Banda Singh Bahadur

bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr

{ies swrI sm`grI dw kwpI rweIt fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr dw hY}

bMdw isMG bhwdr dw muFlw jIvn
bMdw isMG dw KMfy dI pwhul lYxw smwxw ’qy kbzw
sFOrw dI &qih mu^ilsgVH/lohgVH ’qy kbzw
c`pV icVI dI lVweI
srhMd ‘c pihlw Kwlsw rwj
id`lI ivc dihSq
lwhOr ’qy hmlw is`KW dy i^lw& jhwd
bwdSwh v`loN is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm rwhoN dI lVweI
is`KW koloN srhMd dw Kus jwxw
lohgVH ‘coN bMdw isMG dw bc ky inklxw
is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw hukm jwrI krnw
muZlW v`loN AjIq isMG pwilq nUM vrqxw jMmU qy jlMDr dy &Ojdwr mwrny
btwlw Aqy klwnOr ’qy kbzw
bhwdr Swh dI is`KW dy i^lw& lMmI muihMm
bwdSwh ny lwhOr ivc fyrw lwieAw
ihMdU rwijAW ny is`K s&Ir mwry
cwlHI is`K zmIn ivc g`f ky mwry
iblwspur dIAW ShIdIAW
bwdSwh dw pwZl hoxw qy aus dI mOq
bMdw isMG dw iPr pMjwb muVnw
&wru^sIAwr dw bwdSwh bxnw
is`KW h`QoN sForw Kusxw
BweI &qih isMG dI ShIdI sFOrw qy lohgVH iklHy Fwhuxw
bwz isMG dw bMdw isMG qoN judw hoxw
gurdws nMgl nUM SwhI &OjW dw Gyrw
bMdw isMG qy is`KW dIAW igR&qwrIAW
is`KW dw kqlyAwm
bMdw isMG dI ShIdI
‘ieh myrI mW nhIN’
bMdw isMG qy ibnod isMG dw JgVw
q`q qy bMdeI JgVy dI AslIAq
bMdw isMG ’qy lwey doSW dI s`cweI
bwbw bMdw isMG dI dyx
bMdw isMG qy ieslwm
bMdw isMG qy ihMdU rwjy qy cODrI
bMdw isMG dy i^lw& lVn vwly ihMdU jrnYl qy rjvwVy
bMdw isMG i^lw& lVn vwly muslmwn
ribMdr nwQ tYgor dI bwbw bMdw isMG bwry kivqw

bMdw isMG bhwdr dw muFlw jIvn

bwbw bMdw isMG iek lwswnI kmwl sI, jo koeI A&swnw nhIN blik h`f-mws dw iek s`cmuc dw ienswn sI, jo ies DrqI ‘qy jIivAw, ivcirAw qy ShId hoieAw[ pihlI vwr Aqy Asl Kwlsw rwj kwiem krn dw mwx, ies mhwn is`K jrnYl bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy aus dy swQIAW dw bxdw hY[ pMjwb dys dI s`q sO swl dI (qy BwrqI jzIry dI iek hzwr swl dI) ivdySI ZulwmI ƒ ^qm krn dw ishrw iesy mhwn hIro Aqy aus dy swQIAW isr b`Jdw hY[

bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dw jnm 16 AkqUbr 1670 dy idn, kSmIr dys dy puxC izlHw dy ipMf rjOVI (pTwnkot qoN 275 qy jMmU qoN 163 iklomItr, jo smuMdr ql qoN 2800 &ut aucw hY) ivc, bwbw rwm dyv dy Gr hoieAw sI[ aus dy mwipAW ny aus dw nW lCmx dws r`iKAw sI[ Awp dw prvwr rwjpUq ibrwdrI nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ bwbw rwm dyv ny Awpxy puqr lCmx dws ƒ rwjpUqI rvwieqW muqwibk GoVsvwrI, kuSqI, qlvwr clwauxw, qIr-AMdwzI Aqy hor mwrSl KyfW isKweIAW[ auh in`kI aumr ivc hI iSkwr Kyfx lg ipAw sI[ ienHW idnW ivc hoeI iek Gtnw ny aus dI izMdgI ivc iek Aihm qbdIlI lY AWdI[ iek vwr aus ny iek ihrnI dw iSkwr kIqw[ jd aus ny ies ihrnI nUM k`itAw qW aus nUM pqw l`gw ik auh ihrnI grBvqI sI[ aus dy pyt ivcly do b`cy aus dy swhmxy qV&-qV& ky mr gey[ ies Gtnw ny nOjvwn lCmx dws dy mn qy fMUGw Asr pwieAw[ aus ny nw isr& iSkwr hI bMd kr idqw blik auh gMum-suMm vI rihx lg ipAw[ hOlI -hOlI auh swDUAW dI sMgq vI krn lg ipAw[ ienHIN idnIN jwnkI pRswd nW dw iek swDU aus ielwky ivc AwieAw[ lCmx dws ny aus swDU dI sMgq kIqI[ auh ies jwnkI dws dy pRcwr dy Asr hyT Aw igAw Aqy aus dy nwl hI bYrwgI-swDU bx ky aus dy fyry ’qy lwhOr clw igAw[ ieh soc ky ik ikqy lCmx dws dy mwpy aus nUM l`Bdy aus dy fyry qy hI nw Aw jwx, jwnkI dws ny aus dw nW mwDo dws rK idqw[

pr, swDU jwnkI dws mwDo dws dI qs`lI nw krvw sikAw[ iek -A`D swl ie`Qy rihx mgroN, 29 mwrc 1685 dy idn, auh ksUr nyVy iek ipMf rwm QMmx ivc ivswKI dy myly ’qy igAw[ ie`Qy aus dw myl iek hor swDU rwm dws nwl hoieAw[ rwm dws aus ƒ Awpxy nwl d`Kx dI Xwqrw ’qy lY igAw[ rwm dws vI mwDo dws dI inSw nw krvw sikAw[ hux mwDo dws ny aus nUM vI C`f id`qw Aqy ihMdUAW dy AKOqI qIrQW dy c`kr lwauxy SurU kr idqy[

kuJ icr mgroN auh nwsk ngr kol pMcbtI ivc iek qWqirk AKvwauNdy XogI AOGV nwQ (bwbw lUxIAw) kol vI iqMn swl irhw[ 1691 ivc AOGV nwQ dI mOq mgroN aus ny Awpxy swQIAW Aqy cyilAW nwl d`Kx ivc fyrw kwiem kr ilAw[ auh ie`Qy keI swl irhw[ ies dOrwn auh Aksr ihMdU qIrQW ’qy vI jWdw rihMdw sI[

&rvrI 1695 ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb Drm pRcwr dy sbMD ivc Kurv`DI (hux fyhrwdUn), irSIkyS, hrduAwr qy knKl v`l gey[ ienHIN idnIN hI mwDo dws vI auDr AwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus dI mulwkwq gurU goibMd isMG swihb nwl hoeI[ gurU jI ny aus nUM bYrwg qy Xog C`f ky krm-Kyqr ivc Awaux dI isiKAw idqI[ mwDo dws Aqy gurU swihb dI mulwkwq QoVHy icr dI sI[ jy kr lCmx dws ƒ gurU swihb dI sMgq kuJ idn hor iml jWdI qW auh XkInn audoN hI is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw hMudw[

hrduAwr qoN muV ky bMdw isMG Awpxy fyry ’qy vwips clw igAw[ kuJ swl ie`Qy rihx mgroN auh nMdyV clw igAw ij`Qy aus ny Awpxw cMgw qgVw fyrw kwiem kr ilAw[ ie`Qy aus ny bhuq swry cyly iek`Ty kr ley[ jMqr-mMqr qy qWqirk qwkq dy nW ’qy aus ny lokW ivc Awpxw dbdbw kwiem kr ilAw[ ies tOhr-t`ly ny aus ƒ hMkwrI bxw idqw[ hux auh dUjy swDUAW qy PkIrW ƒ vI itckrW krn lg ipAw[ iek

Awm AwdmI dI byiezqI krnw qW aus dI roz dI Kyf sI[

bMdw isMG dw nvW jnm

jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb bhwdr Swh nwl d`Kx vl cldy-cldy burhwnpur p`ujy qW bwdSwh ƒ jMg ivc mdd vwsqy srhMd (audoN ies dw nW sIhrMd sI) dy sUbydwr vzIr ^wn dI ByjI iek v`fI rkm p`uj geI (vzIr ^wn dw Asl nW imrzw AskrI sI[ aus dw ipCokV eIrwn dw sI[ aus dw mnsb do hzwr zwq sI) [ auh bwdSwh, jo gurU goibMd isMG swihb nwl ieh vwAdw kr irhw sI ik auh srhMd dy zwlm

sUbydwr ƒ szw dyvygw, hux aus dy qOr-qrIky bdl gey[ qwpqI dirAw pwr kr ky jdoN gurU jI bwlwpur pujy qW ie`Qy aunHW dI bhwdr Swh nwl Aw^rI mulwkwq hoeI[ ieh g`l julweI 1708 dy ipCly-A`D dI hY[ jd gurU jI ƒ bwdSwh dI bdlI nIAq dw pqw lgw qW aunHW ny aus dw swQ C`f idqw Aqy nMdyV ivc ruk gey[ ie`Qy aunHW nUM pqw l`gw ik mwDo dws dw fyrw vI nzdIk hI sI[ vwips pMjwb muVn qoN pihlW Awp ny mwDo dws ƒ imlx dw &Yslw kIqw[

jd gurU jI mwDo dws dy fyry ’qy gey qW auh a~uQy nhIN sI[ aus dI ZYr-hwzrI ivc gurU jI ny bkry

Jtkw ky lMgr iqAwr kIqw qy swry isMGW ƒ CkwieAw[ mwDo dws qW ihrnI dy iSkwr mgroN SwkwhwrI ho cukw sI qy mws-m`CI ƒ s^q n&rq krdw sI[ gurU jI v`loN bkry Jtkwaux dw fyry dy syvwdwrW ny bhuq burw mnwieAw pr eynI v`fI igxqI ivc is`KW dy hMuidAW auh swDU qy XogI kuJ nw kr sky[ gurU jI ny ies qoN mgroN mwDo dws dw plMG (ijs ’qy bYT ky auh Awpxw drbwr lwieAw krdw sI) vI m`l ilAw qy bwkI is`K aunHW kol bYT gey[ byv`s hoey cyilAW ny iek swQI ƒ bwbw mwDo dws ƒ ^br dyx vwsqy Byj idqw[ QoVHI dyr mgroN mwDo dws vI a~uQy puj igAw[ aus nUM vyK ky gurU swihb ny aus nUM ikhw, “mwDo dws, AsIN qYnUM imlx Awey hW[ qUM ik`Qy igAw hoieAw sI[” ies ’qy mwDo dws boilAw, “ZrIb invwz, mYN quhwnUM nhIN jwxdw[ Awp ik`QoN Awey ho? jy qusIN mYnUM jwxdy sI qW mYnUM aufIk lYxw sI[ ieh jwnvr ikauN mwrny sI[ ieh fyrw vYSno swDUAW dw hY[” gurU jI ny aus nUM d`isAw, “mwDo dws, swfy nwl qyrI jwx-pCwx iek d&w knKl ivc hoeI sI[ aus vyly qUM swDUAW dI iek mMflI ivc sI, ijs dw muKI AOGV nwQ jogI, nwsk vwlw sI[ mwDo dws ny ieh sux ky A`K auTweI qy gurU jI v`l vyK ky boilAw, “Awp gurU goibMd isMG ho, ijnHW dy ipqw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI ny id`lI ivc jw ky Apxw blIdwn id`qw sI[” siqgurU jI ny AwiKAw,“hW mwDo dws, mYN auhI hW[” ies ‘hW’ dI Awvwz sux ky aus ny Awpxw sIs gurU jI dy pYrW ivc Jukw ky iKmw mMgI[ siqgurW iPr ikhw, “mwDo dws, qusW pu`iCAw hY ik ieh fyrw vYSno swDUAW dw sI ij`Qy jwnvr nhIN mwrny sn[ mwDo dws, mYnUM ieh pqw sI ik ieh fyrw vYSnUAW dw hY qW hI ieh jwnvr mwry hn[ mYN qYnUM jgwaux vwsqy eyQy AwieAw hW[ ieh iqMn-cwr jwnvr mrn nwl qyrw ieh fyrw iB`itAw igAw hY[ qYnUM v`fy fyry Awpxy mulk dw pqw nhIN, ij`Qy roz sYNkVy qy hzwrW mzlUm, inrdoS kohy jw rhy hn[ mYN isr& qyrw iDAwn idvwaux vwsqy ies fyry ivc AwieAw hW[” ieh sux ky mwDo dws qrHbk ky boilAw, “mYN A`j qoN idlo-jwn qoN quhwfw bMdw hW, mYnUM A`gy vwsqy kwr syvw d`so[” gurU jI muskurwey, mwDo dws dI qr& dyiKAw Aqy ikhw, “mwDo dws, bMdw ho ky iksy dI qwibAwdwrI krnw bVw AOKw hY[ bMdw auhI hY jo qn, mn, Dn mwilk dy hukm hyT kurbwn kr dyvy[”

mwDo dws hux pihlW vwlw mwDo dws nhIN sI irhw[ auh Awpxw mwx-qwx qj ky, inmwxw ho ky, gurU jI dw bMdw bx igAw sI[ siqgurW Pyr AwiKAw,“mwDo dws ieh gurU nwnk swihb dw dr hY, ies dr ’qy jo vI AwauNdw hY aus dw ipClw jnm, Drm, krm, Srm qy Brm swry jWdy rihMdy hn[” mwDo dws Pyr h`Q bMnH ky boilAw, “mhwrwj, mYnUM A`j qoN iksy qr& dI Jwk nhIN rhI[ mYN pUry qOr ’qy Awp dy dr dw bMdw bx igAw hW[” (srUp isMG kOiSS, gurU kIAW swKIAW)[

bMdw isMG dw KMfy dI pwhul lYxw

kuJ idnW mgroN, 4 sqMbr 1708 dy idn, bMdw isMG ny KMfy dI pwhul leI[ siqgurW ny Awpxy dsq mubwrk nwl aus nUM kMGw, ikrpwn, kVw, kCihrw Byt kIqy[ isr ’qy CotI dsqwr -kyskI sjw ky bYrwgI qoN isMG rUp ivc lY AWdw[ siqgurW ies nUM BweI dieAw isMG qy iqMn hor is`KW nUM lY ky Awpxy h`QIN mwDo dws nUM KMfy dI pwhul dy ky isMG sjw id`qw[ siqgurW aus dw nW bMdw isMG r`iKAw[ ies mOky ’qy isMGW ny ‘Akwl! Akwl!’ dy jYkwry gjw ky Awsmwn guMjw id`qw[ (lyKk mYks AwrQr mYkwil& ny iksy BulyKy ivc iliKAw sI ik aus dw nW gurb^S isMG r`iKAw igAw sI jo iksy vI somy ivc iliKAw nhIN imldw)[

AwrIAw smwjIAW Aqy hor i&rkU ihMdU ilKwrIAW ny iek swizS hyT bMdw isMG nUM iek ‘bYrwgI swDU’ dy qOr ’qy pyS krn dI nwjwiez qy nwkwm koiSS kIqI hY qy ieh prcwirAw hY ik aus ny KMfy dI pwhul nhIN leI sI[ ies JUT prcwr dI SurUAwq, iek i&rkU ihMdU lyKk BweI prmw nMd ny, 1925 ivc, iek ihMdI ikqwb bMdw bYrwgI ilK ky kIqI sI[(ieh prmw nMd Awpxy Awp nUM BweI mqI dws ShId dI kol coN dsdw sI pr ieh shI nhIN hY[ prmw nMd, bMdw isMG nwl ShId hox vwly, BweI rwey isMG hzUrI qoN CyvyN QW sI Aqy BweI rwey isMG jMqI dws dw puqr, kbUlw dw poqw qy dvwrkw dws dw pVpoqw sI)[ prmw nMd qoN mgroN iek hor AwrIAw smwjI lyKk lwlw dOlq rwey AwrIAw ny swihby kmwl ikqwb ilK ky iehI prcwr kIqw qy iPr fw: hrI rwm gupqw ny ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz (ijld dUjI) ivc iehI JUT prcwirAw

sI[ ieh i&rkU ilKwrI is`KW nUM nIm-ihMdU jW kysW vwly ihMdU swibq krn vwsqy, swry qvwrI^I soimAW nUM nzr-AMdwz kr ky, JUT ilKdy rhy hn[

bMdw isMG v`loN pwhul lYx dw sB qoN vDIAw vyrvw srUp isMG kOiSS ny B`t vhIAW dy ADwr ’qy ilKI ikqwb gurU kIAW swKIAW (1790) id`qw hY (jo aupr Aw cukw hY)[ ies qoN ielwvw imrzw mubwrku`lw ierwdq ^wn dI qwrI^y ierwdq ^wn (1714), muhMmd AlI ^wn AMswrI dI qwrI^y muz`&rI (1788), Zulwm husYn dI isAwrul muqw^rIn (1836), AlI-aud-dIn mu&qI dI iebrqnwmw (1854), gxyS dws vFyrw dI

cwry bwZy	pMjwb (1855), knHeIAw lwl dI qwrI^y pMjwb (1881), Aihmd Swh btwlIAw dI ikqwby	ihMd
(1885),	muhMmd lqI& dI qwrI^y pMjwb, AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn dI ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw AYz tolf	bwey

iets ihstorIAnz vrgIAW &wrsI ilKqW ivc vI bMdw isMG dy KMfy dI pwhul lYx dw izkr hY[

pMjwbI soimAW iv`coN kysr isMG iCbr dI ‘bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW dw’ (1769), rqn isMG BMgU dw ‘pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS’ (1808, 1841), igAwnI igAwn isMG dI SmSIr Kwlsw (1880) ivc vI pwhul dw izkr hY[ krm isMG ihstorIAn Aqy igAwnI krqwr isMG klwsvwlIAw, ijhVy pihlW pwhul bwry ilKxw Bu`l gey sn, ny vI nvIAW AYfISnW ivc bMdw isMG dy pwhul lYx dw izkr kIqw sI[

ihMdU ilKwrIAW iv`coN ZYr-AwrIAw smwjI lyKkW ny vI bMdw isMG dy pwhul lYx dw izkr kIqw hY[ ienHW ivc rwDw ikRSn (goSw-ie-pMjwb), bynI prswd (gurU goibMd isMG), rwjw ivkrm isMh (gurU goibMd isMG), suirMdr Srmw (gurU goibMd isMG) qy keI hor Swiml hn[ AMgryzI lyKkW iv`coN jymz brwaUn (ieMfIAn trYkts), mYkgrygr (ihstrI Aw& d isKz), sI. AYc. pyAn (d is`Kz) vI ies dI qweId krdy hn[ so, AYNtI-is`K pRcwrkW nUM C`f ky, swry ieh mnUdy hn ik bMdw isMG ny pwhul leI sI qy auh bYrwgI nhIN sI irhw[ auN\ vI jy aus ny pwhul nw leI huMdI qW aus dw nW, bMdw isMG nhIN, mwDo dws jW lCmx dws hoxw sI[ qvwrI^ ivc aus dw nW bMdw isMG hox kr ky hI hY, nw ik mwDo dws (jw lCmx dws) hox kr ky[ jy auh is`K nw bxdw qW hor l`KW bYrwgIAW qy jogIAW vWg auh vI ies dunIAW qoN tur igAw huMdw qy aus nUM koeI nw jwxdw huMdw[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy QwpVy ny, dunIAW C`f cuky, bymwAnw izMdgI jIA rhy, iek nkwry ijhyy, pwKMfI qy hMkwry hoey, bYrwgI nUM dunIAW dI qvwrI^ dw iek lwswnI hIro bxw id`qw)[ KMfy dI pwhul lY ky, ihrnI qy bkry mwry jwx qoN vI qrbHk jwx vwlw ‘mwDo dws aur& lCmx dws’ iek dlyr, infr, bhwdr jrnYl bx igAw[ bYrwgI bx ky auh kuJ vI nhIN sI bx sikAw pr pwhul lY ky auh AzIm hsqI bx igAw[

iek idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik 1708 ivc bMdw isMG nwl iek vI bYrwgI nhIN sI igAw[ auN\ aus qoN mgroN vI koeI bYrwgI nhIN auiTAw, jo mulk ivc vrq rhy hnyr dy i^lw& auT sky[ jd pMjwb ivc G`lUGwry vrq rhy sn qW ieh bYrwgI audoN ikqy nzr nhIN Awey[ ieh bYrwgI qW mYdwn C`f ky B`jy hoey sn pr KMfy dI pwhul lYx vwly swbkw bYrwgI ny pMjwb dw nkSw bdl id`qw qy dunIAW Br dy qsIhy sih ky vI au& qk vI nw kIqI qy is`KI kysW suAwsW nwl inBweI (dUjy pwsy iSvwjI mrh`tw dw juAweI vI, mrnoN frdw, muslmwn bx igAw sI)[

pwhul dyx mgroN gurU jI ny bMdw isMG (mwDo dws) ƒ pMjwb dI hwlq ibAwn kIqI[ aunHW ny AnMdpur swihb ’qy phwVIAW Aqy muZlW dy hmilAW, is`KW dy au~QoN inklx, qlvMfI swbo pu`jx Aqy bhwdr Swh dI bdnIAqI dI q&sIl d`sI[ aunHW ny muZlW dy zulmW dI khwxI vI suxweI[ ieh sB sux ky bMdw isMG dw ichrw auudws ho igAw[ gurU jI ny aus ƒ smJwieAw ik ieh vylw audws jW inµmoJUxw hox dw nhIN blik ies zulm dw nws krn dw hY[ bMdw isMG ny iek dm ikhw “mYN qW hux Awp jI dw bMdw hW mYƒ hukm kro[” gurU jI ny aus ƒ AwiKAw ik auh zwlmW ƒ szw dyx vwsqy &Oj dI jQydwrI sMBwly[ bMdw isMG ny iek dm AwpxI rzwmMdI zwihr kr idqI[ qkrIbn iek mhInw gurU swihb bMdw isMG nUM is`K i&lws&I Aqy qvwrI^ smJwauNdy rhy qy nwl hI aus dy is`Ky sbk dw iemiqhwn vI lYNdy rhy[

bMdw isMG bhwdr dI pMjwb v`l rvwngI

ienHIN idnIN BweI BgvMq isMG bMgySrI dw tWfw (vpwirk kw&lw) vI auDroN lMG irhw sI[ jd aus ƒ pqw lgw ik gurU swihb nMdyV ivc ruky hoey hn qW auh gurU jI ƒ imlx AwieAw[ gurU jI ny aus nwl ivcwr kr ky bMdw isMG ƒ aus dy tWfy ivc pMjwb Byjx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ bMdw isMG 5 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn nMdyV qoN pMjwb vl cl ipAw[ gurU jI ny aus dw swQ dyx vwsqy kuJ isMG vI nwl Byjy[ (rqn isMG

BMgU ienHW nUM ‘pMj muKI isMG’ kihMdw hY qy ienHW dy nW ibnod isMG, kwhn isMG, bwj isMG, rx isMG qy rwm isMG ilKdw hY[ srUp isMG kOiSS dI ‘gurU kIAW swKIAW’ Aqy B`t vhIAW ivc ienHW pMjW ivcoN rx isMG qy

rwm isMG dw koeI izkr nhIN hY[ ho skdw hY ik rqn isMG ny Asl nW pqw nw lg skx kr ky Awpxy koloN pw id`qy hox[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik ieh nW AKOqI q`q Kwlsw ny mgroN prcwry hox[

gurU jI ny bMdw isMG ƒ Kwlsy dw nIlw inSwn swihb, iek ngwrw qy pMj qIr vI idqy[ ies qoN ielwvw gurU jI ny aus ƒ iek ic`TI (ijs ƒ hukmnwmw vI ikhw jWdw hY) vI id`qI ijs ivc is`KW dy nW pYZwm iliKAw hoieAw sI ik auh bMdw isMG dw qih-idloN swQ dyx[

bMdw isMG Ajy pMjwb dy rsqy ivc hI sI ik aus ƒ gurU goibMd isMG swihb ’qy pTwxW dy hmly Aqy aunHW dI ShIdI dw pqw lgw[ pr auh gurU jI v`loN sONipAw imSn pUrw krn dI soc nUM swhvyN r`K ky vwips nhIN muiVAw qy pMjwb vl vDdw igAw[ aus ny rsqy ivc mhWrwStr qy ^wn dys (burhwnpur vZYrw) lMG ky mMdsOr, Ajmyr, Pulyrw, curU, Brqpur vZYrw ivc pVwA kIqy[ qkrIbn cwr mhIny ivc, cOdW sO iklomItr &wslw qYA kr ky, bMdw isMG bWgr dys ivc, prgxw KrKOdw dy ielwky ivc pu`j igAw[

bMdw isMG ny KrKOdw prgxw dy ipMfW (KrKOdw qoN KWfw 6 iklomItr dUr qy syhrI 9 iklomItr dUr) syihrI Aqy KWfw ivckwrly jMgl ivc (ij`Qy nyVy hI dwdw GoFw nW dI v`fI Fwb sI) Awpxw pVwA kIqw (KrKOdw, sWplw qihsIl ivc, sWplw qy sonIpq dy ivckwr, id`lI dy auqr-p`Cm ivc, id`lI qoN qkrIbn 40 qy sonIpq qoN 30 iklomItr dUr hY)[ audoN ieh ielwkw aujwV bIAwbwn qy jMgl hox kr ky kw&I h`d qk mih&Uz sI[ ie`QoN bMdw isMG ny pMjwb dys ivc v`K-v`K ielwikAW dy muKI is`KW ƒ ^q Byj ky gurU swihb dw pYZwm idqw Aqy hiQAwrbMd ho ky bWgr dys ivc pu`jx vwsqy AwiKAw[ kuJ hI idnW ivc pMj sO dy krIb is`K aus kol pu`j gey[

bMdw isMG dw pihlw AYkSn sonIpq ivc sI[ BwvyN is`KW dI igxqI QoVHI sI, pr sonIpq dw &Ojdwr aunHW dw twkrw krn dI bjwie frdw -mwrw ngr C`f ky id`lI ƒ n`s igAw[ is`KW ny SwhI ^zwnw, GoVy Aqy hiQAwr lu`t ley pr Awm jnqw ƒ kuJ vI nw ikhw[ hux bMdw isMG kol QoVHI-bhuq rkm Aw cukI sI qy kuJ cMgy hiQAwr vI sn[ BwvyN sonIpq is`KW dy kbzy ivc Aw cukw sI pr aunHW ny au~Qy nw Tihrn dw &Yslw kIqw ikauN ik is`K &OjW Ajy igxqI p`KoN bhuq QoVHIAW sn[

SwhI ^zwnw Kohxw

ienHIN idnIN hI bMdw isMG nUM pqw l`gw ik muZl srkwr dw SwhI ^zwnw lY ky iek &OjI dsqw id`lI jw irhw hY qy aus vyly auh kYQl qoN 20 iklomItr dUr, bhUx (BUx) ipMf ivc, pVwA kr irhw hY[ ieh pqw lgx ’qy is`KW ny bhUx ipMf v`l cwly pw id`qy Aqy SwhI ^zwnw ilAw rhy Amly ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[

BwVy dy muZl &OjI is`KW dy Acwxk hmly qoN Gbrw gey qy fr ky B`j gey qy ^zwnw is`KW dy h`Q Aw igAw[ ie`QoN B`jy muZl &OjIAW ny kYQl jw ky au~QoN dy Awiml (Cotw &Ojdwr) nUM ^br id`qI[ kYQl dw Awiml ihMdU sI pr auh muZlW dw bVw v`fw v&wdwr sI[ muZlW nUM AwpxI v&wdwrI idKwaux vwsqy auh Awpxy swQIAW nUM lY ky au~Qy pu`jw[ kYQl dy &OjI j`Qy dy Awaux dI ^br is`KW nUM AgwaUN hI iml geI sI ies kr ky auh dr^qW Aqy KoilAW ivc luk gey sn[ jd muZl &OjI nyVy Awey qW is`KW ny Acwxk hmlw kr idqw[ is`KW dy AYkSn dOrwn bhuq swry SwhI ispwhI mwry gey[ Awiml ^ud Awp is`KW dy Gyry ivc Aw igAw[ aus ny is`KW dI qwkq vyK ky hiQAwr su`t id`qy[ aus ny is`KW dI isrdwrI mMn leI qy jwn b^SI dI Arz kIqI[ bMdw isMG ny aus dI Arz kbUl kr leI qy aus nUM Awpxy v`loN aus ielwky dw Awiml bxw id`qw[ kYQl dy ^zwny coN imly mwl Aqy kwbU kIqy GoiVAW nUM bMdw isMG ny swQIAW ivc vMf id`qw qy Awp kuJ vI nw r`iKAw[ bMdw isMG dI ies g`l ny is`KW dy idlW ’qy bVw fUMGw Asr pwieAw qy auh aus dI pihlW qoN vI vD ie`zq krn lg pey[

ies qoN QoVHy idn mgroN hI BweI rUpw, BweI bihlo Aqy mwlvy dy bhuq swry is`K prvwrW dy bhuq swry jvwn GoiVAW Aqy hiQAwrW nwl lYs ho ky bMdw isMG dy kYNp ivc phMuc gey[ kuJ hI h&iqAW ivc ieh igxqI iqMn -cwr hzwr qoN vI vD geI[ bMdw isMG ny is`KW ƒ smJwieAw ik swfI sB qoN v`fI kwrvweI srhMd ivc hovygI[ pr aus vwsqy iek v`fI &Oj Aqy coKI igxqI ivc vDIAw hiQAwrW dI loV hovygI[ ieh inSwnw hwisl krn vwsqy swƒ pihlW kuJ SwhI Aslw -KwinAW ‘qy kbzw krnw pvygw[ ies mksd vwsqy bMdw isMG ny nwrnOl, iBvwnI, ihswr vZYrw ’qy hmly kIqy Aqy Aslw qy ^zwny Koh ley[ ies smyN dOrwn hI hor vI bhuq swry is`K aus dy kYNp ivc Aw Swiml hoey sn[

ies dy nwl hI bMdw isMG ny &Yslw kIqw ik srhMd ’qy hmlw krn qoN pihlW ies dy Awly- duAwly dy ikilHAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jwvy qW jo srhMd dy hwkm nUM iksy pwisEN koeI mdd imlx dI Aws nw rhy[ dUjw is`K &OjW nUM bhuq swry hiQAwr, GoiVAW Aqy pYsy dI vI loV sI[ ies swry vwsqy smwxw qoN vDIAw

koeI hor jgh nhIN sI ho skdI[ ies soc nwl aus ny sB qoN pihlW smwxw ’qy kbzw krn dw plwn bxwieAw[

smwxw dI ij`q

iksy zmwny ivc smwxw mwlvw qy bWgr dys dI rwjDwnI irhw sI[ 1360 ivc i&rozSwh quglk ny smwxw dI QW srhMd ƒ rwjDwnI bxw idqw qy smwxw ngr dI AhmIAq Gt geI[ iPr vI, 1709 ivc vI, ies dy nON prgny sn[ Ajy vI bhuq swry AmIr-vzIr eyQy hI rihMdy sn[ Aijhy lok sYNkiVAW dI igxqI ivc sn[ ienHW ivcoN 22 aumrw (AmIr dw bhu vcn) qW auh sn ijnHW nUM injI pwlkIAW ivc Awaux-jwx dw h`k hwisl sI[ ienHW swirAW dIAW hvylIAW ikilHAW vrgIAW sn[ ie`QoN dw muK iklHw vI bVw mzbUq sI (ies iklHy dI kMD dw iek ih`sw Aj vI mOjUd hY)[ pr smwxy dy ies v`fy iklHy ivc muZl &OjW dI igxqI koeI bhuqI nhIN sI ikauNik au~QoN dy &Ojdwr ƒ kdy vI iksy hmly dI Aws nhIN sI qy is`KW dw hmlw qW auh su&ny ivc vI nhIN sI soc skdw[

smwxw dw is`K qvwrI^ nwl iek hor sbMD vI sI[ 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn cWdnI cOk id`lI ivc gurU qyg bhwdr swihb dw isr DV qoN judw krn vwlw j`lwd s`Xd jlwlu“dIn ie`QoN dw hI sI[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy dohW in`ky swihbzwidAW ƒ vI iesy Sihr dy j`lwdW seIAd SwSl byZ qy bwSl byZ ny hI, 12 dsMbr 1705 dy idn, kql kIqw sI[ AnMdpur swihb ’c 4 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gurU swihb nUM bwdSwh dI nklI ic`TI phMucwaux vwlw s`Xd AlI husYn vI ie`QoN dw hI sI[ is`K ies ƒ “j`lwdW dw Sihr” AwK ky cyqy krdy sn[ ies kr ky vI bMdw isMG ny sB qoN pihlW (jo aunHW dI pnwhgwh KWfw qoN 90 iklomItr dUr sI) iesy Sihr ƒ soDx dw &Yslw kIqw[

26 nvMbr 1709 dy idn qVkswr hI bwbw bMdw isMG dI AgvweI ivc is`K &OjW ny Acwnk hI smwxy ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ Sihr dy muZl hwkm aus vyly by^br sn[ is`KW ny ie`ko h`ly ivc hI Sihr dw iek drvwzw qoV idqw Aqy mukwblw krn vwly hr iek &OjI ƒ kql krnw SurU kr idqw[ mugl &OjW ny kw&I mukwblw kIqw pr kuJ hI GMitAW ivc ngr Aqy ies dy iklHy ‘qy is`KW dw kbzw ho cukw sI[

smwxy au~qy kbzw krn mgroN bMdw isMG bhwdr ny AYlwn kIqw iksy vI inrdoS bMdy ƒ kuJ nhIN ikhw jwvygw Aqy isr& zwlm hwkmW Aqy j`lwdW ƒ hI szw idqI jwvygI[ mukwmI lokW ivc bhuqy Awm muslmwn ikswn hI sn jo zmInW dy mwlk nhIN sn blik muzwry sn[ auh muZl qy j`lwd s`Xd jgIrdwrW qoN bhuq duKI sn[ ies kr ky aunHW nUM jgIrdwrW qy AmIrW nwl koeI hmdrdI nhIN sI[ ienHW ikswnW ny is`K &OjW dw mukwblw qW kI krnw sI sgoN aunHW ny is`KW dw swQ id`qw qy AmIrW qy zwlmW bwry vwk&I id`qI[ ienHW qoN vwk&I hwisl kr ky is`K &OjW ny AmIrW, vzIrW Aqy j`lwdW dIAW iklHw-numw hvylIAW qy GrW dI inSwn-dyhI kIqI Aqy ienHW swirAW ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ aunHW ny AwpxIAW hvylIAW Aqy ikilHAW iv`coN is`KW ’qy golwbwrI krnI qy A`g vrHwauxI SurU kr id`qI[ is`K ies ^qrnwk hmly dy bwvjUd fty rhy[ A^Ir mjbUr ho ky is`KW ny ienHW iklHw-numw hvylIAW nUM A`g lw id`qI ijs nwl bhuq swry s`Xd muZl AMdr sV ky mr gey qy ijhVy A`g qoN bcx vwsqy hiQAwr lY ky bwhr inkly auh is`K &OjW dIAW qlvwrW qy nyizAW dw iSkwr bx gey[ qVky qoN lY ky Swm qk smwxw dIAW glIAW ivc zbrdsq lVweI cldI rhI[ keI muZl qy s`Xd qW jwn qoV ky lVy pr A^Ir mwry gey[

Ajy Swm pUrI qrHW FlI nhIN sI ik is`KW dw twkrw krn vwly swry muZl qy s`Xd ^qm ho cuky sn jW Sihr ’coN dOV cuky sn[ hux Sihr ivc Awm ikswnW qy mzdUrW qo isvw hwkm jmwq dy isr& b`cy, AOrqW qy kuJ kU auh bu`Fy hI rih gey sn ijnHW ny is`KW dw mukwblw nhIN sI kIqw[

is`KW ny iksy vI AOrq, bu`Fy qy b`cy ƒ kuJ vI nw ikhw[ is`KW ny qW iksy msIq ’qy vI hmlw nhIN sI kIqw ikauNik is`KW dI ieh lVweI ieslwm dy i^lw& nhIN sI blik zulm dy i^lw& sI[ ies kr ky A`j vI smwxw ivc aus zmwny dIAW Gt qoN Gt drjn msIqW, mkbry qy hor eImwrqW mOjUd hn[

rwq pYx qoN pihlW smwxw is`KW dy kbzy ivc Aw cukw sI[ ies lVweI dOrwn mrn vwilAW muZlW qy s`XdW dI igxqI v`K-v`K somy pMj qoN ds hzwr qk ilKdy hn[ isr& mOqW hI nhIN blik Sihr dIAW bhuqIAW hvylIAW sV ky suAwh ho cukIAW sn[ smwxw dy Awm ikrswn s`XdW qy muZl hwkmW dy zulmW dw sdIAW qoN iSkwr cly Aw rhy sn[ ies kr ky ies mOky ’qy muslmwn mujwirAW ny vI s`XdW, pTwnW qy muZlW qoN Awpxy bdly ley pr aunHW dw bhuqw gu`sw lu`t-mwr krn qk hI sImq sI[ AgznI dIAW vwrdwqW vDyry kr ky ienHW duKI lokW ny hI kIqIAW sn[

smwxy ’qy kbzy dOrwn is`K &OjW ƒ hiQAwrW dw v`fw ^zwnw, bhuq swrw sonw, hIry, cWdI qy rupY Aqy sYNkVy GoVy hwisl hoey[ hux is`K &Oj kol kw&I Aslw qy GoVy Aw cuky sn Aqy auh iksy vI v`fy ngr ’qy hmlw krn dI hYsIAq ivc sI[ smwxy ’qy kbzy ivc sB qoN vD rol BweI &qih isMG (BweI BgqU prvwr ’coN) dw sI[ bMdw isMG ny BweI &qih isMG ƒ smwxw dw &Ojdwr qwienwq kIqw Aqy kuJ &Oj aus leI rIzrv kr ky Agly AYkSn dI iqAwrI SurU kr idqI[ ies vyly qk is`K &Oj ivc 10-12 hzwr is`K Swiml ho cuky sn[ ^w&I ^wn muqwibk:

“do qoN iqMn mhIny ivc hI cwr qoN pMj hzwr GOVsvwr Aqy s`q qoN A`T hzwr pYdl bMdy aus nwl Aw rly[ hr idn aunHW dI igxqI vDdI geI Aqy aunHW ny coKw mwl lu`t ilAw[ CyqI hI ATwrW qoN au~nI hzwr bMidAW ny lu`t dw dOr SUru kr idqw[“ⁱ

smwxw ivcoN kuJ ku muslmwn AmIr bc ky inklx ivc kwmXwb ho gey sn qy aunHW ivcoN bhuqy Qwnysr, murqzwpur qy iphovw cly gey sn[

srhMd dy Awly-duAwly dy ikilHAW ’qy kbzy

GuVwm ’qy kbzw

smwxy mgroN bMdw isMG ny (35 iklomItr dUr) GuVwm (purwxw nW kuhrwm) vl cVHweI kr id`qI[ aunHW rsqy ivc pRwcIn ngr snOr (smwxw qoN qkrIbn 28 Aqy pitAwlw qoN 3 iklomItr dUr) ’qy hmlw kr ky ies ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[

ieQoN dOlq qy Aslw lY ky is`K POjW ny GuVwmⁱⁱ vl (snOr qoN 20 kU iklomItr) kUc kIqw[ ikauNik bMdw isMG cwhMudw sI ik srhMd ’qy hmlw krn qoN pihlW ies dy Awly-duAwly dy swry ikilHAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jwvy, ies kr ky is`K &OjW vwsqy ieh iklHw ij`qxw vI zrUrI sI[ jd is`K &OjW ny GuVwm ’qy hmlw kIqw qW ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr ny ft ky mukwblw kIqw[ ies Gmswx dy jMg ivc is`K qy muslmwn dohW &OjW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw pr A^Ir ij`q is`KW dI hI hoeI Aqy iklHw, GoVy, hiQAwr Aqy ^zwnw is`KW dy h`Q Aw igAw[ (hux GuVwm dy iklHy dIAW kuJ kU inSwnIAW hI bcIAW hn)[

