gurU nwnk swihb
kib kl sujsu gwvau gur nwnk, rwju jogu ijin mwixE] (klshwr B`t)
scu nwmu krqwru su idRV nwnik sMgRihAau]…
Awip nwrwiex klw Dwir jg mih prvirXau ]
inrMkwir Awkwru joiq jg mMfl kriXau] (ShId kIrq B`t)
pRQmy nwnk cMdu jgq BXo AwnMd
qwrin mnuK´ jn kIAau pRgws] (nlH B`t)
gurU nwnku inkit bsY bnvwrI] (gXMd B`t)
siqguir nwnik Bgiq krI iek min, qnu mnu Dnu goibMd dIAau] (blH B`t)
nwnik nwmu inrMjn jwn´au, kInI Bgiq pRym ilv lweI] (ShId kIrq B`t)
gurU nwnk scu nIv swij siqgur sMig lIxw] (klH B`t)
nwau krqw kwdru kry ikau bolu hovY joKIvdY[
dy gunw siq BYx Brwv hY pwrMgiq dwnu pVIvdY[
nwnik rwju clwieAw scu koit sqwxI nIv dY[ (s`qw qy blvMf)
suxI pukwr dwqwr pRB gur nwnk jg mwih pTwieAw[
kiljug bwby qwirAw siqnwmu piV mMqR suxwieAw[
kil qwrx gurU nwnk AwieAw[
– – – – –
siqgur nwnk pRgitAw imtI DuMd jg cwnx hoieAw[ (BweI gurdws)
gurU nwnk swihb is`K Drm dy bwnI, rUhwnI dunIAW dy nvyN kwl (Xug) dy moFI, lwswnI i&lws&r qy ies nvyN Xug dy pihly hrkwry (messenger) sn[
gurU nwnk swihb iek AzIm S^sIAq sn[ ies nUM jy do l&zW ivc kihxw hovy qW ikhw jw skdw hY ik Awp iek “rUhwnI cuMbk” sn[ ijvyN cuMbk lohy dy hr iek kx nUM Awpxy v`l iK`c lYNdw hY, auvyN hI gurU nwnk swihb hr ienswn nUM AwpxI is`iKAw nwl is`K bxw lYNdy sn[ gurU swihb ny v`fy-v`fy Awlm-&wzl (ivdvwn) lok, rwjy-mhwrwjy, jgIrdwr, cODrI, AmIr qy Swh, imhnqkS qy &kIr AwpxI rUhwnI S^sIAq nwl Awpxy swQI bxw ley sn [ BwvyN gurU swihb ny iksy nUM vI is`K bxn vwsqy nhIN ikhw pr jo vI S^s gurU swihb nUM imilAw auh sdw vwsqy gurU jI dw is`K bx igAw[ ienHW audwsIAW dOrwn gurU swihb nUM bhuq swry Bgq kvI vI imly[ (Awp ny aunHW dIAW rcnwvW ivcoN kuJ kU nUM Awpxy kol sMBwl ilAw qy mgroN ienHW nUM Awpxy vwirs gurU nUM sONp id`qw[ 1604 ivc gurU Arjn swihb ny ienHW nUM gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Swiml kIqw)[
gurU swihb dunIAW dy sB qoN v`fy Dwrimk prcwrk sn[aunHW ny 40-50 hzwr iklomItr pYdl cl ky keI mulkW dw dOrw kIqw Aqy sYNkVy ngrW Aqy hzwrW lokW nUM rUhwnIAq dw sbk id`qw[ aunHW ny lokW dI smwijk qy Dwrimk izMdgI bdl id`qI[
gurU nwnk swihb pMjwb dy pihly qwrI^dwn (ihstorIAn) sn[ aunHW dIAW rcnwvW bwbr dy hmly sbMDI Sbd, „Awsw dI vwr‟, „is`D goSit‟ vZYrw aus zmwny dI kImqI qvwrI^ hn[ qvwrI^ dI AijhI kmwl dI jwxkwrI qy ibAwn aunHW qoN bwAd dy lyKkW ivc vI nhIN imldI[
gurU swihb ny „sicAwr‟ dI izMdgI ijaUx (ikrq krnw, vMf Ckxw, nwm jpxw) dw sbk idqw[ hr ienswn nUM ikrq kmweI dI, h`k-hlwl dI, eImwndwrI dI, kmweI krnI cwhIdI hY[ hr ienswn dw &rz hY ik auh AwpxI kmweI ivcoN kuJ ih`sw k`F ky lokweI dy Bly vwsqy Krc kry Aqy loVvMdW, Aqy mjbUr qy lwcwr lokW dI mdd kry[ Xwin aunHW ny hr is`K nUM smwj dw &wiedy vwlw, jmHw vwlw (positive) ih`sw bxwieAw[ aunHW AwiKAw ik hr iek ienswn dw &rz hY ik auh lokweI dy Bly ivc Awpxw vD qoN vD ih`sw pwvy[ aunHW ikhw ik hr ienswn nUM ikrq krn qy vMf Ckx dy nwl-nwl r`b dw nW vI jpxw cwhIdw hY (aus nUM hr vyly Xwd rKxw cwhIdw hY)[ r`b dw nW jpx dw mqlb hr vyly „AlHw-AlHw‟ (jW vwihgurU-vwihgurU) khI jwxw nhIN blik r`b nUM hr QW hwzr-nwzr jwx ky, aus dy inrml-Bau ivc rih ky izMdgI ijaUxI cwhIdI hY[ aunHW ikhw ik r`b dy „Bau‟ (piv`qr/ AdbI fr) iv`coN hI „Bwau‟ (ipAwr) pYdw huMdw hY[ iehI r`b dI Asl BgqI hY[ aunHW ikhw ik ienswn nUM dunIAW qoN nhIN blik mwieAw qoN (dunIAW dI moh mwieAw dI pkV qoN) idlgIr hox dI loV hY[ ieh ieM\ hI hY ijvyN kml dw &u`l ic`kV ivc pYdw huMdw qy swrw smW aus ivc hI rihMdw hY, pr auh ic`kV ivc ilbVdw nhIN, Xwin aus dy Asr qoN bicAw rihMdw hY[
gurU nwnk swihb ny ikhw ik r`b „inrMkwr‟ hY[ aus dw koeI rMg, rUp, Skl nhIN hY[ ies kr ky aus dI koeI mUrqI jW bu`q vI nhIN ho skdw)[ auh kdy vI ienswnI rUp ivc nhIN AwauNdw[ gurU nwnk swihb ny ikhw ik sB jo kuJ nzrIN AwauNdw hY, auh Akwl purK dw hI rUp hY qy ieM\ Akwl purK swrI dunIAW ivc
„rimAw‟ (smwieAw) hoieAw hY[ AsIN r`b ƒ aus dI kudrq ivcoN vyK skdy hW[ aus dI pYdw kIqI dunIAW ‟qy AsIN ivsmwd (^uSI-BrI-hYrwnI) zwihr kr skdy hW[ aus dI kudrq iv`coN AsIN aus dI mhwnqw, qwkq qy hsqI dw Aihsws kr skdy hW; pr, Akwl purK dw koeI iek Kws rUp iKAwlI qOr qy bxwauxw jW koeI Kws jgHw ausdw itkwxw mMn lYxw srwsr glq hY[ swrI dunIAW, swrI kwienwq ausy dy hukm ivc cl rhI hY[
aunHW disAw ik Akwl purK hr ienswn nUM ie`ko ijhw ipAwr krdw hY[ aus dI ingh ivc koeI „Cotw‟ jw „v`fw‟ nhIN hY[ aus vwsqy koeI „cuxy hoey‟ jW „r`d kIqy hoey‟ lok nhIN sn[ r`b swirAW ‟qy ie`ko ijhI ndr rKdw hY[ aus dI ikrpw, imhr, b^SIS, aus dw pRswid hr iek vwsqy ie`ko ijhw hY[ aus dw iensw& hr iek vwsqy ie`ko ijhw hY[ pr ijnHW kol dieAw, ipAwr, nykI, ienswnIAq nhIN huMdI qy jo ^ud n&rq vMfdy hn auh r`b dI b^iSS qoN vWJy rih jWdy hn[ pr, Aijhy S^s vI, muV r`b dy rsqy ‟qy cl ky, aus dI b^iSS hwisl kr skdy hn[ dunIAW ivc jo vI vwpr irhw hY sB aus dy hukm, aus dI rzw qy aus dy Bwxy ivc hY[ ienswn nUM r`b dy Bwxy ivc rihxw cwhIdw hY[ aus nUM pqw hY ik aus ny iks nUM kIh, ikauN, ikMnw, kdoN qy ikvyN dyxw hY[ r`b nwl iSkvw-iSkwieq krnw aus dw Bwxw nw mMnxw hY[
aunHW AwiKAw ik hr ienswn ivc Akwl purK dI joiq hY, AsIN swry aus dy b`cy hW (Fatherhood of God and Brotherhood of Man)[ ieM\ AsIN swry iek dUjy dy BYx-Brw hW[ Akwl purK nUM sB dw ipqw mMnx vwlw S^s iksy vI ienswn nwl n&rq, ivqkrw jW vKryvW nhIN kr skdw hY! hr ienswn ivc Akwl purK dI joiq hY qy iksy vI ienswn nwl n&rq krn vwlw Akwl purK (dI joiq dy aus ih`sy) nwl n&rq krdw hY[ Aijhw S^s rUhwnIAq qoN korw hY, Akwl purK dy hukm qoN Axjwx hY jW dMBI qy pwKMfI hY[ aunHW is`K pMQ nUM iek „BweIcwrw‟, iek pirvwr vjoN kwiem kIqw sI[
gurU nwnk swihb AOrq nUM mrd qoN nIvW drjw dyx nUM vI ZYr-rUhwnI soc AwKdy hn[ ijhVI AOrq rwijAW qy mhwn rUhwnI hsqIAW nUM jnm dyNdI hY, auh mwVI ikM\ ho skdI hY? iPr auh vI qW r`b dI pYdw kIqI hoeI hY[ r`b dI iksy vI rcnw nUM mwVw nhIN ikhw jw skdw[
gurU nwnk swihb ny rUhwnIAq Aqy syvw nUM iek dUjy dw pUrk bxwieAw[ aunHW ikhw ik smwj syvw qoN ibnW Drm ADUrw hY Aqy lokweI dy Bly qoN ibnW rUhwnIAq PokI hY[ aunHW ny sMgq dy rUp ivc Drm nUMM BweIcwrk rUhwnIAq (social spiritualism) bxwieAw[
gurU nwnk swihb ny lokweI nUM „ienswnIAq dI pwhul vwlI rUhwnIAq‟ dw sbk idqw[ aunHW ny Drm qy rUhwnIAq nUM AKOqI sMinAws lY ky jMglW, aujwVW qy phwVW ivc luk ky, dunIAW qoN B`j ky, ijsm nUM duK dy ky, AKOqI qp`isAw krn dy Brm qoN Awzwd kIqw[ aunHW ikhw ik ienswn iek Awm gRihsqI vjoN izMdgI ijaUNidAW hI iek rUhwnI hsqI ho skdw hY[ aunHW ikhw ik gRihsq rUhwnIAq dy rwh ivc roVw nhIN blik ies dy rsqy ivc mddgwr huMdw hY[
gurU swihb gRihsq Drm nUM ienswn vwsqy sB qoN cMgw rsqw kihMdy hn[ ies dunIAW ivc rihx vwly ienswn dIAW kuJ buinAwdI ijsmwnI loVW vI hn[ gurU swihb ienswn dI izMdgI dy ies pihlU nUM r`d nhIN krdy[ auh kihMdy hn ik ienswn nUM moh mwieAw C`fxI cwhIdI hY, dunIAW nhIN[ ienswn nUM ies dunIAW dI pkV qoN Awzwd rihxw cwhIdw hY nw ik dunIAWdwrI hI C`f dyxI cwhIdI hY[ dunIAW iqAwgxw qW mYdwn ‟coN dOVn vwlI g`l hY[ dUjw, dunIAW iqAwg ky Pyr gRihsqIAW qoN hI buinAwdI zrUrqW vwsqy mdd mMgxI pYNdI hY, so ieh qW iek iksm dw dMB hI hY[ qIjw, iqAwg mgroN prcwr krn vwsqy krm-Kyqr vI qW gRihsqI lok hI hn qy aunHW ivc hI s`c dy rsqy dw prcwr krnw huMdw hY[ ies kr ky sB qoN vDIAw rsqw qW gRihsq dw rsqw hI hY[ ienswn qW hsdy-Kyfdy, KWdy-pINdy ies dunIAW dy frwauxy-idsdy smuMdr nUM qYr ky pwr kr jWdw hY[ Aijhy gRihsqI nUM dunIAW frwauxI nhIN blik suKwlI (sihj) idsdI hY[
gurU swihb dw sbk hY ik ienswn ny mukqI iesy izMdgI ivc hwisl krnI hY[ is`K &ls&y muqwibk Awpxy Awp nUM kwm, kroD, loB, moh, hMkwr qy haumY qoN bcwA lYxw hI mukqI hY[ mukqI koeI mrn ip`CoN hwisl krn vwlI SYA nhIN hY[ mrn mgroN hwisl hox vwlI qW AKOqI mukqI hY (aus ihswb nwl qW „mOq‟ hI mukqI hY)[ Asl mukqI qW „jIvn-mukqI‟ hY jo ienswn ijaUNidAW jIA hwisl kr skdw hY[ ienswn pMj q`qW (hvw, pwxI, A`g, im`tI qy AwkwS, Xwin Gas, Liquid, Heat, Solid & Space) dw bixAw vjUd hY[ mrn ip`CoN ieh q`q Awpxy mUl ivc smwA jWdy hn[ mOq ienswn dw A^Ir hY[ ies ip`CoN ienswnI hsqI dw koeI vjUd nhIN rihMdw[ iesy jnm ivc hI ienswn ny au~cIAW bulMdIAW CuhxIAW hn[
ienswn ny svrg qy nrk iesy jnm ivc hMfwauxy hn[ jd AsIN r`b dy hukm ivc cldy hW qW ieh svrg ivc rihxw hY qy jd AsI r`b qoN dUr hW qy pwp dI izMdZI ibqwauNdy hW qW ieh nrk huMdw hY[ ies swry rwz nUM smJ lYxw hI “mukqI” hY[ bRwhmxW dI AKOqI mukqI qy ies dI ^wihS nUM iek is`K “bpurI” (ivcwrI) AwK ky r`d krdw hY[ gurU swihb ny ieh vI ikhw ik ies Asl mukqI nUM hwisl krn dw h`k hr iek dw brwbr dw hY[ ieh h`k isr& AKOqI au~cI zwq vwilAW dw jW isr& mrdW dw hI nhIN hY[ ieh isr& pVHy iliKAW dw jW idKwvy dI AKOqI BgqI krn vwilAW jW AKOqI qp krn vwilAW dw h`k nhIN hY[ AijhI AKOqI BgqI qy qp drAsl isr& krm kWf hI hn[
aunHW ny ienswn nUM swdI izMdgI ijaUx dw sbk idqw[ aunHW ikhw ik bMdw AwpxIAW ^wihSW vDwauNdw-vDwauNdw ies mwieAw-jwl ivc Ps jWdw hY qy iPr vDdIAW ^wihSW dI pUrqI vwsqy pwp krdw hY[ ienswn nUM qW „AMn pwxI QoVHw‟ Kwx dI soc nUM Apxwauxw cwhIdw hY[ ienswn nUM ies &wnI dunIAW rUpI srW ivc iek muswi&r dy qOr ‟qy ivcrnw cwhIdw hY Aqy ies dunIAW dI pkV qoN Awzwd rihxw cwhIdw hY[
gurU swihb ny krm kWf qy Dwrimk idKwvy nUM pwKMf d`isAw[ aunHW ikhw ik cMgw ienswn bxnw hI Asl Drm hY[ Drm ivc s`c, ipAwr, ienswnIAq, iensw&, swdw jIvn, lok syvw, ivkwrW qoN bcxw, mn dIAW ^wihSW ‟qy kwbU pwauxw (mn nUM ij`qxw) hI Asl krm qy BgqI hn[ idKwvy dw nwm-rtx, X`g, hvn, pUjw sB &zUl dy krm-kWf qy pwKMf hn[ ieh iksy vI qrHW dI BgqI nhIN hn qy ienHW dw zrw-mwsw vI &wiedw nhIN[
gurU swihb ny disAw ik Drm iek rsqw hY, A^Ir nhIN[ ijs rsqy ‟qy tuirAW ienswn „r`bI zwbqy‟ ivc rihMdw hY, Blw ienswn bxdw hY, dunIAW ‟coN dil`dr, duK qy muSiklW nUM dUr krn ivc mddgwr huMdw hY, auhI rsqw TIk hY, BwvyN auh koeI vI rsqw hovy[ iek muslmwn s`cw ieslwm jIA ky, iek bRwhmx r`b dy rsqy ‟qy tur ky, qy iek is`K vwihgurU dy Bwxy ivc rih ky „prm-mnu`K‟ (s`cw ienswn qy sicAwr) bx skdw hY[ iehI ijaUNidAW hwisl hox vwlI „Asl mukqI„ hY[ iehI „sdIvI AnMd‟ hY[ iehI „sihj‟ hY[
gurU swihb muqwibk r`b isr& qy isr& muh`bq dw somw hY[ aus dy Gr ivc n&rq jW vKryvW nhIN hY[ aus dy Gr ivc koeI au~cw jW nIvWnhINhYauhvwihgurU iksy nUM vDyry ipAwr jW iksy nUM n&rq nhIN krdw[ swryausdy Awpxy pu`qr hn[ hr iek nUM aus ny AwpxI joiq ivcoN pYdw kIqw hY[ aus dw slUk hr iek S^s nwl ieko ijhw hY[ ieh swfI ihMmq hY ik AsIN Awpxy Awp nUM aus dI imhr hwisl krn vwsqy ikMny kU kwibl bx skdy hW[ gurbwxI qW r`b dy ies ipAwr dw pYZwm hY[ gurbwxI dy hr l&z ivc r`b dy ipAwr nUM v`K-v`K qrIky nwl pyS kIqw hoieAw hY[
gurU nwnk swihb ny r`b, mukqI, Drm, BgqI, ienswn dI izMdgI dy mksd, rwjw, pwiqSwh vZYrw dy nvyN mwAny d`sy [ aunHW iek Aijhy Drm dI nINh r`KI jo ienswn nUM pUrnqw b^Sdw hY[ gurU swihb ny ienswn nUM AxK nwl jIx dw pYZwm idqw[ byZYrq S^s dI izMdgI nUM aunHW „hrwm‟ AwiKAw[
gurU nwnk swihb pihly S^s sn ijnHW ny DrqI dI rcnw, ies bRihmMf dI byAMqqw bwry AjokI swieMs qoN vI AglyrIAW g`lW pyS kIqIAW sn[ Aj jo kuJ swieMs mMn rhI hY aus dw kuJ ih`sw gurU nwnk sihb dI bwxI ivc pihloN hI mOjUd hY[
gurU nwnk swihb pihly rUhwnI qwrI^dwn, swieMsdwn, isAwsI i&lws&r, rUhwnI smwj-ivigAwnI qy mnoivigAwnI sn[ dunIAW ‟qy AijhI lwswnI hsqI nw pihloN hoeI sI qy nw hI aunHW qoN mgroN nzr AwauNdI hY[
prvwrk ipCokV
gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm bydI-KyqrI pirvwr ivc hoieAw sI[ (mgroN iksy bRwhmx ilKwrI ny gurU nwnk swihb nUM kwlpink rwjy „rwm‟ qy aus dI AOlwd lv–kuS dy vwirs idKwaux dI swizS hyT „bicqr nwtk‟ nW dI rcnw ivc iek cYptr joV id`qw)[ bydI Kwndwn dw kursInwmw keI puSqW dw iml jWdw hY[ gurU nwnk swihb dy ipqw bwbw kilAwx dws sn[ bwbw kilAwx dws dy ipqw iSv nwrwiex sn[ bwbw iSv nwrwiex dy ipqw bwbw rwm nwrwiex sn[ gurU nwnk swihb dy dwdw bwbw iSv nwrwiex dw jnm 1418 ivc hoieAw sI[ bwbw iSv nwrwiex dw iek hor Brw bwbw swnpq vI sI[ bwbw iSv nrwiex dI SwdI mwqw bnwrsI nwl 1431 ivc hoeI sI[ aunHW dy Gr AkqUbr 1440 ivc kilAwn dws Aqy 1443 ivc lwl cMd dw jnm hoieAw[ aunHW idnHW ivc ieh prvwr ipMf p`TyivMf (izlw AMimRqsr) ivc rihMdw sI[ p`Ty ivMf dI zmIn ivc hI ksbw fyhrw bwbw nwnk visAw hoieAw hY[
jdoN kilAwx dws jvwn hoey qW rozgwr dy islisly ivc auh rwey Boie dI qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw* swihb) Aw gey[ kilAwx dws dI SwdI 1461 ivc ipMf cwhl (izlw lwhOr) dy vwsI BweI rwmw dI bytI (mwqw) iqRpqw nwl hoeI[ mwqw iqRpqw ny 1464 ivc (byby) nwnkI Aqy 1469 ivc (gurU) nwnk (swihb)** ƒ jnm idqw[ gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm 20 AkqUbr 1469 dy idn hoieAw sI (gurU kIAW swKIAW, swKI 24)[ gurU nwnk swihb dy jnm bwry iek hor qwrIK 15 AprYl 1469*** vI ilKI jWdI hY[ ieh BulyKw jnm swKIAW ivc vK-vK qrI^W imlx kr ky hoieAw hovygw[ ivswK (AprYl) vwlI Zlq qwrI^ sB qoN pihlW ipRQI cMd mIxw dy puqr imhrbwn ny ilKI sI[ auh is`K ihstrI ivgwVn vwlw pihlw is`K doKI sI[ dUjw, ihMdUAW ivc ieh Brm hY ik kqk mhIny ivc jMimAw b`cw nihS huMdw hY[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ihMdU lyKkW ny is`KW nUM ies vihm (sUqk) dw fr pw ky ivswK dy jnm dw pRcwr kIqw sI, jo Boly is`KW ny cupcwp mMn ilAw[
(*keI ilKwrI nwnkwxw nUM nnkwxw ilKdy hn, jo ik Zlq hY; gurU jI dw nW nwnk sI nw ik nnk[ ** keI ilKwrI gurU nwnk swihb dy nW nwl “dyv” ilKdy hn jo Zlq hY[ ies sbMDI lyK pVHo, iesy ikqwb ivc, gurU nwnk swihb dI jIvnI dy A^Ir ivc)[
(***krm isMG ihstorIAn ny gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm kqk dI bjwie ivswK mMinAw sI[ drAsl aus ny hMdwlIAw v`loN ilKvweI „bwly vwlI jnmswKI‟ nUM r`d kIqw sI qy isr& iesy kr ky hI aus ny k`qk nUM vI r`d kr id`qw sI ikauNik aus jnmswKI ivc gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm k`qk dw iliKAw hoieAw sI[ krm isMG jI ieh nw smJ sky ik ivswK ivc gurU swihb dy jnm dw pRcwr mIixAW dy AwgU imhrbwn ny kIqw sI)[
gurU swihb dw bcpx
jdoN gurU nwnk swihb do kU h&iqAW dy hoey qW Awp dw nW nwnk riKAw igAw[ iqMn cwr swl dI aumr ivc Awp, swQIAW nwl Kyfdy-Kyfdy, iksy jgHw bYT ky, ilv lw ky, soc-aufwrI ivc msq ho ky r`bI icMqn qy sihj ivc irhw krdy sn qy Awp dy Gr vwly swQI Awp ƒ lBdy rih jWdy sn[
pMj swl dI aum ivc Awp isAwixAW, Awlm qy Dwrimk bMidAW dI sMgq ivc bYTx lg pey[ Awp ielm vwlIAW, isAwxIAW Aqy rUhwnI g`lW bVI ghu qy rIJ nwl suixAw krdy sn[ Awp Aksr Aijhy svwl kirAw krdy sn ijnHW ƒ sux ky isAwxy-isAwxy bMdy vI hYrwn ho jwieAw krdy sn[ Awp vwihgurU, kudrq, rUhwnIAq Aqy jIvn-jwc dIAW bhuq fUMGIAW g`lW kirAw krdy sn[ Awp dIAW g`lW sux ky ipMf dy isAwxy AwKx lg pey sn ik Awp koeI Azmq vwly rUhwnI S^s hn[ Awp dI lwswnI sUJ, qwkq qy rUhwnIAq dIAW ^brW ipMf qlvMfI dy moFI rwie Boie dy pu`qr rwie bulwr qk vI pu`jIAW[ auh vI gurU nwnk swihb dw murId bx igAw[
1476 ivc gurU nwnk swihb ƒ pWDy kol pVHn ByijAw igAw[ Awp ny pMfq gopwl pwso is`Dm BwKw (pMjwbI bolI dI il`pI ƒ audoN isDo|wieAw kihMdy sn) is`KI[ do swl ip`CoN pMfq ibRj nwQ pwsoN sMsikRq pVHI[ 13 swl dI aumr ivc Awp ny mOlvI kuqbdIn qoN &wrsI zbwn vI is`K leI nwl nwl hI Awp ny ihswb-ikqwb dI pVHweI vI kIqI[ Awp ny i&lws&I dIAW qy hor bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW vI pVHIAW[ 14 swl dI aumr ivc Awp aus vyly dy sB qoN v`D pVyH ilKy nOjvwn sn[
jnyaU pwaux qoN nWh
ies dOrwn jdoN Awp 9 swl dy hoey sn, qW Awp dy mwqw ipqw ny ielwky dI cwlU bRwhmxI krm-kWf muqwibk Awp dy gl jnyaU pwaux vwsqy pMfq hridAwl ƒ s`idAw[ jdoN pWfy (puroihq) hridAwl Dwgy ƒ v`t ky, Awp dy gl ivc jnyaU pwaux l`gw qW Awp ny pu`iCAw ik kI jnyaU swrI aumr nwl cldw hY? kI ieh kdy vI tu`tdw nhIN ? kI ieh ienswn ƒ bury kMm krn qoN rokdw hY? gurU swihb ny jnyaU pwaux qoN nWh kridAW ikhw ik aunHW ƒ isr& auh jnyaU pwieAw jwey jo sMjm isKwey, jo mwVy iKAwlW qoN roky, jo Bly kMmW vl tory, jo ienswnIAq Aqy rUhwnIAq isKwey[ gurU swihb dy ivcwr sux ky pMfq cup ho igAw[ A^Ir puroihq hridAwl ny gurU jI nUM ikhw ik ieh jnyaU pwey ibnw koeI vI S^s „ihMdU‟ nhIN AKvw skdw[ ies ‟qy gurU jI ny ikhw ik „mYN ihMdU nhIN bxnw cwhuMdw[‟ ieh sux ky gurU swihb dy mwipAW ny jnyaU pwaux dw iKAwl C`f idqw[ jnyaU bwry gurU swihb dw iek slok gurUU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 471 ‟qy imldw hY:
dieAw kpwh sMqoKu sUqu jqu gMFI squ vtu ] eyhu jnyaU jIA kw heI q pwfy Gqu ] nw eyhu qutY n mlu lgY nw eyhu jlY n jwie ] DMnu su mwxs nwnkw jo gil cly pwie ] caukiV muil AxwieAw bih caukY pwieAw ] isKw kMin cVweIAw gurU bRwhmxu iQAw ] Ehu muAw Ehu JiV pieAw vyqgw gieAw] lK corIAw lK jwrIAw lK kUVIAw lK gwil ] lK TgIAw pihnwmIAw rwiq idnsu jIA nwil ] qgu kpwhhu kqIAY bwm@xu vty Awie] kuih bkrw irMin@ KwieAw sBu ko AwKY pwie ] hoie purwxw sutIAY BI iPir pweIAY horu ] nwnk qgu n quteI jy qig hovY joru ]2]
gurU swihb dy bcpn bwry iek swKI mShUr hY ik iek vwrI Awp m`JW cwr rhy sn qW aunHW nUM m`JW cwridAW nUM nINd Aw geI jW auh Awpxy iKAwlW ivc msq ho ky m`JW nUM Bu`l gey qy aunHW (m`JW) ny iksy dy Kyq dw nukswn kr idqw qy mgroN Awp ny KyqI muV hrI kr idqI[ jy ies khwxI nUM mMn leIey qW ieh swibq hovygw ik (1) gurU nwnk swihb iek ZYr-izMmydwr ienswn sn qy (2) aunHW ny krwmwq nwl KyqI hrI kr id`qI (is`K Drm muqwibk krwmwq koeI nhIN huMdI)[ dovyN g`lW gurU swihb dI isiKAw dy ault hn[ ies kr ky ieh swKI JUTI hY[
Awp dy bcpx bwry AijhI hI iek hor swKI vI mShUr hY ik iek vwr gurU swihb fMgrW ƒ crdw C`f ky iek dr^q dI CW hyT lyty-lyty sON gey[ jdoN gurU nwnk swihb dy ichry qoN CW Fl geI qy Du`p pYx lg peI qW iek v`fw &nIAr s`p au~Qy AwieAw Aqy Awpxw &n PYlw ky gurU swihb dy ichry qy CW kr idqI[ pr jd lok nyVy Awey qW s`p au~ˆQoN clw igAw[ fMgr cwrn Aqy s`p dI CW jW s`pW v`loN r`iKAw krn vwlIAW swKIAW hor Dwrimk AwgUAW bwry vI imldIAW hn[ ho skdw hY ik ieh swKIAW gurU swihb dI Azmq ivKwaux vwsqy mgroN joV idqIAW geIAW hox[ auN\ ieh swKIAW iksy vI sUrq ivc TIk nhIN hn ikauN ik bwbw kilAwx cMd vrgy AmIr bMdy v`loN ieko-ieko pu`qr ƒ in`kI aumr ivc pVHweI kridAW fMgr cwrn vwsqy nhIN ByijAw jw skdw[ ieh qW mMinAw jw skdw hY ik Awp nOkrW dI ingrwnI krn vwsqy ipCy KyqW v`l gey hox[
jdoN gurU nwnk swihb 16 swl dy hoey qW Awp dI kuVmweI ipMf p`Koky rMDwvw dy rihx vwly BweI mUl cMd cOxw dI DI sul`KxI nwl hoeI[ Awp dw ivAwh 24 sqMbr 1487 dy idn btwlw ivc hoieAw[ Awp dy Gr 10 Agsq 1494 dy idn sRIcMd Aqy 13 PrvrI 1497 dy idn lKmI dws (do byty) pYdw hoey[
s`cw sOdw dw s`co s`c
gurU nwnk swihb bwry pRclq iek swKI muqwibk, iek vwr Awp dy ipqw ny Awp ƒ vpwr ivc lwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI[ ies swKI muqwibk Awp dy ipqw ny Awp ƒ 20 rupey dy ky vpwr SurU krvw idqw[ swKI muqwibk gurU swihb ny auh 20 rupey Bu`Ky swDUAW nUM rotI KuAwaux ‟qy Krc kr id`qy[ ieh khwxI shI nhIN ho skdI ikauN ik aunHW idnW ivc 20 rupeIAW nwl kuJ ku swDU nhIN blik hzwrW bMdy rotI Kw skdy sn; dUjw, gurU swihb ivhlVW vwsqy pYsy ^rc krn dw &ls&w nhIN sn prcwr skdy[
hW ieh qW ho skdw hY ik Awp AwpxI kwmeI dy dsvMD ƒ drvySW Aqy ivdvwnW ƒ Kwxw KuAwaux ‟qy ^rc krdy rihMdy hoxgy ikauN ik auh Awlm-&wzlW nwl Aksr aunHW nwl &ls&y dy nukiqAW ‟qy ivcwrW krdy rihMdy sn[ gurU swihbwn ny AwpxI Awmdn dy dsvMD coN keI vwr aunHW ƒ rotI KuAweI hovygI Aqy aunHW nwl Drm qy &ls&y dI crcw kIqI hovygI[
ieh swKI imhrbwn vwlI jnmswKI, BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwx vwlI (drAsl srUp isMG inrmlw dI ilKI) qy ivlwieq vwlI jnmswKI jW iksy vI purwxy somy ivc nhIN hY[ ieh swKI isr& bwly vwlI jnmswKI ivc imldI hY qy ies ivc gurU jI nUM AwpxI gVvI Aqy muMdrI dwn krdy vI idKwieAw igAw hY[
Asl swKI ieh hY: jd gurU nwnk swihb Awpxy iek purwxy swQI dy s`dy „qy cUhVkwxw (nwnkwxw qoN 62 iklomItr dUr; hux ies nUM &rU^wbwd vI kihMdy hn) gey auh sulqwnpur loDI ivc dOlq rwey dy modIKwny ivc gurU swihb nwl syvw kirAw krdw sI[ auh gurU swihb nUM iml ky bVw ^uS hoieAw[ dovyN hI sulqwnpur ‟c ibqwey idnW Aqy auQoN dy swQIAW bwry g~lW krdy rhy[ g`lW hI g`lW ivc aus ny gurU swihb nUM pu~iCAw ik jdoN koeI vpwrI GroN inkldw hY Aqy kmweI kr ky Gr muVdw hY qW auh Awpxy s~jxW nUM dsdw hY ik aus ny ikM\, ik`QoN qy kI-kI mwl KrIidAw Aqy aus ivcoN ikM\ qy aus nUM ies sOdy ivcoN ikMnw munw&w hoieAw[ aus ny gurU swihb qoN puiCAw ik “gurU swihb quhwfw dunIAW ivc eynw nW hY[ qusIN ikhVw vpwr qy sOdw kIqw ijs nwl qusIN eynI mihmw K`tI hY?” gurU swihb ny aus nUM d~isAw ik “myrw vxj qW vwihgurU nwl ipAwr sI qy vwihgurU dI imhr nwl hI myrI pCwx hY[ myrw Awpxw nW qW kuJ vI nhIN[ vwihgurU dw nW jpxw hI Asl vpwr hY qy iehI „s`cw sOdw‟ hY[ „sicAwr‟ dI izMdgI jIxw hI ienswn dI izMdgI dw Asl mksd hY[” ijs jgh gurU nwnk swihb ny ieh “s`cw sOdw” kIqw sI (jW vpwr krdy huMdy sn) au~Qy Aj klH gurduAwrw s`cw sOdw” bixAw hoieAw hY[
vpwr kridAW gurU nwnk swihb hmySw rUhwnI soc ivc msq irhw krdy sn[ iek idn Awp dy ipqw ny soicAw ik Swied Awp ƒ koeI rog lg igAw hY ies qy auh iek vYd ƒ bulw ilAweyy[ gurU nwnk swihb ny vYd ƒ AwpxI nbz vyKx qW idqI pr nwl hI &ls&y dIAW g`lW kr ky vYd nwl rUhwnI nukiqAW dI crcw vI kIqI[ gurU nwnk swihb dIAW g`lW sux ky vYd ny gurU swihb dy ipqw ƒ AwiKAw ik gurU swihb ƒ koeI rog nhIN blik auh qW iek Azmq vwlI S^sIAq hn[
sulqwnpur ivc modI lwieAw jwxw
gurU nwnk swihb ipCly qkrIbn 16-17 swl qoN vpwr kr rhy sn Aqy auh swry pwsy iek cMgy qjrbykwr vpwrI, eImwndwr ienswn, Bly bMdy Aqy rUhwnI hsqI dy qOr qy jwxy jwx lg pey sn[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ies dI soA (^br) sulqwnpur (loDI) dy hwkm dIvwn dOlq ^wn loDI qk vI pu`jI hovygI[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik gurU nwnk swihb dy Bxv`eIey BweI jY rwm (jo ^ud dOlq ^wn dw iek sInIAr A&sr sI) ny hI gurU nwnk swihb dIAW is&qW dsIAW hox[ aunHIN idnIN dOlq ^wn ƒ Awpxy modI^wny vwsqy iek eImwndwr, imhnqI Aqy sUJvwn modI dI loV sI[ aus ny BweI jY rwm rwhIN gurU nwnk swihb ƒ ieh Ahudw kbUl krn vwsqy s`dw ByijAw[ pihlW qW gurU nwnk swihb ny mnzUr nw kIqw pr byby nwnkI Aqy hor bhuq swirAW v`loN vwr-vwr zor pwaux qy aunHW ny ieh Ahudw kbUl krnw mnzUr kr ilAw[ Awp 35 swl dI aumr ivc, AkqUbr 1504 dy A^Ir ivc, sulqwnpur gey qy modIKwny dw cwrj sMBwl ilAw (modI dw Ahudw bhuq v`fw qy Aihm Ahudw sI[ kuJ smyN bwAd Awp AwpxI pqnI qy b`icAW nUM vI sulqwnpur lY Awey[
Awp dI qbIAq bcpn qoN hI idAwndwrI BrI, dwinSmMdI vwlI, &kIrwnw Aqy ienswnI hmdrdI vwlI sI[ ies kr ky Awp modI Kwny dI syvw dOrwn, ZrIbW, loVvMdW Aqy kmzorW dI bVI mdd kirAw krdy sn[ Awp hmySw AwpxI Awmdn dw dsvMD k`iFAw krdy sn Aqy aus ƒ zrUrqmMd lokW ‟qy ^rc kr idAw krdy sn[ kdy-kdy qW auh dsvMD qoN vI vDyry Krc kr dyNdy sn[ ivhl dy smyN vyly ivc Awp lokW ƒ Dwrimk Aqy rUhwnI ielm vI idAw krdy sn[ dUr-dUr qoN Bgq, sU&I, Awlm-&wzl lok, ivcwrW krn vwsqy, gurU swihb kol Awaux lg pey[ modI hox kr ky Awp kol sulqwnpur irAwsq dy sYNkVy ipMfW dy cODrI, nMbrdwr qy jgIrdwr vI mwlIAw jmHw krvwaux AwauNdy huMdy sn[ ienHW nwl vI gurU swihb Drm, rUhwnIAq qy ienswnIAq bwry g`lW krdy rihMdy sn[ ieh swry gurU nwnk swihb dy murId bx cuky sn[ ieh cODrI srkwrI kMm qoN ibnw vI sulqwnpur Aw ky keI-keI idn gurU swihb kol irhw krdy sn[ hr roz byeIN ndI dy kMFy (ij`Qy Aj klH gurduAwrw byr swihb hY) Awp dIvwn sjwieAw krdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb dw glw bVw surIlw sI[ Awp kIrqn bhuq vDIAw krdy sn[ hOlI-hOlI sulqwnpur ivc bhuq swry srkwrI Aihlkwr, cODrI, Awlm-&wzl, &kIr, ikswn Aqy dUjy lok Awp dy murId bx gey[ ies qoN ielwvw Awly duAwly ‟coN vI bhuq swry lok Awp jI dy is`K bx gey[ienHW ivc ipMf mlsIAW (jlMDr) dw cODrI BweI BgIrQ qy keI hor cODrI vI sn jo srkwrI kMmW vwsqy sulqwnpur AwauNdy huMdy sn[
aunHIN idnIN hI qlvMfI qoN mihqw kilAwx dws ny BweI mrdwny nUM sulwqwnpur ByijAw qW jo auh byby nwnkI qy gurU nwnk swihb dw hwl-cwl pqw kr ky Awey[ jdoN BweI mrdwnw sulqwnpur pu`jw qW gurU swihb ny aus ƒ in`Gw jI AwieAW AwiKAw[ mrdwnw auQy keI idn irhw[ gurU swihb jdoN bwxI gwauNdy qW BweI mrdwnw rbwb vjw ky swQ dyNdw[ iek idn gurU swihb BweI mrdwny ƒ AwiKAw ik AwpW dovyN rUhwnIAq dw C`tw mwrn vwsqy, dys-prdys dw dOrw krIey[ BweI mrdwnw ny AwiKAw ik mYN AwpxI bytI dy ivAwh qoN sur^rU ho ky quhwfy nwl zrUr jwvWgw[ ikauNik ik BweI mrdwnw rupY-pYsy dy mwmly ivc kmzor sI ies kr ky gurU swihb ny bytI dy ivAwh dw swrw Krc Awpxy izMmy lY ilAw[ aunHW BweI mrdwny ƒ
AwiKAw ik auh ivAwh dy swmwn dI sUcI iqAwr kr dyvy[ aunHIN idnIN hI ipMf mlsIAW dw cODrI BweI BgIrQ, mwlIAw jmHw krvwaux Aqy gurU swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy sulqwnpur AwieAw hoieAw sI[ BgrIQ ny ies mgroN lwhOr vI jwxw sI[ gurU swihb ny BweI mrdwny dI DI dy ivAwh dy swmwn dI sUcI BweI BgIrQ ƒ idqI Aqy AwiKAw ik auh swrw smwn sulqwnpur dI mMfI ‟coN jW lwhOr qoN ilAw dyvy[
BweI BgIrQ ny kw&I smwn sulqwnpur ‟coN KrId ilAWdw qy bwkI smwn vwsqy auh lwhOr ivc BweI mnsuK dI dukwn ‟qy igAw[ BweI mnsuK ny loVINdw swrw smwn dy idqw[ g`lW ivc BweI mnsuK ƒ BweI BgIrQ qoN pqw lgw ik ieh smwn gurU swihb ny Awpxy iek dosq BweI mrdwnw dI bytI dI SwdI vwsqy mMgvwieAw hY[ BweI BgIrQ ny gurU nwnk swihb dI S^sIAq Aqy isiKAw bwry vI disAw[ BweI mnsuK au~qy gurU nwnk swihb dI S^sIAq dw eynw Asr hoieAw ik auh vI gurU swihb dy drSn krn dI ^wihS nwl BweI BgIrQ dy nwl hI sulqwnpur ƒ cl ipAw[ sulqwnpur ivc BweI mnsuK gurU nwnk swihb dy drSn kr ky srobr (AnMdq) ho igAw[ hux auh vI, BweI BgIrQ qy BweI mrdwnw vWg, sdw vwsqy gurU swihb dw hI ho igAw[
