gurduAwrw (qvwrI^ Aqy &ls&w)
gurduAwrw l&z do l&zW dy myl qoN bixAw hY: „gurU‟ qy „duAwrw‟ (drvwzw)[ ies ƒ AsIN „gurU ƒ imlx dy rsqy dw drvwzw‟ AwK skdy hW; jW ieµ\ AwK lE ik ijs dr ‟qy jw ky gurU dy drSn krn vwsqy jweIdw hY; Aqy, ijs qoN A`gy AsIN vwihgurU nUM imlx vwsqy s&r SurU krdy hW[
gurduAwrw „gurU dw Gr‟ nhIN hY; ies nUM „gurU-Gr‟ kihxw Zlq hY; ieh koeI iemwrq nhIN hY[ gurduAwrw, is`K vwsqy, gurU nUM imlx dy rsqy „qy (Aqy ies mgroN r`b nwl imlwp dy rsqy „qy) jwx, gurU v`l turn dI, is`KI gwfI rwh dI, SurUAwq hY, A^Ir nhIN[ gurduAwry jwxw, m`Qw tykxw, pRSwd lYxw, lMgr Ckxw, kIrqn, kQw, lYkcr suxnw is`KI dI isr& SurUAwq hn; gurU dI isiKAw „qy Aml krnw ies dw Aglw pVwA hY[ s`cI is`KI ijaUxw mukqI dI SurUAwq hY[ ijvyN skUl dy gyt qk jwx nwl keI S^s iemiqhwn ivcoN pws nhIN ho jWdw; Aqy, aus nUM jmwq ivc jw ky, pVHweI kr ky, sbk nUM smJ ky, Xwd kr ky, mn ivc vsw ky, iemiqhwn dyxw Aqy pws krnw pYNdw hY qW aus nUM snd (srtIi&kyt) hwisl huMdI hY[ isr& gurduAwry (gurU dy drvwzy „qy) jwx nwl is`K pUrw nhIN ho jWdw, auh ADUrw hY; aus nUM is`KI dw iemiqhwn pws krnw pYNdw hY, Xwin is`KI ijaUxI pYNdI hY[ iek hor g`l smJx vwlI hY: keI lok gurduAwry nUM „r`b dw Gr‟ vI kih dyNdy hn; ieh vI shI nhIN hY[ r`b (isr&) gurduAwry ivc nhIN vsdw; auh qW hr jgh mOjUd hY; auh Gt-Gt (Xwin hr iek idl) ivc mOjud hY[ bwbw &rId kihMdy hn: “vsI rb ihAwlIAY…”[(s&w 1378)[ r`b nUM idl ivc imlx vwsqy gurU gRMQ swihb dw hukm hY: “siqgur kI bwxI siq srUpu hY gurbwxI bxIAY ]” (s&w 304)[
gurduAwrw iemwrq/Adwrw/jmwq dI qvwrI^
gurduAwrw l&z, is`K Dwrimk AsQwn vwsqy, au~nHIvIN sdI dy SurU jW ATwrHvIN sdI dy A^Ir ivc vriqAw jwxw SurU hoieAw hY[ hwlW ik gurduAwrw l&z dI vrqoN gurU nwnk swihb ny keI jgh kIqI sI:
gurU duAwrY hoie soJI pwiesI ](s&w 730)
gurU duAwrY AwiK suxwey ](s&w 930)
gurU duAwrY hmrw vIAwhu ij hoAw, jW shu imilAw qW jwinAw] (s&w 351)
gurU duAwrY nwau pweIAY, ibnu siqgur plY n pwie] (s&w 1015)
gurU Amr dws swihb ny vI gurduAwrw l&z dI vrqoN kIqI sI:
gurduAwrY soeI bUJY, ijs no Awip buJwey](s&w 1234)
gurUduAwrY lwie BwvnI, ieknw dsvw duAwru idKwieAw] (s&w 922)
gurU rwm dws swihb dI bwxI ivc vI gurduAwrw l&z imldw hY :
gurduAwrY hoie kY, swihbu sµmwlyhu ] (s&w 554)
gurU Arjn swihb ny vI gurduAwrw l&z vriqAw sI :
gurduAwrY hir kIrqnu suxIAY] (s&w 1075)
