gurU gRMQ swihb dI krqwrpur vwlI mOjUdw bIV BweI gurdws vwlI nhIN hY
1604 ivc guru Arjn swihb ny Awid gRMQ dw pihlw srUp iqAwr krvwieAw sI, ijs nUM BweI gurdws ny Awpxy h`QIN iliKAw sI[ ieh srUp 31 julweI 1604 ƒ AMimRqsr ivc mukMml hoieAw sI Aqy ies dw pihlw pRkwS 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn drbwr swihb ivc kIqw igAw[ ies mgroN ies dy keI auqwry/nklW, iPr nklW qoN nklW, nklW qoN nklW qoN nklW, nklW qoN nklW qoN nklW qoN nklW, A`gy qoN A`gy, Xwin 8-10 jW ies qoN vD jgh qk vI, auqwry/nklW iqAwr huMdy rhy sn[ hr iek auqwry auqy iliKAw jWdw sI ik ieh ikMnvIN nkl hY[ imswl vjoN jy auh pihly srUp dI qIjI QW nkl hY qW aus „qy iliKAw hovygw: “jpu guru rwmdws jI dy dsqKqW ky nkl, ky nkl kw nkl”; ieM\ hI jy ies dI nkl hY qW iek hor „nklw kw nkl‟ Swiml ho jwvygw[
Awid gRMQ dIAW pihlIAW nklW ivcoN iek srUp Kurv`DI (hux fyhrwdUn) ivc vI ipAw sI[ ieh auh nkl sI ijhVI 1660 ivc rwm rwey AOrMgzyb nUM imlx igAw lY igAw sI[ Swied iesy smyN dOrwn bMno vwlI bIV vwlI nkl iqAwr hoeI sI (BweI bMno v`loN lwhOr qoN ijld bMnHwaux vwlI khwxI mnGVq hY)[ 1678 ivc guru goibMd isMG swihb ny dmdmI srUp iqAwr krvwieAw[ ies mgroN ies dIAW vI hor keI nklW (Aqy nkl dIAW nklW) iqAwr hoeIAW sn; ijnHW ivcoN iek frolI BweI ivc peI sI ijs nUM 1691 ivc guru swihb dw dIvwn nMd cMd sMGw AnMdpur swihb qoN corI kr ky lY igAw sI[ iek srUp burhwnpur ivc vI sI[ guru goibMd isMG jI dy smyN ivc bhuq swrIAW nklW (Aqy nkl dIAW nklW) iqAwr hoeIAW sn[
1635 ivc Awid gRMQ dw pihlw srUp krqwrpur jlMDr ivc sI[ 29 AprYl 1635 dy idn guru hirgoibMd swihb krqwrpur nUM C`f ky kIrqpur cly gey[ guru swihb dw poqw DIr m`l (pu`qr bwbw gurid`qw), pr, krqwrpur hI irhw[ Awid gRMQ dw pihlw srUp vI aus ny Awpxy kol r`K ilAw[ guru swihb ny aus qoN lYx vwsqy zor nhIN lwieAw ikauNik hor nklW iqAwr ho cukIAW sn[ kuJ icr mgroN DIr m`l dw prvwr krqwrpur C`f ky bkwlw (hux bwbw bkwlw) clw igAw qy Awid gRMQ dw pihlw srUp vI nwl lY gey[ 1676 ivc DIr m`l vI igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI; aus dI mOq 16 nvMbr 1677 dy idn rxQMBor dy iklHy ivc hoeI sI[ DIr m`l dw v`fw pu`qr rwm cMd 24 julweI 1678 dy idn id`lI ivc kql kr id`qw igAw[ rwm cMd dI mOq mgroN DIr m`l dw Cotw Brw Bwr m`l qy aus dw prvwr bkwlw qoN iPr krqwrpur Aw igAw[ Bwr m`l „Awid gRMQ‟ dw srUp vI bkwlw qoN krqwrpur lY igAw[ Bwr m`l 30 mwrc 1691 dy idn mr igAw[ aus mgroN Awid gRMQ dw pihlw srUp aus dy pu`qr inrMjn rwey kol krqwrpur ivc irhw[ inrMjn rwey dI mOq 27 AkqUbr 1702 dy idn hoeI[ hux Awid gRMQ dw srUp aus dy pu`qr ibkrm rwey (aus ny Awpxy nW nwl isMG ilKxw vI SurU kr id`qw sI) kol irhw Aqy, aus dI mOq mgroN aus dy pu`qr rwm isMG qy iPr rwm isMG dy pu`qr vfBwg isMG (1716-1761) dI mlkIAq bx igAw[
