI dsvIN, iek phwVI qy bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihlW ies dw nW ‘gurU kI vW’ jwixAw jWdw sI

luiDAwxw/ lodIAwxw

 sqluj dirAw dy purwxy vihx dy kMFy ’qy v`isAw iek ngr[ kdy ies dw nW mIrhoqw huMdw sI[[ mIrhoqw Aqy ies dy Awly-duAwly dw ielwkw bhuq pihlW vI Awbwd sI[ mhwrwjw ASok qoN vI pihlW sunyq ipMf bhuq v`fI AwbwdI sI; ies ngr dIAW ie`tW nwl hI loDIAW ny mIrhoqw dw iklHw bxvwieAw sI, ijs dw Qyh A`j vI mOjUd hY[ (sunyq dy Qyh ’qy hux BweI rxDIr isMG ngr visAw hoieAw hY)[ gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly sqluj dirAw luiDAwxy dy nyVy vihMdw sI (sMn 1785 ivc ies ny Awpxw vhwA bdl ilAw sI Aqy 13 iklomItr dUr iPlOr dy nyVy vihx lg ipAw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nwl sqluj dirAw nUM dohW rwjW ivckwr srh`d mMny jwx mgroN sMn 1809 ivc AMgryzW ny ie`Qy iek CwauxI kwiem kIqI sI[ ie`Qy AMgRyzW ny ivktorIAw mYmorIAl GMtw Gr (sMn 1906 ivc) Aqy (ieMglYNf dI brw`f strIt vW|) cOVw bwzwr vI kwiem kIqw sI[ mgroN aunHW ny ies QW ’qy iek pMjwbI pRYs lw ky pMjwbI bolI ivc eIsweI m`q dIAW ikqwbW CwpxIAW SurU kIqIAW sn[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN p`CmI pMjwb ivcoN bhuq swry mhwjr ie`Qy Aw itky sn[ sMn 1970 qoN mgroN luiDAwxw iek snAqI Sihr vjoN Awbwd hox lg ipAw sI; ijs dy nqIjy vjoN au~qr pRdyS Aqy ibhwr qoN l`KW pUrbIey ie`Qy Aw ky vs gey sn[ sMn 2022 ivc luiDAwxw pMjwb dw sB qoN vD AwbwdI vwlw (qkrIbn 19 l`K) Sihr hY; ies ivcoN 66% ihMdU (ijs ivcoN qkrIbn 5 l`K pUrbIey hn) Aqy dilq, 29% is`K qy 2.8% muslmwn hn[ ies dw rkbw 159 mur`bw iklomItr hY.

loDIAW dy iklHy dI nSwnI

 

 

luiDAwxw dw GMtw Gr

 

 

2022 ivc luiDAwxw

lKnaU

 

au~qr pRdyS sUby ivc gomqI ndI dy dohW iknwirAW ’qy v`isAw iek ngr, jo sUby dI rwjDwnI, hY[ ies dw purwxw nW lKxpur iliKAw vI imldw hY[imQhws muqæwibkæ ies nUM lCmx ny Awbwd kIqw sI[ sMn 1857 ivc ieh AvD dI mhwrwxI byZm hjrq mhl dy hyT sI[ aus dI srpRsqI hyT ieh Zdr dw v`fw kyNdr irhw sI[ ie`Qy AMgRyz mrdW, AOrqW Aqy b`icAW nUM bVI byrihmI nwl mwirAw igAw sI[ Zdr nwkwm hox mgroN ies nUM AMgRzI rwj ivc imlw ilAw igAw sI[ ies ngr ivc bhuq Aihm iemwrqW hn: iemwm bwVw ies ivc ‘BUl BUleIAW’ iek Aihm ih`sw hY; ies qoN ielwvw ies ivc iek v`fw hwl hY jo KMiBAW qoN ibnw KVHw hY (ieh dunIAW dw Swied sBqoN v`fw ibnw KMBw hwl hY), Cotw eImwm bwVw,  rUmI drvwzw, idlkuSw koTI, byZm hzrq mhl Awid[ ies ngr ivc kdy bhuq swry bwZ sn, ijvyN lwl bwZ, kYsr bwZ, Awm bwZ, iskMdr bwZ (hux isr& iskMdr bwZ bicAw hY, bwkI swry bwZ AwbwdIAW bx cuky hn)[ sMn 2022 ivc ies dI AwbwdI 36 l`K dy krIb hY; ies ivcoN 71% ihMdU Aqy 27 % muslmwn hn.

lKnaU dw iek hvweI idRS

 

 

lKnaU dw eImwm bwVw qy Bu`l BuleIAW
lKnaU ivc iklHy dw rUmI drvwzw

 

 

lKnaU ivc SwhI mhl dw gyt
(1801 dI ivlIAm fynIAl dI pyiNitMg)

 

lopoN

 izlHw mogw dI inhwlisMGvwlw qihsIl dw iek ipMf (inhwlisMGvwlw qoN 12 qy mogw qoN 24 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurUsr bixAw hoieAw hY[ keI hor gurduAwirAW vW| ie`Qy vI gurduAwry ivc krwmwqI khwxIAW vwlw borf l`gw hoieAw hY.