pr ienHW swirAW SbdW ivc ieh l&z „gurduAwrw‟ dI iemwrq vwsqy nhIN vriqAw igAw sI[ ienHW ivc gurU dy crnW, gurU dI bwxI, gurU dI is`iKAw, gurU dI mq v`l ieSwry hn[ gurU swihb vyly gurduAwry l&z dI vrqoN is`K Drm dy AsQwn vwsqy nhIN huµdI sI[ is`K Drm AsQwn vwsqy, gurU swihb dy vyly, vDyry kr ky, l&z Drmswl hI vriqAw jWdw sI[ BweI gurdws jI pihlI vwr dI 27vIN pauVI ivc ilKdy hn:
Gir Gir Aµdir Drmswl, hovy kIrqnu sdw ivsoAw[
auN\ „Drmswl‟ l&z gurU nwnk swihb ny vI (jpu jI swihb ivc) iesqymwl kIqw sI aunHW ny ies swrI DrqI ƒ „Drmswl‟ AwiKAw sI[ BweI gurdws jI dI vwr pµjvyN – CyvyN pwiqSwh dy vyly (1570-1638 dy ivckwrly smyN) dI ilKI hoeI sI, qy aus ivc Drmswl l&z dI vrqoN Dwrimk AsQwn vwsqy kIqI geI sI[ Xwin audoN Drm AsQwn ƒ Drmswl ikhw jWdw hovygw[ gurU Amrdws swihb vyly is`K Drm dy pRcwr vwsqy 22 mMjIAW Aqy 52 pIVHy Qwpy gey sn[
ieh swrIAW 74 jgh Drmswl sn[ ienHW jgh ‟qy, is`K, hr roz iek`Ty ho ky kIrqn kirAw krdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb vyly krqwrpur, gurU Aµgd swihb vyly KfUr swihb, gurU Amr dws swihb vyly goieµdvwl swihb qy gurU rwmdws swihb vyly „gurU dw c`k‟ (AµimRqsr) is`KW dy Drmswl vjoN kwiem hoey sn[ ienHW cwrW jgh ‟qy gurU swihb dIvwn sjWdy sn, lµgr cldy sn, kIrqn qy kQw dw pRvwh cldw sI[ dyiKAw jwey qW pihly iqµn gurU swihb ny krqwrpur, KfUr swihb Aqy goieµdvwl ivc Drmswlw nhIN bxweIAW blik ikauNik gurU swihb au~Qy rihµdy sn qy aunHW dw Awpxw Gr Drmswlw hI sI[ gurU rwmdws swihb ny is`K-ngr „gurU dw c`k‟ vsw ky au~Qy sB qoN pihlW srovr (AµimRqsr) bxwieAw[ Ajy vI gurU swihb ny Drmswl nhIN sI bxweI[ gurU swihb dw Gr (gurU dy mihl) hI Drmswl sI[ sB qoN pihlW gurU AsQwn drbwr swihb (drbwr swihb) bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies dI auswrI gurU Arjn swihb ny krvweI sI[ 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn gurU gRµQ swihb dw pihlw pRkwS ie`Qy hI kIqw igAw sI[ so, Ajoky gurduAwry dI nINh 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn qoN drbwr swihb, „„gurU dw c`k‟‟ Sihr (hus AµimRqsr) ivc r`KI geI sI[ gurU Arjn swihb ny „„gurU dw c`k‟‟ ivc rwmsr srovr iqAwr krvwieAw[ aunHW ny „„gurU dw c`k‟‟ qoN ielwvw qrnqwrn ivc vI srovr bxvwieAw, Cyhrtw ivc Cy hrtW vwlw KUh lvwieAw, krqwrpur (jlµDr) vswieAw, ruhIlw dI Qyh ‟qy goibµdpur (hux hrgoibµdpur) vswieAw[