Awid bIV dw sV jwxw
ApRYl 1757 ivc Aihmd Swh durwnI ny id`lI „qy hmlw kr ky Awpxy smyN dI sB qoN v`fI lu`t kIqI Aqy 28000 GoiVAW, bldW Aqy KoiqAW dy lu`t dw mwl lY ky A&Zwinsqwn nUM cl ipAw[ rsqy ivc srhMd kol is`KW ny hmlw kr ky aus dy lu`t dy mwl dw kuJ Bwr hlkw kr id`qw[ies mgroN is`KW ny ies kw&ly ‟qy mlyrkotly kol iek vwr Pyr hmlw kIqw[ (auN\ is`K JnW dirAw qk A&ZwnW dy kw&ly ‟qy hmlw kr ies dw mwl lu`t ky lu`t dy mwl dw Bwr GtwauNdy rhy sn)[ ies AYkSn ‟qy Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dw pu`qr qYmUr bhuq gu`sy ivc AwieAw Aqy aus ny is`KW qoN bdlw lYx dw &Yslw kIqw[
jd qYmUr qy Aihmd Swh dw jrnYl jhwn ^wn jlMDr pu`jy qW jlMDr dy &Ojdwr nwsr AlI ny aus nUM srhMd nyVy is`KW v`loN lu`t mwr dw bdlw lYx vwsqy krqwrpur ‟qy hmlw krn vwsqy slwh idqI[ aus vyly krqwrpur ivc vfBwg isMG (DIr m`l dIpMjvIN pIVHI) rih irhw sI Aqy BweI gurdws dI klm nwl iliKAw gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp vI aus kol hI sI[ qYmUr ny ies ngr ‘qy hmlw kr ky, lokW dw kqlyAwm Aqy lu`t-mwr krn mgroN ies Sihr nUM A`g lw idqI[ ies A`g ivc gurduAwrw QMmH swihb Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb dw pihlw srUp vI sV gey[ ies mOky ‟qy vfBwg isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy aus ‟qy bhuq qS`dd kIqw igAw[ (iek rwq nUM aus dy kuJ cyly aus nUM ihrwsq ivcoN k`F ky mOjUdw ihmWcl dy ipMf mOVI ivc lY gey[ auh eynw dihl igAw ik muV ky mOVI ipMf ‘coN ikqy nhIN igAw qy dihSq nwl dihilAw hoieAw auh cwr swl mgroN 31 dsMbr 1761 dy idn mr igAw)[
krqwrpur ivcly mOjUdw srUp (srUpW) dI AslIAq
1765 qoN mgroN, jd is`KW dw rwj kiem ho igAw qW DIr m`l dy ^wndwn dy iek prvwr ny krqwrpur Aw ky Pyr kbzw kr ilAw[ ikauN ik gurU gRMQ swihb dw pihlw srUp (BweI gurdws ilKq) sV cukw sI; ies kr ky ienHW DIrm`lIAW ny kuJ purwxIAW h`Q ilKq bIVW l`B ky hwisl kIqIAW, ijhVIAW ik KwrI bIV dIAW nklW hn[
A`j auh ijs srUp nUM BweI gurdws dw iliKAw hox dw dsdy hn auh drAsl iek nhIN cwr bIVW hI hn[ auh kdy iksy nUM Asl bIV kih dyNdy hn qy kdy iksy nUM[ ienHW ny jd BweI joD isMG nUM bIV idKweI qW aunHW ny aus bIV dy ihswb nwl ikqwb ilK id`qI qy jd iksy hor nUM koeI hor bIV idKweI qW aus ny aus dy ihswb nwl ies bwry lyK ilK id`qw[ iesy kr ky joD isMG, jI. bI. isMG, pRo. swihb isMG, kwnH isMG nwBw ny v`K v`K nqIjy k`Fy hn[ drAsl ieh swrIAW KwrI bIV dIAW nklW hn[
