fyirAW nUM irAwsqW, muqvwzI inzwm qy AMfr vrlf bxn qoN rokx vwsqy n`Q pwauxI zrUrI hY
ibAws nyVy ipMf vVYc ivc rwDwsuAwmIAW v`loN gurduAwry nUM Fwh ky kbzy ivc krn nwl jo qU&wn auiTAw hY auh Acwxk pYdw hoieAw mslw nhIN[ ieh pihlW vI keI ipMfW nUM kbzy ivc kr cuky hn[ Aijhw krn vwsqy ieh nyVy dy iksy ipMf dy iksy bMdy qoN kuJ vD rkm dy ky zmIn ^rId lYNdy hn qy aus mgroN aus ivc v`fy v`fy toey pu`t dyNdy hn jW rsqw bMd kr dyNdy hn jW ibAws dirAw dI mwr hyT kr dyNdy hn jW koeI hor AijhI hrkq kr dyNdy hn ijs nwl bwkI ikswnW qy hor lokW nUM bhuq-bhuq muSiklW Aw jwx, Aqy ikauN ik srkwr qy puls fyry dI ip`T „qy huuMdI hY, ies kr ky ikswnW qy hor lokW dI koeI bWh nhIN PVdw[ A^Ir auh bybs ho ky ienHW A`gy hiQAwr sut dyNdy hn qy ienHW nUM zmIn mu&q dy BwA iml jWdI hY[ ies qrIky nwl ibAws fyry vwly iek nhIN ikMny hI ipMfW dw nwmo-inSW imtw cuky hn[
rwDw suAwmI fyry dw ipCokV: rwDw suAwmI fyrw iek ihMdU swDU iSv idAwl ny Awgry ivc SurU kIqw sI[ auh 1878 ivc mr igAw[ aus dw iek cylw jYml isMG sI (jo pihlW iek vydWqI swDU Kym isMG dw cylw irhw sI), jo ibRitS AwrmI ivc sI; ijQoN auh 1899 ivc &wrg hoieAw[ auDr Awgry ivc ies grup dw dwl Pulkw msW cldw sI ies kr ky jYml isMG ibAws kol ipMf bwlw srW ivc Aw igAw Aqy ipMf dy gurduAwry dI zmIn „qy kbzw kr ilAw qy J`ugI kwiem kr leI qy iPr in`kw ijhw fyrw kwiem kr ilAw[ 1903 ivc aus dy mrn „qy aus dy iek &OjI dosq dy pu`qr swvn isMG gryvwl ny ies in`ky ijhy fyry nUM sMBwl ilAw; 1948 ivc auh vI mr igAw[ aus dw Aglw vwirs (AMgryzW dw srdwr bhwdr) jgq isMG vI 1951 ivc mr igAw qy hux ieh fyrw crn isMG dy h`Q Aw igAw[ 1990 ivc crn isMG dy mrn „qy guirMdr isMG iF`loN ies dw muKI bixAw[ ibAws fyry dw vwDw crn isMG dy vyly SurU hoieAw sI ikauNik ies nUM pRqwp isMG kYroN ny AkwlIAW dy mukbwly ivc KVHw krn vwsqy isAwsI sRprsqI id`qI sI[ ies kr ky rwDw suAwmIAW dy swry cyly 100% kWgrs nUM hI votW pwauNdy sn[ kYroN dI mdd nwl crn isMG ny fyry dy duAwly kw&I zmIn ^rId leI sI[ pr ies dw Asl PYlwA guirMdr isMG iF`loN dy muKI bxn mgroN SurU hoieAw[ 1978 qoN mgroN pMjwb ivc KwVkU dOr SurU ho igAw[ ies dorwn ibAws fyrw pUrI qrHW kWgrs nUM smripq irhw[ 1992 ivc byAMq isMG cI& minstr bixAw[ guirMdr isMG ny byAMq isMG nwl XwrI pweI Aqy KwVkUAW dy i^lw& pUrw pUrw swQ id`qw[ ies dy nwl hI KwVkUAW dw zvwl hoxw SurU ho igAw Aqy ies dw &wiedw auTWidAW aus ny 1993 qoN mgroN ibAws fyry dy Awly duAwly dI zmIn „qy kbzw krnw SurU kr id`qw[