is`K kOm dw Dwrimk pRogrwm rUhwnIAq dy nwl-nwl lok syvw vI sI[ gurU Amr dws swihb ny pIx dy pwxI dw mslw h~l krn vwsqy goieMdvwl ivc bwaulI bxvweI[ gurU rwm dws swihb ny sMgqW dy nhwaux vwsqy gurU dw c~k ivc srovr (sµqoKsr) SurU krvwieAw, AµimRqsr srovr bxvwieAw, KUh luAwey[ gurU Arjn swihb ny gurU dw c`k ivc iek hor srovr, gurU dI vfwlI ivc Cyhrtw KUh qy hor keI AsQwn iqAwr krvwey[ Awp ny lwhOr ivc bwaulI bxvweI;Gu`kyvwlI (AµimRqsr) ivc bwg lgvwieAw[ CyvyN pwiqSwh ny vI keI KUh lgvwey; goibµdpur, krqwrpur qy kIrqpur ngrW nUM vDwieAw[ Awp ny mwlvy ivc frOlI BweI ivc vI lok-BlweI vwsqy bwaulI bxvweI[ sqvyN qy ATvyN pwiqSwh ny vI lok-BlweI ‟c bhuq ih`sw pwieAw[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny „„c`k nwnkI‟‟ vswieAw; aunHW ny qlvµfI swbo ‟c vI gurUsr (srovr) iqAwr krvwieAw, Dmqwn (izlHw jINd) ivc KUh lvwieAw, bxI bdrpur ‟c KUh lvwieAw[ aunHW ny Aswm ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc QVHw bxvwieAw[ Gu`kyvwlI dy bwg ƒ „„gurU dw bwg‟‟ dI Skl id`qI[ dsvyN pwiqSwh ny Anµdpur, pwauNtw swihb, grU dw lwhOr vswey[ aunHW Anµdpur swihb ‟c bwaulI bxvweI, FkOlI ‟c bwaulI bxvweI, ikµny hI KUh lvwey, Cy iklHy bxvwey[ gurU swihb lok-BlweI vwsqy keI hor jgh vI KUh, bwaulIAW, srovr, ngr vgYrw bxwauNdy rhy[ ijµny vI ngr gurU swihb ny vswey, swry hI gurU swihb dIAW DrmswlW hI qW sn[ hr jgh gurbwxI dw kIrqn, kQw, dIvwn qy lµgr cldy sn[
dsm pwiqSwh vyly qk l&z Drmswl Awm vriqAw imldw hY[ qwrI^ ivc keI jgh izkr imldw hY ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb id`lI ivc jw ky iek CINby is`K BweI kilAwxw dI Drmswlw ivc hI TihirAw krdy sn[ pµjvyN pwiqSwh ny AµimRqsr srovr dy ivckwr jo muk`ds QW kwiem kIqw aus dw nW drbwr swihb r`iKAw[ CyvyN pwiqSwh ny Awpxy q^q nUM Akwl q^q dw nW id`qw[ dsvyN pwqSwh vyly Anµdpur swihb ivc sIs gµj, dmdmw swihb XwdgwrW bx cu`kIAW sn[ gurU swihb dy vyly l&z „„gurduAwrw‟‟ jW koeI hor nW nhIN sI qy isrP „sIs gµj‟ qy „dmdmw swihb‟ hI nW sn[ CyvyN pwiqSwh ny vI gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI vwlI jgh ‟qy jo iemwrq bxweI aus dw nW isr& fyhrw (dyhurw) swihb hI r`iKAw sI[
gurU swihb qoN mgroN vI XwdgwrI jgh ‟qy QVHw bxw id`qw jWdw sI[ „„QVHw swihb‟‟ qoN ielwvw iek hor nW „„mµjI swihb‟‟ vI Aksr vriqAw jWdw irhw hY[ ATwrHvIN sdI qk „„gurduAwrw‟‟ l&z ikqy nhIN imldw[ bwbw bGyl isµG qy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny 1783-84 ivc id`lI ivc gurU swihb dIAW XwdgwrW bxweIAW[ aunHW ny vI ienHW dy nW sIs gµj, rkwb gµj, bµglw swihb, bwlw swihb r`Ky[ ienHW dy nwl gurduAwrw nW 1850 qoN bwAd inrmly pujwrIAW v`loN id`qw igAw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw audwsIAW dy Aihd ivc „fyrw‟ qy inrmilAW dy ieµqzwm hyT „AKwVw‟ vI ikhw jWdw irhw sI[ 1920 qoN mgroN audwsIAW qy inrmilAW ny Awpxy fyry qy AKwVy gurduAwirAW qoN vKirAw ley[^Yr, hux hr is`K Dwrimk QW ƒ gurduAwrw hI AwiKAw jWdw hY[
