is`K, isMG, Kwlsw, KMfy dI pwhul, AMimRq
kuJ ilKqW ivc is`K, isMG, Kwlsw, KMfy dI pwhul qy AMimRq nUM iek dUjy ivc rlg`f kIqw imldw hY ijs nwl bhuq BulyKy KVHy ho jWdy hn; ^ws kr ky kuJ lIfr, cODrI qy k`cGrV lyKk A^bwrW ivc Awpxy nW „qy „lyK‟ Cpvw ky, byQvIAW mwr ky, keI vwr qW kihr hI kr jWdy hn[ ies mzmUn ivc ienHW nukiqAW nUM ivcwrn dI koiSS kIqI hY[
is`K: is`K dw l&zI mwAnw hY: ‘is`Kx vwlw’; gurU dI isiKAw lYx vwlw; Drm, &ls&y Aqy jIvn-jwc nUM is`Kx vwlw[ ieh l&z “iSS” qoN vKrw hY, ijs dw mwAnw Awm ividAwrQI hY[ isDWqk qOr „qy is`K auh hY jo gurU nwnk swihb dy d`sy pMQ (Drm) ivc XkIn rKdw hY; Aqy iksy hor AkIdy/Drm au~qy XkIn nhIN rKdw[ Awm bolI ivc qW iek is`K dy Gr jMimAw b`cw is`K hI hY; pr, Asdl ivc auh is`K qW hY jy auh is`KI ivc XkIn rKdw hY[ hW, rsmI qOr „qy, Aqy kwnUMnI p`K qoN, auh audoN qk is`K mMinAw jwvygw jd qk auh koeI hor Drm A^iqAwr nhIN krdw jW Awpxw Drm C`fx dw is`Dw jW Ais`Dw AYlwn nhIN kr dyNdw[ is`KI ivc sihjDwrI aus nUM kihMdy hn jo Drm nUM sijhy-sihjy Apxw irhw hY; iksy nUM is`KI Dwrn krn ivc kuJ mhIny qW lg skdy hn, pr koeI bMdw swrI aumr sihjDwrI nhIN ho skdw[
piqq: piqq dw l&zI mwAnw hY „auh jo igr igAw hY‟[ is`KI ivc piqq auh hY ijs ny is`K Drm dw Aihm ih`sw, Xwin kysW nUM C`f id`qw hY[ isr& kys k`txw hI piqq hoxw nhIN blik jo kysDwrI, pwhulIAw Aqy inqnymI hY auh vI piqq ho skdw hY jy aus dw jIvn gurbwxI dy ault hY; ikauN ik auh vI „Drm qoN igirAw hoieAw‟ hY[
isMG: isMG, is`KW dy nW dw ipCyqr hY[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny jd KMfy dI pwhul SurU kIqI sI qW aunHW ny hr iek is`K nUM „isMG‟ l&z nW dy ipCyqr vjoN lwzmI kIqw sI[ ijnHW ny pwhul nhIN leI sI auh nW nwl isMG nhIN ilKdy sI; BweI nMd lwl aunHW ivcoN iek sn[ pMjwb qoN dUr dy, ^ws kr ky pUrb dy is`KW v`l ilKy ^qW (hukmnwimAW) ivc keI nW Aijhy imldy hn ijnHW dy nWvW nwl isMG iliKAw nhIN imldw[ drAsl bMgwl, ibhwr, Aswm, iqRpurw qy kuJ hor dUr durwfy ielwikAW dy is`KW ivcON bhuq swry is`K pwhul nhIN lY sky sn; ieho ijhy kuJ nW mwqw suMdr kOr dy ^qW ivc imldy hn (ies mzmUn ivc A`gy jw ky ienHW ^qW dw izkr kIqw hY)[