Tsky ’qy hmlw

GuVwm ij`qx mgroN bMdw isMG ny, ie`QoN hor 20 iklomItr A`gy, Tskw (ijs ƒ ‘Tskw mIrW jI’ vI kihMdy sn) vl cVHweI kr id`qI[ ies Sihr ivc sYNkVy seIAd, muZl, Sy^ qy hor AmIr rihMdy sn[ ie`QoN dy keI muslmwn ‘pIr’ hox dw pwKMf krdy sn[ aunW ny Awpxy kol ZYbI qwkq hox dw JUTw prcwr kr ky Awm lokW ƒ auvyN hI byvkU& bxwieAw hoieAw sI ijvyN muhMmd ZOrI dy somnwQ mMdr ’qy hmly (1027) qoN pihlW bRwhmxW ny ihMdUAW ƒ Aqy bwbr dy eymnwbwd ’qy hmly (1520) vyly pTwnW ny muslmwnW nUM byvkU& bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ (eymnwbwd dy hmly bwry

pVHo: ‘bwbrvwxI’ dy nW nwl jwixAw jwx vwlw gurU nwnk swihb dw Sbd)[ ijvyN ZOrI jW bwbr dy hmly vyly ihMdUAW jW pTwnW dw koeI mMqr vI kMm nhIN AwieAw sI hux vI ienHW kwZzI pIrW-

&kIrW dy AKOqI ‘kwly ielm’ dw koeI Asr nw hoieAw[ A^Ir Tsky dw iek pIr zw&r AlI, mUMh ivc Gwh lY ky, bMdw isMG kol pyS hoieAw qy kihx lgw “AsIN quhwfIAW gaUAW hW[ swƒ b^S idE[” ieh sux ky bMdw isMG ny jvwb id`qw “gaU ihMdUAW vwsqy piv`qr hY, is`K vwsqy nhIN, pr quhwfw muAw&Inwmw hI kw&I hY[ AsIN iksy mwsUm bMdy ƒ nukswn nhIN phMucwvWgy qy isr& zwlm hwkmW ƒ hI szw dyvWgy[” ies mgroN Sihr dy bhuq swry AmIrW ny is`K &OjW nUM nzrwny pyS kIqy[ bMdw isMG ny aunHW ƒ b^S idqw, pr zwlm AihlkwrW ƒ aunHW dy jurmW muqwibk szwvW idqIAW geIAW[

Qwnysr Aqy Swhbwd (mwrkMfw) ’qy kbzw

Tsky mgroN bMdw isMG ny (30 iklomItr dUr) Qwnysr vl kUc kIqw Aqy ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw ie`QoN auh, mwrkMfw dirAw dy kMFy vsy hoey ngr, Swhbwd (Qwnysr qoN 30 iklomItr) vl cl ipAw[ jdoN ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K ieDr Aw rhy hn qW auh fr igAw Aqy

Sihr C`f ky t`br sxy id`lI vl dOV igAw[ jdoN is`K &OjW Swhbwd p`ujIAW qW SwhI &Oj ny ic`tw JMfw KVw kr ky is`KW dI isrdwrI kbUl kr leI[ ies mgroN SwhI ^zwnw, GoVy, Aslw Awpxy kbzy ivc krn mgroN AmIrW qoN nzrwny lY ky bMdw isMG A`gy cl ipAw[

musq&wbwd ’qy kbzw
hux is`K &OjW ny (Swhbwd qoN 40 iklomItr dUr) iek hor Aihm ngr musq&wbwd v`l cwly pw ley[ jd is`K ies ngr dy nyVy pu`jy qW ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr ny 2000 &OjI do qopW dy ky is`KW dw rwh rokx vwsqy Byj id`qy[ jd is`K &Oj ivc rly hoey ihMdU lutyirAW nUM ies dw pqw l`gw qW auh jwn bcwaux vwsqy dOV gey pr is`K sUrbIr mYdwn ivc fty rhy[ is`KW ny iek dm iek zordwr h`lw kIqw qW muZl &OjW Gbrw ky dOV geIAW[ auh jwx l`igAW iek qop vI ip`Cy C`f gey jo is`KW ny kbzy ivc lY leI[ ies mgroN is`K &OjW ny ies ngr ivc hwkmW Aqy AmIrW dy ^zwny hOly kIqy[

kMujpurw ’qy hmlw

bMdw isMG srhMd ’qy kbzw krnw cwhMudw sI pr aus dI iqAwrI Ajy pUrI nhIN sI ho skI[ aunHIN idnIN vzIr ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd) dw iek jwsUs is`K &OjW dI sUh lYNdw PiVAw igAw[ is`KW ny aus ƒ mwrn dI QW bMdw isMG ny aus dy h`Q vzIr ^wn ƒ pYZwm ByijAw ik “AsIN hux srhMd ’qy hmlw krnw hY, aus ƒ kho iqAwrI kr lvy[” is`KW ny ieh vI ikhw sI ik ies qoN pihlW aus dy j`dI ipMf kuMjpurw ’qy vI kbzw krWgy[ jdoN is`KW ny Tskw mwr ilAw qW vzIr Kwn ƒ

XkIn Aw igAw sI ik hux is`K aus dy ipMf kMujpurw (mus&wbwd qoN 75 iklomItr, krnwl qoN 13 iklomItr) ’qy zrUr hmlw krngy[ ieh soc ky aus ny do hzwr GoVsvwr, cwr hzwr pYdl &Oj Aqy do v`fIAW qopW, kMujpurw dI ih&wzq vwsqy rvwnw kr idqIAW[ pr, ies qoN pihlW ik vzIr ^wn dI &Oj phMuc skdI is`KW ny kMujpurw ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ jd vzIr ^wn dI &Oj au~Qy pu`jI qW is`KW &OjW ny iek-dm hmlw kr ky aunHW dIAW qopW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw Aqy sYNkVy hmlwvr

&OjI mwr mukwey[ mwr Kwx mgroN pTwx Aqy muZl &OjW B`j geIAW[ ies nwl do qopW qoN ielwvw hor vI bVw Aslw is`KW dy h`Q AwieAw[ ies mgroN is`KW ny audoN dy iek hor Aihm ngr dHwmlw ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[

kpUrI dI ij`q

puAwD dy ies ielwky ivc kpUrI (sFOrw qoN 13 iklomItr) iek hor Aihm ngr sI[ ies dw hwkm kdm-aud-dIn sI[ auh Amwnu`lw dw pu`qr sI jo AOrMgzyb dy zmwny ivc gujrwq dw

&Ojdwr sI[ kdm-aud-dIn vI iek zwlm Aqy A`XwS bMdw sI[ auh ihMdUAW dIAW DIAW-nUMhW cuk ky lY jWdw sI Aqy aunHW nwl jbr-znwh krdw sI[ aus ny qW iek spYSl &Oj iqAwr kIqI hoeI sI jo hr vyly ipMfW ivc c`kr k`FdI rihMdI sI[ ies &Oj dw kMm ieh pqw krnw sI ik iks ihMdU dI DI dw ivAwh ho irhw hY jW iks dI DI jvwn ho geI hY[ pqw l`gx mgroN kdm-aud-dIn aus nUM cukvw lYNdw sI Aqy kuJ idn Bogx mgroN C`f dyNdw sI[ aus dI kwm Bu`K eynI GtIAw sI ik auh Awpxy prgxy hI nhIN blik hornW ielwikAW iv`coN vI ihMdU kuVIAW cukvw ilAw krdw sI[ aus ny hornW hwkmW vWg dOlq vI ^Ub iek`TI kIqI hoeI sI[ aus nUM Awpxy ipE dI vI bhuq swrI dOlq imlI hoeI sI[ aus nUM ies dOlq dw vI hMkwr sI[

iek idn kpUrI dy kuJ ihMdU bMdw isMG bhwdr ƒ imly Aqy kdm-aud-dIn dy zulmW bwry disAw[ Agly idn hI bMdw isMG ny kpUrI ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ kdm-aud-dIn ny kuJ icr qW is`K &OjW dw twkrw kIqw, pr aus dI AOrqW cu`kx vwlI burCwgrd &Oj, bhwdr is`KW dw kI mukwblw kr skdI sI? CyqI hI ieh guMfy qy bdmwS ispwhI mYdwn C`f ky B`j gey[ kdm-aud-dIn ny is`K &OjW A`gy hiQAwr su`tx dI QW Awpxy Awp ƒ AwpxI hvylI ivc kYd kr ilAw[ is`K &OjW ny ies pwpI ƒ szw dyx vwsqy aus dI hvylI ƒ A`g lw idqI[ kdm-aud-dIn hvylI ivc hI sV ky mr igAw[ iek muslmwn vwsqy sV mrn qoN v`fI szw koeI nhIN ho skdI[

sFOrw dI &qh

sFOrw dw zwlm hwkm ausmwn ^wn vI is`K &OjW dy inSwny ’qy sI[ ausmwn ^wn ny gurU goibMd swihb dy iek muslmwn murId seIAd bdr`udIn (pIr b`uDU Swh) Aqy aus dy prvwr ’qy bVy zulm Fwey sn qy aunHW ƒ is`KW dw swQI AwK ky ShId kIqw sI[ ausmwn ^wn ’qy ieh vI ielzwm sI ik auh ZYr-muslmwnW ƒ s^q n&rq krdw sI Aqy aunHW ’qy zulm krn Aqy aunHW dIAW DIAW-BYxW dI Azmq lu`tx dw koeI mOkw nhIN sI guAwauNdw[ ies kr ky kpUrI ’qy ij`q qoN mgroN bMdw isMG ny sFOrw vl kUc kr idqw[ ies vyly qk bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW dI igxqI 35 qoN 40 hzwr qk ho cukI sI[ jYpur irAwsq dy SwhI irkwrf ivc ieh igxqI 70 hzwr dy krIb d`sI geI hY jo shI nhIN jwpdI[ ihstorIAn hrI rwm gupqw muqwibk ies &Oj ivc ivc is`KW qoN ielwvw keI ihMdU vI sn, ijnHW ivcoN bhuqy auhI sn jo muslmwn AmIrW dy GrW dI l`ut dI soc nwl Awey hoey sn[

jdoN bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW sFOry dy nyVy phMucIAW qW ausmwn ^wn dIAW pihlW qoN hI iqAw KVIAW qopW ny is`K &OjW ’qy goly dwgxy SurU kr idqy[ ies nwl keI is`K ShId ho gey pr ies dy bwvjUd is`K &OjI A`gy vDdy gey Aqy swrw zor lw ky ngr dw drvwzw qoV idqw[ Sihr dy AMdr ausmwn ^wn dIAW &OjW Aqy is`K &OjW ivckwr Gmswx dI jMg hoeI[ ies mOky ’qy pIr b`uDU Swh dy pirvwr ivcoN kuJ S^s is`K &OjW dw swQ dy rhy sn, ies kr ky aunHW ƒ Sihr ’qy kbzw krn ivc bhuqI muSikl nhIN AweI[ sFOrw dy keI nvwb, vzIr qy AmIr ic`tw JMfw lY ky Aqy mMUh ivc Gwh lY ky bMdw isMG kol pyS hoey Aqy rihm dI iB`iKAw mMgI[ bMdw isMG ny aunHW ƒ muAw& kr id`qw pr aunHW qoN ieh vwAdw ilAw ik auh A`goN qoN is`K &OjW dy v&wdwr rihxgy[

BwvyN hor swirAW ny hiQAwr sut id`qy sn pr sFOry dy hwkm ausmwn ^wn ny Awpxy Awp ƒ iklyH dy AMdr bMd kr ilAw[ sFOry dw iklHw bVw mzbUq sI qy ies ƒ ij`qxw iek bVI AOKI muihMm sI[ ies ƒ ij`qx vwsqy lMmy Arsy dw Gyrw Aqy ShIdIAW hoxIAW sn[ bMdw isMG ieh nhIN sI cwhMudw ikauN ik aus dI mMizl qW srhMd Aqy iPr lwhOr sI[ ies vwr iPr pIr b`uDU Swh dy murIdW ny Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ aunHW ny iklHy dy AMdr rwbqw bxw ky aunHW qoN iklHy dw drvwzw KulHvw ilAw Aqy iklHy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ausmwn ^wn ƒ iZRPqwr kr ky szwey-mOq idqI geI[ iklHy ivcoN is`KW ƒ l`KW rupY nkd Aqy bhuq swrw sonw qy hIry jvwhrwq h`Q l`gy[

sFOry ’qy kbzw krn mgroN kuJ idn swrIAW is`K &OjW au~Qy hI itkIAW rhIAW[ iek idn jdoN kuJ is`K GoVy crw rhy sn qW iek aUT dUroN B`jdw AwieAw qy KyqW ’c vV igAw[ aus ƒ KyqW ivcoN k`Fx vwsqy iek &OjI ny iek rwhgIr qoN iek bWs Koh ky aUT ƒ mwrnw SurU kr id`qw[

bWs AMdroN KoKlw hox kr ky tu`t igAw Aqy ivcoN iek ic`TI inkl ky if`g peI[ ieh ic`TI sFOrw dy iksy vzIr-AmIr ny vzIr ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd) ƒ ilKI sI ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik AsIN bMdw isMG ƒ im`TIAW-im`TIAW g`lW ivc PsweI r`KWgy[ ies dOrwn qusIN hmlw kr dyxw qy AsIN vI Sihr dy AMdr is`KW ’qy hmlw kr dyvWgy[ ies nwl jy bMdw isMG igR&qwr nw vI ho sikAw qW gVbV ivc Sihr C`f ky jwn bcwaux vwsqy dOV zrUr jwvygw[ ieh ic`TI pVH ky bMdw isMG ny aunHW Sihr vwsIAW dw iek iek`T bulwieAw ijnHW ny ksmW KwDIAW sn ik auh is`K &OjW dy v&wdwr rihxgy[ ies iek`T ivc bMdw isMG ny svwl kIqw ik ‘vwAdw kr ky ZdwrI krn vwly ƒ kI szw imlxI cwhIdI hY?” swry lokW ny jvwb idqw “mOq”[ ies mgroN bMdw isMG ny rwhgIr qoN PVI ic`TI idKweI[ ieh ic`TI vyK ky swry vzIr-AmIr kMb gey Aqy igVigVw ky muAw&IAW mMgx lg pey[ ies ’qy bMdw isMG ny ikhw ik “quhwfy ivcoN ijhVw vI pIr bu`DU Swh dI hvylI ivc vV jweygw aus ƒ muAw& kr id`qw jweygw[” ies ’qy swry sO-fyF sO bMdy, jo Asl mujirm sn, pIr jI dI hvylI ƒ B`jy[ ies mgroN bMdw isMG ny hvylI ƒ bwhroN jMdrw lvw idqw Aqy hvylI ƒ

A`g lwaux dw hukm dy idqw[ ZdwrI krn vwly swry byeImwn AMdr sV ky mr gey[ ies mgroN iksy ƒ vI, ^uAwb ivc vI, ZdwrI krn dw i^Awl nhIN sI Aw skdw[ bMdw isMG ny Awm lokW nUM kdy vI qMg nhIN sI kIqw BwvyN auh ihMdU sn jW muslmwn[ aus ny qW sFOry ivc msijdW qy mzwrW nUM vI nhIN sI CyiVAw[ A`j vI sFOrw ivc kuqbul Akqwb (Swh Abdul vhwb) dI ^wngwh qy gMjy-ielm vI auvyN hI kwiem hn ijvyN auh 1709 ivc KVHIAW sn[

ieh Gtnw 5 dsMbr 1709 dI hY[ hux sFOry ’qy Kwlsy dw nIlw inSwn swihb Pihrw idqw igAw Aqy Sihr dy ieMqzwm vwsqy iek ‘Kwlsw pMcwieq’ kwiem kr idqI geI[ ienHW GtnwvW dI ^br muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ƒ tofw ngr ivc imlI[ bhwdr Swh ny lwhOr dy sUbydwr qy srhMd &Ojdwr ƒ is`KW dy i^lw& AYkSn lYx vwsqy ^q ilKy[ (audoN is`KW dy inSwn swihb dw rMg gurU swihb dw id`qw nIlw rMg sI)[

Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn dy lyKk muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk bMdw isMG ny sFOrw dw nW ‘AjwiebgVH’ rK id`qw[ AOrMgbwdI ieh nW do jgh (s&w (s&y 64-67 Aqy 68 ’qy) ilKdw h[Y {ies iklHy nUM muZl &OjW ny 19 sqMbr 1713 dy idn Fwhuxw SurU kIqw sI}.

lohgVH nUM rwjDwnI bxwauxw

smwxw, GuVwm, snOr, Tskw mIrWjI, kMujpurw, Swhbwd, dHwmlw, musq&wbwd, kpUrI Aqy sFOrw dI &qih qoN bwAd, &rvrI 1710 ivc, bMdw isMG ny lohgVH ipMf nUM rwjDwnI bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ lohgVH sFOrw qoN 30 ku iklomItr dI iv`Q ’qy iSvwlk phwVIAW ivc, lohgVH Aqy som ndI dy ivckwr, iek ipMf hY[ ie`Qy is`KW dw iek bhuq v`fw iklHw sI[ bMdw isMG ny ies iklyH dIAW dIvwrW, burj Aqy morcy bxw ky ies ƒ vDyyry mih&Uz bxw ilAw[ aus ny ^zwnw, hiQAwrW, Anwj Awid dI sMBwl vwsqy iemwrqW bxvweIAW[ ieM\ hI aunHW &OjIAW, ijnHW nwl pRvwr vI sn, rihx vwsqy irhwieSW vI bxvweIAW[ ies mgroN swrw ^zwnw, vwDU hiQAwr Aqy kw&I imkdwr ivc Anwj vI ies iklHy ivc lY AWdw igAw[

ieh iklHw drjnW phwVW, K`fW Aqy jMgl nwl iGirAw hoieAw sI[ ies kr ky ies ’qy hmlw kr ky ies ƒ ij`qxw Awswn nhIN sI[(lohgVH dy ielwky ƒ fwbr vI iliKAw jWdw sI[ dwbr aus jgh nUM AwKdy hn ijhVI bhuq au~cI hovy qy dirAwvW, jMglW qy phwVIAW nwl iGrI hovy[ lohgVH iklHy dy iqMn pwsy bhuq nIvIN QW sI qy ieh iklHw bhuq hI au~cw sI qy ies dy cOQy pwsy au~cy phwV sn[ fwbr l&z sB qoN pihlW ierwdq ^wn ny qwrI^y ierwdq ^wnI ivc vriqAw hY[

fwbr dy ielwky dy vxjwirAW dw rol

fwbr dy ielwky dy Awly duAwly dy ipMfW dI jgh dw mwilk iek is`K l`KI rwey vxjwrw sI, jo aus smyN eySIAw dw sB qoN v`fw vxjwrw (vpwrI) sI[ l`KI rwey dy vpwr ivc hzwrW mulwzm nOkrI krdy sn[ ieh swry isK sn[ jd bMdw isMG ny lohgVH nUM rwjDwnI bxwieAw qW ieh swry vxjwry aus dy mddgwr bx gey[ kuJ aus dI &Oj dw ih`sw bx gey sn, kuJ aus nUM Kwxw, Aslw qy hor swmwn muh`eIAw krvwauNdy sn qy kuJ muZl srkwr qy &Oj dIAW sUhW ilAwaux dw kMm krdy sn[ muZlW nUM vI Anwj ienHW vxjwirAW qoN hI imldw sI, ies kr ky

muZlW dIAW ^brW ienHW nUM pqw lgdIAW rihMdIAW sn qy auh swrw kuJ auh bMdw isMG qk phuMcw idAw krdy sn[ kwmvr ^wnⁱⁱⁱ vI ies dI qweId krdw hY[

lohgVH dI rwjDwnI qoN bMdw isMG dy AYkSn

srhMd ’qy hmly dI iqAwrI

ApRYl 1710 qk bMdw isMG ny srhMd dy Awly-duAwly dw bhuqw ielwkw muZlW qoN Awzwd krvw ilAw sI[ jmnw Aqy sqluj dirAwvW dy ivckwr dw ielwkw, sxy A`T ikilHAw dy, aus dy kbzy ivc sI[ srhMd BwvyN sUbw id`lI hyT sI, pr ies dI hYsIAq iek sUby vrgI sI[ ie`QoN dw nwzm BwvyN &Ojdwr dI hsqI rKdw sI pr lok ies dy nUM ‘sUbydwr’ hI ikhw krdy sn[ sqluj dirAw qoN jmnw dirAw qk dw ielwkw ies ivc Swiml sI[[ ies dy 28 prgny sn qy ies dI Awmdn 52 l`K rupY swlwnw sI[ ies kr ky ies nUM ‘bwvnI srhMd ‘ vI AwKdy sn[ dirAw Xmnw qy sqluj ivckwrlw ielwkw srhMd dI hkUmq hyT sI[ mlyrkotlw, mwCIvwVw qy rUpV (hux ropV) Awid srhMd dy mwqihq sn[

hux bMdw isMG dw Aglw Aqy v`fw AYkSn sI srhMd dy zwlm hwkmW vzIr ^wn Aqy s`ucw nMd ƒ aunHW dy zulmW dI szw dyxw[ ieDr vzIr ^wn vI bMdw isMG dIAW ij`qW qoN Gbrw igAw sI[ aus ƒ bMdw isMG v`loN kuMjpurw ’qy kbzw krn dw g`usw vI sI[ auh cwhMudw sI ik srhMd ’qy hmlw hox qoN pihlW hI bMdw isMG ’qy hmlw kr dyvy[

bMdw isMG ies vyly C`q-bnUV dy ielwky ivc sI[ vzIr ^wn kol ies vyly iek v`fI &Oj sI ikauNik vzIr ^wn ny jhwd dw nwArw lw ky muslmwnW ƒ (^ws kr ky Awpxy pTwn BrwvW, rMGVW Aqy blocW ƒ) &Oj ’c BrqI kr ilAw sI[ bhuq swry musilm cODrI qy jwgIrdwr vI aus dI &Oj ivc Swiml ho gey sn[ aus dI sB qoN v`fI mdd mlyrkotlw dy nvwb Syr muhMmd ^wn ny kIqI[ auh Awp, Awpxy BrwvW, pu`qrW qy BqIijAW Aqy swrI &Oj sxy ies jhwd ivc Swiml ho igAw[

mwJy dy is`KW Aqy mlyrkotlw dI &Oj ivc jMg

meI 1710 dy SurU ivc mwJy qoN do hzwr dy krIb is`K bMdw isMG nwl Swiml hox vwsqy kIrqpur ivc pu`j cuky sn[ ieh swry auh is`K sn ijhVy pMQ vwsqy jwnW vwrn leI GroN inkly sn[ kIrqpur qoN aunHW rUpV (hux ropV) rwhIN C`q-bnUV pu`j ky bMdw isMG dy nwl rlxw sI[ ies dI ^br vzIr ^wn ƒ iml cukI sI[ aus ny mlyrkotlw dy Syr muhMmd ^wn (ijs ƒ Coty swihbzwidAW vwsqy AKOqI qOr ’qy hwA dw nwArw mwrn dy bhwny nwl ‘is`KW dw hmdrd’ AwKx dI ZlqI kIqI jWdI hY) ƒ &Oj iljw ky mwJy v`loN Aw rhy is`KW ƒ rokx vwsqy kUc krn vwsqy hdwieqW idqIAW[ Syr muhMmd ^wn Awpxy iek Brw (i^jr ^wn) Aqy BqIijAW (vlI ^wn Aqy muhMmd b^S) nwl v`fI &Oj lY ky ropV vl cl ipAw[ ropV dy nyVy sqluj dirAw^iv dy kMFy, ipMf bihlolpur dI jUh ivc, is`KW Aqy mlyrI &OjW ivc zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ BwvyN mlyrI &OjW dI igxqI vI vDyry sI Aqy aunHW kol hiQAwr vI izAwdw Aqy vDIAw sn pr is`K qW Awpxy gurU dy

nW ’qy isr qlI ’qy r`K ky jUJ rhy sn[ pihly idn mlyrIAW dw plVw BwrI jwpdw sI[ hnyrw pYx ’qy lVweI bMd ho geI[ rwq nUM mwJy qoN kuJ hor is`K vI aunHW nwl Aw rly[ Agly idn phu-Pu`tidAW hI is`KW ny iek dm mlyrIAW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ dovyN &OjW hux Awhmo-swhmxy ho ky lVIAW[ gih-g`c lVweI dOrwn iek golI Syr muhMmd ^wn mlyrIey dy Brw i^jr ^wn dI CwqI ivc Aw v`jI qy auh au~Qy hI FyrI ho igAw[ aus dy mrn dy nwl hI pTwn &OjI mYdwn C`f ky B`jx lg pey[ ies ’qy Syr muhMmd ^wn ny llkwrw mwirAw qy kuJ v&wdwr &OjIAW nwl auh Aqy aus dy dovyN BqIjy i^jr ^wn dI lwS c`ukx vwsqy A`gy vDy[ is`KW ny ienHW ’qy vI hmlw kr idqw[ dovyN Brw ^wn AlI Aqy muhMmd b^S ies hmly ivc mwry gey[ Syr muhMmd ^wn ^ud vI z^mI ho igAw[ ies mgroN qW swrIAW pTwn &OjW mYdwn ’coN dOV geIAW[

ij`q dI ^uSI ivc is`KW ny ^Ub jYkwry C~fy Aqy auh Cq-bnUV vl cl pey[ jd ies dI ^br bMdw isMG ƒ pu`jI qW auh kuJ is`KW ƒ nwl lY ky kw&I A`gy Aw igAw Aqy jyqU mJYlW ƒ glv`kVIAW pw ky jI AwieAW AwiKAw[^v ies qoN Agly idn is`KW dy iek hor jQy dI t`kr rwxvW ipMf ivc (sMGol dy nyVy) vzIr ^wn dI ByjI &Oj nwl ho geI[ ie`QoN vI jyqU ho ky is`K bMdw isMG kol C`q-bnUV phMuc gey[

c`pV-icVI dI lVweI

jd vzIr ^wn ƒ i^jr ^wn qy aus dy dohW p`uqrW dy mrn Aqy Syr muhMmd ^wn dy z^mI hox

Aqy mlyrI &OjW dI hwr dI ^br p`ujI qW auh bVw duKI hoieAw[ pr aus ny id`lI Aqy lwhOr qoN hor &Oj Aqy hiQAwr mMgvw ley hoey sn[ hux vzIr ^wn kol bypnwh golw bwrUd, hiQAwr, GoVy qy hwQI vI sn[ aus dI &Oj dI igxqI vI bhuq sI[ pr auh bMdw isMG dw hmlw aufIkxw nhIN cwhMudw sI[ auh cwhMudw sI ik is`KW ’qy Acwnk hI hmlw kr id`qw jwvy; dUjw auh bMdw isMG ƒ srhMd qoN bwhr hI t`krnw cwhMudw sI[

vzIr ^wn ny ies dy nwl iek hor cwl vI KyfI[ aus ny s`ucw nMd dy iek BqIjy gMfw m`l ƒ iek hzwr ihMdU &OjI dy ky bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW ivc Swiml hox vwsqy C`q-bnUV vl tor idqw[ aus dI plwn ieh sI ik jMg SurU hMuidAW hI ieh swry ZdwrI kr ky mYdwn C`f ky B`j jwx ijs nwl is`K &OjW ivc KlblI m`c jwvy qy iesy aulJx ivc auh mwry jwx jW mYdwn C`f jwx[ jd ieh j`Qw bMdw isMG dy kYNp ivc phMuicAw qW is`K ƒ ienHW dI g`l ’qy XkIn nw AwieAw ik ieh vzIr ^wn qoN bwZI ho ky is`KW nwl Aw rly hn[ ies kr ky bMMdw isMG ny &Yslw kIqw ik ienW ƒ A`gy lwaux dI QW sB qoN Aw^rI kqwrW ivc riKAw jwey[

hux swry is`K c`pV-icVI dI jUh ivc iek`Ty ho gey[ (Aijhw jwpdw hY ik kdy ies QW ’qy iek v`fw C`pV Aqy nyVy hI iek iJVI hovygI, ijs dw nW mgroN ‘C`pV-iJVI’ qoN ivgV ky c`pV-icVI bx igAw hovygw)[ bMdw isMG ny jUh ivc iek`Ty ho ky srhMd ’qy hmly dI iqAwrI kr leI[ ie`QoN srhMd qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr sI[ pr ies qoN pihlW ik is`K &OjW srhMd vl kUc kr skdIAW, aunHW ƒ ^br iml geI ik vzIr ^wn vI iek v`fI &Oj ƒ lY ky auDr vl tur cukw hY[ ies ’qy bMdw isMG ny swrIAW &OjW ƒ cwr ih`isAW ivc vMf idqw[ is`KW kol hux qk Cy qopW vI Aw cukIAW sn[ mShUr qopcI BweI Swhbwz isMG ƒ ienHW dw cwrj sMBwl idqw igAw[ &OjW dI kmWf &qih isMG, krm isMG, Drm isMG Aqy AwlI isMG ƒ sONp id`qI geI[ bMdw isMG ny Awp iek it`by ’qy morcy lw ley Aqy swrI hwlq qy ingwh rKx lg ipAw[ ^w&I ^wn muqwibk is`K &OjW dI igxqI qIh qoN cwlHI hzwr sI[ aunHW kol vDIAw hiQAwr nhIN sn qy isr& qlvwrW, nyzy, qIr kmwn qy kuJ kU bMdUkW sn[^vi12 meI 1710 dI svyr qk vzIr ^wn dI &Oj vI phMuc cukI sI[ BwvyN FwFI lok vzIr ^wn dI &Oj iek l`K dy krIb dsdy hn pr vzIr ^wn kol kul 5-6 hzwr GoVsvwr, 7-8 hzwr bMdUkcI, 8 hzwr ZwzI (jhwd vwly) Aqy kuJ pYdl &Oj vI sI (Xwin kul vIh hzwr)^vii[ aus dI &Oj ivc sB qoN A`gy hwQI sn[ srhMdI &Oj ivc swry pwisEN “Xw AlI, Xw AlI” dIAW AwvwzW Aw rhIAW sn[ ies ‘qy is`KW ny “Akwl! Akwl!!” dy jYkwry gjwauxy SurU kr idqy[ is`K jrnYlW ny ‘s`cw pwqSwh’ Aqy ‘&qih drSn’ dy nvyN jYkwry vI GV ley ikauN ik ieh jYkwry ‘AlHw hU Akbr’ vWg jwpdy sn[ lVweI SurU huMidAW hI jdoN hwQI is`KW dIAW qopW dI mwr dy dwiery ivc Aw gey qW is`KW ny iek dm goly brsw ky hwQIAW ƒ KdyVn dI koiSS kIqI[ vzIr ^wn dI &Oj dy kuJ hwQI z^mI ho ky icMGwVdy hoey ip`Cy nUM dOVy Aqy Awpxy hI &OjIAW nUM hI z^mI kr gey[

ies dy jvwb vjoN srhMd dI &Oj dIAW qopW vI vrHn lg peIAW[ is`K &OjW ikauN ik iJVI vwly pwsy sn ies kr ky aunW ƒ drKqW dI Et iml geI[ auDr is`KW dIAW qopW ny srhMdI qopcIAW ƒ AwpxI mwr hyT lY AWdw[ ienHW qopcIAW dy mwry jwx mgroN srhMdI &Oj v`loN qopW dI golwbwrI bMd ho geI[ hux keI is`K GoVsvwr srhMdI &OjW ivc jw vVy Aqy v`F-tu`k SurU ho geI[ is`KW ƒ srhMd ’qy bhuq gu`sw sI Aqy auh ies dy hwkmW ƒ szw dyxw cwhMudy sn; ies kr ky auh isr qlI ’qy rK ky jUJ rhy sn[ dUjy pwsy muZl Aqy pTwn &OjI qW isr& qn^whdwr sn[ jdoN bhuq mwro-mwrI ho cukI sI qW bhuq swry BwVy dy srhMdI &OjIAW ny jwn bcwaux vwsqy iKskxw SurU kr idqw[ ‘jhwd’ dy nW ’qy iek`Ty kIqy pTwn qy muZl vI, jMg dy qOr-qrIikAW qoN Axjwx hox kr ky, bhuqI dyr lVweI nw kr sky[ aunHW ivcoN bhuqy mwry gey jW mYdwn C`f ky B`j gey[

ies mOky ’qy gMfw m`l (BqIjw s`ucw nMd) vI Awpxy jwsUs ihMdU &OjI lY ky B`jx lg ipAw[ ies nwl is`KW dy Kymy ivc vI kuJ Gbrwht PYl geI[ ies ƒ vyK ky bMdw isMG it`ly qoN auqr ky Awp mYdwny-jMg ivc Aw igAw[ bMdw isMG ƒ Awpxy ivc KVw vyK ky is`KW dy hOsly dUxy-cOxy ho gey qy auh nvyN joS nwl srhMdI &OjW ’qy tu`t pey[ ies nwl srhMdI &OjW ny ip`Cy htxw SurU kr idqw[ ieh vyK ky vzIr ^wn qy aus dw vzIr su`cw nMd Awp AglIAW s&W ivc Aw gey Aqy srhMdI &OjW ƒ h`lwSyrI dyx lg pey[ sB qoN pihlI t`kr bwz isMG Aqy su`cw nMd ivc hoeI[ bwz isMG jd su`cw nMd v`l viDAw qW buzidl su`cw nMd ^O& nwl dihl igAw qy ip`Cy nUM B`j ipAw[ (mYdwn iv`coN B`jy su`cw nMd ny srhMd pu`j ky hI swh ilAw)[ ies mgroN jd bwz isMG qy &qih isMG dI ingwh vzIr ^wn ’qy peI qW auh GoVy dOVw ky aus vl Aw gey qy aus dy hwQI ƒ Gyr ilAw[ hux h`Qo-h`Q lVweI hoeI ijs ivc vzIr ^wn mwirAw igAw[ eyny ivc hI aunHW ƒ Syr muhMmd ^wn (mlyrkotlw vwlw, jo bihlolpur ivc mJYlW hQoN hwr Kw ky iPr ie`Qy c`pV-icVI ivc Aw liVAw sI) vI nzr Aw igAw[ is`KW ny aus ƒ vI pwr bulw idqw[ aus dw Brw Kvwjw AlI vI mwirAw igAw ienHW dI mOq mgroN iek vI pTwn jW muZl &OjI mYdwn ivc nw TihirAw[ swry muZl &OjI sB kuJ C`f ky ^wlI h`Q isr& jwn bxw ky B`j gey[ ieh lVweI 12 meI dI svyr qoN dupihr qk, isr& kuJ GMty, hI c`lI sI[

vzIr Kwn dI mOq ikM\ hoeI?: ^w&I ^wn muqwibk vzIr ^wn^ix golI l`gx nwl mirAw sI[ ies muqwibk Syr muhMmd ^wn mlyrkotly vwly ny ibnod isMG ‘qy hmlw kIqw[ eyny ivc iek golI vzIr ^wn nUM l`gI qy auh mr igAw qy Syr muhMmd ^wn dw iDAwn aus pwsy v`l ho igAw[

kn`eIAw lwl muqwibk vI vzIr ^wn dI mOq golI l`gx nwl hoeI sI[^xi lqI& muqwibk vzIr ^wn dI mOq iek qIr l`gx nwl hoeI sI[^xii mIr muhMmd Aihsn iejwd muqwibk “vzIr

^wn bMdw isMG v`l viDAw[ bwz isMG ieh vyK irhw sI[ auh GoVw Bjw ky vzIr ^wn qy bMdw isMG dy ivckwr Aw igAw[ ies ‘qy vzIr ^wn ny bwz isMG v`l nyzw su`itAw jo bwz isMG ny h`Q nwl boc ilAw qy vwips vzIr ^wn v`l vgwh ky mwirAw[ ieh brCw vzIr ^wn dy GoVy nUM l`gw[ vzIr ^wn ny ifgidAW hI bwz isMG ‘qy qIr clwieAw jo aus (bwz isMG) dI bWh ivc v`jw[ ies dy nwl hI vzIr ^wn ny bwz isMG ‘qy qlvwr nwl vI vwr kr id`qw[ pr ies qoN pihlW ik qlvwr bwz isMG nUM v`j skdI, &qih isMG ny qlvwr mwr ky vzIr ^wn dw s`jw moFw v`F id`qw[“^xiii vzIr ^wn nUM if`gw vyK ky bwkI &OjI jwn bcw ky B`j gey[ aunHW kol isr& bdn dy kpiVAW qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN sI[^xiv dsqUr aul ienSw dw lyKk Xwr muhMmd ilKdw hY ik vzIr ^wn dw isr iek nyzy ’qy tMg ky Aqy aus dy DV nUM bldW ip`Cy bMnH ky, GsIt ky, 20 iklomItr dUr, srhMd iljwieAw igAw[

is`KW dy iek j`Qy ny ShIdW dIAW lwSW sMBwlxIAW SurU kr idqIAW[ Awm crcw muqwibk 30 hzwr is`K ShId hoey Aqy 50 hzwr mugl-pTwx mwry gey[ pr ieh igxqI TIk nhIN jwpdI[ drAsl ieh igxqI qrqIbvwr iqMn qy pMj hzwr ivckwr hY[ ShId hox vwilAW ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb nUM Ssqr isKwaux vwlw ausqwd BweI bjr isMG vI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw bhuq swry is`K z^mI vI hoey[

ies jMg ivc is`KW ƒ 45 v`fIAW-CotIAW qopW, drjnW hwQI, sYNkVy GoVy Aqy bhuq swrIAW bMdUkW h`Q l`gIAW[

srhMd Sihr ’qy kbzw

lVweI ^qm hox mgroN z^mI is`KW dI mrhm p`tI kIqI geI pr is`KW kol eynI mrhm nhIN sI hr iek ƒ muh`eIAw kIqI jw sky[ ShId is`KW ƒ iek`iTAW kr ky aunHW dw sskwr kIqw igAw[ ieh swrw smW is`K Sbd gwauNdy Aqy pwT krdy rhy[ sskwr krn mgroN bwkI isK &OjW srhMd vl cl peIAW[ vIh iklomItr dw &wslw qYA kr ky is`K A`DI rwq vyly srhMd phuMc gey[ ies vyly Sihr dy drvwzy bMd sn[ is`K &OjW ny srhMd ngr ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ Agly idn iek in`kI jhI JVp mgroN is`K Sihr ivc dwi^l ho gey[ aunHW ny vzIr ^wn dI lwS dw jlUs k`iFAw Aqy iklyH dy kol lY Awey[ aunHW ny ies lwS ƒ iek dr^q nwl pu`Tw ltkw idqw[ ies vyly qk lwS ivcoN boA AwauxI SurU ho cukI sI[ CyqI hI igrJW Aqy hor pMKIAW ny aus dI lwS ƒ nocxw SurU kr idqw[ ieh dyK ky Sihr dy lok burI qrHW dihl gey[ aunHW ivcoN keIAW ny is`K &OjW qoN rihm dI mMg kIqI[ ies vyly qk Sihr ivc ^wmoSI Aqy fr dw mwhOl bx cukw sI[ is`KW ny Sihr vwsIAW nUM XkIn idvwieAw ik koeI vI is`K iksy bygunwh dw vwl vI ivMgw nhIN krygw[

hux is`KW ny iklHy vl mMUh kIqw[ ie`Qy zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ iklHy dIAW qopW dy goilAW nwl 500 dy krIb is`K ShId ho gey[ ies ’qy kuJ is`K iklHy dy nyVly iek B`Ty ’qy cVH gey qy auQoN aunHW ny iklHy ’coN goly brswauNdIAW qopW dy qopcI mwr id`qy[ hux is`K &Oj ny c`pV-icVI ivc srhMdI &Oj qoN KohIAW qopW nwl iklHy ’qy golwbwrI kr ky AMdr jwx dw rsqw bxw ilAw[ iklHy dy AMdr bcI-KucI srhMdI &Oj, jo Ajy AwkI hoeI bYTI sI, ny vI QoVHy hI smyN ivc hiQAwr sut id`qy[ bMdw isMG ny ienHW swirAW ƒ igR&qwr krn dw hukm dy idqw[ hux pUry srhMd Sihr au~qy is`KW dw mukMml kbzw ho cukw sI[ ies vyly Sihr jW iklyH ivc mu^wl&q krn vwlw koeI vI nhIN sI bicAw[ vzIr ^wn dw p`uqr smMud ^wn coKI dOlq lY ky id`lI vl B`j cukw sI pr s`ucw nMd Ajy vI Sihr ivc hI luikAw bYTw sI[