kuJ gurduAwirAW nUM A`j klH q^q dw nW vI id`qw joieAw hY[ ieh auh jgh hn ij`Qy gurU swihbwn Awpxw drbwr lwieAw krdy sn (ij`Qy gurU hwzr hY, auh jgh hI q^q hY, koeI iemwrq q^q nhIN huMdI; Akwl q^q vI gurU swihb vyly q^q sI; hux ieh iek auh gurduAwrw hY, ij`Qy gurU jI drbwr lwieAw krdy sn Aqy q^q „qy bYiTAw krdy sI[ ieh koeI g`dI jW Ahudw jW duinAwvI q^q nhIN hY)[ jd gurI jI auQy huMdy sn qW audoN ienHW jgh nUM q^q vI ikhw jWdw sI[ hux aunHW gurduAwirAW dw nW q^q r`K id`qw igAw hY[ is`K vwsqy ieh q^q swihb qy bwkI dy gurduAwrw ieko ijMnI AhmIAq r`Kdy hn[ koeI vDyry pwik (piv`qr) qy koeI G`t pwik, koeI Cotw koeI v`fw, koeI pihloN koeI ip`CoN nhIN
gurduAwrw l&z dw &ls&w p`K
is`KW &ls&y ivc gurduAwry ^ws AihmIAq r`Kdy hn[ is`K gurduAwry ‟coN rUhwnIAq hwisl krdy hn[ gurduAwrw is`K vwsqy (ihMdU mMdrW vW|) pUjw dI jgh nhIN[ gurduAwry ivc jw ky sµgq ivc bYTxw, pwT suxnw, kIrqn qy kQw suxnI is`K dI G`to-G`t zrUrq hY[ ies ibnW is`K ADUrw hY, bOxw hY[ sµgq ivc nw Awaux vwlw is`K, is`KI dI iek v`fI KUbI qoN vWiJAw rihµdw hY[ gurU swihb ny Drmswl nUM is`K BweIcwry dw kOmI sYNtr bxwieAw sI, ij`Qy Aw ky is`K BweIcwry dI mdd krdw Aqy mdd lY skdw sI[ gurU swihb vyly hr Drmswl dy nwl iek srW Aqy lMgr huMdw sI[ muswi&r qy loVvMd vwsqy auQy Awsrw imldw sIY[ieh swrw kuJ is`K BweIcwry ƒ rUhwnI qy smwijk p`KoN iek Gr dy mYNbr hox dw Aihsws dyx vwsqy sI[
gurduAwrw, sµgq, pµgq, lµgr is`K dI BweIcwrk izµdgI dw Durw hY[ is`K ie`QoN inmrqw is`Kdw hY, haumY dw ^wqmw krdw hY, rUhwnIAq, syvw, BweIcwrk ipAwr Aqy kOmIAq dIAW KUbIAW is`Kdw hY[ gurduAwrw is`K dw rUhwnI, ielmI, BweIcwrk, isAwsI qy kOmI skUl hY[ ijvyN skUl jwey ibnW koeI vI pws nhIN ho skdw ieµ\ hI gurduAwry jwey ibnW is`K ADUrw hY[
is`K ƒ sµgq ivc gurU swihb dIAW inSwnIAW nzr AwauNdIAW hn[ s`cI sµgq qW is`K vwsqy „„s`cKµf‟‟ hY; s`cI sµgq ivc vwihgurU Awp vsdw hY[ijs ny gurU dy drSn krny hn, aus ƒ sµgq ivc (pr s`cI* sMgq ivc) jwxw hI pvygw[ ijs ny jnm mrn dy fr qoN mukqI pwauxI hY Aqy vwihgurU dI drgwh ivc kbUl hoxw hY, aus ƒ gurduAwry bwkwiedw jwxw peygw qy jwxw vI SrDw nwl peygw[ gurduAwry ivc jw ky ^udI ƒ Bulwauxw hovygw[
s`cI sMgq* kI hY?