Kwlsw: Kwlsw ArbI zbwn dw l&z hY; ieh ArbI qoN &wrsI ivc AwieAw qy muZl hkUmq vyly ieh pMjwbI zbwn dw ih`sw vI bx igAw[ ies dw l&zI mwAnw hY: auh jmIn jW jwiedwd jo is`Dy qOr qy bwdSwh dI AwpxI hovy[ dUjy l&zW ivc ies dw mwAnw hY: auh zmIn jo bwdSwh dI AwpxI qy injI hY; Xwin ies dw iksy zmINdwr, pMc, ikswn jW hor hsqI nwl (nw mlkIAq dw qy nw ieMqzwm dw) koeI sbMD nhIN huMdw[ dUjy l&zW icx ies dw mwAnw hY ^udmu^iqAwr[
Kwls dw mwAnw hY: Krw, Asl, Su`D[ Kwlsw Kwls qoN v`Krw hY[ auN\ Kwlsw l&z dI jVH Kwls hI hY[ Kwlsw Kwils vI huMdw hY pr zrUrI nhIN ik hr Kwils cIz Kwlsw (^udmu^iqAwr, Awzwd) vI hovy[
purwxIAW qvwrI^I ilKqW Aqy srkwrI irkwrf dy kwZzW ivc bhuq zmInW qy jwiedwd AijhIAW hn ijnHW nUM Kwlsw iliKAw imldw hY[ keI ipMfW dy nWvW dy nwl vI Kwlsw l`gw hoieAw imldw hY ikauN ik ieh ielwky bwdSwh ny is`Dy Awpxy hyT r`Ky huMdy hn (pwiksqwnI pMjwb ivc Gto Gt 10 ipMfW dw nW Kwlsw hY)[ ienHW ivcoN bhuqy nW is`K Drm dy jnm qoN vI pihlW dy hn[
Kwlsw l&z Bgq kbIr jI ny vriqAw hY: “khu kbIr jn Bey Kwlsy, pRym Bgiq ijh jwnI” (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 654)
{Bwv: kbIr jI kihMdy hn: ijnHW ny pRym nwl r`b dI BgqI krnI jwn leI, auh Kwlsy ho gey (moq dy fr qoN Kwlsw/Awzwd ho gey)[ ie`Qy vI Kwlsw dw mwAnw Su`D nhIN blik „Awzwd‟ hY[}
is`KI ivc Kwlsw dw ipVokV qy msMd jmwq: is`K pMQ dw jQybMdk FWcw, jo gurU nwnk swihb vyly „Drmswlw‟ qy „sMgq‟ vjoN SurU hoieAw sI Aqy gurU Amr dws swihb vyly „mMjIAW‟ qy „pIiVHAW‟ dy rUp ivc ‟c PYilAw sI, auh gurU rwmdws swihb vyly „msMd‟ jmwq vjoN kwiem ho igAw sI[
gurU rwm dws swihb vyly jd is`KW dI igxqI bhuq vD geI qW aunHW ny is`KW nwl lgwqwr rwbqw kwiem r`Kx vwsqy „msMd‟ jmwq kwiem kr id`qI[ msMd, Awpxy ielwky dw, iek iksm dw is`K pMQ dw ieMcwrj huMdw sI[
ienHW msMdW dw kMm gurU dy drbwr ivc sMgqW dy sunyhy phuMcwauxw Aqy gurU jI dy pYZwm sMgqW vwsqy lY jwxw huMdw sI[ ieh sMgq dw dsvMD vI gurU jI qk phuMcwieAw krdy sI Aqy jy iksy is`K nUM mdd dI loV huMdI qW aus vwsqy rkm jW qoh&y gurU swihb msMdW rwhIN hI phuMcwieAw krdy sn[
msMd jmwq dy kwiem hox nwl is`K pMQ, is`K Drm qy is`K kOm iek Swndwr jQybMdk FWcy ivc proeI geI[ is`KI dw Dwrimk pRcwr Aqy mwlI inzwm iek-swr kMm krn l`g ipAw[ sMgqW dw dsvMD suc`jy qrIky nwl gurU drbwr ivc pu`jx l`g ipAw Aqy ies ^zwny ‟coN lok BlweI dy kMm, qy loVvMdW dI pUrI iemdwd, hox l`g peI[ cOQy pwqSwh qoN nOvyN pwqSwh qk ies msMd jmwq ny mwArky dw rol Adw kIqw[