 

gurduAwry ivc krwmwqI khwxIAW vwlw borf

lohgVH qy lohgVH iklHw

 ies dw ArQ hY: lohy vW| mzbUq iklHw[ ieh nW keI ikilHAW nUM id`qw jWdw sI[ isMD qoN d`KxI Bwrq qIk bhuq swry ikilHAW dw nW lohgVH Aj vI jwixAw jWdw hY.

2. is`K qvwrI^ ivc ieh nW sB qoN pihlW gurU hirgoibMd swihb v`loN gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc bxwey iklHy nUM id`qw igAw sI
3. gurU goibMd isMG jI ny AnMdpur ivc iesy nW dw iklHw bxwieAw sI, ij`Qy gurU jI dy hiQAwrw dw ^zwnw r`iKAw hoieAw sI Aqy ie`Qy pihlI sqMbr 1700 dy idn bVI zbrdsq jMg hoeI sI
4. ihmWcl Aqy hirAwxw dI srh`d ’qy iek ipMf dw nW lohgVH hY (30°24’48.56″N, E)[ ie`Qy vI iek iklHw bixAw hoieAw sI, ijs nUM Swied l`KI rwey vxjwrw ny bxwieAw hovygw ikauNik ieh zmIn aus dI injI jwiedwd sI[ sMn 1710 ivc bMdw isMG bhwdur ny ies iklHy Aqy ies ipMf nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI[ mgroN iksy ny ZlqI nwl ieh ilK id`qw sI ik ieh iklHw mu^ils ^wn ny bxwieAw sI Aqy bMdw isMG ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ky ies dw nW mu^ilsgVH dI QW lohgVH rK id`qw sI (mu^ilsgVH ies qoN 30-40 iklomItr dUr, Xmunw dirAw dy dUjy pwsy bxy hoey iek SwhI rMg mihl dw nW hY)[ ies iklHy ’qy muZl &OjW ny iqMn vwr hmlw kIqw sI Aqy sMMn 1716 qoN mgroN ies dw nW inSwn imtw id`qw sI[ hux vI ies lohgVH ipMf ivc iklHy dIAW inSwnIAW imldIAW hn[ sMn 2017 ivc ‘lohgVH trst’ nW hyT kuJ lokW ny ies nUM dunIAW dw sB qoN v`fw iklHw swibq krn dw prcwr SurU kIqw sI jo ik iblkul Zlq hY; ieh iklHw isr& lohgVH ipMf (Aqy ies dIAW phwVIAW lohgVH qy isqwrgVH) au~qy hI bixAw hoieAw sI jo A`j vI kwiem hn[ ie`Qy inhMgW ny gurduAwrw lohgVH bxwieAw hoieAw hY (vyKo: qsvIr) 5. ipMf dInw-kWgV-idAwlpurw BweIkw ivc iek gurduAwry dw nW vI lohgVH dy nW ’qy r`iKAw hoieAw hY.

 

 

 

bMdw isMG dy lohgVH iklHy ’qy nIly inSwn swihb

 

bMdw isMG dy lohgVH iklHy kol bixAw gurduAwrw

il`qr ipMf

 izlHw luiDAwxw dI qihsIl rweykot dw iek ipMf (rweykot qoN 10 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy sMn 1634 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb mihrwj dI lVweI mgroN kuJ smw ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw krIr swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy krIr dw iek purwxw ru`K hY, ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik gurU jI ny Awpxw GoVw iek ik`ly nwl bMinHAw sI jo pihlW sukw sI, pr mgroN krIr dw hrw r`uK bx igAw sI[ gurduAwry ivc l`gy borf ivc bhuq Zlq jwxkwrI id`qI hoeI hY[ ies muqæwibkæ gurU jI sMn 1632 ivc mihrwj dI jMg mgroN Awey sn (jd ik ieh jMg dsMbr 1634 ivc hoeI sI)[ iehI g`l nyVy dy iek ipMf ShId gVH ivc bxy mMjI swihb  dy borf ’qy vI ilKI hY[ ies qoN ielwvw ie`QoN dy C`pV bwry krwmwqI khwxIAW vI ilKIAW hoeIAW hn[ ieh sB kwlpink khwxIAW hn[ ieh vI iliKAw hY ik gurU jI kol 3000 GoVy sn, jo kdy vI iksy gurU kol nhIN rhy sn[ jy mihrwj dI jMg dI g`l krnI hovy qW au~Qy vI gurU jI kol kuJ sYNkVy GoVy hI sn[ ieh hor Zlq g`l ieh hY ik gurU jI ieQy 21 idn Tihry sn[ hr iek ipMf ivc iek idn dI QW 10, 20, 40 idn zrUr ilKy hoey hn[ s`c ieh hY ik gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies ipMf Awey sn Aqy kuJ smW ruky sn.

il`qr ipMf dy gurduAwry ivc krIr dw r`uK

 

 

dohW gurduAwirAW ivc Zlq jwxkwrI vwly borf