Swm vyly bMdw isMG ny muKI SihrIAW dw iek iek`T bulwieAw Aqy AYlwn kIqw ik is`K iksy vI bygunwh ƒ koeI qklI& nhIN Awaux dyxgy pr iksy vI mujirm ƒ muAw& nhIN kIqw jwvygw[ ies ’qy lokW ny rwhq mihsUs kIqI[ bhuq swry lok bMdw isMG nwl imlvrqx krn lg pey[ aunHW ivcoN iksy ny su`cw nMd dw vI Qhu-pqw ds idqw[ su`cw nMd Ajy Sihr ivc luikAw hoieAw sI[ auh c`pV -icVI iv`coN dOV Awaux dy bwvjUd srhMd ’coN dOV nhIN sikAw sI ikauNik auh AwpxI bySumwr iek`TI kIqI hoeI dOlq nUM sMBwlx Aqy k`F ky iljwaux dIAW skImW GVdw rih igAw sI[ aus ƒ igR&qwr kr ky aus dy n`k ivc nkyl pw ky aus ƒ Gr-Gr ivc iB`iKAw mMgx ’qy mjbUr kIqw igAw[ rsqy ivc lokW ny aus ƒ p`Qr vI mwry[ A^Ir burI qrHW zlIl ho ky s`ucw nMd mr igAw[ su`cw nMd kol bySumwr dOlq sI[ ies swrI dOlq nUM zbq kr ilAw igAw[ iebrqnwmw dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism ilKdw hY ik “ieM\ jwpdw sI ik aus ny ieh swrI dOlq iesy idn vwsqy iek`TI kIqI hoeI sI[” muhMmd kwism ieh vI ilKdw hY ik “lok kihMdy sn ik

vzIr ^wn dy vyly koeI AYsw zulm nhIN sI jo ZrIbW au~qy nw kIqw igAw hovy qy hux (zulm dw) koeI Aijhw bIj nhIN sI ijs nUM Pu`l nw l`gw hovy[ ijhw bIijAw igAw, iqhw v`iFAw igAw[”^xv bMdw isMG ny su`cw nMd dy prvwr nUM vI szw id`qI[ aunHW nUM ijsm F`kx jogy kpVy dy ky Sihr ivc mMgx ’qy mjbUr kIqw igAw qy nwl hI Sihr ivc ieh muinAwdI vI krvw id`qI geI ik

koeI vI bMdw ienHW nUM iek kOfI qoN vD iBiKAw nw dyvy[ies dy nwl hI bMdw isMG ny hr aus S^s ƒ szw-ie-mOq idqI ijs ny lokW ‘qy zulm Fwey sn[^xvi su`cw nMd Aqy vzIr ^wn dy mihlW bwry

muhMmd kwism ilKdw hY ik aunHW dy “surgW vrgy mihl kWvW dy A`fy bx gey”[

c`pV icVI dI lVweI dI Asl qwrI^

c`pV icVI dI lVweI 12 meI 1710 dy idn hoeI sI, Agly idn Sihr srhMd Aqy ies dy iklHy ’qy vI kbzw ho cukw sI[ [ srhMd ’qy is`KW dw kbzw hox dI ^br bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ƒ bhwsU ngr dy pVwA ’qy 20 meI 1710 nUM imlI sI^xvii[ AMgryz lyKk ierivn (ikqwb lytr muZlz) ny srhMd dI lVweI dI qwrI^ 22 meI ilKI hY jo ik Zlq hY[ drAsl aus ny A^bwrwiq drbwir muA`lw dI iek ibn-qwrI^ AYNtrI (13 &rvrI 1712 dI AYNtrI qoN ip`CoN CpI) qoN ZlqI KwDI sI[ jy qwrI^ 22 meI huMdI qW bwdSwh nUM 20 meI nUM ^br ikvyN iml skdI _sI

bMdw isMG dw muslmwn SihrIAW nwl slUk

BwvyN bMdw isMG ny swry duSmxW ƒ s^q szw dy idqI sI pr aus ny g`usy ivc kdy vI iksy ƒ qMg nhIN kIqw[ hor qW hor gurU Arjn swihb Aqy gurU qyg bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI ’qy ^uSI mnwaux vwly srhMdI SYKW ƒ vI kuJ nhIN ikhw[ drAsl bMdw isMG dI jMg muslmwnW dy i^lw& nhIN sI blik zulm krn vwilAW dy i^lw& sI[ iesy kr ky bMdw isMG ny iksy vI ieslwmI Adwry ’qy hmlw nhIN kIqw[

A`j iqMn sO swl mgroN vI (2015 ivc), bMdw isMG dy srhMd ’qy hmly qoN iqMn sO swl mgroN vI, SYK Aihmd srhMdI dw mzwr Aqy fyrw, lwl msijd, sdny ksweI dI msijd, (nyVy qlwnIAW ivc) ausqwd qy Swigrd dy mkbry, mIry-mIrW ipMf ivc bihlol loDI dy juAweI dw mzwr Aqy hor keI msijdW qy mkbry Aj vI srhMd qy ies dy Awly-duAwly Awpxy jOhy-jlwl ivc KVyH hn[ jy bMdw isMG ieslwm-ivroDI huMdw qW auh ienHW iemwrqW ƒ jy qbwh nw vI krdw qW nukswn zrUr phuMcwauNdw[

srhMd ivcoN bMdw isMG nUM kroVW rupY dw ^zwnw imilAw

kwmvr ^wn muqwibk^xix bMdw isMG nUM srhMd ivc vzIr ^wn dy ^zwny ivcoN 2 kroV rupY dI dOlq hwisl hoeI sI; ieM\ hI su`cw nMd dy mihl ivcoN vI keI l`K rupY brwmd hoey sn[ A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw muqwibk^xx rusqm idl ^wn ny bwdSwh nUM d`isAw sI ik bMdw isMG ny do kroV rupY nwhn dy rwjy kol Amwnq vjoN jmHw krvw id`qy sn[ A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw muqwibk^xxi bMdw isMG kol bhuq swry sony dy is`kY sn lohgVH ’qy muZl &Oj dy hmly qoN kuJ idn pihlW ieh swrw sonw cwlHI aUTW ’qy l`d ky nwhn dy rwjy kol Amwnq vjoN jmHW krvw id`qw sI[

srhMd ’qy kbzw krn mgroN bMdw isMG ny srhMd dy iklHy ’qy Kwlsy dw nIlw inSwn swihb lihrwieAw[ aus ny bwj isMG bMgySrI ƒ srhMd dw sUbydwr Aqy AwlI isMG slOdI vwly ƒ nwieb-sUbydwr qweInwq kIqw[

zmINdwrw isstm ^qm krnw

bMdw isMG ny 27 meI 1710 dy idn iklyH dy bwhr Awm lokW dw iek iek`T bulwieAw Aqy lok rwj dw AYlwn kr idqw[ aus ny ieh vI ikhw ik zmIn dw mwlk kwSqkwr (vwhI krn vwlw ikrswn) hI hovygw Aqy auh isr& iek iqhweI vtweI srkwr ƒ bMDwn vjoN dyvygw[ bMdw isMG ny zmINdwrI isstm au~kw hI ^qm krn dw vI AYlwn kr idqw[

ieh bMdw isMG hI sI ijs ny ‘dilq’ jwxy jWdy, hIxy qy ingUxy ijhy ikswnW nUM j`t Aqy zmInW dy mwilk bxw id`qw sI[ ieh g`l kwbly-izkr hY ik dunIAW Br ivc jwgIrdwrI dw sB qoN pihlw ^wqmw bwbw bMdw isMG ny is`K homlYNf ivc kIqw sI[

is`K is`kw jwrI krnw

ies dy nwl hI bMdw isMG ny Kwlsw rwj dw nvW is`kw vI jwrI kIqw [ ies dy iek pwsy ieh iliKAw sI:

is`kw zd br hrdo Aw`ilm, qyiZ nwnk vwihb Asq &qih goibMd isMG Swih-SwhW &zil s`cw swihb Asq

(dohW jhwnW dy s`cy pwqSwh dI imhr nwl ieh is`kw jwrI kIqw igAw[ gurU nwnk dI qyZ hryk dwq b^SdI hY; Akwl purK dy &zl nwl SihnSwhW dy SihnSwh gurU goibMd isMG dI &qih hoeI hY)

is`ky dy dUjy pwsy iliKAw sI:

zrb b Amwnul dhr ms`vrq Sihr zInqu`l b^q mubwrk b^q]

(dunIAW dy skUn Bry QW, jMnq vrgy Sihr, BwgW vwly q^q dI rwjDwnI ivc, jwrI hoieAw)[

is`K rwj dI muhr jwrI krnw

KwlsweI is`kw jwrI krn mgroN is`KW v`loN Kwlsw rwj dI muhr vI jwrI kIqI geI, ijs ’qy iliKAw sI:

Azmiq nwnk gurU hm zwihro hm bwqn Asq] pwdSwh dIno-dunIAW Awp s`cw swihb Asq]

(AMdr-bwhr, swry pwsy, bwbw nwnk dI hI vifAweI hY[ auh s`cw r`b dIn-dunIAW dohW dw vwlI hY) mgroN ies dI QW ’qy hyT ilKI muhr jwrI kIqI geI:

dyZo-qyZo-&iqh-E-nusrq byidrMg Xw&q Az nwnk – gurU goibMd isMG

(dyZ qyZ Aqy &qih ibnW iksy dyrI qoN gurU nwnk swihb-gurU goibMd isMG qoN hwisl hoeI)

ies qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik bMdw isMG ny nw qW Awpxy nW ’qy is`kw jwrI kqw Aqy nw hI aus ny Awpxy nW dI muhr clweI[ bMdw isMG ny hr kwmXwbI nUM gurU swihb nUM hI smrpx kIqw sI[ dunIAW Br dI qvwrI^ ivc kdy iksy jyqU jW hwkm ny A`j qk Awpxy nW qoN isvw kdy iksy hor dy nW dw is`kw jwrI nhIN kIqw[ hor qW hor, A`lHw dy nW ’qy Aqy ieslwm dI Swn dy nW ’qy hkUmqW kwiem krn vwly, muslmwn rwjy vI Awpxy nW dw is`kw jwrI kirAw krdy sn qy Awpxw ^uqbw pVHvwieAw krdy sn[ dUjy pwsy bMdw isMG qW ^ud nUM hmySw ‘gurU dw bMdw’ AwiKAw krdw sI[

srhMd dI ij`q dy idn qoN Kwlsy dw (bMdw isMG dw nhIN) nvW sMmq vI jwrI kIqw igAw[

BwvyN bMdw isMG ny srhMd dw inzwm bwz isMG qy AwlI isMG ƒ sONp id`qw sI pr auh Awp Ajy ie~Qy hI TihrAw hoieAw sI[ aus ny swrI dOlq jo G`to-G`t iqMn kroV rupY sI, g`ifAW ’qy ldvw ky lohgVH iklyH vl Byj idqI[ ienHIN idnIN hI bMdw isMG ny BweI rwm isMG qy ibnod isMG ƒ

Qwnysr ngr dI hkUmq sONp idqI[

mlyrkotlw ’qy hmlw

Awm qOr ’qy ieh prcwr kIqw jWdw irhw hY ik jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy in`ky swihbzwidAW ƒ vzIr ^wn ny kql krn vwsqy hukm id`qw qW mlyrkotly dy pTwx hwkm Syr muhMmd ^wn ny AKOqI “hwA” dw nwArw mwirAw sI[ Syr muhMmd ny koeI “hwA” dw nwArw nhIN sI mwirAw sI blik isr& eynw hI ikhw sI: “Awpxw bdlw duSmx dy mwsUm b`cy qoN nhIN blik aus (gurU) qoN hI ilAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[” auN\ Syr muhMmd ^wn is`KW dw koeI hmdrd nhIN sI blik k`tV duSmx sI[ aus ny Aqy aus dy BrwvW, pu`qrW qy BqIijAW ny vwr-vwr gurU goibMd isMG swihb Aqy is`KW ’qy hmly kIqy sn[ 12 AkUqbr 1700 nUM inrmohgVH, 7-8 dsMbr 1705 nUM cmkOr, 9-10 meI 1710 dy idn mJYl isMGW ’qy bihlolpur ivc Aqy 12 meI 1710 dy idn c`pV-icVI ivc vI zbrdsq t`kr leI sI Aqy srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn dy hr hukm ’qy Pul cVHwauNidAW is`KW ’qy Akwrx hI hmly kIqy sn[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc auh Awp, aus dy iqMn Brw Aqy do BqIjy mwry gey sn[ ies kr ky isKW ƒ mlyrkotlw dy pTwx hwkm vI bhuq cuBdy sn Aqy auh aus ƒ vI szw dyxw cwhuMdy sn[

srhMd ij`qx qoN bwAd is`K &OjW ny mlyrkotlw vl kUc kr idqw[ jdoN mlyrIAW ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K &OjW mlyrkotlw vl Aw rhIAW hn qW au~QoN dw iek SwhUkwr ikSn cMd bwbw bMdw isMG ƒ imlx pu`jw[ ikSn cMd bMdw isMG ƒ pihlW qoN hI jwxdw sI[ aus ny bMdw isMG ƒ Arz kIqI ik mlyrkotlw ƒ b^S idqw jwvy[ aus ny SihrIAW dI qr&oN coKI v`fI rkm bMdw isMG ƒ pyS kr ky Sihr ƒ lu`ty jwx qoN bcw ilAw[ jy kr ikSn cMd bMdw isMG A`gy &irAwdI nw huMdw qW mlyrkotlw vI qbwh ho jwxw sI (pr mlyrkotly dy nwSukry pTwnW ny ikSn cMd dI koeI Xwdgwr nhIN bxweI hoeI)[

AnUp kOr Aqy bulwkw isMG dw mslw

iek kQw muqwibk AwpxI iezq rKx vwsqy AwpxI jwn ’qy Kyf jwx vwlI iek bIbI, AnUp kOr, dI lwS ƒ mlyrkotlw dy nvwb ny kbr ivc dbw idqw sI[ bMdw isMG ny aus dI kbr l`BI Aqy aus dI lwS nUM kbr iv`coN k`F ky aus dw sskwr kIqw (Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ieh khwxI mgroN bxweI geI hovygI)[ ieM\ hI GuVwnI ipMf, ij`Qy rwmrweIAW ny iek is`K bulwkw isMG ƒ bhuq qMg kIqw hoieAw sI, bMdw isMG au~Qy igAw Aqy aus ny aunHW rwmrweIey guMifAW ƒ s^q szw idqI[ ies dy nwl hI bMdw isMG ny bulwkw isMG ƒ au~QoN dw Qwnydwr vI lw idqw[

ihMdU qy muslmwnW dw is`K bxnw

jdoN dirAwvW jmnw qy sqluj ivckwr is`K rwj kwiem ho igAw qW Kwlsy dI cVHdI klw vyK ky bhuq swry ihMdU Aqy muslmwn vI is`K Drm ivc Swiml hox lg pey[ ieh lok hkUmq dy &wiedy lYx vwsqy hI is`K bxy sn[ ienHW ivc mIr nwisr-aud-dIn (jo nwisr isMG bixAw), dIndwr ^wn pu`qr jlwl ^wn rohIlw (jo dIndwr isMG bixAw) qy keI hor vI Swiml sn[ (is`KW dy zvwl mgroN ieh dIndwr ^wn Pyr muslmwn bx igAw sI Aqy mgroN 1713 ivc ieh s`XdW nwl iml ky &r`^sIAr nUM g`dI ’qy ibTwaux ivc mddgwr vI hooieAw sI[ 1719 ivc jd s`XdW ny &r`sIAr nUM PV ky AMnHw kr ky mwirAw qW aus nUM aus dy mihl ivc D`ky nwl vV ky Aqy PV ky iehI ilAwieAw sI)[

srhMd dI ij`q vyly qy mgroN vI bhuq swry ihMdU vI is`K bx gey sn[ pr bMdw isMG dI ShIdI Aqy is`KW dy G`lUGwirAW vyly ienHW iv`coN bhuqy Pyr ihMdU bx gey sn[ bhuq swry ihMdUAW dy kursInwimAW qoN ieh rwz sw& pqw lgdw hY[ ieho ijhw hI iek prvwr, jo ihMdU qoN is`K bx ky Pyr ihMdU bixAw sI, prmw nMd (ikqwb bMdw bYrwgI dw ilKwrI) dw prvwr vI sI jo Awpxy Awp nUM ShId BweI mqI dws prvwr iv`coN dsdw sI pr drAsl iC`br bRwhmx jMqI dws dy pRvwr ivco sI[ (mhwrwjw) rxjIq isMG vyly is`K bxn dw frwmw/idKwvw krn vwly XU.pI. dy bRwhmx

Aqy jMmU dy fogry vI ies iksm dy ‘idKwvy dy is`K’ sn jo rxjIq isMG dw rwj ^qm huMidAW hI

Pyr ihMdU bx gey sn[

dyEbMd, shwrnpur, jlwlwbwd ’qy hmly

is`KW dI cVHdI klw vyK ky is`K sjx vwilAW ivc jmnw pwr dyEbMd prgnw dy ipMf aunwrsw dy kuJ lok vI sn[ jd jlwlwbwd dy &Ojdwr jlwl-aud-dIn nUM jd ies dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny ienHW is`KW nUM kYd ivc su`t id`qw qy qsIhy dyxy SurU kIqy qW jo auh is`K Drm C`f ky muslmwn bx jwx[ kpUr isMG nW dy iek is`K ny ies dI ^br bMdw isMG qk phuMcw id`qI[ ieh sux ky bMdw isMG ny dyEbMd nUM soDx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ bMdw isMG ny kuJ hI idnW ivc dyEbMd

’qy hmlw kr idqw qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies mgroN aunHW jlwlwbwd ’qy hmlw krn dw PYslw kIqw[ pr ies qoN pihlW auh shwrnpur ƒ ij`qx dw soc ky auDr nUM c`l pey[

shwrnpur vI aus vyly id`lI, lwhOr qy ihswr-&Irozw vWg iek v`fw sUbw sI[ ies dy 28 prgny sn[ shwrnpur dw &Ojdwr seIAd AlI muhMmd ^wn knOjI sI[ pihlW qW bMdw isMG ny aus nUM pYZwm ByijAw ik auh is`K &OjW dI isrdwrI mMn lvy[ pr auh is`KW qoN burI qrHW fr igAw qy Sihr qoN dOV jwx dI iqAwrI krn lg ipAw[ Sihr dy AmIrW-vzIrW ny aus nUM v`fI mdd dw XkIn idvwieAw pr auh eynw dihl igAw sI ik auh frdw hoieAw Awpxy pu`qr dIndwr AlI ^wn (jo Awp &Oj dw v`fw A&sr sI) Aqy Awpxy t`br Aqy Dn-dOlq lY ky id`lI ƒ dOV igAw[ aus dy jwx ip`CoN AmIrW-vzIrW qy kuJ muq`sbI muslmwnW ny kuJ &Oj iek`TI kr ky is`KW dw twkrw krn dI koiSS kIqI[ aunHW Sihr dI cwrdIvwrI nUM vI qgiVAW kr ilAw[ jdoN is`K &OjW ny hmlw kIqw qW ienHW ny Sihr dIAW dIvwrW qoN ^Ub golwbwrI kIqI Aqy qIrW dw mINh vrHwieAw[ pr auh swry iml ky vI is`KW dw mukblw nw kr sky qy CyqI hI shwrnpur ’qy vI is`KW ny kbzw kr ilAw[ ies vyly aunHW ihMdUAW, jo bMdw isMG nwl lu`t-mwr dI soc nwl rly sn, ny ^Ub lu`tmwr kIqI[ jd bMdw isMG nUM ies dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny ienHW nUM ^Ub lwAnqW pweIAW qy au~QoN dOVw id`qw[ mgroN ieh gu`jr-ihMdU shwrnpur dy Awly-duAwly lu`tmwr krn lg pey[

shwrnpur ivc bhuqI AwbwdI muslmwnW dI sI qy auh ZYr-muslmwnW nwl D`kw krdy rihMdy sn, ies kr ky ies ’qy is`KW dw kbzw hox mgroN ZYr-muslmwnW ny bVI rwhq mihsUs kIqI[ is`KW dI ij`q mgroN qy gu`jrW v`loN lu`tmwr krn kwrn bhuq swry AmIr muslmwn Awpxw mwl-m`qw GoiVAW ’qy l`d ky shwrnpur C`f ky id`lI cly gey[ bMdw isMG ny shwrnpur dw nW bdl ky Bwgngr (BwgWvwlw ngr) rK id`qw[

byht dy pIrzwidAW nUM szw

bMdw isMG kuJ icr shwrnpur ivc hI itikAw irhw[ ies dOrwn pRwcIn Sihr byht ngr (shwrnpur qoN 25 iklomItr dUr) dy ihMdU, is`KW kol Awey Aqy auQoN dy muslmwn hwkm Aqy pIrzwidAW (bhwaudIn zkrIAw suhrwvrdI dy ^wndwn ivcoN) dy iek AmIr t`br dy zulmW dI khwxI suxweI[ ies ’qy bMdw isMG ny kuJ is`K jrnYlW nUM &Oj dy ky byht vl tor id`qw[ au~Qy is`KW nUM bhuqI koiSS nhIN krnI peI Aqy aunHW dw Sihr ’qy kbzw ho igAw[ is`K &OjW ny pIrzwidAW nUM s^q szwvW id`qIAW[ swry pIrzwdy kql kr id`qy gey[ ikhw jWdw hY ik aunHW iv`coN isr& iek mrd hI bicAw jo aus idn vWFy igAw hoieAw sI[ ieh g`l jUn 1710 dy pihly h&qy dI hY[

jlwlgVHI ’qy hmlw

byht ’qy kbzy mgroN, jUn 1710 dy dUjy h&qy, is`K &OjW ny jlwl gVHI ƒ jw GyirAw[ ies gVHI ivc jlwlwbwd dy &Ojdwr jlwl ^wn ny kw&I &Oj r`KI hoeI sI qy aus dw kw&I mwl-m`qw qy Aslw vI eyyQy hI sI[ ies kr ky jlwldIn is`KW nwl t`kr lYx vwsqy pihlW qoN hI iqAwr bYTw sI[ aus ny jhwd dy nW ’qy bhuq swry muslmwn nOjvwn vI AwpxI &Oj ivc BrqI kr ley sn[ aus ny iklyH ivc vI BwrI imkdwr ivc Anwj Aqy Aslw jmHw kIqw hoieAw sI[ is`KW ny 20 idn ies iklyH ƒ Gyrw pweI riKAw pr brswqW dy idn hox kwrn auh kwmXwb nw ho sky qy auQoN muV

Awey[

jlwlwbwd qoN muVidAW is`KW ny AMbyqw ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies hmly ivc jlwl ^wn dw swQI pIr ^wn mwirAw igAw sI[ pr 20 jUn nUM is`KW dI t`kr ipMf rVH dy lwgy, ipMf kyhrw dI jUh ivc, dyhrwnw qy mukwd ipMfW ivc rihx vwly A&ZwnW nwl hoeI sI[ jlwl ^wn ny Awpxy poqry Zulwm muhMmd binAwrw qy pIr muhMMmd ^wn dI mdd nwl is`KW nUM zbrdsq hwr id`qI sI[ ies lVweI ivc keI is`K mwry gey sn qy bwkI B`j gey sn[ is`KW dIAW do qopW, pMj bMdUkW, Cy rwmjMgy, keI rweI&lW, do qlvwrW, iek hzwr qIr, cwr qMbU qy hor bhuq swrw swmwn jlwl ^wn dIAW &OjW dy h`Q AwieAw sI[ ieh hwr is`KW dI pihlI hwr sI[ ies lVweI ivc bMdw isMG Awp Swiml nhIN sI qy Amr isMG is`K &OjW dI AgvweI kr irhw sI[ mgroN Amr isMG ny d`isAw ik lwl kMvr gu`jr v`loN DoKw kIqy jwx kwrn ieh hwr hoeI sI[

shwrnpur ’qy kbzw hox qoN pihlW bUVIAw vI is`KW dy kbzy hyT Aw cukw sI[ ies Sihr nUM ij`qx vwsqy sB qoN vD bhwdrI gulwb isMG b^SI ny idKweI sI[ ies kr ky bMdw isMG ny ies Sihr dw nW gulwbngr rK id`qw sI[ bMdw isMG ny gurb^S isMG nUM ies prgny dw &Ojdwr Aqy AmIn lw id`qw sI[ bUVIAw dw kwzI, Swh muhMmd, D`kyKor sI ies kr ky bMdw isMG ny aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky aus nUM lohgVH iklHy ivc kYd kr id`qw Aqy nwl hI aus dI jwiedwd zbq krn dw hukm dy idqw[ gurb^S isMG ny lohgVH iklHy dy iklHydwr mINh isMG nwl rl ky kwzI dI jwiedwd ivc kuJ gVbV kr leI[ jd bMdw isMG nUM aus dI ies hrkq dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny gurb^S isMG nUM Ahudy qoN htw ky ikSor isMG nUM &Ojdwr qy AmIn lw id`qw[ ies qoN sw& zwihr huMdw hY ik bMdw isMG iksy muslmwn nwl vI izAwdqI nhIN sI hox dyNdw qy auh hr iek nwl ie`ko ijhw iensw& krdw sI[

ies qoN kuJ idn bwAd, 11 julweI 1710 dy idn, is`K &OjW ny nnOqw ’qy hmlw kr idqw qy ies ngr dy AmIrW ƒ ^Ub luitAw[ ie`ko idn ivc hI nnOqw qbwh ho cukw sI[ (ies dI hwlq ƒ vyK ky lok ies ƒ “PUtw Sihr” kihx lg pey sn)[ ies lVweI dOrwn mukwmI gu`jr qy ihMdU vI is`KW dy nwl Aw rly sn[ ienHW dw dwAvw sI ik auh gurU nwnk swihb-gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`K sjy hoey sn pr keI dhwikAW qoN aunHW dw rwbqw AnMdpur swihb nwl nhIN sI ho sikAw[

^w&I ^wn ilKdw hY ik nnOqw dI lVweI ivc jlwl ^wn ny Awpxy pu`qr dIndwr ^wn, BxyvyN gulwm muhMmd ^wn qy BqIjy hjbr ^wn nUM ByijAw sI[ hjbr ^wn ies lVweI ivc mwirAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN vI dIndwr ^wn ft ky liVAw sI pr ijq is`KW dI hI hoeI sI[ A^Ir dIndwr ^wn swQIAW dIAW lwSW lY ky jlwlwbwd muV AieAw[ shwrnpur dy &Ojdwr muhMmd AlI ^wn dy do BqIjy pIr ^wn Aqy jmwl ^wn vI ies lVweI ivc mwry gey sn[ ienHW dohW dIAW kbrW A`j vI shwrnpur-id`lI rof ’qy kwlySwh dy qkIey kol mOjUd hn[

jd shwrnpur dy &Ojdwr AlI muhMmd ^wn dy Sihr C`f ky B`jx dI ^br id`lI dy &Ojdwr nUM imlI qW aus ny aus nUM ‘buzidl’ grdwn ky aus qoN &OjdwrI Koh leI Aqy jlwl ^wn nUM sONp id`qI[

id`lI dy hwkmW qy AmIrW-vzIrW ivc dihSq

shwrnpur ivc is`KW dy kbzy mgroN id`lI dy hwkmW qy AmIrW-vzIrW ivc burI qrHW dihSq &Yl geI[ qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI dw lyKk ierwdq ^wn ilKdw hY ik “id`lI qoN mulqwn qk ieh rOlw pY igAw, pr QwnysroN lwhOr qk eynw zor sI ik kuJ ikhw nhIN jw skdw[ AYQoN qIk ik nzwmul mulk Awis& Swh ny, AYnw jwho-jlwl huMidAW vI, idloN fr ky bwdSwh v`l ArzI ilK G`lI qy id`lI dy AihlkwrW nUM qwkId kIqI ik hr koeI bhuq CyqI bwdSwh nuM ies hMgwmy dI ^br phuMcwvy[…aunHW dy qwjdIn dIvwn bXoqwq, hwi&z ^wn dIvwn, hsn rzw koqvwl…&^r-aud-dIn ^wn b^SI vwikAw nvIs, muhMmd qwihr vwikAw nvIs qy drvyS muhMmd kwzI ny A`fo-AfrIAW ArzIAW bwdSwh vl ilKIAW[ id`lI dw sUbydwr Aws&-aud-dOlw vI bVw fr igAw[ AmIr lok t`br tor sxy dUjy sUibAW v`l B`jx lg pey[”

drAsl ies vyly hwlwq ieh sn ik is`KW ny id`lI sUby dy Awly-duAwly swrw ielwkw ij`q ilAw sI[ iqMn sUby (srhMd, Qwnysr, shwrnpur) aunHW dy pyrW hyT sn[ Xwin id`lI dI swry pwisEN qkrIbn Gyrw-bMdI hoeI peI sI qy sUbw lwhOr dy hwkm vI is`KW qoN qrHbkdy sn[

lwhOr qy irAwVkI (mwJw) ivc is`KW dw dbdbw

ieh g`l kwbly-izkr hY ik bMdw isMG v`loN muZlW dy i^lw& j`dojihd SurU krn qoN s`q mhIny pihlW hI mwJy dy is`K muZl &OjW nUM hrw cuky sn[ ieh g`l 6 Aqy 12 AprYl 1709 dI hY jd cUhV m`l EhrI dI BVkwht ivc Aw ky lwhOr dy ifptI sUbydwr Aslm ^wn ny, p`tI dy AmIn, cODrI hr shwie, rwhIN gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ’qy hmlw krvw id`qw sI[ ieh lVweI pihly idn A`T-nON GMty hoeI sI[ ies ivc BweI mnI isMG, qwrw isMG f`l-vW, muhkm isMG EhrI qy hornW ny bVI bhwdrI idKweI sI[ ies lVweI ivc qwrw isMG dy h`QoN p`tI dw cODrI hr shwie mwirAw igAw sI[ dUjy idn dI lVweI dw mYdwn vI is`KW dy h`Q hI irhw sI[ ies mgroN muZl &OjW ny muV ky gurU dw c`k ’qy hmlw nhIN sI kIqw[

jd is`K &OjW ny srhMd ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qW p`tI, gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr), irAwVkI (ibAws qy rwvI ivckwrly ielwky) Aqy kMFI dy ielwky dy is`KW dy hOsly hor bulMd ho gey[ p`tI qy lwhOr vwilAW nUM Ajy s`q mhIny pihlW is`KW h`QoN hoeI hwr cyqy sI qy ies kr ky lwhOr dw nwieb sUbydwr Aslm ^wn vI aunHW qoN bhuq frdw sI[ srhMd ’qy bMdw isMG dy kbzy mgroN mwJy dy is`K gurU dw c`k ivc iek`Ty hoey Aqy aunHW ny vI ies ielwky nUM muZl qy pTwx hwkmW qoN Kohxw SurU kr id`qw[ is`KW ny pihlW-pihl lwhOr Aqy ksUr nUM nw CyiVAw ikauNik ienHW dohW SihrW ivc muZlW dI bVI v`fI &Oj vI sI qy aunHW kol iklHy Aqy Aslw vI bhuq sI[

btwlw (ijhVw kSmIrI mwl dI sB qoN v`fI mMfI jwixAw jWdw sI qy AmIrW-vzIrW dw

Sihr sI) Aqy klwnOr (ij`Qy Akbr dI qwjpoSI hoeI sI) lwhOr qoN mgroN dUjy nMbr ’qy sn qy aunHW SihrW ivc vI mwl-m`qw bhuq sI[ is`KW ny btwlw, klwnOr qy Awly-duAwly dy ielwky dy swry

ipMfW iv`coN srkwrI AhlkwrW nUM Bjw id`qw[ hux muZl hkUmq ies ielwky ivc isr& SihrW dIAW cwrdIvwrIAW qy ikilHAW ivc hI rih geI sI[^xxii klwnOr Aqy btwlw qoN mgroN is`KW ny

buqwlw, siTAwlw, Gumwx qy kwlw A&ZwnW ivc vI lu`tmwr kIqI[

lwhOr ’qy hmlw

p`tI, gurU dw c`k, irAwVkI Aqy kMFI dy ielwky ’qy kbzy mgroN, jUn 1710 ivc, is`K &OjW ny lwhOr ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ ies vyly lwhOr dw sUbydwr bhwdr Swh dw sB qoN v`fw Swhzwdw mAwzu`dIn jhWdwr Swh sI qy nwieb iek kwblI mOlvIzwdw seIAd Aslm ^wn sI[ is`K &OjW ny SwlImwr dy Awly-duAwly kbzw kr ilAw qy ^Ub lu`t mcweI[ is`KW ny ies ielwky dy bhuq swry AmIr-vzIrW nUM ^Ub lu`itAw pr Awm lokW nUM kuJ nw ikhw[ bhuq swry AmIr vzIr frdy mwry

B`j ky lwhOr Sihr dy AMdr Aw vVy[ is`KW ny Sihr ’qy vI hmlw kIqw pr auh Sihr dy gyt nw qoV sky qy cwrdIvwrI dy AMdr dwi^l nw ho sky[ &Ojdwr Aslm ^wn isr& bcwA dI lVweI

lVdw irhw ikauNik aus nUM AprYl 1709 dI hwr Ajy vI cyqy sI[ auN\ aus dIAW &OjW ny Sihr dw bcwA bVI bhwdrI nwl kIqw[

ieh lVweI do idn qk c`lI[ ies lVweI ivc dohW iDrW dy hzwrW &OjI mwry gey[ is`K &OjW BwvyN iklHw qW ij`q nw skIAW pr aunHW ny lwhOr dy Awly duAwly dy ielwky ‘qy kbzw kr ilAw[ pr, is`KW ny ie`Qy Tihrn dI bjwie ielwky dy muZl hwkmW qy hor AmIrW qoN, ijhVI bhuq

swrI dOlq Koh leI sI, lY ky r&U ho gey sn[ ^w&I ^wn muqwibk: “ies mOky ‘qy ielwky dy hzwrW cUVHy cmwrW ny is`K &OjW dy nwl rl ky lwhOr duAwly mIlW qk lu`t mcweI[”^xxiii

is`KW dy i^lw& jhwd

muhMmd kwism lwhOrI iebrqnwmw ivc ilKdw hY ik sqMbr-AkqUbr 1710 ivc is`KW ny Pyr lwhOr v`l mUMh kr ilAw[ lwhOr dy mOlvIAW ny lwhOr ivc eIdgwh (id`lI drvwzy dy nyVy, mOjUdw rylvy stySn vwlI QW) ’qy ‘hYdrI JMfw’ g`f ky, jhwd dw nwArw lw ky, ds hzwr qoN vD muslmwnW dw mulK`eIAw iek`Tw kr ilAw[ Swh jhwn bwdSwh dy v`fy vzIr sw`du`lw ^wn dw iek irSqydwr pIr muhMmd qkI, mUsw byZ (pu`qr ^udw vrdI ^wn Agr^wnI) qoN ielwvw mOlwixAW dy AwgU hwjI iesmweIl, hwjI inAwz byZ, Swh ienwiequ`lw, muhMmd zmwn rMGV qy mu`lW mIr muhMmd ies jhwdI &Oj dI AgvweI kr rhy sn[

ienHW muq`sbI muslmwnW nwl bhuq swry ihMdU vI rl gey[ ihMdUAW dI AgvweI Akbr dy vzIr tofr m`l dw poqrw (phwVw m`l dw pu`qr) kr irhw sI[ ies jhwd dy ^rcy vwsqy ihMdU vpwrIAW qy hor AmIrW-vzIrW ny vI Awpxy ^zwinAW dy mUMh KolH id`qy[ ies rkm nwl bhuq swry GoVy qy Aslw ^rIidAw igAw[ ihMdUAW iv`coN tofr m`l dy pu`qr ny sB qoN vD dOlq ^rc kIqI[ aus ny qW sYNkVy muslmwn nOjvwn BrqI kr ky Awpxy v`loN qn^whW vI id`qIAW[ aus ny AwpxIAW qopW qy bMdUkW vI lVweI ivc vrqx vwsqy dy id`qIAW sn[

BwvyN lwhOr dw nwieb Aslm ^wn is`KW qoN frdw Awp qW iklHy ivc luikAw hoieAw sI pr aus ny vI Srmo-kuSrmI iek hzwr ipAwdw &Oj Aqy pMj kU sO &OjI, Aqw-aulHw ^wn Aqy muihb ^wn Krl &rIdwbwdI dI AgvweI hyT, ies jhwd vwlI &Oj nwl Byj id`qy[ ienHW

‘ZwzIAW’ dI &Oj dIAW is`KW nwl iqMn lVweIAW, lwhOr dy duAwly ‘BrlI’ dy ielwky ivc hoeIAW: cimAwrI^xxiv ksby dy nyVy kotlw byZm, iklHw BgvMq isMG (prgxw sihMsrw) Aqy BIlovwl (m`lHw) ivc[

sB qoN pihlI lVweI ipMf Brq qy ipMf rwxI kol kotlw byZm hoeI[ ie`Qy is`KW dy isr& cwr ku in`ky-in`ky j`Qy sn[ lwhOroN AweI hzwrW dI ZwzI &Oj ny is`KW nUM Gyr ilAw[ igxqI QoVHI hox kwrn is`K bcwA dI lVweI lVdy rhy qy hnyrw pYx mgroN Gyrw cIr ky Bj gey[ ie`QoN B`j ky is`K cimAwrI ipMf kol jw ky ruk gey[ hux ZwzIAW ny cimAwrI v`l vI cwly pw id`qy[ cimAwrI jWidAW ZwzIAW iv`coN kuJ kU bMidAW ny nyVy dy ipMfW ivc lu`t-mwr krnI SurU kr id`qI[ kuJ bdmwS ZwzIAW ny AOrqW nwl jbr znwh vI kIqw[ZwzIAW dy AwgUAW ny ienHW bdmwSW nUM szw vI id`qI[ pr ies dy bwvjUd guMfwgrdI qy brCwgrdI dIAW hrkqW nUM koeI ^ws TlH nw peI[