pihlW auh ivdvwnW UM ieh srUp idKw dyNdy sn pr hux auh iksy nUM vI nhIN idKWdy[ 1998 ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny myry (fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr) hyT ies sb kmytI bxweI sI pr krqwrpurIAW ny jvwb id`qw sI ik AsIN hux ieh srUp isr& dUroN hI idKWdy hW[
ies bIV ivc hyT ilKy pqry ^wlI hn (iek pqry ivc do s&y huMdy hn):
22 (1,2), 25 (1), 26 qoN 27, 60 (2), 80 (2) qoN 85 (1), 97 (2) qoN 99 (1), 105 (2) qoN 107, 110 (1), 111 (1,2), 115 (1,2), 122 (1) qoN 124 (1), 152 (1), 161 (2), 162 (1), 189 (1,2), 195 (1), 200 (1), 201 (1), 203 (1), 210 (1), 213 (2), 214 (1), 219 qoN 221 (3 pqry, 6 s&y), 228 (2), 248 (1), 256 (2), 259 (2), 260 qoN 261, 262 (1), 271 (1) A`Dy qoN vD, 272 (1,2), 280 (1,2), 281 (1), 283 (1) isr& tyFw vwihgurU iliKAw hY, 298 (1), 299 (1), 302 (1), 311 (1), 312 (1), 313 (2), 314 (1), 315 (1), 316 (2), 318 (2), 319 (1), 320 (1), 321 (1), 323 (1,2), 324 (1), 335 (2), 336 (1), 347 (2), 349 (1), 352 (1,2), 355 (1), 356 (1,2) qoN 359 (1) (swFy 3 pqry, 7 s&y), 375 (1,2) qoN 377 (1) (FweI pqry, 5 s&y), 378 (2), 381 (1), 385 (2), 387 (1,2), 389 (2), 390 (1), 391 (1,2), 392 (2), 393 (1), 397 (1,2), 398 (2), 407 (1), 408 (1), 409 (1), 410 (1), 411 91), 412 (1), 413 (1), 416 (1), 417 (1), 418 (1), 420 (1), 421 (1,2), 422 (1,2), 427 qoN 428 hwSIey dIAW klIrW vI nhIN hn, 430 (2), 435 (1), 441 (1), 442 (2), 450 (1) A`Dy qoN vD, 450 (2), 451 (1), 454 (2), 455 (1) 461 (1), 474 (1,2), 475 (1), 478 (1,2), 479 (1), 488 (1,2), 589 (2), 490 (1) 496 (2) 498 A`Dw 506 (2), 509 (1), 512 (1) 514 (2), 515 (1), 517 (2), 521 (2), 524 (1) 529 (2), 536 (1), 537 qoN 538, 539 (1), 540 (1,2), 546 (2), 547 (1,2), 551 (2), 552 (1), 553 (1,2), 554 (2), 555 (2), 557 (2), 558 (1,2), 567 (2), 575 (2), 576 (1), 577 (1,2), 578 (1), 581 (1,2), 582 (2) 583 (1), 587 (1,2), 589 (1), 590 (1), 591 qoN 592, 593 (1), 596 (2), 597 (1), 598 (2), 601 (2), 603 (1,2), 608 (1,2), 609 (1), 611 (1,2), 612 (1), 613 (2), 614 (1), 617 (2), 618 (1), 619 (2), 620 (1), 622 (1,2), 623 (1,2), 624 (1), 627 (2), 628 (1,2), 630 (1,2), 631 (1), 633 (2), 634 (1), 636 (2), 637 (1), 638 (1), 639 qoN 646 (1) qk swFy 7 pqry, 15 s&y, 651 (2), 653 (2), 656 (1), 659 (2), 660 (2), 661 (1), 663 (1), 665 (1), 671 (2), 672 (1), 679 (1,2), 680 (1), 681 (1), 682 (1,2), 683 (1,2), 684 (1,2) AMk vI nhIN auN\ hI vrkw n`QI hY, 692 (2), 693 (1,2) 695 (1,2), 699 (1,2), 703 (2), 704 (1,2), 705 (1), 707 (1), 717 (2), 723 (2), 724 (1), 729 (1,2), 730 (2), 731 (2), 735 (2), 743 (2), 745 (1), 751 (2), 754 (1), 756 (1,2), 758 (1), 759 (1), 761 (1), 765 (1,2), 766 (1), 767 (1), 790 (1), 793 (1), 794 (1), 795 (2), 797 (1), 801 (1,2), 802 (1), 809 (1), 815 (2), 816 (1), 