Agly idn swmwn lY ky BweI mrdwnw qlvMfI clw igAw qyy AwpxI bytI dI SwdI kIqI[ ies mgroN Awpxy byty BweI Szwdy ƒ Gr dI izMmyvwrI sONp ky BweI mrdwnw Pyr sulqwnpur Aw igAw[ sulqwnpur ivc gurU swihb dIvwn sjWdy rhy Aqy BweI mrdwnw rbwb nwl sMgq krdw irhw[
vyeIN ndI dI khwxI dw s`c
iek idn gurU swihb vyeIN ndI ‟c nhwaux gey[ nhwaux mgroN auh vyeIN dy dUjy kMFy dUr sMGxy drKqW dy JuMf hyT jw bYTy qy rUhwnI socW ivc mgn ho gey[ Awp dy mn ivc i^Awl AwieAw ik v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc jw ky s`cy Drm dw prcwr krn dw smW Aw igAw hY[ socidAW-socidAW Awp dI AYsI ilv lgI ik Awp keI GVIAW au~Qy hI bYTy rhy[ (kuJ lyKk ies ƒ 3 idn qy iek lyKk qW 8 idn ndI ivc vVy rihxw ilKdy hn, jo shI nhIN hY)[ ip`CoN lokW ny ieh soicAw ik gurU jI fu`b gey hoxgy[
Swm gey jdoN kuJ lok auDroN lMGy qW aunHW gurU swihb ƒ socW ivc lIn hoey bYTy vyiKAw[ aunHW lokW ny gurU swihb nwl bcn kIqy[ ies mgroN gurU swihb Awpxy Gr muV Awey qy AYlwn kIqw ik aunHW ƒ Akwl purK dw hukm hoieAw hY ik auh nvyN pMQ dw prcwr krn vwsqy audwsI (pRcwr dOry) SurU krn[ aunHW ny pqnI Aqy b`icAW dy Krcy vwsqy swry pYsy Awpxy shury ƒ sMBwl idqy Aqy Awp r`b dy pYZwm dy imSnrI bxn vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ gurU jI ny audwsI pihrwvw pihx ilAw Aqy BweI mrdwnw ƒ vI iesy pihrwvy ivc nwl lY ky 20 Agsq 1507 dy idn s`cy Drm dy prcwr vwsqy tur pey[
iek lyKk muqwibk gurU swihb vyeIN ndI ivc 3 idn rhy sn (imhrbwn vwlI jnmswKI qy ivlwieq vwlI jnmswKI) Aqy iek hor lyKk muqwibk Awp 8 idn (BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwx vwlI; drAsl srUp isMG inrmlw dI ilKI hoeI) ndI ivc vVy rhy, jo shI nhIN hY[ ienHW lyKkW muqwibk gurU jI ndI ivc vVn mgroN Akwl purK dy drbwr ivc jw pu`jy sn[ aunHW dy „vwihgurU‟ dy drbwr ivc jw ky vyeIN ndI ivc iqMn jW A`T idn luky rihx dI khwxI iksy p~K qoN vI shI nhIN jwpdI[ iek pwsy qW ieh lyKk gurUU nwnk swihb nUM „nwrwiex‟ Aqy‟ r`b dw Avqwr‟ (Xwin r`b Awp) ilKdy hn qy dUjy pwsy aunHW nUM „r`b‟ dy drbwr ivc hwzr vI kr dyNdy hn[ ies dw mqlb ieh bxdw hY ik r`b „do‟ sn qy iek „r`b‟ (gurU nwnk swihb) dUjy „r`b‟ (Akwl purK) dy drbwr ivc hwzr hoieAw sI (qy ieh drbwr Swied „byeIN‟ ndI dy hyTW iksy jgh sI)[ jnmswKIAW gurU jI dy vyeIN ivcoN bwhr Awaux vwlI QW vI v`K v`K dsdIAW hn: bwly vwlI jnmswKI muqwibk gurU jI ij`QoN inkly auQy aunHW ny dwqn g`fI sI (hux auh dwqn vwlI jgh dw nW inSwn bwkI nhIN hY)[ BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwx vwlI (drAsl srUp isMG inrmlw dI ilKI) qy ivlwieq vwlI jnmswKI muqwibk gurU jI mOjUdw „gurduAwrw sMq Gwt‟ vwlI QW qoN bwhr nhIN inkly sn bl ik auQoN inkly sn ij`Qy auh vyeIN ivc vVy sn[ so ieh khwxI vI mgroN GVI geI sI qy „gurduAwrw sMq Gwt‟ vI mgroN bxwieAw igAw sI[ (Aijhy drjnW nklI gurduAwry hor jgh vI bxwey gey sn, jo A`j vI kwiem hn)[
sulqwnpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy rihx dw smW vI v`K-v`K swKIkwrW ny v`K v`K iliKAw hY[ bwlw jnmswKI muqwibk gurU jI auQy m`Gr 1540 (1483) qoN mwG 1543 (1586) qk modI rhy (gurU jI dI aumr aus smyN 14 qoN 17 swl dI sI)[ imhrbwn vwlI jnmswKI muqwibk gurU jI auQy 1507 qk swl rhy[ SRomxI kmytI dy l`gy iek borf muqwibk gurU jI auQy 14 swl qoN vD smW rhy sn[
Drm prcwr vwsqy dOry (audwsIAW)
20 Agsq 1507 qoN 1516 qk qkrIbn 9 swl gurU swihb Aqy BwrI mrdwnw ny ies pihlI audwsI dOrwn, dUr dUr qk s&r kIqw[ sulqwnpur qoN aunHW dw pihlw muK pVwA (120 iklomItr dUr) lwhOr ivc sI[ (iek irvwieq ivc Awp dw pihlw pVwA eymnwbwd sI; ijs nUM mYN dUjw pVwA mMinAw hY)[
lwhOr: BweI dunI cMd kroVI nwl myl
gurU nwnk swihb lwhOr ivc Awp bdwmI bwg dy nyVy ruky sny[ aus vyly ies ielwky ivc dunI cMd kroVI nW dw iek AmIr AwdmI rihMdw sI[ dunI cMd dy Gr dy bwhr, suhxy rySmI kpVy dIAW s`q lVIAW, JMifAW vWg, bMnHIAW hoeIAW sn[ ies dw mqlb ieh sI ik dunI cMd audoN dy sq l~K tikAW dw mwlk sI (jo audoN bhuq v`fI rkm huMdI sI)[ jdoN gurU swihb kIrqn kr rhy sn qW dunI cMd au~QoN lMiGAw[ gurU swihb dI bwxI dunI cMd dy idl ivc Gr kr geI[ auh au~Qy bYT igAw Aqy gurU swihb nwl kw&I icr g~lW krdw irhw[ g~lW-g~lW ivc dunI cMd ny AwpxI AmIrI dw iezhwr vI kIqw[ jdoN dunI cMd auT ky jwx l~gw qW gurU jI ny aus nUM iek sUeI idqI Aqy AwiKAw ik AsIN mrn mgroN qYQoN dUjI dunIAW ivc lY lvWgy[ dunI cMd sUeI nUM Gr lY igAw[ aus ny Gr jw ky sUeI AwpxI GrvwlI nUM dy idqI qy AwiKAw ik auh aus dI sUeI nUM cMgI qrW sMBwl ky rKy[ jdoN aus dI GrvwlI ny sUeI dI AihmIAq bwry puiCAw qW aus ny gurU jI nwl hoeI glbwq d~sI[ aus dI GrvwlI ny AwiKAw ik mrn mgroN qUM sUeI Awpxy nwl qW nhIN lY ky jwvyNgw[ iPr sUeI nUM moVyNgw ikvyN? dunI cMd aunHIN pYrIN prq igAw qy gurU jI nUM sUeI moV ky AwKx lgw, “gurU swihb mYN ieh sUeI Awpxy nwl qW nhIN lY ky jwvWgw[” ies qy gurU jI ny AwiKAw “jy qUM sUeI nwl nhIN iljwvyNgw, pr jo dOlq qUM iek~TI kr irhw hYN, auh ikvyN nwl lY jwvyNgw?” ieh sux ky dunI cMd nUM soJI
AweI[ auh gurU swihb qoN pu~Cx lgw ik mrn mgroN nwl kI jWdw hY? gurU jI ny aus nUM disAw ik “cMgy kMm, BlweI, nykI qy BgqI hI mrn vyly ienswn dw ^zwnw huMdw hY[ ieh ^zwnw vI ienswn dy mrn mgroN aus dy nwl nhIN jWdw blik ijaUNidAW hI kMm AwauNdw hY[ ikauN ik bMdw mrn ip`CoN ikqy nhIN jWdw[ hW mrn ip`CoN aus dy kwrnwmy ip`Cy C`fI jwiedwd bxdy hn[”
aunHIN idnIN hI dunI cMd ny Awpxy bwp dw SrwD kIqw[ aus ny gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw nUM vI SrwD vwly idn rotI ‟qy bulwieAw[ gurU swihb ny dunI cMd nUM smJwieAw ik “SrwD vyly pMfqW nUM idqw igAw dwn isr& pMfqW dy Gr hI rih jwxw hY qy ip~qrW nUM nhIN pu~jxw[ ijvyN bMdy dy mrn mgroN dOlq jW koeI vI cIz aus dy nwl nhIN jWdI auvyN hI bzurgW dy nW qy kIqw igAw dwn vI aunHW nUM nhIN pu~jdw[” gurU jI dI isiKAw nwl dunI cMd nUM cwnx ho igAw[ aus ny gurU jI A~gy isr JukwieAw Aqy is~KI dw dwn mMigAw[ {mgroN iesy dunI cMd ny hI 1522 ivc krqwrpur (pwiksqwn) ivc sMgqW vwsqy is~KW dI pihlI srW vI bxweI sI}[ (lwhOr ivc, id`lI drvwzw, purwxw koqvwlI cOk ivc muh`lw isirAWvwlw gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies jgh kdy BweI dunI cMd dI hvylI huuMdI sI)[
eymnwbwd (sYdpur): BweI lwlo qy milk Bwgo nwl myl
lwhOr qoN mgroN Awp dw dUjw v`fw pVwA (lwhOr qoN 53 iklomItr dUr, gujrWvwlw qoN 18 iklomItr pihlW) sYdpur (hux eymnwbwd) sI[ eyQy gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw BweI lwlo (jo GtwauVw zwq dw qrKwx sI) dy Gr Tihry[ eyQoN gurU swihb ny BweI mrdwnw ƒ qlvMfI ByijAw qW jo auh Awpxy pirvwr ƒ audwsI dy s&r ‟qy jwx bwry ds Awey[ BweI mrdwnw dy vwips Awaux qk gurU swihb sYdpur ivc hI rhy qy roz dIvwn sjWdy rhy[ ipMf qoN bwhr, ij`Qy roVW Aqy p`QrW dy ivckwr bYT ky Awp kIrqn kirAw krdy sn, au~Qy “gurduAwrw roV swihb” bixAw hoieAw hY[
jdoN gurU swihb BweI lwlo kol Tihry hoey sn, audoN sYdpur dy iek bVy v`fy AmIr AwdmI, milk Bwgo, ny Awpxy mwipAW dy srwD dy nW ‟qy, iek v`fw-Boj kIqw Aqy ies ivc swry ipMf dy lokW ƒ rotI vwsqy s`idAw[ milk Bwgo iek hMkwirAw hoieAw, D`ky-Kor Aqy zwlm AwdmI sI[ lok aus ƒ idloN n&rq krdy sn[ aus ny gurU nwnk swihb ƒ vI Kwxy ‟qy s`idAw[ pr gurU swihb ny aus dI rotI Kwx qoN nWh kr idqI[ jdoN milk Bwgo ƒ pqw lgw ik ies „PkIr‟ ny aus Boj ivc ih`sw lYx qoN ienkwr kIqw hY qW aus ny Awpxy Aihlkwr Byj ky gurU swihb ƒ jbrI bulw ByijAw[ jd gurU swihb au~Qy pu`jy qW aus ny pu`iCAw ik qusIN myry „bRhm-Boj‟ ivc Swiml ikauN nhI hoey? gurU swihb ny aus ƒ AwiKAw ik qyrI rotI imhnq dI kmweI dI nhIN[ swƒ ies ivc grIbW qy kwimAW dw ^Un idsdw hY[ ies ‟qy milk Bwgo ivc iek vwr qW cup ho igAw[ (eyQoN hI kuJ lyKkW ny gurU swihb vloN incoV ky duD qy ^Un vgwaux dI krwmwq GV leI)[ Pyr milk Bwgo pu`Cx lgw qusIN CotI zwq dy BweI lwlo dy Gr dI rotI ikauN kbUl krdy ho? gurU swihb ny ikhw swƒ aus dI rotI ivc eImwndwrI qy imhnq dw du`D nzr AwauNdw hY[ nwly CotI jwq qW aus dI hY jo r`b qoN dUr rihMdw hY, BweI lwlo qW r`b dy nyVy hY[ auh qW r`b dw ipAwrw hY, pu`qr hY[ pihloN qW milk Bwgo ƒ gurU swihb dIAW KrIAW g`lW qy bVw gu`sw AwieAw pr kuJ icr mgroN milk Bwgo ƒ vI sum`q AweI[ aus ny vI gurU swihb qoN is`KI dwn mMigAw Aqy aus ny AwpxI dOlq dw iek v`fw ih`sw grIbW Aqy loVvMdW qy ^rc kr idqw qy auh milk Bwgo qoN “BweI Bwgo” bx igAw[ eyny ivc hI BweI mrdwnw vI qlvMfI qoN muV AwieAw sI[ kuJ idn auQy rihx mgroN gurU swihb Drm pRcwr vwsqy A`gy tur pey[
(eymnwbwd ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iqMn gurduAwry bxy hoey hn: roVI swihb, c`kI swihb, KUhI BweI lwlo)[
qulMbw Aqy s`jx T`g
sYdpur qoN gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw qulMbw (sYdpur qoN 320 iklomItr dUr) vl cl pey[ qulMbw aunHW idnW ivc lwhOr qoN mulqwn dy rwh ivc iek v`fw ksbw sI (mgroN bdySI DwVvIAW ny ies nUM lu`t ky qbwh kr id`qw sI)[ ies Sihr ivc s`jx nW dy iek bMdy ny muswi&rW vwsqy srW bxweI hoeI sI[ s`jx ny jdoN do muswi&r dyKy qW auh aunHW kol igAw[ auh gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ƒ AwpxI srW ivc lY AwieAw[ s`jx au~qoN bVIAW im`TIAW g`lW krdw sI, pr drAsl auh iek v`fw T`g qy kwiql sI[ auh AwpxI srW ivc Tihrx vwly muswiPrW ƒ rwq vyly, su`qy ipAW ƒ, kql kr ky aunHW dw swmwn lut lYNdw sI[
gurU nwnk swihb qy BweI mrdwnw ny rwq s`jx „T`g‟ kol ibqwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ sOx qoN pihlW gurU swihb ny kIrqn kIqw[ gurU swihb ny iek Sbd gWivAw:
aujlu kYhw iclkxw Goitm kwlVI msu] DoiqAw jUiT n auqrY jy sau Dovw iqsu] sjx syeI nwil mY clidAw nwil clµin@] ijQY lyKw mMgIAY iqQY KVy idsMin] koTy mMfp mwVIAw pwshu icqvIAwhw] FTIAw kMim n Awvn@I ivchu sKxIAwhw] bgw bgy kpVy qIrQ mMiJ vsMin@] Guit Guit jIAw Kwvxy bgy nw khIAin@] isMml ruKu srIru mY mYjn dyiK Bulµin@] sy Pl kMim n Awvn@I qy gux mY qin hMin@] AMDulY Bwru auTwieAw fUgr vwt bhuqu] AKI loVI nw lhw hau ciV lµGw ikqu] cwkrIAw cMigAweIAw Avr isAwxp ikqu] nwnk nwmu smwil qUM bDw Cutih ijqu] {s&w 729}
ies ivc d`isAw hY ik ijvyN kYNh (kWsI) dy BWfy nuM vwr-vwr Dox nwl vI aus dI kwl^ nhIN jWdI; ieM\ hI mwVw bMdw ijMnw mrzI Blw id`sx dI koiSS kry, aus dw JUT zwihr ho hI jWdw hY[ ieh sux ky s`jx bVw SrimMdw hoieAw[ gurU swihb ny s`jx ƒ ienswnIAq dw sbk idqw[ gurU swihb dIAW g`lW dw aus ‟qy eynw Asr hoieAw ik aus ny A`gy qoN T`gI Aqy gunwh bMd krnw dw pRx kIqw qy auh gurU dw is`K bx igAw[ aus dI kqlgwh rUpI srW hux Drmswlw bx geI[
qulMbw qoN tur ky, gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw (135 iklomItr dUr) pwkptn dy ptn (p`qx) „qy phuMcy[ pwkptn izlw imMtgumrI (hux swhIvwl) dw iek mShUr ksbw hY[ mShUr sU&I muslmwn Sy^ &rId dw mzwr iesy jgh qy hY[ aus dy mzwr qy, aus dy jWnSInW ny fyrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY[ ies ksby dw pihlw nW AjoDn sI[ ieQy dirAw pwr krn vwsqy p`qx sI so ies ipMf ƒ p`qx (p`tx) kihx lg pey sn[ pr Sy^ &rId dy fyry kr ky ies dw nW pwik (pivqr) pqx, qy iPr pwkptn clx lg ipAw[ pwkptn ivc gurU swihb auqy BweI mrdwnw Sy^ &rId dy mzwr vwly fyry qy Tihry[ eyQy Awp dI mulwkwq Sy^ iebrwhIm (jo Sy^ &rId dw g`dIdwr sI) nwl hoeI[ Sy^ iebrwhIm ny gurU nwnk swihb ƒ Sy^ &rId dI qy kuJ AwpxI bwxI suxweI[ gurU swihb ny vI gurbwxI dw kIrqn kIqw[ gurbwxI nUM sux ky Sy^ iebrwhIm gurU swihb qoN bVw muqwisr hoieAw Aqy aus ny gurU swihb dI rUhwnIAq A`gy isr JukwieAw[
pwkptn qoN (mOjUdw Abohr dy nyiVEN lMGdy hoey), hrIpurw qy Abohr* huMdy hoey Awp Btnyr (hux hnUmwngVH, rwijsQwn) vl (135 iklomItr) cl pey[ (Awp dy qulMbw qoN pwkptn dI jgh mulqwn jwx dw izkr vI imldw hY)[ Btnyr audoN bhuq v`fw ngr huMdw sI[ ie`Qy iksy vly B`tI rwijAW ny bhuq v`fw iklHw bxwieAw sI jo Aj vI mOjUd hY[ (*Abohr vI pRwcIn ngr hY; ieQoN dy purwxy ikly dy KMfr A`j vI mOjUd hn)[
srsw
Btnyr ivc pVwA krn qoN bwAd Awp (90 iklomItr dUr) srsw v`l cl pey[[ ieh g`l &rvrI 1508 dy A`D dI hY[ ie`Qy do muslmwn PkIrW pIr bhwvl Aqy pIr Abdul SkUr dw bVw Asr sI; Awp ny dohW nwl Dwrimk crcw kr ky Asl Drm dw pRcwr kIqw sI[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry „qy jwdU-khwxIAW dw iek borf l`gw hoieAw hY ijs ivc gurU jI v`loN muridAW nUM ijaUNdw krn dI jwdU khwxI Aqy krwmwq vwlIAW g`pW dw izkr kIqw hoieAw[ gurU swihb qW sgoN AijhI AKOqI krwmwq nUM r`d krdy hn[ ieh gurduAwrw iek inrmlw-audwsI gru`p kol hox kr ky ie`Qy pMQk mirAwdw nhIN cldI[ (hor qW hor ies gurduAwry ivc dilq is`KW nwl ivqkrw vI kIqw jWdw h[
krHw
srsw qoN c`l ky, v`K-v`K ipMfW ivc ruk-ruk ky s`cy Drm dw pYZwm dyNdy hoey, &rvrI 1508 dy A^Ir ivc (200 iklomItr dUr) krHw pu`jy[ krHw ivc Awp ny iek bRwhmx dw ividAw dw hMkwr qoiVAw[ ies gurduAwry ivc iek jwdU-khwxI dw borf l`gw hoieAw hY ijs ivc iek g`p ilKI hoeI hY ik gurU jI ny iek mry hoey aUT nUM izMdw kr ky aus aUT qoN bRwhmx dI ividAw dw hMkwr quVwieAw[ (AijhIAW g`p khwxIAW keI gurduAwirAW ivc l`gy borfW „qy ilKIAW hoeIAW hn ijnHW qoN gurU jI nUM iek krwmwqI jwdUgr dy rUp ivc pyS krn dI hrkq kIqI hoeI hY[ ieho ijhIAW jwdUeI krwmwqW is`KI r`d krdI hY)[
iphovw
krHw ivc iek idn rukx mgroN Awp (11 iklomItr dUr) iphovw pu`jy[ iphovw ivc ihMdU Awpxy mr cuky irSqydwrW dy ipMf Brwaux dI rsm krn jwieAw krdy sn[ gurU swihb ny ie`Qy ruk ky lokW nUM ies krm kWf qoN htwaux vwsqy isiKAw id`qI[ aunHW ikhw ik ies rsm nwl jo dwn bRwhmxW nUM kIqw jWdw hY auh mr cuky irSqydwrW nUM nhIN pu`jdw bl ik ieh bRwhmxW dI rozI rotI dy kMm AwauNdw hY[ ies ngr ivc hux vI bhuq swry pWfy rihMdy hn ijnHW kol do kU swl purwxIAW kuJ vhIAW vI hn ijnHW ivc auQy jwx vwilAW dy hvwly ilKy hoey hn[ iek-do pWifAW kol gurU nwnk swihb dy ^wndwn dw AKOqI kursInwmw vI hY ijs ivc bhuq Zlq jwxkwrI hY[ jwpdw hY ik aunHW ny ieh iksy qoN sux ky iliKAw hovygw[
kurKyqr (kurUkSyqr) ivc mws bwry crcw
iphovw qoN cl gurU jI (31 iklomItr dUr) kurKyqr (kurUkSyqr) gey[ aunHW idnHW ivc au`Qy mylw lgw hoieAw sI[ ies idn kurKyqr ivc coKI igxqI ivc ihMdU iek`Ty hoey sn[ gurU swihb iek au~cy it`by qy bYT gey qy kIrqn SurU kr idqw[ bhuq swry lok suxn vwsqy gurU swihb dy kol bYT gey[ kuJ icr mgroN iek rwj kumwr Aqy aus dI mW au~Qy Aw gey[ aus rwjkumwr ny kurKyqr vl AwauNidAW rwh ivc iek ihrn dw iSkwr kIqw sI[ pr kurKyqr ivc aus ƒ iksy pWfy ny AwK id`qw sI ik myly dy mOky ‟qy mws Kwx dI mnwhI hY[ ies kr ky aus rwj kumwr ny auh ihrn gurU swihb ƒ ByNt kr id`qw[ QoVI dyr mgroN gurU swihb ny auh ihrn iek mtky ivc pw ky ir`Jx vwsqy A`g qy r`K id`qw[ jdoN mws dy ir`Jx dI ^uSbU iKlrx lgI qW pWfy iek`Ty ho ky gurU swihb dy kol Aw gey[ aunHW ny gurU swihb v`loN mws irMnHx dy svwl ‟qy JgVnw SurU kr idqw[ gurU swihb ny aunHW koloN puiCAw ik kI ihMdU mirAwdw muqwibk Dwrimk myly smyN JgVw kIqw jw skdw hY? ies ‟qy pWfy cup ho gey[ aunHW pWifAW ivc iek nwƒ nW dw ivdvwn sI[ auh Awpxy Awp ƒ sB qoN vD isAwxw smJdw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb ƒ AwiKAw ik „ieh TIk hY ik myly vyly JgVw nhIN ho skdw pr ivcwr Aqy dlIl dI g`l qW ho skdI hY‟[ auh gurU swihb ƒ kihx lgw ik sUrj gRihx vyly mws Kwxw Zlq hY[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ smJwieAw ik sUrj-gRihx dw mws Kwx jW nw Kwx nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ mws qy swg, dovyN, vwihgurU ny Kwx vwsqy bxwey hn[ mws dw JgVw mUrKW dI Kyf hY[ ienswn dw qW jnm hI mws qoN huMdw hY[ ienswn keI qrIikAW nwl mws dI vrqoN krdw hY[ gurU swihb ny bRwhmxW ƒ mws bwry iek Sbd suxwieAw:
mwsu mwsu kir mUrKu JgVy igAwnu iDAwnu nhI jwxY ] kauxu mwsu kauxu swgu khwvY iksu mih pwp smwxy ] gYNfw mwir hom jg kIey dyviqAw kI bwxy ] mwsu Coif bYis nku pkVih rwqI mwxs Kwxy ] PVu kir lokW no idKlwvih igAwnu iDAwnu nhI sUJY ] nwnk AMDy isau ikAw khIAY khY n kihAw bUJY ] AMDw soie ij AMDu kmwvY iqsu irdY is locn nwhI ] mwq ipqw kI rkqu inpMny mCI mwsu n KWhI ] iesqRI purKY jW inis mylw EQY mMDu kmwhI ] mwshu inMmy mwshu jMmy hm mwsY ky BWfy ] igAwnu iDAwnu kCu sUJY nwhI cquru khwvY pWfy ] bwhr kw mwsu mMdw suAwmI Gr kw mwsu cMgyrw ] jIA jMq siB mwshu hoey jIie lieAw vwsyrw ] ABKu BKih BKu qij Cofih AMDu gurU ijn kyrw ] mwshu inMmy mwshu jMmy hm mwsY ky BWfy ] igAwnu iDAwnu kCu sUJY nwhI cquru khwvY pWfy ] mwsu purwxI mwsu kqybˆØI chu juig mwsu kmwxw ] jij kwij vIAwih suhwvY EQY mwsu smwxw ] iesqRI purK inpjih mwshu pwiqswh sulqwnW ] jy Eie idsih nrik jWdy qW aun@ kw dwnu n lYxw ]dyNdw nrik surig lYdy dyKhu eyhuiD|wxw ] Awip n bUJY lok buJwey pWfy KrwisAwxw ] pWfy qU jwxY hI nwhIikQhu mwsu aupMnw ] qoieAhu AMnu kmwdu kpwhW qoieAhu iqRBvxu gMnw ] qoAw AwKY hau bhu ibiD hCw qoAY bhuqu ibkwrw ] eyqy rs Coif hovY sMinAwsI nwnku khY ivcwrw] (ieh Sbd mlHwr dI vwr dI 25 vIN pauVI ivc hY Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 1289-90 qy drj hY)[
gurU swihb dy ivcwr sux ky pWfw nwƒ Aqy aus dy swQI lwjvwb ho gey[ aunHW ny gurU swihb A`gy isr JukwieAw Aqy cly gey[ ienHW pWifAW ivcoN keI gurU swihb dy cyly vI bx gey[ gurU swihb kuJ idn kurUkSyqr rhy Aqy iPr hrduAwr vwly pwsy ƒ cl pey[ (kurUkSyqr ivc iksy vyly ies ngr ivc iek purwxIAW ie`tW dw pRwcIn qlwA huMdw sI ijhVw lokW dynhwaux, kpVy Dox Aqy KyqW nUMpwxI dyx dykMm AwauNdw sI[ pr mgroN ihMdUAWny ies nUM bRhmsrovr dw nW dyky Dwrimk
srovr bxw ilAw[ 15 Pu`t fUMGy, 1800 Put cOVy qy 1500 Put lMmy ies srovr nUM 1968 qoN 1990 ivckwr, qkrIbn 22 swl ivc bxieAw igAw sI[ ies dy nyVy hI ipCly pwsy v`l, gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw is`D btI‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[)[
kpwl mocn
kurUkSyqr qoN cl ky gurU jI hrduAwr jWidAW (70 iklomItr dUr) kpwl mocn ivc ruky[ ies jgh „qy imQhwsk dyvqy iSv, imQhwsk ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw ikSn Aqy imQhwsk ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw rwm dy nW „qy mMdr bxy hoey hn[ihMdU imQhws dI iek kQw muqwibk jd dyvqw bRhmw AwpxI DI „qy hI moihq ho igAw qW iek hor dyvqy iSv ny aus dw isr v`F id`qw[ ikauN ik bRhmw bRwhmx sI ies kr ky isr v`fx dy ies pwp kwrn bRhmw dw isr iSv dy iek h`Q nwl cMbV igAw[ iSv ny aus isr nUM lwhux vwsqy swrw zor lwieAw pr auh kuJ nw kr sikAw[ auh keI qIrQW „qy igAw Aqy A^Ir ies jgh iek qlwA ivc nhwaux nwl aus dy h`Q qoN bRhmw dw isr l`Q igAw[ ies kr ky ies qlwA dw nW „kpwl mocn‟ (kpwl= KopVI/isr, mocn= Cutkwrw hoxw) qlwA bx igAw[ ies mgroN pWfvW ny vI Aw ky imQhwsk ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw ikRSn nwl rl ky ieh nvW qlwA „KoijAw‟ qy ies ies nUM „irxmocn srovr‟ dw nW id`qw[ bRwhmxW dw pRcwr hY ik ies ivc nhwaux nwl krizAW qoN mukqI iml jWdI hY[ ies ipMf ivc qIjw qlwA sUrjkuMf hY[ ies bwry pujwrIAW dw ieh pRcwr hY ik imQhwsk ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw rwm cMdr ny rwvx nUM mwrx mgroN ies jgh „qy Aw ky bRwhmx (rwvx) nUM mwrn dw pwp Doqw sI[ ies khwxI muqwibk rwvx ikauN ik bRwhmx sI, ies kr ky auh rwm qoN vD piv`qr sI (hwlW ik bhuqy ihMdU rwm nUM r`b mMndy hn; ies ihswb nwl qW bRwhmx r`b qoN vI au¤cw hY[) ieh swrIAW khwxIAW pujwrIAW ny bRwhmx, Xwin Awpxy Awp, nUM aucw drswaux vwsqy GVIAW hoeIAW hn[ ie`Qy vI gurU nwnk jI iek idn rhy Aqy lokW nUM s`cy Drm dw sbk id`qw[ ie`QoN Awp (120 iklomItr dUr) hrduAwr v`l cl pey[
hrduAwr ivc ip`qrW nUM pwxI dyx bwry kOqk
gurU nwnk swihb vyly mOjUdw hrduAwr Sihr nhIN huMdw sI[ gMgw ivc nhwaux vwsqy lok eyQy iek`Ty huMdy sn pr qIrQ vjoN lok nyVy dy ipMf knKl ivc jwieAw krdy sn[ aus vyly mOjUdw hrduAwr Aqy knKl ivckwr swry ielwky ƒ mwieAwpurI AwKdy sI[ Akbr dy vzIr AbU &zl dI ilKI „AweIny-AkbrI‟ ivc vI ies +dw nW mwieAwpurI vjoN hI AwauNdw hY[ ij`Qy gMgw dirAw bhuq fMUGw nhIN sI, aus QW ƒ „ivSnU dI pwauVI‟ AwKdy sn[ ivSƒ ƒ keI ihMdU „hrI‟ qy „hir‟ vI kihMdy hn[ hOlI hOlI ies QW dw nW „hir kI pauVI‟ vjoN vDyry jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ „hir kI pauVI‟ l&z qoN hI „hir kw duAwr‟ qy iPr hirduAwr bx igAw[ hrduAwr l&z qW isr& swFy iqMn sO swl purwxw hY[ (drbwr swihb ivc „hir kI pauVI‟ AwKI jWdI jgh dw nW vI bRwhmxW dw id`qw hoieAw nW hY Aqy ies dw is`KI nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY)[
gurU nwnk swihb hrduAwr ivc pihlI ivswK nUM 28 mwrc 1508 dy idn pu`jy sn[ aunHW ny Awpxw pVwA “hir kI pauVI” qoN qkrIbn FweI iqMn sO mItr dUr kIqw sI[ audoN ieh jgh iblkul aujwV sI[ Aj klH aus jgh ƒ “nwnk bwVw” AwKdy hn[ auQy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc “nwnk bwVw” fyrw bixAw hoieAw hY; pr ies dw kbzw is`KW kol nhIN qy audwsIAW kol hY (inrmilAW dw hYf kuAwrtr vI knKl ivc hY)[
hrduAwr ivc gurU swihb ny vyiKAw ik lok gMgw ivcoN pwxI k`F-k`F ky pUrb vwly pwsy su`t rhy sn: Xwin auh sUrj ƒ pwxI dy rhy sn[ gurU swihb ny lokW dw Brm qoVn vwsqy iek kOqk kIqw[ aunHW ny lokW dy ault pwsy p`Cm vl ƒ pwxI dyxw SurU kr idqw[ ies kOqk nUM vyK ky kuJ lok AwKx l`gy “lok qW sUrj ƒ pwxI dy rhy hn pr qusIN p`Cm vl ikauN pwxI dy rhy ho?” gurU swihb ny jvwb id`qw, “mYN lwhOr dy nyVy Awpxy KyqW nUM pwxI dy irhW[” Pyr gurU swihb ny puiCAw ik “lok sUrj ƒ pwxI ikauN dy rhy hn[” aunHW ivcoN iek bzurg ny jvwb idqw ik lok Awpxy ipqrW (mr cuky buzrgW) ƒ pwxI phuMcwauxw cwhuMdy hn[” gurU swihb ny AwiKAw, “ik ieh pwxI 49 kroV koh (157 kroV iklomItr) dUr puj jwvygw?” aus ny jvwb idqw “hW pu`j jweygw[” hux aus ihMdU ny gurU swihb ƒ svwl kIqw: “qusIN d`so ik ieh pwxI lwhOr dy nyVy ikvyN pu`jygw?” gurU swihb ny jvwb idqw “jy quhwfw pwxI 49 kroV koh dUr puj skdw hY qW kI myrw pwxI do sO koh dUr vI nhIN puj skygw[” aunHW lokW kol gurU swihb dI g`l dw jvwb nhIN sI[ pr bhuqy lok gurU swihb dI dlIl qoN kwiel ho gey[ sUJvwn lokW ny gurU swihb dI g`l mMn leI Awpxy ipqrW ƒ pwxI dyx dw pwKMf bMd kr idqw[ gurU swihb dw inSwnw aunHW dy Dwrimk XkIn ƒ s`t mwrnw nhIN sI blik &zUl krm kWf qoN htw ky cMgy ienswn bxnw isKwauxw qy Drm dy nW „qy pujwrIAW duAwrw pRcwry pwKMf nUM T`l pwauxw sI[ gurU swihb dw kuJ icr knKl ivc vI rhy qy sMgqW ƒ inhwl krdy rhy qy iPr rUhwnIAq dw C`tw mwrn vwsqy A`gy nUM tur pey[{ijs jgh gurU swihb ny ieh kOqk kIqw sI auQy “gurduAwrw igAwn godVI” bixAw hoieAw sI[ 1979 ivc cODrI crn isMh dI srkwr ny ies gurduAwry vwlI jgw ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ Ajy qk auh QW is`KW ƒ vwips nhIN iml skI (Aj klH ies QW „qy auqrWcl srkwr dw „Bwrq skwaUtz‟ dy nW dw srkwrI d&qr bixAw hoieAw hY)}[
gYNfI Kwqw Aqy kotduAwr
hrduAwr qoN tur ky gurU nwnk swihb bdrInwQ Aqy kydwr nwQ v`l cl pey[ ies pwsy v`l vI bhuq lok Dwrimk Xwqrw vwsqy jWdy huMdy sn[ gurU swihb ny ienHW XwqrIAW nUM krm kWf dI jgh s`cy Drm dI isiKAw dyx vwsqy ieh rsqw cuixAw[ bdrInwQ jwx vwsqy audoN izAwdw lok kot duAwr, pOVI qy sRIngr dy rsqy rudrpRXwg Aqy joSIm`T huMdy hoey bdrI nwQ jWdy huMdy sn Aqy kydwr nwQ vwsqy rudrpRXwg qoN rsqw vKrw ho jWdw sI[
hrduAwr qoN cl ky gurU nwnk jI ny pihlw pVwA (20 iklomItr dUr) gYNfIKwqw ipMf ivc kIqw[ ie`Qy Awp dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy l`gy iek borf muqwibk (ijs „qy iek mnGVq krwmwqI khwxI ilKI hoeI hY) gurU jI 4 mhIny qy 13 idn rhy sn jo shI nhIN hY[ Awp ny isr& iek rwq pVwA kIqw sI qy iPr (37 iklomItr dUr) kotduAwr nUM cl pey sn[ kot duAwr ivc gurU jI ny „is`DblI mMdr‟ ivc iek`Ty hoey lokW nUM s`cy Drm dw sbk id`qw[ (hux mMdr vwilAW ny mMdr ivc drjnW imQhwsk dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI kwlpink qsvIr vI lweI hoeI hY qW jo is`KW nUM Awpxy v`l iKcx dI koiSS kIqI jw sky)[ iksy vyly ies mMdr dy nyVy iek in`kw ijhw „gurduAwrw crn pwdukw‟ huMdw sI ijhVw mgroN Fwh id`qw igAw[ hux is`K ie`Qy jgh lY ky Xwdgwr bxwaux dI koiSS kr rhy hn[ auN\ Sihr ivc iek lokl gurduAwrw mOjUd hY[
pOVI qy sRIngr
kotduAwr qoN c`l ky gurU nwnk swihb bdrInwQ qy kydwr nwQ vwsqy sRI ngr, rudrpRXwg qy krn pRXwg dy rsqy v`l pOVI ngr (kot duAwr qoN 108 iklomItr dUr) v`l cl pey[ kdy ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw huMdw sI, pr, hux auh jW koeI hor Xwdgwr mOjUd nhIN hY[ A`j pOVI iek v`fw Sihr bx cukw hY pr ie`Qy koeI is`K nhIN rihMdw, ies kr ky koeI mukwmI gurduAwrw vI nhIN hY[ kdy lok bdrInwQ jwx smyN ie`Qy pVwA kirAw krdy sn ies kr ky ies nUM bdrInwQ qy kydwr nwQ dy mMdrW dI pOVI ikhw krdy sn ijs nwl ies ipMf (hux Sihr) dw iehI nW bx igAw sI[ ieh au`cI jgh hox kr ky keI vwr mOsm sw& hox „qy ie`QoN ihmwlw phwV dIAW cotIAW nzr AwauNdIAW hn[
pOVI qoN gurU jI (29 iklomItr dUr) sRIngr pu`jy[ ieh jgh iksy zmwny ivc gVHvwl irAwsq dI rwjDwnI sI[ (ie`Qo dy rwjy &qih Swh ny 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn pwaUNtw swihb „qy hmlw kIqw sI qy BMgwxI ivc jMg lVI sI)[ sRIngr ivc vI iksy vly gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw crn pwdukw‟ bixAw hoieAw sI[ hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY pr iek lokl gurduAwrw zrUr mOjud hY ijs ivc bdrInwQ jwx vwly muswi&r rwq pVwA krdy hn (gurduAwry ivc cMgI Awmdn hox dy bwvjUd munwisb shUlqW nhIN hn)[ gurduAwry dy pRbMDkW nUM ieh vI nhIN pqw ik gurU nwnk swihb ie`Qy Awey sn qy kdy aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[
bwgySvr
sRI ngr qoN gurU nwnk swihb bdrI nwQ qy kydwr nwQ jwxw cwhuMdy sn pr rsqw bMd hox kr ky auh auDr jw nw sky[ ieh rsqw jUn dy A`D qoN mgroN KuilHAw krdw hY[ ies kr ky gurU jI sRIngr qoN (rudr pRXwg huMdy hoey) 42 iklomItr dUr krnpRXwg dy rwh v`loN bwgySvr v`l cly gey[ krnpRXwg qoN bwgySvr 68 iklomItr dUr hY[ ie`Qy do ndIAW „srXU‟ Aqy „gomqI‟ dw sMgm hY (sMgm mgroN gomqI ndI „srXU‟ ndI ivc smwA jWdI hY)[ ies sMgm dy nyVy iSv, pwrvqI, gxyS vZYrw dy mMdr huMdy sn, jo sB qoN pihlW ATvIN sdI ivc bxy sn; aunHW ivcoN do iemwrqW dy FWcy Ajy vI mOjUd hn[ hux vwlIAW iemwrqW gurU nwnk swihb qoN mgroN 1602 sMn ivc bxnIAW SurU hoeIAW sn[ ies jgh vI gurU nwnk swihb ny s`cy Drm dI isiKAw id`qI[ (ie`Qy vI gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY, jo ies mMdr qoN iek sO mItr pihly, dirAw srXU dy kMFy „qy hY)[
