gurU Amr dws swihb
scu nwmu krqwru, su idRV nwnk sMgRihAau[
qw qy AMgdu lihxw, pRgit qwsu crxh ilv rihAau[
iqqu kuil, gur Amrdwsu, Awsw invwsu[
qsu gux, kvx vKwxau[ (kIrq B`t)
gur nwnk, inkit bsY bnvwrI[
iqin lhxw Qwip, joiq jig DwrI[
lhxY pMQu Drm kw kIAw[ Amr dws Bly kau dIAw[ (gXMd B`t)
gurU Amr dws swihb dw jnm 18 AprYl 1509 dy idn mwqw l`Ko Aqy bwbw qyj Bwn (1488-1533) {bwbw qyj Bwn puqr bwbw hir jI (1463-1501), qy poqrw bwbw ivSn/ivSnU dws (?-1500)} dy Gr izlHw AMimRqsr dy ipMf bwsrky (hux bwsrky ig`lW), Cyhrtw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr, ivc hoieAw sI[ (iksy somy ivc ZlqI nwl aunHW dw jnm ibkrmI swl 1566 dI QW 1536 iliKAw igAw[ (aus ilKq ivc gurmuKI dy ihMdsy 6 dI auprlI fMfI jy hyTW ho jwx kwrn ieh 3 bx igAw sI, hwlW ik purwxIAW ilKqW ivc SbdW ivc iliKAw swl KtsT, sw& 66 hI bxdw hY)[ ies glqI kwrn ieh grYgorIAn kYlMfr dw 1509 dI QW ‟qy 1479 bx igAw[ kuJ lyKk „Ajy vI‟ gurU Amr dws swihb dw jnm 1479 ivc ilKdy hn)[
Awp jI dw ivAwh bIbI mnsw dyvI nwl 1532 ivc hoieAw (jy aunHW dw jnm 1479 dw mMn leIey qW ivAwh vyly aunHW dI aumr 53 swl sI, jo AjIb lgdw hY)[ Awp jI dy Gr 30 ApRYl 1534 dy idn iek bytI BwnI, 11 mwrc 1536 dy idn puqr mohn Aqy 2 jUn 1539 dy idn dUjy puqr mohrI ny jnm ilAw[ iek irvwieq ivc Awp dI iek bytI dwnI dw izkr vI hY, pr purwxy qvwrI^I soimAW ivc iksy dwnI dw koeI izkr nhIN imldw[
BweI lihxw (mgroN gurU AMgd swihb) vWg Awp vI Awpxy ipqw-purKI krm kWf inBwaux ivc hI XkIn rKdy sn qy ies islisly ivc Aksr ihMdUAW dy qIrQW qy jWdy rihMdy sn[ ikhw jWdw hY ik Awp ny hirduAwr (audoN ies QW nUM „ivSnUM duAwr‟ AwKdy sn) dy 20 c`kr lwey[ iek somy muqwibk iek vwr 1533 ivc jd Awp hirduAwr qoN vwips muV rhy sn qW Awp nUM iek audwsI imilAw ijs dy nwl crcw krn „qy Awp dy mn ivc gurU Dwrn krn dI ^wihS pYdw hoeI[ pr hwlwq ny Awp nUM Ajy vI s`cy gurU qoN vWJw hI riKAw; ieM\ keI swl bIq gey[ 1540 ivc gurU AMgd swihb dI bytI bIbI Amro dw ivAwh, Awp (gurU Amr dws) dy Brw dy p`uqr rwm jI m`l nwl hoieAw[ iek idn Awp ny bIbI Amro qoN gurU nwnk swihb dI bwxI dw iek Sbd suixAw ijs ny Awp dy mn nUM bVw tuMibAw[ Awp ny bIbI Amro nwl aus Sbd dy rcnhwry bwry pqw kIqw[ bIbI ny disAw ik aus Sbd dy rcnhwry qW ies dunIAW ivc nhIN rhy pr aunHW dy rUhwnI vwirs, jo aus bIbI dy ipqw sn, KfUr swihb ivc gurU swihb dy imSn nUM clw rhy sn[ Awp dy mn ivc gurU swihb dy drSn krn dI ^wihS pYdw hoeI[ pr ie`q&wikn Awp ruJyivAW ivcoN vkq nw k`F sky qy nw hI bIbI Amro pyky jw skI[ A^Ir 1544 ivc Awp nUM KfUr jwx dw mOkw iml hI igAw[ gurU AMgd swihb dy drSn krn Aqy aunHW dI isiKAw suxn mgroN (gurU) Amr dws swihb aunHW (guurUu AMgd swihb) dy hI ho ky rih gey[ ieh auvyN hI sI ijvyN gurU AMgd swihb jI dw gurU nwnk swihb nUM imlx mgroN hwl hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN gurU Amr dws swihb KfUr swihb hI rihx lg pey[ aunHW ny (bIbI Amro vwly) KUh qoN pwxI Brn Aqy lMgr iqAwr krn, sMgqW nUM Ckwayux Aqy jUTy brqn sw& krn dI syvw sMBwl leI[ (ie`QoN iksy lyKk ny ds iklomItr dUr, dirAw ibAws qoN pwxI Br ky ilAwaux dI g`p GV leI)[ Agly A`T swl Awp ieh syvw pUrI sMjIdgI nwl inBwauNdy rhy[
gurU Amr dws swihb dI is`K &ls&y dI sUJ, syvw, jQybMdk ^UbIAW nUM vyKx prKx mgroN 1551 ivc gurU swihb ny Awp nUM Awpxw vwirs bxwaux dw AYlwx kr idqw[ 1552 ivc gurU AMgd swihb joqI-joiq smw gey qW Awp ny gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwlI[
gurU Amr dws swihb ny Awpxy Aihd dOrwn is`K imSn dy pRcwr qy prswr vwsqy bhuq Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ gurg`dI sMBwlidAW gurU swihb dw pihlw Aihm kdm goieMdvwl vswaux dw sI[ (auN\ goieMdvwl ipMf keI sO swl pihlW qoN mOjUd sI pr audoN ieh ibAws dirAw dw isr& iek p`qx hI sI[ gurU swihb dy eyQy v`sx nwl ieh v`fw ngr bxnw SurU ho igAw)[ Awm qOr ‟qy nvyN ngr bwdSwh jW srkwrW vswieAw krdIAW hn pr ieh Sr& (is`K) gurU swihb nUM vI hwisl hY ik aunHW ny (1522 ivc krqwrpur qoN SurU kr ky) keI ngr vswey[ ienHW ivc goieMdvwl vI sI[ (ies ngr vswaux vyly gurU rwmdws jI ny vI v`fw ih`sw pwieAw sI ijs dy qjrby nUM aunHW ny mgroN gurU dw c`k (hux AMimRqsr) bxwaux vyly b^UbI vriqAw sI[ gurU Amr dws swihb ny isr& goieMdvwl hI nhIN vswieAw blik gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ngr vswaux vwsqy gurU rwmdws swihb nUM hdwieq vI aunHW ny hI idqI sI[
bwaulI bxwauxw Aqy KUh luAwauxw
gurU Amr dws swihb ny is`KI dy smwj BlweI dy rol nUM swhvyN rKidAW hoieAW keI prwjYkt SurU kIqy[ ienHW ivc sB qoN Aihm sI goieMdvwl dy lokW dI pwxI dI loV nUM pUirAW krnw[ Awp ny pwxI dI QuV nUM ^qm krn vwsqy 1556 ivc iek bwaulI* bxweI[ (hux ies bwaulI dIAW 84 pOVIAW hn, pihloN eynIAW nhIN sn)[ ieh bwaulI A`j vI kwiem hY pr ies dw Asl srUp ^qm kr idqw igAw hY qy ieh iek sMgmrmr dI eImwrq bx ky rih igAw hY ijs nwl ies dI qvwrI^ dIAW Asl inSwnIAW ^qm ho geIAW hn[ kuJ swlW qoN bRwhmxW ny ies bwaulI bwry iek nvW JUTw prcwr ies bwry SurU kIqw hoieAw hY ik ijhVw bMdw ies dIAW 84 pOVIAW ‟qy 84 pwT jpujI swihb dy krygw aus dI “cOrwsI” k`tI jwvygI[ (ieh JUTw lwlc is`KI AsUlW dy mu`FoN hI ault hY)[