cOQy qoN nOvyN gurU qk vI kuJ ielwikAW ivc keI msMd nhIN Qwpy gey sn; ies kr ky auQoN dI sMgq gurU dw Kwlsw sI[gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw iek hukmnwmw A`j vI mOjUd hY ijs ivc ivc pUrb (Aswm, bMgwl) nUM gurU jI ny „Kwlsw‟ l&z nwl mu^wiqb kIqw hY[ BweI jpu, BweI gurdws, BweI murwr, BweI jyqw, BweI idAwlw dy nW pYZwm ivc gurU jI “pUrb dI sMgq gurU dw Kwlsw hY” ilKdy hn (SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI, nIswxu qy hukmnwmy, sMpwdk SmSyr isMG ASok, s&w 15)[
ieM\ hI gurU qyZ bhqdr swihb dy kuJ huknwimAw ivc vI ptnw dI sMgq nUM „Kwlsw‟ ikhw igAw hY: “ptnw dI sMgq sRI gurU jI kw Kwlsw hY”[(SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI, nIswxu qy hukmnwmy, sMpwdk SmSyr isMG ASok, s&w 27)[
gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy iek hukmnwmy, jo sMmq 1755, Xwin sMn 1698, ivc mwCIvwVw dy BweI kilAwx rwey nUM iliKAw igAw sI, aus ivc gurU jI mwCIvwVw dI sMgq nUM „myrw Kwlsw hY‟ kih ky mu^wiqb huMdy hn (“BweI kilAwx rwey srbq sMgq mwCIvwVw kI gurU rKygw[ sMgq murw Kwlsw hY”)[ hwlW ik mwCIvwVw ngr ivc BweI pMjwbw nW dw msMd mOjUd sI (ies hukmnwmy qoN 7 swl mgroN, 1705 dI dsMbr ivc, gurU goibMd isMG swihb, cmkOr dI gVHI qoN inkl ky sB qoN pihlW iesy BweI pMjwby kol phuMcy sn qy aus dy bwZ ivc Tihry sn; aus QW „qy hux „gurduAwrw crn kMvl‟ bixAw hoieAw hY)[ (SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI, nIswxu qy hukmnwmy, sMpwdk SmSyr isMG ASok, s&w 64)[
dsvyN pwiqSwh dy do hor hukmnwimAW ivc vI kuJ is`KW nUM “qU myrw Kwlsw hY” iliKAw imldw hY ((SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI, nIswxu qy hukmnwmy, sMpwdk SmSyr isMG ASok, s&y 73 qy 76)[ ieh dovyN hukmnwmy sMmq 1758, sMn 1701, dy hn; Xwin KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU krn qoN 2 swl mgroN dy; Aqy, ienHW ivc BweI imhr cMd (s&w 73) Aqy imhr cMd, Drm cMd qy krm cMd (s&w 76) nUM „Kwlsw‟ iliKAw hY[ ienHW dy nWvW nwl ipCyqr „isMG‟ nhIN bl ik „cMd‟ hY ijhVw swibq krdw hY ik „Kwlsw‟ l&z dw mwAnw pwhulIAw nhIN blik auh hY jo is`Dw gurU nwl sbMDq hY[ mgroN gurU jI ny ieh AYlwn kr id`qw sI ik is`K “myrw Kwlsw” nhIN blik “Akwl purK dw Kwlsw” hoxgy[ ies dI qweId mwqw suMdr kOr dy iek ^q qoN huMdI hY ijs ivc aunHW ny is`KW nUM “Akwl purK dw