s`cI sMgq gurduAwry ivc hoieAw Awm iek`T nhIN, blik auh mwhOl hY ijs ivc gurU dI, Ksm dI, r`b dI is&q huMdI hY:
sqsMgiq kYsI jwxIAY] ijQY eyko nwmu vKwxIAY] (s&w 72)
jo jn primiq prmnu jwnw] bwqn hI bYkuMT smwnw] nw jwnw, bYkuMTu khw hI] jwnu jwnu siB khih qhw hI] khn khwvn nh pqIAeI hY] qau mnu mwnY, jw qy haumY jeI hY] jb lgu min bYkuMT kI Aws] qb lgu hoie nhI crn invwsu] khu kbIr ieh khIAY kwih] swD sMgiq bYkuMTY Awih] (s&w 325)
bYkuMT ngru jhw sMq vwsw] pRB crx kml ird mwih invwsw](s&w 742)
mukiq Bugiq jugiq qyrI syvw ijsu qUM Awip krwieih]
qhw bYkuMTu jh kIrqnu qyrw qUM Awpy srDw lwieih] (s&w 749)
ATsiT qIrQ jh swD pg Drih] qh bYkuMTu jh nwmu aucrih] (s&w 890)
is`K Awp gurduAwrw nhIN ho skdw
gurduAwrw is`K pMQ dw Durw hY[ gurduAwrw auh jgh hY ijQy Drm muqwibk jIxw isKwieAw jWdw hY[ is`K vwsqy lwzmI hY ik ijMnw vI mumikn ho sky auh gurduAwry ivc hor sMgqW nwl bYT ky kIrqn suxy Aqy syvw kry[ gurduAwrw isr& Dwrimk sYNtr hI nhIN; ieh rUhwnI, BweIcwrk qy qwlImI (igAwn qy ividAw dw) mrkz vI hY[
is`K gurduAwry jWdw hY, pr, auh Awp gurduAwrw nhIN ho skdw[ ikauN ik jy aus ivc ^ud dy gurduAwrw hox dw Aihsws Aw igAw qW auh lokW qoN m`Qw itkwaux lg pvygw jW lok Awp aus nUM m`Qw tykx lg pYxgy[ iPr is`K guru v`l nhIN jwxgy; swD iehI kuJ krvw rhy hn; auh ^ud nUM gurU qy gurU dw duAwrw, guru dw Gr grdwn rhy hn[ gurduAwry ivc s`cI sMgq dw vwsw hY, bMdy dy AMdr sMgq dw vwsw nhIN huMdw, blik bMdw s`cI sMgq ivc jWdw hY[[„gurduAwrY hir kIrqnu suxIAY‟ (s&w 1075); kIrqn guru dy duAwry ivc hY; bMdy ivc nhIN hY[
hW, is`K ny gurduAwry dI ^uSbU nUM Awpxy idl, AwpxI rUh ivc vswauxw hY[ „Gr Gr AMdr Drmswl‟ dw mwAnw ij`Qy hr is`K dy Gr (mkwn) ivc Drmswl dw mwhOl bxwauxw hY Aqy ausy qrHW Awpxy Gr (idl) ivc vI gurduAwry dw mwhOl bxwauxw hY[ pr bMdy dw idl gurduAwrw nhIN bx jwxw; gurmiq dw mwhOl gurmiq dI ^uSbU gurduAwrw hY[
gurduAwry jW guru gRMQ swihb dI pirkrmw/ pRdKxw
pirkrmw „pir‟ Aqy „krm‟ dy myl qoN bixAw hY[ „pir‟ dw mwAnw hY: cwry pwsy, ierd igrd, ieDr auDr; Aqy „krm‟ dw mwAnw hY kMm, kwrj, kwrvweI[ pRkrmw/ prkrmw/ pirkrmw dw mwAnw hY: cwry pwsy jwx lwaux dw kMm; Xwin iksy cIz dy duAwly (iek jW vD) c`kr lwauxw, cuqr&y PyrI dyxw, GuMmxw, gyVw dyxw[ pRdKxw: pRdKxw dw mwAnw hY: K`by qoN s`jy pwsy GuMmxw (GuMMmdy smyN dyvI/ dyvqy dI mUrqI jW A`g dI vydI hmySw s`jy pwsy hovy)[ ihMdU m`q ivc dyvI duAwly iek, iSv duAwly fyF, gxyS duAwly 3, ivSnUM duAwly 4, sUrj duAwly 6, A`g duAwly 7 c`kr lwey jWdy hn[