ies bwaulI bwry iek hor JUT muslmwn ilKwrIAW ny vI prcwirAw sI ik „gurU swihb dw &urmwn sI ik muZl icqOV dy iklHy qy audoN kbzw krngy jd ies bwaulI dw kV tu`tygw[‟ ieh korw JUT hY ikauNik gurU swihb ieho ijhw vr jW srwp jW ibAwn nhIN sn dy skdy qy dUjw icqOV dw iklHw Akbr ny pMj mhIny dy Gyry mgroN 13 &rvrI 1568 dy idn (bwaulI bxn qoN 12 swl mgroN) &qih kIqw sI[
*aus zmwny ivc itMfW dw mslw sI Aqy pOVIAW vwlIAW bwaulIAW bxweIAW jwdIAW sn[ (aunHW vyilAW „c p`kw KUh jW bwaulI bxwauxw bhuq v`fw pRwjYkt huMdw sI qy pIx vwly pwxI dw iehI ieko iek zrIAw huMdw sI ikauNik toBy C`pV mINhW dy Awsry huMdy sn)[ mgroN gurU Arjn swihb ny hrt lwauxy SurU kIqy sn[ AMimRqsr dy nyVy gurU dI vfwlI dI zmIn ivc iek KUh au~qy Cy hrt lwey gey sn[ aus QW nUM A`j-klH Cyhrtw kihMdy hn[
22 mMjIAW qy 52 pIVHy kwiem krnw
gurU Amr dws swihb ny is`K Drm nUM suc`jy qrIky nwl pRcwrn Aqy is`KW nUM jQybMd krn vwsqy swry ielwikAW, ij`Qy-ij`Qy vI is`K v`fI igxqI ivc rihMdy sn, nUM 22 mMjIAW (imSnrI sYNtr) ivc vMf idqw qy ies qoN ielwvw ij`Qy-ij`Qy is`KW dI AwbwdI QoVHI sI, aunHW QWvW ‟qy gurU swihb ny 52 pIVHy (Coty sYNtr) kwiem kr idqy[ ieM\ swry ielwikAW dy is`K iek lVI ivc proey gey[ ies nwl iek qW is`KW nUM gurU swihb dy pYZwm sOiKAW pu`jx lg pey, dUjw is`KW dw dsvMD TIk qrIky nwl gurU swihb qk pu`jx lg ipAw, qy qIjw is`K Awps ivc vI iek pirvwr vWg juV gey[
swlwnw kOmI iek`T SurU krnw
ies qoN ielwvw gurU swihb ny swl ivc iqMn vwr swry is`KW dy kOmI iek`T goieMdvwl krny SurU kr idqy[ ieh iek`T hr pihlI mwG, pihlI ivswK Aqy ihMdU-dIvwlI dy idn kIqy jwx lg pey[ (gurU swihb ny ieh qwrI^W ies kr ky nhIN sn cuxIAW ik ienHW dI koeI mhwnqw sI blik ies kr ky cuxIAW sn ikauN ik aunHIN idnIN fwierIAW qy kYlMfr nhIN hoieAw krdy sn qy is`KW nUM puroihqW qoN irvwieqI ihMdU-idnW dIAW qwrI^W dw pqw sOKw lg jwieAw krdw sI[) ienHW iek`TW nwl swry is`K swl ivc iqMn vwr gurU swihb dy drSn kr jwieAw krdy sn qy dUjw kOm dy sWJy msly vI ivcwirAw krdy sn[ drAsl ieh ATHwrvIN sdI ivc hox vwly „srbq Kwlsw‟ dI irvwieq dI nINh sn[
sMgq ivc lMgr Ckxw lwzmI krnw
gurU Amr dws swihb ny is`KW ivc zwq-pwq dw Brm dUr krn Aqy aunHW ivc „iek pirvwr‟ dw Aihsws kwiem krn vwsqy lMgr nUM is`K jIvn jwc dw iek Atu`t ih`sw bxwieAw[ aunHW dw hukm sI ik gurU drbwr ivc hwizr hox qoN pihlW hr iek is`K lMgr zrUr Ck ky Awvy[ pr, “pihly pMgq, pwCY sMgq” dw mqlb