817 91), 819 (2), 820 (2), 821 (2), 822 (1), 824 (1), 829 (1,2), 835 (1,2), 838 (1,2), 842 (2) qy 843 (1) ieh dovyN kwZz vKry hn qy hwSIey dIAW lkIrW vI nhIN, 849 (1,2), 851 (1), 856 (2), 857 (1,2), 858 (1,2), 859 (1), 863 (1), 864 (1), 865 (1), 872 (1,2), 873 (1), 875 (1), 877 (1), 878 (1), 879 (1), 884 (1), 890 (1), 892 (2), 893 (2), 896 (1), 897 (1), 902 (1,2), 907 (1), 913 (2), 920 (2), 921 (1), 927 (1), 931 (2), 932 (1), 937 (1), 938 (1) 944 (1,2), 944 (1,2), 948 (2), 956 qoN 957, 958, 958 dovyN pqry hY eI nhIN, 960 (1) 964 (1) qk swFy 4 pqry 9 s&y, 905 pqrw hY eI nhIN, 973 (2) hwSIAw vI nhIN, 974 (1)[ 974 (2) rwgmwlw pr A`gy hor 4 pqry ^wlI hn[ (mYN koiSS kIqI hY ik swry nMbr not kr lvW pr ho skdw hY ik koeI Gt vD iliKAw igAw hovy)[ pqry nMbr 428, 701, 742, 843 nMbr do-do vwrI hn[ 684, 958, 959, 952 nMbr dy pqry mOjUd hI nhIN hn[
Xwin ies bIV ivc 1948 si&AW (974 pqirAW) ivcoN 453 s&y iblkul ^wlI hn[ keI pqry mOjUd hI nhIN[ keI pqirAW ivc A`Dw ih`sw jW pwlW dIAW pwlW ^wlI hn, qy ieh jgh 133 si&AW ijMnI bx jWdI hY; ies ihswb nwl 1984 ivcoN 586 s&y, Xwin qIjw ih`sw, ^wlI hn[ iPr, QW QW „qy hVqwl Pyr ky Sbd jW l&z k`ty hoey hn[ BweI joD isMG ny ieh kih ky s&weI pyS krn dI koiSS kIqI sI ik gurU jI ny 8-8 pqirAW dIAW 123 sMcIAW bxweIAW hoxgIAW qy hor bwxI Swiml krn dI soc nwl ^wlI C`f id`qIAW hoxgIAW (kI auh Xwin 25-30% hor bwxI l`B pYx bwry socdy sn?)[ pr, aunHW dI ieh dlIl r`d ho jWdI hY ikauNik s&y ^wlI C`fx dw isstm sYNcIAW dy ihswb nwl nhIN[ ieh qW iksy AnwVI bMdy v`loN tukiVAW ivc auqwrw kIqy jwx dw k`cw kMm jwpdw hY[ kI gurU jI jW BweI gurdws nUM ieh ZlqIAW drusq krnw zrUrI nhIN l`gw sI? AijhIAW ZlqIAW nUM gurU swihb v`loN kIqw hoieAw kbUl krnw gurU swihb dI sUJ Aqy BweI gurdws dI kwblIAq auqy S`k krnw jW svwlIAw inSwn lwauxw hY qy aunHW dI byAdbI hY[ gurU jI qy BweI gurdws AYny s&y ^wlI C`fx mgroN, vwDU kwZz k`Fx Aqy s&w nMbr TIk krn qoN ibnw ijldbMdI nhIN sn krvw skdy[
ieM\ hI qqkrw (jo 1 qoN 44 pqry qk hY) ivc bhuq ZlqIAW hn: sRI rwg ivc 3, Awsw ivc 4, dyvgMDwrI,iubhwgVw, vfhMs, soriT ivc iek-iek, goNf ivc 2, rwmklI ivc 5, mwrU, bsMq, mlwr qy kwnVw ivc iek-iek ZlqIAW hn[ iPr „cilqr joqI joiq smwvxy kw‟ qqkrw ivc pqrw 41 „qy hY pr bIV ivc 25 „qy hY, nIswxu mhlw 5 qqkrw ivc 45 qy hY pr bIV ivc 29 „qy hY, jpujI qqkrw ivc pqrw 46 „qy hY pr bIV ivc 45 „qy hY[ auN\ „cilqr joqI joiq smwvxy kw‟ dw pYtrn ATwrvIN sdI vwlw ptnw swihb dy inrmilAW vwlw pYtrn hY[
ieM\ hI, BweI joD isMG dI „rwgmwlw‟ nUM shI mMnx dI isr& ieko dlIl ieh sI ik rwgmwlw ausy ilKweI (^q) ivc hY ijs ivc ies qoN pihlW dy keI s&y hn[ hwlW ik qqkry ivc “rwgmwlw qQw isMGlwdIp kI rwjy iSvnwB kI ibiQAw” iliKAw hY; iPr joD isMG ny isMGlwdIp dI kQw nUM shI ikauN nhIN mMinAw[ ipRMsIpl gMgw isMG, pRo. qyjw isMG qy BweI joD isMG 7 AkqUbr 1945 qoN 11 AkqUbr 1945 qk krqwrpur rhy qy aunHW ny aupr izkr kIqw sB kuJ not kIqw; pr, iPr vI joD isMG ny AVI kIqI ik ies nUM 1604 vwlI Awid bIV mMn ilAw jwvy[ ieh inrw DoKw sI[
guru gRMQ swihb dI gurg`dI vwlI „dmdmI bIV‟ dw mslw
1678 ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny gurU gRMQ swihb dw nvW mukMml srUp iqAwr krvwauxw SurU kIqw[ aus vkq gurU gRMQ swihb dI “Awid bIV” DIrm`lIAW kol mOjUd sI[ DIr m`l Awp qW mr cu`kw sI qy aus dy v`fy pu`qr rwm cMd ƒ vI id`lI ivc kql krvw id`qw sI[ 9 Agsq 1678 ivc rwm cMd dI AMiqm rsm ‟qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny BweI mnI isMG ƒ bkwlw ByijAw[ rsm pUrI hox mgroN BweI mnI isMG ny Bwr m`l ƒ AwiKAw ik gurU swihb gurU gRMQ swihb dw nvW srUp iqAwr krnw cwhuMdy hn, ies kr ky auh kuJ idnW vwsqy “Awid bIV” dy dyvy[ Bwr m`l ny bIV c`k nwnkI Byjx vwsqy Ais`Dy qrIky nwl nWh kr id`qI Aqy AwiKAw ik mYN hux bkwlw C`f ky krqwrpur (jlMDr) rihx l`g pYxw hY[ gurU swihb iksy ƒ au~Qy Byj ky “Awid bIV” dw auqwrw krvw lYx[ ies mgroN gurU swihb BweI mnI rwm (isMG) ny gurU swihb dI hdwieq ‟qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI bwxI Swiml kr ky dmdmI srUp iqAwr kIqw[ ikauNik ieh srUp dmdmw swihb (AnMdpur swihb) ivc mukMml kIqw igAw sI ies kr ky ies nUM „dmdmI bIV‟ nW id`qw igAw sI (ieh dmdmw qlvMfI swbo vwlw nhIN hY)[
1706 ivc, ies Aw^rI srUp dI nkl qlvMfI swbo ivc iqAwr kIqI geI[ ies mgroN ies dy keI auqwry kIqy gey sn[ iek crcw muqwibk bwbw dIp isMG ny 4 auqwry kIqy sn (BwvyN koeI purwxw qvwrI^I somw ies dI qweId nhIN krdw)[ 6 AkqUbr 1708 nUM iesy mukMml srUp ƒ sdIvI gurU vjoN gurg`dI id`qI sI qy ies ƒ gurU gRMQ swihb ikhw jwx l`gw sI[
ijs dmdmI srUp nUM guru goibMd swihb ny gurg`dI id`qI sI; auh nMdyV ivc ipAw sI[ BweI dXw isMG qy bweI Drm isMG dI mOq mgroN is`K aus dmdmI srUp nUM auQoN pMjwb lY Awey sn qy bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr nUM sONp id`qw sI[ ieh srUp kw&I dyr qk kSmIr ivc irAwsI fyry „qy kwiem irhw[ ies mgroN Swied auh ibrD hox kr ky dirAw burd kr id`qw igAw sI; pr hux auh auQy mOjUd nhIN hY[
is`KW kol hux nw qW krqwrpurI bIV mOjUd hY qy nw dmdmI bIV; pr dmdmI srUp (ijs nUM gurg`dI id`qI geI sI) dIAW bhuq swrIAW shI nklW mOjud hn[ rwgmwlw Aqy kuJ kU hor kivqwvW, ijnHW bwry ivdvwn spSt kr cuky hn, mgroN pw ky srUp nUM ivgwVn dI koiSS keI vwr huMdI rhI hY; pr, shI srUp Aj vI kwiem hY[
fwktr hrijMdr isMG idlgIr