Agly idn igxqI dy is`KW qy ZwzIAW ivckwr Gmswx dI lVweI hoeI[ is`K igxqI ivc bhuq QoVHy sn[ auh ie`QoN B`j ky gVHI BgvMq isMG ivc jw vVy[ ZwzIAW ny is`KW nUM eyQy vI Gyr ilAw[ rwq vyly is`K ie`QoN vI Gyrw qoV ky inkl gey[ AglI svyr nUM gVHI KwlI vyK ky ZwzI &OjW bhuq ^uS hoeIAW qy kuJ icr llkwry mwrn mgroN, jyqU &OjW vWg, lwhOr v`l nUM cl peIAW[ lwhOr jWidAW rwh ivc hnyrw pY igAw qW auh rwq k`tx vwsqy BIlovwl ivc ruky[ aunHW ny rwq BIlovwl dy iklHy ivc k`tx dw plwn bxwieAw[ pr ieh iklHw eyfw v`fw nhIN sI ik ies ivc swry jhwdI smw skdy[ ies kr ky sInIAr A&sr Aqy purwxy &OjI iklHy ivc vV gey qy bwkI dy bwhr rVy mYdwn ivc hI lyt gey[

auDr jd is`KW nUM pqw l`gw ik jhwdI &Oj iklHy dy bwhr su`qI hoeI hY qW aunHW rwqo-rwq, cup-cwp iklHw Gyr ilAw qy phu &u`tidAW hI aunHW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies Acwxk hmly ivc

hzwrW jhwdI mwry gey qy bhuq swry jwn bcw ky B`j vI gey[ hux is`KW ny iklHy nUM Gyrw pweI r`iKAw qy AMdr Tihry &OjIAW nUM bwhr inklx ’qy mjbUr kr id`qw[ ies lVweI ivc tofr m`l dw poqrw, murqzw ^wn Aqy hor bhuq swry jhwdI AwgU vI mwry gey[ BIlovwl dI lVweI ny ies

‘jhwd’ dw frwpsIn lY AWdw[

ienHW iqMnW lVweIAW ivc Aw^rI ij`q is`KW dI hI hoeI qy aunHW ny ikilHAW ‘qy kbzw vI kIqw[ pr is`K ienHW ikilHAW ivc Tihry nhIN[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc is`KW dy i^lw& lVn vwly jhwdI iek qW nw-qjrbwkwr sn qy dUjw jd lVweI SurU hoeI qW auh SurU ivc hI is`KW dy roh qoN dihl gey qy is`KW v`loN gurU dy nW ’qy kIqy hmly dI qwAb nw J`l sky[ BwvyN iv`coN iek A`D vwr jhwdIAW dy AwgUAW ny aunHW nUM h`lwSyrI dyx dI koiSS vI kIqI pr fry hoey ispwhIAW ivc jwn nw BrI jw skI[ ies nwl is`KW dw dbkw hor vI kwiem ho igAw qy Awm lok hI nhIN blik

muZl hwkm qy &OjI vI is`KW qoN frn lg pey[ ies dIAW ^brW bwdSwh nUM vI phuMcIAW qy auh vI burI qrHW Gbrw igAw[^xxv ieh g`l Agsq 1710 dI hY[

iek swl qoN vI Gt smyN (nvMbr 1709 qoN sqMbr 1710), Xwin isr& ds mhIny, ivc bMdw isMG dI AgvweI ivc is`KW ny dirAwvW rwvI qy jmnw ivckwrlw qy Awly-duAwly dw ielwkw Awzwd krvw ilAw sI[ ies vyly is`KW ny srhMd, smwxw, C`q-bnUV, bihlolpur, rUpV, GuVwm, kpUrI, mlyrkotlw, Qwnysr, Swhbwd, bUVIAw, Tskw, sFOrw, shwrnpur, idEbMd, nnOqw, byht, AMbytw, rwhoN, btwlw, klwnOr, pTwnkot, bsohlI (jMmU ivc) dy ikilHAW Aqy ngrW ’qy kbzw kr Awpxy bol-bwly kwiem kr ley sn[ ies qoN ielwvw cMbw, ku`lU, mMfI, iblwspur, nwhn, gVHvwl vZYrw phwVI irAwsqW ny is`KW dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI sI[ is`KW dy ienHW swry ielwikAW ivc Awpxy &Ojdwr, dIvwn, Qwxydwr, Awiml, j`j, kwrdwr lw id`qy sn[ id`lI sUby dy hwkm vI is`K &OjW dy nW qoN hI frn lg pey sn[

muZl bwdSwh dI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm

bwdSwh dw l`KW &OjW nwl srhMd v`l kUc

auDr, 2 jnvrI 1709 nUM, bhwdr Swh bwdSwh ny d`Kx ivc Awpxy Aw^rI Brw kwm b^S nUM hrw ky kql kr idqw[ hux bhwdr Swh dw koeI vI ivroDI nhIN sI bicAw[ 19 jnvrI 1709 nUM aus ny d`Kx qoN id`lI vl vwpsI dw s&r SurU kr idqw[ 29 jnvrI nUM bhwdr Swh dw pVwA

‘qwlwb husYn zwkr’ dy mukwm ’qy sI[ ie`QoN aus ny Kvwjw Abdu`lw ‘idl dlyr ^wn’ nUM lwhOr dw sUbydwr qy jMmU dw &Ojdwr bxw id`qw qy aus nUM id`lI qoN lwhOr jwx vwsqy pYZwm Byj id`qw[ ^xxvi

bhwdr Swh hOlI-hOlI Awpxw s&r qYA krdw id`lI v`l nUM jw irhw sI[ 6 mwrc 1709 nUM bhwdr Swh kmlwpur dI jUh ivc pu`j igAw[ ie`Qy aus ny iek bVw AjIb ijhw snkI AYlwn jwrI kIqw ik ‘jSn dy idn qoN ibnW, munwiem ^wn bhwdr (^wn ^wnw), AmIr-aul-aumrw zuli&kwr ^wn, cug`qw ^wn, mhwbq ^wn, Swh invwz ^wn qy hmId -aud -dIn, CyAW AmIrW qoN ibnW hor koeI jVwaU srpyc isr ’qy nw sjwey[’ 13 mwrc nUM bhwdr Swh ny iek hor hukm jwrI kIqw ik ‘iksy ihMdU nUM pwlkI ivc s&r krdw vyKo qW igR&qwr kr lE[’

29 mwrc 1709 dy idn bhwdr Swh mwdrI ngr pu`j igAw[ ie`QoN aus ny Asd ^wn (nvwb Aws&-aud-dOlw inzwmul mulk) id`lI qy muhMmd AmIn ^wn ‘cYn bhwdur’, &Ojdwr murwdwbwd, nUM

&urmwn Byjy ik mwrvwV (joDpur) dy rwjy AjIq isMh nUM nwbrI-AkwbrI (bZwvq) dI szw id`qI jwvy[ ienHW bwZI rwjpUq rwijAW nUM szw dyx vwsqy bwdSwh Awp vI rwjpUqwnw (hux rwijsQwn) v`l cl ipAw[ AjIq isMh (joDpur), jY isMh svweI (jYpur-AMbyr) qy Amr isMh (audYpur) rwjy, 1708 ivc bhwdr Swh nwl d`Kx dI muihMm ’qy gey sn, pr rsqy ivc hI, mMdsOr qoN, muV Awey sn[ ienHW rwjpUq rwijAW ny vwips Aw ky Awly-duAwly dy muZl A&sr kql kr ky Awpxw mukMml kbzw kwiem kr ilAw sI[

21 Agsq 1709 dy idn bhwdr Swh swmrdw ngr pu`j igAw[ ie`QoN aus ny kwzI kurbwn dy pu`qr mIr Abdu`lw slwm nUM lwhOr dw koqvwl bxwaux dw &urmwn jwrI kIqw[ aus ny 23 Agsq nUM AlI mrdwn ^wn (zbrdsq ^wn) nUM kSmIr dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw[ bhwdr Swh ny iesy idn ieh hukm vI jwrI kIqw ik ‘ihMdU AihlkwrW dy mnsbW ivc ibnw-Srq svwrW dI igxqI Gtw

id`qI jwvy[’ 12 AkqUbr 1709 dy idn bhwdr Swh ny Alqw& ^wn nUM lwhOr dw b^SI qy vkwieAw ingwr (^brW dw ilKwrI) bxw id`qw sI[^xxvii

bwdSwh nUM is`KW dIAW ij`qW dIAW ^brW imlxw

25 &rvrI 1710 nUM bhwdr Swh jmrOlI ksby ivc phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy aus nUM srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn dw iek ^q imilAw ijs ivc aus ny iliKAw sI ik “Kwlsw is`KW ny jo BVQU srhMd Aqy pMjwb dy gory ivc pw id`qw hY ik`QoN qk Arz krW[ aunHW ny cMgy-cMgy prgxy Ksqw-Krwb kr G`qy hn[ A`j hI ^br imlI hY ik prgxw bUVIAw qy sFOrw lu`t-pu`t ley gey hn[ srkwrI Aihlkwr mwr mukwey hn[ dHwmly dy Swnw-m`qy A&ZwnW nUM ^wkSwh brwbr kr id`qw (mwr id`qw) hY[”^xxviii ies ’qy bhwdr Swh ny inzwmul mulk nUM vzIr ^wn dw swQ dyx dI hdwieq ilK ByjI[

23 AprYl nUM bhwdr Swh nUM lwhOr sUby dy dIvwn rusqm ^wn dw ^q imilAw ijs ivc aus ny iliKAw sI ik “iek jxy ny Awpxy Awp nUM gurU ds ky, jmIAq joVnw qy &swd krnw SurU kr

id`qw hY[” ies ’qy bwdSwh ny 28 AprYl nUM eymnwbwd Aqy ies dy Awly-duAwly dy &OjdwrW nUM hukm jwrI kIqw ik auh lwhOr dy sUbydwr dw swQ dyx qW jo is`KW nUM szw id`qI jw sky[^xxix

5 meI 1710 dy idn bhwdr Swh Ajmyr phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy bhwdr Swh dy Byjy s&Ir jYpur, joDpur, Ajmyr dy rwjpUq rwijAW nUM lY ky bwdSwh kol phuMcy[^xxx 10 meI nUM bwdSwh ny Swhzwdw AzImu`Swn dI is&wirS mMn ky ienHW iqMnW rwijAW dy swry ksUr muAw& kr id`qy Aqy aunHW nUM iK`lqW dy ky ivdw kIqw[^xxxi drAsl bwdSwh ies vyly pMjwb dI hwlq bwry vDyry i&krmMd sI ies kr ky aus ny rwjpUqW nwl smJOqw krnw hI byhqr smiJAw[

12 meI nUM prIq rwE hrkwry ny bhwdr Swh nUM d`isAw ik “iek is`K ny srhMd qy lwhOr dy ielwky ivc Awpxy Awp nUM gurU AYlwn kr id`qw hY qy aus ny bhuq swry bMdy Awpxy nwl iek`Ty kr ley hn[ aus ny shwrnpur ’qy vI hmlw kIqw hY[” ies ’qy bwdSwh ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik sUbydwr is`KW dy i^lw& &OrI AYkSn lYx[^xxxii

iesy idn, muZl bwdSwh dy drbwr ivc hwizr, AMbyr dy rwjy jY isMh svweI dy vkIl ny Awpxy rwjy nUM ilKI iek ic`TI ivc disAw ik:

“vzIr ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd) dy vkIl ny mYnUM d`isAw hY ik ies i&rky (is`KW) dy &swd nUM mwmUlI nhIN smJxw cwhIdw[ s`qr hzwr dy krIb bMdy sFOrw ivc iek`Ty hoey-hoey hn[ auh kdI gurU dw nW zbwn

’qy ilAwauNdy hn qy kdy kihMdy hn ik ‘iek drvyS AzZYboN Aw ky swfy nwl Swiml ho igAw hY[’ duAwbw vZYrw prgxy brbwd kr ky &qihAwbwd (ibAws dirAw qk) Cw gey hn[ vzIr ^wn dy ilKx ’qy nvwb inzwmul mulk (Asd ^wn) ny ihswr vZYrw dy &OjdwrW nUM SrIk hox vwsqy iliKAw hY pr ienHW ivcwirAW dIAW AwpxIAW iFMbrIAW tweIt hoeIAW peIAW hn[ vyKIey r`b dI kI mrzI hY? ies jmwq dy bMidAW ny lwhOr ivc vI KdyV-bKyV kIqI hY Ar keIAW nUM mwr id`qw hY Ar kihMdy hn ik shwrnpur nUM vI Aw GyirAw hY[… mukdI g`l ies vyly qk iesy i&rky dIAW qwkqW in`q vD rhIAW hn[ nvwb Aws&u`dOlw

(Asd ^wn) ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn qy ^wn du`rwn bhwdur v`l pYZwm Byjy sn ik auh aus pwsy is`KW ’qy iek dm cVHweI krn[ aunHW jvwb id`qw hY ik ‘AsIN qW Awp pRySwn-hwl hW; jy nvwb swihb auDr cVHngy qW (AsIN) nwl hI cly c`lWgy’[…g`l tldI nw vyK ky nvwb swihb ny Abdu`lw ^wn (Kvwjw) nUM vzIr ^wn pws Byjx dw &Yslw kIqw hY[ nwly lwg-lOxy dy &OjdwrW nUM qwkIdI ^q ilKy hn ik ‘Awpo ivc soQw kr ky ies i&rky nwl is`Jx[’ bwdSwh v`loN vI igrdo-invwhI dy &OjdwrW nUM qwkId hoeI hY[ Ar Abdu`lw ^wn nUM pMjIh hzwr Awlwiq-nukrw (cWdI dy is`ky) Aqy pMjwh hzwr rupey srhMd dy ^zwny iv`coN mdd vwsqy id`qy

jwx dw hukm hoieAw hY[ ^wn swihb dy Awp bury hwl qy bWky idhwVy hn, pr b`Dy-ru`Dy aus hukm nUM mMn ilAw hY[”^xxxiii

20 meI 1710 nUM bwdSwh Ajmyr dy nyVy bhwsU dy pVwA ’qy sI[ ie`Qy aus nUM ^br imlI ik

is`KW ny srhMd ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw hY qy au~QoN dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn nUM mwr id`qw igAw hY Aqy aus dw pu`qr jW jvweI mwirAw igAw hY jW PiVAw igAw hY[^xxxiv bwdSwh nUM disAw igAw ik

ies ^br dI qsdIk krnI Ajy bwkI hY[

24 meI 1710 nUM bwdSwh tofw ksbw ivc sI[ ie`Qy aus ƒ srhMd ’qy is`KW dy kbzy Aqy vzIr ^wn dy mwry jwx dI ^br dI qweId hoeI[ bhwdr Swh ny Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) dy mus`dIAW v`l hukm ilKwieAw ik auh ^wn jhwn bhwdur sUbydwr Alwhwbwd qy AbYd ^wn bhwdur nUM mdd vjoN 8 l`K rupY dyx; Ar A&zl ^wn nUM hukm id`qw igAw ik auh Swhjhwnwbwd jwvy

Aqy ^wn bhwdur, Abdu`lw ^wn, SmSyr ^wn, cyq isMh (zmINdwr kmwEN) qy AnUp isMh qy eIsw

^wn vZYrw nUM ‘gurU’ (bMdw isMG) dI qwVnw vwsqy Byjy[^xxxv

bMdw isMG dIAW ij`qW nUM swhvyN r`K ky bwdSwh ny mihsUs kIqw ik auh is`KW Aqy rwjpUqW dohW nwl iek`iTAW nhIN lV skdw[ ies hwlq ivc bhwdr Swh ny AMbyr, audYpur qy joDpur rwjpUqW nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& vrqx dI soc nwl, aunHW nwl smJOqw krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw Aqy 26 meI nUM aunHW dy ‘gunwh’ muAw& krn sbMDI &urmwn, kOl (vwAdw) pMjw lw ky qy jwgIrW prvwny ilK ky, Byj id`qy[ ies dy nwl hI bhwdr Swh ny Awp vI pMjwb v`l kUc krn dw AYlwn kr idqw[

27 meI nUM S&iSkn ^wn ny bhwdr Swh nUM Arz kIqI ik “jy cklw srhMd dI &OjdwrI loVINdI sm`grI qy jmIAq sxy bMdy (S&iSkn ^wn) nUM b^SI jwey qW ieh Zulwm, aus ‘gurU’, ijs ny &swd mcwieAw hoieAw hY, dw CyqI hI m`kU bMnH dyvygw[” b^SI-aul-mulk ny ieh Arz bhwdr Swh qk phuMcw id`qI[ (pr bwdSwh ny pySkS nUM kbUl nhIN kIqw)[^xxxvi

28 meI nUM bhwdr Swh nUM disAw igAw ik joDpur dy rwjw AjIq isMh qy jYpur dy rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM ‘gurU’ (bMdw isMG) dy ^q pu`jy hn qy aunHW ienHW ^qW dy jvwb vI ilK G`ly hn[ ieh dovyN rwjy sWBr qoN mnohrpur v`l kUc kr gey hn[^xxxvii 5 jUn nUM bhwdr Swh ny ^wn^wnw (munwiem ^wn) dy Arz krn ’qy mhwbq ^wn (pu`qr ^wn ^wnw) nUM ienHW rwijAW v`l ByijAw qW jo auh aunHW nUM qs`lI idvw ky bhwdr Swh dy hzUir lY Awvy[^xxxviii 10 jUn nUM ^br imlI ik mhwbq

^wn ienHW rwijAW nUM bwdSwh kol ilAw irhw hY[ is`KW qoN fry Aqy Gbrwey hoey bwdSwh ny aunHW nUM ikhw ik auh iek pVwA A`gy jw ky rwijAW nUM SwhI Adb nwl ‘jI AwieAW’ kihx[^xxxix

10 jUn nUM hI bwdSwh ny lwhOr dy mus`dIAW v`l hukm ByijAw ik auh moey vzIr ^wn dy BqIjy muhMmd qkI nUM iqMn hzwr rupY rwh ^rc dyx Aqy bwdSwh v`l Byj dyx[ iesy idn bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik b^SI Swh invwz dI jwgIr dy Awiml (A&sr) is`KW qoN fr ky ielwkw C`f ky B`j gey hn[^xl Qwnysr ivc vI hwbV-dwbV m`c geI hY[ pwnIpq (prgxw &Yzwbwd) dy bhuqy lok mwl-m`qw lY ky Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) n`s Awey hn[

11 jUn nUM bwdSwh iPr A`gy nUM tur ipAw[ rsqy ivc mhwbq ^wn dohW rwjpUq rwijAW nUM lY AwieAw[ AjIq isMh qy jY isMh svweI ny do-do sO muhrW qy do-do hzwr rupY inswr (vwrny) vjoN bhwdr Swh nUM Byt kIqy[ rwjy ny aunHW nUM vDIAw jwmy-joVy, jVwaU SmSIrW, vfmu`lIAW dwaUdIAW,

hwQI qy ierwkI GoVy hr iek nUM id`qy[ nwl hI bwdSwh ny im`Ty bcn kih ky qs`lI id`qI qy vqnW nUM ivdw kIqw[^xli

qzikrw slwqIn cug`qw dw lyKk (muhMmd hwdI kwmvr ^wn), jo ies vyly bwdSwh dy nwl sI, dsdw hY ik “mYN vyiKAw ik swrw phwV qy jMgl rwjpUqW nwl F`ko-F`kI BirAw ipAw sI Ar keI hzwr sWFxI svwr phwV dIAW K`fW ivc Kloqy sn[ pr bwdSwh nwl cwr SihzwidAW,

^ws inktI AmIrW qo ibnW hor koeI nhIN sI[” ies qoN sw& zwihr hY ik rwjpUq rwjy pUrI iqAwrI ivc sn Aqy jy bhwdr Swh koeI gVbV krdw qW aus dw kMm vI qmwm ho jwxw sI[

^w&I ^wn (muMq^bul lubwb ivc) ilKdw hY ik 12 jUn nUM bwdSwh bhwdr Swh Ajmyr pu`jw qW aus nUM pMjwb dy swry sUibAW ivc is`KW v`loN pwey BVQU dIAW ^brW imlIAW qy auh prySwn ho igAw[ bwdSwh nUM 22 jUn nUM ieh vI pqw l`gw ik bMdw isMG ny iklHw lohgVH ivc fyrw jmwieAw hoieAw hY[ ipCly h&qy iek idn auh ies iklHy iv`coN hwQI ’qy cVH ky, h`Q ivc nyzw PV ky inkilAw qy ie`QoN 12-13 iklomItr dUr gulwb ngr (bUVIAw) phuMicAw[ aus nwl FweI hzwr GoVsvwr qy ds hzwr ipAwdw &Oj sI[ bUVIAw ivc aus nUM ^br imlI ik is`K &OjW jlwl ^wn qoN hwr ky shwrnpur Aw geIAW hn[ jd bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik ies lVweI ivc is`KW dw kw&I Aslw qy cOdW hzwr ruipAw jlwl ^wn dy h`Q AwieAw hY qW aus (bwdSwh) nUM kuJ qs`lI mihsUs hoeI[^xlii

Agly idn bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik bUVIAw qoN bMdw isMG shwrnpur v`l c`lw sI[ shwrnpur prgxy dy ipMf bnyr ivc shwrnpur dw nvW is`K Qwnydwr Amr isMG aus nUM A`goN Aw imilAw[ bMdw isMG ny aus dy mUMh kol do vwr nyzw kr ky ikhw, “A&ZwnW nwl jMg ’coN n`s ky ikauN Awey E?” ies ’qy Amr isMG ny jvwb id`qw ik “ihMdU cODrI lwl kMvr gu`jr ny swfy nwl dZw kIqw hY[ iesy kwrn swfI hwr hoeI hY[” ies ’qy bMdw isMG ny ikhw ik “AsIN ieh bIVw Drm vwsqy cu`ikAw hY[ kI gu`jr qy kI ihMdU Awpxy Awp Aw ky nOkr hoieAw krngy[” ies mgroN bMdw isMG ny jwn muhMMmd, zmINdwr gulwb ngr (bUVIAw), nUM AwiKAw, “AsIN qYnUM swry prgxy dw

BUp (rwjw) bxw id`qw hY[ qUM jo gunwh kIqy sn auh AsIN muAw& kr id`qy hn[ qUM AwpxI jmIAq (&Oj) sxy jwh Aqy cONfly dy zmINdwr srdwr ^wn nUM lY ky Aw qy iPr jlwl ^wn nUM soDx vwsqy cVHweI kr[” bwdSwh nUM ieh vI d`isAw igAw ik gurb^S isMG ies vyly bUVIAw dw &Ojdwr qy AmIn hY[ ie`QoN dy AmIn kwzI Swh muhMmd nUM igR&qwr kr ky aus dw mwl-m`qw zbq kr ky aus

nUM fwbr (lohgVH) ivc kYd kr id`qw hY[ bMdw isMG ny ikSor isMG nUM bUVIAw dw mdwru`l mhwm (kwr mu^iqAwr) bxw id`qw hY[

iesy smyN bwdSwh nUM ieh vI di`sAw igAw ik bMdw isMG ny bUVIAw dw nW gulwb ngr qy

shwrnpur dw nW Bwg ngr rK id`qw hY[ ienHW ^brW nwl bwdSwh Pyr prySwn ho igAw[

pihlI julweI 1710 dy idn bhwdr Swh dw kw&lw rUp ngr pu`jw[^xliii ie`Qy aus nUM murw& ^wn dw ^q imilAw ijs ivc aus ny iliKAw sI ik is`KW ny rwmpurw, nnOqw, JuMJwxw, bkOr, brswdU, sFOrw, krwnw, buFwxw, kMDwlw qy bUVIAw ivc Qwxy kwiem kr ley hn[ shwrnpur dw kwnUMngo qy bwZI gu`jr aus dy nwl rl gey hn[ bwdSwh nUM ieh ^br vI imlI ik 20 jUn nUM is`KW dI t`kr ipMf rVH dy lwgy ipMf kyhrw dI jUh ivc, dyhrwnw qy mukwd ipMfW ivcly A&ZwnW nwl hoeI sI ijs ivc aunHW ny is`KW nUM hrw id`qw sI[ is`KW qy A&ZwnW ivc hoeI lVweI bwry bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik jlwl ^wn ny Awpxy poqry Zulwm muhMmd binAwrw qy pIr muhMMmd ^wn dI mdd nwl is`KW nUM zbrdsq hwr id`qI sI[ ies lVweI ivc keI is`K mwry gey sn qy bwkI B`j gey sn[ is`KW dIAW do qopW, pMj bMdUkW, Cy rwmjMgy, keI rweI&lW, do qlvwrW, iek hzwr qIr, cwr qMbU qy hor bhuq swrw swmwn jlwl ^wn dIAW &OjW dy h`Q AwieAw sI[ ieh ^br sux ky audws hoey bwdSwh nUM kuJ qs`lI hoeI qy aus ny jlwl ^wn vwsqy iek iK`lq, iek &urmwn qy iek GoVw Byjx dw hukm id`qw[ bwdSwh eynI in`kI ijhI ij`q ’qy vI bwZo-bwZ ho igAw Aqy aus ny ieh vI ikhw ik srhMd qy shwrnpur dI &OjdwrI vI ies ^wn (jlwl ^wn ruhIlw) nUM sONp id`qI jwvygI[

2 julweI nUM bwdSwh nUM, bMdw isMG dI srhMd ivc ij`q qoN mgroN, is`KW v`loN AYlwinAw igAw AYlwn-nwmw pVH ky suxwieAw igAw; ijs dy bol sn:

Azmq-ie-nwnk gurU hm zwhr E bwqn Asq] pwdSwh-ie-dIn-E-dunIAW Awp s`cw swihb Asq]

(ies dunIAW qy aus dunIAW ivc gurU nwnk dI vifAweI kwiem ho geI[ s`cw gurU dIn qy dunIAW dw pwiqSwh hY)[

bwdSwh nUM disAw igAw ik is`KW ny Awpxy AjIbo-ZrIb ^u&IAw ‘boly’ muk`rr kIqy hoey hn[ auh iek-iek`ly is`K nUM ‘&Oj’ kihMdy hn[ aunHW ny Awpxw is`kw vI clw id`qw hY[ auh Awpxy hukmnwimAW ivc, jo AwimlW (tYks iek`Tw krn vwilAW) nUM Byjdy hn ‘sMmq pihlw’ ilKdy hn[ auh ipMfW ivc &slW dI vtweI krWdy hn; do ih`sy rwhk nUM dyNdy hn qy isr& qIjw ih`sw Awp lYNdy hn[ vzIr ^wn dy d&IinAW qoN ibnW hwQI, GoVy, nkd mwl qy ijxsW bhuq aunHW dy h`Q l`gIAW hn[ lokW ivc bVw rOlw-r`pw ipAw hoieAw hY[^xliv

ienHW idnW ivc bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik bMdw isMG Awp shwrnpur Aw pu`jw hY ies kr ky bwVHw dw s`dwq ^wn qy hor AmIr-vzIr bMdw isMG dw twkrw krn vwsqy iqAwrI kr rhy hn[ s`dwq kol s`q sO GoVsvwr &Oj hY[ jlwl ^wn ruhIlw ies vkq jlwlwbwd dI r`iKAw vwsqy ies ngr dy iklHy ivc bYTw hoieAw hY jo aus dy Gr muz`&r ngr qoN 45 kU iklomItr dUr hY[ s`q julweI nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik jlwl ^wn qy s`dwq ^wn dIAW &OjW dy Cy hzwr GoVsvwrW ny is`KW nwl ^Ub t`kr leI sI qy aunHW (is`KW) dw bVw nukswn kr ky ij`q hwisl kIqI sI[ ies lVweI ivc A`T sO isK mwry gey sn jW burI qrHW z^mI hoey sn[ bwdSwh nUM ieh ^br vI id`qI geI ik bMdw isMG vI mirAw igAw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh bhuq ^uS hoieAw[ pr jd aus ny ies dI qweId seIAd vjIh-aud-dIn qoN vI kIqI qW aus ny disAw ik bMdw isMG mwirAw nhIN sI igAw blik bc ky inkl igAw sI qy jlwl ^wn ny aus dw ip`Cw kIqw sI[

8 julweI ƒ bhwdr Swh ny iskMdrwbwd Aqy myrT dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ƒ srhMd dw nvW &Ojdwr bxw idqw qy aus dy mnsb ivc A`T sO dw vwDw kr ky do hzwr svwr qy do hzwr zwq kr idqw[^xlv pr ies Aihmd ^wn ivc srhMd jwx dI jurAq nhIN sI[

23 julweI nUM bwdSwh audYpur phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy aus nUM pqw l`gw ik bMdw isMG ny pwnIpq au~qy kbzw krn vwsqy vI &Oj Byj id`qI hY[ ieh vI crcw hY ik au~QoN dy hwkm is`KW nwl rl

gey hn[ is`KW dw srhMd Aqy shwrnpur ’qy mukMml kbzw ho cukw hY[ b^SI muhMmd nsIr, is`K bx ky, nsIr isMG AKvwaux lg ipAw hY[ bMdw isMG ny aus nUM ^zwnw A&sr bxw id`qw hY[ ienHW dohW SihrW ivc iek vI muZl jW A&Zwn A&sr nhIN irhw[ bwdSwh nUM ieh vI di`sAw igAw ik bMdw isMG kol koeI ZYbI qwkq hY[ jd auh shwrnpur jwx vwsqy dirAw jmnw dy kMFy

’qy AwieAw qW aus ny dirAw nUM ikhw ik myrIAW &OjW nUM pwr krn vwsqy rsqw dyh, qW dirAw iek dm SWq ho igAw qy swrIAW is`K &OjW Awrwm nwl pwr ho geIAW[^xlvi

25 julweI nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik is`KW ny shwrnpur, nnOqw vZYrw pUrI qrHW kbzy ivc kr ley hn[ bwdSwh nUM Arz pu`jI ik auh i&roz ^wn myvwqI dI kmWf hyT SwhI &Oj bMdw isMG

dy i^lw& Byj dyvy[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny rusqm idl ^wn rwhIN i&roz ^wn myvwqI nUM is`KW dy i^lw& &Oj iljwaux dw hukm dy idqw[^xlvii 28 julweI nUM bwdSwh ny bwVHw dy seIAd vjIh-aud-

dIn, ausmwn ^wn krwvl qy rusqm idl ^wn dy Brw sulqwn kulI ^wn nUM vI i&roz ^wn myvwqI

dy nwl jwx dI iejwzq dy id`qI[ bwdSwh ny myvwqI nUM pMjwh hzwr rupY vI ^rcy vwsqy id`qy[^xlviii

hux bwdSwh ny Awp pMjwb ivc v`fw AYkSn krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ aus ny cwr Agsq nUM audYpur dy rwjy Amr isMh nUM iK`lq, ijgh klgI, sunihrI kwTI sxy GoVw, Jwlrdwr pwlkI vZYrw eInwm vjoN id`qy qW jo aus nUM vI is`KW i^lw& muihMm ivc iljwieAw jw sky[ 14 Agsq nUM bwdSwh mdgWv ivc sI[ ie`Qy aus ny &urmwn jwrI kIqw ik ‘bwdSwh dy kw&ly dw koeI jxw vI

Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) nw jwvy qy nw hI rwjDwnI qoN iksy nUM SwhI lSkr ivc vVn id`qw jwvy[’^xlix bwdSwh Awp vI id`lI nhIN igAw Aqy is`Dw hI sonIpq v`l clw igAw[ bwdSwh nwl

lKnaU, murwdwbwd Aqy id`lI dy sUbydwr vI AwpxIAW &OjW sxy Swiml ho gey[ ies qoN ielwvw bwVHw swdwq (izlHw muz`&r ngr) dw seIAd Abdu`lw (sUbydwr Alwhwbwd), do ihMdU rwjpUq rwjy cqrswl buMdylw qy auidq isMh buMdylw vI AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky bwdSwh dy nwl cl pey[

26 Agsq nUM bwdSwh ny kmwEN dy ihMdU rwjy nUM hukm ByijAw ik auh bMdw isMG dw ip`Cw kry qy aus nUM szw dyx mgroN bwdSwh kol pyS hovy[^l 28 Agsq nUM sRIngr-gVHvwl dy rwjy &qih Swh nUM vI hukm ByijAw igAw ik auh nwnk pMQIAW (is`KW) dy i^lw& muihMm SurU kry[

ienHW idnW ivc i&roz ^wn myvwqI Aqy bwVHw dy seIAd vjIh-aud-dIn ivc &rk Aw gey[ vjIh-aud-dIn rus ky Awpxy ngr clw igAw[ Agly idn 5 sqMbr nUM jd ieh ^br bwdSwh nUM imlI qW aus ny gu`sy ivc Aw ky aus dw mnsb pMMj sO zwq Gtwaux dw &urmwn jwrI kr id`qw Aqy do gurj-brdwr Byj ky aus nUM drbwr ivc pyS hox dw hukm id`qw[

au~Dr Xmnw pwr m`lHW mwrn mgroN bMdw isMG ny vI pMjwb vl vwpsI SurU kr idqw[ aus ny ibnod isMG Aqy rwm isMG ƒ cwr hzwr svwr dy ky pwnIpq Aqy qrwvVI ’qy kbjw krn vwsqy

Byj idqw[ BweI BgqU prvwr dy BweI &qih isMG qy gurb^S isMG, bwbw PUl prvwr dy iqlok isMG qy rwm isMG Aqy BweI rUpy dy byty prm isMG qy Drm isMG ƒ mwlvw (smwxw, l`KI jMgl Aqy iqhwVw) dw ielwkw sONp ky bMdw isMG Awp lohgVH iklHy vl rvwnw ho igAw[

muMq^bul lubwb dw lyKk muhMmd hwiSm ^w&I ^wn ies smyN dI hwlq bwry ilKdw hY:

“eyDr rwjDwnI Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) qoN do-qrY pVwau nyVy qk, qy EDr lwhOr dy gorhy qk, swry ksby Aqy mShUr Sihr, mrdaU qoN sYNkVy kohW dUr nwpwkW (is`KW) dI lut-mwr nwl burI qrHW dly-mly gey sn Aqy bMdy igxqI dI h`d qoN bhuq vDyry ‘ShId’ ho gey sn[ A r sMswr kw&rW (is`KW) dI mwr nwl brbwd ho igAw sI[ ^ws kr ky sFOrw qy krnwl ksby, sxy sbMDq ipMfW dy, ij`QoN dy &Ojdwr, Anyk swQI muslmwnW smyq, AwpxI AOkwq muqwibk mukwblw kr ky ‘Srbqy-Shwdq’ pI gey sn, bhuq izAwdw brbwd kIqy gey[”

28 Agsq nUM bwdSwh dy drbwr ivc vI pMjwb ivc is`KW dy bol bwly dw izkr hoieAw sI:

“srhMd dy d&IinAW-^zIinAW bwry kI ilKIey! swhUkwrW qoN pqw lgdw hY ik doAwbw qoN mwmlw-vtweI AsloN hwisl nhIN ho irhw[ sdw Kwlsy-is`K vsUl krdy qy g`fy l`d ky fwbr (lohgVH), jo aunHW AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw hY, lY jWdy hn[ iek idn qW iqMn sO g`fy l`dI leI jWdy sn[ lwhOr qk aunHW dw rwh f`kx vwlw koeI nhIN[”^li

29 Agsq nUM bwdSwh ny iek nvW hukm jwrI kIqw ik jo ihMdU pySkwr bx ky hzUr AwauNdy hn, AwpxIAW dwhVIAW munw ky AwieAw krn[ ies hukm ’qy iek dm Aml krn vwly pySkwrW, dIvwnW, b^SIAW, mIr AwiqS qy hor i^dmq guzwrW nUM jwmy-joVy qy kMnW leI moqsrIAW eInwm vjoN b^SIAW geIAW[^lii

bwdSwh is`KW qoN eynw frn l`g ipAw sI ik hux aus dw isr& ie`ko-iek kMm rih igAw sI: bMdw isMG nUM ^qm krnw qy aus dw hr AYkSn iesy muihMm duAwly GuMmdw sI[ 29 sqMbr nUM bwdSwh ny mhwbq ^wn (pu`qr muneIm ^wn) nUM Awpxy kol bulw ky iK`lq Byt kIqI Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy jwx vwsqy hukm kIqw[ aus nUM ikhw igAw ik auh Awpxw morcw krnwl ivc lwvy[ bwdSwh ny nusrq ^wn, Zulwm nbI kulI ^wn qy seIAd hsn ^wn qoN ielwvw ihMdU rwjy rwjw Cqrswl buMdylw nUM vI mhwbq ^wn dy nwl jwx vwsqy hukm kIqw, jo aunHW ny ^uSI-^uSI kbUl kr ilAw[^liii