is`K &ls&y ivc krmkWf dI koeI QW nhIN hY[AkwlI PUlw isMG dI ShIdI (1823) mgroN, jd inrmilAW (sMq isMG igAwnI, gurmuK isMG, drbwrw isMG) ny drbwr swihb dw ieMqzwm sMBwilAw qW aunHW ny ihMdUAW dI „pirkrmw‟ vI drbwr swihb dI „mirAwdw‟ ivc Swiml krn dI koiSS kIqI[ aunHW ny drbwr swihb m`Qw tykx vwsqy K`by pwsy qoN jw ky drbwr swihb dI drSnI ifaUFI jwx dw krm kWf SurU kIqw[ (ies nUM kuJ bysmJ is`K A`j vI krI jWdy hn)[ ieh is`K &ls&y dy ault hY[ is`KI ivc gurU gRMQ swihb jW gurduAwry dI iemwrq ihMdU dyvI/dyvqw vW| nhIN hY; ies kr ky ies duAwly pirkrmw/pRdKxw dw krm kWf krnw Zlq hY[ drbwr swihb m`Qw tykx vwsqy iksy vI pwsEN jwieAw jw skdw hY[
iesy qrHW A`j-klH kuJ lok gurduAwry ivc jw ky gurU gRMQ swihb dI pirkrmw krdy hn jo ik Zlq hY[ ieh vI ihMdU krm kWf „pRdKxw‟ dI nkl hY[ gurduAwry jw ky m`Qw tyk ky ij`Qy vI jgh iml jwvy bYT jwxw cwhIdw hY nw ik gurU gRMQ swihb dy duAwly c`kr lwaux mgroN[
gurU gRMQ swihb A`gy m`Qw tykxw: gurU gRMQ swihb A`gy m`Qw tykxw iek ‘Bwvwqmk’ kwrvweI nhIN (Bwvwqmk kwrvweI hI krm kWf huMdw hY); ieh gurU gRMQ swihb dw vwk/bcn/isiKAw mMnx vwsqy isr Jukwauxw hY, jd ik prkrmw isr& gyVy dyx dw bRwhmxI krm kWf hY[
gurduAwry dy syvwdwr kOx Aqy ikho ijhy hoxy cwhIdy hn?
Aijhw AsQwn, ijhVw gurU dw duAwrw hovy, ijQoN vwihgurU nwl myl dw rsqw l`Bxw hovy, aus dw mwhOl Aijhw hoxw cwhIdw hY ik au~Qy rUhwnIAq dI KuSbU qwrI hovy[ au~Qy rUhwnIAq dIAW inSwnIAW qW hI nzr AwauxgIAW jy aus dI syvw-sµBwl krn vwly syvwdwrW ivc rUhwnIAq dw vwsw hovy[ gurU-Gr dI syvw-sµBwl ikho ijhy S^s krngy, ies bwry gurU swihb ny Awp disAw sI[ ies dI zwhrw imswl gurU swihb dI qvwrI^ ivcoN imldI hY[
is`K gurDwmW dI syvw-sµBwl sB qoN pihlW bwbw bu`Fw jI dI JolI ivc peI sI[ 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn bwbw bu`Fw jI ƒ drbwr swihb dy gRµQI dI syvw qy nwl hI ies QW dI syvw-sµBwl vI b^SI geI[ jdoN 31 dsµbr 1612 dy idn gurU hrgoibµd swihb gurU dw c`k (AµimRqsr) qoN id`lI v`l jwx lgy sn qW Awp drbwr swihb ivc gRMQ swihb dy pRkwS dI syvw-sµBwl bwbw bu`Fw jI Aqy Akwl q^q swihb dy QVHy dI syvw-sµBwl BweI gurdws jI ƒ sONp gey sn (syvw sONpI sI koeI AKOqI jQydwr nhIN sn bxw gey)[ ieµ\ hI lwhOr ivc gurU rwmdws swihb jI Drmswlw dI syvw-sµBwl ipµf nwnoky dy BweI lµgwh ƒ sONpI geI[ ApRYl 1698 ivc gurU goibµd isµG swihb ny drbwr swihb dI syvw-sµBwl vwsqy BweI mnI isµG jI ƒ qwienwq kIqw sI[ Awp dy nwl BweI