AlmoVw
bwgySvr qoN gurU nwnk swihb AlmoVw (70 iklomItr dUr) v`l cly gey[ AlmoVw bhuq aucweI „qy A`j iek bhuq v`fw ngr hY[ kdy ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc (AlmoVw Qwxw dy iblkul nyVy), mh`lw tmtw ivc, iek „mMjI swihb‟ huMdw sI; pr hux auh iek Kolw bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy aus „qy iksy hor dw kbzw hY[ mukwmI is`KW ny AlmoVw bs A`fy dy kol, ilMk rof „qy, iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw hY[
AlmoVw ivc pVwA kr ky gurU jI (91 iklomItr dUr) hldvwnI vl gey; gurU jI qy Swied nYnIqwl vI gey hoxgy ikauNik ieh AlmoVw Aqy hldvwnI dy ivckwr AwauNdw hY: (AlmoVw- nYnIqwl 62 iklomItr Aqy (hldvwnI -nYnIqwl 29 iklomItr)[ ienHW dohW jgh „qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY[ ies ielwky ivc bhuq swry is`K Awbwd hn qy ienHW jgh „qy lokl gurduAwry mOjUd hn[
rITw swihb dw s`co s`c
hldvwnI qoN huMdy hoey gurU nwnk swihb ipMf cOVw ip`qw (mOjUdw rITw swihb vwlI jgh „qy) pu`jy[ ie`Qy, ipMf dy hyTW, do ndIAW lDIAw Aqy rqIAw dw sMgm hY; gurduAwrw ipMf dy hyTW, ienW ndIAW dy kMFy „qy bixAw hoieAw hY[ rITw swihb dw k`cw rsqw, phwVIAW Aqy ndIAW dy kMiFAW rwhIN, 60 kU iklomItr hY; pr p`kI sVk dw rsqw bhuq lMmw bxdw hY[ ies jgh „qy ayus vyly XogIAW dw iek fyrw sI[ gurU jI ny XogIAW nUM s`c dy Drm dw rsqw d`isAw[ mgroN XogIAW dI mwnqw ^qm ho geI Aqy aunHW dw fyrw vI ^qm ho igAw[ hux gurduAwry dI rIs-brIsy aunHW ny vI jogI Fyr nwQ dy nW „qy iek m`T/fyrw/mMdr bxwieAw hY pr aus ivc hux bwhr qoN koeI vI XwqrU nhIN AwauNdw; kuJ ipMf vwsI kdy-kdy pUjw zrUr krdy hn[ ieh auh ielwkw hY ijQy ielwky ivc koeI ^urwk nw iml skx kwrn gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ny jMglI Pl, kMd mUl, rIiTAW dy Pl (ieh rITy pUrI qrHW im`Ty nhIN hn pr kOVy nw hox kr ky ienHW nUM im`Ty ikhw jWdw hY) Aqy p`qy KwDy[ (Swied ieh kMd mUl qy rITy vZYrw Kwx qoN hI mgroN iksy lyKk ny gurU swihb v`loN rITy im`Ty krn dI „krwmwq‟ dI khwxI GV leI hovgI)[
mOjUdw gurduAwrw rITw swihb dI iemwrq 1970 qoN bwAd dI hY[ pihlW ie`Qy iek in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb huMdw sI; pr 1929-30 ivc hldvwnI dy kuJ pMjwbI vpwr dy islisly ivc ieDr Awey; aunHW ivcoN Awsw isMG qy bYswKI rwm ny eyQy h`tI pw leI[ kuJ icr mgroN aunHW ny iek mukwmI vwsI lwl nwQ qoN jogIAW dy fyry dy nwl dI jgh ^rId leI Aqy hOlI-hOlI iek k`cI ijhI (tIn dI C`q vwlI) iemwrq bxw ky iek gurduAwrw bxw ilAw[ aus vyly ies dy pujwrI audwsI swDU sn[ 1970 qoN mgroN is`KW ny kuJ hor zmIn ^rId leI Aqy ieh gurduAwrw nwnkm`qw dI kmytI dy ieMqzwm ivc Aw igAw[ hux cOVw ip`qw dw nW „rITw swihb‟ vDyry jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ hOlI-hOlI gurduAwry dI iemwrq vI v`fI huuMdI geI[ hux kInIAw dI sMgq ny iek srW vI bxw id`qI hY[ 2000 sMn dy nyVy qyVy, ies gurduAwry „qy Swm isMG nW dy iek fyrydwr ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[
ies ielwky ivc keI pwsy rIiTAW dy kuJ dr^q mOjUd hn[ gurduAwry ivc iek purwxy dr^q dw su`kw qxw riKAw hoieAw hY ijs bwry dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik ieh gurU swihb dy vyly dy dr^q dI inSwnI hY[auN\ hux gurduAwry ivc kuJ dr^q nvyN lgw id`qy gey hn (2 dr^q muK gyt „qy Aqy 4-5 ip`Cly pwsy; pr ienHW swirAW bUitAW dy rITy kOVy hn, im`Ty nhIN)[ ies gurduAwry ivc Awaux vwlIAW sMgqW nUM rIiTAW dw Pl nUM „pRSwd‟ dy nw „qy id`qw jWdw hY; ieh rITy aunHW lokW qoN KrIdy jWdy hn ijnHW dIAW zmInW ivc rIiTAW dy dr^q hn[ sB qoN vD rITy iek zmINdwr qoN KrIdy jWdy hn, ijs dI gurduAwry qoN 5 kU iklomItr pihlW hY Aqy aus kol im`Ty rIitAW vwly iek-do dr^q hn, jo bhuq Pl dyNdy hn; auh kmytI nUM fyF qoN do rupY dw iek rITw vycdw hY[ (ie`Qy jgh ^rId ky hux gurduAwrw „qy kwbz swD ny „nwnk vwVI‟ nW „qy iek bwZ lwieAw hY ijs ivc im`Ty rIiTAW dy dr^q lwaux dI koiSS kIqI jw rhI hY)[ ieh vI crcw hY ik ijs swD dw gurduAwry „qy kbzw hY auh rIiTAW nUM KMf dI cwSnI nwl im`Tw kr ky „pRSwd‟ vjoN dyNdw hY[ rITw swihb vwlI khwxI kdoN GVI geI, ieh ikhw nhIN jw skdw[ ieh swKI bwly vwlI jnmswKI, imhrbwn vwlI jnmswKI, BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwx vwlI jnmswKI (drAsl srUp isMG inrmlw dI ilKI) jW ivlwieq vwlI jnmswKI jW iksy vI purwxy somy ivc nhIN imldI[ ivlwieq vwlI jnmswKI ivc „nwnkm`qw‟ vwlI swKI zrUr mOjUd hY[ ieM\ hI bwlw jnmswKI ivc Fwky v`l iek jgh „qy gurU jI Aqy mrdwny v`loN KKVIAW Kw ky Awhwr krn dw izkr zrUr imldw hY[
rITw swihb jwx vwsqy do rsqy hn: (1) kwSIpur, rudrpur, nwnkm`qw v`loN KtImw, tnkpur, cMpwvq, lohwGwt, dUnwGwt huMdy hoey rITw swihb, qkrIbn 200 iklomItr (2) hldvwnI qoN kwTgodwm, BImqwl, rITw swihb, qkrIbn 158 iklomItr [
(a)nwnk m`qw qoN rITw swihb: KtImw (19), tnkpur (25), cMpwvq (81), lohw Gwt (24) Aqy ie`QoN rITw swihb 52 iklomItr hY[ rsqw ^qrnwk phwVIAW vwlw hox kr ky lok svyry 4 vjy cl ky vwips vI Aw skdy hn pr dyr nwl clx vwilAW nUM rwq rITw swihb Tihrnw pYNdw hY[ (A) hldvwnI qoN rITw swihb: (kwTgodwm 8, BImqwl 18, rITw swihb 142); ieh rsqw muSikl hY ikauN ik ies pwsy trYi&k qy shUlqW Gt hn[ nYnIqwl qoN rITw swihb 129 iklomItr hY[
nwnk m`qw
rITw swihb vwlI QW qoN cl ky gurU swihb (sVk rwhIN 185 iklomIr dUr, pr pYdl qkrIbn 50 iklomItr) gorK m`qw gey[ ieh jgh gorK nwQ jogI dy cyilAW dw iek v`fw sYNtr sI[ (ho skdw hY „gorK mq‟ dy lokW dw fyrw jW aunHW dy cyilAW dw ipMf hox kr ky ies ƒ „gorK mqw‟ AwKdy hox[ m`qw l&z vI “m`T” qoN hI bixAw hY, ijs dw ArQ vI „fyrw‟ huMdw hY)[
gurUU nwnk swihb gorK m`qw ivc sqMbr 1508 ivc pu`jy sn[ Awp ie`Qy vI iek rwq Tihry sn[ ie`Qy jogIAW ny gurU swihb ƒ A`g dI DUxI Aqy pIx vwsqy pwxI dyx qoN nWh kr idqI[ gurU swihb ny p`QrW nwl A`g bwlI Aqy kuJ dUr mOjUd bwaulI ivcoN pwxI ilAWdw (ieh bwaulI A`j vI auQy, gurduAwry dy nyVy hI, mOjUd hY)[ ies bwaulI dy nyVy Aj klH iek fYm “nwnk swgr” bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies fYm dw muhwxw gorK (nwnk) m`qw qoN isr& iqMn iklomItr dUr hY (pr ies JIl dw iek isrw gurduAwry dy ip`Cy puj jWdw hY)[ (Aj klH gorK m`qw dw nW vI gurU nwnk swihb dI PyrI dI Xwd krn „nwnk m`qw‟ ho cu`kw hY[ kuJ lokW dw iKAwl hY ik ies QW dw nW „gorK mqw‟ qoN „nwnk mqw‟ audoN bixAw sI jd gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny 1634 ivc ie`Qy Awey sn)[
ies jgh ‟qy jogIAW ny gurU swihb nwl rUhwnIAq dy nukiqAW ‟qy ivcwr kIqI[ aunHW ikhw ik kMn ivc muMdrW pwaux, iKMQw, isM|I, fMfw h`Q ivc r`K ky, mMg-ipMn ky Kwxw qy DUxIAW jgw ky AKOqI qp krnw jog nhIN; jog qW ies dunIAW ivc rih ky mwieAw dI kwl^ qoN bcxw hY[ jogI gurU swihb dIAW dlIlW A`gy lwjvwb ho gey[ Awi^r jogIAW ny hwr mMn leI[ jogIAW nwl kIqI crcw bwry iek Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 730 ‟qy imldw hY:
jogu n iKMQw jogu n fMfY jogu n Bsm cVweIAY] jogu n muMdI mUMif mufwieAY jogu
n isM|I vweIAY] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY] glI jogu n
hoeI] eyk idRsit kir smsir jwxY jogI khIAY soeI] jogu n bwhir mVI mswxI
jogu n qwVI lweIAY] jogu n dyis idsMqir BivAY jogu n qIriQ nweIAY] AMjn
mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY] siqgurU BytY qw shsw qUtY Dwvqu vrij rhweIAY] inJru JrY shj Duin lwgY Gr hI prcw pweIAY] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY] nwnk jIviqAw mir rhIAY AYsw jogu kmweIAY] vwjy bwJhu isM|I vwjY qau inrBau pdu pweIAY] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq qau pweIAY]
nwnkm`qw ivc gurU nwnk swihb iek ip`pl dy dr^q hyTW bYTy sn, auh ip`pl hux ^qm ho cukw hY, pr aus dI jgh „qy kuJ nvIAW Sw^wvW aug peIAW hn[ kuJ bysmJ lok ies ip`pl nUM vI m`Qw tyk dyNdy hn[ nwnkm`qw ivc iek gurduAwrw „du`D vwlw KUh‟ vI bxwieAw hoieAw hY ijs nwl gurU swihb dI pwxI nUM du`D bxwaux dI krwmwq dI JUTI khwxI vI GV leIAW hoeI hY[
kwSIpur
nwnk m`qw qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb qy BweI mrdwnw (105 iklomItr dUr) kwSIpur ngr ivc gey[ ieh vI audoN ihMdUAW dw iek v`fw sYNtr sI[ ie`Qy vI gurU jI ny lokW nUM krm kWf C`f ky AmlI Dwrimk jIvn ijaUx dw sbk id`qw[ kwSIpur ivc Aj-klH bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[
AlmoVw, hldvwnI qy pIlI BIq aunHW idnHW ivc jogIAW dy v`fy sYNtr sn[ ienHW swrIAW jgh qy bhuq swry lok jogIAW nUM C`f ky gurU nwnk swihb dy is`K bxy[
tWfw (nwnkpurI tWfw): izMdgI Aqy mOq Akwl purK dw Bwxw hY kwSIpur qoN cl ky gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw (30 iklomItr dUr) irAwsq rwmpur ivc gey sn[ ies irAwsq ivc iek v`fw ksbw tWfw sI jo aus vyly vxjwirAW dI bsqI sI[
(isr& ies rwmpur vwlw tWfw nUM hI nhIN, blik vxjwirAW dI hr bsqI ƒ tWfw hI AwiKAw jWdw sI[ Aijhw iek tWfw, ijs ƒ „motw tWfw‟ jW „tWfw lubwxw‟ Aqy „KWfw‟ vI kihMdy sn, kSmIr ivc vI hY[ BweI m`Kx Swh vxjwrw (lubwxw) au¤QoN dw rihx vwlw sI[ iek tWfw pMjwb dy izlw huiSAwpur ivc vI hY[ tWfw dw mwAnw hY kw&lw[ aunHW zmwinAW ivc vpwrI Awpxw swmwn aUTW, GoiVAW, K`crW vZYrw ‟qy l`d ky kw&ilAW dy rUp ivc iljwieAw krdy sn qy ieh kw&lw/tWfw kuJ ^ws QWvW ‟qy ruikAw krdw sI[ ieh QWvW vI, vkq bIqx nwl, tWfw vjoN jwxIAW jwx lg peIAW sn)[
jdoN gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw tWfw pu`jy qW au~QoN dy lok iek v`fy vxjwry (vpwrI) dy Gr bytw jMmx dy jSn mnw rhy hn[ gurU swihb aus jgh kol ruky qy bwxI dw kIrqn SurU kr id`qw[ vxjwry AwpxI ^uSI ivc eyny msq sn ik aunHW ny AwpxI „mOj msqI‟ ivc gurU swihb Aqy mrdwny dw zrw vI iKAwl nw kIqw[ ie`q&wk nwl vxjwry ijs b`cy dI KuSI mn rhy sn, auh ausy idn hI mr igAw[ aunHW smiJAw ik gurU swihb ƒ nzr-AMdwz krn kr ky b`cy dI mOq ho geI sI[ vxjwirAW ny gurU swihb ƒ FUMifAw Aqy AwpxI Bu`l b^SweI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ smJwieAw ik “izMdgI Aqy mOq vwihgurU dy b^Sy hoey hn[ ienswn ƒ ijMny swh
vwihgurU ny b^Sy hn, Eny swh pUry kr ky ienswn ny tur jwxw hY[” tWfw ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw nwnkpurI tWfw‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ pr ie`Qy vI gurU swihb dI PyrI dy sbMD ivc mnGVq khwxIAW GV leIAW geIAW hn ijnHW muqwibk eyQoN dy nvwb ny gurU jI nUM kYd kr ilAw Aqy Zulwm vWg vyc id`qw qy iPr gurU jI nUM c`kI pIsxI peI (qy iek hor krwmwq ik c`kI Awpy c`lx lg peI)[ iPr iek krwmq pwxI suk jwx kwrn KUhW ivc pwxI ilAwaux dI vI GV leI geI sI[ ieM\ hI iek khwxI ByfW dy mr jwx „qy aus nUM izMdw kr dyx dI khwxI vI GVI geI hY[ ienHW mnGVq swKIAW dy nW „qy ie`Qy keI gurduAwry hor vI bxw ley gey hn: c`kI swihb, mwr jIvwlw swihb, Gwt swihb vZYrw[
audoN gurU swihb kuJ idn vxjwirAW dy tWfy ivc rhy sn Aqy au~QoN AX`uiDAw vl ƒ cly gey sn[ gurduAwrw nwnkpurI tWfw dw bwg vwlw ih`sw ih`sw izlHw rwmpur (XU.pI), Gwt swihb brylI izlHw (XU.pI) ivc Aqy gurduAwrw dI muK iemwrq izlHw aUDm isMG ngr (auqrwKMf) ivc hY; Xwin hux ieh ipMf iqMn izilHAW Aqy do sUibAW dw sMgm hY[
tWfw qoN murwdwbwd
tWfw qoN gurU nwnk swihb murwdwbwd v`l gey[ murwdwbwd ivc id`lI bweI pws „qy, tol bUQ qoN iek iklomItr dUr (K`by h`Q), kdy jogIAW dw fyrw huMdw sI[ gurU swihb ny jogIAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ hux ies QW „qy audwsIAW dw fyrw hY pr nzdIk hI, v`fI sVk dy nyVy, gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw nwnk vwVI bxwieAw igAw hY[ ies qoN 2 iklomItr dUr ipMf rqngVH hY[ ies jgh vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw rqngVH bxwieAw igAw hY[ie`Qy gurU jI dw ie`QoN dy rwjw rqn rwey nwl myl hoieAw sI[
gurU nwnk swihb murwdwbwd qoN brylI, pIlIBIq qoN A`gy KutIr kol plIhW (kiVAwlw Gwt) (murwdwbwd qoN 215 iklomItr) vI gey sn[ auQy vI gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[
golw gokrn nwQ
ies mgroN gurU nwnk swihb golw ngr (KutIr qoN golw gokrn nwQ 25 iklomItr) ivc ruky[ hux ies ngr nUM golw gokrn nwQ vI kihMdy hn (ihMdU imQhws muqwibk ie`Qy rwvx AwieAw sI qy aus kol „iSv ilMg‟ sI, ijs nUM zor nwl Gu`tx kwrn aus „qy gW dy kMn (go krn= gW dw kMn) vrgw inSwn pY igAw sI; ijs kwrn ieQy „go-krn nwQ‟ nW dw mMdr bxw id`qw igAw sI; ngr dw nW aus mMdr dy nW „qy hY)[ golw, A`j dy KyVI izly dw, iek v`fw ksbw hY[ iksy vyly ieh ksbw buD Drm dw iek v`fw sYNtr irhw sI[ kdy gMgw dirAw golw dy nyiVEN lMGdw huMdw sI[ iPr dirAw ny vihx bdl ilAw qy ksby dI mhwnqw vI Gt geI[ kdy golw ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek in`kw ijhw „mMjI sihb‟ huMdw sI pr hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY[ hW, Sihr ivc is`KW dy kuJ Gr hn qy aunHW ny iek lokl gurduAwrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY pr aunHW nUM gurU nwnk swihb dy auQy jwx dw koeI pqw qk nhIN hY[ (rwmpur tWfw qoN rudrpur 73 Aqy rudrpur qoN golw 169 iklomItr hY; pIlIBIq qoN golw 84 iklomItr dUr hY)[
sIqwpur
golw qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb sIqwpur gey (golw gokrn nwQ qoN sIqwpur 80 iklomItr)[ ies ngr dw mu`F rwjw ivkrmidqIAw ny bMinAw sI; Aqy imQhwsk ikqwb „rwmwiex‟ muqwibk sIqw dw jnm iesy jgh hoieAw sI (iesy kr ky jgh dw nW „sIqwngr‟ hY)[ iek hor irhwvieq muqwibk irSI vyd ivAws ny purwn ies jgh dy nyVy hI (nYmISrixAw ivc) ilKy sn[ieh ngr ihMdUAW dy 5 DwmW (sB qoN pivqr ngrw) ivcoN iek hY[ ie`Qy gurU jI ny lokW nUM imQhws „coN inkl ky r`b dw s`cw Drm ijaUx dI isiKAw id`qI[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw nImsr‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[
AXu`iDAw: hom X`g qy qp`isAw dw Brm qoVnw
sIqwpur qo gurU nwnk swihb AXuiDAw (sIqwpur qoN AXoiDAw 210 iklomItr) nUM cl pey[ ijs idn Awp AXu`iDAw phuMcy aus idn 19 AkqUbr 1508 dI qwrI^ sI[
jdoN gurU swihb AXu`iDAw phuMcy qW lok X`g kr rhy sn[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ smJwieAw ik Xg, hom, qp, rsmI pUjw jW AKOqI qp`isAw dy nW „qy ijsm ƒ duK dyxw, mukqI nhIN dyNdy[ isr& vwihgurU ƒ cyqy r`Kx qy sicAwr dI izMdgI jIx nwl hI (jnm mrx dy fr qoN) mukqI imldI hY[ gurU swihb ny ies mOky ‟qy iek slok aucwirAw:
jgn, hom, puMn, qp, pUjw, dyh duKI, inq dUK shY]
rwm nwm ibnu mukiq n pwvis mukiq nwim gurmuiK lhY] (s&w 1127)
kuJ lokW ny ies Sbd ƒ sux ky rwm dw mqlb imQhwsk rcnw „rwmwiex‟ dw nwiek smiJAw[ ijs ‟qy gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ disAw ik mYN „rwmwiex‟ ikqwb dy rwjy rwm cMdr dw nW jpx vwsqy nhIN blik prmwqmw dw nW jpx vwsqy ikhw hY[ prmwqmw hr QW „rimAw‟ hoieAw hY[ ies kr ky aus Akwl purK ƒ „rmeIAw‟ Aqy „rwm‟ vI kihMdy hW[ rwjw dSrQ ny r`b dy iesy nW kwrn Awpxy puqr dw nW rwm rK id`qw hovygw[ dSrQ dw pu`qr rwm iek v`fw rwjw BwvyN hovygw pr auh pRmwqmw nhIN sI[ hW aus dw nW pRmwqmw dy iek nW vrgw zrUr sI[AXuiDAw ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc “gurduAwrw bRhm kuMf”, bixAw hoieAw hY[ mgroN ie`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI gey sn[
tWfw (izlHw AwzmgVH)
gurU swihb kuJ idn AXuiDAw rhy qy iPr ie`QoN A`gy v`l cl pey[Awp sB qoN pihlW tWfw (AXuiDAw qoN 59 iklomItr dUr) tWfw nW dy iek hor ngr ivc vI ruky (ieh rwmpur vwly tWfy qoN vKrw hY qy &Yzwbwd izlHw ivc hY)[ aus vyly ieQy koeI ngr nhIN sI Aqy ieh dirAw dw p`qn sI ij`Qy vpwrIAW dI mMfI ligAw krdI sI[ hOlI-hOlI ie`Qy AbwdI vsxI SurU ho geI qy ieh Sihr vsxw SurU ho igAw[ ie`Qy kdy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „mMjI swihb‟ sI; hux auh mOjUd nhIN hY[
inzwmwbwd
tWfw ivc kuJ idn rihx mgroN gurU swihb pRXwg v`l cl pey[ tWfw qoN 80 iklomItr dUr rsqy ivc Awp ny inzwmwbwd ivc pVwA kIqw[ ieh ngr qmsw ndI dy kMFy „qy v`isAw hoieAw hY[ inzwmwbwd ivc Akbr dy vyly dw iek purwxw iklHw vI hY[ iksy vyly inzwmwbwd ivc iqMn gurduAwry huMdy sn: „gurduAwrw bVI sMgq‟, „gurduAwrw CotI sMgq‟ Aqy „Akwl buMgw‟[ ies gurduAwry dI bhuq swrI zmIn vI qy XU.pI. srkwr ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[
ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb ny qmsw ndI dy kMFy „qy lokW nUM s`cy Drm dI isiKAw id`qI sI[ ies jgh „qy ^UbsUrq gurduAwrw „CotI sMgq‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies jgh gurU Amr dws jI dy bMs ivcoN ikRpwl dws B`lw nW dw iek S^s keI swl irhw sI[ aus dw pu`qr swDU isMG Aqy aus dw pu`qr sumyr isMG (jo mgroN ptnw swihb gRMQI bx ky vI irhw sI) bhuq smW eyQy hI rhy sn[ sumyr isMG dI qW mOq vI eyQy hI hoeI sI[ sumyr isMG B`lw dI dosqI ptnw swihb dy gRMQI su`Kw isMG inrmlw Aqy aus dy swQIAW nwl bhuq sI[ ies kr ky auh inrmlw swDUAW dw cylw bx igAw sI[ ies ny ptnw Aqy inzwmwbwd ivc rih ky su`Kw isMG qy aus dy inrmly swQIAW dIrcnw „bicqr nwtk‟(ijs nUM kuJ swlW qoN kuJ lok „dsmgRMQ‟ vI kihx lgpey hn) dy bhuq swryauqwry vI krvwey sn, ijnHW ivcoN kuJie`Qy mOjUd hn[ ies qoN ielwvw gurU gRMQswihb dy kuJ h`Q ilKq srUp vI ie`Qy mOjUd hn; ieh swrIAW KwrI bIV dy auqwry hn Aqy ienHW dw smW aunIvIN sdI dw hY[[
(inzwmwbwd AwzmgVH izlHy ivc hY qy AwzmgVH qoN 25 iklomItr dUr Aqy rwxI kI srwey (rylvy jMkSn) qoN 8 iklomItr dUr hY)[ inzwmwbwd dy nyVy imQhwsk ihMdU irSI durbwsw Aqy d`qw qrY dy mMdr vI mOjUd hn[
pRXwg/Alwhwbwd
inzwmwbwd ivc keI idn rihx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb pRXwg (ies ƒ hux Alwhbwd AwiKAw jWdw hY) vl cl pey[ ies s&r 161 iklomItr hY[ pRXwg jWidAW gurU swihb rwh ivc JUsI ngr ivc ruky[bnwrs qoN pihlW Awp kuJ smW JUsI ngr ivc Tihry (JUsI ngr ivc kdy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek „mMjI swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw sI)[ eyQy vI Awp ny lokW ƒ rUhwnIAq dw Aqy cMgy ienswn bxn dw sbk idqw[ JUsI qoN Awp pRXwg pu`jy[ Awp pRXwg ivc dsbMr 1508 ivc pu`jy sn[ pRXwg ivc, mgroN, nONvyN qy dsvyN nwnk vI gey sn[ pRXwg (Alwhwbwd) ivc AhIAwpur muh`ly ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw sI, ijs nUM inrmilAW ny „qp AsQwn‟ dw nW dy id`qw sI (hwlW ik is`K &ls&y ivc AKoqI „qp‟ nUM r`d kIqw hoieAw hY)[ pr hux ies „qy isr& gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dw nW hI iliKAw hoieAw hY Aqy sMgqW Aqy gurduAwrw kmytI nUM ieh vI nhIN pqw ik gurU nwnk jI vI eyQy Awey sn (hwlW ik purwxIAW swrIAW ilKqW ivc ieh imldw hY)[ ies gurduAwry „qy inrmly swDUAW dw kbzw hY; ieh auhI swDU hY ijhVw Cqr Julvw ky 2013 dy kuMB dy myly ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[
kwSI/bnwrs/vwrwnsI
pRXwg qoN gurU swihb bnwrs v`l gey (bnwrs ƒ Aj klH vwrwnsI AwKdy hn)[ ieh s&r qkrIbn 125 iklomItr hY[ bnwrs ƒ audoN “kwSI” vI AwKdy sn[
vwrwnsI ivc sB qoN muK mMdr ivSvnwQ mMdr (imQhwsk dyvqy iSv dy nW ‟qy) hY; ies nUM 13vIN sdI ivc muhMmd gOrI ny Fwh id`qw sI; ies dI mOjUdw iemwrq bhuq mgroN bxI sI[ bRwhmx qy fogry vzIrW dy kihx „qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies mMdr vwsqy 36 l`K rupY dw sonw id`qw sI (jo drbwr swihb „qy l`gy sony qoN keI guxw vD sI); mgroN aus ivcoN bhuqw sonw hOlI-hOlI pujwrIAW ny auqwr ky hVp kr ilAw sI [
19 &rvrI 1509 dy idn gurU nwnk swihb bnwrs ivc sn[ bnwrs ivc ijs jgh gurU swihb ny pVwA kIqw sI aus ielwky ƒ „km`Cw‟ AwKdy hn[ ieh jgh bnwrs rylvy stySn qoN fyF iklomItr dUr hY[ eyQy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc bhuq v`fw „gurduAwrw gurU dw bwg‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[
bnwrs ivc gurU jI keI idn rhy[ ie`Qy pWifAW (bRwhmxW) ny gurU swihb nwl keI vwr bihs kIqI[ iek vwr jdoN aunHW ny AwpxI ikqwbI vwk&I (igAwn) dw idKwvw kIqw qW gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ smJwieAw ik „ikqwbI ielm rsqw hY,A^Ir nhIN[ jy ikqwbW pVn mgroN Aml nw kIqw jwey qW auh swrw ielm &zUl hY[‟
ie`Qy bnwrs ivc hI gurU swihb dI iek bVy pVyH-ilKy pWfy cqur dws nwl glbwq hoeI[ pWfw AwKx lgw, “gurU swihb nw quhwfy kol qulsI mwlw hY, nw quhwfy m`Qy qy cMdn dw it`kw l`gw hY, nw swlgrwm (p`Qr dI mUrqI) hY, iPr qusIN kwhdy Bgq ho?” gurU swihb ny cqur dws ƒ smJwieAw ik “idKwvy qy krm kWf dw nW BgqI nhIN hY[ mwlw, it`kw qy swlgrwm qW idKwvw hn qy ieh bgly pMCI vwlw kMm hY[” ies mOky ‟qy gurU swihb ny iek Sbd gWivAw:
swlgRwm ibp pUij mnwvhu suik®qu qulsI mwlw] rwm nwmu jip byVw bWDhu dieAw krhu dieAwlw] kwhy klrw isMchu jnmu gvwvhu] kwcI Fhig idvwl kwhy gcu lwvhu] kr hirht mwl itMf provhu iqsu BIqir mnu jovhu] AMimRqu isMchu Brhu ikAwry qau mwlI ky hovhu] kwmu k®oDu duie krhu bsoly gofhu DrqI BweI] ijau gofhu iqau qum@ suK pwvhu ikrqu n myitAw jweI] bguly qy Puin hMsulw hovY jy qU krih dieAwlw] pRxviq nwnku dwsin dwsw dieAw krhu dieAwlw] (ieh Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 1171 ‟qy drj hY)[
bnwrs ivc keI pMfq gurU nwnk swihb dy is`K bx gey[ iek vwr Awp ƒ iek pMfq ny pu`iCAw “gurU swihb swfy AMdr igAwn dw hMkwr vI hY jo imtdw nhIN[” gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ d`isAw ik ies dw kwrn ieh hY ik qusIN ividAw hwisl krdy ho ivcwrdy (ijaUNdy) nhIN[” gurU nwnk swihb ny lokW ƒ smJwieAw ik „igAwn‟ hwisl krn qoN vD zrUrI „krm‟ (Aml krnw) hY[
bnwrs ivc hI gurU jI ny pWifAW vloN pwey „sUqk‟ (Apiv`qrqw) dy Brm ƒ qoiVAw:
jykir sUqku mMnIAY sB qY sUqku hoie] gohy AqY lkVI AMdir kIVw hoie] jyqy dwxy AMn ky jIAw bwJu n koie] pihlw pwxI jIau hY ijqu hirAw sBu koie] sUqku ikaukir rKIAY sUqku pvY rsoie] nwnk sUqku eyv n auqrY igAwnu auqwry Doie]mn kw sUqku loBu hY ijhvw sUqku kUVu] AKI sUqku vyKxw pr iqRA pr Dn rUpu] kMnI sUqku kMin pY lwieqbwrI Kwih] nwnk hMsw AwdmI bDy jmpuir jwih] sBo sUqku Brmu hY dUjY lgY jwie] jMmxu mrxw hukmu hY BwxY AwvY jwie] Kwxw pIxw pivqRü hY idqonu irjku sMbwih] nwnk ijn@I gurmuiK buiJAw iqn@w sUqku nwih] ieh Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb ivc s&w 472 ‟qy drj hY)[
bnwrs ivc gurU nwnk swihb Bgq kbIr (mOjUdw bnwrs ivc lihr qwrw ielwky ivc) dy Gr vI gey[ (kbIr jI dI mOq mghr ipMf ivc hoeI sI) kbIr jI dy jnm AsQwn vwlI jgh „qy iek bhuq v`fw mMdr bixAw hoieAw hY jo aunHW dI
Xwdgwr dI jgh ies iemwrq nUM bxwaux vwly swDU dI Xwdgwr vDyry jwpdI hY)[ iek rwq Bgq kbIr dy Gr rihx mgroN gurU swihb, BweI mrdwnw qy Bgq
kbIr jI iek`Ty bwbw rivdws dy ipMf (sIr govrDn) vI gey[ ies mOky ‟qy bwbw rivdws Aqy Bgq kbIr ny gurU nwnk swihb ƒ Awpxw ausqwd Dwrn kIqw[ ies vyly bwbw rivdws dI aumr 90-95 swl, Bgq kbIr dI 55 ku swl qy gurU nwnk swihb dI 40 swl sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny Bgq rivdws ƒ “bwbw rivdws” dI pdvI idqI[ is`KW ivc „bwbw‟ kih ky siqkwry jwx dw mwx gurU nwnk swihb qoN ielwvw pihlW Bgq rivdws ƒ qy iPr bwbw bu`Fw ƒ imilAw sI[ bnwrs qoN jwx qoN pihlW Bgq kbIr jI qy Bgq rivdws jI dI Bgq bwxI guru swihb ny AwpxI poQI „c drj kIqI[
hux rivdws jI dy jnm AsQwn vwlI jgh „qy jlMDr dy nyVy dy ipMf b`lW dy fyry vwilAW dw kbzw hY qy aunHW ny ie`QoN gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp htw ky iek nvIN ikqwb r`K id`qI hY ijs kwrn hux ie`Qy is`K jwxoN ht gey hn Aqy ie`Qy bhuq smW aujwV hI rihMdw hY[
cMdOlI
bnwrs qoN tur ky gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ny pihlw pVwA cMdOlI ksby ivc kIqw[ cMdOlI bnwrs qoN 40 iklomItr (Aqy muZl srwey qoN 25 iklomItr) dUr hY[ iksy zmwny ivc ieh Sihr bVI v`fI irAwsq dI rwjDwnI sI[ Aj vI auQy AwlISwn eImwrqW dy Qyh nzr AwauNdy hn[ cMdOlI ivc sYNkVy lok gurU swihb dy drSn krn Awey[ aunHW ivc cMdOlI dw rwjw hir nwQ vI sI[ rwjw hir nwQ ny gurU swihb dI sMgq kIqI qy aunHW qoN s`cy Drm dI isiKAw leI[ aus ny gurU swihb qoN is`KI dw dwn mMigAw[ rwjy ny ^wihS zwihr kIqI ik auh rwj g`dI C`f ky gurU swihb dy nwl jwxw cwhuMdw hY[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ disAw ik is`K Drm “rwj ivc jog, qy jog ivc rwj” isKwauNdw hY[ ieh mIrI-pIrI dw &ls&w hY[ rwjw hkUmq kridAW vI jogI bx skdw hY[ lokW dI izMdgI byhqr bxwaux vwlw rwjw jogI hI huMdw hY[ Aijhy rwjy ƒ hI lok ipAwr dyNdy hn Aqy vyKidAW hI SrDw nwl isr JukWauNdy hn[ aunHW AwiKAw ik auh kwhdw sulqwn (rwjw) hY jo “slwm ivhUxw” (ijs ƒ lok iezq nw dyx) huMdw hY[ ies sbMDI iek Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb qy s&w 354 ‟qy imldw hY:
duD ibnu Dynu, pMK ibnu pMKI, jl ibnu auqBuj kwim nwhI] ikAw sulqwnu slwm ivhUxw, AMDI koTI qyrw nwmu nwhI]
cMdOlI ivc kdy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; hux nw qW rwjy dy mhl Aqy iklHy dIAW inSwnIAW bcIAW hn Aqy nw hI koeI gurduAwrw mOjUd hY[
gXw : „ipMf Brn‟ ƒ r`d krnw
cMdOlI qoN cl ky gurU swihb kuJ icr (90 iklomItr dUr) swswrwm ngr ivc ivc ruky qy Pyr (134 iklomItr dUr) gXw vl cly gey[
gXw iksy vyly boDIAW dw iek bVw v`fw sYNtr sI; Aj-klH aus nUM bOD gXw kihMdy hn jo gXw qoN 13 iklomItr dUr hY[ pihlW qW ihMdUAW ny boDIAW ƒ bOD gXw ngr qoN k`F ky eyQy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI, pr iPr boDIAW ny AwpxI jgh vwips lY leI sI[ vkq bIqx dy nwl ihMdUAW ny gXw ivc Awpxy mMdr bxw ley[ ihMdUAW ny, boDIAW vWg, ip`pl dy drKq dI pUjw vI SurU kr idqI[ pihloN ihMdU ip`pl dI pUjw nhIN krdy sI[ boDI ip`pl dI pUjw ies kr ky krdy sI ikauNik buD ƒ igAwn iek ip`pl hyTW bYiTAW hI hwisl hoieAw sI[ kuJ ihMdU lyKkW ny boDIAW ƒ ip`pl qoN htwaux vwsqy ieh vI prcwirAw ik buD ƒ igAwn iek ip`pl nhIN bohV dy hyTW imilAw sI[ boDIAW dy zvwl (inGwr) mgroN hOlI-hOlI ihMdUAW ny Awpxy ip`qrW dy ipMf krvwaux vwsqy, gXw vI jwxw SurU kr idqw[
gurU swihb pihlI ivswK dy idn, 27 mwrc 1509 nUM gXw pu`jy sn[ gXw jw ky gurU swihb PlgU dirAw dy kMFy ‟qy ruky[ jdoN Awp auQy dyaU Gwt „qy bYTy sn qW kuJ pWfy Awp kol Awey Aqy gurU swihb ƒ AwKx lgy ik qusIN vI Awpxy ip`qrW dI mukqI krvw lvo[ gurU swihb ny pWifAW ƒ disAw ik ip`qrW dy „ipMf Brvwaux‟ jW dIvy jgwaux dw krm kWf bymwAnw hYy[ ienswn vwsqy qW r`b dw nW hI dIvw (igAwn) hY Aqy aus dw nW jpxw (aus igAwn nUM Aml ivc ilAwauxw) hI ipMf Brvwauxw hY[ ieM\ gurU swihb ny pWifAW dy mnW dw hnyrw dUr kIqw[ isAwxy pWfy