hrigz ieh nhIN sI ik is`K ny BuMjy bih ky lMgr Ckxw hY; ies dw mqlb ieh sI ik hr iek is`K iek QW ‟qy bYT ky, ie`ko qrIky nwl, ie`ko Kwxw Kwvygw[ ies ivc koeI nhIN &rk pYNdw ik lMgr zmIn ‟qy CikAw jwvy jW plMG, kursI jW bYNc ‟qy bYT ky; Asl nukqw qW brwbrI dw sI[ lMgr dw mksd ieh sI ik is`K dy mn ivcoN AKOqI au~cy jnm dw Aihsws qy AKOqI nIvyN Gr ivc jnm lYx dw Brm muk jwvy[ dUjy l&zW ivc gurU swihb is`KW ‟coN Aihswsy-kmqrI (hIx-Bwv) vI Aqy v`fw hox dw hMkwr vI ^qm krnw cwhuMdy sn[ ieh sbk is`K ny isr& lMgr ivc hI nhIN sI inBwauxw blik ies nUM AwpxI swrI izMdZI ivc vI Aml ivc ilAwauxw sI[ ieM\ hI gurU drbwr iv`coN is`KIAW hor g`lW nUM vI Aml ivc ilAwauxw hY[
gurU swihb ny is`KW ivc iek pirvwr dw Aihsws Brn vwsqy zwq-pwq rihq ivAwh nUM auqSwihq vI kIqw[ gurU swihb vyly m`Qo qy murwrI Aqy BweI s`cn-s`c dy ivAwh zwq-pwq dy bMDnW nUM qoV ky kIqy gey sn qy ies nwl AKOqI CotI zwq dy lokW dw is`K jIvn jwc nwl ipAwr bVw viDAw sI[
sqI Aqy prdw dI rsm bMd krnw
gurU swihb ny AOrq nUM mrd dy brwbr KVHw krn vwsqy vI bVy suDwr kIqy sn[ ienHW ivcoN iek sqI dI rsm nUM ^qm krnw vI sI[ ieh zwlmwnw rsm ihMdUAW ivc bVI Aihm QW rKdI sI[ gurU swihb ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik Awpxy mrd dy mrn mgroN AOrq Awpxy Awp nUM mrd dI icKw ‟qy nhIN swVygI[ auh cwhy qW nvW ivAwh kr ky izMdZI nUM cMgy lyKy lweygI[ aunHW AOrqW ivc ieh Aihsws BirAw ik auh isr& mrd dI vrqoN dIAW cIzW nhIN hn blik Awpxy-Awp ivc iek invyklI QW rKdIAW hn[ ieh vI jwpdw hY ik is`KW ivc sqI dI rsm bMd hox mgroN Akbr ny ihMdU AOrqW ‟qy vI pwbMdI lw idqI sI ik auh vI sqI nhIN ho skxgIAW[ dUjy l&zW ivc Akbr ‟qy gurU swihb dy hukm dw Asr hoieAw hox dy Awswr vI hn[
AOrq vwsqy gurU swihb dw ieh vI hukm sI ik auh prdw nhIN krngIAW[ aus vyly ihMdU qy muslm Drm ivc mrd ny AOrq nUM AwpxI jwiedwd vWg prdy ip`Cy lukw ky riKAw sI qy Awpxy Bog dI cIz bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ivc AwpxI hsqI dw Aihsws Brn leI aunHW nUM A`gy vD ky rol Adw krn dy kwibl bxwieAw[ iek vwr jd hrIpur irAwsq dI rwxI goieMdvwl AweI qW gurU swihb ny aus nUM vI prdw krn qoN roikAw qy ikhw ik auh Awpxy Awp nUM rwjy dI jwiedwd nw smJy blik irAwsq dI brwbr dI BweIvwl jwxy[ prdy dI musIbq ^qm hox nwl AOrqW ^ud nUM mrdW dy brwbr smJ ky A`gy vD ky swry kMmW ivc brwbr dw ih`sw pwaux lg peIAW[ gurU swihb ny Awp vI mQo qy murwrI dI joVI nUM iek prcwr sYNtr dw muKI bxw ky AOrq nUM pRcwrk qk dw drjw vI idqw[
is`K rsmo irvwz nUM nymb`D krnw