Kwlsw” iliKAw hY)[ auN\ ijnHW nUM ieh ^q iliKAw igAw hY auh (Twkr dws, soBw m`l, sMBU nwQ, swihb rwey) vI „isMG‟ nW vwly, Xwin „pwhul vwly‟ nhIN sn[ ieh ^q 1729 dw iliKAw hoieAw hY[ ies dw mqlb ieh hY ik pwhul dI rsm SurU hox qoN 30 swl mgroN vI auh Ajy pwhulIey nhIN sn, pr auh „Kwlsw‟ zrUr sn[ (SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI, nIswxu qy hukmnwmy, sMpwdk SmSyr isMG ASok, s&w 106)[
msMd jmwq nUM ^qm kr ky swry is`KW nUM „Kwlsw‟ AYlwn krnw: qkrIbn 100 swl qk msMd jmwq shI qrIky nwl cldI geI[ ies vyly qk ies jmwq dw rol kw&I h`d qk shI sI pr ijauN-ijauN Asl msMdW dI jgHw (mrn ip`CoN) aunHW dI AOlwd AwaNdI geI, ies jmwq ivc ^rwbIAW AwauxIAW SurU ho geIAW[
vkq bIqx dy nwl ienHW ivcoN kuJ msMd byeImwn ho gey[ keI qW Awpxy Awp nUM gurU vrgw hI smJx lg pey Aqy nIm-gurU vWg kwrvweIAW krn lg pey[ keI qW ivBcwrI qy T`g vI bx gey Aqy sMgq dw dsvMD hV`px lg pey[
8 &rvrI qoN 14 &rvrI 1698 qk is`KW dy keI j`Qy AnMdpur swihb AwauNdy rhy[ ies mOky ‟qy Dwrimk pRogrwm dy nwl-nwl KyfW, kuSqIAW, gqkw, GoV-svwrI, nyzwbwzI qy qlvwr-AMdwzI dy mukwbly vI huMdy rhy[ ivckwr kuJ mOikAW ‟qy BMf vI Awpxw &n ivKwauNdy rihMdy sn[ ienHW idnW ivc hI, iek mOky ‟qy, BMfW ny ienHW msMdW dIAW krqUqW dI nkl lw ky idKweI[ aunHW ny msMdW ƒ lutyry, T`g, hYNkVbwz, kurpt, bd-ie^lwk Aqy A`XwS ijhy idKwieAw[ aus vyly gurU swihb kol BweI nwnU rwm idlvwlI bYTw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb ƒ msMdW bwry kuJ hor vwk&I vI id`qI[ ieh swrw kuJ sux ky gurU swihb dy rONgty KVyH ho gey[ gurU swihb ny dIvwn mnI rwm (pwhul mgroN BweI mnI isMG) ƒ hukm kIqw ik swry msMdW ƒ muSkW bMnH ky AnMdpur swihb bulwieAw jwey[ BweI Awlm cMd (pwhul mgroN isMG) „n`cxw‟ nwl cwr hor isMG Byjy gey qW jo auh msMdW ƒ AnMdpur swihb ilAw ky gurU swihb A`gy pyS krn[
kuJ hI idnW ivc swry msMd AnMdpur swihb phuMc gey[ gurU swihb ny msMdW dI prK kIqI[ ijhVy msMd byeImwn qy mujirm sn, aunHW ƒ mOky ‟qy hI s^q szwvW id`qIAW geIAW[ v`fy mujrmW ƒ szwey-mOq suxweI geI[ ies szw ‟qy Aml vI, auQy hI qy ausy vyly hI, kIqw igAw[ kuJ msMd ies iemiqhwn ivcoN sur^Ur ho ky inkly[ ienHW ƒ gurU swihb v`loN isropwE Byt kIqy gey[ ienHW ivc BweI b^q m`l sUrI (jlwlpur j`tW) qy BweI sMgq/BweI PyrU (mIAW kI mOV, lwhOr) vI Swiml sn[ ies dy nwl hI gurU