gurU swihb dy is`K bx gey qy aunHW ipMf Brn/Brvwaux dw pwKMf vI bMd kr idqw[ gXw ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc “gurduAwrw dyau Gwt” bixAw hoieAw sI[ ies gurduAwry dI pihlI eImwrq audwsI prcwrk bwbw Almsq ny bxweI sI; ies kr ky ies gurduAwry ‟qy audwsIAW dw kbzw irhw sI[ mgroN aunHW ny gurduAwrw bMd kr id`qw qy irhwieS bxw leI[ hux auh eImwrq F`T rhI hY[ ies Sihr ivc lokl is`KW ny iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY[
(not: bnwrs qoN gXw (swswrwm rwhIN) 262 iklomItr dUr hY Aqy cMdOlI qoN 220 iklomItr dUr hY[ gXw qoN ptnw 105 iklomItr qy nwlMdw 82 iklomItr dUr hY)[
ptnw qy hwjIpur
gurU swihb kuJ idn gXw rhy Aqy iPr (105 iklomItr dUr) ptnw/hwjIpr vl cl pey[rsqy ivc Awp ny nwlMdw XUnIvristI dy Qyh vI vyKy[ gurU swihb dy zmwny ivc A`j dw ptnw Sihr nhIN huMdw sI[ ieQy hwjIpur ngr huMdw sI[ hwjIpur gMgw dirAw dy iek pwsy Aqy pwtlIpuqr dirAw dy dUjy pwsy sI[ pwtlIpuqr cMdrgupq morIAw dy zmwny ivc bVw v`fw Sihr sI[ pr jdoN gurU swihb au~Qy pu`jy qW isrP Qyh Aqy KMfr hI rih gey sn[ gurU swihb vyly hwjIpur vI iek v`fw ipMf hI sI[ mgroN Syr Swh sUr ny (jd auh ibhwr dw sUbydwr sI) ies ƒ Awbwd kIqw sI[
A^Ir sqwrvIN sdI ivc ieh kw&I PYl igAw qy ATHwrvIN sdI ivc bhuq v`fw Sihr bx igAw[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb vyly ptnw cMgw v`fw ksbw bx cukw sI[
hwjIpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb ijQy Tihry sI, au~Qy „gurduAwrw gwey Gwt‟ bixAw hoieAw hY jo dirAw qoN bhuqI dUr nhIN hY[ Aj klH ies swry ielwky ƒ „gulzwr bwZ‟ vI kihMdy hn[
hwjIpur (ptnw) ivc iek AmIr bMdy swls rwey jOhrI ny gurU swihb ny Awpxy Gr Kwxy ‟qy bulwieAw[ Kwxy mgroN aus ny gurU swihb ƒ kuJ rkm vI ByNt kIqI[ gurU swihb ny pYsy lYx qoN nWh kr idqI qy ikhw ik PkIr Awpxy nwl pYsw bMnH ky nhIN iljWdy[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ ieh vI disAw ik AwdmI dOlq kr ky v`fw nhIN huMdw, blik rUhwnI ielm hwisl kr ky sicAwr dI izMdgI jIx nwl v`fw huMdw hY[
„nwm‟ vwly kol jo ^zwnw hY, auh rupeIAW dy ^zwny qoN ikqy v`fw hY[ swils rwey jOhrI nUM AwpxI dOlq dw mwx JUTw jwpx lg ipAw[ aus ny gurU jI A`gy isr JukwieAw Aqy gurU swihb qoN „is`KI dy dwn‟ dI mMg kIqI[ iek lyKk muqwibk gurU swihb ny swls rwey jOhrI ƒ AwpxI dsqwr vI Byt kIqI sI pr ieh g`l shI nhIN hY; hW swls rwie gurU nwnk swihb dI isiKAw dw prcwr zrUr krdw irhw sI[
rwjgIr/ rwjigRh
hwjIpur /ptnw qoN cl ky, gurU nwnk swihb qy BweI mrdwnw prwcIn ngrW rwj igRh (hux ies nUM rwj gIr kihMdy hn) Aqy muMgyr vI gey[ rwjgIr mgD/mOrIAw rwj dI pihlI rwjDwnI sI (mgroN Ajwq CqrU ny pwtlIpuqr/ptnw nUM rwjDwnI bxw ilAw sI)[ eyQy rwijAW dy mihl hox kr ky ies dw nW rwj gRih bx igAw sI[ hux ieh iek in`kw ijhw ksbw hY pr ieQy bhuq swrIAW pRwcIn QWvW mOjUd hn[ rwjgIr ivc ihMdUAW dw „qpobn qIrQ‟ hY ij`Qy iek grm pwxI dw cSmw „bRhm kuMf‟ vI hY ijs ivc Aj-klH muslmwnW Aqy eIsweIAW dy jwx dI mnwhI kIqI hoeI hY[ gurU nwnk swihb ny ies kuMf dy nyVy bYT ky lokW nUM s`c Drm dw rsqw d`isAw sI[
rwj gIr ivc is`KW nwl sbMDq do jgh hn: iek bRhm kuMf dy nyVy jo inrmilAW ny bxweI hoeI hY (pr auQy qwlw l`gw rihMdw hY) Aqy ies qoN do kU sO mItr dUr iek lokl gurduAwrw vI bixAw hoieAw hY jo iek rItweIrf &OjI ny bxwieAw hY[
rwjgIr ivc ibMbswr rwjy dw iklHw, Ajwq CqrU rwjy dI jylH (ijs ivc aus ny Awpxy ipqw ibMbswr nUM kYd r`iKAw sI) qy boDIAW dw pRwcIn m`T, ipplI kwvw, vlcrz cotI vZYrw vyKx vwlIAW QwvW hn[ (rwjgIr ptnw qoN 93 iklomItr dUr hY)[
muMGyr
rwjigr qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (139 iklomItr dUr) muMGyr ngr gey[ ies ngr ivc mgroN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI gey sn[ ie`Qy kdy gurduAwrw „p`kI sMgq‟ bixAw huMdw sI[ 1877 dy BUcwl nwl ies dI eImwrq ifg peI sI[ Agly swl bwvw rwm audwsI ny ieQy iek nvIN eImwrq bxweI[ hux BwvyN ieQy gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS qW hY pr ie`Qy koeI is`K nhIN rihMdw[ ieQy nwl hI iek mMdr hY qy aus ivc rihx vwly pujwrI gurduAwry dw drvwzw KolH dyNdy hn qy koeI nw koeI is`K XwqrU Aw jWdw hY Aqy m`Qw tyk jWdw hY[ ies iemwrq ivc ihMdU mUrqIAW qy qvsIrW dI Brmwr hY; koeI mirAwdw qy syvw sMBwl nhIN hY[
kTmMfU (nYpwl) Aqy cuMgQMg (iskm):
gurU nwnk swihb ny bMgwl, Aswm, iqbq, nYpwl, iskm dy ielwky ivc keI ielwikAW dw s&r kIqw sI[ jwpdw hY ik Awp muMGyr qoN kTmMfU (465 iklomItr) gey hoxgy[ nYpwl nOvIN sdI ivc hI iek Awzwd mulk bx cukw sI[ kTmMfU ivc gurU jI ApRYl-meI 1509 ivc gey sn[ ie`Qy Awp dy Awaux dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ kTmMfU qoN gurU nwnk swihb iskm gey sn[ iskm ivc cuMgQMg ivc Awp dI Xwd ivc hux iek v`fw gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw hY[ (kTmMfU qoN cuMgQMg is`Dw 731 iklomItr hY; cuMgQMg jwx vwsqy kTmMfU qoN islIguVI 580 qy islIguVI qoN cuMgQMg 165 iklomItr hY)[ gurU nwnk swihb cuMgQMg qoN kwmrUp qy Aswm dy ielwky vl cl pey[
guhwtI (Aswm)
cuMgQMg qoN cl ky gurU swihb guhwtI pu`jy[ Awp 23 AkqUbr 1509 dy idn guhwtI ivc sn[ pihlW ies ngr dw nW jXoiqspur sI[ jdoN gurU swihb au~Qy gey qW auh ielwkw jwdUgrW dy ielwky vjoN mShUr sI[ ieh lok AwpxIAW murwdW pUrIAW krvwaux vwsqy, dyvI dy mMdr ivc, ienswnW dI blI vI idAw krdy sn[ aunHW dI muKI nUrSwh sI, jo jwdUgrnI vjoN jwxI jWdI sI[ jdoN gurU swihb au~Qy pu`jy qW kwmrUp dIAW jwdUgr AOrqW ny, Awpxy AKOqI kwly ielm (AKOqI qWqirk qwkq) dy frwvy dy ky gurU swihb ƒ Awpxy vs ivc ilAwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ jdoN aunHW dw zor nw cilAw qW aunHW BweI mrdwnw ƒ Pswaux dI koiSS kIqI[ jdoN aunHW dw zor BweI mrdwny ‟qy vI nw cilAw qW aunHW ny nwc, gwxy qy rMg qmwSy dw Kyl SurU kIqw[ aunHW dIAW kwmuk hrkqW vI gurU swihb Aqy mhwn rbwbI BweI mrdwnw qy Asr nw kr skIAW[ ies mgroN jwdUgrnIAW ny sonw, hIry qy hor kImqI cIzW dy Fyr lw idqy qy gurU swihb ƒ AwiKAw ik ieh swrI dOlq lY ky isr& eynw ds idE ik ikhVy jwdU dI qwkq nwl qusIN swfI kwmrUp dIAW jwdUgrnIAW dI qwkq byAsr kr idqI hY[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ disAw ik r`b dy nW (rUhwnIAq) dI qwkq dunIAW dI hr qwkq qoN aupr hY[ iehI ie`ko-ie`k jwdU qy qWqirk ielm hY[ dunIAW ivc koeI AKOqI qWqirk ielm nhIN huMdw[ (gurU swihb dI ies PyrI bwry iksy g`pW ilKx lyKk ny ieh ilK idqw ik jwdUgrnIAW ny BweI mrdwnw nUM ByfU bxw ilAw[„ByfU bxwauxw‟ iek muhwvrw hY, Xwin iksy „qy kbzw kr lYxw[ ie`Qy vI BweI mrdwny nUM kYd kIqw d`s ky „ByfU bxwaux‟ dI g`p ilK id`qI geI sI)[ guhwtI ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc koeI qvwrI^I gurduAwrw nhIN hY[
DubVI
guhwtI qoN gurU nwnk swihb DubVI (kwmrUp irAwsq) gey sn[ hux ies swry ielwky ƒ Awswm AwKdy hn qy kwmrUp ies dw iek izlHw hY[ kwmrUp ivc gurU swihb dw muK pVwA ipMf DubVI sI[ Aj DubVI, izlw goAwlpurw dw iek v`fw Sihr hY[DubVI iqMn pwisAW qoN dirAw nwl iGirAw hoieAw hY[ bRhmpuqr qy gfwDr dirAw ies ngr dy duAwly vgdy hn[
DubVI ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry dI pihlI iemwrq gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny 1669-70 ivc bxweI sI[ ies dI auswrI vwsqy rwjpUq Aqy mugl ispwhIAW ny AwpxIAW FwlW ivc im`tI ilAw ky iek it`lw bxwieAw sI qy ies it`ly au~qy gurduAwry dI pihlI iemwrq bxweI geI sI[ hux ies eImwrq dy auqy iek nvI eImwrq auswr id`qI geI hY[ auh ip`pl ijs hyT gurU jI bYTy sn ^qm ho cukw hY qy aus dIAW SwKwvW coN nvW dr^q augwieAw jw irhw hY[ ie`Qy fyF do sO swl purwxI iek hQ ilKq bIV vI peI hY ijhVI iksy KwrI bIV dI nkl hY[ ies ivc keI vrky mgroN icpkwey hoey hn ijnHW „qy koeI nMbr nhIN hY[
ie`Qy vI bhuq mnGVq qy krwmqI khwxIAW pRclq hn ijnHW ivc gurU jI auqy iek Dobx v`loN aunHW „qy iek is`l su`tx dI khwxI vI hY[ ies khwxI muqwibk Dobx dI su`tI is`L gurU jI qk nw puj skI qy zmIn ivc Ds geI[ ieh is`l drAsl keI hzwr swl purwxI zmIn ivc bhuq fUMGI g`fI hoeI hY[ ho skdw iksy hor gRih dw totw (aulkw ipMf) if`gw hovy jo DrqI „c Ds igAw hovy)
{DubVI jwx vwsqy islIguVI, jlpweyguVI, kUc ibhwr qy qU&wn gMj ho ky jwxw pYNdw hY[ islIguVI qk sVk bhuq vDIAw hY pr A`goN jlpweyguVI dy dohIN pwsIN bhuq Krwb hY[ ie`Qo iek syvOk rof (AYn.AYc. 31) dw rsqw bhuq vDIAw hY jo ies ielwky dI sB qoN vDIAw sVk hY[islIguVI qoN DubVI (brsqw jlpweyguVI, kUc ibhwr, qU&wngMj) 220 iklomItr hY}[
mwldw
DubVI qoN gurU nwnk swihb mwldw vl cl pey[ rsqy ivc Awp rMgpur (130 iklomItr) Tihry[ rMgpur hux ieh ngr bMglwdyS dI h`d ivc hY; hux ie`Qy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw jW Xwdgwr nhIN hY[ ie`QoN Awp (175 iklomItr dUr) mwldw pu`jy[
A`j mwldw iek v`fw Sihr hY[ mwldw ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurUAwrw „crn pwdukw‟ swihb bixAw hoieAw hY jo ik purwxy Sihr ivc kw&I AMdr jw ky hY (rsqw qMg hox kr ky Aksr trYi&k dw mslw bx jWdw hY)[ ies gurduAwry ivc iek purwxw KUh hY[ ies qoN ielwvw ie`Qy iek purwxI gwgr Aqy ctwn dI is`l vI r`KI hoeI hY ijs bwry dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik gurU jI nwl vgdI ndI ivcoN ies gwgr ivc pwxI Br ky ies isl „qy bYT ky ieSnwn krdy huMdy sn[
mwldw dI muK sVk (nYSnl hweIvyA) „qy inhMgW ny iek bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY ijs ivc irhwieS dw vI ieMqzwm hY[ (mwldw mShUr Sihr ieMgilS bwzwr qoN isr& 4 iklomItr dUr hY[ ieQoN kolkwqw 325 iklomItr dUr hY[ muMGyr qoN mwldw 300 iklomItr hY)[
Fwkw:
gurU nwnk swihb mwldw qoN Fwkw (382 iklomItr) vl cl pey[ Fwkw dw rsqw swihbgMj, mwldw Aqy rwjwSwhI v`lON ho ky jWdw sI (hux bMglw dyS bx jwx kwrn sVk dw rsqw bMd hY)[
Fwkw, Aj klH bMglw dyS dI rwjDwnI hY[ gurU swihb dy vyly Fwkw ivc iek in`kw ijhw ksbw sI[ ieh Sihr CyvyN pwiqSwh vyly vDyry PYilAw Aqy iek v`fw Sihr bx igAw[ ie`Qy Fwk (ijnHW dw kwZz bxdw hY) dy bhuq dr^q huMdy hn; Swied ies kr ky ies dw nW Fwkw bx igAw hovygw[ iksy zmwny ivc ies QW qy „FkySvrI dw mMdr‟ sI[ Fwky dw nW Swied ies dyvI dy nW kr ky bixAw ho skdw hY[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik koeI bynwm mMdr, Fwkw ngr dy nW kwrn, FkySvrI dyvI dw mMdr bx igAw hovy[ Fwkw ivc gurU swihb Ajoky ryAr bwzwr ivc Tihry sn[
audoN ies ielwky ivc GuimAwrW dy bhuq swry Gr sn[ Fwkw ivc gurU swihb ny bhuq swry bMgwlIAW ƒ is`KI dw igAwn id`qw[ ryAr bwzwr ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk SwhI‟ (Fwkw XUnIvristI dy nyVy) bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihlW ies ngr ivc ies qoN ibnW iek hor gurduAwrw vI sI; hux isr& ie`ko gurduAwrw bicAw hY[
klk`qw (kolkwqw):
Fwkw qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb ny (333 iklomItr dUr), huglI dirAw dy kMFy „qy, A`j dy klk`qw Sihr ivc pVwA kIqw[ (ies dw nW 2001 ivc „kolkwqw‟ kr id`qw igAw sI)[ audoN ie`Qy iek in`kw ijhw ipMf kwlIkwqw huMdw sI; goibMdpur qy suqwnuqI ies dy nwl juVy hoey ipMf sn[ (1698 ivc jd AMgryzW ny ies „qy kbzw kIqw qW aunHW ies nUM iek bMdrgwh vjoN vswauxw SurU kr id`qw[ 1712 ivc aunHW ny &ort ivlIAm iklHw auswirAw qy hOlI hOlI iueh Sihr &Yldw igAw)[
gurU nwnk swihb 2 jnvrI 1510 dy idn kolkwqw ivc pu`jy sn qy kuJ idn ies jgh ibqwey Aqy s`cy Drm dw pRcwr kIqw[ Awp dI Xwd ivc huglI dirAw „qy bxy hwvVw ibRj dy nyVy hI AYm.jI.rof (bVw bwzwr) ivc „gurduAwrw bVw is`K sMgq‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[
Bdrk Aqy jjpur
kolkwqw qoN gurU nwnk swihb ktk Aqy purI (auVIsw, hux EfISw) vl cl pey[ auVIsw ivc gurU swihb dw pihlw pVwA Bdrk (kolkwqw qoN ktk v`l 316 iklomItr dUr Aqy ktk qoN 106 iklomItr pihlW) sI[ Bdrk ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies mgroN gurU jI jjpur (Bdrk qoN ktk v`l 32 iklomItr dUr) ruky[ jjpur ivc vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies ielwky ivc trWsport Aqy vpwr nwl sbMDq bhuq is`K prvwr vsy hoey hn[
ktk
jjpur qoN gurU nwnk swihb (61 iklomItr dUr) ktk pu`jy (audoN ktk iek in`kw ijhw ksbw sI; hux ieh EfISw sUby dI rwjDwnI hY)[ ie`Qy ktk dw rwjw, pRqwp rudr dyv, gurU nwnk swihb nUM imilAw sI[ aus ny kuJ smW gurU jI dI sMgq kIqI qy aunHW dw is`K bx igAw[ gurU jI aus kol kuJ idn rhy sn qy lokW nwl Drm crcw krdy rhy sn[ ktk ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc mhwndI dirAw dy kMFy, ikSqI Gwt ‟qy, iek gurduAwrw „dwqn swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies ƒ kuJ mukwmI lok „kwlIbodw gurduAwrw‟ vI AwKdy sn[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb ny dwqn kr ky zmIn ivc g`f id`qw sI qy auQy iek dr^q aug ipAw sI[ gurduAwry dy ip`Cly pwsy, ndI dy kMFy, iek purwxw dr^q mOjUd hY, ijs nUM gurU jI dy nW nwl joiVAw jWdw hY[ hux iek twhxI gurduAwry dy mUhry lw ky iek nvW dr^q augwieAw igAw hY[ (ies jgh rihx vwsqy ^ubsUrq ieMqzwm hY[ aufIsw gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw muK d&qr vI ieQy hI hY)[
purI (jgn nwQ purI): s`cI AwrqI bwry crcw
jdoN gurU nwnk swihb ktk p`ujy qW aunHW ƒ GroN tuirAW FweI iqMn swl ho cuky sn[ ktk qoN gurU swihb purI ngr dy jgn nwQ mMdr vl cl pey[ aunHIN idnIN ivSƒ dw iek pujwrI cYqMinAw vI aus ielwky ivc GuMm irhw sI[ ieh vI pqw cldw hY ik cYqMinAw ny vI gurU nwnk swihb dy drSn kIqy sn[ gurU swihb 7 jUn 1510 dy idn purI ivc mOjUd sn[
purI dy bwhrvwr iek pWfw rihMdw sI[ auh bhuq piVHAw-iliKAw Aqy cusq sI[ auh bhuq qyz qbIAq dw mwilk vI sI[ lok aus qoN Aksr firAw krdy sI[ aus dI A`l „klXug‟ kr ky mShUr sI[ jdoN klXug ny lokW qoN gurU nwnk swihb dI mihmw suxI qW aus ƒ bVI iKJ AweI[ pihlW qW aus ny rsqy ivc hI gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ƒ frwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr auh kwmXwb nw ho sikAw[
klXug ny ieh pwKMf rcwieAw hoieAw sI ik jd auh A`KW bMd krdw hY qW aus ƒ qYRlokI (Asmwn, dunIAW qy pwqwl) dy drSn ho jWdy hn[ lok aus ƒ v`fI hsqI smJ ky aus dy pwqr (TUTy) ivc pYsy (dwn vjoN) pw dyNdy sn[ iek vwr jd aus ny A`KW bMd kIqIAW qW mrdwny ny aus dw TUTw cu`k ky aus dy ip`Cy rK idqw[ jd aus ny A`KW KolHIAW qW TUTw auQy nw vyK ky ieDr auDr Jwkx lg ipAw[ ies qy gurU swihb ny aus ƒ ikhw ik „qYƒ TUTw qW idsdw nhIN qUµ iqMn lok ikvyN vyK skdw hYN?‟ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ smJwieAw ik pKMf krn dI jgh r`b dI s`cI BgqI krnI cwhIdI hY[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ disAw ik „r`b dw s`cw igAwn hwisl krnw hI qRYlokI ƒ vyKxw hY[„
pWfy klXug ny gurU swihb dI isiKAw sux ky isr JukwieAw Aqy is`KI Dwrn kIqI (aus dy vwirs Aj vI Awpxy GrW ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI AwrqI pVHdy hn)[ gurU swihb eyQoN cl ky jgn nwQ dy mMdr phuMcy[ purI iksy zmwny ivc boDIAW dw iek bVw v`fw sYNtr sI, Aqy Ajokw mMdr pihloN boDIAW dw m`T sI[ jdoN auVIsw ‟qy sUrj-bMsI gMgw rwijAW dI hkUmq kwiem hoeI, qW aunHW idnW ivc ivSnUM dy pujwrIAW ny ies boDI mMdr ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw Aqy ies ƒ ivSƒ mMdr bxw ilAw[ 1510 ivc cYqMinAw eyQy AwieAw qy aus ny ies ƒ vYSnUAW dw iek v`fw sYNtr bxwieAw[
jdoN gurU nwnk swihb au~Qy p`ujy qW kuJ lok QwlI ivc dIvy jgw ky ivSƒ dI AwrqI „auqwr‟ rhy sn[ (ieh AwrqI Aj dI ihMdU AwrqI „hrI Em jY jgdIS hry…‟ vwlI nhIN sI, joo ik au~nIvIN sdI ivc i&lOr dy SrDw rwm ny ilKI sI)[ gurU nwnk swihb vI aus pwsy vl gey[ gurU swihb aunHW vl vyKdy rhy[ jdoN ihMdU AwrqI qoN ivhly hoey qW aunHW ny gurU swihb ƒ pu`iCAw ik “qusIN AwrqI ivc Swiml ikauN nhIN hoey?” gurU swihb ny jvwb idqw ik “mYN ivSƒ dI nhIN blik isr& vwihgurU dI pUjw krdw hW qy vwihgurU dI pUjw vwsqy ienHW dIivAW dI zrUrq nhIN[” gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik “swrw Awsmwn r`b dI pUjw vwsqy iek QwlI hY Aqy sUrj qy cMn QwlI ivc jgmgWdy hoey dIvy hn[ Awsmwn ivc itmitmwauNdy hoey qwry, pUjw dI QwlI ivc pey hoey hIry-moqI hn[ m`lyA phwVW ivco AwauNdI iBMnI ^uSbU (pUjw dI QwlI dI) DUp hY Aqy vgdI hvw, vwihgurU dI AwrqI vwsqy cOr kr rhI hY[” gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik “vwihgurU dI pYdw kIqI swrI kwienwq, vwihgurU dI AwrqI hI qW kr rhI hY[ vwihgurU ƒ QwlI dy dIivAW dI zrUrq nhIN[ swƒ AwrqI dI bjwie, s`cI izMdgI jIA ky, vwihgurU dw nW jpx dI loV hY[” gurU swihb ny AwrqI dI rsm ƒ ijs Sbd ivc r`d kIqw sI, auh Sbd DnwsrI rwg ivc hY Aqy gurU grMQ swihb dy s&w 663 qy drj hY:
ggn mY Qwlu, riv cMdu dIpk bny, qwirkw mMfl jnk moqI] DUpu mlAwnlo, pvxu cvro kry, sgl bnrwie PUlµq joqI] kYsI AwrqI hoie ! Bv KMfnw qyrI AwrqI] Anhqw sbd vwjMq ByrI] shs qv nYn, nn nYn hih qoih kau, shs mUriq, nnw eyk quohI] shs pd ibml, nn eyk pd, gMD ibnu, shs qv gMD, iev clq mohI] sB mih joiq, joiq hY soie] iqs dY cwnix, sB mih cwnxu hoie] gur swKI, joiq prgtu hoie] jo iqsu BwvY, su AwrqI hoie] hir crx kvl mkrMd loiBq, mno Anidnuo moih AwhI ipAwsw] ik®pw jlu dyih, nwnk swirMg kau, hoie jw qy qyrY nwie vwsw]
(ieh Sbd inqnym dI bwxI „soihlw‟ dw ih`sw vI hY[ keI bysmJ is`K ies ƒ „is`KW dI AwrqI‟ bxw ky pVHdy hn[ gurU swihb ny qW dIivAW vwlI „AwrqI‟ ƒ r`d kIqw sI qy ieh nhIN sI AwiKAw ik „ihMdU AwrqI‟ dI jgh iek „is`K AwrqI‟ bxw leI jwvy[ ihMdU AwrqI dI nkl ‟qy, AwrqI KMfn vwlw Sbd, AwrqI vjoN pVHnw, gurU nwnk swihb dI isiKAw dy mUloN hI ault hY[)
auVIsw dw rwjw pRqwp rudr dyv vI aunHIN idnIN jgn nwQ purI AwieAw hoieAw sI[ auh pihloN vI ktk ivc gurU swihb ƒ iml cukw sI[ rwjw kuJ idn gurU swihb dI sMgq ivc irhw Aqy Pyr vwips ktk clw igAw[ purI ivc gurU nwnk swihb qy cYqMinAw vI keI vwr iek`Ty bYTyy sn Aqy ivcwrW kIqIAW sn[ cYqMinAw ny vI gurU swihb dI Azmq A`gy isr JukwieAw sI[
purI vwsqy ktk qoN BubnySvr (ktk qoN 26 iklomItr) ho ky jwxw pYNdw hY BubnySvr qoN purI 65 iklomItr hY; Xwin kul &wslw 90 iklomItr hY[
pMjwb vwpsI
purI ivc kuJ idn ibqwaux mgroN gurU nwnk swihb pMjwb ƒ vwips cl pey[ vwpsI vwsqy Awp BubnySvr, sMBlpur qy hor keI ipMfW ngrW ivc huMdy hoey qkrIbn 1017 iklomItr dw &wslw qYA kr ky pRXwg, ijs nUM hux Alwhwbwd kihMdy hn, pu`jy[ ie`Qy rukx mgroN Awp ny Aglw pVwA, 200 iklomItr dUr, kwnpur ivc kIqw[ kwnpur ivc is`KW dI AwbwdI bhuq izAwdw hY qy gurduAwry vI bhuq hn, pr gurU nwnk swihb dI qvwrI^I Xwdgwr koeI nhIN[ kwnpur qoN cl ky Awp (160 iklomItr dur) jmnw dirAw dy kMFy ietwvw ivc ruky[ kdy ie`Qy vI Awp dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw huMdw sI[
Awgrw
ietwvw qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb ny 115 iklomItr dUr Awgrw ivc pVwA kIqw[ Awgrw ivc ijs jgh gurU swihb ruky sn, auh jgh nXw bWs, lohw mMfI ielwky ivc hY[ auQy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ pr, ies gurduAwry kol zmIn jW jwiedwd nw hox kr ky iksy swD jW jQy ny ies v`l iDAwn nhIN id`qw; jd ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nwl sbMDq „gurduAwrw gurU dw qwl‟ kol bhuq swrI zmIn hY Aqy bhuq v`fI srW bxI hoeI hY[ ies kr ky bhuq swry lok, ^ws kr ky tr`kW vwly qy vpwrI, auQy hI jWdy hn[ gurU nwnk swihb dy gurduAwry dw syvw sMBwl iek gRMQI Aqy „gurU nwnk siqsMg sBw‟ Aqy byby nwnkI kIrqnI jQw‟ qy kuJ mukwmI is`K hI krdy hn[
ie`Qy vI, keI hor gurduAwirAW vW|, gurU nwnk swihb bwry iek krwmwqI khwxI ilKI hoeI hY ik iek mweI dw ieklOqw b`cw bhuq bImwr sI; bhuq ielwj krvwaux dy bwvjUd auh TIk nhIN sI ho irhw[ gurU nwnk swihb ie`Qy iek bgIcI ivc pIlU dy dr^q hyTW bYTy sn qW auh mweI Awpxy b`cy nUM gurU swihb kol lY AweI qy gurU jI nUM ikhw ik auh ies nUM TIk kr dyx[ gurU jI ny aus nUM ikhw ik aus b`cy nUM nyVy dy poKr (toBy) ivc ieSnwn krvwey[ aus ny ievyN hI kIqw Aq aus dw b`cw nO-br-nO ho igAw[ (AijhIAW krwmwqW lokW ny koloN GV leIAW hoeIAW hn[ ieh gurbwxI dI isiKAw dy ault hn)[ ijs jgh gurU jI bYTy sn auQy A`j inSwn swihb lgwieAw hoieAw hY[
mQurw
Awgrw qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (58 iklomItr dUr) mQurw ivc ruky[ mQrw iksy vyly SUrsyn kOm dy dyS dI rwjDwnI sI[ „mhWBwrq‟ dw nwiek ikRSn ie`QoN dw rwjw sI[ iksy zmwny ivc mQrw nUM „mMdrW dw Sihr‟ AwiKAw jWdw sI[ ieQoN dy v~fy mMdr mihmUd ZznvI ny 1018 ivc Fwh idqy sn[ mgroN 1500 ivc iskMdr loDI ny vI kuJ mMdr Fwhy[ 1669 iv~c AOrMgzyb ny vI dobwrw bxy swry mMdr iPr Fuhw idqy sn[
jd gurU nwnk swihb mQurw pu`jy qW audoN ngr qbwh hoieAw ipAw sI[ gurU jI Ajoky kySv dyvw mMdr (ijs nuM ikRSn dw jnm AsQwn mMinAw jWdw hY) dy nyVy Tihry sn[ au~Qy Awp nwl vYSnUM lokW ny Drm crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny vYSnUAW nUM s~cy Drm dI izMdgI jIx dw sbk idqw[ mQurw iv~c mswnI rylvy stySn dy nyVy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk bgIcI‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[
mQurw ivc pVwA smyN gurU nwnk swihb jmnw dirAw nhwaux jwieAw krdy sn qy eyQy vI lokW nUM s`cy Drm dI isiKAw id`qI sI[ jmnw dirAw dy kMFy „qy kdy auQy grU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ 1984 nvMbr ivc is`KW dy kqlyAwm smyN audwsI pujwrIAW ny aus gurduAwry ivcoN gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp cuk ky dirAw ivc su`t id`qw Aqy aus iemwrq nUM sRIcMd dw mMdr bxw ilAw[
ibRMdwbn/ ivRMdwvn
mQrw qoN gurU nwnk swihb (11 iklomItr dUr) ivRMdwbn (keI jgh ibMdrwbn iliKAw vI imldw hY) vI gey[ ies ielwky ivc kdy ivRMdw (qulsI) dy bhuq dr^q hoieAw krdy sI iesy kr ky ies nUM „ivRMdw dw jMgl‟ (ivRMdwbn) kihMdy sn[ihMdUAW dy rwjw/Bgvwn ikRSn ny Awpxw bcpn qy jvwnI iesy jgh ibqweI sI[ iskMdr loDI vyly pMdrvIN sdI ivc ieh ngr Qyh bx cukw sI[ 1515-16 ivc eyQy cyqMnX mhWpRBU AwieAw qy aus ny eyQy iPr rOxk SurU kIqI sI[
(mQrw qoN 15 iklomItr dUr, gokul nW dw iek ipMf hY[ ikRSn ny Awpxy bcpn qy jvwnI dw kuJ smW ies jgh vI ibqwieAw sI[ ies ipMf dIAW swrIAW glIAW lokW v`loN id`qy dwn dIAW islW nwl BrIAW hoeIAW hn[ myly vwly idn qoN isvwey ies ipMf ivc koeI XwqrU nzr nhIN AwauNdw)[
ivRMdwvn ivc vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw „gurU nwnk tIlw‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ 2005 qk ieh gurduAwrw, iek it`ly auqy, pRwcIn iemwrq ivc sI[ pr, ies mgroN hrbMs isMG kwr syvw vwly ny aus qvwrI^I iemwrq nUM Fwh ky aus kImqI ^zwny nUM ^qm kr id`qw Aqy sMgmrmr dI byjwn iemwrq bxw id`qI[
kuJ idn mQrw, ibRMdwbn, gokul vZYrw ielwikAW ivc pRcwr kr ky gurU swihb id`lI rwhIN pMjwb vl cl pey[ gurU swihb ny pihlw pVwA (180 iklomItr dUr) id`lI ivc kIqw[ ie`QoN Awp rohqk, ihswr, qlvMfI swbo, m`qy dI srW, kMgxpur, cUnIAw qy Alpy (Alpw) qoN huMdy hoey rwey Boey dI qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw swihb) pu`jy[
gurU nwnk swihb dI dUjI audwsI (krIb 1512-15)
kuJ idn rwey Boey dI qlvMfI ivc rih ky gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw, dUjI audwsI vwsqy iPr cl pey[ ies vwr auh d`Kx v`l tur pey[
luiDAwxw
gurU nwnk swihb dI dUjI audwsI smyN, aunHW dw pihlw pVwA mIrhoqw (hux luiDAwxw) sI[ eyQy gurU jI ny sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw Aqy mIrhoqw ngr ivc Aw ruky[ mIrhoqw Aqy ies dy Awly-duAwly dw ielwkw bhuq pihlW vI Awbwd sI[ mhwrwjw ASok qoN vI pihlW sunyq bhuq v`fw ngr sI; ies ngr dIAW ie`tW nwl hI loDIAW ny mIrhoqw dw iklHw bxvwieAw sI, ijs dw Qyh A`j vI mOjUd hY[ (sunyq dy Qyh „qy hux BweI rxDIr isMG ngr visAw hoieAw hY)[ gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly sqluj dirAw luiDAwxy dy nyVy vihMdw sI (1785 ivc ies ny Awpxw vhwA bdl ilAw Aqy 13 iklomItr dUr iPlOr dy nyVy vihx lg ipAw[ purwxIAW ilKqW ivc (sxy igAwnI igAwn isMG) ies jgh gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc „QVHw swihb‟ dw izkr AwauNdw hY, pr hux aus dw nW inSwn mOjUd nhIN hY[ hux sqluj dy pul dy nyVy iek swD ny fyrw bxwieAw hY; ies dw gurU jI dy Awaux nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY[
krnwl
mIrhoqw (luiDAwxw) ivc pVwA krn mgroN gurU swihb srhMd (audoN ies ngr nUM swhrMd qy sIhrMd kihMdy sI) Aqy iphovw huMdy hoey, 197 iklomItr dw s&r qYA kr ky krnwl pu`jy[ Awp ny ie`Qy mOjUdw klMdrI gyt dy nyVy, TiTAwrW dy muh`ly ivc pVwA kIqw[ aunHW dy kIrqn dI Awvwz nUM sux ky kuJ mukwmI musilm iek`Ty ho gey Aqy aunHW ny sMgIq nUM SrA dy i^lw& d`isAw[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM d`isAw ik sMgIq qW rUhwnIAq dw iek Aihm AMg hY[ aunHIN idnI kuJ sU&I muslmwn vI auQy rihMdy sn; aunHW ny gurU jI dI g`l dI qweId kIqI[ ies mgroN aunHW ny sU&I PkIrW mubwrk AlI Swh, AbU AlI Swh klMdrI, Sy^ mubwirk Swh, Sy^ AlwaudIn Aqy Sy^ Sr& nwl Drm crcw kIqI qy aunHW nUM Drm dw s`cw mwrg d`isAw[ krnwl ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw mMjI swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dy iblkul nwl hI kuJ i&rkwpRsqW ny iek mMdr bxw ky ijs dI aucweI gurduAwry qoN vD rK ky AwpxI eIrKw dw iezhwr kIqw sI[ Bwrq dy Gt igxqI kimSn ny ies hrkq nUM i&rkU Srwrq kih ky ies dI aucweI Gtwaux vwsqy hukm jwrI kIqw sI[ pr aus hukm „qy Aj qk Aml nhIN kIqw igAw[
gurU swihb dy krnwl Awaux bwry vI iek krwmwqI g`p khwxI prclq hY, ik iek muslm s`Xd mubwrk AlI nUM gurU jI dI soBw sux ky bhuq gu`sw AwieAw[ aus ny Awpxy pIr Swh klMdrI nUM jw iSkwieq lweI ik gurU srod vjwauNdw hy jo ieslwmI SrA dy ault hY[ Swh klMdrI kMD „qy bYT ky aus jgh v`l cl ipAw ij`Qy gurU jI bYTy sn[ pr, Sihr qoN 2-3 iklomItr dUr ipMf bUVy KyVy kol auh kMD ruk geI[ ies „qy aus nUM gurU jI dI Azmq dw Aihsws hoieAw[ ies mgroN auh gurU jI kol pu`jw Aqy aus ny Aqy sXd mubwrk Swh, SY^ qwihr qy SY^ AlwaudIn ny gurU jI nwl goSt kIqI qy A^Ir hwr mMn leI[ieho ijhIAW krwmwqI g`p khwxIAW, swDW qy pujwrIAW ny, bhuq swry gurduAwirAW nwl joVIAW hoeIAW hn[
pwnIpq