gurU swihb ny is`KW ivc iek ivl`Kx hsqI dw Aihsws Brn vwsqy is`KW dy rozm`rw dIAW rsmW nUM nymb`D kIqw[ aunHW ny is`KW nUM jnm, ivAwh, mOq sbMDI rsmW bwry hdwieqW idqIAW qW jo is`K ihMdUAW qy muslmwnW qoN v`K, pMQk qrIky nwl, kwrvweIAW/rsmW inBw skx qy auh ZlqI nwl vI ZYrW dIAW rsmW inBwauNdy dogly nw AKvwaux[ aunHW dy Awpxy joqI-joq smwaux vyly idqIAW hdwieqW (ijs nUM bwbw AnMd ny bwxI „s`d‟ ivc q&sIl nwl ibAwinAw hY) ies dw iek pRq`K sbUq hn[ gurU swihb dIAW ienHW hdwieqW qoN iKJ ky 1566 ivc ihMdUAW dy puroihqW ny Akbr kol iSkwieq kIqI ik gurU swihb „gwieqrI dy mMqr‟ qoN htw ky „gurbwxI‟ pVHwauNdy hn[ aunHIN idnIN ihMdUAW ny Akbr nUM AwpxIAW DIAW ivAwhIAW hoeIAW sn, ies kr ky Akbr aunHW dI g`l bVy iDAwn nwl suixAw krdw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb nUM Awpxy drbwr ivc bulwieAw[ gurU swihb ny Awp jwx dI QW BweI jyTw (mgroN gurU rwm dws swihb) nUM aus kol Byj idqw, ijnHW ny Akbr nUM scweI dsI qy is`KW dy lwswnI kOm hox bwry smJwieAw[ jd Akbr nUM hkIkq pqw lgI qW aus ny ihMdUAW nUM ikhw ik jd is`K ihMdU hn hI nhIN qW auh ihMdU rsmW ikauN inBwaux? aus ny iSkwieqW krn vwly bRwhmxW nUM iJVkW mwrIAW qy Zlq ibAwnI dI szw idqI[ ies mgroN Akbr gurU swihb nUM imlx vwsqy, 1571 ivc, goieMdvwl vI AwieAw[
ij`Qy Akbr ny goieMdvwl ivc Aw ky gurU Amr dws swihb dy drbwr dI hwzrI BrI sI au~Qy keI swl pihloN Syr Swh sUr dy qIjy vwirs Awidl Swh sUr (1545-1553) ny vI Awpxy Aihd dy Aw^rI swl gurU Amr dws swihb nwl nyVqw bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI [ aus ny gurU swihb dy AwKx ‟qy is`KW ‟qy jzIAw vrgw „Xwqrw tYks‟ lwauxw bMd kr idqw sI[ ieMj aus bwdSwh ny vI is`KW nUM iek vKry Drm vjoN kbUl kr ilAw sI[ ieh g`l audoN dI hY jd gurU Amr dws swihb jnvrI 1553 ivc kurUkSyqr, hirduAwr qy Ajoky XU.pI. dy ielwky dy Dwrimk dOry
‟qy gey sn qy aunHW qoN dirAw pwr krn vyly Xwqrw-tYks mMigAw igAw sI qW gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM disAw sI ik is`K ihMdU nhIN blik iek Awzwd Drm nUM mMnx vwly hn, Aqy is`KW dw ihMdU qIrQW nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY qy auh aus ielwky ivc ihMdUAW dy qIrQW dI Xwqrw vwsqy nhIN blik is`K Drm dy prcwr vwsqy aus ielwky vl Awey hn[ gurU Amr dws swihb pMQ dI syvw krdy hoey pihlI sqMbr 1574 dy idn joqI-joiq smwey[
gurU Amr dws swihb ny bhuq swrI bwxI vI rcI[ ies ivc „AnMd swihb‟ vI hY ijs nUM is`K hr roz pVHdy hn qy ies dIAW Cy pauVIAW hr vwr Ardwis qoN pihlW pVHIAW jWdIAW hn[
gurU swihb bwry mgroN GVIAW geIAW kuJ swKIAW
„kmlI‟ kihxw jW iek qrHW dw srwp dyxw Zlq hY[ iek qW is`K Drm ivc vr/srwp nUM r`d kIqw igAw hY[ dUjw, gurU swihb v`loN ieho ijhy bol bolxw jW aunHW dy bolx nwl iksy dw „kmlI‟ ho jwxw, is`K &ls&y muqwibk Zlq hY[
(fw. hrijMdr isG idlgIr)