swihb ny mMsd jmwq ^qm krn dw AYlwn kIqw[ aunHW ny AYlwn kIqw ik A`gy qoN swry is`K „Kwlsw‟ hoxgy (is`Dy gurU nwl sbMD r`Kxgy; iksy msMd jW iksy hor ivcoly rwhIN gurU drbwr nwl rwbqw nhIN r`Kxgy[ gurU swihb ny ieh hukmnwmw vI jwrI kIqw ik A`gy qoN koeI vI is`K Awpxw dsvMD Bytw msMdW ƒ nw dyvy Aqy is`DI gurU drbwr ƒ Byjy[ aunHW AYlwn kIqw ik msMd rwhIN AweI Bytw kbUl nhIN kIqI jwvygI[
ieM\ gurU swihb ny gurU qy is`K ivckwr msMd qy hor ivcoly ^qm kr id`qy qy swry is`KW ƒ „Kwlsw‟ bxwaux dw AYlwn kr idqw[ ies dw sw& mwAnw hY ik „Kwlsw‟ Aqy pwhulIAw dovyN v`K-v`K nukqy (&ls&y) hn[
sIs Byt kOqk Aqy KMfy dI pwhul:
“KMfy dI pwhul” auh rsm hY, jo gurU goibMd isMG jI ny is`KW nUM nvIN pCwx dyx vwsqy SurU kIqI sI[ cyqr dy SurU ivc gurU swihb ny swry is`KW ƒ hukmnwmy Byj ky ibkRmI sMmq dy ivswK mhIny dI pihlI qwrI^ (29 mwrc 1698) dy idn AnMdpur swihb phuMcx vwsqy AwiKAw (kuJ somy ies kOqk nUM 29 mwrc 1699 nUM Aqy kuJ 1695 ivc hoieAw dsdy hn pr mYN 1698 nUM vDyry shI mMndw hW[ drAsl Agly swl dI ivswKI (29 mwrc 1699) dy idn AnMdpur swihb ivc 1698 qoN vI v`fw iek`T hoieAw sI qy ies idn vI hzwrW is`KW ny pwhul leI sI[ ieh BulyKw ies qoN hI SurU hoieAw hovygw[ ieMJ hI 1695 ivc kysDwrI hox qy kVw pwaux dw hukmnwmw jwrI hoieAw sI[ iksy ny BulyKy nwl ies nUM hI pwhul nwl joV id`qw hovygw[ sMqoK isMG ny sUrj pRkwS ivc ies dw koeI swl nhIN id`qw[ 1699 swl dI ZlqI sB qoN pihlW igAwnI igAwn isMG ny 1891 ivc pMQ pRkwS ivc kIqI sI (pMQ pRkwS, p`Qr Cwpw AYfISn 1891, s&w 309)[ bwkI swirAW ny iesy ZlqI nUM qvwrI^ bxw id`qw[ gurU kIAW swKIAW, ilKx swl 1798, ivc qwrI^ 1698 dI idqI hoeI hY[ B`t vhI BwdsoN prgnw Qwnysr ivc vI 1698 dw swl id`qw hoieAw hY[
aus idn hzwrW is`K gurU dI ngrI AnMdpur swihb ivc pu`jy[ aus idn svyry rbwbIAW ny gurbwxI dw kIrqn kIqw[ kIrqn qoN bwAd BweI mnI rwm ny iek Sbd dI kQw kIqI[ ies dy nwl hI gurU swihb KVyH ho gey, AwpxI ikrpwn imAwn ivcoN k`FI qy AwiKAw ik mYƒ iek isr cwhIdw hY[ gurU swihb dy bol sux ky swry pwsy cu`p Cw geI[ gurU swihb ny iqMn vwrI iehI bol AwKy[ qIjI vwr AwKx qoN ip`CoN BweI dieAw rwm KVHw hoieAw[ gurU swihb q^q qoN auqry qy aus ƒ PV ky nyVy vwlI, zrw kU aucI, iek hor phwVI ‟qy g`fy hoey qMbU ivc lY gey, ij`Qy pMj Ajw suq (bkry) bMnHy hoey sn (hux ieh „qMbU vwlI phwVI‟ k`cI phwVI vjUd ivc nhIN hY ikauN ik auh Kur geI sI)[ kuJ plW bwAd gurU swihb ^Un nwl ilbVI ikrpwn lY ky bwhr Awey[ ies vwr gurU swihb ny iek hor isr dI mMgI kIqI[ ieh kOqk gurU swihb ny pMj vwr duhrwieAw[ pMjvyN is`K v`loN isr Byt krn qoN kuJ icr mgroN gurU swihb sIs Byt krn vwly pMjW is`KW ƒ nIly bwxy ivc pMfwl ivc lY ky Awey[ gurU swihb ny Awp vI nIlw bwxw pihixAw hoieAw sI[ (vyKo: gurU kIAW swKIAW, swKI 59, mihmw pRkwS, s&w 825)[ ies sbMDI B`t vhI BwdsoN prgnw Qwnysr ivc iek ieMdrwj ieM\ imldw hY: “gurU goibMd isMG mhl dsmW bytw gurU qyg bhwdr jI kw swl sqrW sY pcwvn mMglvwr vYswKI ky idMhuM pWc isKoN ko KWfy kI pwhul dI isMG nwm rwKw[ ipRQmY dYAw rwm sopqI KqrI bwsI lwhOr Aw Klw hUAw[ pwCY mohkm cMd CIpw bwsI dvwrkw, swihb cMd nweI bwsI ibdr z&rwbwd, Drm cMd jvMdw jwt bwsI hsqnwpur, ihMmq cMd JIvr bwsI jgnnwQ bwro bwrI Kly huey[ sb ko nIl AMbr pihnwieAw[ vhI bys Apnw kIAw[ hu`kw, hlwl, hjwmq hrwm, it`kw jM\U DoqI kw iqAwg krwieAw[ mIxy DIrmlIey rwm rweIey, isrguMm, msMdW kI vrqn bMd kI[ kMGw, krd, kysgI, kVw, kCihrw sB ko dIAw[ sB kysDwrI kIey[” (ies ieMdrwj muqwibk pMjvW kkwr „kyskI‟ hY; kys qW bjr kurihq ivc pihlW hI Swiml hn)[
isr Byt krn vwly pMjW is`KW (BweI dieAw rwm, BweI muhkm cMd, BweI swihb cMd, BweI Drm cMd, BweI ihMmq cMd) jdoN gurU swihb dIvwn ivc phuMcy qW aunHW ny sMgqW ƒ mu^wiqb ho ky AwiKAw ik hux qoN ienHW pMjW mrjIviVAW ƒ „pMj ipAwry‟ AwiKAw jwieAw krygw[ jd qk cMd sUrj kwiem rihxgy, gurU ƒ isr Byt krn vwly pihly pMj is`KW dw nW dunIAW Br ‟c kwiem krygw[ jdoN vI kVwh pRSwd dI dyZ iqAwr hoieAw krygI, ienHW dw CWdw (ih`sw) sB qoN pihlW k`iFAw jwieAw krygw[ ies ip`CoN gurU swihb ny BweI caupiq rwie ƒ AwiKAw ik auh sqluj ivcoN sw& pwxI Br ky ilAwaux[ gurU jI ny dIvwn Drm cMd iC`br ƒ p`Qr dw kUMfw, lohy dw bwtw Aqy KMfw ilAwaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ gurU swihb ny p`Qr dy kUMfy ‟qy lohy dw bwtw r`K ky, aus ivc sqluj dirAw qoN mMgvwieAw pwxI pw ky, “pwhul” iqAwr krnI SurU kr id`qI[ ies mgroN Ardws kIqI qy „KMfy dI pwhul‟ dyx dI rsm SurU kIqI[ gurU swihb ny KMfy nwl pihlW Awpxy mUMh ivc pwhul dIAW pMj bMUdW pweIAW qy iPr pMjW ipAwirAW ƒ ieh pwhul id`qI[ (pMjW ipAwirAW ƒ pwhul dyx ip`CoN Awp aunHW koloN pwhul lYx dI khwxI mgroN inrmilAW ny GVI sI[ kuJ lok inrmly gurdws isMG dI vwr ivc „Awpy gur cylw‟ nUM pMjW koloN pwhulw lYxw kih dyNdy hn, hwlW ik ies dw mqlb hrigz ieh nhIN inkldw[ “Awpy gur cylw” dy &ls&y dw izkr qW s`qy qy blvMf dI vwr ivc imldw hY ijhVw Awpxy ijaUNdy jIA gurg`dI dI rsm krn nwl sbMD rKdw hY)[