krnwl qoN gurU nwnk swihb (35 iklomItr dUr) pwnIpq gey[ pwnIpq ivc Awp SyK eIdul kbIr nUM imly qy aus nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ SyK eIdul nUM keI jgh SyK ttIhr (jo SyK qwihr dw ivgiVAw rUp hY) vI iliKAw imldw hY[ pwnIpq ivc, jI.tI.rof „qy, vI gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw pihlI pwqswhI‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ies iemwrq ivc iek purwxw KUh vI mOjUd hY[ pwnIpq Sihr qvwrI^I p`K qoN bhuq AhmIAq rKdw hY[ ies jgh iqMn, bhuq Aihm qy ies mulk dI iksmq dw &Yslw krn vwlIAW, lVweIAW ie`Qy lVIAW geIAW sn (21 ApRYl 1526 dy idn bwbr qy iebrwhIm loDI ivckwr, 5 nvMbr 1556 dy idn Akbr qy id`lI dy nwzm hymU ivckwr, Aqy 14 jnvrI 1761 dy idn Aihmd Swh du`rwnI qy mrh`itAW ivckwr)[
id`lI
pwnIpq qoN gurU nwnk swihb (90 iklomItr dUr) id`lI pu`jy[ id~lI pu`j ky gurU swihb ny Awpxw pVwA, dirAw Xmnw dy kMFy, iek au~cy it~ly qy kIqw[ kdy ies jgh ‟qy aunHIN idnIN mjnUM nW dw iek drvyS irhw krdw sI[ ausy kr ky hI ies it~ly dw nW „mjnUM dw it~lw‟ mShUr sI[ gurU swihb vyly ieh QW id~lI qoN bwhr ipMf cMdrwvl KyVw dI zmIn sI[ mgroN 1613 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb vI au~Qy Tihry sn[ 1661 ivc rwm rwey (puqr gurU hir rwie swihb) vI kuJ icr ieQy hI ThirAw sI[ ie`Qy gurU swihb ny iek ierwnI PkIr Abdu`lw, jo mukwmI lokW dI syvw kirAw krdw sI qy byVI rwhIN dirAw jmnw pwr krn ivc mdd kirAw krdw sI, nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ ie`Qy gurU jI dy Awaux bwry kuJ lokW ivc iek mnGVq khwxI pRclq hY ik ie`Qy Awp ny iek mry hoey hwQI nUM izMdw kIqw sI[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw mjnU it`l‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies iemwrq ivc iek purwxw KUh vI mOjUd hY[
id`lI ivc gurU jI dw dUjw pVwA ie`QoN kuJ dUr, dirAw Xmnw dy kMFy, gurduAwrw nwnk ipAwE vwlI QW „qy sI[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb ny kuJ smW ruk ky lokW nUM pwxI ipAwaux dI syvw kIqw[ies iemwrq ivc iek purwxw KUh vI mOjUd hY[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik gurU jI pihlI audwsI qoN muVidAW ienHW dohW ivcoN iek jgh ruky hox[
BUpwl
id`lI qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb gvwlIAr Aqy JWsI huMdy hoey BUpwl (id`lI qoN 575 iklomtr) pu`jy[[ BUpwl ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc Aqy „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk tykrI‟ (eIdgwh dy ielwky ivc) Aqy „gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb‟ (rwm ngr nW dy ielwky ivc) bxy hoey hn[ gurduAwrw gurU nwnk tykrI nwl vI lokW ny iek krwmwqI g`p khwxI joVI hoeI hY ik rwjw Boj dy iek drbwrI gxpq lwl ny iksy AOrq nwl Zlq hrkq kIqI qW aus dy swry ijsm „qy kohV ho igAw[ ies mgroN auh ies jgh jMgl ivc rihx lg ipAw[ iek idn aus dw myl pIr jlwlaudIn nwl ho igAw[ aus ny pIr nUM Awpxw kohV dUr krn vwsqy mdd mMgI qW pIr ny ikhw ik qyrw rog qW isr& gurU nwnk swihb dUr kr skxgy[ A^Ir gurU jI auQy pu`jy qy gxpq lwl dw kohV dUr kIqw[ ijs ctwn „qy gurU swihb KVHy sn, aus jgh bwaulI prgt ho geI (hwlW ik ieh bwaulI gurduAwrw gurU nwnk tykrI‟ qoN bhuq dUr hyTW jw ky rwm ngr dy ielwky ivc hY qy auQy „gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY)[ ies khwxI dw dUjw p`K ieh vI hY ik rwjw Boj dw smW qyrHvIN sdI dw hY qy gurU swihb ies jgh 1511 ivc Awey sn[ ^Yr, ieho ijhIAW krwmwqI khwxIAW hr jgh imldIAW hn[
nMdyV
BUpwl qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb keI ngrW vc pVwA krdy krdy hoey (590 iklomtr dUr) mOjUdw ngr nMdyV dy bwhrvwr jw ruky[ nMdyV dy ies ielky ivc aus vyly, iek muslmwn PkIr, sXd Swh husYn, jo iek lkVhwrw sI, rihMdw sI[ gurU swihb aus kol gey qy dohW ivckwr Drm crcw hoeI[ie`Qy Awp dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw mwl tykrI‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ pr, gurduAwry ivc ilKy borf ivclI krwmwqI khwxI muqwibk ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN dw gupq ^zwnw d`ibAw hoieAw sI ijs nUM 1708 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI ny k`iFAw Aqy ies nwl is`K &OjIAW nUM qn^whW vMfIAW qy bwkI bcy ^zwny nUM auQy hI d`b id`qw[
(ieho ijhIAW mnGVq khwxIAW bhuq gurduAwirAW bwry imldIAW hn[ ie`Qy ieho ijhI krwmwqI mnGVq khwxI vwlw iek hor gurduAwrw (iSkwr Gwt) bwry vI hY, ij`Qy AKOqI qOr „qy gurU goibMd isMG ny gurU nwnk swihb v`loN „srwpy hoey‟, isAwlkot vwsI iek isK, BweI mUlw dw auDwr kIqw sI)[
ibdr
nMdyV qoN gurU nwnk swihb ibdr pu~jy[ ibdr Aj klH krnwtk dw iek mShUr Sihr hY[ aunHW idnW ivc ibdr dy bwhrvwr do muslmwn PkIr, sXd XwkUb AlI Aqy jlwludIn, rihMdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb nwl aunHW ny Drm crcw kIqI[ Aj vI aunHW dohW muslmwn PkIrW dIAW kbrW au~Qy bxIAW hoeIAW hn[ ieh kbrW gurduAwrw “nwnk JIrw” dy iblkul nyVy hn[ ieQy nyVy hI iek cSmw vgdw hY ijs dw nW „nwnk JIrw‟ hY[ ie`Qy prclq iek krwmwqI khwxI muqwibk PkIr jlwlu`dIn ny gurU swihb nUM disAw ik ies ielwky ivc pwxI dI Gwt hY[ ies ‟qy gurU swihb ny iek cSmw l`iBAw qy pwxI dw mslw hl kIqw[ aus cSmy dw nW „nwnk JIrw‟ jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ s`c ieh hY ik ieh cSmw gurU swihb qoN bhuq pihlW hI mOjUd sI qy gurU swihb dI PyrI dI Xwd ivc lok ies nUM „nwnk JIrw cSmw‟ AwKx lg pey sn[
gMtUr
ie`QoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb gMtUr gey[ gMtUr ivc vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc kdy iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; pr, hux auQy ies dw nW inSwn vI bwkI nhIN hY[
cyneI (mdrws)
gMtUr qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb v`K v`K QwvW qoN huMdy hoey d`Kx ivc (425 iklomItr dUr) cyneI ivc jw ruky[ cyneI (purwxw nW mdrws) ivc pyrIAwmyt ielwky ivc, kwrpurw strIt (cyneI-3) ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek mMdr dy AMdr QVHw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh nhIN ikhw jw skdw ik gurU jI mMdr ivc Tihry sn jW bwAd ivc aus QW „qy audwsIAW ny mMdr bxw id`qw sI[
kWcIpurm Aqy iqrpwruqI kumrm
cyneI qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb kWcIpurm (65 iklomtr) pu`jy[ kWcIpurm aus vyly jYn Drm dw iek v`fw sYNtr sI[ pihlW Sihr dI AwbwdI dw bhuq ih`sw jYnIAW dw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dy auQy jwx qoN isrP 10 kU swl pihloN hI auQoN dy rwjy ikRSn dyvw ny au~Qy do v`fy mMdr bxwey sn[ ieh mMdr 1502 ivc iqAwr hoey sn[ mgroN bRwhmxW ny ies ƒ “v`fw m`T” dw drjw dy idqw qy ieQoN dy sB qoN v`fy pujwrI ƒ „SMkrwcwrX‟ kihx lg pey[ (dsMbr 2004 ivc ieQoN dy „SMkrwcwrX‟ ƒ kql dI swijS GVn dy doS hyT igR&qwr vI kIqw igAw sI)[ kWcIpurm ivc vI gurU swihb ny sMgqW ƒ rUhwnIAq dw sbk idqw[ au~Qy vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY qy is`KW ny aus dI jgh nvW gurduAwrw jW koeI hor Xwdgwr nhIN bxweI hY[
kWcIpurm qoN iqMn iklomItr dUr, iqrpwruqI kumrm ksbw hY[ ies ksby ivc vI jYn Drm dw iek v`fw AwgU rihMdw sI[ gurU swihb aus ƒ vI imly[ jYnI swDU ny gurU swihb qoN puiCAw,“kI qusIN jIv mwr ky KWdy ho qy pwxI ibnw pux ky pINdy ho?” gurU swihb ny jYnI ƒ smJwieAw ik “pwxI pux ky pIx jW mws nw Kwx nwl, jW Aijhy hor pwKMf krn nwl, koeI &rk nhIN pYNdw[ ieh sB mn dy Brm hn[ Asl Drm ieh hY ik sicAwr dI izMdgI jIA ky vwihgurU dI BgqI kIqI jwey[ isr dy vwl Kohxw (pu`txw), nMgy pYrIN turnw qy AijhIAW hor sB kwrvweIAW bymwAnw hn[” gurU swihb ny ies sbMDI iek Sbd aucwirAw:
isru Kohwie pIAih mlvwxI, jUTw mMig mMig KwhI] Poil PdIhiq muih lYin BVwsw pwxI dyiK sgwhI] Byfw vwgI isru Kohwiein BrIAin hQ suAwhI] mwaU pIaU ikrqu gvwiein tbr rovin DwhI] Enw ipMfu n pqil, ikirAw n dIvw, muey ikQwaU pwhI] ATsiT qIrQ dyin n FoeI bRhmx AMnu n KwhI] sdw kucIl rhih idnu rwqI mQY itky nwhI] JuMfI pwie bhin iniq mrxY diV dIbwix n jwhI] lkI kwsy hQI PuMmx Ago ipCI jwhI] nw Eie jogI n Eie jMgm n Eie kwjI muMlw] diX ivgoey iPrih ivguqy iPtw vqY glw ] jIAw mwir jIvwly soeI Avru n koeI rKY] dwnhu qY iesnwnhu vMjy Bsu peI isir KuQY] pwxI ivchu rqn EpMny myru kIAw mwDwxI] ATsiT qIrQ dyvI Qwpy purbI lgY bwxI] nwie invwjw nwqY pUjw nwvin sdw sujwxI] muieAw jIvidAw giq hovY jW isir pweIAY pwxI] nwnk isrKuQy sYqwnI eynw gl n BwxI] vuTY hoieAY hoie iblwvlu jIAw jugiq smwxI] vuTY AMnu kmwdu kpwhw sBsY pVdw hovY] vuTY Gwhu crih inq surhI swDn dhI ivlovY] iqqu iGie hom jg sd pUjw pieAY kwrju sohY] gurU smuMdu ndI siB isKI nwqY ijqu vifAweI] nwnk isrKuQy nwvin nwhI, qw sq cty isir CweI] (ieh Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 149-50 ‟qy, drj hY)[
gurU swihb dIAW g`lW dw jYnI swDU qy bVw Asr hoieAw[ aus ny gurU swihb dy kdmW qy isr JukwieAw Aqy is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw[ (mgroN auh dsqwr sjw ky is`KI dw prcwr krdw irhw)[ gurU swihb kuJ idn kWcIpurm rhy qy Pyr A`gy nUM cl pey[
kWcIpurm qoN cl ky, gurU swihb iqRvnmlwey (128 iklomItr) pu`jy[ iqRvnmlwey ivc iSv dw iek purwxw mMdr sI qy kw&I lok au~Qy iek`Ty hoieAw krdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb ny aunHW ƒ Drm dI isiKAw idqI aunHW dy mnW dy sMsy dUr kIqy[ iqRvnmlwey ivc vI kdy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ ieh gurduAwrw au~nIvIN sdI dy pihly A`D ivc bixAw sI[ ies gurduAwry dw ieMMqzwm audwsI mhMqW dy h`Q ivc sI; mgroN auh aus jgh nUM vyc ky cly gey[ hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY[
ies mgroN gurU nwnk swihb (sRIrMgm mMdr 175 iklomtr) qy auQoN iqRcnwp`lI/iqrUicrwp`lI (13 iklomtr) vI gey Aqy lokW ƒ scy Drm dw pYZwm idqw[ iqRcnwp`lI ivc Awp keI idn Tihry Aqy kIrqn dw pRvwh clwieAw[ ies ksby ivc vI kdy Awp dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; pr hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY[ iqRcnwp`lI qoN gurU swihb qMjwvr (60 iklomItr) qy auQoN nwgwptnm (86 iklomItr) gey[ nwgwptnm qoN gurU nwnk swihb byVI rwhIN sRIlMkw gey (sRIlMkw dw nW jnmswKIAW ivc „isMGlwdIp‟ iliKAw imldw hY, ikauNik ieh isnhwlI/isMGwlI lokW dw mulk hY, so ies ƒ „isnhwlI dIp‟ jW isMGlwdIpAwKdy sn)[ auh 5 mwrc 1511 dy idn sRIlMkw gey sn[
sMglwdIp (sRIlMkw)
sRIlMkw ivc gurU swihb dw pihlw pVwA ies dI bMdrgwh jw&nw (150 iklomItr), jw&nw qoN iqRnkomlI (iqrU konw mlyA) ivc sI[ ieQoN Awp (138 iklomItr dUr) pUrbI lMkw dy sB qoN v`fy Sihr mtIAwkulm (ijs ƒ Aj klH bYtIkuloAw AwKdy hn) phuMcy[ audoN ieh sRIlMkw dI sB qoN v`fI irAwsq dI rwjDwnI sI[ bYtIkuloAw dw rwjw iSvnwB gurU nwnk swihb bwry pihloN hI jwxdw sI[ lwhOr dw BweI mnsuK iek vwr vpwr dy islisly ivc eyQy AwieAw sI Aqy aus ny rwjy nM gurU swihb dy jIvn &ls&y bwry disAw sI[ rwjy ny gurU swihb dy drSn krn leI ^wihS dw iezhwr kIqw qW BweI mnsuK ny aus ƒ AwiKAw sI ik kI pqw kdy gurU swihb qyry kol Awp hwizr ho jwx[ (ieh vI ho skdw hY ik BweI mnsuK ny hI gurU jI nUM rwjy dI SrDw ds ky sRIlMkw jwx bwry Arz kIqI hovy)[ hux jdoN rwjy ny gurU swihb dy drSn kIqy qW aus nUM bhuq ^uSI hoeI[ auh gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ƒ Awpxy mihl ivc lY igAw[ rwjy kol iek idn rih ky gurU swihb bYtIkuloAw qoN cly gey[ ieQoN tur ky aunHW ny pihlw pVwA qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr kIqw[ ij`Qy gurU swihb Tihry sI, au~Qy iek in`kw ijhw ipMf sI, jo vkq bIqx nwl iek ksbw bx igAw[ aus dw nW Aj klH kurUkl mMfp hY[
kurUkl mMfp qoN tur ky gurU nwnk swihb qy BweI mrdwnw krqrgwmw nUM cl pey[ phwVIAW pwr krdy hoey gurU swihb „kotI‟ nW dI irAwsq ivc dwi^l ho gey[ kotI ivc aus vyly rwjw Drmw pRkrmw bwhU dI hkUmq sI[ aus irAwsq ivc aus vyly boDIAW dw vDyry Asr sI[ rwjy dy drbwr iv~c boDIAW dy muKI Aqy gurU swihb ivc, rUhwnIAq dy nukiqAW bwry crcw hoeI[ boDIAW dw pwsw kmzor vyK ky pWfy (ihMdU) vI boDIAW dy nwl rl gey[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM sicAwr dI izMdgI jIx dw sbk idqw[ gurU swihb kuJ idn kotI rhy qy Pyr Agy cl pey[ kotI ‟c gurU swihb dy Awaux bwry iek purwxy iSlwlyK ivc vI izkr AwauNdw hY[ ieh p`Qr dI iSlwlyK sRIlMkw dy Sihr AnrwDwpurm dy iek Ajwieb Gr ivc peI khI jWdI hY[ ies dw nM: 111 hY[ ies ivc gurU swihb dw nW “nwnk AcwirAw” iliKAw hoieAw hY[ sRIlMkw audoN 7-8 irAwsqW iv~c vMifAw hoieAw sI qy hr irAwsq dy vKry rwjy sn[
(kolMbo qoN AnurwDwpurw 210 iklomItr, bYtIkuloAw qoN kotIAw glw 181 iklomItr, bYtIkuloAw qoN Aivsvylw 275 iklomItr hY)[
kotI qoN cl ky gurU swihb sIqwvwkw pujy[ Aj klH ies ngr nUM Aivsvylw AwKdy hn[ ieQoN Awp AnrwDwpurm (AnrwQwpurm) pujy[ AnrwQwpurm, aunHW idnW ivc sRIlMkw dI iek irAwsq dI rwjDwnI sI[ kuJ icr eyQy Tihr ky Awp mMnwr ksby (twpU, mMnwr dI KwVI) ivc pujy[ ies dOrwn Awp dy drSn BweI cMgw BwtVw ny vI kIqy[ cMgw BwtVw iks ngr dw sI, ieh qW pqw nhIN lgdw, pr sRIlMkw dw vwsI hox dw izkr zrUr imldw hY[ mYnr ‟c is`KI dI isiKAw dyx mgroN Awp iPr vwips drwivV dyS (hux d`KxI Bwrq) vl cl pey[ Awp sRIlMkw dy ngr mMnwr qoN qlweymMnwr (bMdrgwh) pu`jy qy eyQoN, byVI ivc svwr ho ky, 31 iklomItr dUr drwvV dys dy ipMf DnuskofI pujy[
DnuskofI Aqy rwmySvrm
DnuskofI rwmySvrm qoN 29 ku iklomItr pihloN smuMdr kMFy „qy kdy iek v`fw ngr sI[ ie`Qy rmySvrm qoN ryl AwieAw krdI sI qy lok ie`QoN sRIlMkw jwieAw krdy sn[ ieh bMdrgwh „qy ngr nUM 1964 ivc Awey smuMdrI qU&wn ny ^qm kr id`qw sI (ieh qU&wn iek rylvy tryn nUM vI, iek sO dy krIb muswi&rW sxy, roVH ky lY igAw sI)[ hux rwmySvrm qoN qkrIbn 15 iklomItr dUr qk sVk TIk hY[ ies qoN A`gy DnuskofI qk dldl Aqy toey-it`by hn[ kuJ b`sW lokW nUM purwxI DnuskofI qk lY jWdIAW hn (b`s nUM ie`Qy jwx qoN pihlW pulIs kol rijstr krnw pYNdw hY)[ DnuskofI ivc A`j vI qbwh ho cuky rylvy stySn Aqy sdIAW purwxy crc dIAW eImwrqW dy Qyh idsdy hn[ DnuskofI ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw nwnk audwsI m~T” bixAw hoieAw sI, jo 1964 dy ies qU&wn ny ^qm kr id`qw sI[
DnuskofI qoN gurU nwnk swihb rwmySvrm pu`jy sn[ rwmySvrm ihMdUAW dy 4 DwmW (bwkI iqMn bdrInwQ, dvwrkw qy purI hn), ivcoN iek hY[ ies ivc iSv dw rwmwnwQsvwmI mMdr hY[gurU nwnk swihb vyly ieh mMdr Cotw ijhw sI; A`j-klH ieh bhuq v`fI iemwrq hY[ hux vwlI iemwrq gurU swihb qoN mgroN bxI sI[ rwmySvrm ivc iSv aupwSkW qoN ielwvw bhuq swry gorKpMQI jogI vI irhw krdy sI[ jogIAW ny gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny jogIAW nUM jog Cf ky gRihsQI bxn dI pRyrnw idqI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik “Asl Drm gRihsQI rihMidAW iesy izdgI iv~c mukqI hwisl krnw hY[” rwmySvrm ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc “gurduAwrw gurU nwnk Dwm” bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies ivc iek bhuq purwxw KUh vI; ijs bwry ieh pRcwr kIqw hoieAw hY ik ieh KUh gurU jI ny bxwieAw sI[ ies gurduAwry ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc (aunHW dy) pYr aunHW dy Awaux dI inSwnI vjoN bxwey hoey hn (ijvyN hsn Abdwl ivc gurU jI dy h`Q dw inSwn, pMjw swihb, bixAw hoieAw hY)[
itRaUAnMqpurm
kuJ idn rwmySvrm rih ky gurU swihb ny au~qr-p`Cm vl s&r SurU kr idqw[ rwmySvrm qoN (57 iklomItr dUr) rwmnwdpurm Aqy (aus qoN A`gy 166 iklomItr dUr) iqrunYlv`lI qoN huMdy hoey, gurU swihb itRaUAnMqpurm irAwsq (138 iklomItr) ivc Aw gey[ ies jgh nUM trIvYNfrm vI AwKdy hn[ kdy eyQy vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI, jo hux mOjUd nhIN hY[
kotwiem
trIvYNfrm qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb kotwiem (180 iklomItr) ngr dy nyVy pu`jy[aunHIN idnI ies ksby dy bwhrvwr, kotwiem Aqy p`lm ipMf dy ivckwr, jogIAW dw iek fyrw sI[ gurU swihb jogIAW dy fyry ‟qy gey qy aunHW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik s~cy Drm dw mqlb hY: “ikrq krnw, vMf Ckxw qy nwm jpxw”[ jogIAW ny gurU swihb dy nwl vMf Ckx dy nukqy ‟qy bihs krnI SurU kr id`qI[ aunHW ny gurU swihb nUM AwiKAw ik hr cIz qW vMf ky nhIN KwDI jw skdI[ jogIAW ny gurU swihb nUM iek iql pyS kIqw Aqy ikhw ky AsIN ies nUM Awps ivc ikvyN vMf skdy hW? gurU swihb ny auh iql kUMfI ivc pw ky k`ut ilAw Aqy pwxI pw ky sB nUM vrqw idqw[ vMf Ckx dw AsUl, gurU swihb ny, jogIAW nUM ieM\ smJwieAw[ aunHW ikhw ik ieM\ vMf ky KwDy iql dw iksy nUM ijsmwnI qOr ‟qy &wiedw qW nhIN sI qy nw hI suAwd Awauxw sI[ ieh qW iek &ls&y nUM smJwaux dw qrIkw sI ik „jy ierwdw hovy qW sB kuJ vMf ky KwDw jw skdw hY‟[ ies swKI kwrx, aus jgh dw nW hI iqlgMjI cl ipAw[ kdy auQy “gurduAwrw iqlgMjI swihb” bixAw hoieAw sI; pr hux aus dw koeI nW inSwn bwkI nhIN hY[ Sihr kotwiem jW ipMf p`lm ivc iksy nUM vI aus gurduAwry bwry kuJ vI pqw qk nhIN hY[ (ieQoN bwry ieh g`l bhuq idlcsp hY ik ies ngr ivc iksy puls vwly qk nUM vI ihMdI jW AMgryzI iblkul nhIN AwauNdI)[
kotwiem qoN cl ky gurU swihb, bYNgUlorUU (bYNglor) Aqy hYdrwbwdhuMdyhoeyibdrpu`jy (kotwiem qoN bYNgolUrU 570 iklomItr; bYNgolUrU qoN hYdrwbwd 490iklomItr;hYdrwbwd qoN ibdr 172 iklomItr; ibdr qoN nMdyV = 176)[BVwauc/bVocibdr qoN (263 iklomItr dUr) pMfrpur huMdy hoey gurUnwnkswihbBVwauc/bVoc) pu`jy (pMfrpur qoN BVwauc 670 iklomItr hY)[
bVoc gujrwq dw iek v~fw Sihr hY[ bVoc ivc aus smyN sMinAwsIAW dy bhuq swry fyry sn[ ies jgh gurU swihb ny sMinAwsIAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI Aqy sMinAws dI jgh gRihsqI izMdgI ijaUx dI AhmIAq d`sI[ ij~Qy gurU swihb Tihry sn, au~Qy „gurduAwrw cwdr swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh jgh nrmdw dirAw dy kMFy bVoc rylvy stySn dy bhuq nyVy hY[ ies gurduAwry dy nwl vI iek krwmwqI khwxI gurU jI dy cwdr nwl dirAw pwr krn dI joVI hoeI hY[
ihMdU irvwieq muqwibk ies ngr dw nW iBRgU irSI (bRhmw dy ds puqrW ivcoN iek) dy nW „qy ipAw sI[iBRgU irSI Aqy lkSmI ieh jgh „qy kw&I dyr qk rhy sn[ skMd purwx ivc ies jgh „qy ihMdUAW dy 55 qIrQW dy hox dw izkr imldw hY; Bwgvq purwx, iSv purwx, skMd purwx, kurm purwx qy mqsX purwx, rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq, swirAW ivc ies ngr dw izkr imldw hY) ies ngr dI 60% AwbwdI muslmwnW dI hY[
bVOdw/vfodVw
BVwauc qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (ie`QoN 75 iklomItr dUr) bVOdw/vfodVw gey[ ie`Qy KMfyrwE mwrkIt ivc „gurduAwrw nwnk vwVI‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy iek purwxw KUh vI hY ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik gurU jI ies dy pwxI nwl ieSnwn kirAw krdy sn[ ie`Qy gurU swihb ny vYSnUAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ kuJ lokW ny ies gurduAwry dy nwl vI iek krmwqI khwxI joVI hoeI hY ik aunHIN idnIN ie`QoN dy lok bhuq ZrIb sn; aunHW ny gurU swihb nUM Arz kIqI ik auh aunHW dI ZrIbI dUr krn[ gurU swihb dI AsIs nwl ieh iek bhuq v`fw vpwrk sYNtr bx igAw[ aus vyly ie`Qy iek ihMdU mMdr sI, jo vkq dy nwl Fih igAw[ hux aus dI jgh iek nvI iemwrq bxweI geI hY[ (vfodrw Aihmdwbwd Aqy sUrq qoN bwAd gujrwq dw qIjw v`fw Sihr hY[ ieh ngr ivSvwimqrI dirAw dy dohIN pwsIN v`isAw hoieAw hY[ mwhI qy nrmdw, do dirAw ies ngr dy dohIN pwsIN 25-30 iklomItr dUr qoN lMGdy hn)[
jUnwgVH qy igrnwr phwV
vfodVwqoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (396 iklomItr dUr) AvMqIpurw pu~jy[ audoN ies nUM sorT dyS (qy mgroN surwStr) vI ikhw jWdw sI[ muslmwnW dy kbzy mgroN ies dw nW jUnwgVH r`iKAw igAw qy hOlI-hOlI ieh iek bhuq qwkqvr musilm irAwsq bx geI (jUnw gVH gujrwqI zbwn dw l&z hY ijs dw mwAnw hY purwxw gVH/iklHw)[ jUnwgVH (AvMqIpurw) bhuq purwxw ngr hY; kdy ies jgh mOrIAW ^wndwn dI hkUmq huMdI sI[ pur wxy iklHy ivc mhwrwjw ASok dw, pwlI bolI qy bRhmI il`pI ivc iliKAw, 250 purwxw swl dw, iek iSlwlyK A`j vI ies jgh mOjUd hY[ 1748 ivc ies „qy muhMmd bhwdr ^wn ny kbzw kr ilAw Aqy jUnwgVH irAwsq dI nINh r`KI[ 1947 ivc ie`QoN dy nvwb ny pwiksqwn ivc Swiml hox dw AYlwn kIqw, pr Bwrq v`loN AYkSn kIqy jwx qoN frdw, eyQoN dw nvwb mhwbq ^wn pwiksqwn dOV igAw[ ie`QoN dI 95% AwbwdI ihMdUAW dI sI, ies kr ky rweySumwrI krvwaux mgroN mgroN ies irAwsq „qy Bwrq dw kbzw ho igAw[
jdoN gurU swihb jUnwgVH gey qW aus ielwky ivc jogIAW dw bolbwlw sI[ Sihr qoN bwhr (qkrIbn 5 iklomItr dUr) igrnwr phwV qy jogIAW dw iek v~fw fyrw sI[ drAsl jogIAW dw sB qoN pihlw fyrw iehI sI[ jogIAW dw muF d~qw qrY qoN cldw hY[ d`qw qrY dw cylw mCMdr nwQ sI qy mCMdr nwQ dw cylw gorK nwQ sI[ igrnwr phwV dIAW pMj cotIAW hn[ Aj vI aunHW ivcoN do cotIAW dy nW „d`qw qrY cotI‟ qy „gorK nwQ cotI‟ cldy hn[ mgroN gorK nwQ dw nW vDyry mShUr ho igAw qy jogIAW nUM gorK-pMQI vI AwKx lg pey[
ies dy nyVy hI jYnIAW dw pRwcIn mMdr vI hY; jogIAW qoN pihlW ieh jYnIAW dw muK sYNtr sI[ hux igrnwr phwV cVHn vwsqy pauVIAW bxIAW hoeIAW hn pr gurU swihb dy vyly p`QrW qoN cVH ky jwxw pYNdw sI[ hux dIAW pOVIAW muqwibk 2300 pOVIAW cVHn mgroN mwlI prb nW dI QW AwauNdI hY[ ie`Qy 1244 sMn dw iek iSlwlyK mOjUd hY[ 3800 pOVIAW cVH ky igrnwr iklHy dw drvwzw hY[ 4500 pOVIAW „qy swcw kwkw nW dI jgh hY[ ie`Qy kwlI dw mMdr hY[ 4840 pOVIAW „qy AMbw dw mMdr hY[ 5250 pOVIAW „qy gorKnwQ dw mMdr hY[ ieh jgh smuMdr ql qoN 3666 Pu`t aucweI „qy hY Aqy igrnwr phwV ivc sB qoN aucI jgh hY[ ie`Qy gorK nwQ dw „crn pwdukw‟ (aus dI Xwd ivc pYrW dw rYplIkw) bixAw hoieAw hY[
ie`Qy gorK nwQ ny Bgq BrQrI nUM isiKAw id`qI sI[ ies mgroN auh eyQy hI irhw sI[ BrQrI, rwjw ibkrmwjIq (ijs dy nW ‟qy ibkrmI smMq cldw hY), dw Brw sI[ auh bwdSwhI nUM C~f ky jogI bx igAw sI[ (keI ies BrQrI nUM pMjwb dy ipMf q^qUpurw nwl vI joVdy hn jo ik shI nhIN hY; auh BrQrI koeI hor sI)[ gurU swihb BrQrI dI gu&w ‟qy gey qy lokW nUM Drm dI isiKAw idqI[ BrQrI dI gu&w dy syvwdwr jogI lwl, nwl gurU swihb dI Drm crcw hoeI[ jogI lwl vI gurU swihb dw is~K bx igAw[
jUnwgVH ivc iksy zmwny iv~c ieQy „gurduAwrw nwnk SwhI‟ huMdw sI[ mgroN pujwrIAW ny auh zmIn vyc idqI qy au~QoN cly gey[
somnwQ
jUnwgVH qoN Awp prBws p`qn (jUngVH qoN somnwQ 90 iklomItr) phuMcy[ ie`Qy somnwQ dw mMdr hY[ ieh mMdr muhMmd gznvI ny Fwh idqw sI[ mgroN ies nUM kumwr pwlw ny dobwrw bxvwieAw sI[ ies nUM iPr keI vwr FwihAw igAw qy bxwieAw igAw[gurU nwnk swihb ny eyQy vI lokW nUM Drm dw sbk idqw[
dvwrkw
AvMqIpurw (jUnwgVH) qoN cl ky gurU swihb (230 iklomItr dUr) duAwrkw gey[ duAwrkw iksy smyN rwjw ikRSn (ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw) dw rwj sI; auh ivRMdwvn Aqy mQrw qoN B`j ky ie`Qy Aw visAw sI[ mgroN iek smuMdrI qU&wn kwrn duAwrkw smuMdr ivc smw igAw sI[ hux vI aus dy KMfr smuMdr ivc mOjUd hn[ dvwrkw dy muK mMdr dvwrkw byt ivc hn[ ieh iek twpU hY, jo dvwrkw qoN 30 iklomItr dUr hY Aqy ikSqIAW rwhIN ies jgh jwieAw jWdw hY)[ hux vwlw duAwrkw nvIn jgh „qy v`isAw hY; purwxw duAwrkw ies twpU dy Awly-duAwly v`isAw hoieAw hovygw[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY pr hux BweI mohkm isMG (pMj ipAwirAW ivcoN iek) dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw hY[ gurU nwnk swihb aus dy v`fy vfyirAW nUM imly hoxgy ijs kr ky auh prvwr is`K jgq dw ih`sw sI[
burhwnpur
ies dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb burhwnpur (dvwrkw qoN 974 iklomItr qy vfodVw/bVOdw qoN 454 iklomItr dUr) vI gey[ auQy Awp dI Xwd ivc qwpqI dirAw dy kMFy „gurduAwrw rwjGwt swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ burhwnpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb qoN mgroN vI is`KI dw bhuq v`fw sYNtr irhw sI qy ie`QoN dy is`K krqwrpur (rwvI), goieMdvwl, c`k gurU (AMimRqsr), kIrqpur Aqy AnMdpur swihb jWdy rihMdy sn[ (s. mnohr isMG mwrko muqwibk ies jgh „qy kdy gurU gRMQ swihb dIAW purwxIAW bIVW vI mOjUd sn, jo mgroN isaUNk nwl ^qm ho geIAW[ hux kuJ hor bIVW mOjUd hn jo mgroN dy KwrI bIV dy auqwry hn)[
(burhwnpur ivc 1708 ivc gurU goibMd isMG vI gey sn[ ie`Qy aunHW dy kuVm BweI jyTw isMG dw invws sI[ie`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc iek bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bVI sMgq bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh jgh BweI jyTw isMG dI hvylI sI[ ies gurduAwry dy ipCly ih`sy ivc gurU jI dy poqy hTI isMG qy aus dI mwqw (swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dI pqnI qy gurU swihb dI nUMh) qwrw kOr dIAW smwDW vI bxIAW hoeIAW hn)[ ngr qoN 5 iklomItr dUr, jYnwbwd ipMf ivc, dsm gurU, mwqw suMdr kOr, BweI gurid`qw Aqy hor keI is`KW dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw crn kml‟ vI mOjUd hY[ aunHW vyilAW ivc ies jgh qoN lok dirAw pwr kirAw krdy sn)[
icqOVgVH
burhwnpur qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (500 iklomItr dUr) icqOVgVH gey[ byrwc dirAw dy kMFy „qy icqOV dw iklHw qvwrI^ dy bhuq kImqI qbrkwq sMBwlI bYTw hY[ ies iklHy nUM myvwVI rwjpUq rwijAW ny bxwieAw sI[ purwxIAW ilKqW ivc ies dw nW icqrkUt vI imldw hY[ 734 ivc b`pw rwvl ny ies nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI[ 1303 ivc jd AlwaudIn iKljI ny rwxI pdmnI nUM hwisl kr vwsqy ies „qy hmlw kIqw sI, qW rwxI sqI ho geI sI[ 1326 ivc rwjpUqW ny ies „qy dobwrw kbzw kr ilAw sI[ rwxw kuMBw (1433-68) ieQoN dw bhuq qwkqvwr rwjw hoieAw hY[ aus ny 1440 ivc muslwmnW „qy ij`q dI Xwd ivc 122 Put aucw 157 pOVIAW vwlw, ivjY sqMB (mInwr) bxwieAw jo A`j vI Swn nwl KVHw hY[ ies iklHy ivc iek hor sqMB kIrqI sqMB vI hY, ijhVw jYn Drm dI Xwdgwr hY; ies dy nwl hI purwxw AwdI nwQ dw jYn mMdr vI hY[ 1568 ivc Akbr ny, bVI v`fI muihMm Aqy keI mhIinAW dy Gyry mgroN, A^Ir ies „qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies iklHy ivc bhuq purwxy mMdr mOjUd hn[ ies iklHy ivc hor vI mMdr kwiem hn, ijnHW ivcoN iek 8vIN sdI dw sUrj dyvqy dw mMdr vI hY; mgroN rwjpUqW v`loN ies nUM BvwnI dw mMdr qy iPr ies nUM kwilkw mwqw dw mMdr bxw ilAw igAw sI[