BUpq isµG, BweI gulzwr isµG, BweI koier isµG cµdrw, BweI dwn isµG qy BweI kIrq isµG Byjy gey sn[ 5-6 dsµbr 1705 dI rwq ƒ jdoN dsvyN pwiqSwh ny Anµdpur swihb C`ifAw qW Awp Anµdpur swihb dI syvw-sµBwl BweI gurbKS dws ƒ sONp gey sn[ ieµ\ hI hzUr swihb (nMdyV) dy AsQwnW dI syvw-sµBwl BweI sµqoK dws ƒ id`qI geI sI[ imslW vyly vI drbwr swihb dI syvw-sµBwl jQydwr gurbKS isµG lIlH (ShId) krdy rhy sn[ qlvµfI swbo dI syvw bwbw dIp isµG kol sI[ ATwrHvIN sdI ivc gurduAwirAW dI syvw-sµBwl bu`Fw dl krdw irhw sI[ ies dl ivcoN vI imsl ShIdW ny ^ws qOr ‟qy syvw sµBwl kIqI[ kuJ vkq, jdoN is`KW ƒ pnwhgwhW ivc rihxw ipAw, ieh syvw audwsI gopwl dws ny vI kIqI[ jdoN cVHwvw vD igAw qW gopwl dws lwlcI ho igAw[ aus dI kur`pSn ƒ T`lH pwaux vwsqy cµcl isµG, qy mgroN Awqmw isµG, ny syvw sµBwlI[ ies mgroN bwbw nYxw isµG AkwlI qy Pyr PUlw isµG AkwlI ny drbwr swihb dI syvw sµBwl kIqI[ AkwlI PUlw isµG qoN mgroN mhµqW dI vwrI Aw geI jo 1920 ivc is`K pµQ ny ^qm kr id`qI Aqy SRomxI pRbµDk kmytI ny gurduAwirAW dw ieµqzwm sµBwilAw[
ies dOrwn is`KW dw vDyry iDAwn drbwr swihb Aqy nwnkwxw swihb v`l irhw[ kIrqpur Aqy Anµdpur swihb soFIAW dI syvw sµBwl ivc TIk cldy rhy sn[ gurduAwirAW ivc sB qoN v`fw mslw ieh sI ik mhµq aunHW ƒ AwpxI jwiedwd smJdy sn[
gurduAwry dI iemwrq
Awm qOr ‟qy gurduAwry dy cwr ih`sy huMdy hn: dIvwn hwl (ijQy gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS huMdw hY), lMgr, srW Aqy pMjwbI-gurmuKI, &ls&w qy qvwrI^ pVwaHx vwsqy skUl[ kuJ gurduAwirAW ivc ieh cwry shUlqW huMdIAW hn, pr kuJ gurdAwirAW ivc iek jW v`D shUlqW nhIN vI huMdIAW[ hr gurduAwry ivc ngwrw hoxw vI lwzmI hY Aqy munwisb mOky ‟qy ies ƒ vjwieAw vI jwxw cwhIdw hY[ A`j-klH keI gurduAwirAW v`loN hspqwl vgYrw vI clwey jWdy hn[ bhuqy gurduAwirAW ivc lwiebRyrIAW vI huMdIAW hn[