pMjW ipAwirAW ƒ pwhul dy ky gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ nvW nW „isMG‟ idqw[ pihlw gurU swihb ny Awpxw nW „goibMd isMG‟ r`iKAw qy Pyr pMj ipAwirAW ƒ dieAw isMG, muhkm isMG, swihb isMG, Drm isMG, ihMmq isMG dy nW id`qy[ ies ip`CoN Awp ny aunHW ƒ rihq-mirAwdw d`sI[ gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik hux quhwfw ipClw jnm, Drm, krm, Brm qy Srm ^qm ho geIAW hn[ hux qusIN „Akwl purK dw Kwlsw‟ ho[ qusIN „pMj kkwrW‟ ƒ hmySw Awpxy AMg r`Kxw[ cwr bjr kurihqW qoN bcxw (kysW dI byAdbI nhIN krnw, ku`Tw mws nhIN Kwxw, qmwkU nhIN vrqxw qy qurknI/pr nwrI dw sMg nhIN krnw)[ bjr kurihq krn vwlw piqq ho jweygw Aqy aus ƒ qn^wh luAw ky, ies nUM Bugqx mgroN dubwrw KMfy dI pwhul lYxI peygI [ mIxy, msMd, DIrm`lIey, rwmrweIey qy isrguMm (mony); ienHW pMjW nwl myl nhIN r`Kxw[ gor
(kbr), mVHI (smwD), m`T (jTyirAW dIAW smwDW) Bu`l ky nhIN mMnxw[ quhwƒ sunihry ivc rlw id`qw hY[ Awps ‟c Brm Byd nhIN r`Kxw[
ies kOqk nUM “sIs Byt” kOqk ikhw jWdw hY[ ies dw mksd ieh sI ik (1) is`K dw isr sdw vwsqy „Drm‟ dy lyKy (s`c, iensw&, ienswnIAq vwsqy) hwzr hY; Aqy ijhVw „KMfy dI pwhul‟ leygw aus dw isr „pMj ipAwirAW‟ vW| s`c vwsqy kurbwn hox vwsqy sdw hwzr hovygw[ (2) is`K dw rUp (kys qy dsqwr vwlw) inAwrw rhygw qy (3) is`K Awpxy &sl&y ivc prp`k rhygw (&ls&y dw mwAnw hY: rihqW kurihqW, Xwin smwijk rihxI bihxI, Aqy gurbwxI, Xwin rUhwnI rihxI bihxI, dovyN hn)[
AMimRq kI hY?:
kuJ lyKkW ny KMfy dI pwhul’ dI rsm ƒ vI ‘AMimRq’ ikhw hY; ieh l&z shI nhIN hY[ AMimRq l&z dI jVH hY: A+imRq, Xwin „mOq qoN pry‟; Xwin, auh cIz jo ienswn ƒ mOq qoN mukq kr idMdI hY[ AMimRq dw mqlb, is`K Drm ivc, ihMdU isDWqW qoN v`Krw hY[ ihMdU imQhws muqwibk, dyvqy Aqy rwKSW ny iek`iTAW ho ky smuMdr irVkxw SurU kr id`qw Aqy AKOqI ‘AMimRq’ iqAwr kIqw[ jdoN ieh AKOqI ‘AMimRq’ iqAwr ho igAw qW dohW (rwKSW Aqy dyviqAW) ivc ies g`l qoN lVweI ho geI ikauN ik dovyN hI ies AKOqI AMimRq dy pUrI qrHW mwilk bxnw cwhuMdy sn Aqy aus dI vrqoN krnw cwhuMdy sn[ ies kr ky dohW ivc bhuq izAwdw lVweI hoeI[ lVweI dy dOrwn swrw AKOqI AMimRq fu`l igAw Aqy koeI vI hux AKOqI AMimRq pI ky Amr nhIN ho skdw sI[ bRwhmx bhuq izAwdw cwlwk sn[ hux aunHW ny Amr hox dI vwsqy Awqmw dI iek srIr qoN dUjy srIr ivc jwx dI imQ bxw leI[ bRwhmxW ny ieh cwlwkI KyfI ik Awqmw kdy nhIN mrdI Aqy ieh iek srIr qoN dUjy ivc dwi^l ho jWdI hY[ ies leI Ajy vI, hr koeI Amr ho skdw hY[ pr dUjy pwsy, ies dw iek ieh mqlb vI inkldw hY ik Awqmw pRmwqmw dw ih`sw nhIN hY Aqy ieh kdy vI Awpxy mUl (r`b) nwl nhIN iml skdI[
is`K Drm sdw ijaUNdy rihx dI Aqy Awqmw dI dUjy ijsm ivc bdlI dI im`Q ƒ r`d krdw hY[ is`K Drm muqwibk ienswnW dI izMdgI dI imAwd vwihgurU v`loN insicq huMdI hY[ ienswnI ijsm pMj q`qW dw bxdw hY Aqy ienswn dI mOq qoN bwAd ieh pMjy q`q Awpxy-Awpxy mUl ivc smw jWdy hn[ srIr ivclI Awqmw vI pRmwqmw ivc iml jWdI hY[
is`K &ls&y ivc pRmwqmw dw nW jpxw hI ‘AMimRq pIxw’ hY ikauNik iehI mrn dy fr qoN Awzwd krdw hY; Xwin sdw leI rihx vwlw bxwauNdw hY[ is`K Drm ivc AMimRq koeI qrl cIz jW duAweI nhIN[ r`b dW nW hr dm, hr swh nwl, cyqy rKxw hI AMimRq hY[ gurU gRMQ sihb ivc drjnW jgh disAw hoieAw hY ik „AMimRq‟ kI hY[ hyTW kuJ qukW imswl vjoN hwzr hn (brYktW ivc s&w nMbr gurU gRMQ swihb dy hn):
AMimRqu nwmu inDwnu hY imil pIvhu BweI] ijsu ismrq suKu pweIAY sB iqKw buJweI](318)
ijsu jl iniD kwrix qum jig Awey so AMimRqu gur pwhI jIau] Cofhu vysu ByK cqurweI duibDw iehu Plu nwhI jIau] mn ry iQru rhu mqu kq jwhI jIau] bwhir FUFq bhuqu duKu pwvih Gir AMimRqu Gt mwhI jIau] (s&w 598)
gur kw sbdu AMimRq hY bwxI ] Anidnu hir kw nwmu vKwxI ] (1057)
AMimRq nwmu qumwrw suAwmI ] (1074)
AMimRq nwmu sunIjY qyrw ikrpw krih q pIvw ] (1117)
hir kw nwmu AMimRqu hir hir hry, so pIAY ijsu rwmu ipAwsI ] (1202)
AMimRq nwmu suAwmI qyrw jo pIvY iqs hI iqRpqws ] (1208)
nwnk AMimRqu eyku hY dUjw AMimRqu nwih ](1238)
BIqir AMimRqu soeI jnu pwvY ijsu gur kw sbdu rqnu Awcwr ](1255, 1258)
siqgur bcnu bcnu hY nIko gur bcnI AMimRqu pwvYgo ] (1311)
hir hir nwmu AMimRqu hY hir jpIAY siqgur Bwie ](1316)
hir hir nwmu AMimRqu rsu mITw gurmiq shjy pIjY ]1323
gurU gRMQ sihb ivc bhuq swry SbdW ivc AMimRqu dw &ls&w ibAwn kIqw hoieAw hY[ mYN qW isr& kuJ kU hI id`qy hn[
(fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)