gurU nwnk swihb ies ngr ivc sMn 1512 ivc Awey sn[ ie`Qy aunHW ny jYn swDUAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI sI[ auQy gurU jI dy Awaux dI Xwd ivc koeI inSwnI nhIN hY[ hux Sihr ivc iek lokl gurduAwrw zrUr hY[
gurU goibMd isMG swihb vI ie`Qy 1707 ivc Awey sn[ eyQy hI 2 ApRYl 1707 dy idn ies iklHy ivc dwi^lw hox qoN rokx „qy pwilq zorwvr isMG qy aus dy 40 swQI mwry gey sn[
Ajmyr Aqy puSkr
icqOV qoN gurU swihb (197 iklomItr dUr) Ajmyr pu`jy[ Ajmyr ivc gurU swihb icSqI dI drgh „qy gey Aqy ie`QoN dy muslm pIrW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ ies mgroN Awp nyVy dy ngr (15 iklomItr dUr) puSkr gey[ ies ngr dy ivckwr iek JIl hY ijs dy duAwly bhuq swry mMdr bxy hoey hn[ kdy JIl dy kMFy, gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ hux auh mOjUd nhIN, pr, JIl qoN kuJ dUr gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw hY[
q^qUpurw
puSkr qoN cl ky gurU swihb (480 iklomItr dUr) srsw huMdy hoey, q^qUpurw (srsw qoN 146 iklomItr) pu`jy[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ie`Qy Awp ny jogIAW BrQrI qy gopI cMd nwl Drm crcw kIqI (pr ieh shI nhIN hY, ieh BrQrI jogI keI mukwmI jogI sI, AvMqIpurw/jUnwgVH vwlw nhIN sI)[ q^qUpurw ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY, ijs dw ieMqzwm lopo vwly swD kol hY[
q^qUpury qoN sqluj dirAw pwr kr ky gurU swihb (92 iklomItr dUr) sulqwnpur Aw gey[ ie`QoN Awp (217 iklomItr dUr) qlvMfI (nwnkwxw swihb) pu`jy[
gurU nwnk swihb dI qIjI audwsI
kuJ idn rwey Boey dI qlvMfI ivc rih mrdwnw Pyr Drm prcwr vwsqy qIjI audwsI „qy dOrw sumyr phwV (mwnsrovr JIl) sI[ ky gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI cl pey[ ies vwr aunHW dI mMizl
pMj Dwrw qIrQ (ipMjor)
rwey Boey dI qlvMfI qoN cl ky, gurU nwnk swihb vYrovwl qy KfUr huMdy hoey goieMdvwl pu`jy Aqy ieQy ibAws dirAw pwr kIqw[ ies mgroN Awp mIrhoqw (hux luiDAwxw) phuMc ky, sqluj dirAw dy kMFy „qy cldy hoey mwCIvwVw qy ropV huMdy hoey auh (luiDAwxw qoN 125 iklomItr) ipMjOr vl gey[ ipMjOr iek pRwcIn ngr hY[ ies jgh iksy zmwny ivc BImw dyvI dw mMdr sI, ijhVw gurjwr-pRiqhwr rwijAW dy smyn (8vIN qoN 11 vIN sdI) dw jwpdw hY[ ipMjOr dw ipCokV ies qoN vI pihlW pMcwl dys dy (pWfv) rwijAW nwl jw imldw hY; ikauNik ie`Qy pWfUAW dI hkUmq dIAW inSwnIAW vI imlIAW hn[ ies jgh iek bhuq purwxI bwaulI vI hY ijs nUM pMj Dwrw bwaulI (Aqy pMj Dwrw qIrQ) vI ikhw jWdw hY ikauN ik ies jgh phwVW qoN pwxI dIAW pMj DwrW phuMcdIAW sn[ ipMjOr dw nW vI pMj pwisEN (pMj+Er) qoN Awaux vwlIAW DwrW qoN bixAw jwpdw hY[ ies mMdr nUM muslmwn hmlwvrW ny Fwh ky zmI nwl imlw id`qw sI[ mgroN ies jgh „qy muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn ny iek bwZ lgvwieAw sI, ijs nUM pihlW „muZl gwrfn‟ ikhw jWdw sI qy hux XwdivMdrw gwrfn ikhw jWdw hY)[
jd gurU nwnk swihb ie`Qy pu`jy qW mMdr qbwh ho cuky sn, pr pMj Dwrw bwaulI Ajy kwiem sI[ gurU swihb ny F`Ty hoey „pMjDwrw qIrQ‟ dy nyVy ruk ky pVwA kIqw Aqy lokW nUM s`cy Drm dw rsqw d`isAw[ ie`Qy rwq rukx mgroN Awp sumyr prbq vl jwx vwsqy mMfI v`l cl pey[
kIrqpur ‟c sweIN bu`Fx Swh nwl myl
ipMjOr qoN GnOlI huMdy hoey 56 iklomItr dw rsqw qYA kr ky gurU nwnk swihb ipMf BtOlI pu`jy[ BtolI ipMf hux kIrqpur swihb dw ih`sw hY (mOjUdw kIrqpur ngr ies qoN 113 swl mgroN gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy byty gurid`qw ny meI 1624 ivc vswieAw sI)[ mMfI nUM jwx vwsqy rsqw BtolI dy nyiVEN lMGdw hY[ BtolI ivc ijs jgh gurU nwnk swihb bYTy sn, au~Qy „gurduAwrw crn kMvl‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[
ij~Qy 1624 ivc kIrqpur vswieAw igAw sI, au~QoN koeI iek iklomItr auprvl, ipMf kilAwxpurdI iek phwVI „qy iek muslmwn PkIr sWeIN bu~Fx SwhrihMdw sI[ gurU nwnkswihb ny mMfI jwx vwsqy auDroN lMGxw sI[ rsqy ivc gurUjI ny aus nwl s`cy Drm dI crcw kIqI[ sWeIN bu~Fx Swh ny gurU nwnk swihb AqyBweI mrdwnw nUM bkrIAW dw du~D vI ipAwieAw[mgroN iksy ilKwrI ny CyvyN pwqSwh v`loN kIrqpur vswaux sbMDIiehkhwxIGVI ik gurU nwnk swihb ny sWeIN nUM ikhw sI ik AsIN qYQoN CyvyN jwmyivcAw ky du~D pIvWgy[ ieh g~l shI nhIN hY[ ho skdw hY ik sweIN bu`Fx Swh ny lMmI aumr BogI hovy qy aus ny CyvyN gurU nUM vI du`D ipAwieAw ho skdw hY pr ieh gurU nwnk swihb dy bcnW vwlI khwxI mnGVq hY; Swied ieh bu`Fn Swh dy vwrsW ny aus dyy mzwr dI AhmIAq vDwaux vwsqy GVI hovy[
ies fyry vilAW ny iek hor Zlq khwxI vI GVI hoeI hY ik jo is`K kIrqpur ivc jWdw hY pr sweIN bu`Fx Swh dy mzwr ‘qy nhIN jWdw aus dI Xwqrw pUrI (s&l) nhIN huMdI[ pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik AKOqI qIrQ Xwqrw dI is`K Drm ivc koeI QW nhIN; is`K kIrqpur ivc gurU swihb dI ieiqhwsk jgh vyKx Aqy gurU jI dI Xwd qwzw krn jWdy hn nw ik qIrQ Xwqrw krn[ dUjw, is`K iksy kbr jW smwD nUM m`Qw nhIN tykdw[ ies kr ky sweIN bu`Fx Swh dy mzwr ‘qy m`Qw tykxw gurU dI is`iKAw dy ault kwrvweI hY[ is`K aus phwVI ‘qy ieiqhwsk Xwd qwzw krn vwsqy qW jw skdw hY qy ies dI koeI mnwhI nhIN; pr auQy drSn krn dy nW ‘qy jW m`Qw tykxw is`K vwsqy gurU v`l ip`T krn dy brwbr hY[
mMfI qy rvwlsr
kIrqpur qoN cl ky gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw (130 iklomItr dUr) Ajoky mMfI Sihr pu~jy[ gurU swihb vyly mMfI Sihr bhuq izAwdw Awbwd nhIN hoieAw sI[ ieQy ies irAwsq dy rwjy Ajbr sYx ny Awpxw mhl Aqy iklHw bxwieAw sI[ gurU swihb ny ies ngr pu`j ky ibAws dirAw dy kMFy „qy pVwA kIqw[ jd gurU swihb kIrqn krn l`gy qW bhuq swry lok iek`Ty ho gey[ jd rwjw Ajbr sYx nUM aunHW dy kIrqn dw pqw lgw qW rwjw aunHW nUM Awpxy mihl ivc lY igAw[ kuJ idn gurU swihb mMfI ivc ruky[ ies dOrwn iek vwr gurU swihb (24 iklomItr dUr) ipMf rvwlsr vI gey[ rvwlsr audoN boDIAW dw Aihm sYNtr sI[ eyQy Awp ny boDIAW nwl Drm dI crcw kIqI[ (mMfI dw rwjw pihlw phwVI rwjw sI jo is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI qy ieh irAwsq sdw swry gurUAW dI v&wdwr rhI sI, pr mMfI Aqy rvwlsr, dohW ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY; hwlW ik gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc dohW jgh „qy gurduAwry bxy hoey hn[
BuMqr qy mxIkrn
mMfI qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (60 iklomItr dUr) BuMqr gey[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc Swndwr gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ BuMqr ivc gurU nwnk swihb nUM ie`QoN dw cODrI imlx AwieAw[ auh cODrI Awp qW bhuq swdw izMdgI ijaUNdw sI pr aus ny gurU swihb nUM bhuq swrIAW kImqI cIzW Byt kIqIAW[ gurU swihb ny koeI vI Bytw kbUl nw kIqI Aqy aus nUM ikhw ik auh aunHW swrIAW cIzW nUM ZrIbW qy loVvMdW ivc vMf dyvy[ cODrI gurU jI dI S^sIAq qoN bhuq pRBwivq hoieAw[
hor jgh vW| eyQy vI krwmwq qy vr dI khwxI pRclq hY ik cODrI ny ikhw ik eyQy ByfW dI aun Aqy cwvl qoN isvw kuJ nhIN huMdw[ Awp vr idE ik ieQy Pl, Anwj qy hor cIzW vI pYdw hox[ gurU swihb ny vr id`qw ik jwE quhwnUM swrIAW cIzW Akwl purK qoN lyY id`qIAW hn; hux eyQy sB kuJ pYdw hoieAw krygw[ ieho ijhIAW krwmwqW, vr qy srwp dIAW khwxIAW gurU dI isiKAw dy ault hn pr audwsIAW qy hor pujwrIAW ny ieh GV ky lokW nUM BrmwieAw hoieAw hY[
iek irvweq muqwibk gurU jI (ies qoN 36 iklomItr dUr) mnIkrn vwlI jgh vI gey sn[ Aj klH ies jgh bxy gurduAwry „qy ku`lU dy iek ihMdU dw kbzw hY[ (ies dI iemwrq nwrwwiex isMG ny bxweI sI[ mgroN mukwmI ihMdUAW nUM ^uS krn vwsqy Awpxy Awp nUM „nwrwwiex hrI‟ AKvwaux lg ipAw sI[ aus dI mOq qoN bwAd hux aus dI DI dyvW mhMqxI bxI hoeI hY[ nwrwiex isMG/hrI ny dyvW dw ivAwh ku`lU dy iek ihMdU nwl, jo iek kpVw vpwrI sI, nwl ivAwh kr id`qw sI)[ gurduAwry dy nW „qy bxI iemwrq dw muK hwl 150 qoN vD ihMdU mUrqIAW nwl BirAw hoieAw hY[ ieh gurU gRMQ swihb dI Gor byAdbI hY[ mnIkrn ivc grm pwxI dy cSmy hn; ijnHW nUM ZYbI qwkq kih ky lokW nUM Drm dy nW „qy PswieAw hoieAw hY[ grm pwxI dy ieho ijhy cSmy mnwlI, bdrInwQ, kSmIr qy hor keI jgh vI hn; Aqy dunIAW dy keI mulkW ivc bhuq jgwh iml jWdy hn[
juAwlwmuKI qy hrIpur (gulyr)
ies qoN mgroN gurU jI mMfI qoN ndOx huMdy hoey jvwlwmuKI (mMfI qoN 123 iklomItr qy ndOx qoN 13 iklomItr dUr) pu`jy[ jvwlwmuKI ivc audoN iek in`kw ijhw mMdr sI[ ies ivc koeI bu~q nhIN sI isr& iek jvwlw (lwt) sI[ ieh lwt zmIn ‟coN inkldIAW gYsW dy blx nwl inkldI sI[ ieh vI S~k kIqw jWdw hY ik ies zmIn dy hyTW XUrynIAm pdwrQ jW koeI hor gYs hY[ Axjwx lok gYs dI ies lwt nUM ZYbI smJ ky ies dI pUjw krdy sn[ audoN ieh mMdr in~kw ijhw sI; mgroN ies dI iemwrq vDdI geI[ (ies mMdr ‟qy ligAw swrw sonw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny Aqyy cWdI dy drvwzy mhwrwjw KVk isMG ny idqy sn[ rxjIq isMG dw ie`Qy lwieAw sonw drbwr swihb ‟qy lwey sony qoN ikqy vDyrI rkm dw sI)[
jvwlwmuKI dy mMdr dy bwhr mOjUd lokW nUM Awp ny Drm dI isiKAw id`qI[ ie`QoN Awp 33 iklomItr dUr gulyr irAwsq dI rwjDwnI hrIpur pu`jy gey[ ie`QoN dy rwjy ny Awp dw bhuq mwx siqkwr kIqw qy Awpxy mihl ivc r`iKAw[ mMfI qoN mgroN hrIpur dUjI irAwsq sI ijs dw rwjw is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw[
kWgVw
iek rwq hrIpur rih ky gurU swihb (39 iklomItr dUr) kWgVw pujy[ kWgVw (pihlW ies nUM ngrkot vI kihMdy sn) ivc pMjwb dy sB qoN pRwcIn ngrW ivcoN iek hY[ iek irvwieq muqwibk kdy eyQy pWfv rwjy vI rwj krdy sn[ mgroN ies irAwsq „qy ktoc rwjpUq kwbz ho gey sn[ 1009 ivc ies ngr „qy mihmUd ZznvI ny hmlw kr ky iklHy „qy kbzw kr ilAw sI qy swrw kImqI swmwn lu`t ky lY igAw sI [ iPr 1360 ivc &IrozSwh quZlk ny vI ies ngr „qy hmlw kr ky ies nUM lu`itAw sI[ 1620 qoN 1758 qk ies „qy muZlW dw kbzw irhw[ ies mgroN ie`QoN dw rwjw GuMmf cMd muZlW qy A&ZwnW dw swQI bx igAw[ iPr aus dy poqy sMswr cMd vyly, 1810 ivc ies „qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw kbzw ho igAw sI[
kWgVw ivc pRwcIn vjrySvrI dyvI dw mMdr hY[ imQhwsk khwxI muqwibk iSv dI bytI sqI ny Awpxy Awp nUM ipqw dI ^wiqr kurbwn kr id`qw sI qy iSv aus dI lwS nUM c`uk ky „qWfv nwc‟ n`c ky dunIAw qbwh krn l`gw sI qW ivSnU ny sqI dy ijsm dy 52 tukVy kr id`qy jo v`K-v`K jgh ifg pey[ sqI dI K`bI CwqI ie`Qy if`gI sI[ jd pWfv ie`Qy kwbz hoey qW aunHW ny ies dyvI dw ieh mMdr bxw id`qw[ ies mMdr nUM muslmwn hmlwvrW ny 1009 qy 1360 dy ivckwr keI vwr FwihAw Aqy swrw sonw qy hor kImqI swmwn lu`t ky lY gey sn[ mgroN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMMG ny ies „qy mxW-mUhI sonw cVHwieAw sI (jo drbwr swihb qoN ikqy vD sI)[ gurU nwnk swihb ie`Qy kuJ smW rhy qy iPr kIVgrwm nUM cl pey[
kIVgrwm (bYjnwQ)
kWgVw qoN gurU swihb (55 iklomItr dUr) kIVgrwm pu`jy[ Aj klH kIVgrwm dw nW bYjnwQ (pRwcIn bYjnwQ mMdr kr ky) hY[ aunHIN idnIN aus ielwky ivc kIV kOm dI hkUmq sI qy kIVgrwm ngr aus rwj dI rwjDwnI sI[ pihloN kIVW dI hkUmq bhuq swry ielwky ivc sI[ mgroN aunHW dw inGwr lPz SurU ho igAw[ hOlI-hOlI aunHW dw swrw ielwkw kWgVy dy rwijAW ny Koh ilAw[ vkq bIqx nwl kIVgrwm dw iklHw Aqy mihl vI Fih gey[ iPr ies jgh dw nW vI kIVgrwm dI jgh, bYjnwQ dy mMdr dy nW ‟qy, bYjnwQ hI v~jx lg ipAw[
jdoN gurU jI au~Qy gey qW kIVgrwm suhxw Sihr sI[ au~QoN dy rwjy ny gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw nUM Awpxy Gr Kwxy ‟qy sidAw[ gurU swihb ny rwjy nUM „Drm dw rwjw‟ bxn dI isiKAw idqI qy ikhw ik qUM jdoN qk „Drm dw rwjw‟ rhyNgw qyrw rwj kwiem rhygw[ kIVgrwm dw izkr AwrkIAwloijst AlYZzYNfr kinMGm ny vI AwpxI Koj ivc kIqw hY[ jvwlwmuKI, kWgVw Aqy kIVgrwm (bYjnwQ) ivc pRwcIn mMdr qW mOjUd hn pr gurU jI dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY[ hwlW ik ieh irAwsq keI swl mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy kbzy ivc vI rhI sI qy aus ny mMdrW „qy mxW mUhI sonw qW cVHwieAw pr ies ielwky ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI koeI vI Xwdgwr qk nhIN bxweI[
sumyr prbq qy jwxw
kIVgrwm (bYjnwQ) qoN cl ky gurU swihb lwhOl sip`qI dy ielwky ivc gey[ cMdr klw d~ry nyVy ipMf mlwnw ivc gurU swihb dI PyrI dw izkr AwauNdw hY[ ieQoN gurU swihb kYlwS prbq ‟qy mwnsrovr JIl‟qy phuMcy[ kYlwS nUM „sumyr‟ vI AwKdy hn[kYlwS phwV ivc do bhuq v`fIAW JIlW mwnsrovr (88 vrg mIl rkbw) qy rkSsql (320 vrg iklomItr rkbw) hn; dohW JILW ivc isr& 3.7 iklomItr dw &wslw hY[ (ieh ielwkw iqbq, cIn ivc pYNdw hY) sumyr prbq ‟qy jwx dw izkr BweI gurdws jI ny pihlI vwr dI 28vIN pauVI ivc kIqw hY[ eyQy gurU swihb ny isD jogIAW nUM isiKAw idqI[ mwnsrovr JIl dy kMFy ‟qy iqbqIAW dy kuJ mMdr hn[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ienHW mMdrW ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI pUjw vI huMdI hY[ (mwnsrovr JIl qy kYlwS phwV, iqbq, cIn, dy Sihr lHwsw qoN 940 ikloomItr dUr hY)[
kYlwS jwx vwsqy cIn qoN iqMn primt lYxy pYNdy hn qy ies jgh qk s&r nUM Gt qoN Gt 6 idn lgdy hn[ Bwrq qoN igxqI dy XwqrIAW nUM, lwtrI isstm ivc, iejwzq imldI hY qy auh auqrkwSI qoN dwi^l ho skdy hn (gurU nwnk swihb iesy rsqy qoN gey sn)[ iek rsqw kTmMfU Aqy lHwsw (iqbq) v`loN brwsqw fwrcn vI jWdw hY[ fwrcn qoN kYlwS phwV sw& nzr AwauNdw hY; ies qoN A`gy dw rsqw pYdl qYA krnw pYNdw hY[
lyh Aqy kwrigl
mwnsrovr qoN gurU swihb ldwK v`l Aw gey[ ldwK dI PyrI vyly gurU swihb lyh qoN 40 iklomItr dUr hyms dI gu&w vl vI gey[ ieQy Awp ny boDIAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw p`Qr swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY ijs dI syvw sMBwl BwrqI &Oj dy is`K krdy hn[
lyh qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (215 iklomItr dUr) kwrigl pu~jy[ kwrigl ivc vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY jo BwrqI &Oj dI ingrwnI hyT hY; ies dI syvw sMBwl vI is`K &OjI krdy hn[
AmrnwQ qy pihlgwm
kwrigl qoN cl ky gurU swihb skrdU vl gey[ ie`Qy kdy boDIAW dw Aihm kyNdr sI[ skrdU ivc vI kdy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc phwVI ‟qy gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI (hux ies dI iemwrq bhuqw ih`sw Fih cukw hY)[ ies mgroN Awp (109 iklomItr dUr) bwltwl pu`jy[ ie`Qy pVwA krn mgroN Awp br&W ‟coN lMGdy hoey Awp (bwltwl qoN swFy 14 iklomItr dUr) Amr nwQ dI gu&w ‟qy pujy[ ies jgh iek gu&w ivc iek surw^ ivcoN br& ifg-ifg ky iek lMbw ijhw tukVw bxw dyNdI hY[ keI ihMdU ies nUM „iSv dw ilMg‟ AwK ky ies dI pUjw krdy hn[ Aijhy brP dy golwkwr QMm dunIAW dy hor phwVI ielwikAW „c vI bxdy hn[ gurU swihb ny ie`Qy lokW nUM ies krm kWf dI AslIAq d`s ky scy Drm dw rsqw Dwrn krn dI isiKAw id`qI[ AmrnwQ ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc Ajy koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY (vrnw hymkMut vWg iek hor AKOqI „qIrQ‟ bx jwxw sI)[
AmrnwQ qoN cl ky gurU swihb (31 iklomItr dUr) cMdnvwVI qoN lMGdy hoey (auQoN 16 iklomItr) pihlgwm pujy[ ie`Qy vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY, pr hux ies „qy gurduAwrw isMG sBw ilK id`qw igAw hY[Aj klH pihlgwm kSmIr jwx vwly sYlwnIAW dI sB qoN vD mnpsMd QW hY[
m`tn
pihlgwm ivc Drm dI isiKAw dyx mgroN gurU swihb (34 iklomItr dUr) m`tn pujy[ m`tn iksy zmwny ivc iek cSmy kr ky mShUr sI[ gurU nwnk swihb iesy cSmy kol ruky sn[ cSmy dy ivckwr iek v`fw p`Qr dw QVHw sI ijs „qy bYT ky gurU jI ny bIjibhwVw dy mShUr pMfq bRhm dws nwl crcw kIqI sI[ mgroN jd muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn eyQy AwieAw qW aus ny ies cSmy dy duAwly bwZ bxvwieAw sI[ 1766 ivc ies jgh gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurmuK isMG ny pihlw gurduAwrw bxvwieAw sI[ 1821 ivc hrI isMG nlvw kSmIr dw sUbydwr bixAw qW ie`Qy bhuq swry is`K Awbwd ho gey Aqy ies jgh 7 gurduAwry bx gey[ 1846 ivc Zdwr fogrw gulwb isMh kSmIr dw rwjw bixAw[ aus dy pVpoqy pRqwp isMh (ijs ny 1885 qoN 1925 qk rwj kIqw) ny ieh swry gurduAwry Fuhw id`qy Aqy iPr aus dy pu`qr hrI isMh ny 1944 ivc cSmy dy duAwly iek mMdr bxw id`qw[ ieh mMdr gurduAwry dI zmIn ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ KwVkU muslmwn jQybMdIAW ny ienHW mMdrW nUM aufwaux dI DmkI id`qI hoeI hY; ies kr ky ienHW dy A`gy &Oj dI p`kI cONkI bxI hoeI hY[
m`tn ivc bRhm dws nUM mMjI b^Sxw: m`tn ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI pMfq bRhmdws nwl bhuq lMmI Drm crcw hoeI[ pMfq bRhmdws eyQy nyVy dy ipMf bIj ibhwVw dw rihx vwlw sI[ bRhmdws ny ikqwbW dw iek Fyr iek`Tw kIqw hoieAw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny bRhmdws dy ikqwbI ielm dw mwx qoiVAw Aqy aus nUM rUhwnIAq dw sbk id~qw[ A^Ir bRhm dq is~KI ivc Swiml ho igAw[ gurU swihb ny bRhm dws (pu`qr Twkr dws d`q) nUM kSmIr ‟c is`KI prcwr dw AwgU QwipAw[
(gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kol 25 meI 1675 dy idn &irAwdI hox vwly bRwhmxW dw jQw ies ielwky dy ijs mShUr is`K AwgU BweI ikrpw rwm d`q dI bWh PV ky AwieAw sI auh iesy bRhm dws pVpoqw sI)[
mwrqMf: m`tn dy nyVy (6-7 iklomItr dUr, ikhrIbl ipMf dy bwhrvwr) mwrqMf ivc kdy sUrj dyvqw dw mShUr mMdr hoieAw krdw sI[ ieh mMdr 500 sMn ivc bxnw SurU hoieAw sI Aqy 750 qk ies ivc vwDw huMdw irhw sI[ ies dw rkbw 220 &u`t lMmweI qy 142 &u`t cOVweI sI qy ies ivc 84 Coty mMdr sn[ pMdrvI sdI dy SurU ivc ies mMdr nUM muslmwn hwkm iskMdr buqiskn ny Fwh idqw sI[ ies nUM Fwhux ivc hI iek swl lg igAw sI[ pr, ies mMdr dy KMfr Aj vI kwiem hn[ ie`Qy bYT ky vI gurU nwnk swihb ny lokW nUM is`iKAw idqI sI[
AnMqnwg, AvMqIpurw
mwrqMf qoN gurU swihb (8 iklomItr dUr) AnMqnwg pu`jy[ ijhw ik ies dw nW drswauNdw hY (AnMq nwg= byAMq cSmy), AnMqnwg ivc iksy zmwny ivc bhuq cSmy hoxgy[ AnMqnwg muK qOr „qy muslmwnW dw Sihr hY[ ies Sihr dI AwbwdI iek l`K qoN vI vD hY[ ie`Qy vI gurU nwnk swihb ny kuJ smW pVwA kIqw sI Aqy ielwhI Drm dw pRcwr kIqw[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies jgh, gurduAwry dy nzdIk ihMdUAW dy mMdr vI hn[ KwVkU muslmwn jQybMdIAW ny m`tn vW| ienHW mMdrW nUM vI aufwaux dI DmkI id`qI hoeI hY; ies kr ky ienHW dy A`gy &Oj dI p`kI cONkI bxI hoeI hY[
bIj ibhwVw
AnMqnwg qoN gurU jI bRhm dws dy ipMf (9 iklomItr dUr) bIj ibhwVw ivc vI gey qy iek rwq aus dy Gr ivc rhy[ auQy vI gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ijhlm dirAw dy kMFy „qy puld dy nzdIk, „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies jgh 400 swl purwxy icnwr dy dr^q mOjUd hn[
AvMqIpurw
kuJ smW bIj ibhwVw ivc rihx mgroN gurU swihb (15 iklomItr dUr) AvMqIpurw pu`jy[ AvMqIpurw nUM rwjw AvMqI vrmn (rwj kwl 855 qoN 883) ny vsw ky, ies nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI[aus ny ngr ivc keI mMdr bxwey sn[ ies jgh kdy bRwhmx rwjw lilqwidqX (ijs ny 724 qoN 760 qk kSmIr „qy rwj kIqw sI) ny iek v`fw mMdr bxwieAw sI[ aus dy Qyh A`j vI nzr AwauNdy hn[ AvMqIpurw ivc gurU jI ny s`cy Drm dw pYZwm id`qw[ ie`Qy vI gurU nwnk jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[
B`drvwh Aqy ikSqvwV
(sRIngr qoN 249, AnMqnwg qoN 191 Aqy jMmU qoN 154 iklomItr dUr) B`drvwh ivc, nIrU nwly dy kMFy „qy qIrQ gupq gMgw Aqy iek iklomItr dUr bwsk nwg dw mMdr hY[ hux gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw swihb‟ bxwieAw igAw hY[ iek irvwieq muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb ikSqvwV (JnW dy kMFy „qy kMFy „qy), (B`drvwh qoN 84 Aqy jMmU qoN 227 iklomItr), vI Awey sn[ pr, gurU nwnk swihb dy ie`Qy Awaux dw izkr iksy somy ivc nhIN imldw[ ieh dovyN gurduAwry Syr isMG AYm.AYs.sI. ny bxwey sn[
sRIngr, bwrwmUlw, auVI
AvMqIpurw qoN gurU nwnk swihb (30 iklomItr dUr) sRIngr pujy[ ijhlm dirAw dy kMFy „qy v`isAw sRIngr Aj-klH kSmIr dI rwjDwnI hY[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ieh Sihr mhwrwjw ASok ny vswieAw sI[ mgroN ies „qy kuSwn qy hUn kOmW dI hkUmq vI rhI sI[ ies dw sB qoN qwkqvr rwjw lilqwidqX sI (ijs ny 724 qoN 760 qk kSmIr „qy rwj kIqw sI)[ies Sihr „qy muZl hkUmq Akbr ny kwiem kIqI sI[ muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr, aus dI byZm nUr jhW, bwdSwh Swhjhwn Aqy AOrMgzyb ies jgh nUM bhuq psMd krdy sn[ nUr jhW ny ies ngr dy nyVy f`l JIl dy swhmxy SwlImwr bwZ lgvwieAw sI, jo A`j vI ies ngr dI Swn hY[
sRIngr ‟c gurU nwnk swihb dI jogIAW nwl Drm crcw hoeI[ sRIngr ivc hrI prbq qy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ sRIngr ivc SMkrwcwrIAw mMdr vwly phwV dI cotI ‟qy vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ gulwb isMh fogrw dy vyly qoN ies ‟qy audwsIAW dw kbzw hY qy aunHW ny ies nUM audwsI fyrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY[
sRIngr qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (53 iklomItr dUr) bwrwmUlw gey[ bwrwmUlw dy nyVy hrmuK gMgw jgh ‟qy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY, pr aus dw nW gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy nW „qy hY[ eyQy rUhwnIAq dw sbk dyx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb ny Aglw pVwA (35 iklomItr dUr) auVI ksby ivc kIqw[ ieQoN tur ky Awp muz&rwbwd huMdy hoey (210 iklomitr dUr) rwvlipMfI vl cl pey[
hsn Abdwl Aqy pMjw swihb
pwiksqwn dy izlHw Atk ivc, ieslwmbwd qoN qkrIbn 40 Aqy rwvlipMfI qoN 48 qy pRwcIn ngr tYkslw dy Qyh qoN 22 iklomItr dUr (rwvlipMfI-pySwvr mwrg ‟qy) iek pRwcIn ngr[ ies dw izkr sqvIN sdI ivc Awey cInI XwqrI XUAwn zMg ny vI kIqw hY[ aus muqwibk hsn Abdwl iksy vyly boDIAW dw iek mShUr sYNtr sI[ A`j vI aus swry ielwky ivc boDIAW dy sqUpW dy KMfr nzr AwauNdy hn[hsn Abdwl vwlw cSmw keI hzwr swl purwxw hY[ ies ngr dw izkr Akbr dI „AweIn-ey-AkbrI‟ Aqy jhWgIr dI „quzk-ey-jhWgIrI‟ ivc vI AwauNdw hY[ Swh jhwn qy AOrMgzyb vI ie`Qy Tihrdy rhy sn[ (jd 1674 ivc A&ZwnW ny bZwvq kIqI sI qW AOrMgzyb aus nUM dbwaux vwsqy Awp &Oj lY ky AwieAw sI qy 1676 qk, pOxy do swl, ie`Qy irhw sI)[ hsn Abdwl Aj-klH qkrIbn 40 hzwr dI AwbwdI vwl ngr hY[
gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI qIjI audwsI dOrwn 1517-18 ivc (mwnsrovr, ldwK qy kSmIr dy dOry dOrwn) sRIngr qoN cl ky bwrwmUlw, auVI, muz&rwbwd qoN huMdy hoey rwvlipMfI v`l gey sn[ ies dOrwn Awp rwvlipMfI qoN 48 iklomItr pihlW) hsn Abdwl vwlI jgh rukyy sn[ Aj klH ies jgh nUM “pMjw swihb” vI AwKdy hn[
iek irvwieq muqwibk iksy zmwny ivc ies jgh ‟qy hsn nW dw iek gu~jr rihMdw sI, jo Swied Abdwl (A&gwinsqwn) dw rihx vwlw sI[ aus ny muswi&rW vwsqy iek srW bxweI hoeI sI[ ies pwsy ivc jwx vwly vpwrI ies srW ivc TihirAw krdy sn[ hOlI-hOlI hsn dI srW dw Awlw duAwlw Awbwd hox lg ipAw[ ies kr ky ies ipMf dw nW „hsn Abdwl‟ bx igAw[ iek hor irvwieq muqwibk hsn gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly vI ijaUNdw sI Aqy gurU nwnk swihb Aqy hsn ivckwr crcw vI hoeI sI[ hsn ny ipAwr nwl gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw nUM duD vI CkwieAw sI[
(iek khwxI muqwibk hsn Abdwl dy bwhrvwr iek phwV ‟qy iek SIAw muslmwn &kIr kMDwrI rihMdw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik auh k~tV muslmwn sI[ gurU nwnk swihb qy BweI mrdwnw aus nUM vI imlx gey[ kMDwrI ny gurU swihb swihb qy BweI mrdwnw dw Awauxw psMd nw kIqw[
iek hor khwxI muqwibk aus vlI kMDwrI ny mrdwny nUM iqMn vwr mMgx „qy vI pwxI nw id`qw qW gurU swihb ny iek is`l cu`kI qy aus hyToN iek cSmw inkl AwieAw[ kMDwrI dI phwVI dw swrw pwxI aus cSmy ivc Aw igAw[ ieho ijhIAW krwmwqI khwxIAW keI jgh bwry kuJ lokW ny GV leIAW hoeIAW hn)[ ieh iKAwl rhy ik vlI kMDwrI vwlI phwVI smuMdr ql qoN 700 mItr aucweI ‟qy hY (gurduAwrw smuMdr ql qoN qkrIbn 400 mItr aucweI ‟qy hY); dohW ivc qkrIbn 2 iklomItr dw &wslw hY; Aqy jy kr p`Qr su`itAw vI hovy qW do iklomItr qk ruVH ky phuMcxw nwmumikn (AsMBv)hY[
gurU nwnk swihb dy pMjw swihb jwx Aqy pMjy nwl p~Qr rokx vwlI swKI nw qW „BweI bwly vwlI jnmswKI‟ ivc hY qy nw hI „BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jWdI jnmswKI‟ ivc[ ieM\ hI „imhrbwn vwlI‟ qy „ivlwieq vwlI‟ jnmswKIAW vI ies Gtnw dw izkr nhIN krdIAW[ bwly vwlI jnmswKI ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy kMDwrI &kIr dy imlx dw izkr hY pr auh Gtnw vI hsn Abdwl ipMf ivc nhIN idKweI geI[
Aijhw jwpdw hY ik gurU nwnk swihb Awpxy imSnrI dOry vyly ie`Qy Awey sn Aqy aunHW ny muslmwnW qoN ielwvw boDIAW Aqy Awm lokW nwl vI Drm crcw kIqI sI[ swirAW ny gurU swihb dI Azmq A~gy isr JukwieAw sI[ audoN vlI kMDwrI, jo iek ktV SIAw muslmwn sI, nyVy dI phwVI dy au~pr rihMdw sI[ aus nUM lokW v`loN gurU nwnk swihb dIAW is&qW psMd nw AweIAW hoxgIAW[
mgroN gurU nwnk swihb dI hsn Abdwl dI PyrI nUM XwdgwrI bxwaux vwsqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ieQy gurduAwrw bxw idqw Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek p~Qr qy pMjw vI aukrvw idqw[ bwAd ivc ies p~Qr nUM cSmy dy nwl icxweI kr ky p~kw kr idqw igAw[ Aj auh p~Qr gurduAwry dI hdUd ‟c vgx vwly cSmy dw iek ih~sw hI nzr AwauNdw hY[ hux vI ghu nwl dyiKAW sw& pqw lgdw hY ik ieh p`Qr vKrw hY qy aunHW ctwnW ivc iPt kIqw hoieAw hY[ 27 dsMbr 1835 dy idn jrmn dw iek XwqrI bYrn cwrls ihaUgl ies jgh qoN lMiGAw sI[ p~Qr ‟qy rxjIq isMG v`loN pMjw aukrvwey jwx dw izkr ihaUgl ny
AwpxI ikqwb Travels in Kashmir and Punjab ivc kIqw hY[
BwvyN bhuqy qvwrI^I somy gurU nwnk swihb dI PyrI dw izkr nhIN krdy pr ies dw mqlb hrigz ieh nhIN ik gurU swihb au~Qy gey hI nhIN[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny iksy irvwieq kr ky hI ieh gurduAwrw bxwieAw hovygw[ gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc, bwrwmUlw qoN pMjwb dy rsqy ivc, keI jgh qy (auVI, kohwlw vgYrw ivc vI) gurduAwry bxy hoey hn[ gurU nwnk swihb kSmIr qoN iesy rsqy qoN pMjwb Awey hoxgy ikauNik bwkI dy dovyN rsqy isr& grmIAW ivc hI KulHdy hn qy swl dy bwkI swry mhIny br& pYx kr ky bMd rihMdy hn[ ies kr ky, ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik gurU swihb ipMf hsn Abdwl zrUr gey hoxgy[ (iek hor irvwieq muqwibk, gurU swihb hsn Abdwl audoN Awey sn jdoN auh m~kw qy bgdwd qoN muVy sn[ pr ieh g`l shI nhIN jwpdI).