2 AkqUbr nUM bwdSwh nUM ieqlwh imlI ik i&roz ^wn myvwqI 28 sqMbr nUM krnwl pu`j igAw sI qy auh CyqI hI is`KW ’qy hmlw SurU kr dyvygw[^liv 12 AkqUbr nUM bwdswh nUM ^br imlI ik i&roz ^wn vI krnwl qoN 6 kU iklomItr dUr qrwvVI phuMc igAw hY qy is`K ‘sUr’ Qwxw KwlI kr ky cly gey hn[ 14 AkqUbr nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik jlwl ^wn ruhIlw qy is`KW ivc Gmswx dw jMg hoieAw sI ijs ivc 300 SwhI &OjI qy keI is`K vI mwry gey sn[^lv

rwhoN dI lVweI (AkqUbr-nvMbr 1710)

sqMbr-AkqUbr 1710 ivc is`KW ny rwhoN (audoN izlHw jlMDr, hux izlHw nvWSihr) ’qy vI hmlw kIqw qy kuJ icr vwsqy qW auh ies Sihr Aqy ies dy iklHy ‘qy kwbz vI ho gey[ jd ies dw pqw jlMDr-duAwb dy sulqwnpur dy swbkw &Ojdwr Sms ^wn nUM l`gw qW auh pMj hzwr &Oj lY ky rwhoN Aw igAw[ ies vyly iklHy ivc bhuqI is`K &Oj nhIN sI Aqy nw hI au~Qy rwSn vZYrw sI, ies kr ky auh iklHy coN inkl ky hyTW mYdwnI ielwky ivc Aw gey[ dohW iDrW ivc bVI zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ is`K vDIAw Asly dI AxhoNd qy igxqI ivc QoVHy hox dy bwvjUd ft ky lVy Aqy iek vwr qW Sms ^wn nUM hwr swhmxy nzr AweI[ pr QoVHI dyr ivc hI Sms ^wn dw cwcw bwiezId ^wn (kuqbdIn ^ySgI), sUbydwr jMmU, vI au~Qy phuMc igAw[ ksUr dw pTwn &Ojdwr aumr ^wn vI Acwxk auDr Aw inkilAw[ ienHW ny iklHy Aqy Sihr nUM swry pwsy qoN Gyrw pw ilAw[ is`KW ny ienHW iqMnW &OjW dw keI idn qk mukwblw kIqw pr Asly dI Gwt Aqy Kwx dw swmwn mu`k jwx kwrn aunHW nUM iklHw ^wlI kr ky dOVnw ipAw[ muZl &Oj dw Gyrw cIr ky inkldy bhuq swry is`K ShId ho gey[ isr& QoVHy ijhy hI bc ky inkl sky[

ies ij`q mgroN swrIAW muZl qy pTwn &OjW dy hOsly bulMd ho gey Aqy auh srhMd v`l cl pey qW jo aus nUM is`KW qoN Awzwd krvwieAw jw sky[ rwhoN qoN Sms ^wn ny mwCIvwVw dy p`qx qoN sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw qy ie`QoN dI iklHw-numw p`kI srW ivc pihlw pVwA kIqw[^lvi rwhoN ’qy Sms ^wn dI &Oj dy kbzy dI ^br bwdSwh nUM 15 AkqUbr 1710 dy idn imlI sI pr ies ieqlwh ivc Sms ^wn dI is`KW nwl rwhoN dI bjwie mwCIvwVw ivc lVweI d`sI hoeI sI qy mrn vwly is`KW dI igxqI do hzwr khI geI sI[ ies qoN kuJ icr mgroN is`KW ny Pyr rwhoN ’qy kbzw kr ilAw

bwdSwhI &OjW ’qy is`KW ivckwr qrwvVI ivc lVweI

rwhoN dy iklHy ’qy SwhI &Oj dw kbzw, is`KW dy i^lw& muZlW dI BwvyN pihlI ij`q sI; pr bwdSwh dI AwpxI ByjI &Oj dw pihly AYkSn qrwvVI nyVy, qkrIbn aunHIN idnIN hI (16-17 AkqUbr 1710), hoey sn[ bhwdr Swh dI ByjI 60 hzwr &Oj iv`coN i&roz ^wn myvwqI dI AgvweI hyT AweI &Oj ivcoN jrnYl mhwbq ^wn ny is`KW ’qy pihlw hmlw kurUkSyqr nyVy (krnwl qoN 24 iklomItr dUr) ipMf AmIn dI jUh ivc kIqw sI[ is`K jrnYl ibnod isMG kol ies vyly bhuq QoVHIAW &OjW qy mwmUlI ijhw Aslw sI pr iPr vI aunHW ny zbrdsq t`kr id`qI[ mhwbq ^wn is`KW dy h`ly qoN fr ky ip`Cy ht igAw[^lvii ies hwr mgroN i&roz ^wn myvwqI gu`sw Kw ky Awp A`gy viDAw Aqy swrIAW &OjW ƒ iek dm h`lw bolx vwsqy ikhw[ ies mgroN Gmswx dI jMg hoeI[ pr do-cwr hzwr is`K &OjI, 60 hzwr muZl &OjW A`gy, bhuqI dyr qk itk nw sky[ ies mOky ’qy sYNkVy is`K ShId ho gey[ i&roz ^wn myvwqI ny ShId hoey 300 is`KW dy isr ktvw ky bwdSwh nUM Byjy[ ies mgroN joS ivc Aw ky myvwqI ny is`KW ’qy do hor hmly kIqy[ qrwvVI Aqy

Qwnysr ivc 19 AkqUbr nUM dohW iDrW ivc ^Ub jMg hoeI[ dohW lVweIAW ivc is`K hwr gey[ Qwnysr coN hwr ky is`K sFOry vl cly gey, ij`QoN auh CyqI hI lohgVH vl kUc kr gey[ ies dOrwn is`KW nUM Swhbwd ivc vI hwr ho cukI sI[ ies ‘qy ^uS ho ky bwdSwh ny 20 AkqUbr nUM myvwqI nUM

^Ub eInwm id`qy[ myvwqI nUM iek l`K rupY nkd Aqy nwl hI (zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn nUM htw ky) srhMd dI &OjdwrI vI b^SI geI[^lviii

is`KW h`QoN srhMd dw Kus jwxw

jd bwiezId ^wn nUM isKW dI AmIngVH ivc hwr dI ^br imlI qW auh &Oj lY ky srhMd vl cl cukw sI[ aus nwl aus dw BqIjw Sms ^wn vI sI[ auh kuJ idn pihloN hI is`KW nUM rwhoN ivc hrw ky Awey sn[ ies kr ky auh qkVy hOsly Aqy au~cIAW hvwvW ivc sn[ auh 2 nvMbr 1710 dy idn srhMd kol pu`j gey[ ies vyly srhMd ivc bhuq QoVHI ijhI hI isK &Oj sI[ sUbydwr BweI bwz isMG vI ies vyly srhMd ivc nhIN sI[ is`KW ny Awpxy Awp nUM iklHy dy AMdr bMd kr ilAw[ A^Ir jd aunHW kol rwSn mu`k igAw qW auh 20 nvMbr dI rwq nUM rwSn lYx vwsqy iklHy ivcoN bwhr inkly[ muZl &OjW ny aunHW ’qy zbrdsq hmlw kr id`qw[ BweI su`Kw isMG bMgySrI qy

Swm isMG dI AgvweI ivc is`K POjW ny Sms ^wn qy bwiezId ^wn dI &Oj nwl XwkUb ^wn dy bwZ ivc qy ies dy bwhr ^Ub lohw ilAw[ pr QoVHI igxqI Aqy bhuq Gt Aslw hox kwrn is`K bhuqI dyr nw itk sky[ ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry is`K ShId ho gey[ is`K Awpxy jrnYl BweI su`Kw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN ip`Cy ht ky srhMd dy iklyH ivc jw vVy[ (BweI su`Kw isMG qy ienHW hor

ShIdW dI Xwd ivc ShId gMj gurduAwrw, lVweI vwlI QW ’qy, gurduAwrw &qihgVH swihb dy nyVy, bixAw hoieAw hY)[

pr is`K bhuqI dyr iklHw vI kwbU ivc nw rK sky Aqy 24 nvMbr dI rwq nUM hnyry ivc Gyrw qoVdy hoey KrV vl nUM B`j gey[ aunHW dw ip`Cw srhMd v`l Aw rhI muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI &Oj ny kIqw[ buVYl (hux cMfIgVH dw ih`sw) dy iklyH ’qy kbzw krn dI koiSS ivc is`KW qy muglW ivc KUb t`kr hoeI[ pr, ies t`kr ivc iek hzwr qoN v`D mugl mwry gey qy mYdwn is`KW dy h`Q irhw[

Sms ^wn ny srhMd ’qy kbzy mgroN is`KW qoN lu`ty mwl iv`coN cwr inSwn (emblem), iek inSwn swihb, cwr qIr, do nyzy Aqy is`KW dy isrW dy cwr g`fy 25 nvMbr nUM bwdSwh nUM Byjy[ bwdSwh ny ^uS ho ky Sms ^wn nUM iK`lq ByjI[ Sms ^wn v`loN srhMd ’qy kbzw krn dI muhMmd

AmIn ^wn nUM bVI qklI& hoeI[ drAsl ieh ishrw auh Awp hwisl krnw cwhuMdw sI[ ies g`l kwrn muhMmd AmIn ^wn Sms ^wn nwl eIrKw krn lg ipAw qy aus dw sdw vwsqy mu^wil& bx igAw[

SwhI &Oj dw sFOrw dy iklHy nUM Gyrw

srhMd ’qy kbzy mgroN hux isr& sFOrw qy lohgVH hI is`KW kol rih gey sn[ i&roz ^wn myvwqI qy rusqm idl ^wn dIAW &OjW ny sFOrw GyirAw hoieAw sI[ bwdSwh ny &OjW nUM hukm id`qw sI ik auh iklHy qoN kuJ dUr, iklHy qoN kuJ au~cw iek mInwr bxwaux qW jo au~QoN iklHy ’qy qIrW dw

mINh vrHwieAw jw sky (ies mInwr dIAW inSwnIAW A`j vI mOjUd hn)[ 24 nvMbr dy idn sFOry dy iklHy dy bwhr is`KW Aqy rusqm idl ^wn qy i&roz ^wn myvwqI ivckwr zbrdsq jMg hoeI[

Agly idn hor is`K &OjW vI au~Qy Aw phuMcIAW ijs nwl hor vI BKvIN jMg hoeI [ ies lVweI ivc cwr sO is`K ShId hoey[ AwpxI jwn nUM ^qry ivc pw ky lVn dy eInwm vjoN bwdSwh ny rusqm idl ^wn nUM iek ^ws Fwl qy qlvwr Aqy i&roz ^wn myvwqI nUM iek qlvwr Byt kIqI[ bwdSwh ny rusqm idl ^wn nUM ‘ZwzI ^wn rusqim jMg’ dw i^qwb vI id`qw qy aus dw mnsb vI cwr hzwrI iqMn hzwr svwr kr id`qw[

bwdSwh dw sFOrw qy lohgVH v`l kUc

BwvyN bhwdr Swh ny AgwaUN iek l`K qoN vD &Oj bMdw isMG dy i^lw& Byj idqI sI pr auh ^ud vI bwkI &Oj lY ky pMjwb vl Aw irhw sI[ 12 AkqUbr ƒ SwhI &Oj sonIpq, 20 AkqUbr ƒ ‘srwie kMvr’, 23 AkqUbr ƒ sMBwlkw, 28 AkqUbr ƒ GrONfw qy 30 AkqUbr ƒ krnwl pu`j cukI sI[ pihlI nvMbr ƒ bwdSwh nUM AzImwbwd-qrwvVI, Qwnysr Aqy srhMd dy nkSy pyS kIqy gey[^lix 10 nvMbr dy idn bwdSwh nUM &Oj ivc GoVsvwr &OjIAW dI dI igxqI bwry d`isAw igAw: v`fy Sihzwdy kol 31 hzwr, bwkI iqMnW SihzwidAW kol 15-15 hzwr, muneIm ^wn kol 11 hwr Aqy mhwbq ^wn ko 7 hzwr sn, Aqy ies qoN ielwvw bwkI mnsbdwrW Aqy ihMdU rwijAW

(Cqrswl buMdylw Aqy auidq isMh buMdylw Awid) dIAW &OjW vI nwl sn[^lx ies mgroN bwdSwh sFOrw vl cl ipAw sI[^lxi

bwdSwh 24 nvMbr dy idn sFOry dy nyVy phuMc igAw sI[ ies mOky ’qy muhMmd AmIn ^wn Aqy Sms ^wn dy Byjy srhMd ivc ShId hoey 300 is`KW dy isr bwdSwh nUM pyS kIqy gey qy eInwm hwisl kIqy gey[^lxii

bwdSwh dI &Oj pwnIpq qoN cl ky Qwnysr pu`jI Aqy ie`QoN Swhbwd qy brwVw huMdI hoeI sFOrw dy mOjy ivc rukI[ ie`Qy pu`j ky bwdSwh ny mCrOlI ipMf (qihsIl iblwspur) ivc pVwA kIqw[ eyQy aus ny rusqm idl ^wn Aqy r&I-aus-Swn nUM lohgVH dI morcwbMdI dw pqw lwaux vwsqy hukm kIqw[

mCrOlI ivc bwdSwh nUM ieqlwh imlI ik is`KW lVweIAW dOrwn SwhI &Oj dy jvwn bVI v`fI igxqI ivc mwry jw cuky hn[ ies ’qy bwdSwh fr igAw Aqy aus ny hukm jwrI kr id`qw ik koeI ihMdU aus dy nyVy nw Awaux id`qw jwvy[ hor qW hor, auh aunHW ihMdU rwijAW Aqy jrnYlW qoN vI frn lg ipAw, ijhVy ik sdw aus dy v&wdwr rhy sn Aqy lohgVH ’qy hmly ivc aus dw swQ dy rhy sn[ aus ny aunHW dy vI Awpxy Kymy ivc vVn ’qy pwbMdI lw id`qI[ isr& ihMdU rwjy qy jrnYl hI nhIN auh Awpxy v&wdwr ispwhIAW qoN vI frn lg ipAw[ muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk bMdw isMG kol iek Aqy fyF l`K dy ivckwr &Oj sI[ auDr muZl &Oj dI igxqI vI eynI kU _sI[lxiii

auh Awpxw fyrw (kYNp) lohgVH qoN 12 koh dUr (qkrIbn 38 iklomItr) dUr, dirAw jmnw dy kMFy, kwiempurw ipMf dy nyVy lY igAw[

lohgVH iklHy ’qy hmlw

bhuqy ieiqhwskwrW ny iliKAw hY muZl &Oj ny sFOrw ij`qx mgroN lohgVH ’qy 30 nvMbr 1710 dy idn hmlw kIqw Aqy Agly idn pihlI dsMbr nUM kbzw kr ilAw[ bMdw isMG bhwdr Awpxy bcy Kucy kuJ kU swQIAW sxy nwhn dIAW phwVIAW ivcoN inkl igAw[ lohgVH iklHw ’qy kbzw krn dI khwxI sbMDI, qkrIbn iehI jW ies nwl imldw-juldw vyrvw bhuqy ieiqhwskwrW dIAW ilKqW ivc imldw hY[ swry ieiqhwskwrW ny drAsl aunHW muslmwn ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW nUM ADwr bxwieAw sI ijhVy ik dwAvw krdy sn ik aunHw ny ieh swrI lVweI Awpxy A`KIN dyKI sI (^ws kr ky kwmvr ^wn, ^w&I ^wn) Aqy ienHW hI musilm soimAW dy ADwr ’qy ilKx dw dwAvw krn vwly AMgryz ilKwrI ierivn dI ikqwb lytr muZlz muqwibk:

29 nvMbr buDvwr dy idn bwdSwh, lohgVH iklHy qoN kuJ &rlWg dUr, som ndI dy kMFy ’qy, ipMf kmpo dI h`d ivc pu`j igAw[ hwlwq vyK ky aus ny hukm idqw ik KwnKwnw Aqy mhwbq ^wn

Agly idn is`KW dy phwVW ’qy bxy moricAW dw jwiezw lYx[ iehI hukm r&Iau~Swn Sihzwdw ƒ vI idqw igAw[ 30 nvMbr ƒ swrw jwiezw lY ky muZl &OjW ny lohgVH ƒ ieM\ Gyrw pwieAw:

r&Iau~Swn prbq-p`ly qoN iek iklomItr htvyN, bMdw isMG dy fyry vl ByijAw igAw[ aus dy nwl b^SI-aul-mulk zuli&kwr ^wn dI ifaUtI lweI geI[

^wn^wnw Aqy b^SI mhwbq ^wn qy ^wn zmwn bhwdr (iqMny ipE-pu`qr) aus ielwky dy jwxUAW ip`Cy lg ky prbq dI Fwky (kmr) dwiKl hoey[

ihMdU rwjw Cqrswl buMdylw qy ieslwm ^wn ‘mIr AwiqS’ ^wn^wnw dI muhrYlI &Oj bx ky AgWh vDy[

hmId-aud-dIn ^wn, AzImu`Swn Swh bhwdr dy swQI qy jhwn Swh bhwdur dy cwkr, au~pr izkr kIqy iqMnW dlW dI mdd vwsqy, mgr-mgr tury[^lxiv

lohgVH ivc ies vyly nw qW bhuqI is`K &Oj sI, nw Aslw qy nw rwSn[ isr& iqMn qopW sn qy cOQI qop iemlI dw qnw Kod ky bxweI hoeI sI[ pr ienHw qopW vwsqy vI bwrUd bhuq QoVHw sI [ muslmwn ilKwrI kwmvr ilKdw hY ik:

“pihr idn ciVHAw sI[ ^wn^wnw (muneIm ^wn) ny 5 hzwr swQIAW sxy is`KW dy phwV dI isKr ‘qy bxy moricAW au~qy hmlw kIqw[ qop-qu&Mg dw bVw krwrw jMg hoieAw[ ^wn^wnw lohgVH dI kot-KwlI qk phuMc igAw[ duv`lI pUry qwx-mwx nwl ju`D m`icAw[ ijMdW lYx-dyx dw vpwr ^Ub grm ho m`icAw[”

ies hwlq nUM vyK ky muZl qy pTwx &OjI bVy fry hoey sn[ ierivn ilKdw hY ik, “bMdw isMG bwry A&vwhW qoN muZl &OjI bVy fry hoey sn[ aunHW nUM fr sI ik bMdw jwdU jwxdw hY[ auh Aijhw jwdU jwxdw hY ijs nwl auh duSmx dy nyizAW Aqy qlvwrW dy vwrW nUM byAsr kr skdw hY[ aunHW ny ieh vI sux r`iKAw sI ik bMdy ny is`KW nUM ‘vr’ id`qw hoieAw hY ik jy aunHW ivcoN koeI jMg ivc

mr igAw qW auh dobwrw jnm lY ky v`fy Ahudy ‘qy Awvygw[ ienHW A&vwhW kwrn bwdSwh Aqy v`fy jrnYl bVy prySwn Aqy byidl ijhy ho gey sn[” ^lxv

SurU-SurU ivc is`KW qy SwhI &OjW ivc CotI-motI jMg cldI rhI[ ijhVw is`K vI iklHy ‘coN

bwhr inkldw sI auh muZl &OjW nwl iBV ky, cMgI j`dojihd mgroN, mwirAw jWdw sI[ bhuq swry muZl &OjI vI mr rhy sn[^lxvi

^wn^wnw ƒ fitAw vyK ky Sihzwdw r&I-aud-Swh Aqy rusqm idl ^wn ny vI lohgVH vl Dwvw bol idqw[ aunHW ny ieh ies vwsqy kIqw qW ik ikqy ^wn^wnw ij`q dw ishrw nw lY jwvy[ ^wn^wnw Aqy aus dI rIs krn vwilAW dI ieh hrkq bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dy hukm dI AdUlI sI ikauN ik aus ny hdwieq id`qI hoeI sI ik koeI vI iklyH vl nw vDy Aqy is`KW ƒ Qkw ky, aunHW dw rwSn Aqy Aslw mukwaux mgroN hI, aunHW nUM kwbU kIqw jwvy[ hux jdoN ieh bwdSwh dI hukm-AdUlI kr ky A`gy vDy hI sn qW aunHW kol ieko hI cwrw sI ik jW qW auh iklHw ij`q lYx qy jW mwry jwx ikauNik hwr ky muVn dw mqlb bwdSwh qoN hukm-AdUlI Aqy imSn PylH hox dI szw

hwisl krnw sI [

au~Dr is`K, Aslw QoVHw hox kr ky, iek-iek kr ky goly su`t rhy sn[ muZl &OjW dy

jrnYlW ny ies qoN AMdwzw lw ilAw sI ik is`KW kol bwrUd QoVHw hY[ auhI g`l hoeI[ Swm qoN

pihlW hI is`KW dw bwrUd mu`k igAw[ hux auh moricAW ivcoN inkly Aqy aunHW ny muZl &OjW ’qy qlvwrW nwl hmlw kr id`qw[ ieM\ bhuq swry is`K ShId ho gey[ ies vyly bMdw isMG lohgVH iklHy qoN au~pr, nwl vwlI phwVI ’qy bxy iek hor iklHy isqwrgVH ivc, bYTw sI[ SwhI &Oj lohgVH nUM GyrI bYTI sI qy iksy vyly vI ies ’qy kbzw kr skdI sI[ is`KW ƒ hux Aihsws ho igAw sI aunHW dw Blw iklyH ’coN inkl jwx ivc hI hY[ rwq vyly aunHW ny bhuq swrw bwrUd Br ky iemlI dI gylI nwl bxweI bUMdk clweI ijs nwl DrqI kMb geI[ ies Dmwky nwl swry SwhI &OjI fr ky luk

gey[ is`KW ny ies dw &wiedw auTwieAw Aqy iklHy iv`coN inkl ky phwVW vl cly gey[ ienHW ivc hI bMdw isMG vI sI[ ies lVweI ivc 1500 is`K qy aunHW dy do isrdwr mwry gey sn[ ^lxvii

AglI svyr (pihlI dsMbr 1710) cVHidAW hI rwjy au~idq isMh buMdylw Aqy rusqm idl ^wn bhwdr ny iek v`fw h`lw kIqw Aqy iklyH dy AMdr dw^l ho ky ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ gulwb isMG b^SI, ijs ny bMdw isMG dI poSwk pweI hoeI sI, qy isr& qIh hor is`K hI aunHW dy h`Q lgy[

pr, muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik “Agly idn slqnq dy qwj dy v`fy moqI (Sihzwdy) r&IAauSwn qy vzIr-aul-mumwilk ^wn^wnW (munwiem ^wn) nUM hukm hoieAw ik auh jw ky iklHy nUM Gyrw pw lYx[ so, aunHw ny hukm muqwibk, kwibl &OjW nUM qrqIb dy ky aus &rybI dy iklHy nUM jw GyirAw[ auh kptI AwpxI gVHI dy burj, cwr dIvwrI, it`ly Aqy drvwizAW nUM, ijhVy gVHI dy cwr-cu&yry sn, nUM mzbUq krn ivc ru`J igAw[ au~cy ^wndwn vwly Sihzwdy Aqy ^wn^wnW hr iek iemwrq dI morcwbMdI nUM mzbUq kr ky jMg krn vwsqy iqAwr-br-iqAwr ho gey[ aunHw ny qopW, rihkly qy rwkt clwauxy surU kr id`qy[ r`bI mdd sdkw sb`b nwl v`f-prqwpI Sihzwdy v`loN iek rwkt aus jugqI (bMdw isMG) dy bwrUd^wny dy Fyr ivc jw if`gw Aqy aus nUM A`g lg geI[ aus bdb^q dy bySumwr AwdmI iek iCx ivc jhMnum ivc jw pu`jy[ ijhVy morcy bhuq swrIAW l`kVW nwl bxwey sn auh swry dy swry sV gey[ ijs vyly A`g buJ geI, au~cI kul vwly Sihzwdy ny aus lwAnqI dy iklHy dI incwx ivc pYr jmw ley[ pr aus groh v`loN koeI Awvwz nhIN Aw rhI sI[ aus iklHy ivc iek hzwr qoN vD jvwn nhIN sn[ ikauN ik jMg dI dihSq dohW iDrW ’qy hwvI huMdI hY, ies vwsqy lSkr dy bhwdur A`gy nw vDdy hoey, lokW dy Sihzwdy dy hukm dI aufIk krn l`gy[ ^wn^wnW dI nyk slwh nwl Sihzwdy dI rwey vI ieho bxI ik aus (bMdw isMG) dI morcwbMdI nUM qoVnw muSikl idKweI dy irhw sI Aqy idl ivc ieh g`l vI Aw rhI sI ik auprokq gMF iek swl qoN Gt smyN ivc nhIN KulHygI[ Xwin ik ieh mslw iek swl qoN Gt smyN ivc h`l nhIN hovygw[ r`bI auqSwh ny kMm kIqw Aqy lMmy smyN dy muAwmly nUM iek iCx ivc h`l kr id`qw[ kI zrUrI hY ik AsIN kwhl krIey! &OjI vI bhuq Q`k-tu`t cuky hn[ ies vwsqy A`j ruk jwxw cwhIdw hY[ r`b ny cwihAw qW AsIN Blk nUM sUrj cVHdy swr iek iCx ivc kbzw kr lvWgy[ jy AsIN A`j hmlw krdy hW qW mumikn hY ik auyh (bMdw isMG) hor rsqy rwhIN &rwr ho jwvy qy imhnq brbwd clI jwvy[ so, hkUmq vwsqy ieho munwisb hY ik Ajy aus dy &rwr hox dy rwh nUM rokx dw ieMqzwm krnw cwhIdw hY[ jy auh kunslw jugqI ie`QoN B`j jwvy qW aus vwsqy do hI rsqy hn: pihlw br&I rwjy (nwhn) dI srh`d v`l, qy dUjw, A&Zwn (jMmU kSmIr) dI h`d v`l[ aunHW v`l ilK dyxw cwhIdw hY ik auh aus nUM AwpxIAW srh`dW v`l Awaux nw dyx Aqy ipCly rsqy bMd kr dyx[ ijs vyly cwry pwisAW dI pUrI mzbuqI ho jwvy qW hmlw kr ky iek bMdw vI ijaUNdw nhIN rihx id`qw jwxw cwhIdw qW ik ies mgroN koeI kunslw AwdmI Aijhw koJw kMm krn dw BwgI nw bxy[A`j cMgI slwh ieh hY ik iek v`fy srdwr dI AgvweI hyT munwisb &OjW nUM morcwbMdI ’qy C`f ky rwjDwnI (bwdSwhI fyrw) nUM cly jwxw cwhIdw hY[”

“pr, auprokq iklHw aunHW dy i^Awl muqwibk &qh nw hoieAw, nhIN qW kuJ nw bcdw[ jdoN ik aus BYVy vqIry vwly kw&r (bMdw isMG) dI izMdgI kuJ hor idnW vwsqy bc geI hovygI; ies vwsqy ieho ijhI slwh ikvyN s`cI huMdI[ v`f-prqwpI Sihzwdw rwjDwnI (bwdSwhI fyrw) v`l prq igAw[ bu`FI aumr dw hox dy bwvjUd ^wn^wnW vI DoKw Kw igAw[

“aus jugqI (bMdw isMG) ny do ku sO jvwn aus iklHy ivc C`fy Aqy br&I rwjy dI srh`d rwhI bwhr inkl igAw[ auh bdiksmq S^s ijhVy aus ny iklHy dI rwKI vwsqy ip`Cy C`fy sn, vI musIbq dy jwl ivc Psy rih gey[ aus idn svyry hI Sihzwdy ny pu`j ky hmlw krn dw hukm id`qw[ jWbwz jvwn iklHy dIAW kMDW nwl pOVIAW lw ky Aqy ltkdy hoey (iklHy dy) AMdr jw vVy[ pr, ijvyN aunHW ny iklHy dI mzbUqI bwry suixAw sI, aunHW nUM auh mzbUqI nzr nhIN AweI[ (bMdw isMG dy) ijnHW AwdmIAW ny qlvwrW nwl mukwblw kIqw, auh iek pl ivc kql ho gey[ ijhVy B`j gey, aunHW nUM Awm lokW ny p`Qr mwr-mwr ky pwr bulw id`qw[ auprokq iklHw qyj-pRqwp vwly

ZwzI lSkr dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw[hryk S^s dy h`Q bySumwr lu`t dw mwl l`igAw[ iek h&qy qk lSkr vwly toly bxw ky phwVI ielwky ivc dwi^l huMdy rihMdy sn aqy kw&rW dI kOm dw ijhVw AwdmI vI aunHw nUM imldw, aus nUM kql kr dyNdy sn[ auh bhuq swrw lu`t dw mwl iek`Tw kr ky Awpxy GrW nUM lY AwauNdy sn[ m^ml, bwnwq, kIm^wb, ^uqn Aqy lwhOr dy buxy hoey kpVy, lwcy, Aksr AxoKIAW cIzW, nklI, bWdI qy Zulwm qoN vW\w koeI Gr nhIN irhw sI[ susq, sKI,

A&ImI, posqI, bImwr, lUx hrwmI, inqwxy qy buzidl jW Dwrimk bMidAW, ijhVy lVweI dy mYdwn ivc nhIN gey sn, auh auprokq cIzW qoN vWJy rih gey sn[” ^lxviii

iklyH’ qy ‘kbzw’ kIqy jwx mgroN dy hwlq ƒ kwmvr ieM\ ibAwn krdw hY:“AsIN slwh kr ky iklyH dy AMdr jw vVy qy lut mwr dw qmwSw vyKx lg pey[ bwdSwhI lSkr dy mwr-Kor lu`cy A&Zwn qy bloc h`Qo-pweI kr ky znwnIAW qy b`icAW ƒ PV-PV ky leI jw rhy sn qy mwl Asbwb lu`t rhy sn[ ienHW gwrqkwrW h`QoN bwrUdKwny ’c A`g jw peI ijs nwl bySumwr lok mwry gey[ ienHW ivc su`cw nMd dw pu`qr qy bhuq swry muslmwn mrd-qrImqW dIAW lwSW, jo is`KW ny igR&qwr kr ky rKy hoey sn, mlby hyT d`bIAW peIAW sn [”

muZl &OjW ƒ lohgVH iklyH ivcoN pMj hwQI, iqMn qopW, 17 CotIAW qopW, s`q rihkly, iek

cMdoAw qy kuJ cWdI dIAW cobW hI h`Q AweIAW[ lohgVH dy zmINdwr kuMdn pwsoN 8 kU l`K rupY Aqy ASr&IAW vsUl hoeIAW[^lxix

pihlI dsMbr nUM lu`t dw swrw mwl m`qw bwdSwh dy Kymy ivc ilAWdw igAw[ ies lVweI ivc bhwdrI idKwaux bdly 2 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny jmdwq-aul-mulk Aqy b^SI-aul-mumwilk dI bhuq qwrI& kIqI[ ieM\ hI zorwvr ^wn, rxbwz ^wn qy Syr ^wn nUM bhwdrI idKwaux bdly iK`lqW id`qIAW geIAW[

kI lohgVH iklHy nUM iek idn ivc ij`q ilAw igAw sI? kI lohgVH dw iklHw ieM\ ij`iqAw jw skdw sI?

aupr jo izkr kIqw igAw hY auh muZlW dIAW ilKqW dy ADwr ’qy hY Aqy jw iPr A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw (jYpur dy rwjy nUM ilKIAW ic`TIAW) dy ADwr ’qy hY (Aqy ienHW ic`TIAW ivc vI jo kuJ iliKAw jWdw sI auh bwdSwh dy kYNp qoN imlI jwxkwrI dy ADwr ’qy hI huMdw sI)[ ies kr ky ieh vyrvw swrw muslmwn ilKwrIAW ny iek qW bwdSwh nUM ^uS krn vwsqy Aqy dUjw is`KW nUM kmzor swibq krn vwsqy iliKAw sI[

AsIN vyiKAw hY ik lohgVH dw iklHw 30-40 iklomItr cOVw qy 10-15 iklomItr lMmw sI[ ieh mOjUdw 80-90 ipMfW dy duAwly dy ielwky Aqy Aqy drjnW phwVIAW ivc bixAw hoieAw iklHw sI[ kI ies iklHy nUM iek-do idn ivc kbzy ivc ilAw jw skdw sI? ieh nwmumikn hY[ iek idn ivc qW vD qoN vD iek phwVI ij`qI jw skdI sI[ ie`Qy qW drjnW phwVIAW sn[ hr phwVI ’qy burj Aqy morcy bxy hoey sn[

^wn^wnw (munwiem ^wn) dI nyk slwh nwl Sihzwdy dI rwey BI ieho bxI ik aus (bMdw

isMG) dI morcwbMdI nUM qoVnw AqI muSikl idKweI dy irhw sI Aqy idl ivc ieh g`l BI Aw rhI sI ik ieh mslw iek swl qoN Gt smyN ivc h`l nhIN hovygw[^lxx

ieh dwAvw krnw ik Agly idn hmlw kr ky kuJ hI GMitAW ivc muZl &OjW ny iklHy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw hwso-hIxw jwpdw hY[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik aunHW ny isqwrgVH Aqy nwl dI iek A`D phwVI jo lohgVH iklHy dy iek ih`sy dw SurUAwqI, pr iek in`kw ijhw ih`sw sI, ’qy kbzw kIqw sI qy bwdSwh nUM ^uS krn vwsqy ieh Dumw id`qw sI ik aunHW ny lohgVH iklHy ‘qy kbzw kr ilAw hY[kwmvr ^wn, ^w&I ^wn qy muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, jo ies lVweI dy cSmdId gvwh hox dw dwAvw krdy hn, ny muZlW dI qwkq Aqy Swn dw prcwr krn, muslmwnW dy hOsly vDwaux Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& prcwr krn jW is`K nUM Cotw qy kmzor swibq krn vwsqy jW

bwdSwh nUM ^uS krn vwsqy ieh mubwlZw (AiqkQnI) qy JUT prcwirAw ho skdw hY[ hkIkq ieh hY ik ieh iklHw eynw ivSwl (cOVyrw qy lMmyrw) Aqy AOKIAW phwVIAW ivc bixAw hoieAw sI ik ies nUM cwr-pMj swl ivc vI pUrI qrHW ij`iqAw nhIN sI jw skdw[

lohgVH ’qy kbzy dI JUTI ^br

hkIkq ieh hY ik sFOry qoN lohgVH phuMcx vwsqy bVw AOKw morcw sI[ ies rsqy ivc qkrIbn 52 ipMf sn qy ienHW swirAW ipMfW ivc hI gVHIAW bxIAW hoeIAW sn[ ienHW gVHIAW ivc burj Aqy p`ky morcy kwiem sn[ dUjy l&zW ivc lohgVH pu`jx qoN pihlW muZl &Oj nUM 52 lVweIAW lVnIAW pYxIAW sn[

auDr bMdw isMG nUM pqw lg cukw sI ik bwdSwh ny bhuq v`fI &Oj nwl ielwky nUM Gyrw pwieAw hoieAw hY[ hwlW ik phwVW vwlw pwsw bMdw isMG vwsqy pUrI qrHW mih&Uz sI Aqy ieMj hI klysr dw jMgl vI ieh vDIAw if&YNs sI[15-16 phwVW dIAW eynIAW prqW Aqy cotIAW nUM muZl &OjW hrigz ij`q nhIN skdIAW sn[ bMdw isMG ny mihsUs kIqw ik ies hwlq ivc lVweIAW krnw &wiedymMd nhIN ho skygw[ ienHW lVweIAW nwl muZlW dw qW nukswn hovygw hI pr nwl is`KW dw vI bhuq nukswn hovygw[ auh ies mOky ’qy jMg kr ky qwkq guAwauxw nhIN sI cwhuMdw[ auDr aus nUM pqw lg cukw hovygw ik bwdSwh aus qoN firAw hoieAw hY[ ies kr ky bMdw isMG ny lMmI lVweI lVn dI bjwie iek pwsy qW muZl &OjW nUM aulJwauxw id`qw qy dUjy pwsy pMjwb Aqy jMmU vwl cwly pw ky muZl &OjW dw iDAwn auDr vMfx dI qrkIb GVI[ ies leI auh iklHy ivcoN inkl ky auprly phwVW v`l inkl igAw sI[

bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwx dI ^br imlxw

hux ijs ij`q nUM muZl lohgVH dI ij`q kihMdy hn, auh drAsl ipMf lohgVH dI iek phwVI

Aqy isqwrgVH nW dI iek phwVI ’qy kbzw krn dI Gtnw sI[ muZlW ny ies nUM hI lohgVH iklHy nUM ij`q lYx dw kwrnwmy vjoN AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ ieh in`kI ijhI lVweI 30 nvMbr dI lVweI sI[

muZl jrnYlW ny do phwVIAW au~qy kbzw krn nUM lohgVH iklHw ij`qxw AYlwn kr ky bwdSwh nUM ^uS krn dI koiSS kIqI[ pr, bhwdr Swh ƒ Ajy qk ieh nhIN sI d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG phwVIAW dy rsqy inkl ky bc ky clw igAw hY

^w&I ^wn muqwibk, jdoN bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwx dI ^br bhwdr Swh ƒ imlI qW auh bVw g`usy ivc AwieAw Aqy aus ny ikhw “AYny ku`iqAW dy Gyry ’coN ig`dV bc ky inkl igAw?” bwdSwh dy ies gu`sy dw ieSwrw ^wn^wnW (munwiem ^wn) vl sI ikauN ik aus ny hI bwdSwh dy hukm dI prvwh kIqy ibnW, AwpxI mrzI nwl, h`lw bol idqw sI[ ieh sux ky

^wn^wnw inmoJUxw ho ky drbwr ’coN auT AwieAw (^wn^wnw ny ieh g`l idl nUM lw leI qy auh bImwr pY igAw[ bwdSwh dy kw&ly dy nwl clidAW hI, FweI mhIny ip`CoN, auh sFOry nyVy ipMf bFOlI ivc mr igAw[ ies ^wn ^wnW nUM muZlIAW slqnq dw ayus vyly dw sB qoN v`fw mnsb s`q hzwr zwq qy s`q hzwr svwr, ijs iv`coN pMj hzwr do-Aspw sI, imilAw hoieAw sI[ ^wn ^wnW hux qk Awpxy kwrnwimAW kwrn iek kroV rupY dy krIb eInwm hwisl kr cukw sI)[ bMdw isMG dy bc inklx dy A&sos vjoN bwdSwh ny Fol, ngwry qy nwc-gwxw bMd krvw id`qy Aqyy auh

A&sos-zdw ho ky bYT igAw[ bMdw isMG dy iklHy iv`coN bc ky inkl qy gulwb isMG dy PVy jwx bwry ^w&I ^wn ilKdw hY ik “bwz auf igAw sI Aqy au~lU PiVAw igAw sI[“^lxxi

pr, muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI (Ahvwl-aul-KvwkIn) muqwibk v`fy Sihzwdy Aqy ^wn^wnW ny iklHy nUM ij`qx mgroN iek dm bwdSwh nUM hrkwry rwhIN dr^wsq ByjI, ijs nUM pVH ky bwdSwh bhuq ^uS-bwS hoieAw Aqy r`b dy Sukrwny vjoN sjdy kIqy[ pr nwl hI bMdw isMG dy &rwr hox kr ky aus dw mn socW ivc fu`b igAw[ bwdSwh ny pu`iCAw ik auh ikhVy pwisEN bwhr inkl igAw? mgroN Sihzwdw Aqy ^wn^wnW Aw gey qy aunHW ny bMdw isMG dI &rwrI dw hwl vyrvy nwl suxwieAw*

qy d`isAw ik auh br&I rwjw (nwhn dw rwj) dy ielwky v`l inkl igAw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny hukm kIqw ik br&I rwjw nUM ibnw iksy dyrI qoN hwzr kIqw jwvy[ muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk, bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwx ’qy bwdSwh munwiem ^wn ^wn^wnW nwl gu`sy nhIN hoieAw sI, pr, ^w&I ^wn muqwibk bhuq hI g`sy hoieAw sI qy aus nUM ‘ku`qy’ nwl qSbIh id`qI sI[ Swied muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI munwiem ^wn nwl hmdrdI rKdw sI, auh munwiem ^wn dy

pu`qr mhwbq ^wn nUM aus v`loN AmIngVH dI lVweI ivc is`KW koloN hwr Kwx kr ky, BMfdw hY:

“mukwbly dI Jwl nw Jldw hoieAw kykVy vW| mUMh Bvw igAw”.^lxxii

3 dsMbr 1710 dy idn bwdSwh ny drbwr lwieAw Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& lVweI ivc rol Adw krn vwilAW nUM eInwm id`qy: jmdwq-aul-mulk Aqy b^SI-aul-mumwilk nUM iK`lq qy dsqwr, hmId-aud-^wn nUM kpVy dy cwr Qwn dI iK`lq, b^SI-aul-mulk, mhwbq ^wn Aqy

ieslwm ^wn bhwdr nUM spYSl iK`lq qy rwjw auidq isMh nUM vI vDIAw iK`lq id`qI geI[ rwjw Cqr swl nUM ijgHw klgI qy cUVwmxI j`t^lxxiii nUM hwQI b^iSAw igAw[ hwimd ^wn nUM joVw-jwmw Byt kIqw igAw[^lxxiv

ies dy nwl hI bwdSwh ny igAwn cMd (rwjw kmwXUM), &qih Swh (rwjw gVHvwl) qy BUp prkwS aur& ‘rwjw br&I’ (rwjw nwhn) dy nW &urmwn Byjy ik “bMdw fwbr (lohgVH) qoN hrn ho igAw hY[ jy quhwfy bMny AMdr phuMcy qW aus ƒ igR&qwr kr ky hzUir Byj idE[” bwdSwh ny hwimd ^wn ƒ bMdw isMG dI Koj ivc Byj idqw Aqy ikhw ik auh nw PiVAw jw sky qW nwhnIey rwjy BUp prkwS ƒ PV ky lY Awaux (ikauNik bMdw isMG aus dy ielwky ivc igAw sI)[ bwdSwh ny

ieh vI hukm id`qw ik nwhnIey rwjy ƒ igR&qwr kr ky ipMjry ivc pw ky id`lI iljwieAw jwey[ ieh auhI ipMjrw sI ijs ivc bMdw isMG ƒ pw ky ilAwaux vwsqy au~Qy ilAWdw igAw sI[^lxxv