1997 ivc pRkwS isMG bwdl pMjwb dw cI& minstr bixAw[ hux ibAws fyry nUM Aihsws hoieAw ik pMjwb dw is`K kWgrs nwl n&rq krn lg ipAw hY Aqy ie`Qy AkwlIAW dI srkwr hI bixAw krnI hY[ ieh soc ky ibAws fyry dy muKI guirMdr isMG iF`loN ny p`qy bdl ley[ bwdl ny vI ies fyry dIAW votW dI Aws nwl guirMdr isMG nwl nyVqw kwiem krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ iesy plwinMg hyT 2002 dIAW coxW qoN kuJ icr pihlW bwdl ny mohwlI ivc 23 tukiVAW ivc rwDwsuAwmI zmIn nUM 200 eykV ivc iek`Tw kr ky, sYktr 76 pUrw hI, aunHW nUM dy id`qw sI[ aunHW iPr hor 34.2 eykV zmIn (1650 kroV dI kImq vwlI) qy kbzw vI kr ilAw sI jo 6 swl mgroN KwlI krvwieAw igAw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw ies fyry kol 7 &yz ivc, myn mwrkIt ivc, 1.75 eykV QW hor vI hY[[ ies fyry v`loN ibAws dy Awly duAwly bhuq swry ipMfW Aqy nwl lgdy keI hor ipMfW ivc ikswnW dIAW zmInW nUM D`ky, fr Aqy srkwr Aqy puls ivc bYTy Awpxy „dlwlW‟ rwhIN kbzy ivc kr ilAw hY[ ieh kwrvweI ipCly 40 swl qoN b-dsqUr cl rhI hY pr 1992 ivc byAMq srkwr dy vyly qoN qW ienHW ny swrIAW h`dW pwr kr leIAW hn[ Aj ies fyry kol ibAws ivc 3000 eykV zmIn hY[ ies qoN ielwvw ienHW kol ibAws Sihr ivc hspqwl vwlI zmIn vI hY[ muhwlI dy sYktr 76 ivc 200 eykV, &yz 7 ivc pOxy 2 eykV qoN ielwvw hr ngr hr ipMf ivc pRweIm jgh „qy fyry dIAW zmInW jo 2000 eykV dy krIb hn (Swied vD hI hox); Xwin pMjwb ivc ienHW dy kbzy hyT Gt qoN Gt 6000 eykV zmIn hY eynI zmIn qW SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI hyTly swry gurduAwirAW kol vI nhIN hoxI[ svwl ieh hY ik ies fyry ny 3000 eykV zmIn „qy kwbz hox mgroN hor zmIn kI krnI hY?
mw&IAw inzwm dIAW ^qrnwk swzsW: ivdwvnW ivc ieh Awm crcw cl irhw hY ik ibAws fyry v`loN eynI zmIn „qy kbzy krn dw rwz kI hY? A`j ibAws fyrw iek pRweIvyt inzwm kwiem ho cukw hY[ ienHW dw fyrw iek „irAwsq‟ dw rUp Dwrn kr cukw hY[ ies fyry dI hdUd ivc puls jW srkwrI inzwm dw koeI A&sr vV nhIN skdw[ koeI A&sr ienHW v`l A`K cuk ky nhIN vyK skdw[ sikaUirtI dy nW „qy ienHW dI AwpxI pRweIvyt &Oj hY[ ieh iek „AMfr vrlf‟ bx cukw hY[ ieh Awpxy Awp ivc iek „muqvwzI inzwm/srkwr‟ hY[ crcw hY ik srkwr nUM pUrI qrHW kwbU ivc krn vwsqy guirMdr isMG ny hux qW AwpxI iek BxyvIN jW BqIjI bwdl AkwlI dl dy iek sInIAr AwgU dy Gr ivc ivAwh id`qI hY[ ieM\ hux ibAws fyrw iek qrHW nwl pMjwb dw Ax-AYlwixAw dUjw hwkm vI hY[ auN\ pMjwb ivc isr& ieh hI nhIN blik keI in`ky in`ky, dUjy drjy dy, fyr, AMfr vrlf, Dwrimk mw&IAw, imMnI srkwrW hor vI mOjUd hn, ijnHW ivc BYxI, dodVw, klyrW, rwVw, F`frIAW, AwSUqoS qy drjn kU hor vI hn[