it`lw bwlguMdweI, rohqws
hsn Abdwl qoN cl ky gurU swihb rwvlipMfI huMdy hoey (hsn Abdwl qoN 150 iklomItr dUr Aqy rwvlipMfI qoN 110 iklomItr dUr) izlw ijhlm ivc it~lw bwl guMdweI ‟qy ruky[ ieQy jogIAW dw iek v~fw fyrw sI[ gurU swihb ny fyry qoN kuJ dUr bYT ky kIrqn SurU kr idqw[ jdoN jogIAW dy muKI nUM pqw lgw qW auh au~Qy pujw Aqy gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ it~lw bwl guMdweI ‟qy vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ au~Qy iek p~Qr qy gurU swihb dy pYr dw pMjw aukrvw ky (pMjw swihb dy h`Q dy pMjy vWg) gurU swihb dI PyrI dI Xwdgwr dI inSwnI vI r`KI hoeI sI[ audoN keI QwvW ‟qy AijhIAW, pYrW Aqy h~QW dIAW, inSwnIAW bxw ky Xwd kwiem rKx dw irvwz huMdw sI[ iksy Aihm S^SIAq dI Xwd ivc pMjw jW pYr bxwayux dI irvwieq hor vI keI jgh hY[ rwmySvrm qy ibdr ivc vI gurU swihb dy pYr bxwey heoy hn[ hor S^sIAqW dy pMjy qy pYr bhuq swrIAW jgh „qy bxwey hoey Awm imldy hn[
it~lw bwl guMdweI dy nyVy hI (qkrIbn 22 iklomItr dUr) rohqws dw iklHw hY[ ieh iklHw bhuq purwxw hY[ gurU swihb vyly ieh iklHw in~kw ijhw huMdw sI[ ies nUM Syr Swh sUr ny DoKy nwl kbzy ivc lYx mgroN svwirAw Aqy vDwieAw sI[ gurU swihb ies jgh vI gey sn[ iklHy dy nwl hI iek cSmw hY[ ies cSmy nUM “cohw bwbw nwnk” AwKdy hn[ 1947 qk cSmy dw iehI nW cldw sI[ rohqws dw iklHw ipMf dInw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr hY[ rohqws dw Ajokw ksbw kw&I dyr bwAd vsxw SurU hoieAw sI[ pihlW ieQy isr& iklHw hI sI[ mwqw swihb kOr (pqnI gurU goibMd isMG swihb) dw jnm vI eyQy hoieAw sI[ aus dI Xwd ivc vI iek gurduAwrw aus dy j~dI Gr vwlI jgh ‟qy bixAw hoieAw hY[
ktws rwj
it`lw bwl guMdweI (it`lw jogIAW) qoN cl ky gurU swihb (bwl guMdweI qoN 107 iklomItr qy ckvwl qoN 40 iklomItr dUr) ktws rwj nW dy pRwcIn ipMf (coAw sYdw Swh qoN 24 iklomItr in`ky rwh ‟qy) ivc ruky[ ieQy SYv Drm dw iek purwxw, CyvIN sdI dw, mMdr sI; ijs dI audoN vwlI iemwrq sMn 900 dy krIb dI bxI hoeI sI[ imQhws muqwibk ieQy iSv dI pqnI pwrvqI dIAW A`KW coN hMJU if`gy sn (iek hor imQhws muqwibk iSv dw ktws nW dw GoVw eyQy mirAw sI)[ drAsl ieh jgh mihMjodwVo-hV`pw kwl dI hY Aqy ieh sB khwxIAW ienHW ilKwrIAW dIAW GVIAW hoeIAW hn[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb kuJ icr ruky qy aunHW ny auQy Xwqrw krn Awey lokW nUM s`cy Drm dI isiKAw id`qI[ mgroN ie`Qy iSv mMdr qoN ielwvw hor vI bhuq swry mMdr bx gey sn[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk jI dI Xwd ivc vI iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY; hux auQy isr& iemwrq hY Aqy aus dI koeI sMBwl nhIN hY[
isAwlkot
ktws qoN cl ky gurU swihb (100 iklomItr dUr) ifMgw ruky[ ies mgroN Awp (103 iklomItr dUr) isAwlkot pu~jy[ isAwlkot dw nW pMdrvIN sdI qk „slkot‟ sI[ iksy zmwny ivc ie~Qy rwjw s~l (iek hor somy muqwibk rwjw slvwn) dI hkUmq sI qy aus dy nW ‟qy hI ies ksby dw nW ipAw sI[ ijQy gurU swihb ruky sn au~Qy “gurduAwrw byr swihb” bixAw hoieAw hY[ ijs byrI hyT gurU swihb bYTy sI auh Ajy vI mOjUd hY[
„mrxw s`c qy jIxw JUT‟:
isAwlkot dw nW is`K qvwrI^ ivc, gurU nwnk swihb dy iek nzdIkI is~K, BweI mUly kr ky vI jwixAw jWdw hY[ gurU nwnk swihb dI “mrxw s~c qy jIxw JUT” vwlI swKI iesy isAwlkot nwl hI sbMD rKdI hY[ irvwieqI swKI muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb ny BweI mrdwnw nUM do pYsy dy ky toirAw qy AwiKAw ik iek pYsy dw “s~c” qy iek pYsy dw “JUT” lY Awvy[ BweI mrdwnw ny bhuq swry dukwndwrW nUM priKAw[ pr iksy nUM vI ies nukqy dI smJ nw AweI[ A^Ir, iek dukwndwr, ijs dw nW mUlw sI, ny BweI mrdwnw nUM iek kwZz ‟qy “mrxw s~c” Aqy dUjy kwZz ‟qy “jIxw JUT” ilK ky dy idqw[ drAsl, BweI mUlw smJ igAw sI ik ies ip~Cy koeI kOqk hovygw[ ies kr ky BweI mUlw Awp vI BweI mrdwnw dy ip~Cy cl ipAw[ jdoN BweI mUlw ny gurU swihb dy drSn kIqy qW aus dw idl bVw ^uS hoieAw[ aus ny gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ auh gurU swihb nUM Awpxy Gr lY igAw[ gurU swihb kuJ idn au~Qy rhy Aqy sMgqW nUM Sbd dw kIrqn Aqy Sbd dI kQw suxw ky inhwl krdy rhy[ BweI mUlw dw Gr „Drmswl‟ bx igAw[ kuJ idn mgroN jd gurU swihb au~QoN c`lx l`gy qW BweI mUlw dy idl ivc vYrwg jwigAw qy auh vI gurU swihb dy nwl hI tur ipAw[
jMmU Aqy purmMfl
isAwlkot qoN cl ky gurU swihb, BweI mrdwnw Aqy BweI mUlw (isAwlkot qoN 43 iklomItr dUr) jMmU huMdy hoey (jMmU qoN 29 iklomItr dUr) purmMfl gey[ purmMfl kdy pRwcIn iSv mMdr kr ky mShUr sI[ ies ivc kdy 111 srwvW huMdIAW sn; pr hux ieh aujwV hY[ ie`Qy kdy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek QVHw bixAw huMdw sI[ mgroN Zdwr fogry gulwb isMG ny aus nUM htvw id`qw[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bxwaux vwsqy iqMn gwgrW sony dIAW BrIAW gulwb isMh fogry nUM sONpIAW sn jo auh Awp hVp kr igAw Aqy is`K rwj ^qm hox mgroN aus ny ieQy keI iSv mMdr bxw id`qy ijnHW vwsqy iek l`K qoN vD iSv ilMg bxvwey; ienHW ivc 1400 qoN vD iSv mMdr Aqy hzwrW iSv ilMg nyVy dy ies ipMf dy mMdr ivc pey hn[
purmMfl qoN gurU jI qlvMfI v`l cl pey[ rsqy ivc Awp iek ipMf ivc ruky[ ies dw nW Aj klH kotlw mIAW im~Tw hY[ ie~Qy iek drvyS mIAW im~Tw irhw krdw sI, jo k~tV muslmwn sI[ mIAW im~Tw ny gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ mIAW im~Tw ny gurU nwnk swihb nUM AwiKAw ik r~b qoN bwAd isr& hzrq muhMmd swihb hI hn qy jo aunHW dw klmw pVHygw auhI j~nq (svrg) ivc jweygw[ ies ‟qy gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik r~b dI drgh ivc auhI kbUl hovygw jo s~cy idloN r~b nUM hwisl krn dw ierwdw kr ky sicAwr dy rsqy qy Aml krygw[ mIAW im~Tw Pyr AwKx lgw ik ijvyN qyl qoN ibnW dIvw nhIN jgdw, auvyN hI rsUl qoN ibnW injwq nhIN huMdI qy r~b nwl myl nhIN huMdw[ ies dy jvwb ivc gurU swihb ny
AwiKAw ik “rUhwnI ielm” hwisl krn, “s~c” dI pCwx krn, Aqy AmlI izMdgI ivc “sicAwr” dw rsqw cuxn nwl injwq imldI hY Aqy r~b dI smJ pYNdI hY[ gurU swihb ny iek Sbd aucwirAw:
soeI maulw ijin jgu mauilAw hirAw kIAw sMswro] Awb Kwku ijin bMiD rhweI DMnu isrjxhwro] mrxw mulw mrxw] BI krqwrhu frxw] qw qU mulw qw qU kwjI jwxih nwmu KudweI] jy bhuqyrw piVAw hovih ko rhY n BrIAY pweI] soeI kwjI ijin Awpu qijAw ieku nwmu kIAw AwDwro] hY BI hosI jwie n jwsI scw isrjxhwro] pMj vKq invwj gujwrih pVih kqyb kurwxw] nwnku AwKY gor sdyeI rihE pIxw Kwxw] (ieh Sbd gurU swihb ivc s&y 25 ‟qy drj hY)[
gurU swihb ny mIAW im~Tw nUM smJwieAw ik Asl muslmwn auh hY ijs dy idl ivc imhr, isdk, srm, sIl, s~c dI krxI qy hor cMgy ienswnI gux hn[ iehI msIq hY, iehI mus`lw hY, iehI kurwn pVHnw hY, iehI rozy hn, iehI kwbw hY, iehI qsbI hY qy iehI klmw hY[ iehI Asl rUhwnIAq hY[:
imhr msIiq, isdku muslw, hk hlwlu kurwxu] srm suMniq, sIlu rojw, hohu muslmwxu]
krxI kwbw, scu pIru, klmw krm invwj] qsbI sw iqsu BwvsI nwnk rKY lwj] (s&w 140) pMij invwjw, vKq pMij, pMjw pMjy nwau]
pihlw scu hlwlu duie, qIjw KYr Kudwie] cauQI nIAiq rwis mnu, pMjvI isPiq snwie] krxI klmw AwiK kY, qw muslmwxu sdwie] nwnk jyqy kUiVAwr, kUVY kUVI pwie]
muslmwxu khwvxu musklu, jw hoie qw muslmwxu khwvY] Avil Aauil dInu kir imTw, mskl mwnw mwlu muswvY] hoie musilmu dIn muhwxY, mrx jIvx kw Brmu cukwvY] r b kI rjwie mMny isr aupir, krqw mMny Awpu gvwvY]
qau nwnk srb jIAw imhrMmiq, hoie q muslmwxu khwvY] (s&w 141)
mIAW im~Tw dy Gr qoN cl ky gurU swihb Awpxy ipMf qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw swihb) Aw gey[ gurU swihb ny BweI mUlw dI pCwx Awpxy Gr vwilAW qy purwxy dosqW nwl krvweI[ kuJ icr qlvMfI ivc rih ky BweI mUlw isAwlkot vwips clw igAw[
gurU nwnk swihb dI cOQI audwsI
kuJ idn qlvMfI rihx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb Pyr Drm prcwr vwsqy cl pey[ ies vwr auh Swied sB qoN pihlW sulqwnpur hI gey sn[ jlMDr dw nvwb dOlq ^wn loDI audoN pMjwb dw sUbydwr bx cuikAw sI[ BwvyN auh vDyry kr ky lwhOr hI rihMdw hovygw pr kdy-kdy sulqwnpur Aw ky AwpxI jwgIr qy Pyrw mwr jWdw sI[ ies vwr aus dw myl gurU nwnk swihb nwl ho igAw[ aus ny gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ies vwr dOlq ^wn loDI ny jW iks muslmwx pIr-&kIr jW iPr ikqy BweI mrdwny ny g~l kIqI hovygI jW gurU swihb ny ^ud soicAw hovygw ik auh jogIAW, boDIAW, jYnIAW qy ihMdUAW dy qIrQW vwly bhuqy fyirAW Aqy ngrW iv~c jw cuky hn, qy hux m~kw, mdInw qy hor muslm ngrW ivc vI jwxw cwhIdw hY[ aunHW idnW ivc keI muslmwn h`j krn vwsqy m`kw jwx dIAW iqAwrIAW kr rhy sn[ auQy pu`jx vwly hzwrW lokW nwl Drm-crcw krn dI soc nwl gurU swihb ny m~kw qy mdInw vl jwx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[
pwkptn
sulqwnpur qoN cl ky gurU swihb Swied sB qoN pihlW pwkptn gey hoxgy[ iek somy muqwibk Awp pwkptn ivc pihloN vI Aw cuky sn[ Sy^ &rId (1179 – 1263) dI g~dI qy aunHW idnW ivc Sy^ bRhm (iebrwhIm ibn ADm) bYTw sI[ pwkptn ivc Awp ny gurbwxI dw kIrqn kr ky suxwieAw[ ies mgroN Sy^ &rId dy cyilAW ny kIrqn kIqw[ kuJ idn ieM\ hI kIrqn huMdw irhw Aqy Drm crcw cldI rhI[ pwkptn ivc Awp kuJ idn rhy qy Pyr Agy cl pey[
mulqwn
pwkptn qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb ny Aglw pVwA mulqwn ivc kIqw[ mulqwn ivc aunHIN idnIN bVy pIr &kIr rihMdy sn[ gurU swihb vyly mulqwn ivc Sy^ bhwau~dIn zkrIAw kurYSI (1170- 1267) dI g~dI dI bVI mwnqw sI[ gurU swihb vyly ies g~dI qy Sy^ bhwau~dIn dI kul ivcoN iek bhwau~dIn m^dUm bYTw sI[
gurU nwnk swihb dy mulqwn jwx bwry iek swKI mShUr hY[ jdoN gurU swihb mulqwn gey qW auQoN dy pIrW &kIrW ny gurU swihb nUM duD dw n`ko-n`k BirAw iek ipAwlw pyS kIqw[ ies dw mqlb ieh sI ik mulqwn pihloN hI pIrW &kIrW nwl BirAw Sihr hY Aqy eyQy hor pIr nhIN smwA skdw[ gurU nwnk swihb ny iek Pu~l dI p~qI aus duD au~qy itkw idqI[ ies dw mqlb ieh sI ik jy n~ko-nk Bry duD dy ipAwly ‟qy iek Pu~l dI p~qI itk skdI hY qW pIrW &kIrW dy Sihr ivc „pIrW dw pIr‟ bwbw nwnk vI soB skdw hY[ mulqwn ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy bhwau~dIn m^dUm ivc keI vwr Drm crcw hoeI[ ies mOky ‟qy bhuq swry pIr-&kIr vI crcw ivc Swiml ho ky rUhwnI ielm dw AnMd ilAw krdy sn[ kuJ idn gurU swihb au~Qy rhy Aqy Pyr A~gy vl tur pey[
au¤c SrI&
mulqwn qoN cl ky gurU swihb au~c (hux au~c SrI&) ngr ivc ruky[ au~c ngr vI muslmwn pIrW &kIrW dw Sihr mMinAw jWdw sI[ ies ngr ivc sXd jlwludIn bu^wrI „sur^ poS‟ (1199-1291) dI g~dI dI bVI mwnqw sI[ au~Qy gurU swihb jlwl bu^wrI dy g~dIdwr Sy^ hwjI Abdul gu&wrI kol Tihry[ aus nwl gurU swihb ny Drm crcw kIqI[ kuJ idn gurU swihb au~Qy rhy Aqy Pyr A~gy cl pey[ au~c ngr iv~c 1947 qk gurU nwnk swihb dIAW KVwvW, bYrwgn, p~Qr dy kVy, gurj qy l~kV dI byVI peIAW sn[ hux ieh ngr pwiksqwn ivc hY[
hnumwngVH, kolwieq, poKrn, bIkwnyr qy lKpq
au~c qoN gurU nwnk swihb (qkrIbn 160 iklomItr dUr) Btnyr (hux hnumwngVH) pu`jy[ ie`Qy pVwA krn mgroN Awp (270 iklomItr dUr) kolwieq pu`jy[ kolwieq ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek AwlISwn gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ kolwieq qoN gurU jI (178 iklomItr dUr) poKrn gey[ ie`Qy gurU jI ny lokW nUM s`cy rm dI isiKAw dw sbk id`qw[ ie`Qy l`gy borf „qy vI iek krwmwqI g`p khwxI ilKI hoeI hY ik mrdwny nUM Bu`K l`gI qW gurU swihb ny aus nUM A`k dy bUty qoN KKVIAW qoV ky Kwx vwsqy ikhw, pr nwl hI ikhw ik vwDU nwl nw bMnHIN[ mrdwnw kihx l`gw qusIN mzwk pey krdy ho, ieh qW A`k dy bUty hn! gurU jI ny ikhw qUM Kw ky qW vyK[ mrdwny ny jd KwDIAW qW aus nUM suAwd l`gIAW qy aus ny kuJ qoV ky nwl vI bMnH leIAW[ Agly Blk jd bMnHIAW KKVIAW Kwx l`gw qW suL (drd) auT ipAw qW gurU jI ny aus nUM ikhw ik qYnUM ikhw sI ik nwl nw bMnHIN[ iPr gurU jI ny ^ud Awp iek hor A`k dy bUty qoN hor KKVI qoVI qy mrdwny nUM KuAw id`qI qy auh nO-br-nO ho igAw[ ies g`p khwxI ivc mrdwny vrgy mhwn sMgIqkwr dw mzwk aufwieAw hoieAw hY; aus nUM Bu`Kw Aqy lwlcI d`isAw hoieAw hY[ ieho ijhIAW mnGVq g`p khwxIAW keI gurduAwirAW dy borfW ‟qy ilKIAW hoeIAW hn[
poKrn qoN gurU swihb (219 iklomItr dUr) bIkwnyr gey[ bIkwnyr ngr 1488 ivc rwE bIkw ny vswieAw sI[ sB qoN pihlW aus ny iek iklHw auswirAw sI (ijs nUM jUnwgVH iklHw dy nW nwl jwixAw jWdw hY)
bIkwnyr ivc gurU jI ijs jgh bYTy sn auQy iek in`kw ijhw sq nwrwiex mMdr hY (ies nUM KqrIAW dw mMdr vI ikhw jWdw hY)[ ies mMdr dy AMdr gurU jI dy bYTx dI jgh „qy, aunHW dy nW „qy iek QVHw bixAw hoieAw hY; ies nUM gurU jI dI CqrI vI kihMdy hn[ ies „qy iek in`kw ijhw inSwn swihb vI l`gw hoieAw hY Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp vI mOjUd hY[ gurU nwnk purb „qy bIkwnyr dy is`K iek ngr kIrqn k`Fdy hn jo ieQy jw ky ^qm huMdw hY[ auN\ bIkwnyr ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw vI bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dI nINh 1924 ivc r`KI geI sI[ ies ivc XwqrUAW vwsqy iek srW vI bxI hoeI hY[
bIkwnyr qoN jYslmyr huMdy hoey gurU nwnk swihb Ajoky gujrwq sUby dy k~C ielwky ivc bsqw bMdr bMdrgwh ‟qy gey[ Aj klH ies dw nW lKpq hY qy hux ieh iek aujiVAw hoieAw ksbw hY[ iksy zmwny ivc ieh bhuq v`fI bMdrgwh sI qy ie`Qy Awaux vwly swmwn qoN iek idn dI AwmdnI iek l`K koVIAW sI[ ie`Qy cwvl dI bhuq vDIAw KyqI hoieAw krdI sI[ 1801 ivc jmWdwr &qih muhMmd ny ie`Qy iek bhuq v`fw iklHw, 7 iklomItr rkby ivc, bxwieAw sI[ pr 1819 ivc iek BUcwl ny ies Sihr nUM qbwh kr id`qw qy hux ies nUM „BUqW dw Sihr‟ ikhw jWdw hY[ ie`QoN dI AwbwdI isr& cwr swFy cwr sO dy krIb hY[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dw gurduAwrw, pIr muhMMmd kUbo dw mkbrw Aqy iklHy dy KMfrW qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN hY[
gurU nwnk swihb lKpq ivc 1518 ivc Awey sn[ ie~Qy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek bhuq purwxw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dI iemwrq gurduAwirAW ivcoN Swied sB qoN purwxI hY[ (ieh gurduAwrw AwrikAwlojI mihkmy v`loN sur`iKAq kOmI ^zwnw AYlwinAw hoeAw hY) ie`Qy gurU jI dIAW KVwvW peIAW hox dw dwAvw vI kIqw jWdw hY[ ienHW dy nwl hI ieh iemwrq bxwaux vwly dIAW KVwvW vI gurU gRMQ swihb dy nyVy rKIAW hoeIAW hn jo gurU gRMQ swihb dI Gor byAdbI hY[
m`kw: „r`b hr QW mOjUd hY‟ smJwauxw
kuJ icr lKpq rukx mgroN gurU swihb m~ky jwx vwsqy A~gy tur pey[ie~QoN gurU swihb ny byVI rwhIN s&r kIqw sI[ gurU swihb dy zmwny ivc m~ky jwx vwsqy son imAwnI qoN mskt Aqy Asl Asvd qk byVI dw s&r kIqw jWdw sI[ Asl Asvd j~dw qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr hY[ gurU nwnk swihb, Swied, Asl Asvd dy rsqy hI m~kw gey sn[ gurU nwnk swihb dsMbr 1518 ivc m~kw pu~jy sn[ aus swl h~j 20 dsMbr nUM sI[ audoN ZYr muslmwn m`kw ngr ivc jw skdy sn (pr kwAbw dI msijd ivc nhIN); pr vIhvIN sdI dy A`D ivc aunHW dy jwx „qy pwbMdI lw id`qI geI sI[
gurU nwnk swihb dI m~kw PyrI bwry do swKIAW bhuq mShUr hn[ pihlI swKI ieh hY ik jdoN gurU nwnk swihb au~c qoN m~ky vl cly sn qW mulqwn dy m^dUm bhwau~dIn Aqy au~c dy hwjI Abdul bu^wrI vI aunHW nwl c`ly sn[ auh dovyN ^uSkI dy rsqy qoN (eIrwn, eIrwk dy rsqy) m~ky gey sn qy gurU nwnk swihb smuMdr dy rsqy byVI rwhIN m~ky gey[ byVI rwhIN m~ky dw s&r CyqI qYA ho jWdw hY[ so, gurU swihb pihloN phuMc gey Aqy dovyN muslmwn g~dIdwr mgroN pujy[ gurU nwnk swihb nUM pihloN pu~jw vyK ky aunHW ny ieh smiJAw ik gurU nwnk swihb iksy ZYbI qwkq nwl au~f ky m~ky pujy hn[
dUjI swKI muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb rwq sOx vyly kwAby vl pYr kr ky sON gey[ qVky jdoN jIvx nW dy iek hwjI ny gurU swihb nUM kwAby vl pYr kr ky su~qy vyiKAw qW aus ny pYr nwl gurU swihb nUM ihlwieAw Aqy AwiKAw ik qusIN r~b dy Gr vl pYr kr ky su~qy pey ho[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik ieslwm qW kihMdw hY ik ^udw qW au~l-AwlmIn (Xwin, r`b swry pwsy mOjUd) hY[ pr iPr vI jy quhwfw idl nhIN mMndw qW BweI myry pYr aus pwsy vl kr dy ijs pwsy ^udw dw Gr nhIN[ ies qy jIvx ny gurU swihb dy pYr PV ky scmuc dUjy pwsy kr id`qyy[ gurU swihb ny jIvx nUM puiCAw ik ijs pwsy vl myry pYr kIqy hn kI aus pwsy v~l rb nhIN hY? jIvx kol koeI jvwb nhIN sI[ A^Ir jIvx ny hiQAwr sut idqy qy gurU swihb qoN muAw&I mMgI[ gurU swihb ny hwzr lokW nUM kurwn ‟coN iek Awieq suxw ky smJwieAw ik „r`b aul AwlmIn‟ (hr QW mOjUd) hY[ ies Gtnw nUM „m`kw Pyrnw‟ wK ky Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[
ies kOqk mgroN lok gurU swihb dy duAwly juV gey Aqy Drm crcw krn lg pey[ aunHW ‟coN iek ny puiCAw ik “ikqwb” (i&lws&I) muqwibk (&ls&y muqwibk) ihMdU v~fw hY ik muslmwn? gurU nwnk swihb ny AwiKAw iksy vI Drm vwly mW-bwp dy Gr jMm pYx nwl AwdmI Cotw jW v~fw nhIN huMdw[ jo ienswn s`c dy rsqy ‟qy cldw hY, Drm ‟qy pUrw Aml krdw hY Aqy s~c dI izMdgI jINdw hY, auhI v~fw hY[ isr& bwhrI pihrwvw rKxw qy krm kWf Drm nhIN[ Asl Drm hY: s~c dI izdgI jIxw[
A`j klH kuJ muslmwnW ny prcwr SurU kIqw hoieAw hY ik gurU nwnk swihb m`ky nhIN gey sn Aqy jy gey sn qW auh iek muslmwn vjoN gey hoxgy[ drAsl ieh lok A`j dy ihswb nwl g`l krdy hn[ hux m`kw ivc koeI ZYr muslmwn nhIN jw skdw jd ik do sO swl pihlW AijhI koeI pwbMdI nhIN sI; audoN eIsweI vI jw cuky sn[ dUjw audoN m`ky ivc ZYr muslmwnW „qy nhIN blik bUq pUjx vwilAW „qy (audoN Arb dy bhuqy lok buq pUjdy huMdy sn) pwbMdI sI qy gurU nwnk swihb bu`q pUjx dy mu^wil& sn[ kurwn ivc (surw 9, Awieq 28 ivc, pMjwbI qrjmw, s&w 409 „qy) iliKAw hY ik “hy SrDwlIE! muSirk lok (buq pUjx vwly) XkInn plIq hn (Xwin aunHW dy idl su`cy nhIN hn); ies kr ky ies swl qoN mgroN aunHW nUM pwik msIq (kwby) ivc nw vVn id`qw jwvy[” ies ivc sw& izkr hY ik “msIq dy AMdr” nw vVn id`qw jwvy[ pr hux dy vhwbIAW ny swrw Sihr hI bYn kr id`qw hY[ ieh lok ieh vI nhIN jwxdy ik kurwn SrI& ivc qW ieh vI iliKAw hY ik hzrq muhMmd ny qW iekrmw vrgy ZYr muslmwn nUM m`ky ivc rihx dI iejwzq vI id`qI hoeI sI (sUrq 9, Awieq 2, pMjwbI qrjmw s&w 396)[
mdInw
gurU nwnk swihb kuJ idn m~ky rhy qy Pyr mdIny vl cly gey[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik auh Awp Sihr dy AMdr nhIN gey qy aunHW BweI mrdwnw nUM mdIny dI izAwrq krn vwsqy Byj id~qw hovygw[ gurU nwnk swihb dI mdIny Sihr ‟c jwx jW au~Qy Drm crcw krn jW iksy hor Gtnw dw iksy somy ivc izkr nhIN imldw[
mdInw qoN gurU swihb pMjwb vl vwips cl pey[ gurU swihb ny ies vwr smuMdr dI bjwey ^uSkI dw rwh cuixAw[ mOjUdw kuvYq dy ielwky ivcoN lMGdy hoey gurU swihb bgdwd dy Sihr bsrw p`ujy[ kuJ icr bsrw rukx mgroN Awp krblw huMdy hoey bgdwd vl cl pey[ m~kw qoN mdInw qkrIbn 480 iklomItr hY, mdInw qoN bsrw koeI 1000 iklomItr hY qy bsrw qoN krblw 250 iklomItr hY[ krblw qoN bgdwd isr& 100 iklomItr rih jWdw hY[ bgdwd ivc aunHIN idnIN eIrwn dy bwdSwh AbU Al-muz`&r ibn hYdr As-s&vI (17.7.1487 – 23.5.1524), ijs nUM Swh iesmweIl vI kihMdy hn, dI hkUmq sI[ aus ny julweI 1501 ivc AzrbweIjW dy bwdSwh nUM hrwieAw qy bwkU qy kbzw kr ilAw qy Awp bwdSwh bx bYTw[ aus ny qbrIz nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxieAw sI[ 1509 qk aus ny swry ierwk qy ierwn „qy vI kbzw kr ilAw hoieAw sI[ auh bVw D~kw-Kor SIAw muslmwn sI; lok aus qoN bhuq duKI sn[ pr, auh iek cMgw AdIb vI sI; aus ny 1450 nzmW ilKIAW sn[
bZdwd : l`KW pwqwl qy l`KW Awsmwn
bgdwd phuMc ky gurU swihb Sihr dy bwhr aus jgh ruky ijQy Aj klH bgdwd dw rylvy stySn hY[ ies dy nyVy hI iek purwxw kbirsqwn vI hY[ gurU swihb ny kuJ icr Arwm krn mgroN kIrqn SurU kr idqw[ kIrqn dI Awvwz ‟qy lok iek~Ty ho gey[ gurU swihb ny Sbd gWivAw:
pwqwlw pwqwl lK Awgwsw Awgws[...
kIrqn dI Awvwz sux ky keI lok iek`Ty ho gey[ ienHW ivc iek isAwxw muslmwn pIr dsqgIr vI sI[ gurU swihb dy ies slok qy pIr dsqgIr ny gurU swihb nwl crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik ijvyN ieslwm AwKdw hY ik r~b sqvyN Awsmwn qy rihMdw hY, ies nwl qW r~b dI qwkq dI h~d bMnHI jWdI hY, Xwin jy r`b sqvyN Awsmwn ‟qy hY qW auh hr QW mOjUd nhIN ho skdw[ jd ik r`b dI mOjUdgI qy r~b dI qwkq nUM im~iQAw nhIN jw skdw[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM ieh vI smJwieAw ik isr& s`q Awsmwn nhIN hn, ieh qW l`KW (byAMq) Awsmwn qy pwqwl hn[ pIr dsqgIr ny dUjw nukqw sMgIq (kIrqn) dw auTwieAw[ auh AwKx lgw ik ieslwm ivc srod (sMgIq) mnHw hY[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM d`isAw ik r~b dI mihmw gwaux vwsqy qW kIrqn rUhwnI ^urwk hY[ ieslwm srod nUM ies kr ky mnHw krdw hY ik ieh Sihvq qy hor burweIAW vl tordw hY[ r~b dI mihmw vwsqy kIrqn nUM Awm srod nwl nhIN mylxw cwhIdw[ ies ‟qy pIr dsqgIr dI qs~lI hoeI[ pIr dsqgIr ny gurU swihb dI Azmq A~gy isr JukwieAw[ aunHW idnW ivc bihlol nW dw iek PkIr vI au~Qy rihMdw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb dI is~KI Dwrn kIqI[ iek somy muqwibk bihlol, aus mgroN 60 swl qk ijaUNdw irhw Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dI is~iKAw Aqy aunHW dI Azmq dw prcwr krdw irhw[ aus ny gurU swihb dI Xwd iv~c iek QVHw bxwieAw qy iek p~Qr aukrvw ky au~Qy lw idqw[ hux au~Qy mOjUd nhIN hY[ aus au~qy qurkI zbwn iv~c aukrI iebwrq dw pMjwbI qrjmw ieM\ hY:
“vyKo mhwn r~b ny murwd pUrI kIqI[ bwbw nwnk drvyS vwsqy nvIN iemwrq iqAwr hoeI[ ies dy bxwaux iv~c s~q r~bI drvySW ny mdd kIqI[ ^uSnsIb cyly ny zmIn „coN pwxI dw nvW prvwh clwieAw[”
ies p~Qr qy 927 ihjrI dI qwrIK aukrI hoeI hY[ 927 ihjrI cwlU kYlMfr dw 1520 sMnH bxdw hY[ 1518 iv~c h~j 20 dsMbr nUM sI[ m`kw qoN bZdwd pYdl jwx vwsqy svw ku swl lg jwxw mwmUlI g`l hY[ ies kr ky gurU nwnk swihb bgdwd ivc 1520 dIAW grmIAW ivc phuMcy hoxgy[ ikhw jWdw hY ik Aj klH vI ierwk ivc iek i&rkw Aijhw hY jo gurU nwnk swihb nUM Awpxw pIr mMndy hn[ auh lok dwVHI kys vI rKdy hn qy Awpxy Awp nUM muslmwn vI nhIN mMndy[ aunHW ivcoN bhuqy suinAwr dw kMm krdy hn[ ho skdw hY ik ieh lok BweI bihlol dI AOlwd ivcoN hox jW aus dy prcwr sdkw isK sjy hox[
qbrIz, mShd, bl&, jlwlwbwd
kuJ idn bgdwd ivc Tihrx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb krmnSwh qy hmydwn huMdy hoey (876 iklomItr dUr) eIrwn dy Sihr qihrwn gey[
iPr qihrwn qoN Awp (896 iklomItr dUr) mShd huMdy hoey (463 iklomItr dUr) A&Zwinsqwn dy Sihr hYrwq pu~jy[ kuJ icr hYrwq ivc rukx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb 811 iklomItr dUr) A&gwinsqwn dy ngr kwbl vl tur pey[ kwbl nUM bwbr ny 1518 iv~c ijiqAw sI[ 1520 ivc au~Qy ausy dI hkUmq sI[ kwbl ivc pwn cOk ju~bw ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ 1947 qoN mgroN A&gwn hkUmq ny iek sVk bxwaux vyly ies nUM Fwh id~qw sI[ mgroN is~KW ny iek hor jgh „qy iek nvW gurduAwrw bxwieAw sI[kwbl qoN gurU nwnk swihb (155 iklomItr dUr) jlwlwbwd pu`jy[jlwlwbwd ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek Swndwr gurduAwrw mOjUd hY)[
kwbl qy jlwlwbwd ivc bhuq purwxy smyN qoN hI is`K vsdy rhy hn[ 1990 qoN pihlW A&Zwinsqwn ivc 50 hzwr qoN vD is`K rihMdy sn, pr hux isr& 800 prvwr (3000 jxy) hI rih gey hn[ kimaUinstW Aqy qwilbwn dI hkUmq mgroN eyQoN bhuq is~K ieMglYNf, pwiksqwn, Bwrq qy hor dySW ivc cly gey sn[
ipSwvr
kuJ idn jlwlwbwd ivc rukx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb piksqwn dy Sihr lMfI koql huMdy hoey (130 iklomItr dUr) ipSwvr vl cl pey[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ie~Qy gurU nwnk swihb dw sB qoN vDIAw swQI, Awpxy zmwny dw sB qoN v~fw-sMgIqkwr, BweI mrdwnw cVHweI kr igAw[ gurU swihb ny AwpxI h~QIN BweI mrdwnw nUM d&nwieAw[ BweI mrdwnw nUM ijs jgh (Swhkot ipMf) d&nwieAw igAw sI, 1947 qk aus dy nyVy BweI mrdwnw dI Xwd iv~c iek gurduAwrw vI bixAw hoieAw sI[ pr bhuqy qvwrI^I somy ieh mMndy hn ik BweI mrdwny dI mOq, ies qoN keI swl mgroN, krqwrpur (rwvI dy kMFy) ivc hoeI sI[
kuJ idn ipSwvr ivc rihx mgroN nOSihrw, Atk, rwvlipMfI qy gujrKwn huMdy hoey gurU nwnk swihb (265 iklomItr dUr) dInw ipMf (ijhlm qoN 21 iklomItr dUr) pu`jy[ ie`QoN Awp 7 iklomItr dUr, 3200 Pu`t aucI phwVI „qy it`lw jogIAW, ijs nUM gorK htVI vI kihMdy hn „qy gey[ it`lw jogIAW ikauNik iek bhuq aucI phwVI hY ies kr ky ie`QoN bhuq ^UbsUrq nzwrw nzr AwauNdw hY[ ie`QoN mMfI bhwaudIn, ijhlm, gujrw qy ckvwl dy ielwikAW qy rohqws iklHy dw idRS mwixAw jw skdw hY[ muZlq bwdSwh jhWgIr ies jgh „qy keI vwr AwieAw sI[
gorK htVI aunHW idnW ivc jogIAW dw iek mShUr sYNtr sI[ ie~Qy iek bVw v~fw, koeI 30 ku mItr au~cw, ip~pl dw dr^q sI[ iksy zmwny ivc ieh boDIAW dw iek v`fw sYNtr vI irhw sI[ boDIAW dy zvwl (pqn) mgroN ies jgh qy gorKpMQI jogIAW ny vI Awpxw fyrw bxw ilAw sI[ gorK htVI ivc jogIAW ny gurU swihb nwl gRihsqI qy audwsI nukiqAW bwry Drm crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik dunIAW C`f dyxw Drm nhIN hY; Drm dw rsqw qW „ivcy gRihsq audws‟ vwlw hY[ Asl Drm hY: „dunIAW ivc rihMidAW mwieAw jwl qoN idlgIr‟ rihxw[ kuJ icr gorK htVI rihx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb A~gy cl pey[ gorK htVI ivc vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw huMdw sI[
sYdpur (eymnwbwd): bwbr dy hmly dw hwl vyKxw
gorK htVI qoN cl ky gurU swihb (117 iklomItr dUr) sYdpur (hux eymnwbwd) ruky (gujrWvwlw qoN 15 iklomItr dUr hY)[ ie~Qy gurU swihb dy murId BweI lwlo qy BweI Bwgo rihMdy sn[ jdoN gurU swihb sYdpur phuMcy qW Sihr aujwV bixAw ipAw sI[ jdoN bwbr ny hmlw kIqw qW ies Sihr dy pTwx hwkmW ny bwbr dw twkrw kIqw pr hwr gey[ bwbr ny ies Sihr nUM ij~qx mgroN lu~itAw Aqy bwAd ivc qbwh kr idqw sI[ swry Aihlkwr, AmIr qy hwkm igR&qwr kr ky jylH ivc sut idqy sn[ eys hwlq bwry gurU nwnk swihb ny do Sbd ilKy[ kuJ lyKkW v~loN ienHW SbdW nUM ZlqI nwl „bwbr vwxI‟ iliKAw jWdw hY[:
jYsI mY AwvY Ksm kI bwxI qYsVw krI igAwnu vy lwlo] pwp kI jM\ lY kwblhu DwieAw jorI mMgY dwnu vy lwlo] srmu Drmu duie Cip Kloey kUVu iPrY prDwnu vy lwlo] kwjIAw bwmxw kI gl QkI Agdu pVY sYqwnu vy lwlo] muslmwnIAw pVih kqybw kst mih krih Kudwie vy lwlo] jwiq snwqI hoir ihdvwxIAw eyih BI lyKY lwie vy lwlo] KUn ky soihly gwvIAih nwnk rqu kw kuMgU pwie vy lwlo] swihb ky gux nwnku gwvY mws purI ivic AwKu msolw] ijin aupweI rMig rvweI bYTw vyKY viK iekylw] scw so swihbu scu qpwvsu scVw inAwau krygu msolw]kwieAw kpVu tuku tuku hosI ihdusqwnu smwlsI bolw] Awvin ATqrY jwin sqwnvY horu BI auTsI mrd kw cylw] sc kI bwxI nwnku AwKY scu suxwiesI sc kI bylw] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 722)
Kurwswn Ksmwnw kIAw ihMdusqwnu frwieAw] AwpY dosu n dyeI krqw jmu kir muglu cVwieAw] eyqI mwr peI krlwxy qYN kI drdu n AwieAw] krqw qUM sBnw kw soeI] jy skqw skqy kau mwry qw min rosu n hoeI] skqw sIhu mwry pY vgY KsmY sw pursweI] rqn ivgwiV ivgoey kuqˆØI muieAw swr n kweI] Awpy joiV ivCoVy Awpy vyKu qyrI vifAweI] jy ko nwau Drwey vfw swd kry min Bwxy] KsmY ndrI kIVw AwvY jyqy cugY dwxy] mir mir jIvY qw ikCu pwey nwnk nwmu vKwxy] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 360)
iek irvwieq muqwibk bwbr dy hukm nwl gurU nwnk swihb nUM vI igR&qwr kIqw igAw pr mgroN bwbr ny ies nUM Zlq mihsUs kr ky Awp nUM CyqI hI irhw kr idqw sI (pr ieh shI nhIN jwpdw ikauNik gurU nwnk swihb bwbr dy hmly qoN kw&I mhIny mgroN sYdpur pu~jy sn)[ sYdpur nUM mgroN Syr Swh sUr ny Pyr vswieAw qy ies dw nW SyrgVH riKAw sI[ 1582 iv~c ies nUM Akbr dy iek Aihlkwr muhMmd AmIn ny muV Awbwd kIqw qy AYmnwbwd riKAw)[ gurU nwnk swihb kuJ idn au~Qy rhy Aqy Pyr Awpxy ipMf rwey Boie dI qlvMfI (nwnkwxw swihb) muV Awey[
audwsIAW mgroN krqwrpur vswauxw
gurU nwnk swihb dI pihlI audwsI AkqUbr 1507 qoN SurU ho ky 1510 qk, dUjI audwsI 1511 qoN 1514 qk Aqy qIjI 1514 qoN 1516 qk qy cOQI 1517 qoN 1521 qk clI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny ienHW iqMnW audwsIAW ivc 14 swl qoN vDyry smW Drm prcwr dy s&r iv~c ibqwieAw[ 1522 ivc gurU nwnk swihb ny AwpxIAW lMMmIAW audwsIAW ^qm kr idqIAW sn qy audwsIAW vwlw pihrwvw auqwr idqw sI[ ies dI qweId BweI gurdws ny vI AwpxI pihlI vwr dI 38vIN pauVI ivc kIqI hY:
iPir bwbw AwieAw krqwrpuir, ByKu audwsI sgl auqwrw[ pihir sMswrI kpVy, mMjI bYiT kIAw Avqwrw[
1522 ivc vwips muVn mgroN gurU nwnk swihb kuJ idn qlvMfI rhy sn Aqy
Pyr Awpxy shuirAW dy ipMf p~Koky vl gey[ p~Koky rwvI dy dUjy kMFy ‟qy sI[ rwvI dy ies kMfy ‟qy aujwV jgh sI[ gurU swihb nUM auh jgh psMd Aw geI[ Awp ny au~Qy nvW ipMf vswaux dw PYslw kIqw[ eyQy dodw goq dw iek j~t rihMdw sI[ auh Aqy aus dI GrvwlI gurU swihb nUM du`D CkwieAw krdy sn[ gurU swihb kuJ idn au~Qy rhy[ kuJ icr mgroN aunHW auh zmIn ^rId leI Aqy ie`Qy rihxw SurU kIqw[ aunHW ny ies dw nW “krqwrpur” riKAw[ jdoN lwhOr dy BweI dunI cMd nUM ieh pqw lgw qW auh vI krqwrpur AwieAw[ aus ny Awpxy ^rc ‟qy sMgqW vwsqy srW vI bxvw idqI[ hOlI hOlI krqwrpur ‟c bhuq swry is~K vI Aw ky eyQy rihx lg pey[iek idn dirAw dy dUjy pwr dy ipMf p~Koky dw cODrI Aij~qw rMDwvw gurU nwnk swihb kol AwieAw[ BweI Aij~qw rMDwvw ny gurU nwnk swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ pihlI bYTk iv~c hI BweI Aij~qw rMDwvw gurU swihb dw is~K bx igAw[ (A`j klH p~Koky ipMf fyrw bwbw nwnk dw ih~sw hY)[
aubwry ^wn qy Abdul rihmwn nwm myl
BwvyN gurU nwnk swihb v~fIAW audwsIAW kr Awey sn Aqy hux krqwrpur hI rihx lg pey sn; pr iPr vI auh Awly duAwly dy ielwky iv~c Drm pRcwr vwsqy jWdy rihMdy sn[ iek idn Awp rwvI dirAw pwr kr ky btwlw vl gey[ rsqy ivc Awp ipMf jOVIAW ivc ruky[ au~Qy aubwry ^wn nW dw iek pTwx gurU swihb nUM imilAw[ auh pu~Cx lgw, bwbw jI qusIN ihMdU ho jW muslmwn? gurU swihb ny disAw ik AsIN nw ihMdU hW nw muslmwn[ swrI dunIAW r~b dI bxweI hoeI hY[ swnUM isr& aus “r~b dy bMdy” hI bxnw cwhIdw hY[ cMgy ienswn bxnw swfw pihlw &rz hY Aqy iehI s~cw Drm hY[ BweI aubwry ^wn gurU swihb dw murId bx igAw[ auh ijQy vI jWdw gurU swihb dI soBw krdw[ iesy ipMf iv~c Abdul rihmwn nW dw iek hor muslmwn vI rihMdw sI[ auh iek v~fw zmINdwr sI[ aus nUM psMd nhIN sI ik aubwry ^wn iksy ZYr-muslmwn dI is&q kry[ iek idn Abdul rihmwn vI gurU swihb kol AwieAw Aqy aus ny vI auh svwl kIqw ik qusIN ihMdU ho jW muslmwn? gurU swihb ny aus nUM disAw ik AsIN nw ihMdU hW qy nw muslmwn[ AsIN isr& ie~k r~b dI iebwdq krn vwly hW[ aus vwihgurU ny swrI dunIAW Awpxy nUr nwl bxweI hY[ swnUM qW hr S^s ivc vwihgurU dw nUr hI nzr AwauNdw hY[ gurU swihb dI sMgq ivc bYTx mgroN BweI Abdul rihmwn vI gurU swihb dw is~K bx igAw[
Acl vtwlw ivc is`DW nwl crcw
krqwrpur rihMidAW iek vwr gurU swihb Acl vtwlw vI gey[ Acl vtwlw, btwlw ksby qoN 6 ku iklomItr dUr, mOjUdw btwlw-jlMDr rof ‟qy hY[ aunHW idnW ivc ie~Qy is~D jogIAW dw bVw v~fw fyrw sI[ jogIAW qoN pihlW au~Qy nyVy hI iek iSv mMdr vI sI[ (mgroN AOrMgzyb ny ies mMdr dy buq quVvw ky mMdr nUM qbwh kr idqw sI[ hux vwlw mMdr 1854 ivc bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies nvyN mMdr dI pirkrmw ivc iek qsvIr vI bxweI geI sI[ ies qsvIr ivc is~D jogI bYT ky gurU swihb qoN isiKAw lY rhy sn[ hux auh qsvIr imt cukI hY)[
aus idn 28 jnvrI 1530 dI qwrI^ sI Aqy ihMdU iSvrwqrI dw mylw mnw rhy sn[ au~Qy kuJ gv~eIey vI Awey hoey sn[ aunHW nUM pqw lgw ik ijs bwbw nwnk jI dI rcI bwxI dw kIrqn Gr-Gr ivc huMdw hY, auh Acl vtwly Awey hoey hn[ aunHW ny gurU jI dy SbdW dw kIrqn SurU kr idqw[ kIrqn sux ky lok au~Qy juVny SurU ho gey[ jdoN lokW nUM pqw lgw ik gurU swihb vI au~Qy hn qW swrI ^lkq aunHW gv~eIAW nUM C~f ky gurU swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy iek~TI ho geI[
jdoN is~DW nUM pqw lgw ik swry SrDwlU qW gurU swihb vl jw rhy hn qW auh bhuq iKJy Aqy iek~Ty ho ky gurU swihb vl Awey[ is~DW ny Aw ky gurU swihb nwl crcw SurU kr idqI[ aunHW ikhw ik “gurU swihb qusIN audwsI ByK C~f ky gRihsqI ikauN ho gey ho? ieh qW ijvyN koeI du~D ivc kWjI pw dyvy[ kWjI pwieAW du~D ny ^rwb qW hoxw hI hY[” gurU nwnk swihb ny jvwb idqw, “jy BWfy sw& hox qW duD nhIN iP`tdw[ ieM\ hI jy kr mn qy buD sw& rihx qW ienswn r`b dw nW jp ky mukqI hwisl krdw hY[ dUjy pwsy jogI qW sMswrIAW dI dOlq qy hI pldy hn[ aunW dIAW ibrqIAW TIk nhI rih skdIAW[” is~DW ny Pyr svwl kIqw ik “irVkx vwlI m~Kx k~Fxw cwhuMdI sI pr m~Kx nhIN inkilAw qy iGE nhIN bixAw[ ies ivc ksUr iks dw hY: BWfy dw, du~D dw jW iPr irVkx vwlI dw?” ies dw Bwv ieh sI ik irVkx vwlI gurU hY, BWfw jIv hY, du~D rUhwnI ielm hY Aqy iGE r~b dI pRwpqI hY[ jy cyly dw r~b nwl myl nhIN huMdw qW ksUr gurU dw hY jW cyly dw jW aus gurU vloN idqy ielm dw[ gurU swihb ny jvwb idqw, “jy BWfw sw& nw hovy qW du~D Ptxw hI hY[” Bwv ieh ik BWfw qW hI sw& rih skdw hY jy kr ienswn gurU dI m~q ‟qy Aml kry[ isr& rUhwnI ielm hoxw Aqy krm kWf krnw iksy kMm nhIN Aw skdw[ gurU dI isiKAw qy Aml kIiqAW hI r~b nwl myl ho skdw hY[:
BWfw hCw soie jo iqsu BwvsI ] BWfw Aiq mlIxu Doqw hCw n hoiesI] gurU duAwrY hoie soJI pwiesI ] eyqu duAwrY Doie hCw hoiesI] mYly hCy kw vIcwru Awip vrqwiesI ] mqu ko jwxY jwie AgY pwiesI] jyhy krm kmwie qyhw hoiesI ] AMimRqu hir kw nwau Awip vrqwiesI] cilAw piq isau jnmu svwir vwjw vwiesI ] mwxsu ikAw vycwrw iqhu lok suxwiesI ] nwnk Awip inhwl siB kul qwrsI]
(gurU swihb Aqy is~DW dI ieh crcw “isD goSit” bwxI ivc s&w 729-30 ‟qy drj hY)[
jdoN gurU swihb dy jvwb ‟qy is~D lwjvwb ho gey[ aunHW gurU swihb nUM irDIAW, isDIAW, jwdU, mMqr, krwmwq ivKwaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM AwiKAw ik isr& „vwihgurU dw nW jpxw (Xwin vwihgurU nUM hr vyly Xwd rKxw)‟ hI dunIAW ivc ie`ko-iek irDI-isDI, jwdU-mMqr jW krwmwq hY[ ies qoN v~D ky koeI qwkq nhIN ies qy is~DW ny Awpxy mMqrW qy irDIAW-isDIAW dy Cl dy pKMf nwl gurU swihb nUM frwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ pr auh rUhwnIAq dI qwkq A~gy nwkwmXwb rhy[ AKIr aunHW ny gurU swihb dI hsqI A~gy isr Jukw idqw[
Acl vtwlw ivc jogIAW dy fyry dy nyVy iek au~cI jgh, ijQy gurU swihb bYTy sn, au~Qy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie~Qy iek purwxI byrI vI hY ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh gurU swihb dy vyly dI hY[
Acl vtwlw qoN gurU swihb ikVI A&gwnW ipMf ivc vI gey[ ie~Qy pTwxW dy bhuq Gr sn[ ieh pTwx vI gurU swihb dy is~K bx gey[ pTwxW kol kuJ idn rihx mgroN gurU swihb Pyr krqwrpur prq gey[
BweI lihxw dw krqwrpur Awauxw
ienHW idnW iv~c hI KfUr ipMf qoN kuJ lok iKAwlI (kwlpink) vYSno dyvI dy mMdr nUM jWdy hoey krqwrpur ruky[ aunHW iv~c iek BweI lihxw vI sI[ BweI lihxw gurU nwnk swihb dI isiKAw qoN eynw Asr-AMdwz hoieAw ik aus ny dyvI dI mUrqI dw iKAwl idl iv`coN k`F id`qw[ aus ny smJ ilAw ik gurU nwnk swihb dI isiKAw ivc hI s`cw Drm hY[ ies kr ky aus ny mMdr jwx dw ierwdw bdl idqw Aqy auh gurU swihb dw murId bx igAw[ BweI lihxw ny hux krqwrpur hI rihxw SurU kr idqw[ ieh g`l AprYl 1532 dI hY[ (gurU) AMgd swihb ny s`q swl, pMj mhIny qy s`q idn gurU nwnk swihb dI sMgq ivc ibqwey[
bwbw bu`Fw nwl myl
iek vwrI gurU nwnk swihb AMimRqsr izly dy iek ipMf k~QU nMgl dy nyiVEN lMG rhy sn[ au~Qy iek muMfw fMgr cwr irhw sI[ gurU swihb nUM vyK ky auh nyVy Aw igAw[ aus ny gurU swihb nwl g~lW SurU kr id~qIAW[ jdoN auh gurU swihb nwl g~lW kr irhw sI qW aus dw bwp au~Qy Aw igAw[ aus ny puiCAw, “bwbw jI ieh b~cw Awp nwl kI g~lW kr irhw hY?” gurU swihb ny aus nUM d~isAw ik “qyrw bytw bVIAW isAwxIAW g~lW krdw hY[” auh AwKx lgw, “mYnUM lgdw hY ik myrw bytw bu~iFAW vrgIAW g~lW krdw hY[” auh muMfw AwKx lgw, “bwbw jI Coty vI qW isAwxIAW g~lW kr skdy hn[ jdoN A~g lgdI hY qW in~kIAW lkVW nUM A~g pihloN lgdI hY Aqy v~fIAW nUM bwAd ivc[ jy mYN CotI aumr ivc hI r~b nUM ipAwrw ho igAw qW pIrW &kIrW dI sMgq Aqy syvw qoN vW\w KwlI clw jwvWgw”[ ieh sux ky aus dw bwp AwKx l`gw, “bwbw jI, ieh bUVw ikho ijhIAW g~lW krdw hY?” gurU swihb AwKx lgy, “BweI qyrw ieh bytw bUVw nhIN blik iek „bzurg hsqI‟ hY[ ieh iek Awm b~cw nhIN hY[” ies qy aus b~cy dw nW “bu~Fw” hI cl ipAw[ {mgroN bwbw bu~Fw gurU Gr dw iek Aihm ih~sw bx igAw[ aunHW dUjy gurU swihb qoN CyvyN gurU swihb qk nUM gur-g~dI sONpx dI Ardws krn dI rsm Adw kIqI[ aunHW nUM pihlIAW s~q pwqSwhIAW qy nOvIN pwqSwhI dy drSn krn dw Sr& vI hwisl sI}[
krqwrpur qoN iek vwr Awp bIkwnyr gey[ bIkwnyr jwx vwsqy Awp krqwrpur qoN sulqwnpur huMdy hoey “m~qy-dI-srW” gey[ ies ipMf iv~c gurU AMgd swihb dw jnm hoieAw sI[ (A`j klH ies ipMf nUM „nWgy dI srW‟/ srwey nwgw AwKdy hn)[ ieQy vI gurU swihb dI PyrI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ho skdw hY ies mOky ‟qy BweI lihxw (gurU AMgd swihb) vI gurU nwnk swihb dy nwl hI hox[ ieQoN cl ky Awp isrsw ksby ivc gey[ isrsw ivc gurU swihb pihloN vI jw cuky sn[ kuJ idn Awp ieQy sMgqW nUM inhwl krdy rhy Aqy Pyr A~gy cl pey[ isrsw qoN Awp bIkwnyr gey[ audoN ieh bhuq Cotw ijhw ksbw sI[ bIkwnyr Aqy Awly duAwly dy ielwky ivc Awp ny is~KI dw prcwr kIqw[
iek somy muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb bIkwnyr qoN mulqwn gey[ Awp pihloN vI mulqwn jw cu~ky sn[ ipClI PyrI qy Awp SyK hwjI Abd`ulw nUM vI imly sn[ auh dsMbr 1518 ivc gurU swihb nUM m~ky ivc vI imilAw sI[ hux auh cVHweI kr cukw sI[ ies vwr gurU swihb dI mulwkwq SyK dy g~dI-dwr bhwau~dIn m^dUm nwl hoeI[ aus ny gurU swihb nUM puiCAw ik Awp Ajy audwsIAW hI kr rhy hn ik koeI „goSw-nSInI‟ (ausqwd Dwrn krnw) Dwrn kr leI hY? gurU swihb ny jvwb idqw ik audwsIAW jW goSw-nSInI koeI mslw nhIN hY[ Asl svwl ieh hY ik AwpxIAW kmzorIAW dUr kr ky r~b nUM imilAw jwey[ mYN qW r`b nUM hI murSd DwirAw hY qy aus nwl hI XwrI pweI hY[ gurU swihb ny ieQy iek Sbd aucwirAw:
Awvau vM\au fuMmxI ikqI imqR kryau] swDn FoeI n lhY vwFI ikau DIryau] mYfw mnu rqw AwpnVy ipr nwil] hau Goil GumweI KMnIAY kIqI ihk BorI ndir inhwil] pyeIAVY fohwgxI swhurVY ikau jwau] mY gil Aaugx muTVI ibnu ipr JUir mrwau] pyeIAVY ipru sMmlw swhurVY Gir vwsu ] suiK svMiD sohwgxI ipru pwieAw guxqwsu] lyPu inhwlI pt kI kwpVu AMig bxwie] ipru muqI fohwgxI iqn fuKI rYix ivhwie] ikqI cKau swfVy ikqI vys kryau] ipr ibnu jobnu bwid gieAmu vwFI JUrydI JUryau] scy sMdw sdVw suxIAY gur vIcwir] scy scw bYhxw ndrI ndir ipAwir] igAwnI AMjnu sc kw fyKY fyKxhwru] gurmuiK bUJY jwxIAY haumY grbu invwir] qau Bwvin qau jyhIAw mU jyhIAw ikqIAwh] nwnk nwhu n vICuVY iqn scY rqVIAwh] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1014-15)[
ieh Sbd sux ky m^dUm ny AwiKAw ik gurU jI qusIN DMn ho[ quhwfy Sbd ivcoN swnUM r~b dy dIdwr hoey hn[ gurU swihb ny AwiKAw, “m^dUm jI qusIN pIr bhwau~dIn m^dUm dI g~dI ‟qy bYTy ho[ auh Awp phuMcy hoey PkIr sn qy quhwfy ip~Cy aunHW dI kmweI hY[” m^dUm AwKx lgw, “gurU jI v~fy pIr qusIN ho, ijnHW ny AwpxI bwxI rwhIN r~b dy dIdwr krvwey hn[” gurU swihb ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik “r`b dy dIdwr Sbd ivcoN huMdy hn[” mulqwn ivc ijs jgh gurU nwnk swihb bYTy sn, au~Qy iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw sI[
mulqwn qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb dIpwlpur, SyrgVH, cUhxIAW, kMgxpur Aqy ksUr huMdy hoey lwhOr pu~jy[ lwhOr ivc ies vwr Awp dI mulwkwq s`Xd Abdul kwdr iglwnI nwl hoeI[ Abdul kwdr iglwnI ny gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ auh vI iek Awlm-&wzl S^s sI[ dohW ivc ies nukqy qy crcw hoeI ik “sB qoN v~fw suK s~c jwxn Aqy aus s~cy r~b nUM imlx dI ^wihS ivc hY[ isr& „auh r~b hI s~c hY Aqy aus nUM imlxw hI suKW dw hwisl krnw‟ hY”[ gurU nwnk swihb ny Sbd aucwirAw:
Amlu glolw kUV kw idqw dyvxhwir] mqI mrxu ivswirAw KusI kIqI idn cwir] scu imilAw iqn soPIAw rwKx kau drvwru] nwnk, swcy kau scu jwxu] ijqu syivAY suKu pweIAY qyrI drgh clY mwxu] scu srw guV bwhrw ijsu ivic scw nwau] suxih vKwxih jyqVy hau iqn bilhwrY jwau] qw mnu KIvw jwxIAY jw mhlI pwey Qwau] nwau nIru cMigAweIAw squ prmlu qin vwsu] qw muKu hovY aujlw lK dwqI iek dwiq] dUK iqsY pih AwKIAih sUK ijsY hI pwis] so ikau mnhu ivswrIAY jw ky jIA prwx] iqsu ivxu sBu ApivqRü hY jyqw pihnxu Kwxu] hoir glw siB kUVIAw quDu BwvY prvwxu] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 15)[
kuJ icr Abdul iglwnI kol Tihrn mgroN gurU swihb vwips krqwrpur cly gey[ imhrbwn dI jnmswKI ivc iliKAw hY ik ienHW idnW ivc hI gurU nwnk swihb ny jpujI swihb bwxI nUM AwKrI Coh idqI[ aunHW ny ieh syvw BweI lihxw nUM sONpI[ ies qoN mgroN gurU swihb krqwrpur hI rhy[ auh ies dOrwn isr& iek vwr BweI mUlw nUM imlx vwsqy isAwlkot qk gey[
isAwlkot jwxw Aqy BweI mUlw dI mOq
jdoN gurU nwnk swihb BweI mUlw nUM imlx isAwlkot gey qW BweI lihxw jI vI Awp dy nwl sn[ jdoN gurU swihb BweI mUlw dy Gr dy nyVy pu~jy qW BweI mUlw dI GrvwlI ny aunHW nUM AwauNidAW dUroN hI vyK ilAw sI[ ieh soc ky ik aus dw Grvwlw ikqy Pyr gurU swihb dy nwl nw inkl jwey, aus ny BweI mUlw nUM AMdr lukw idqw[ gurU swihb ny BweI mUlw dy Gr pu`j ky aus dw drvwzw KVkwieAw qy Awvwz id`qI „kI BweI mUlw Gr hn?‟ qW aus dI GrvwlI ny jvwb id`qw „jI auh Gr nhIN hn[‟ gurU swihb ny dubwrw pu`iCAw ik kI BweI mUlw Gr nhIN hn? qW aus dI GrvwlI ny Pyr jvwb idqw, “hW jI! auh Gr nhIN hn[” ies ‟qy gurU swihb vwips cl pey[
gurU swihb dy jwx mgroN aus dI GrvwlI ny aus nUM bwhr k~iFAw[ BweI mUlw ny GrvwlI nUM puiCAw ik kI gurU swihb cly gey hn? aus dI GrvwlI ny jvwb idqw, “hW, auh cly gey hn[” BweI mUlw nUM ies dw bVw duK hoieAw qy auh au~Qy hI ifg ipAw[ ifgidAW hI aus dI rUh aufwrI mwr geI[ jdoN lokW nUM hkIkq dw pqw l~gw qW kuJ lok gurU swihb dy ip~Cy dOVy[ gurU jI kw&I dUr inkl cuky sn[ auh gurU jI nUM vwips lY Awey[ gurU jI ny Awpy h`QIN BweI mUlw dw sskwr kIqw qy vwips muV Awey[
iek idn gurU swihb dw iek purwxw jwxUM aunHW nUM imilAw[ ieh s~jx sulqwnpur dw iek KqrI sI, jo nvwb dOlq ^wn kol nOkrI krdw sI[ Agsq 1507 ivc gurU nwnk swihb modIKwnw C~f ky audwsIAW ‟qy inkl gey sn pr auh modIKwnw ivc nOkrI krdw irhw sI[ iek idn jdoN aus ny gurU swihb dI mihmw suxI qW aus dw icq gurU swihb dy drSnW nUM kr AwieAw[ auh gurU swihb nUM iml ky bVw ^uS hoieAw[ dovyN hI sulqwnpur ‟c ibqwey idnW Aqy auQoN dy swQIAW bwry g~lW krdy rhy[ iek idn auh gurU swihb nUM pu~Cx lgw ik jdoN koeI vpwrI GroN inkldw hY Aqy kmweI kr ky Gr muVdw hY qW auh Awpxy s~jxW nUM dsdw hY ik aus ny ikM\, ik`QoN qy kI-kI mwl KrIidAw Aqy aus ivcoN ikM\ qy ikMnw munw&w hoieAw[ aus ny gurU swihb qoN puiCAw ik “gurU swihb quhwfw dunIAW ivc eynw nW hY[ qusIN ikhVw vpwr kIqw ijs nwl quhwfI eynI mihmw bxI hY?” gurU swihb ny aus nUM d~isAw ik “myrw vxj qW vwihgurU nwl ipAwr sI qy vwihgurU dI imhr nwl hI myrI pCwx hY[ myrw Awpxw nW qW kuJ vI nhIN[ dUjw, mYN GroN vpwr krn vwsqy nhIN sI igAw[ mYN qW „gurmuK‟ dI Koj ivc audwsIAW SurU kIqIAW sn[” gurU swihb dw ieh dosq kuJ icr krqwrpur irhw qy Pyr vwips muV igAw[
krqwrpur iv~c rihMidAW iek idn gurU swihb dw iek hor dosq aunHW nUM imlx AwieAw[ auh cMd ku idn au~Qy irhw[ au~Qy sMgqW hr roz AMimRq vyly auTdIAW, ieSnwn krdIAW Aqy nwm jpdIAW sn[ swry rl ky lMgr iqAwr krdy Aqy Ckdy sn[ sB iek dUjy nUM “siq krqwr” AwK ky bulwauNdy[ roz siqsMg cldw[ gurU swihb dw dosq ieh vyK ky bVw ^uS hoieAw[ Gr vwips jw ky aus ny ieh swrIAW g~lW suxwauxIAW SurU kIqIAW[ g~lW dsidAW-dsidAW hI auh cVHweI kr igAw[ aus dy pu`qr ieh ^br dyx vwsqy krqwrpur pu~jy[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik pMj q`q dw ieh ijsm qW mrn ip`CoN im~tI dI FyrI hI bx jWdw hY[ ies ny A^Ir im~tI iv~c hI iml jwxw hY[ sB nUM vwihgurU dw Bwxw mMnxw cwhIdw hY[
BweI lihxw nUM g`dI sONpxw
krqwrpur ‟c rih ky gurU swihb swihb ny AwpxI zmIn Awbwd kIqI[ aunHW nUM imlx vwsqy sMgqW dUr durwifEN AwauNdIAW sn[ gurU swihb Awp hl vwhuMdy qy Anwj pYdw krdy sn[ AweIAW sMgqW vI kdy kdy KyqI dy kMm ivc h~Q vMfwauNdIAW sn[ BweI lihxw Awp dy nwl moFy nwl moFw joV ky syvw kirAw krdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb BweI lihxw ‟qy bhuq ^uS sn[ aunHW BweI lihxw dy keI iemiqhwn ley[ BweI lihxw hr iemiqhwn ivcoN pws hoey[ dUjy pwsy gurU swihb dy Awpxy byty hr iemiqhwn ivc nwkwmXwb swibq hoey[ BweI lihxw isr& is~KI isdk ivc hI kwmXwb nhIN hoey blik bwxI qy &ls&y dI smJ, izMmydwrI, prcwr qy hr nukqy qoN kwibl sn[ gurU nwnk swihb ny prK ilAw sI ik BweI lihxw gurg~dI dy vwirs bxn dy pUrI qrHW kwibl sn[ ieh jWc ky aunHW ny 14 jUn 1539 dy idn (iek hor somw ieh qwrI^ 14 sqMbr 1539 ilKdw hY) BweI lihxw (gurU AMgd swihb) nUM gurg~dI dyx dw AYlwn kr idqw[ gurg~dI sONpx dI Ardws bwbw bu~Fw jI ny Adw kIqI[ ies smyN Awp dy pu~qr qy swrI sMgq hwizr sI[ gurg~dI sONpx dy nwl-nwl gurU nwnk swihb ny AwpxI swrI bwxI qy hor iek~TI kIqI bwxI vI BweI lihxw nUM sONp idqI Aqy aunHW nUM aus vyly qoN “gurU AMgd swihb” dw nW vI dy idqw[
gurU nwnk swihb ny gurg`dI Awpxy pu`qrW nUM nhIN id`qI ikauN ik auh &ls&y nUM nw qW smJdy sI qy nw hI aunHW ivc g`dI sMBwlx dIAW hor ^UbIAW sn[ v`fw sRIcMd audwsI sI qy Cotw lKmI dws Awm duinAwvI DMiDAW dI soc vwlw sI[ gurU gRMQ swihb ivc qW dohW puqrW nUM hukm nw mMnx vwly, kOl nw pwlx vwly, gurU v`l ip`T krn vwly, iliKAw hoieAw hY:
puqRI kaulu n pwilE, kir pIrhu kMn@ murtIAY]
idil KotY AwkI iPrin@, bMin@ Bwru aucwiein@ CtIAY ] (s&w 967)
{ArQ: (guru nwnk swihb jI dy) puqRW ny bcn (hukm) nw mMinAw, auh gurU vl ip`T dy ky, (hukm) moVdy rhy [ijhVy lok Koty idl hox dy kwrn (gurU v`loN) AwkI hoey iPrdy hn, auh lok (dunIAw dy DMiDAW dI) C`t dw Bwr bMnH ky cu`kI r`Kdy hn}[
joqI-joiq smwauxw
gurU nwnk swihb ies dunIAW ivc 69 swl, 10 mhIny 18 idn ivcry (ijhVy ipRQI cMd mIxy dy pu`qr imhrbwn dI id`qI Zlq jnm qwrI^ vYswK mMndy hn aunHW muqwibk gurU jI dI aumr 70 swl 5 mhIny 7 idn sI, jo Zlq hY)[ Awp 7 sqMbr 1539 dy idn gurU nwnk swihb krqwrpur ivc joqI joiq smw gey[ Awp dw sskwr rwvI dirAw dy kMFy ‟qy kIqw igAw[ mgroN kuJ lokW ny ieh mnGVq khwxI bxweI ik sskwr vyly ihMdUAW Aqy muslmwnW dw JgVw ho igAw Aqy ihMdU sskwr krnw cwhuMdy sn Aqy muslmwn d&nwauxw cwhuMdy sn[ ieh khwxI bymqlb hY[ pihlI g`l qW gurU nwnk swihb ny sw& ikhw sI ik auh nw ihMdU hn Aqy nw muslmwn[ aunHW dw Awpxw pMQ sI[ dUjw, iksy dy cVHweI kr jwx mgroN aus dw sskwr aus dy Gr vwly kirAw krdy hn[ gurU swihb dy joqI joiq smwaux vyly mwqw sul~KxI qy dovyN puqr sRIcMd qy lKmI dws hwizr sn[ ies mOky ‟qy iksy bwhrly d^l dw svwl hI nhIN pYdw huMdw sI[ ieh TIk hY ik ihMdUAW qy muslmwnW dohW ivcoN hI bhuq swry lok is~K sjy sn pr, krqwrpur, ijs nUM gurU swihb ny
„is`K ngr‟ vjoN vsieAw sI, iek Awm ngr nhIN sI[ au~Qy isr& is`K hI vsdy sn nw ik ihMdU qy muslmwn[ ies kr ky sskwr sbMDI GVI hoeI khwxI dw ies nwl koeI mqlb hI nhIN sI[ auN\ jy ies gpOV khwxI nUM mMn leIey qW ies dw mqlb ieh ho igAw ik sskwr krn dw h`k isr& ihMdUAW qy muslmwnW dw hI sI qy is`KW dw koeI ih`sw nhIN sI[ ies kr ky ieh khwxI iksy swizS hyT GVI geI ho skdI hY ijs dw mqlb ieh bxdw hY ik audoN isr& ihMdU qy muslmwn hI sn qy is`K huMdy hI nhIN sn[
gurU swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux mgroN, aunHW dy puqrW ny, gurU swihb dy hukm dI AdUlI kridAW, gurU swihb dI smwD vI bxw leI sI (is~K Drm ivc smwD bxwaux dI mnwhI hY)[ mgroN rwvI dirAw ny ies smwD nUM roVH idqw sI[
gurU nwnk swihb dy joqI joq smwaux dy 15 idn mgroN, 22 sqMbr 1539 dy idn mwqw sul~KxI jI vI gurU crnW ivc jw ibrwjy[
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)