gurduAwry dI sB qoN muK jgh dIvwn hwl huMdI hY[ ies ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS huMdw hY[ gurU gRMQ swihb ƒ sw& rumwilAW nwl FikAw jWdw hY[ ies dI qwibAw bYTy jW KVyH is`K dy h`Q ivc cOr huMdI hY jo gurU gRMQ swihb ƒ SihnSwh dw Adb dyx vwsqy huMdI hY (cOr m`KIAW htwaux jW hvw dyx vwsqy nhIN huMdI)[ gurU gRMQ swihb dy nyVy iGau dy dIvy bwlxw, gurU dI hzUrI ivc GMtIAW vjwauxw, qwVIAW mwrnw, is`KI AsUlW dy iKlw& hY[ keI lok gurU gRMQ swihb dy nyVy jW hyTW pwxI dw GVw jW ku`jw jW koeI hor BWfw r`K dyNdy hn[ ijhVy lok ies ƒ pwik (piv`qr) jl jW AKOqI AMimRq bxwaux dI soc nwl krdy hn auh by-smJI dw iezhwr krdy hn[ dIvwn hwl ijMnw sw&, pr swdw, ho sky byhqr hY[ vwDU dI sjwvt, cmk-dmk, qVk-BVk, rOSnIAW vgYrW nwl iDAwn Awly-duAwly Btkdw hY Aqy kIrqn, pwT, kQw suxn ‟c rok pYNdI hY[
gurduAwry dy dIvwn hwl ivc qsvIrW lwauxw, iebwrqW jW jYkwry/ nwAry ilKxy vI Zlq hY[ ies mksd vwsqy lwiebRyrI, lMgr-hwl, d&qr, kOrIfor qy lw`bI vrqy jwxy cwhIdy hn[ gurU swihb dIAW ijMnIAW qsvIrW imldIAW hn, auh sB nklI hn Aqy kuJ bMidAW ƒ mwfl ibTw ky jW i^AwlI aufwrIAW nwl bxweIAW heIAW hn qy kuJ ivc qW gurU swihb dI hwso-hIxI sUrq nzr AwauNdI hY[ ies kr ky gurduAwirAW ivc, iksy vI jgHw gurU swihb dIAW nklI qsvIrW nhIN lwauxIAW cwhIdIAW[ aunHW dI jgh ‟qy Sbd jW gurduAwirAW dIAW qsvIrW lweIAW jw skdIAW hn[
kuJ qvwr^I gurduAwry imslW vyly bxy sn, pr bhuqy qvwrI^I gurduAwry is`K rwijAW dI hkUmq smyN bxwey gey sn[ aus qoN pihlW, isr& kuJ hI AsQwn sn, jo gurU swihb ny Awp bxwey sn[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy mrn ip`CoN, gurduAwirAW dw pRbMD iDAwn isMh, gulwb isMh qy hIrw isMh fogrw Aqy bRwhmxW (imsr-bRwhmxW KuShwl cMd, iBvwnI dws, rwm isMh, suK rwj, gMgw rwm, bylI rwm, rUp lwl, ikSn lwl, AXuiDAw pRswd, dInw nwQ, imsr dIvwn cMd, gMgw rwm vZYrw) hwkmW rwhIN audwsIAW Aqy inrmly mhMqW dy h`QW ivc Aw igAw sI qy aunHW ivcoN bhuqy AXwS ho gey sn[ is`KW ƒ ienHW gurduAwirAW dI syvw-sMBwl Awpxy hyT lYx leI pMj swl (1920 qoN 1925 qk) j`dojihd krnI peI sI[ ies lihr ivc sYNkVy hI is`KW ny AwpxIAW jwnW id`qIAW sn Aqy hzwrW hI igR&qwr kIqy gey sn[ hux vI bhuiqAW gurduAwirAW dw ieMqzwm pMQk qrIky muqwibk nhIN hY[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMk kmytI dy AnykW hI mYNbrW dw jIvn is`K &ls&y dy ault hY[ 1920 dy smyN qoN pihlW dy mhMqW dI qrHW auh vI gurduAwirAW nUM AwpxI j`dI jwiedwd smJx l`g pey hn[ A`j gurduAwirAW dy cVHwvy dw 90% ih`sw &zUl qy AYNtI-is`K kwrvweIAW vwsqy ^rc huMdw hY[
(fwktr hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)