ieh „AMfr vrlf‟ Aqy iek „muqvwzI inzwm/srkwr‟ iek`lI ibAws fyry dI nhIN; hirAwxw ivc srsw fyrw dw vI iehI hwl hY; id`lI ivc inrMkwrI vI ies dw hI iek rUp hn; d`Kx ivc bhuq swry ihMdU mMdr vI iek iek „muqvwzI inzwm/srkwr‟ hn[ ip`Cy ijhy mry sqX sWeI bwbw dI ArbW-KrbW dI dOlq dw rwz KuilHAw sI; ies mgroN iek hor „pRBU‟ dy mrn mgroN aus dI ArbW dI jwiedwdw swhhmxy AweI sI[ inrml bwbw, Awsw rwm, rwm dyv, sRI sRI rvI SMkr, suSIl munI vrgy vI bhuq hn[ ieh sB Dwrimk T`gI Aqy mw&IAw dI dunIAW hY[ ieh Dwrimk mw&IAw ies mulk ivc bhuq v`fI qwkq bxI jw irhw hY[ auN\ ienHW dIAW hrkqW nw qW Dwrimk hn qy nw rUhwnIAq nwl sbMD r`Kx vwlIAW[ ieh qW isAwsI qwkq, ibzns Aqy jurmW dI dunIAW vwlw qrIkw hY[
XUrp ivc vI Aijhw hoieAw sI jd crc ny pop dI qwkq dy nW „qy srkwrW nUM AwpxI D`kySwhI hukmW dI mrzI nwl clwieAw krdy sn[ ikMny hI rwijAW nUM mnmrzI dy hukm dy ky iesweI Drm qoN Kwrj kr dyNdy sn qy aunHW qoN mnmrzI dIAW g`lW mnvwauNdy sn (is`KW ivc vI, 1986 qoN mgroN, Akwl q^q dw AKoqI jQydwr dw nvW Ahudw vI ieh rol Adw kr irhw hY)[ pop/crc dI mlkIAq hyT A`Dw-A`Dw mulk kbzy uivc ilAw hoieAw sI qy aunHW zmInW dI swrI pYdwvwr pop/crc rwhIN vrqI jWdI sI[ ies nwl keI srkwrW qW qkrIbn kMgwl hI ho cukIAW sn[ pop ny swrw zor crcW dIAW eImwrqW bxwaux qy lwieAw hoieAw sI[ lok Bu`Ky mr rhy sn[ 1517 ivc SurU hoeI ir&rmySn lihr hyT mwritn lUQr ikMg Aqy horW v`loN SurU kIqy ienklwb ny ies Dwrimk mw&IAw dI dunIAW nUM n`Q pweI sI[
isr& iesweI pop hI nhIN pihlW ieslwm ivc ^lI&w vI AijhI qwkq huMdw sI[ ieh inzwm A^Ir „Awtomn swmrwj‟ vyly ^qm hoxw SurU hoieAw sI[ Bwrq ivc Dwrimk mw&IAw pihlW vI kwiem sI pr audoN ieh Awpxy Awp nUM “bwbw”, “Bgvwn”, “mhwrwj” nhIN AKvwauNdy sn qy rwijAW dy purohq bx ky aunHW koloN aunHW dy nW hyT mwl-m`qw iek`Tw krdy sn[ iesy kr ky somnwQ, mQrw, gokul, kWgVw, d`Kx ivc mMdr bxy sn ijnHW „qy ArbW KrbW dw sonw qy hIry l`gy hoey sn, ijnHW ivc kuJ mihmUd ZznvI qy kuJ Aihmd swh du`rwnI lu`t ky lY igAw[
AnpVH lok ies mw&IAw nUM dOlq dy dy ky mwlw mwl kr rhy hn[ srkwrW votW dy lwlc/Brm ivc ies mw&IAw dunIAW nUM qwkq dy rhIAW hn[ A`j ieh inzwm ies hwlq ivc hY ik BwvyN kYQoilk pop vW| ieh Dwrimk inzwm &qvy qW jwrI nhIN kr irhw pr iek „muqvwzI ^u&IAw AMfr vrlf srkwr‟ zrUr clw irhw hY[ ies vyly ieh iek v`fI qwkq bx cukw hY[ srkwrW nUM cwhIdw hY ik ies mw&IAw dunIAW nUM n`Q pwvy vrnw ies nwl 16vI sdI dI XUrp dI lihr jW iksy KwVkU lihr dy auT pYx dy pUry Awswr bx rhy hn[ mulk dy ivdvwnW Aqy ienswnI hkUk vwilAW nUM ies msly nUM pihl dy ADwr „qy lYxw cwhIdw hY[
fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr