kwmwgwtwmwrU (kuJ byS kImqI nukqy)
1913 ivc 10000 pMjwbI sn[ 90% is`K[ 80% swbkw &OjI[
| mukwmI is`K (1).17 -18 julweI dI rwq nUM 125 &OjIAW Aqy ispwhIAW qy hor Amly ny hmlw kIqw[ musw&rW ny nyVy nw Fukx id`qw qy hmlwvrW ivcoN 20 jxy z^mI ho ky hspqwl jw pu`jy[ |
| (2).mukwmI lokW dI siprt: jy jhwz ‘qy golI clweI qW vYnkUvr Sihr PUk idAWgy[ |
| (3).&Mf dI loV peI qW 15 hzwr dI QW 66 hzwr fwlr iek`Ty ho gey[ |
| (4).jhwz dI vwpsI ‘qy sohn isMG Bknw ny 200 ipsqOlW qy kwrqUsW dy 2 bksy jhwz ivc rKvw id`qy[ jy gurid`q isMG smuMdr ivc nw sut`dw qW qlwSI vyly swry muswi&r Ps jWdy[ |
| (5)guridq isMG PVn dI koiSS bjbj nwkwm kIqI[ – — eykqw |
AkqUbr qy dsMbr ivc kuJ drjn pu`j gey sn jo kwnUnI lVweI mgroN ifport hoxoN bcy sn[
is`Dw s&r kIqw hovy Aqy dUjw, 20 dI jgh 200 fwlr[
2. kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz 21 meI 1914 dy idn vYnkUvr dy pwxIAW ivc pu`jw sI[ 23 meI dy idn ies bu`rwf ienlY¤t ivc sI[
376 ivcoN 36 (10%) gYr is`K (24 muslmwn qy 12 ihMdU) sn[
23 julweI nUM vwips muiVAw[
5 sqMbr 1914: bylw isMh ny Bwg isMG iB`KI ivMf Aqy bqn isMG mhIAWvwlw nUM shId kIqw[
(73 idn mgroN 18 nvMbr nUM brI kr id`qw;
hwlW ik swry guAwh aus dy i^lw& Bugqy sn)
aus dI if&YNs stytmYNt ‘qy brI kIqw- dunIAW Br dy iensw& dw mzwk[
Aijhw mzwk ieMdrw kql kWf c kyhr isMG nUM &WsI lwaux vyly kIqw igAw sI
vYnkUvr gurduAwry dIAW ShIdIAW qoN 46 idn mgroN
21 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn myvw isMG lopoky ny hwpiknsn nUM mwirAw
9 idn mgroN 30 AkqUbr nUM szw suxw id`qI[
vrlf ihstrI ivc irkwrf smyN ivc muk`dmy dw &Yslw dy ky &WsI
1909 ivc mdn lwl FINgrw dw kys 22 idn mgroN SurU hoieAw sI
aus nUM 17 Agsq dy idn &WsI id`qI geI sI[
(a) 25 eyjMt swry ihMdU[
(A) srkwr ihMdUAW nUM ZdwrI dy mwihr qy Apxy v&wdwr mMndI sI[ jhwz ivcoN ihMdU fw rGU nwQ isMh r`K ilAw[ Zdwr Bwn ish nhIN r`iKAw[
(e) rUs ivc bolSyivk kbzw 1917 ivc hoieAw sI[ ZdrI kimaUinst ikvyN ho skdy sn?
(s) Bwrq mwqw qy vMdy mwqrm lwlw hridAwl dI i&rkU swizS dw is`tw sn[ lwlw hridAwl dw swzSI rol Aqy aus dI ZdwrI dI bhuq lMmI gwQw hY jo ies crcw ivc pyS nhI kr irhw[
Zdr lihr (1913-1919) bwry sB qoN kImqI somw A`j vI AweIsmONgr qy slYtrI dI irport AYn AkwaUNt Aw& Zdr kWspIrysI (1917) Aqy sfISn kmytI irport (1918) hY, hwlW ik ieh srkwrI A&srW dIAW ^u&IAw irportW hn[ ies qoN ielwvw Zdr fwierYktrI (1916 qy 1934) ivc vI bhuq kImqI jwxkwrI mOjUd hY[ jIvnI swihq ivc: sicMdr nwQ sicAwl dI bMdI jIvn (nvIN AYfISn 2006), hrnwm isMG kwlwsMGw bwry (pRIqm isMG kwlw sMGw ilKq qy SmHw bldI rhI (1972), jsvMq isMG js dIAW iqMn ikqwbW bwbw gurid`q isMG (1970), bwbw ivswKw isMG (1979) bwbw sohx isMG Bknw (1983), sohn isMG puMnI dI knyfw dy ZdrI XoDy (2009), Bgq isMG iblgw dI inrBY XoDy bwbw gurmuK isMG dI jIvnI (1989), fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr dI fw: Twkr isMG ieklwhw (2008), sohx isMG Bknw (myrI rwm khwxI 2012), hrnwm isMG kwlwsMGw dI myrI Awqm kQw (2012), Ajmyr is`DU dI bwbw bUJw isMG: &rwm Zdr tU nkslbwVI – Ayn Antolf storI (2013)[
ies qoN ielwvw gurdyv isMG idEl dI d rol Aw& d Zdr pwrtI ien d nYSnl mUvmYNt (1969), gurcrn isMG sihMsrw dI Zdr pwrtI dw ieiqhws (1972 ), sohn isMG joS dI ihMdusqwn Zdr pwrtI: ey Swrt ihstrI (1974), Bgq isMG iblgw dI Zdr lihr dy AxPoly vrky (1989) Aqy srbjIq isMG dI Zdr lihr: ieiqhws, rwjnIqI qy swihq (2008) ivc vI bhuq kImqI jwxkwrI mOjUd hY[ ieM\ hI rwjivMdr isMG rwhI dI Zdr lihr dI Asl gwQw (2 ijldW, 2012) qoN ielwvw gurmyl isMG is`DU dy lyK vI bhuq sMjIdw Koj ikrqW hn[ hrIS ky. purI dI Zdr mUvmYNt (1983) vI Zdr lihr bwry hY[ igAwnI kysr isMG dIAW Zdr lihr dI kivqw (1995) qy Zdr lihr dI vwrqk (2008) ies lihr bwry sm`grI dw iek ^zwnw hn[ ikrqI mYZzIn (1926 qoN 1930) dIAw &weIlW ivc bhuq kImqI jwxkwrI sMBwlI peI hY[ ZdrIAW dy kys dw AdwlqI &Yslw mwlivMdr isMG vVYc ny lwhOr kWspIrysI kys hyT 2008 ivc CwipAw sI[
kwmwgwtw jhwz bwry guridq isMG dI ikqwb zulmI kQw (nvIN AYfISn, 2007) qoN ielwvw sohn isMG joS dI trYjfI Aw& kwmwgwtw mwrU (1975) vI vDIAw Koj hY[ auN\ ies sbMDI iek ikqwb ihaU jOhnstn ny voeyj Aw& kwmwgwtw mwrU (1979) vI ilKI sI, ies ikqwb ivc sohn knyfw srkwr dIAW ^u&IAw irportW dI pySkwrI vDyrI hY[ies sbMDI iek hor kImqI Koj fw: pUrn isMG dI kwmwgwtwmwrU dw duKWq (2008) hY; fw: pUrn isMG dI iek hor ikqwb BweI Arjn isMG cMd dI ieiqhwsk fwierI (2008) vI kuJ nukiqAW dw Anmol ^zwnw hY[
(fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)