6 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik SwhI &Oj dy ihMdU A&srW ivcoN koeI vI nw qW ZulwmW nUM qy nw AOrqW nUM ^rId skdw hY qy nw hI bwZIAW dy mwl dI lu`t-mwr kr skdw hY (ieh

h`k isr& muslmwnW nUM hI hwisl sI)[ bwdSwh	ny ie`QoN qk ikhw ik jy iksy	ihMdU A&sr ny
koeI Zulwm jW AOrq PVI hovy qW aus nUM C`f dyvy[	ie`Qy ieh g`l kwbly-izkr hY	ik bhwdr Swh

dI mdd krn vwilAW iv`coN bhuqy lok ihMdU rwjy qy cODrI sn pr aunHW nwl vI bhwdr Swh dw slUk ieho ijhw sI[^lxxvi

6 dsMbr nUM hI bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik lohgVH iklHy ivcoN is`KW dw d`ibAw ^zwnw iml igAw hY qy ies iv`c pMj l`K rupY Aqy cONqI sO ASr&IAW Swiml hn[”^lxxvii

is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw hukm jwrI krnw

10 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny b^SI-aul-mumwilk mhwbq ^wn nUM hukm jwrI kIqw ik aus (bwdSwh) dy nW ’qy Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) dy Awly-duAwly dy &OjdwrW nUM &urmwn jwrI kry ik “ij`Qy vI koeI nwnk-pRsq (is`K) nzr Awvy aus nUM kql kr id`qw jwvy[” (mgroN 26 mwrc

1711 nUM bwdSwh ny ieh hukm vI jwrI kIqw ik is`KW nUM ‘is`K’ nhIN blik ‘is`K-cor’ iliKAw jwieAw kry)[^lxxviii

rwjw nwhn dI igR&qwrI

3 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny rusqm idl ^wn nUM hukm jwrI kIqw sI ik nwhnIey rwjy BUp prkwS ƒ PV ky ilAWdw jwvy Aqy myry hzUr pyS kIqw jwvy[ aus ny hwmd ^wn nUM nwhn Byj ky rwjy nUM ilAwaux vwsqy Byj id`qw[ hwimd ^wn ny rwjw BUp pRkwS nUM bwdSwh dw pYZwm id`qw[ aus ny aus nUM ieh vI ikhw ik ieh mhwbq ^wn dw vcn hY ik aus dw kuJ vI nhIN ivgVygw[

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk 12 dsMbr nUM hwimd ^wn nwhn dy nwbwlg rwjy BUp pRkwS

ƒy lY AwieAw[ Kvwjw kuqbdIn, hrkwrw idAwnq rwE qy Emw pMfq aus nUM lY ky bwdswh dy hzUr pu`jy[ BUp prkwS ny bwdSwh nUM iek sO muhr, cwr bwz, pMj ju`ry (nr bwz, iSkwrI pMCI), nON ikqwS qy pMj sO jdvwr pyS kIqIAW[ bwdSwh ny aus nUM ies bdly joVw-jwmw Byt kIqw pr drbwr ivc rihx dw hukm vI id`qw[ Agly idn aus nUM bMdw isMG nUM igR&qwr krvwaux dI Srq ’qy irhweI dI pySkS kIqI[ bwdSwh ny rwjw nwhn nUM hukm kIqw ik “kwlI kMbLI vwly (bMdw isMG) ijhVw aus dI srh`d ivc luikAw hoieAw hY, nUM l`B ky dyvy nhIN qW aus ipMjry, ijhVw aus

bdiksmq (bMdw isMG) vwsqy qjvIz hoieAw sI, nUM kbUl kry[” DMn hY r`b! auprokq ipMjrw iks vwsqy qjvIz hoieAw sI qy iks vwsqy kMm AwieAw[ qkdIr bdlI nhIN jw skdI[^lxxix

bwdSwh ny aus dI mW ƒ vI pYZwm ByijAw ik auh bMdw isMG nUM PVvw dyvy qy Awpxw p`uqr lY jwvy[ ies ’qy nwhn dy rwjy dI mW ny 35 is`K igR&qwr kr ky Byjy[ bwdSwh ny auh swry mrvw

idqy pr bMdw isMG jI igR&qwrI qk rwjw nwhn ƒ C`fx qoN nWh kr idqI[			rwjw	nwhn	BUp
pRkwS nUM	mhwbq ^wn dI kYd ivc r`iKAw igAw	sI[ 17 mwrc nUM bwdSwh	ny cyilAW (injI
ispwhIAW)	rwhIN mhwbq ^wn nUM hukm iBjvwieAw	ik BUp pRkwS nUM aus kMifAW	vwly	ipMjry	ivc

pw dyvy ijhVw gurU (bMdw isMG) vwsqy bxvwieAw igAw sI[ ies ’qy mhwbq ^wn ny Arz kIqI ik rwjw byksUr hY qy gurU (bMdw isMG) pihlW hI aus dy ielwky ivcoN jw cukw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny ikhw ik jy AsIN aus (BUp pRkwS) nUM szw nw id`qI qW swry zmINdwr (phwVI rwjy) is`K bx jwxgy[ qUM aus nUM zrUr szw dyh[ mhwbq ^wn ny iPr ikhw ik ipMjry dy AMdr iq`Ky Aqy s^q ik`l hn qy ijauN hI rwjy nUM aus ivc pwieAw igAw, auh mr jwvygw[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny ikhw ik jy auh mr jwvygw qW auh XkInn jhnu`m (nrk) ivc jweygw[ ies mgroN mhwbq ^wn ny hor Arz nhIN kIqI[ drAsl mhwbq ^wn ny rwjw nwhn nUM ies vcn nwl bwdSwh kol pyS hox vwsqy ilAWdw sI ik aus (rwjw) dw koeI nukswn nhIN hovygw[ pr, bwdSwh ny mhwbq ^wn dI g`l mMnx qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ ies hwlq ivc mhwbq ^wn ny mjbUr ho ky rwjy nUM ipMjry ivc

bMd kr id`qw[ pr ieh krn qoN pihlW aus ny ipMjry dy AMdr dy ikl tyFy kr id`qy qW jo auh BUp pRkwS nUM cuBx nw[^lxxx

pMcolI jgjIvn dws muqwibk jd rwjw BUp pRkwS qy aus dw dIvwn (vzIr) a~uQy pu`jy qW ^wn ^wnw ny aus nUM pu`iCAw ik bMdw isMG ik`Qy hY[ ies ’qy BUp pRkwS dy dIvwn ny d`isAw ik bMdw isMG aus dI irAwsq ivcoN bwhr jw cukw hY[ ies ’qy ^wn ^wnw ny ikhw ik auh JUT boldw hY Aqy aus ny dIvwn dI byiezqI kIqI Aqy aus nUM hQkVI lw ky, pYrW ivc byVIAW pw ky Aqy gly ivc lohy dw ptw pw ky, iek ipMjry ivc bMd kr id`qw[ rwjw nwhn dy vI hiQAwr luhw ky aus nUM vI iek cOkI (Cotw tYNt) ivc kYd kr idqw igAw qy aus dy duAwly &Oj dw pihrw lw id`qw igAw[

rwjw Cqrswl ny vI rwjw nwhn nUM ieh vcn id`qw sI ik aus dw kuJ nhIN ivgVygw[ mgroN,

jd rwjw Cqrswl ny vyiKAw ik bwdSwh ny nwhn dy rwjy nUM kYd krn dw hukm id`qw hY qw auh bwdSwh nUM C`f ky vwips Awpxy vqn clw igAw[^lxxxi

dIvwn iBKwrI dws muqwibk jd nwhn dy rwjy nUM ^wn^wnw ny p`uiCAw ik bMdw isMG ik`Qy hY qW aus ny ikhw ik mYnUM aus dw kuJ nhIN pqw[ myrw dIvwn, jo gurU dw is`K hY, aus nUM bMdw isMG dw pqw ho skdw hY[ ies ’qy dIvwn nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy burI qrHW ku`itAw igAw[ aus dw bcxw muSikl hY[ dUjy idn bwdSwh ny ikhw ik dIvwn dI ku`tmwr krn nwl kuJ hwisl nhIN hox

l`gw[ ies dI bjwie rwjw nwhn nUM igR&qwr kr lE qy aus nUM kho ik jy auh bMdw isMG nUM pyS nhIN krdw qW aus dI irAwsq nUM qbwh kr id`qw jweygw[^lxxxii

20 mwrc 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ny rwjw nwhn nUM ipMjry ivc hI id`lI iljwx Aqy au~Qy slImgVH^lxxxiii iklHy ivc bMd krn dw hukm jwrI kIqw[^lxxxiv bwdSwh ny hukm kIqw ik ienHW ƒ

id`lI ivc, lwl iklHy dy ip`Cy bxy hoey, slImgVH iklHy dy iklyHdwr dy hvwly krn mgroN ies dI rsId vI aus (bwdSwh) ƒ phuMcweI jwvy[ (mgroN nwhn dy rwjy ny jYpur qy joDpur dy rwijAW nUM do vwr pYZwm Byj ky AwpxI irhweI ivc mdd dI Arz kIqI[ ies ’qy aunHW auh nUM jvwb ByijAw

ik AsIN koeI mdd nhIN kr skdy qy qyrI irhweI ie`ko sUrq ivc ho skdI hY ik qUM ikvyN nw ikvyN bMdw isMG nUM igR&qwr krvw dyh)[^lxxxv

bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI dI JUTI ^br qy nwhn dy rwjy dI mW vwsqy iek l`K rupY dy gihxy bxwaux dw hukm

22 jnvrI 1711 dy idn bwdSwh sFOrw dy nyVy sI qW iek hrkwry ny aus nUM ^br id`qI ik nwhn dy rwjy BUp pRkwS dI mW ny bMdw isMG nUM kwbU kr ilAw hY Aqy auh aus nUM bwdSwh kol pyS krn vwsqy ilAw rhI hY[ auh ies vkq SwhI Kymy (kYNp) qoN 12 koh (qkrIbn 35 iklomItr) dUr hY Aqy aus ny ikhw hY ik mhwbq ^wn nUM A`gy ho ky aus nUM ilAwaux vwsqy Byj id`qw jwvy[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny cyilAW (injI syvwdwrW) nUM &urmwn dy ky mhwbq ^wn v`l Byj id`qw ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik auh bMdw isMG nUM lohy dy aus ipMjry ivc bMd kr ky lY ky Awvy ijhVw aus vwsqy aucycy qOr ’qy bxvwieAw igAw sI[ bwSwh ny ieh vI ikhw ik aus (bMdw isMG) dIAW jo do pqnIAW aus dy nwl &VIAW geIAW hn, nUM rQ ivc ibTw ky ilAWdw jwvy[ kuJ icr mgroN bwdSwh ny ^wn ^wnW nUM ikhw ik auh kuJ hor hrkwry Byj dyvy qy khy ik bMdw isMG nUM CyqI ilAWdw

jwvy[ 24 jnvrI dy idn bwdSwh ny hukm id`qw ik rwjw nwhn dI mW (ikauN ik auh ny bMdw isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ky ilAw rhI sI) vwsqy iek l`K rupY dy gihxy bxvwey jwx[^lxxxvi

muZl bwdSwh v`loN lwhOr rih ky is`KW dy i^lw& hor muihMm dw &Yslw

pihlI jnvrI 1711 nUM muhMmd AmIn ^wn is`KW dy isrW dy 6 g`fy lY ky sFOry pu`jw[ aus ny

bwdSwh kol Sms ^wn dI iSkwieq vI kIqI[ (aus nUM dr Asl Sms ^wn ’qy ies g`l dw gu`sw sI ik aus ny srhMd ’qy kbzw kr ky Awpxw nW ikauN bxw ilAw sI)[^lxxxvii

9 &rvrI 1711 nUM bwdSwh ny hmId ^wn nUM iK`lq dy ky is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy Byj id`qw[ aus nUM pMj hzwr svwrW dI &Oj vI id`qI geI[^lxxxviii 6 mwrc nUM bwdSwh nUM ZwzI ^wn dw pYZwm

imilAw ik bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW lwhOr vl Aw rhIAW hn[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny ^wn^wnw dy pu`qr b^SI-aul-mulk mhwbq ^wn nUM vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy tor id`qw[ aus dy nwl 14 hzwr

&Oj ByjI geI[ iesy idn bwdSwh ny hmId ^wn bhwdr Aqy ies&MdXwr ^wn nUM rusqm idl ^wn dI AgvweI ivc 15 hzwr &Oj dy ky tor id`qw[ iesy idn (6 mwrc nUM) hI bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw

ik is`K &OjW dI igxqI 40 hzwr dy krIb hY[ ieh vI ^br imlI ik bMdw isMG ku`lU Aqy BuMqr dy nyVy hY qy aus dy swQI phwVW qoN auqr ky ropV qk dy ielwky ivc lu`t mwr kr rhy hn[^lxxxix

is`KW dy i^lw& eynI v`fI muihMm iv`Fx dy bwvjUd, jwpdw hY ik bwdSwh nUM qs`lI nhIN sI ik ieh jrnYl is`KW ’qy kwbU pw lYxgy[ 14 mwrc nUM bwdswh ny AYlwn kIqw ik auh Awp vI lwhOr jw ky rhygw Aqy au~QoN bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm dI ingrwnI krygw[ bwdSwh ny swry pwsy hrkwirAW Aqy ^br-nvIsW nUM hdwieqW dy idqIAW ik auh bMdw isMG Aqy aus dIAW &OjW dI pl-pl dI ^br aus nUM ByijAw krn[ bwdSwh nUM hr roz do iqMn jgh qoN ^br-nvIsW dIAW ic`TIAW phuMcdIAW rihMdIAW sn ijnHW qoN aus nUM pqw lgdw rihMdw sI ik bMdw aus vyly ik`Qy hY, kI kr irhw hY Aqy aus dw Aglw AYkSn kI hY[ ijnHW ^brW Byjx vwilAW dy nW A^bwrwiq drbwir muA`lw ivc imldy hn aunHW ivc ieh vI Swiml hn: Emw pMfq, Awskr rwE, Abdul rihmwn, Abdul rhIm, Alqw& ^wn, ierwdqmMd ^wn, SMkr rwE, kySo rwE, jgjIvn dws, idAwnq rwE, pRqIq rwE, BgvqI dws vZYrw[ ieh swry lwhOr, srhMd, gujrwq, id`lI, jMmU,

Ajmyr vZYrw qoN ^brW Byjdy rihMdy sn[ jd ienHW iv`coN koeI is`KW dy mrn jW nukswn hox dI ^br Byjdw sI qW bwdSwh aus nUM koeI nw koeI eInwm vI dy dyNdw sI jW iksy rwhIN Byj dyNdw sI[ ies dy nwl hI bhwdr Swh ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc A`gy vD ky ih`sw pwaux vwilAW nUM v`fy eInwm, snmwn, mnsb Aqy jwgIrW dyxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ aus ny bhuq swry jrnYlW nUM

&OjW dy ky is`KW dy ip`Cy Byjxw SurU kr id`qw[

20 mwrc nUM bwdSwh ny ihMdU cODrIAW cUVwmnI j`t Aqy ikSn isMh nrokw nUM vI iK`lqW dy ky mhwbq ^wn dy nwl is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy tor id`qw[^xc 22 mwrc 1711 dy idn bwdSwh sFOrw qoN lwhOr vl cl ipAw[ 24 mwrc nUM bwdSwh dy drbwr ivc crcw sI ik gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) qoN Swhdrw (lwhOr ivc dw^l hox dw pVwA) qk vI is`K rwj kwiem ho cukw sI[^xci 18 ApRYl 1711 dy idn bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K sFOrw ivcoN muslmwnW dy fMgr Koh

ky lY gey hn[ kuJ dw ivcwr sI ik ieh kwrvweI bMdw isMG dy swQI vxjwirAW ny kIqI sI qy kuJ ies ivc nwhn irAwsq dy lokW dw h`Q smJdy sn[^xcii

bwdSwh v`loN ropV ivc CwvxI kwiem krn dw AYlwn

22 ApRYl dy idn jd bwdSwh sqluj dirAw vl vD irhw sI qW auys ny q^q ’qy bYTx dy pMjvyN swl ivc dwi^l hox (auh 19 jUn 1707 dy idn q^q ’qy bYTw sI) dw jSn mnwaux dw

AYlwn kIqw[ aus ny hukm kIqw ik ies vwsqy (lwhOr ivc) iek au~cw plyt&wrm auswirAw jwvy[

bwdSwh ny ieh hukm qW jwrI kr id`qw sI pr AMdroN-AMdrIN auh bhuq firAw hoieAw sI[ ikauN ik BwvyN kuMjpurw, Qwnysr, Swhbwd, srhMd, sFOrw Awid qoN is`KW dw kbzw ^qm ho cukw sI, pr bwdSwh nUM qs`lI nhIN sI[ BwvyN bwdSwh nUM ieh Brm pw id`qw igAw sI ik muZl &OOjW ny lohgVH ij`q ilAw hY, jd ik hkIkq ieh hY ik aunHW ny isr& lohgVH dI pihlI phwVI Aqy isqwrgMj ’qy hI kbzw kIqw sI[ is`K Ajy vI lohgVH ivc Aqy ies dy Awly duAwly dy jMgl Aqy ipMfW ivc mOjUd sn[ bwdSwh nUM ^brW iml rhIAW sn ik is`K sFOrw, lohgVH, srhMd vZYrw ivc GuMm rhy sn Aqy iek qW ihMdU lok aunHW nwl imlvrqn kr rhy sn Aqy muslmwn aunHW qoN fr ky rih rhy sn[

aus nUM ieh ^brW vI iml rhIAW sn ik bMdw isMG ny phwVI rwijAW qoN eIn mMnvw leI hY[ aus nUM ieh vI ^br iml cukI sI ik bMdw isMG ny jMmU dI srh`dI cOkI rwiepur Aqy bihrwmpur dI jUh ivc sulqwnpur dy &Ojdwr Sms ^wn Aqy aus dy cwcy kuqbdIn ^ySgI aur& bwiezId ^wn (&Ojdwr jMmU) nUM hrw ky mwr id`qw sI[ bwdSwh nUM pqw lg cukw sI ik bMdw isMG ny btwlw Aqy klwnOr ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw hY Aqy auh Swhdrw-lwhOr qk phuMc cukw hY qy iksy vyly vI lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr skdw hY[ ieh soc ky bwdSwh bhuq dihilAw hoieAw sI[

22 ApRYl 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ny SihzwidAW qy aumrw nUM ikhw ik AsIN ropV ivc CwvxI kwiem krWgy [ bwdSwh ny aunHW nUM ikhw ik auh swry au~Qy AwpxIAW hvylIAW bxw lYx[ aus ny ropV dw nW jhWgIrpur r`Kx dw AYlwn vI kIqw[ aus ny ikhw ik ieh iek bhuq Aihm jgHw hY qy eyQoN lwhOr Aqy Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) dw &wslw brwbr dw hY[ ies (jgh CwvxI

bxwaux) nwl phwVW nUM jwx vwlw rsqw bMd ho jwvygw[ nw qW phwVI rwjy bMdw isMG dI mdd vwsqy Aw skxgy qy nw hI phwVW vl bc ky jw skygw[^xciii

ies qoN sw& zwhr hY ik bwdSwh smJdw sI ik bMdw isMG nUM CyqI kIiqAw hrwieAw nhIN jw skdw Aqy auh bhuq v`fI qwkq hY, ijs d mukwblw bhuq lMmw smW krnw pvygw[ aus nUM XkIn sI ik lohgVH qoN bMdw isMG dw jwxw vkqI g`l hY qy ijauN hI aus nUM SwhI &OjW dy ies ielwky ivcoN dUrc cly jwx dI ^br imlygI auh vwips Aw jwvygw[ bwdSwh dI hwlq AOrMgzyb vwlI sI ijs ny d`Kx dI bZwvq qoN fridAW Awgrw qy id`lI C`f ky AOrgwbwd ivc fyry lwey hoey sn[

bMdw isMG bhwdur dI id`lI ’qy kbzy dI A&vwh

20 meI nUM bwdSwh nUM Bgvwn dws hrkwry v`loN ByjI irport imlI ijs ivc d`isAw igAw sI ik bMdw isMG bhwdur btwlw v`l muV AieAw hY qy aus vkq auh aus ngr qoN isr& 2 koh (6 iklomItr) dUr ipMf Acl (hux Acl vtwlw) ivc hY[ ieh vI ^br pu`jI ik rwm isMG nW dw iek is`K s`q hzwr &Oj nwl, jMmU dIAW phwVIAW qoN Aw ky, bMdw isMG nwl Swiml ho igAw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw jo koeI vI muslmwn jW ihMdU aus kol AwauNdw hY aus nUM nOkrI dy id`qI jWdI hY[ aus (bMdw isMG) ny ienHW swirAW nUM ikhw hY ik jy muZl &Oj auDr AweI qW aus dw mukwblw kIqw

jwvy nhIN qW l`KI jMgl Aqy Ajmyr v`loN Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) jw ky aus ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jwvy[ ies ^br nwl bwdSwh bhuq Gbrw igAw[^xciv

ies swrw kuJ qoN Gbrw ky hux bhwdr Swh ny Awp lwhOr bYT ky bMdw isMG dy i^lw& jMg lVn dw AYlwn kIqw[ bwdSwh nUM GbrwieAw vyK ky muZl ispwhI qW hor vI frn lg pey[ qkrIbn hr roz ‘bMdw Aw igAw! bMdw Aw igAw!!’ dIAW A&vwhW nwl muZl &OjIAW dy hOsly psq ho rhy sn[ hwlwq ieh sn ik bMdw isMG dw nW sux ky hI muZl &OjI fr jwieAw krdy sn qy aunHW dy m`iQAW ’qy qrylIAW Aw jwieAw krdIAW sn[

pihlI Agsq 1711 dy idn bhwdr Swh lwhOr pu`j igAw[ bwdSwh dy nwl bhuq swrI &Oj sI ies kr ky aus ny Awpxw fyrw SwhI iklHy dI bjwie ipMf Awlovwl dI jUh ivc r`iKAw[ bwdSwh dy sB qoN v`fy pu`qr AzImauSwn ny ipMf Avwn dI jUh ivc Awpxw fyrw lwieAw[ aus ny AwpxI ih&wzq vwsqy ^zwny dy g`ifAW nwl Awpxy Awly-duAwly vlgx bxw leI[ bwdSwh dy dUjy iqMnW pu`qrW coN muA`zudIn ny prvyzwbwd mMfI kol, r&I-auS-Swn ny DrmU dy bwZ kol Aqy muhMmd jhwn Swn ny SwhmIr ^uS dy mYdwn ivc Awpxy fyry jmw ley[ v`fy Sihzwdy AzImunSwh kol iek`qI hzwr Aqy dUjy iqMnW SihzwidAW nwl XwrHW-XwrHW hzwr &Oj sI[^xcv

ies vyly qk lwhOr dy muslmwn is`KW qoN fry-fry rihMdy sn[ Ajy kuJ mhIny pihlW hI is`KW dy i^lw& jhwd KVw kr ky hzwrW muslmwnW ny hYdrI JMfy hyT is`KW nwl t`kr leI sI pr auh iqMnW lVweIAW ivc hI is`KW dy h`QoN burI qrHW mwr Kw cuky sn[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc jhwd dy keI muKI AwgU vI mwry gey sn[ ies dw fr Aqy dihSq aunHW dy mnW ivcoN inklI nhIN sI[ pr hux bwdSwh dy Awaux ny, Aqy qkrIbn iek l`K &Oj dI mOjUdgI ny, aunHW ivc Pyr jwn Br id`qI[ kuJ hI idnW mgroN iek swl pihlW is`KW dy i^lw& jhwd KVHw krn qy mwr Kw ky Gr bYT jwx vwly s`Xd ienwieu`lw, Aqwaulw Aqy muhMmd qkI ny bwdSwh nUM iml ky pUrI mdd dw XkIn idvwieAw[ bwdSwh v`loN hOslw imlx mgroN ienHW ny Awm is`KW qoN AwpxI hwr Aqy byie`zqI dw bdlw lYxw SurU kr id`qw[ ies muihMm ivc bhuq swry is`K kql kr id`qy gey[ ienHW qoN ielwvw bhuq swry ihMdUAW nUM is`K &OjW dy ihmwieqI AwK ky kql kr id`qw igAw[

frU hox kr ky ihMdU cup-cwp zulm sihMdy rhy[ A^Ir iek Bly muslmwn ny bcn isMh kCvwhw qy bdn isMh buMdylw, ijhVy bwdSwh nl bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy, AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky Awey hoey sI, nUM ies dI ^br dy id`qI[ aunHW ny bwdSwh nUM AwK ky ihMdUAW dy ies musilm burCwgrdI nUM rukvwieAw, pr is`KW ’qy zulm Pyr vI jwrI rhy[

bwdSwh nUM pqw sI ik is`K kdy vI kys dwVHI dI byAdbI nhIN sn krdy qy is`KW qy ihMdUAW nUM v`Kry-v`Kry pCwxn dw ieko-iek qrIkw ieh sI ik ihMdUAW nUM ‘rofy’ kr id`qw jwvy[ ies soc nwl bwdSwh ny &urmwn jwrI kr id`qw ik “SwhI lSkr dy swry ihMdU AwpxIAW dwVHIAW muMnvw dyx qW jo aunHW nUM koeI is`K nw smJ lvy[” ies ’qy swry ihMdUAW ny AwpxIAW dwVHIAW, mu`CW qy vwl muMnw id`qy (qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI)[ pr id`lI dy &Ojdwr Xwr muhMmd ^wn klMdrI dI dsqUr-aul-ienSw (ru`kwiq AmInudOlw, ru`kw pMjvW) muqwibk ihMdUAW ny Awp dwVHIAW nhIN sn muMnvweIAW[ ieh qW bwdSwh dy hukm ’qy zbrdsqI kIqw igAw sI:

“ …SwhI hukm hoieAw ik SwhI lSkr dy swry ihMdUAW dIAW dwVHIAW k`t id`qIAW jwx Aqy swry sUibAW ivc hukm zwihr kr id`qw jwvy ik koeI bydIn (ZYr muslmwn) lMbI dwVHI nw r`Ky qy jy koeI Aijhw iml jwvy (ijs ny dwVHI r`KI hoeI hovy) qW aus dI dwVHI pu`t id`qI jwvy[ cunWic swry bwdSwhI mulkW ivc

ieh hukm nSr kr id`qw igAw[ bwdSwhI kYNp ivc ies hukm ny ieh Skl A^iqAwr kr leI ik &OjW dy idE -k`d srdwr nweIAW nUM nwl leI gMdy pwxI dIAW iclmcIAW smyq glIAW qy bwzwrW ivc ijs iksy nUM dyKdy byiezqI nwl aus dI dwVHI muMn dyNdy qy aus dI pgVI Aqy jwmy lwh dyNdy[ bwdSwh Aqy SwhzwidAW dy musq`dI Aqy dUjy ihMdU AwpxIAW dwVHIAW munw ky hI (bwdSwh qy SihzwidAW dy) hzUr

AwauNdy…”

jYpur Aqy joDpur dy rwijAW dI bwdSwh nwl sOdybwzI

1710 dIAW grmIAW ivc jd bhwdr Swh Awpxy Brw nUM hrw ky qy mwr ky muV irhw sI qW auh rwjpUq rwijAW nUM soDx dI qrkIb socdw AwieAw sI ikauN ik aunHW ny aus dy Brw dy i^wl& lVweI ivc aus dw swQ nhIN sI id`qw[ Ajy auh rwjpuqwnw dy ielwky ivc dwi^l hI hoieAw sI ik bMdw isMG dIAW ij`qW dIAW ^brW imlxIAW SurU ho geIAW, ijs nwl auh bhuq fr igAw[ bMdw isMG dIAW ij`qW ny aus nUM rwjpUqW nwl tkrw krn dI QW aunHW nwl smJOqw krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ bhwdr Swh nUM hor i&kr pY igAw jd aus nUM 28 meI 1710 dy idn disAw igAw ik

joDpur dy rwjw AjIq isMh qy jYpur dy rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM ‘gurU’ (bMdw isMG) dy ^q pu`jy hn qy aunHW ienHW ^qW dy jvwb vI ilK G`ly hn[^xcvi ies ’qy bhwdr Swh ny rwjpUq rwijAW nwl

smJOqw krn vwsqy aunHW v`l dosqwnw pYZwm Byjxy SurU kr id`qy qy aunHW qoN bMdw isMG dy i^lw& lVweI ivc mdd mMgI[

7 mwrc 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ny jYpur Aqy joDpur dy rwjpUq rwijAW (jY isMh svweI jYpur

Aqy AjIq isMh joDpur) nUM drbwr ivc bulwaux vwsqy pYZwm ByijAw sI[ aus ny mhwbq ^wn nUM ikhw ik musq`dIAW nUM rwijAW dw mwn snmwn dyx vwsqy hdwieqW dyvy[^xcvii dovyN rwjy pihlW qW

nwhn dy rwjy dy hSr qoN frdy bwdSwh kol Awauxw nhIN cwhuMdy sn[ dohW rwijAW ny 25 meI

1711 dy idn mnohrpur ivc lMmI mulwkwq kIqI Aqy bwdSwh kol jwx dw ierwdw kr hI

_ilAw[xcviii

auDr bMdw isMG audYpur dy rwjy Amr isMh nwl vI rwbqw bx irhw sI[ 13 jUn 1711 dy idn jYpur dy rwjy nUM ilKy ^q^xcix muqwibk Awgrw ivc bMdw isMG dy numwieMdy KVg isMG qy aus dy

swQIAW nUM igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI ijnHW qoN rwjw joDpur nUM ilKy ^q PVy gey sn[ ies ^q muqwibk bMdw isMG l`KI jMgl dy rsqy Ajmyr jwx dI qrkIb bxw irhw sI (ij`QoN Swied auh A`gy audYpur nUM jwxw cwhuMdw hovygw)[

ies ny bwdSwh nUM hor vI frw id`qw sI[ ies kr ky aus ny jYpur qy joDpur dy rwijAW nUM ArzW vrgy pYZwm Byjxy jwrI r`Ky[ 30 julweI 1711 dy idn bwdswh ny dohW rwijAW nUM pYZwm ByijAw ik auh lwhOr nw Awaux qy ikauNik bMdw isMG sFOrw v`l clw igAw hY qy auh aus dw ip`Cw krn[(pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 30 julweI 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 39, vkIl irport nMbr 72)[ 19 Agsq dy idn bwdSwh ny mhwbq ^wn nUM ikhw ik auh dohW rwijAW nUM hsbul hukm Byj ky sFOry jwx vwsqy khy[ (vkIl irport 75)[ rwijAW dI mMg sI ik aunHW nUM mwlvw (m`D pRdyS) Aqy gujrwq sONp id`qy jwx[ pr Sihzwdw AzIm-auS-Swn Aqy mhwbq ^wn ny sw& ikhw ik jd qk dovyN rwjy bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy sFOrw jw ky AwpxI v&wdwrI swibq nhIN krdy audoN qk auh bwdSwh koloN ieh g`l nhIN mMnvw skxgy[^c

11 sqMbr 1711 dy idn bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG v`loN jY isMG, b^q isMG, Bgvwn isMG qy kuier isMG ny iblwspur (kihlUr irAwsq) qoN rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM iek ^q ilK ky ikhw hY ik AsIN dusihry ’qy kurUkSyqr ivc muZlW nwl lVweI krn dI qrkIb bxw irhw hW[ AsIN lohgVH jw rhy hW[ hux quhwnUM cwhIdw hY ik muZlW vwsqy musIbq KVHI kr idE[ hux Drm inBwaux dw shI smW hY[ hux muZl rwj dw smW ^qm hoo cukw hY[ qusIN vI (muZlW dy i^lw& jMg ivc swfy nwl Swiml hox vwsqy) kurUkSyqr phuMco[ qusIN hMfUr (nwlwgVH), jsvwn, kihlUr

(iblwspur) qy jMmU dw rwijAW nwl rwbqw kro Aqy aunHW nUM kho ik hux KqrI Drm inBwaux dw shI smW hY[ quhwnUM muZlW dI mdd nhIN krnI cwhIdI[^ci ies ^q qoN (jo ‘&qih drSn’ nwl SurU huMdw hY, qy, A`gy iliKAw hY ik quhwfy ^q dw jvwb pihlW hI ByijAw jw cukw hY) sw& nzr AwauNdw hY ik jY isMh svweI Aqy bMdw isMG ivc ^qo-i^qwbq cl rhI sI[

bMdw isMG qy rwjpUq rwijAW ivc bx rhI ies nyVqw nUM muK rK ky muZl bwdSwh ny jYpur qy joDpur dy rwijAW nUM lwlc dy ky Brmwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ auDr rwjpUq rwijAW ny vI ies hwlq ivcoN &wiedw auTwaux dI qrkIb bxweI[ 16 sqMbr 1711 dy idn jYpur dy rwjy dy numwieMdy BMfwrI iKvsI ny muZl Sihzwdy AzIm-auS-Swn nUM iml ky ikhw ik rwjy bMdw isMG dy i^lw& AYkSn vwsqy sFOrw jwx vwsqy iqAwr hn pr ikauN ik aunHW nUM ies v`fI &Oj dy ^rcy vwsqy pYsy nhIN hn[ aunHW dw mqlb sI ik jy aunHW nUM hor jwgIr vZYrw iml jwvy qW auh bMdw isMG dy i^lw& jMg ivc Swiml hox vwsqy iqAwr hoxgy (rwijAW dI mMg sI ik aunHW nUM mwlvw Aqy gujrwq sONp id`qy jwx)[ BMfwrI iKvsI ny Sihzwdy nUM XkIn idvwieAw ik rwjy bwdSwh dy pUry v&wdwr hn[ Xwin auh Coty lwlc ip`Cy bMdw isMG nwl rl ky Awzwd hox dI bjwie muZlW dI ZulwmI krI jwx vwsqy iqAwr sn[BMfwrI iKvsI ny iek ^q ivc rwjw jYpur nUM ‘^brdwr’ kIqw sI ik jy iksy ny bwdSwh nUM iSkwieq kr id`qI ik rwijAW Aqy bMdw isMG ivc BweIvwlI cl rhI hY qW ies nwl bwdSwh dI nwrwzgI shyVnI pvygI[ ^cii

24 sqMbr nUM Sihzwdw AzIm-aus-Swn ny rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM inSwn Aqy isropwE Byjy

Aqy nwl hI ieh vI iliKAw ik ijauN hI auh sFOrw phuMcygw aus nUM d`Kx jwx dI iejwzq iml jwvygI[^ciii

A^Ir bwdSwh dw hukm mMn ky dovyN rwjy rwjy 7 AkqUbr dy idn sFOrw pu`j gey[ auDr bwdSwh dw Awpxw jrnYl muhMmd AmIn ^wn vI 5 AkqUbr nUM sqluj pwr kr ky lohgVH v`l cl ipAw[ jd bMdw isMG nUM rwjw jY isMh svweI dI ZdwrI Aqy eynIAW izAwdw &OjW dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny lV ky AwpxI qwkq guAwaux Aqy is`KW nUM mrvwaux dI QW ku`lU v`l cwly pw id`qy sn[

rwijAW dy sForw phuMcx Aqy AwpxI v&wdwrI swibq krn ’qy 23 AkqUbr dy idn bwdSwh ny rwjw AjIq isMh joDpur nUM pUrb Aqy jY isMh jYpur nUM d`Kx sONp id`qy[^civ pr bwdSwh ny rwijAW nUM ieh vI iliKAw ik auh sFOrw itky rihx ikauN ik Swied bMdw isMG iPr auDr Aw inkly[ bwdSwh ny rwijAW nUM ies sbMDI 4 nvMbr 1711 nUM iPr ^q iliKAw[^cv

5 nvMbr ƒ bwdSwh ƒ muhMmd AmIn ^wn dw ^q imilAw ijs ivc ikhw sI ik is`K rwq vyly aus dy kYNpW qy hmly krdy hn ies kr ky jlMDr doAwb dy &Ojdwr hoSdwr ^wn ƒ AwK ky hor 5 hzwr GoVsvwr &OjI aus ƒ idvw idqy jwx[ Agly hI idn bwdSwh nyy pMj hzwr &Oj qy iqMn sO bMdUkcI hoSdwr ^wn nUM dy ky aus nUM rUpV jwx vwsqy AwiKAw[ 12 nvMbr 1711 nUM srhMd dw &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn vI Awpxy iek hzwr &OjIAW nUM lY ky, muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc Swiml ho igAw[

ienHW idnW ivc hI bMdw isMG ny kuJ is`KW h`Q ^q Byj ky aunHW nUM bhwdr Swh dy i^lw& jMg ivc mdd dyx vwsqy ikhw sI[ 30 nvMbr 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ƒ ^br idqI geI ik ienHW dohW rwjpUq rwijAW ny bMdw isMG v`loN Byjy numwieMidAW ƒ ikhw sI ik auh bwdSwh dy syvwdwr hn Aqy

aus dy v&wdwr hn[ bwdSwh ny 7 dsMbr 1711 nUM rwijAW nUM iliKAw ik auh sFOrw itky rihx ikauN ik Swied bMdw isMG iPr auDr Aw inkly[^cvi dovyN rwjy kuJ idn hor sFOrw ivc itky rhy qy

A^Ir auh Awpxy vqnW nUM cl pey[

pMcolI jgjIvn dws dI ArzdwSq muqwibk 19 dsMbr 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ny rwijAW nUM iliKAw ik jd qk hoSdwr ^wn dI &Oj au~Qy phuMc nhIN jWdI audoN qk auh au~Qy itky rihx[ pr rwijAW dy vkIl BMfwrI iKvsI ny mhwbq ^wn nUM d“isAw ik Swied aus vkq qk rwjy jw cuky hoxgy[ ies ’qy Sihzwdw AzIm-auS-Swn nyy ikhw ik SwhI &urmwn qoN ibnW rwijAW dw sFOry qoN

cly jwxw bhuq mwVI g`l hY[ aunHW nUM pYZwm Byj idE ik auh dovyN Awpxy pMj-pMj sO sO jvwn hoSdwr ^wn dI mdd krn vwsqy sFOry qweInwq kr dyx[^cvii

ihMdU rwijAW v`loN is`KW dy s&IrW dw kql

ienHW idnW ivc hI bMdw isMG ny joDpur dw rwjw AjIq isMh Aqy jYpur (AMbyr) dw rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM kuJ is`KW h`Q ^q Byj ky aunHW nUM bhwdr Swh dI mdd nw krn vwsqy ikhw[ pr rwijAW nUM hux d`Kx qy gujrwq dIAW jgIrW iml rhIAW sn qy aunHW ny is`KW nwl nwqw qoV ilAw sI[ 30 nvMbr ƒ bwdSwh ƒ ^br idqI geI ik ienHW dohW Zulwm rwjpUq rwijAW ny bMdw isMG

v`loN Byjy numwieMidAW ƒ ikhw sI ik auh bwdSwh dy syvwdwr hn Aqy ies dy nwl hI aunHW rwijAW ny ienHW is`K s&IrW ƒ kql vI kr idqw sI[^cviii

ies qoN pihlW jUn ivc bMdw isMG dw iek s&Ir KVg isMG qy aus dy swQI, jo auydYpur dy rwjw Amr isMh vwsqy ^q iljw rhy sI, Awgrw ivc PiVAw jw cuky sn[ aunHW koloN bhuq swry dswwvyz hwisl hoey sn[^cix

lohgVH iklHw C`fx mgroN bMdw isMG dy AYkSn

ijvyN ik pihlW izkr kIqw hY ik lohgVH qoN inkl jwxw drAsl isMG dw iek pYNqVw sI[ aus dI plwinMg sI ik SwhI lSkr dy jvwn hMB jwx qy bwdSwh nUM bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwx dw Jorw l`gw rhy[ ies kr ky fry hoey bwdSwh nUM hOslw dyx vwsqy aus nUM JUTI ^br phuMcweI geI ik muZl &OjW ny lohgVH ’qyy kbzw kr ilAw hY[ aus ny ieh vI pYZwm phuMcw id`qw ik auh

lwhOr ’qy hmlw krn dI plwn bxw irhw hY[ aus nUM pqw sI ik ies nwl muZl &OjW lohgVH C`f ky lwhOr nUM cl pYxgIAW[

ies kr ky bMdw isMG lohgVH ivcoN inkl igAw[ auh nwhn qoN iblwspur pu`jw (mgroN mMfI, ku`lU, kWgVw qy cMbw pu`jw qy au~QoN aUDmpur ivcoN lMMGdw hoieAw auh JnW dy kMFy irAwsI ipMf phuMc igAw sI)[

phwVI irAwsqW qoN eIn mnvwauxw

iblwspur ’qy hmlw

lohgVH ivcoN inkl ky bMdw isMG ny phwVI ielwikAW ivc kwrvweI krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies dOr ivc sB qoN pihlW aus ny phwVI rwijAW nUM soDx dw plwn bxwieAw[ aus dw sB qoN pihlw hmlw kihlUr irAwsq dI rwjDwnI iblwspur ’qy sI[ ie`QoN dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb vyly AnMdpur Aqy inrmohgVH ’qy ds vwrI hmly kIqy sn[ srhMd Aqy lwhOr dI &Oj nUM AnMdpur Aqy inrmohgVH ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy cVHw ilAwaux vwlw vI auhI sI[ 5-6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn, AnMdpur qoN sdw vwsqy cly jwx vwsqy mjbUr krn vwsqy, ngr nUM Gyrw vI iesy dI &Oj ny pwieAw sI[ s`c qW ieh hY ik is`KW dIAW muSiklW dw muK izMmydwr rwjw Ajmyr cMd sI[ so vzIr ^wn vWg ies nUM szw dyxw vI bhuq zrUrI sI[

iek iKAwl ieh vI kIqw jWdw hY ik ie`Qy bMdw isMG ny iek ZlqI kr leI[ aus ny

Ajmyr cMd ’qy hmlw krn dI bjwie pihlW aus nUM ZulwmI kbUl krn dw pYZwm ByijAw ik auh eIn mMn lvy[ (Ajmyr cMd qoN ‘ADInqw’ mMnvwauxw is`K AjMfw nhIN sI)[ ^Yr, Ajmyr cMd is`KW

A`gy isr ik`Qy JukwauNdw sI? eIn mMnx dI QW aus ny phwVI rwijAW Aqy kWgVw qy jlMDr doAwbw dy &OjdwrW koloN mdd mMg leI[ aunHW ny AwpxIAW &OjW Aqy Aslw Byj id`qw[ Ajmyr cMd ny iblwspur dy iklHy nUM cMgI qrHW mzbUq kr ilAw[ pr iblwspur dw iklHw phwVW ivc iGirAw hox dy bwvjUd is`KW dy iek zordwr h`ly A`gy bhuqI dyr nhIN sI itk skdw[ dUjw, is`K &OjI gurU vwsqy lV rhy sn nw ik auh phwVI &OjIAW vWg iksy rwjy dy qn^whdwr sn[ ies kr ky BwvyN is`KW Aqy iblwspurIAW ivc ^Ub lVweI hoeI pr CyqI hI Ajmyr cMd ny hiQAwr sut id`qy[ ies lVweI ivc 13 sO phwVI &OjI mwry gey (ienHW dw sskwr krn dI bjwie, ienHW lwSW nUM fUMGIAW KweIAW ivc dbw id`qw igAw)[ is`KW iv`coN bhuq QoVHy bMdy ShId hoey sn[

ieh svwl ik bMdw isMG ny Ajmyr cMd nUM su`cw nMd vWg szw ikauN nhIN id`qI? iek ivcwr ieh hY ik, Ajmyr cMd ny is`KW dI ZulwmI kbUl kr leI sI qy hiQAwr su`t id`qy sn[ kuJ is`KW muqwibk, Ajmyr cMd Aqy vzIr ^wn qy su`cw nMd dw jurm ie`ko ijMnw nhIN sI[ auh socdy sn ik Ajmyr cMd ny AnMdpr swihb ’qy hmly zrUr kIqy sn; pr srhMd vwilAW ny qW

bygunwh b`icAW qy mwqw jI nUM qsIhy dy-dy ky ShId kIqw sI[ pr, ies dy bwvjUd Ajmyr cMd dy gunwh eyny sn ik aus dI Gto-Gt szw mOq hI bxdI sI[

mMfI dy rwjy nUM isropwE

iblwspur nUM ij`qx mgroN bMdw isMG ny kuJ hor phwVI rwijAW nUM vI eIn mMnx vwsqy pYZwm Byjy[ iek-iek kr ky swirAW ny isr Jukw id`qw[ sB qoN pihlW mMfI dy rwjy is`D syn ny bMdw isMG A`gy isr JukwieAw[ bMdw isMG nUM pqw sI ik ieh irAwsq gurU nwnk swihb dy zmwny qoN hI gurU Gr dI syvwdwr rhI sI ies kr ky aus ny mMfI dy rwjy nUM ie`zq nwl iK`lq dy ky ivdw kIqw[ ieM\ hI nwhn dw rwjw qW pihlW hI bMdw isMG dw swQ dy irhw sI qy iesy kr ky kuJ idn pihlW hI bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ny nwhn-rwjw BUp pRkwS nUM kYd kr id`qw sI qy aus dI irhweI vwsqy bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI dI Srq r`KI sI (mgroN nwhn dy rwjy ny &r^sIAr nwl sWJ pw leI sI qy is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc Swiml ho igAw sI)[

ku`lU ivc bMdw isMG nUM ‘igR&qwr’ krn dI khwxI

mMfI qoN bwAd bMdw isMG ku`lU v`l clw igAw[igAwnI igAwn isMG ilKdw hY ik ie`QoN dy rwjy mwn isMh ny bMdw isMG nUM DoKy nwl ‘kYd’ kr ilAw qy iek v`fy ipMjry ivc bMd kr id`qw qW jo aus nUM bhwdr Swh kol pyS kr ky aus qoN v`fw eInwm hwisl kIqw jwvy[ ies kYd iv`coN bMdw isMG ikvyN inkilAw ies bwry v`K-v`K do vyrvy imldy hn: (1) bMdw isMG nUM irhw krvwaux vwsqy mMfI dy rwjy ny AwpxI &Oj ku`lU rvwnw kr id`qI sI pr ies &Oj dy phuMcx qoN pihlW hI is`K &OjW ny bMdw isMG nUM kYd iv`coN irhw krvw ilAw sI (2) dUjy ivcwr muqwibk bMdw isMG nUM aus dy swQI irhw krvw ky mMfI lY gey sn[

ies bwry iek ‘dMd-kQw’ ieh vI ilKI jWdI hY ik ku`lU dy rwjy ny bMdw isMG nUM ipMjry ivc pw ilAw sI qy bMdw isMG Awpxy jwdU nwl au~QoN ipMjry sxy auf ky mMfI phuMc igAw sI[ ieho ijhIAW jwdU khwxIAW audoN vI crcw ivc rihMdIAW huMdIAW sn[

bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI dI ieh khwxI dI qsdIk &wrsI soimAW qy SwhI irkwrfW qoN nhIN huMdI[ jy ieh Gtnw hoeI huMdI qW muZl drbwr ivc ies dw izkr zrUr hoieAw hoxw sI[A^bwrwiq drbwir muA`lw dy irkwrf jW koeI ho somw ies bwry zrw mwsw vI ieSwrw nhIN krdw[ ieh khwxI XkInn igAwnI igAwn isMG v`loN GVI geI iek hor g`p hI hY[

bMdw isMG dw cMbw ivc ivAwh

ku`lU nUM Jukwaux mgroN jnvrI 1711 ivc bMdw isMG cMbw pu`j igAw, ij`Qy aus nUM rwjw audY isMh ny AwpxI ^UbsUrq DI suSIl kuMvr (mgroN suSIl kOr) dw folw vI id`qw[ ies qoN mgroN suSIl kOr sdw hI bMdw isMG dy nwl rhI sI Aqy aus ny mwrc 1712 ivc lohgVH ivc hI AjY isMG nUM jnm id`qw sI, ijs ƒ bMdw isMG dy nwl 9 jUn 1716 dy idn ShId kr idqw igAw sI[

dunIAW dI qvwrI^ ivc Swied AjY isMG hI sB qoN CotI aumr dw ShId sI, ijs nUM swFy cwr swl dI aumr ivc ShId kr id`qw igAw sI)[ suSIl kOr nUM vI bMdw isMG dy nwl gurdws nMgl dI gVHI iv`coN igR&qwr kr ky idlI iljwieAw igAw sI (aus dy AMq smyN jW mOq bwry iksy somy ivc zrw vI izkr nhIN imldw)[

jMmU qy jlMDr-doAwbw dy &OjdwrW ƒ mwrnw

bMMdw isMG cMbw qoN mgroN sIbw, nUrpur qy jsvwn dy phwVI rwijAW qoN eIn mnvw ky irAwsI phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy bMdw isMG ny is`K &OjW nUM muV jQybMd kIqw qy kuJ icr irAwsI (jMmU-kSmIr) ivc itkx mgroN aus ny iPr pMjwb v`l nUM mUMh kr ilAw[ auh mwrc 1711 dy pihly h&qy jMmU dI srh`dI cOkI rwiepur Aqy bihrwmpur dI jUh ivc phuMc igAw[ ienHIN idnIN jlMDr-doAwb dI

rwjDwnI sulqwnpur dw &Ojdwr Sms ^wn Apxy-cwcy kuqbdIn ^ySgI aur& bwiezId ^wn

(&Ojdwr jMmU) kol AwieAw hoieAw sI[ jd aunHW ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K &OjW ienHW phwVW ivc GMum rhIAW hn qW aunHW dohW ny &Oj lY ky is`KW vl kUc kr id`qw[ aunHW ny pihlW vI, 1710 dI AkqUbr-nvMbr ivc, is`K &OjW nUM rwhoN Aqy srhMd ivc hrwieAw sI[ ies AwkV ivc auh is`KW dy ip`Cy cl pey[ is`K aus vyly jMg vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sn[ ies kr ky QoVHw ijhw mukwblw krn mgroN isK hrn ho gey[ bwiezId ^wn Aqy Sms ^wn ny aunHW dw bhuqI dUr qk ip`Cw nw kIqw[

drAsl is`K B`jy nhIN sn; ieh q W aunHW dw iek pYNqVw sI (ijs ƒ ‘FweI &`t dI lVweI’ ikhw jWdw hY)[ jd is`KW ny vyiKAw ik pTwx jrnYl Awpxy Awp ƒ jyqU smJdy hoey Avysly ho gey hn qW aunHW ny ip`Cy muV ky muZl &Oj ’qy iek dm hmlw kr idqw[ ies Acwnk hmly ivc ivc Sms ^wn mOky ’qy hI mwirAw igAw Aqy bwiezId ^wn burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ auh vI iqMn idn mgroN mr igAw[ ienHW dIAW lwSW nUM ksUr ivc iljw ky d&n kIqw igAw[ ies lVweI ivcoN is`K &OjW nUM Sms ^wn qy kuqbdIn dy fyry dw bhuq swrw Aslw qy hor mwl-m`qw vI h`Q AwieAw[

pr ienHW dI mOq dI ^br bwdSwh nUM nhIN iml skI sI[ 12 mwrc 1711 dy idn bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik Sms ^wn qy kuqb ^wn (bwiezId ^wn) dI is`KW nwl zbrdsq lVweI ho rhI hY[ iek ieqlwh muqwibk dohW ivcoN iek mr cukw hY qy dUjw Ajy lV irhw hY[ bwdSwh ny ies ^br dI qsdIk krn vwsqy hdwieq id`qI[ pr 20 mwrc nUM iBKwrI dw dI ic`TI ivc d`isAw igAw ik ieh dovyN is`KW h`QoN mwry gey hn[^cx bwdSwh nUM aus nUM id`qI geI ieqlwh muqwibk is`K &OjW dI igxqI 25 hzwr sI[ hux bwiezId ^wn kuqbdIn ^ySgI dy mr jwx kr ky bwdSwh ny srhMd dy &Ojdwr &Iroz Kwn myvwqI ƒ srhMd qoN bdl ky jMmU dw &Ojdwr lw idqw qy aus dI QW ZwzI ^wn ‘rusqm jMg’ ƒ srhMd dw &Ojdwr bxw idqw[

mwry gey bwiezId ^wn (p`uqr sulqwn Aihmd ^wn) kol iek hzwr zwq qy pMj sO svwr dw mnsb sI[ aus dy nwl hI mwry gey aus dy BqIjy Sms ^wn (pu`qr pIr ^wn, poqw sulqwn Aihmd ^wn) kol pMj sO zwq qy iek sO svwr dw mnsb sI qy auh jlMDr-ibsq ivc sulqwnpur dw swbkw &Ojdwr sI[ 1710 dy SurU ivc aus nUM ies Ahudy qoN htw id`qw igAw sI[ iPr 4 Agsq 1710 dy idn bwdSwh ny, nkodr ivc lu`tmwr krn dy doS kwrn, aus dw mnsb vI iek sO zwq qy iek sO svwr Gtw id`qw sI qy aus dw i^qwb ‘i^qwb ^wnI’ vI vwips lY ilAw sI[ pr, rwhoN Aqy srhMd ivc is`KW nUM hrwaux, qy ies mgroN vI is`KW dy i^lw& zbrdsq muihMm clwaux kwrn, aus nUM qy aus dy cwcw kuqbdIn ^ySgI (bwiezId ^wn), dohW nUM dobwrw aunHW dy AhuidAw ’qy bhwl kr idqw igAw sI[ mAwsrul aumrw dw lyKk ilKdw hY ik Sms ^wn ny is`KW nwl 22 vwr t`kr leI sI[ pr muV bhwlI qoN iek mhIny dy AMdr hI auh is`KW dy h`QoN mwirAw igAw sI[

bMdw isMG lwhOr dIAW brUhW qk pu`jw: ies mgroN is`K &OjW ny lwhOr v`l mUMh kr ilAw[ 7 mwrc dI ieqlwh muqwibk bMdw isMG lwhor Sihr dy nyVy pu`j cukw sI[^cxi

btwlw Aqy klwnOr ’qy is`KW dw kbzw

hux isK &OjW ny klwnOr Aqy btwly v`l ru^ kr ilAw sI[ A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muAlw` muqwibk jdoN bMdw isMG dy btwlw dy nyVy pu`jx dIAW ^brW AweIAW qW Sihr dy Aqy Awly-duAwly dy bhuq swry AmIr-vzIr, Awpxw m`l-m`qw sMBwl ky, Awpxy t`brW sxy, Sihr C`f ky lwhOr nUM B`j gey[audoN btwlw ivc seIAd muhMmd &zl kwdrI Aqy SY^ Aihmd (SY^ul ihMd) do mShUr S^sIAqW rihMdIAW sn[ seIAd muhMmd &zl kwdrI (ijs ny iek v`fw mdr`sw vI kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI) is`KW nwl lVweI kr ky nukswn krvwaux dy h`k ivc nhIN sI pr SY^ Aihmd (ijs nUM ‘SY^ul ihMd’ ikhw jWdw sI) bMdw isMG nUM zbrdsq t`kr dyxI cwhuMdw sI[

bMdw isMG ny btwly ’qy hmlw krn qoN pihlW, 6 iklomItr dUr, Acl-vtwlw puj ky pVwA kIqw qy Agly idn is`K &OjW phu-P`utx qoN pihlW btwly dy hwQI drvwzy nyVy pu`j geIAW[ SY^ Aihmd ny SihroN bwhr Aw ky is`K &OjW nwl t`kr leI pr bVI CyqI hI auh mwirAw igAw[ ies mgroN is`K &OjW drvwzy BMn ky Sihr ivc dwi^l hoeIAW Aqy zwlm hwkmW Aqy AmIrW dy Gr

l`ut ley[ kwzI Abdul h`k dw mh`lw Aqy swrIAW hvylIAW lu`tx mgroN swV idqIAW geIAW[ 20 mwrc 1711 dI irport muqwibk is`KW dw btwlw ’qy mukMml kbzw ho cukw sI [^cxii

btwlw qoN bwAd is`K &OjW ny klwnOr^cxiii ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ ieQoN dw &Ojdwr suhrwb

^wn sI Aqy kwƒngo iek ihMdU sMqoK rwey sI[ auh dovyN bMdw isMG dy hmly dI qwAb nw J`l sky[ sMqoK rwey dy Brw AxoK rwie ny vI kuJ icr bMdw isMG dw mukwblw krn dI koiSS kIqI pr iqMny burI qrHW z^mI ho ky, jwnW bcw ky, lwhOr vl n`s gey[ aunHW dI QW ’qy bMdw isMG ny is`KW ƒ &OjdwrI qy hor AhuidAW ’qy lw idqw[

ApYrl 1711 dw dUjw A`D bMdw isMG ny klwnOr ivc hI ibqwieAw[ klwnOr iek bVw v`fw

Sihr sI (ies Sihr bwry ieh mShUr sI ik “ijs ny vyiKAw nhIN lwhOr auh vyK ley klwnOr”)[ ieh Sihr eynw v`fw sI ik ies ivc sYNkVy msIqW sn Aqy ie`Qy hzwrW (Swied iek l`K qoN vI vD) muuslmwn rihMdy sn[ bMdw isMG ny klwnOr ’qy kbzw krn mgroN vI iksy msijd jW iksy hor muslm Adwry ƒ koeI nukswn nhIN phMucwieAw[ aus ny iek vwr drbwr lw ky ieh spSt vI kIqw ik aus dI lVweI muslmwnW dy i^lw& nhIN blik zwlm pTwn qy muZl hwkmW dy i^lw& hY[

bMdw isMG dy ies AYlwn-nwmy ’qy Awm muslmwnW ny bVw skUn mihsUs kIqw[ ikauNik Awm

AwdmI aus vyly zwlm hwkmW qoN bVw duKI sI, ies kr ky aunHW dy idl ivc bMdw isMG Aqy Kwlsw &Oj vwsqy hmdrdI qy AkIdq pYdw ho geI[ ies dy nwl hI hzwrW muslmwnW ny bMdw isMG dI &Oj ivc nOkrI krn dI ^wihS dw iezhwr kIqw[ bMdw isMG ny &rw^idlI idKwauNidAW hoieAw muslmwnW ƒ vI &Oj ivc nOkrIAW dy idqIAW[ mgroN 28 ApYrl 1711 dy idn jd bwdSwh ny

rUpV nyVy sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw qW aus ƒ ihdwieq au~lw ^wn ny bMdw isMG bwry, BgvqI dws hrkwry dI, irport pyS kridAW disAw ik ^cxiv:

“nwnk pUj (bMdw isMG) dw fyrw 19 qwrI^ (26 AprYl 1711) qk klwnOr dy ksby ivc sI[ aus ny bcn id`qw hY qy iekrwr kIqw hY ik auh muslmwnW ƒ koeI qklI& nhIN dyvygw[ cunWic (ies kr ky) ijhVw koeI vI muslmwn aus v`l rujU huMdw (nwl jw imldw) hY auh aus dI idhwVI Aqy qn^wh nIAq kr ky aus dw i^Awl vI rKdw hyY[ aus ny aunHW ƒ ^uqbw Aqy nmwz dI iejwzq vI idqI hoeI hY[ cunWic pMj hzwr muslmwn aus bwZI is`K AwgU kol nOkr ho gey hn[ Azwn qy nmwz dI iejwzq mgroN muslmwn ienHW bwZIAW dI &OjW ivc skUn mihsUs kr rhy hn[“

24 mwrc 1711 dI iek ^br muqwibk is`KW ny gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI Aqy rwvI dirAw dy dUjy kMFy Swhdrw (lwhOr dy bwhrvwr) qk kbzw kr ilAw sI[^cxv

7 AprYl 1711 nUM, jd bwdSwh bnUV kol sI, qW aus nUM disAw igAw ik is`K lwhOr qoN 40-45 iklomItr dI dUrI ’qy pVwA kr rhy sn qy aunHW ny iek iklHw vI bxw ilAw hY[ is`KW ny

rwvI dirAw dy duAwly, phwVW dy nyVy 25 iklomItr cOVy Aqy 10 iklomItr lMby ielwky ivc Awpxy Qwxy vI kwiem kr ley sn qy ies ielwky dy zmINdwr aunHW dw swQ dy rhy sn[^cxvi

15 AprYl nUM bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik iblwspur dy rwjy ny is`KW nwl dosqI kr leI hY

ijs hyT rwjw is`KW nUM AwpxI irAwsq ivc pnwh dyvygw Aqy jy muZl &OjW is`KW dy ip`Cy AweIAW qW auh (rwjw) aunHW dw rwh rokygw[^cxvii

BwvyN bwdSwh nUM kdy-kdy is`KW dI hwr dI ^br vI iml jWdI sI pr aus Ajy vI bhuq firAw hoieAw sI[ aus nUM bMdw isMG dw kuJ vI pqw nhIN sI lg irhw[ pr aus nUM 13 meI 1711 dy idn kySo rwE hrkwry dI ByjI ^br qoN ieh vI pqw l`gw ik is`KW ny rwvI qy ibAws dy ivckwrly ielwky ivc p`ky Twxy kwiem kr ley hoey sn Aqy ielwky dy bhuq swry pTwn jrnYlW qy

jwgIrdwrW nUM kql kr ky aunHW dy ^zwny qy Asly kbzy ivc kr ley sn[ bhwdr Swh nUM Awpxy mwry gey jrnYlW dw hor vI v`fw A&sos sI[

is`KW dy i^lw& muihMMm ivc kwrguzwrI idKwaux bdly bwdSwh ny jMmU dy zmINdwr ikrpwl dyv, nUrpur dy zmINdwr dXw DMmw, zmINdwr auidq isMh buMdylw, kotlw dy zmINdwr swdwq ^wn, qwlwvwV dy zmINdwr qy 11 hor zmINdwrW (ijnHW iv`coN bhuqy ihMdU sn) nUM iK`lqW id`qIAW[ ienHW zmINdwrW nUM gurj-brdwr Kvwjw sulqwn Aqy rjOVI dy zmINdwr seIAd Azmqu`lw ^wn rwhIN hukm Byjy gey ik auh nwnk-pRsqW (is`KW) nUM ^qm krn dI muihMm ivc Swiml hox[

25 AprYl nUM bwdSwh ny ASr& ^wn nUM hirAwxw (hux izlHw huiSAwrpur) dw &Ojdwr bxw id`qw qy aus nUM vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy ByijAw[ iesy idn AwiqS ^wn nUM qopKwnw dw ieMcwrj bxw ky sqluj pwr is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy ByijAw igAw[

28 AprYl nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br id`qI geI ik 20 AprYl nUM is`K &qihbwd (goieMdvwl qoN 6 iklomItr) ivc sn[ au~QoN dy Qwnydwr Aqy zmINdwr eIsw ^wn (jo mgroN duAwbw dw nwieb bxwieAw igAw) ny iml ky ienHW is`KW nwl zbrdsq t`kr leI ijs ivc bhuq swry is`K mwry

gey sn[ bwdSwh nUM ieh vI d`isAw igAw ik pMj hzwr pTwn is`KW nwl lVn vwsqy iqAwr KVy

_hn[cxviii

5 meI nUM bwdSwh ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM SwbwS id`qI Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc rol

Adw krn ’qy iK`lq Byt kIqI[ aus nUM dobwrw is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy ByijAw qy aus nwl nON hzwr &OjI id`qy gey[^cxix

meI 1711 dy pihly h&qy bMdw isMG nUM pqw lg igAw ik bwdSwh dI &Oj ny sqluj pwr kr

ilAw hY[ ies ‘qy bMdw isMG ny klwnOr qy btwlw ^wlI kr id`qY Aqy l`KI jMgl v`l ru^ kr ilAw sI[^cxx ie`QoN aunHW ny jMmU v`l phVW nUM inklxw sI[

14 meI nUM bwdSwh ny qlvn dy zmINdwrW: muZl byZ ^wn, durlb ^wn, Abdul smd ^wn qy ienwieq ^wn nUM vI bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy Byj id`qw[ ies qoN ielwvw ienwm ^wn

vwlwSwhI nUM vI hukm hoieAw ik auh muhMmd AmIn ^wn nwl Swiml ho jwvy Aqy is`KW dy ^wqmy ivc ih`sw pwvy[^cxxi

15 meI nUM bwdSwh ny Abdus smd ^wn (kuVm muhMmd AmIn ^wn Aqy bwp zkrIAw ^wn) nUM vI muhMmd AmIn ^wn nwl is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy tor id`qw igAw[^cxxii

18 meI nUM bwdSwh nUM Bgvwn dws hrkwry dI ByjI ieqlwh qoN pqw l`gw ik bMdw isMG, ibAws dirAw qoN s`q koh (22 iklomItr dUr), ipMf AlHwb ivc pVwA kr irhw sI[ jd SwhI

&ojW nUM ies dw pqw l`gw qW aunHW ny dirAw ’qy pul bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr is`KW dy qIrW Aqy bMdUkW dI bOCwV ny aunHW nUM pul bxwaux hI nw id`qw[^cxxiii

19 meI nUM bwdSwh ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM 10 bMdUkW, 300 qIr, 50 mx is`kw, 7 jzIry, do hzwr bMdUkcI hor Byjy jwx[ iesy idn bwdSwh ny aus ƒ iek l`K rupY ^zwnw ^ws ivcoN AYfvWs vI jwrI kIqy[ bwdSwh ny dOlq byZ ^wn, swlyh ^wn qy &qih au~lw

^wn ƒ vI muhMmd AmIn ^wn nwl muihMm ’qy jwx vwsqy mnzUrI idqI[ iesy idn srbrwh ^wn, ieslwm ^wn bhwdr, kulIc muhMmd ^wn bhwdr, mhwbq ^wn bhwdr, mu^ils ^wn bhwdr,

AjnbI ^wn bhwdr, b^SI-aul-mulk qy imrzw Swh invwz ^wn ƒ vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy jwx dw hukm hoieAw[^cxxiv

meI 1711 dy A^Irly idnW ivc is`K &OjW pursrUr (psrUr) qoN 20-22 iklomItr dUr sn[

30 meI nUM bwdSwh v`loN aucycI muihMm ’qy Byjy muhMmd AmIn ^wn (cYn bhwdr) Aqy ZwzI ^wn (rusqim-jMg) nUM ^br imlI ik is`K psrUr kol pVwA kr rhy hn[ ^br imlidAW hI SwhI

&OjW	dy	ieh	dovyN	jrnYl, lgwqwr 30 koh (100 iklomItr) pYNfw kr ky psrUr pu`jy Aqy pihlI
jUn	nUM	ienHW	SwhI	&OjW dI is`K &OjW dI t`kr ho geI[ ies dOrwn ^Ub ^Un folHvIN lVweI hoeI[

ies lVweI ivc dohW &OjW dw zbrdsq nukswn hoieAw[ ies lVweI ivc muZl jrnYl eIsw ^wn (puqr dOlq mueIn) vI Swiml sI (Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ieh eIsw ^wn mM\ nhIN blik dOlq

mueIn dw pu`qr sI)[ aus dw hwQI vI ies lVweI ivc golI l`gx nwl z^mI ho igAw[ duSmx &OjW dI igxqI vDyry hox kr ky is`KW ny t`kr lYx dI bjwie jMmU dy ihMdU rwjy Druv dyv dy ielwky ivc phwVW vl mMUh kr ilAw[ jd Druv dyv nUM is`KW dy auDr Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny AwpxI swrI &Oj is`KW dy ip`Cy Byj id`qI[ auDr rjOVI dy zmIdwr Azmq-aulw-^wn ny vI Awpxy &OjI bMdw isMG dy i^lw& Byj id`qy[ is`K ienHW dohW dw mukwblw nw kr sky qy au~pr phwVW vl nUM inkl gey[ ies dOrwn prol qy kTUAw ivc vI is`K &OjW nUM hwr hoeI[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc ShId hox vwly 5 sO is`KW dy isr k`t ky bwdSwh nUM Byjy gey[ ies vyly ieh A&vwh vI &Yl geI ik bMdw isMG vI ShId ho igAw hY[ ies ’qy muZl &OjW ShId hoey is`KW ivcoN bMdw isMG dI lwS lBdIAW rhIAW pr aunHW dw Brm CyqI hI dUr ho igAw[

ies jMg dI ^br bwdSwh nUM 4 jUn nUM imlI[ bwdSwh ny ies lVweI ivc bhwdrI idKwaux bdly muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM iK`lq, iek hIirAW nwl jVI qlvwr Aqy m`CI qy Syr vwlw iek inSwn (emblem) Aqy ZwzI ^wn nUM iek iK`lq, iek qlvwr Aqy m`CI qy GoVy vwlw iek inSwn dyx dw AYlwn kIqw Aqy aunHW nUM pYZwm ByijAw ik auh bwdSwh nUM Aw ky imlx qy eInwm hwisl krn[ bwdSwh ny dOlq mueIn Aqy aus dy pu`qr eIsw ^wn nUM vI eInwm ivc qlvwrW Byjx dw AYlwx kIqw[^cxxv

7 jUn nUM bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik jMmU dw rwjw Druv dyv Aqy rjOVI dw zmINdwr seIAd Azmq aulHw ^wn is`K &OjW dw ip`Cw kr rhy sn qy muhMmd AmIn ^wn qy ZwzI ^wn bhwdr vI aunHW dy nwl sn qy aunHW ny is`K &OjW nUM Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ bwdSwh nUM XkIn idvwieAw jw irhw sI ik bMdw isMG nUM CyqI hI PV ilAw jwvygw[ pr bwdSwh dI ^uSI QoVHw icr hI kwiem rhI ikauN ik ies Gyry iv`coN vI is`K &OjW bc ky inkl geIAW[ ies mgroN is`K &OjW vzIrwbwd dy ielwky v`l nUM clIAW geIAW[ ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr Azhr ^wn ny vI is`KW ’qy zbrdsq hmlw kIqw qy

Awpxy ielwky iv`coN inkl jwx ’qy mjbUr kr id`qw[ bwdSwh ny vzIrwbwd dy &Ojdwr Azhr ^wn nUM ies kwrnwmy bdly iK`lq Byt kIqI[^cxxvi

ies vyly bwdSwh lwhOr v`l Aw irhw sI[ auh 9 jUn nUM bjvwVw pu`jw qy kuJ idn ie`Qy

ruikAw qy iPr lwhOr vl cl ipAw[ 13 jUn nUM bwdSwh ny cwr rupY mhInw qn^wh ’qy do hzwr pYdl &OjI Aqy 25 rupY mhInw ’qy do hzwr GoVsvwr BrqI krn dw &urmwn jwrI kIqw[^cxxvii aus

ny hor vI &OjW is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc Byj id`qIAW[

16 jUn nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik is`K &OjW vzIrwbwd qoN phwVW v`l inkl geIAW hn qy sFOry v`l jw rhIAW hn[ aus nUM d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG phwVW ivcoN jw irhw hY qy aus ny dobwrw lohgVH ’qy kbzw krnw hY[ ies ’qy aus ny v`fy Sihzwdy jhWdwr ^wn Aqy eIsw ^wn

(nwieb &Ojdwr ibsq doAwb jlMDr) dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh sFOry v`l jw ky is`KW nUM Gyrn[^cxxviii pr is`K &OjW qW aus vyly phwVW ivc PsIAW bYTIAW sn qy lohgV qoN bhuq dUr

sn[ bMdw isMG vI ienHW dy ivc hI sI[ jd muZl &OjW sFOry pu`jIAW qW aunHW nUM bMdw isMG dw nW inSwn nzr nw AwieAw[ drAsl ieh bMdw isMG dI cwlwkI sI[ auh muZl &OjW nUM aulJw ky do ih`isAW ivc vMfxw cwhuMdw sI[

pihlI Agsq dy idn bwdSwh lwhOr phuMc igAw[

is`K &OjW dw iPr lohgVH v`l kUc

23 Agsq ƒ bwdSwh ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn ƒ is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy 2 lK rupY hor AYfvWs Byjy[^cxxix 27 Agsq nUM bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik bMdw isMG rwvI pwr kr ky ropV v`l

clw igAw hY qy au~QoN auh dwbr (lohgVH) v`l jwx dI iqAwrI kr irhw hY[ 14 sqMbr nUM bwdswh nUM ^br imlI ik bMdw isMG ny cwr hzwr is`K &OjW nwl 7 sqMbr nUM sqluj dirAw pwr kr ilAw sI[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn ƒ kIrqpur vl kUc krn vwsqy pYZwm Byj idqw qy nwl hI nON hzwr hor &Oj muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI mdd vwsqy Byjx dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ muhMmd

AmIn ^wn ny 5 AkqUbr 1711 ƒ sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw[ eyny ivc bMdw isMG au~QoN inkl ky phwVW v`l clw igAw[ auh CyqI hI k`ulU irAwsq ivc dwi^l ho igAw[

2 nvMbr 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ny hoSdwr ^wn (puqr ierwdq ^wn) nUM jlMDr-doAwb dw &Ojdwr Qwp ky aus nUM vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc qweInwq kr id`qw[^cxxx

5 nvMbr ƒ bwdSwh ƒ muhMmd AmIn ^wn dw ^q imilAw ijs ivc ikhw sI ik is`K rwq vyly aus dy kYNpW qy hmly krdy hn ies kr ky jlMDr doAwb dy &Ojdwr hoSdwr ^wn ƒ AwK ky

hor 5 hzwr GoVsvwr &OjI aus ƒ idvw idqy jwx[ Agly hI idn bwdSwh nyy pMj hzwr &Oj qy iqMn sO bMdUkcI hoSdwr ^wn nUM dy ky aus nUM ropV jwx vwsqy AwiKAw[^cxxxi 12 nvMbr 1711 nUM

srhMd dw &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn vI Awpxy iek hzwr &OjIAW nUM lY ky, muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc Swiml ho igAw[^cxxxii 14 nvMbr nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik

9 nvMbr dy idn is`KW qy SwhI &OjW ivckwr jMgl hrI dy rwh ’qy cwr GMty lgwqwr zbrdsq lVweI hoeI sI ijs ivc is`K Aqy muZl &OjI dovyN hI v`fI igxqI ivc mwry gey sn[^cxxxiii

iblwspur ivc ShIdIAW

dsMbr 1711 ivc is`K &OjW kihlUr irAwsq ivc dwi^l ho cukIAW sn (ienHW ivc bwbw bMdw isMG Swiml nhIN sI)[ 28 dsMbr dy idn muhMmd AmIn ^wn dIAW &OjW ny brswxw ndI dy kMFy ’qy qMbU g`fy hoey sn[ jd is`KW ƒ ies dw pqw lgw qW aunW ƒ muZl &OjW ‘qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies mOky qy qIrW Aqy bMdUkW dI BwrI jMg hoeI[ ies jMg ivc qkrIbn pMj sO is`K ShId hoey[ ShId hox vwly is`KW ivc kyso isMG puqr BweI icqr isMG qy bwG isMG, (dovyN puqr BweI audY isMG qy poqy BweI mnI isMG) vI Swiml sn[

Swm pYx mgroN is`K dirAw pwr kr ky iblwspur vl inkl gey[ hwlW ik dohIN pwsIN ie`ko ijhw nukswn hoieAw sI pr bhwdr Swh ƒ ^uS krn vwsqy ies ƒ muZl &OjW dI ij`q disAw igAw[ muhMmd AmIn ^wn ny eInwm hwisl krn vwsqy ShId hoey pMj sO is`KW dy isr ktvw ky bwdSwh ƒ Byjy[ bwdSwh kol ieh isr jd 12 jnvrI 1712 ƒ pu`jy qW aus ny ienHW isrW dI numwieS lwaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ (iPr 18 jnvrI nUM ienHW isrW dy mInwr bxwaux dy hukm jwrI kIqy gey)[ bwdSwh ny muZl &Oj dI ies ‘kwmXwbI’ ’qy mujrw krvwaux dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny njUmIAW dI qjvIz muqwibk iek GoVw, iek jMglI sMFw, iek Zulwm, kuJ jVwaU qy sony dIAW cIzW vZYrw dwn-puMn kIqIAW Aqy ienHW sB cIzW dy isr-vwrny kr ky A&srW nUM b^SIAW[ pr, ienHW idnW ivc hI bwdSwh bImwr pY igAw[

22 jnvrI 1712 ƒ bwdSwh ƒ disAw igAw ik bMdw isMG kIrqpur qoN inkl ky kihlUr

(iblwspur) irAwsq ivc clw igAw sI qy b`sI A&ZwnW (kIrqpur qoN pMJI iklomItr dUr) ivc pVwA kr irhw sI[ iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny aus ƒ pnwh id`qI hoeI hY[ bwdSwh ƒ ieh vI disAw igAw ik bMdw isMG nUM pnwh dyx dy jurm ivc, muZl jrnYl &Iroz jMg ^wn ny, kIrqpur Aqy kilAwxpur ipMfW ƒ swV ky suAwh kr idqw sI[ &Iroz jMg ny Awp ipMf inrmoh

(kIrqpur qoN pMj iklomItr dUr) fyry lwey hoey sn qy auh ie`QoN is`KW ’qy ingwh rK irhw

_sI[cxxxiv

hwiqm ^wn dw is`KW h`QoN mwirAw jwxw

dsMbr dy dUjy h&qy ivc joDpur Aqy jYpur dy ihMdU rwjy vwips rwijsQwn ƒ muV gey sn[ 25 dsMbr 1711 ƒ bMdw isMG ƒ ies bwry pqw lg cukw sI[ bwdSwh ny ienHW rwijAW ƒ jwx ligAW (ienHW dI ZYr hwzrI ivc hI) cwr hzwrI qy swFy iqMn hzwrI mnsb b^S id`qy sn[

Sihzwdw AzImauSwn ny ienHW ƒ mnsb dy prvwny pyS krn Aqy ivdwiegI dyx vwsqy &Ojdwr hwiqm ^wn ƒ ienHW dy ip`Cy ByijAw sI[ jd hwiqm ^wn vwips muV irhw sI qW is`K &OjW ny aus ƒ J`jr dy nyVy Gyr ky mwr idqw[ (ies dI ^br bwdSwh ƒ pihlI &rvrI 1712 ƒ imlI sI)[

ienHIN idnIN bMdw isMG iblwspur ivc bYTw sI[ is`KW dy iek j`Qy ny AnMdpur swihb qoN 14 iklomItr dUr, ijMdbVI (jo iksy zmwny ivc iek v`fw prgnw irhw sI) ivc doAwbw dy &Ojdwr hoSdwr ^wn dI &Oj ‘qy hmlw kr idqw qy bhuq swry muZl ispwhI mwr mukwey[

23 jnvrI 1712 ƒ bwdSwh ny jMmU dy &Ojdwr &Iroz ^wn bhwdr ƒ vI is`KW dw ip`Cw krn vwsqy hukm Byj id`qw sI[^cxxxv &rvrI 1712 dy pihly h&qy bMdw isMG Awp iblwspur ivc bYTw

sI; duAwby dw &Ojdwr hoSdwr ^wn jYjoN ivc pu`j cukw sI Aqy muhMmd AmIn ^wn ipMf Blovwl ivc sI[ ienHW dohW dIAW &OjW ipMf ijMdbVI Aqy J`jr ivc vI bYTIAW sn qy is`KW ’qy ingwh r`K rhIAW sn[ ies vyly qk muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI AgvweI ivc vIh hzwr qoN vI vD muZl &Oj bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy lgI hoeI sI pr auh Ajy qk aus dy nyVy nhIN sn pu`j sky[ BwvyN muhMmd AmIn

^wn ƒ koeI v`fI kwmXwbI nhIN sI imlI pr iPr vI bhwdr Swh ny 13 &rvrI 1712 dy idn aus ƒ “ZwzI-aud-dIn ^wn bhwdr” dw i^qwb dy idqw[^cxxxvi

muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dw pwZl hoxw qy aus dI mOq

iek`lw AmIn ^wn hI nhIN blik bwdSwh ny ds v`fy qy drjnW Coty jrnYl Aqy hzwrW &OjW bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy lweIAW hoeIAW sn[ aunHW dIAW is`K &OjW nwl bhuq JVpW hoeIAW sn ijnHW ivc dohW iDrW dw coKw nukswn hoieAw sI[ bwdSwh ny keI l`K rupY qy byihswb Aslw vI dwA

’qy lwieAw hoieAw sI pr aus ƒ bMdw isMG ƒ ^qm krn ivc kwmXwbI hwisl nw hoeI[ bhwdr Swh ƒ 1708 ivc Awpxy BrwvW ƒ hrwaux qy mwr mukwaux ivc kwmXwbI hwisl ho cukI sI[ auh d`Kx dI bZwvq ƒ dbw cukw sI[ aus ny rwjpUqW ƒ kwbU kr ilAw sI Aqy ieh swry mu^wil& v`fIAW-v`fIAW &OjW Aqy bypnwh qwkq vwly sn[ dUjy pwsy is`K QoVHI jhI igxqI ivc sn, aunHW kol Aslw vI QoVHw sI, aunHW dw ^zwnw vI koeI nhI sI, aunHW dy kbzy ivc iklHy jW irAwsqW vI nhIN sn[ ies kr ky bwdSwh smJdw sI ik auh ienHW ƒ kuJ idnW ivc hI ^qm kr dyvygw[

bwdSwh dI ^uS&ihmI CyqI hI ^qm ho geI[ bMdw isMG aus dy &OjIAW dy h`Q nw Aw sikAw[ drjnW JVpW ivc hzwrW is`KW dy mwry jwx nwl vI aunHW dI igxqI nw GtI Aqy aunHW dy AYkSn (hmly) nw ruky[ ienHW swrIAW ^brW nwl bwdSwh GbrwieAw rihMdw sI qy keI vwr qW ‘bMdw bMdw’ kih ky brVwauNdw vI huMdw sI[ Xwin bMdw isMG dw nw PiVAw jwxw aus vwsqy Azwb bxdw jw irhw sI qy auh bONdilAw iPrdw sI[ auh iek qrHW dw nIm pwZl ho cukw sI[ (lok kihMdy sn ik vzIr ^wn nUM bcwaux vwsqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb nwl DoKw krn dw iehI nqIjw hoxw sI)[

ienHIN idnIN hI bwdSwh nUM iSkwieq kIqI geI ik jogI, sMinAwsI, bYrwgI vZYrw lok lSkr dy duAwly GuMmdy rihMdy hn qy ies dIAW ^brW bMdw isMG qk phuMcwauNdy rihMdy hn[ bwdSwh ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik ienHW nUM Sihr ivcoN k`F id`qw jwvy qy lSkr dy nyVy Awaux vwilAW jogIAW, sMinAwsIAW, bYrwgIAW vZYrw nUM kql kr idqw jwvy[ (bwdSwh ny iehI hukm 28 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn vI jwrI kIqw sI)[

ienHW idnW ivc hI bhwdr Swh ny hukm jwrI kIqw hoieAw sI ik “ij`Qy ikqy koeI is`K l`By aus nUM kql kr idqw jwey[” aus ny ieh hukm vI jwrI kIqw ik swry ihMdU isr, mu`CW qy dwVHIAW muMnvw dyx qy jo ieh nhIN krngy is`K smJy jwxgy Aqy kql kr idqy jwxgy[ jnvrI dy dUjy h&qy bhwdr Swh dI qbIAq ^rwb hoxI SurU ho geI[ bwdSwh dy idl ivc is`KW dw fr burI qrHW smwA igAw[ auh eynw firAw hoieAw sI ik auh hr iek nwl Z`usy qy snkI qrIky nwl Aqy keI vwr nIm-pwglW vWg slUk krdw sI[ aus dw sB qoN pihlI pwZlW vwlI hrkq munwiem ^wn (ijs ƒ aus ny ^wn^wnw bhwdur, z&r jMg, v&wdwr, vzIir-AwlHw dy i^qwb idqy hoey sn) nMUM byiezq krnw sI[ 30 nvbMr 1710 ƒ jd bMdw isMG lohgVH ’coN bc ky inkl igAw qW bhwdr Swh ny aus ƒ “k`uqy” nwl qSbIh id`qI[ (ieh ^wn^wnw ies byie`zqI mgroN bImwr pY ky, 18 &rvrI 1711 dy idn, rwh ivc hI mr igAw sI)[

bhwdr Swh dw dUjw v`fw pwZlwnw hukm srhMd dy &Ojdwr ZwzI ^wn rusqim-jMg dy i^lw& sI[ 23 ApRYl 1711 ƒ bwdSwh ny ZwzI ^wn ƒ srhMd dw &Ojdwr bxw ky, is`KW dw ‘Kurw Koj imtwaux’ vwsqy, aunHW dw ip`Cw krn vwsqy toirAw hoieAw sI[ pr jd auh muhMmd AmIn ^wn nwl ivgV ipAw qy is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm C`f ky Gr Aw bYTw qW bwdSwh ny 22 Agsq nUM aus dw sB kuJ Koh ky, aus dy pYrW nUM byVIAW pw ky jylH ivc su`t id`qw sI[ bhwdr Swh ny AijhAW AjIb hrkqW keI hor vI kIqIAW sn[

hux bhwdr Swh byhd prySwn rihx lg ipAw qy CyqI hI auh bMdw isMG dy i^Awl qy is`K dy nW qoN vI frn lg ipAw[ jnvrI 1712 ivc aus dw idmwZ iblkul hI bONdl igAw qy aus ny pUry SudweIAW vwlIAW hrkqW SurU kr idqIAW[ 12 PrvrI 1712 ƒ aus ny iek AjIb hukm jwrI kr ky Sihr dy swry ku`qy mwrn vwsqy hdwieq idqI[ ies muihMm hyT hr roz sYNkVy ku`qy mwry gey qy bhuq swry ku`qy fr ky dirAw rwvI pwr kr ky B`j gey[ auh bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy is`KW qoN eynw firAw hoieAw sI ik auh aunHW ƒ s`g (k`uqy) ikhw krdw sI qy Swied ku`qy mwrn dy hukm nwl auh is`KW nUM mwrn dI g`l krnI cwhMudw sI[

Agly kuJ h&qy aus dI bImwrI vDdI geI[ 25 &rvrI nUM bhwdr Swh ny Aw^rI drbwr lwieAw[ Agly idn iq`lI dI soz nwl bwdSwh dI qbIAq bhuq izAwdw ^rwb ho geI qy bwdSwh ibsqr ’qy hI lMmw pY igAw[ iqMn hkIm hr vyly aus ’qy KVy rihMdy sn[ pr aunHW dy ielwj nwl vI bwdSwh dI ishq nUM koeI &rk nw ipAw Aqy 27-28 &rvrI 1712 dy ivckwrlI rwq nUM lwhOr ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI[

bhwdr Swh dI lwS nUM id`lI iljw ky d&n krn vwsqy qwbUq ivc pw ky r`K id`qw igAw[ pr mOlvI murwdu`lw, Abdul kwdr qy mih&Uz ^wn, ijnHW dI spurdgI ivc bwdSwh dI lwS sI, keI idn lwS id`lI nw Byj sky ikauN ik bwdSwh dy cOhW pu`qrW ivc q^q ’qy kbzy dI jMg SurU ho cukI sI[ ieM\ bwdSwh dI lwS keI idn lwhOr ivc hI ruldI rhI qy A^Ir 43 idn mgroN (12 AprYl 1712 dy idn), bwdSwh dI byvw (ivDvw) imhr prvr, muhMmd ^wn dI ih&wzq ivc, lwS nUM id`lI lY geI[ lwS 16 meI nUM id`lI pu`jI Aqy FweI mhIny rulx mgroN ieh lwS kuqb mInwr kol, b^iqAwr kwkI dy mzwr dy nyVy, AOrMgzyb dI bxweI msijd dy ivhVy ivc, d&nw id`qI geI[

bhwdr Swh dI mOq mgroN aus dy pu`qrW ’c ^UnI-jMg

bhwdr Swh dI mOq mgroN aus dy p`uqrW ivc bwdSwh bxn vwsqy BwrI jMg hoeI[ ies mOky

’qy is`KW dy i^lw& &OjW lY ky inkly swry jrnYl, sxy muhMmd AmIn ^wn ‘cYn bhwdr’, vI muihMm iv`cy C`f ky lwhOr muV Awey[ 3 mwrc 1712 dy idn jhWdwr Swh dy iqMny Brw do-t`uk &Yslw krn vwsqy mYdwin-jMg ivc Aw gey[ ies mOky ’qy kihrW dI jMg hoeI[ pihlW Abdus smd ^wn ny Sihzwdy AzIm-aus-Swn ƒ mwr mukwieAw qy aus dI lwS cukvw ky jhWdwr Swh dy pYrW ivc jw s`utI[ AzIm-ausSwn dI mOq mgroN iek vwr qW cu`p vrq geI[

do h&qy mgroN, 16-17 mwrc ƒ, bhwdr Swh dy dohW in`ky pu`qrW, r&Iau~Swn (r&I-aul-kwdr) qy jhwn Swh (^uijSqw A^qr) ny nvW lSkr BrqI kr ky jMg kIqw[ 17 mwrc ƒ jd sB qoN Cotw Sihzwdw jhwn Swh Awpxy p`uqr &rKMdw A^qr nwl Awpxy Kymy vl jw irhw sI qW Abdus sm`d ^wn ny qop nwl dovyN ipE-p`uqr PMuf su`ty[ pr Sihzwdw rPIau~Swn Ajy jMg dy mYdwn ivc fitAw bYTw sI[

Agly idn phu-PutidAW hI jhWdwrSwh dI &Oj ny v`fw h`lw kIqw[ r&Iau~Swn v`loN nvyN

BrqI kIqy ispwhI CyqI hI mYdwn ’coN B`j gey[ hux r&Iau~Swn hwQI qoN auqr ky Awp jMg ivc k`ud ipAw Aqy Awpxy do BrwvW vWg auh vI mwirAw igAw[ iqMnW SihzwidAW Aqy aunHW dy puqrW dIAW loQW iqMn idn rwvI dirAw dI qvI ’qy (qpdI ryq ivc) ruldIAW rhIAW[ A^Ir cOQy idn nvyN bwdSwh, jhWdwr Swh, ny ienHW SihzwidAW dIAW glIAW-sVIAW lwSW ƒ d&nwaux dw hukm idqw[

jhWdwr Swh v`loN mu^wl&W dw kqlyAwm

jhWdwr ny qwkq sMBwlx mgroN Awpxy ihmwieqIAW qy mddgwrW nUM eInwm Aqy Awpxy duSmxW qy mu^wl&W nUM szwvW dyxIAW SurU kIqIAW[ AmIr -aul-aumrw bhwdr, koklqwS ^wn bhwdr, Kvwjw hsn ^wn, S`kr-aulHw ^wn qy kuJ hor aumrw ny jhWdwr Swh dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI[ aus ny ienHW swirAW nUM eInwm Aqy Ahudy b^Sy[ ies mgroN aus dy duSmxW dI vwrI AweI[

aus ny 20 mwrc nUM, Awpxy Brw ^uijSqw A^qr dy ^ws swQIAW muhMmd rusqm (aur& Zzn&r ^wn aur& ZwzI ^wn, swbkw &Ojdwr srhMd) Aqy mu^ils ^wn (pu`qr ^wn ^wnw) nUM kql krn dw hukm id`qw[ iesy idn Swm vyly hmId-aud-dIn ^wn bhwdr AwlmgIrI, sr&rwz ^wn bhwdr (bihroz ^wn) qy aus dy pu`qr, sY&-aulHw-^wn, rihmwn Xwr ^wn, muS`r& ^wn (gurj brdwr) Aqy &kIr-aulHw-^wn nUM vI mOq dI szw id`qI geI[ ieh swry dy swry muZl srkwr dy sB qoN sInIAr A&sr sn[ ienHW qoN ielwvw hmId-aud-dIn ^wn bhwdr, mhwbq ^wn bhwdr ^wnw-ie-zmwnw (^wn ^wnw dw dUjw pu`qr), Aihqmwn ^wn qy aus dw pu`qr luq&-aulHw- ^wn (^uijSqw A^qr dw ifptI), rihmwn ^wn Xwr, Aqw-aulHw ^wn, &qih-aulHw ^wn, mohqm ^wn, rwey rweIAW, jnI ^wn, i&dvI ^wn, Abdul krIr ^wn, AkIdq ^wn (pu`qr AmIr ^wn), muhMmd AlI ^wn (jhWdwr ^wn dw b^SI) vZYrw 17 bMidAW nUM kYd kr id`qw igAw[ ienHW dIAW jwiedwdW vI zbq kr leIAW geIAW[ pr Agly idn hI nvyN bwdSwh ny luq&-aulHw-^wn, rwey rweIAW Aqy jnI ^wn nUM muAw& krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ 21 mwrc nUM bwdSwh ny mu^ils ^wn Aqy hkIm moieqmd-aul-mulk dy bMd bMd k`tx dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ jhWdr Swh 23 mwrc 1712 ƒ rsmI qOr ’qy q^q ’qy bYTw[

bMdw isMG dw lohgVH qy sFOrw muV prqxw

auDr bhwdr Swh dI mOq dI ^br imlidAW hI bMdw isMG irAwsI qoN pMjwb vl nUM cl ipAw sI[ ies dOrwn lwhOr dy sUbydwr ieslwm ^wn ny aus dw rwh f`kx dI koiSS kIqI pr nwkwm

irhw[ bMdw isMG mwrc 1712 dy SurU ivc lohgVH Aqy sFOrw ivc phuMc igAw sI[ aus kol 4-5 hzwr &Oj sI[^cxxxvii

jd bMdw isMG dy lohgVH pu`jx dI ^br is`KW nUM imlI qW aunHW ny lohgVH phuMcxw SurU kr id`qw[ sFOrw Aqy lohgVH dy ivckwr hI nhIN blik ies dy cwry pwsy is`K, ^ws kr ky vxjwry

vsdy sn[ auh swry bMdw isMG dI &Oj dw ih`sw bxn vwsqy lohgVH v`l cl pey[ jd ieh ^brW muhMmd AmIn ^wn qk pu`jIAW qW aus ny &Oj nUM sFOrw vl clx dw hukm dy id`qw[^cxxxviii

muZlIAw q^q dI jMg kwrn is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm iek vwr qW ruk geI[ muhMMmd AmIn

^wn, ijs ƒ is`KW ƒ ^qm krn dI kmWf idqI geI sI, bwdSwh dI mOq mgroN lwhOr muV AwieAw sI[ aus ny q^q ’qy kbzy dI jMg ivc ih`sw nhIN ilAw sI[ 21 mwrc dy idn aus ny drbwr ivc hwizr ho ky nvyN bwdSwh dI v&wdwrI dw iezhwr kIqw[ jhWdwr ^wn ny aus dw mnsb vDw ky s`q hzwr zwq qy s`q hzwr svwr kr idqw[ ies dy nwl hI aus nUM pMj hzwrI do-Aspw dw mnsb vI id`qw igAw (muZl hkUmq dw aus vyly qk ieh sB qoN v`fw mnsb sI)[ muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM ‘cYn muhMmd, muhMmd AmIn ^wn bhwdr, i&roz jMg’ dw i^qwb id`qw igAw[

29 mwrc 1712 dy idn nvyN bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh ny bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI kmwn hyT 9000 GoVsvwr ispwhI Byjx dI mnzUrI id`qI sI[ pr 5 ApRYl 1712 dy idn muhMmd AmIn ^wn jhWdwr Swh nUM iek`ilAW imilAw qy bwdSwh ny aus nUM bMdw isMG dy

i^lw& 10000 GoVsvwr &Oj dI AgvweI hyT jwx vwsqy SuB ie`CwvW id`qIAW[ 9 ApRYl 1712 dy idn muhMmd AmIn ^wn ny muAr& ^wn nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy tor id`qw[^cxxxix

23 AprYl 1712 dy idn muhMmd AmIn ^wn ny bwdSwh nUM d`isAw ik aus ny do hzwr &OjIAW nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy iqAwr kIqw hoieAw hY[ aus ny do hzwr GOVsvwr Aqy iqMn hzwr pYdl ispwhIAW dI mMg kIqI[ ies ’qy bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh ny nvyN ispwhI BrqI krn dI

iejwzq dy idqI[ ies ivc 15 sO GoVsvwr 25 rupY mhInw ’qy, Aqy 2 hzwr pYdl ispwhI 4 rupY mhInw qn^wh ’qy, BrqI kr ky aus dy nwl Byj id`qy jwx[^cxl

ienHIN idnIN jhWdwr Swh Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) vwsqy rvwnw ho cukw sI[ auh 7 meI ƒ sulqwnpur loDI ivc sI[ ie`QoN d`KxI srW (nkodr nyVy), nUrmihl, i&lOr, luiDAwxw, dorwhw qy

KyVw ivc pVwA krdw auh 20 meI ƒ srhMd phMuc igAw[

aus idn ielwky dy AmIr aus kol pyS hoey qy d`isAw ik bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dy smyN bMdw isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW ny swfy bhuq bMdy kql kr id`qy sn Aqy swfy ’qy bhuq zulm Fwhy sn[ bhuq swry lok qbwh ho cuky sn[ hux vI jd qusIN ie`QoN cly jwEgy qW auh ie`Qy Aw jwxgy Aqy AsIN mih&Uz hIN hovWgy[ jy swnUM ih&wzq nhIN dy skdy qW AsIN quhwfy nwl hI eyQoN cly jwvWgy[ bwdSwh ny aunHW nUM ih&wzq dyx dw vwAdw kIqw[

22 meI 1712 dy idn srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ny bwdSwh nUM d`isAw ik bMdw isMG AwpxI purwxI QW (lohgVH) ivc hI rih irhw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy srhMd dy &Ojdwr nUM 8000 nvyN GoVsvwr r`Kx dI mnzUrI id`qI[^cxli

29 meI 1712 dy idn bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh Qwnysr ivc sI[ ie`Qy vI ngr dy AmIrW ny aus nUM d`isAw ik jd bMdw isMG ny ies ngr ’qy hmlw kIqw sI qW ie`QoN dy kuJ Awvwrw lok aus nwl rl gey sn[ auh aunHW nUM hr qrHW dw swmwn muh`eIAw krvwauNdy sn[ aunHW ny muslmwnW nUM bhuq du`K id`qw sI[ aunHW ny bhuq swrIAW msijdW, mzwr qy hvylIAW Fwh id`qIAW sn[ auh Ajy vI ngr ivc hn[ bwdSwh ny aunHW nM igR&qwr krn vwsqy hukm id`qw[ aus dy hukm dI qwmIl kr ky 17 jxy igR&qwr kIqy gey[ bwdSwh ny hukm id`qw ik ijhVy muslwn bx jwx aunHW nUM iK`lq id`qI jwvy qy ijhVy nw bxn aunHW dy bMd-bMd k`t ky, aunHW dIAW lwSW dy tukVy ngr dy bwhr dI

mInr dy nyVy ltk id`qy jwx[ iesy idn bwdSwh ny AYlwn kIqw ik jmdwqu`l mulk AwpxIAW

&OjW CqI hI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy Byjygw[^cxlii

8 jUn 1712 dy idn bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh id`lI phuMc igAw Aqy 11 jUn dy idn lwl iklHw ivc dwi^l hoieAw qy q^q ’qy bYiTAw[ 12 jUn nUM bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG ny srhMd ivc Awpxw Qwxw kwiem kIqw hoieAw hY[ bwdSwh ny srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn nUM muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI &Oj dI dIvwnI (qn^whW dw ieMqzwm) vI sONp id`qI[ bwdSwh ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy qweInwq kIqw hoieAw sI[ ies

dy nwl hI bwdSwh ny zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn dy BqIjy AbU-aul-kwism nUM srhMd dw nwieb (ifptI) &Ojdwr Qwp id`qw[^cxliii

sFOrw dI dUjI lVweI

Agsq 1712 ivc bMdw isMG lohgVH ivc bYTw hoieAw sI[ jd muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM ieh pqw l`gw qW aus ny iek v`fI &Oj nwl lohgVH v`l kUc kr id`qw[ lohgVH phuMcx qoN pihlW aus nUM sFOrw Aqy lohgVH dy ivckwr bxy 50 qoN vD moricAW ’qy lVnw pYxw sI[

pihlI sqMbr 1712 dy idn bwdSwh jhWdwr ^wn ƒ muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI irprot p`ujI ijs

ivc disAw igAw sI ik bhuq swry is`K Agsq 1712 dy SurU ivc phwVW qoN auqr ky sFOrw dy iklyH ivc Aw gey sn qy aunHW ny sFOry ivc p`kI gVHI bxw leI hoeI sI[^cxliv muZl POjW ny vI

ies iklHy dy bwhr iek k`cI gVHI bxw ky morcy pu`t ley sn[ bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K hr roz gVHI ivcoN inkldy sn qy muZl &OjI aunHW ’qy hmlw krdy sn[ ieM\ roz lVweI hMudI sI[ bwdSwh nUM ieh vI d`isAw igAw sI ik 17 Agsq ƒ bMdw isMG phwVW ’coN auqr ky sFOry vl

AwieAw qy dohW iDrW ivc zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc, igxqI Gt hox kwrn, muZlW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI[^cxlv

muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI Arz ’qy 8 sqMbr ƒ bwdSwh ny aus vl do qopW rvwnw krn dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ bwdSwh ny droZw-ie-qop^wnw nUM hukm id`qw ik auh do qopW Byj dyvy[(A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 8 sqMbr 1712)[

pr, Cy mhIny dy Gyry mgroN vI sFOrw muZlW dy kbzy ivc nw Aw sikAw[ A^Ir jd iklHy dy AMdr dwxw-pwxI mu`k igAw qW bMdw isMG iek rwq nUM Gyrw qoV ky au~QoN inkl igAw[

sqMbr dy A^Ir ivc kuJ is“K sFOrw qoN nwhn cly gey[ ie`QoN dy rwjy ny, muZlq bwdSwh nUM v&wdwrI dy vwAdy ’qy Aml vjoN &Iroz jMg ^wn ƒ is`KW dy iTkwixAW bwry ieqlwh ByjI[ ies dy nwl hI nwhn dI &Oj ny is`KW ’qy hmlw vI kr id`qw[ is`KW dI ies tolI nUM nwhn dy rwjy dI ZdwrI dw pqw nhIN sI ijs kr ky auh bhuq hYrwn hoey[ ^Yr, is`KW ny vI nwhn dIAW &OjW dw

^Ub twkrw kIqw, ijs nwl dohW iDrW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw[ auDroN &Iroz jMg ^wn vI phuMc igAw, pr aus dy Awaux qoN pihlW is`K A`gy inkl cuky sn[^cxlvi

AkqUbr dy SurU ivc is`KW ny bnUV nyVy C~q prgxy ivc hmlw kr ky kwzI Aqy muqs`dI kql kr idqy[ srhMd dy &Ojdwr dw ifptI jwn bcw ky dOV igAw[ &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn

Aihmd ^wn vI is`KW dy i^lw& koeI AYkSn nw lY sikAw[ bhwdr Swh ƒ mirAW A`T mhIny ho

cuky sn qy ies smyN dOrwn is`KW ny lohgVH, sFOrw qy srhMd dy duAwly iPr Awpxw bolbwlw kwiem kr ilAw sI[^cxlvii

bhwdr Swh ƒ mirAW A`T mhIny ho cuky sn qy nvyN bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh dy Aihd dOrwn is`KW ny lohgVH, sFOrw qy srhMd dy Awly-duAwly dy swry ielwky ivc iPr Awpxw bolbwlw kwiem kr ilAw sI[

jhWdwr ^wn dw kql qy &r`^sIAr dw bwdSwh bxnw

27 mwrc 1712 dy idn ptnw ivc jhWdwr Swh dy BqIjy &r`^sIAr (puqr AzImauSwn) ny ^ud dy bwdSwh hox dw AYlwn kr idqw[ ies mOky ’qy husYn AlI ^wn ibhwr sUby dw nwieb sUbydwr sI[ &r`^sIAr v`loN bwdSwhq dw AYlwx krn vyly husYn AlI ^wn ptnw ivc nhIN sI[ ies smyN &r`^sIAr dI mW husYn AlI ^wn dI mW kol geI qy aus nUM ikhw ik auh Awpxy pu`qr nUM &r`^sIAr dI mdd krn vwsqy AwKy[ aus ny ikhw ik husYn AlI qy aus dy Brw Abdu`lw ^wn (kuqb-aul-mulk) nUM srkwrI Ahudy &r`^sIAr dy bwp ny hI idvwey sn ies kr ky aunHW nUM vI

swfI mdd krnI cwhIdI hY[ pihlW qW husYn AlI ^wn dI mW ny koeI vwAdw nw kIqw pr jd aus ny roxw-ip`txw qy imMnqW krnIAW SurU kIqIAW qW auh mMn geI[^cxlviii

kuJ idnW bwAd husYn AlI vI ptnw phuMc igAw[ hux &r`^sIAr AwpxI mW nUM lY ky aus kol pu`jw qy kihx l`gw ik jw qW mYnUM igR&qwr kr ky bwdSwh kol Byj idE jW bwdSwhq idvwE[

mYN hkUmq dI Asl vwgfor quhwnUM sONp idAWgw[ aus ny do v`fy Ahudy: &Oj dw muKI Aqy b^SI dohW BrwvW nUM dyxy mMn ley[^cxlix pihlW husYn AlI qy iPr aus dw Brw Abdu`lw (jo Alwhwbwd

sUby dw nwieb sUbydwr sI) vI &r`^sIAr nwl iml igAw (ikauN ik jhWdwr Swh aus dI v&wdwrI ’qy S`k krdw sI)[ nvMbr ivc &r`^sIAr &Oj lY ky id`lI vl cl ipAw[ 17 nvMbr 1712 dy idn auh Awgrw nyVy SwmUgVH dy mYdwn ivc puj cukw sI[ ie`Qy jhWdr Swh dy keI jrnYl bhwny nwl id`lI ’coN iKsk ky &r`^sIAr nwl Aw imly[ pihly h`ly ivc hI koklqwS ^wn mwirAw igAw qy ‘rusqim ihMd’ z^mI ho igAw[ Swm vyly jhWdwr ^wn Awp vI n`s igAw qy isr& zul&kwr ^wn hI mYdwn ivc fitAw irhw[ A^Ir auh vI mukwblw nw kr sikAw qy id`lI ƒ B`j tuirAw[auDr &r`^sIAr 11 jnvrI 1713 ƒ id`lI puj igAw[ Asd ^wn ny &r`^sIAr nUM bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh dy lukx dI QW bwry ds idqw[ &r^sIAr ny sY& ^wn ƒ jhWdwr Swh qy zul&dwr ^wn dy isr v`F ky ilAwaux vwsqy ikhw[ ieM\ 31 jnvrI 1713 ƒ iek hor bwdSwh mwirAw igAw Aqy iek nvW bwdSwh &r`^sIAr id`lI dy q^q ’qy kwbz ho igAw[ &r`^sIAr jhWdwr Swh ’qy eynw ^&w sI ik aus ny mgroN 20 jUn nUM ieh hukm vI jwrI kIqw sI ik

“jhWdwr dI hkUmq dw smW ilKqW ’coN mys ky, hzrq bwdSwh (&r`^sIAr) dw rwj-vrHw, aus dy ptny ivc g`dI ’qy bYTx dy idn 29 s&r 1124, Xwin 27 mwrc 1712 qoN igixAw jwvy[”

&r`^sIAr v`loN Awpxy ipE dy kwql Abdus smd ^wn nUM muAw&I dy ky is`KW ip`Cy Byjxw

Abdus smd ^wn bwdSwh jhWdwr ^wn dw v&wdwr sI[ bhwdr Swh dI mOq mgroN, 3 mwrc

1712 dy idn hoeI lVweI ivc AzImun Swh (&r`^sIAr dy bwp) ƒ jMg ivc mwrn dI muihMm dw auhI muKI sI[ jhWdwr ^wn ny aus ƒ ies bdly “bhwdr” dw i^qwb vI idqw sI Aqy Cy hzwrI mnsb vI idqw sI[ ies ihswb nwl auh &r`^sIAr dy pihly drjy dy duSmxW ivc AwauNdw sI[ 26 jnvrI 1713 dy idn muhMmd AmIn ^wn bhwdr bwdSwh kol AwieAw Aqy aus XkIn qy ikhw ik Abdus smd ^wn (jo muhMmd AmIn ^wn dw kuVm sI) Awpxy gunwhW dI muAw&I mMgxw cwhMudw hY[ aus ny XkIn idvwieAw ik Abdus smd ^wn bwdSwh dw Zulwm bx ky rhygw[ bwdSwh ny aus ƒ XkIn idvwieAw ik auh Abdus smd ^wn ƒ muAw& kr dyvygw[ aus ny Abdus smd ^wn ƒ Agly idn iek`ilAW imlx vwsqy ikhw[ hukm pu`jx ‘qy 27 jnvrI nUM Abdus smd

^wn bwdSwh &r`^sIAr A`gy pyS hoieAw Aqy Awpxy jurmW dI muAw&I mMgI[ bwdSwh ny aus dI muAw&I kbUl kr leI Aqy iK`lq vI ByNt kIqI[^cl

11 &rvrI 1713 dy idn &r`^sIAr ny Abdus smd ^wn nUM jMmU dw &Ojdwr lw idqw Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& s^q AYkSn krn vwsqy hdwieq idqI[ 12 &rvrI dy idn aus nUM doAwbw dw

&Ojdwr vI bxw id`qw[ 14 &rvrI ƒ aus ƒ lwhOr dI sUbydwrI ’qy vI bhwl kr idqw igAw qy

Srq r`KI ik auh bMdw isMG qoN sFOrw qy lohgVH iklHy Koh lvy[ Abdus smd ^wn hux is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc iTlH ipAw[ mgroN 21 mwrc dy idn &r`^sIAr ny aus nUM ^q ilK ky srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd nwl rl ky bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm au~qy c`lx vwsqy ikhw[^cli

ienHW idnW ivc &r`^sIAr ny Awpxy v&wdwrW nUM sUbydwrIAW Aqy &OjdwrIAW vMfIAW[ aus ny lwhOr dy sUbydwr ienwiequ`lw dI QW AmIr-aul-aumrw AlI mrdwn ^wn (Swh jhwnI) dy poqry zbrdsq ^wn nUM lwhOr dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw (pr auh ivcwrw kuJ idn mgroN hI, meI dy qIjy h&qy ivc, mr igAw)[ 26 &rvrI nUM ierwdqmMd nUM eymnwbwd dw sUbydwr, 2 mwrc nUM sY&-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn nUM gujrwq dw &Ojdwr, qy iesy idn swdwq ^wn nUM kSmIr dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw igAw[ swdwq ^wn nUM qW Cy hzwrI-pMj hzwr dw mnsb vI id`qw igAw[

2 mwrc nUM hI &r`^sIAr v`loN rwjw AjIq isMh (joDpur) qy jY isMh svweI (jYpur-AMbyr) nUM pMj-hzwrI, pMj hzwr svwr dw mnsb b^Sy jwx dI ^uS^brI ByjI geI[^clii

10 mwrc 1713 dy idn &r`^sIAr nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K cklw srhMd dy bhuq swry prgixAW Aqy ipMfW ivc lu`t-mwr krdy hn[zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd Kwn &Ojdwr srhMd is`KW dw

kuJ vI nhIN ivgwV sikAw[ aultw &Ojdwr srhMd dy ispwhI lokW dw dwxw Aqy fMgr jbrI Koh ky lY jWdy sn[ ies kr ky srhMd dy lok au~QoN Bj rhy hn[^cliii

&r`^sIAr nUM d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG ny phwVW dIAW kuMdrW (ijhVIAW ihMdusqwn dy ielwikAW qy hkUmq qoN bwhr sn) ivcoN inkl ky lohgVH nUM muV mzbUq kr ilAw hY Aqy aus ielwky dIAW bsqIAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw hY[ aus dy lSkr vwly rwq nUM jw ky vIh qoN qIhW kohW

(60 qoN 90 iklomItr) qk lu`t-mwr krdy hn Aqy muslmwnW dy i&rk dw jo vI S^s aunHW nUM imldw hY kql kr dyNdy hn[ muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY^cliv ik ies AxoKI Gtnw dy Gtn nwl bwdSwh dy idl ivc fr bYT igAw qy eynw vihm ho igAw ik iliKAw nhIN jw skdw[ ies mOky ’qy kuqb-aul-mulk sXd hsn AlI Abduwlw ^wn, AmIr-aul-aumrw sXd husYn AlI ^wn, hwmId ^wn, smswm-aud-dOlw qy hor v`fy srdwr hwzr sn[ ies ’qy &r`^sIAr ny lwhOr dy sUbydwr Abdus smd ^wn nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy Byjx dw &slw kIqw[ 21 mwrc 1713 dy idn &r`^sIAr ny AmIr-aul-aumrw sXd husYn AlI ^wn rwhIN Abdus smd ^wn nUM ^q ilKvwieAw ik auh srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn nwl rl ky bMdw isMG ’qy hmlw kry[^clv

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk^clvi bwdSwh ny Awpxy hukm ivc ieh ilKvwieAw sI ik

“mhwn hkUmq dy mddgwr, v`fI slqnq dy ^ws S^s, v`fy srdwrW dy srdwr, mhwn reIsW dy kOmI srdwr, mukMml dwny S^s qy psMdIdw surq vwlw Absud smd ^wn, bwdSwhI rihmqW dw BwgI bx ky jwn lvy ik auh SwhI hukm pu`jx swr iF`l-m`T nw krdw hoieAw kihr dy mwirAW

nUM* (*is`KW nUM lohgVH qoN) bwhr k`Fx vwsqy clw jwvy ienwm ^wn bhwdr dI AgvweI hyT &qhmMd &OjW, ijnHW ivc s`q hzwr muZl svwr qy ds srdwr, ijnHW dw nwmvr vyrvw sUcI ivc zwhr kIqw igAw hY, Swiml hn, hkUmq dy aus kwbly-ieqbwr S^s* (*Abdus smd ^wn) dI &OjI mdd vjoN rvwnw kr id`qIAW hn[ hkUmq ’qy kurbwn hox vwsqy zrUrI g`l ieh hY ik auh iek dUjy dI nyk slwh nwl kMm kry, ^brdwrI Aqy sucyqqw nUM h`QoN nw jwx dyvy[ iek`ly-iek`l, Coty-v`fy dw ilhwz ieM\ kry ik iksy nUM koeI iSkwieq nw hovy[ aus jmwq* (*&Oj) dI qn^wh srhMd dy ^zwny izMmy muk`rr kIqI geI hY[ ies sbMDI vI qs`lI r`K ky auprokq muihMm nUM nypry cwVHn vwsqy pUrI koiSS kry[ auh jwx lvy ik muihMm dy pUrw hox ’qy aus dw pUrw siqkwr hovygw Aqy SwhI b^iSSW dw vDyry h`kdwr hovygw[”

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk AmIr-aul-aumrw sXd husYn AlI ^wn nUM vI hukm hoieAw ik auh swrIAW SwhI &OjW ivcoN bhwdur qy Swno-SOkq vwly ienwm ^wn nUM &qhmMd &OjW smyq Abdus smd ^wn dI &OjI mdd vwsqy rvwnw kry[ aus nwl jwx vwsqy nwmzd kIqy 13 jrnYl hyT ilKy sn: ^uSiksmq jwnS ^wn, dOlq byZ ^wn hzwrw, ierwdq ^wn, Arb AlI

^wn, mIr husYnI ^wn, s`Xd jvwd ^wn bu^wrI, imrzw muhMmd S&IA brlws, nwzr ^wn ^ySgI, vlIdwd ^wn Syrjwd, Syr ^wn, imrzw byg qurk, mIr musq&w qy zhUr aulw ^wn[^clvii

bMdw isMG dw nwhn ’qy hmlw

mwrc 1713 ivc bMdw isMG sFOrw ivc sI[ ienHIN idnIN aus ƒ pqw lgw ik nwhn dw rwjw muZlW nwl sOdybwzI kr ky irhw hoieAw sI qy iesy kr ky aus (rwjw nwhn) ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm vI SurU kr idqI hoeI sI[ nwhn dy rwjy nUM soDx vwsqy bMdw isMG ny 5-6 hzwr is`KW ƒ

nwl lY ky dwbr (lohgVH) qoN nwhn vl kUc kr idqw[ jd nwhn dy rwjy ƒ ies dI ^br imlI qW auh Sihr qoN dOV igAw qy bMdw isMG ny au~Qy fyrw lw ilAw[^clviii bwdSwh nUM 2 ApRYl 1713 dy idn

d`isAw igAw ik aunHW nUM nwhn ivc Kwx dw swmwn dI muSikl AweI sI[ A^Ir, au~QoN dy AmIrW-vzIrW ny coKI rkm dy ky bMdw isMG qoN muAw&I mMgI qy bMdw isMG qy aus dw swQI vwips lohgVH cly gey[

Abdus smd ^wn dw sFOrw ’qy hmlw

nwhn qoN lohgVH vwips muVn qoN iek h&qw mgroN bMdw isMG ny iek hzwr &OjI sFOryy Byj idqy[ is`KW ny lohgVH dy nwl-nwl sFOrw dw iklHw vI mzbUq kr ilAw[ hux aunHw ny sFOrw hI nhIN swry srhMd dy swry prgixAW ivc Awpxw hukm clwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ ies dOrwn zYn-

aud-dIn Aihmd Kwn &Ojdwr srhMd ny ielwky ƒ is`KW qoN mih&Uz rKx dI bVI koiSS kIqI pr is`KW dI qwkq A~gy auh itk nw sikAw qy auh aunHW dw kuJ vI nw ivgwV sikAw sI[^clix

sFOrw nUM Gyrw pwaux vwlI muZl &Oj dI igxqI keI hzwrW ivc sI[ ApRYl 1713 ivc hI

Gto-Gt 7000 muZl GoVsvwr sFOrw phuMc cuky sn qy aunHW dy jrnYlW mqwibk is`KW dw tkrw krn vwsqy eyny muZl &OjI kw&I nhIN sn qy hor mMgvwey jw rhy sn[^clx

22 jUn nUM Abdus smd ^wn, zYn-aud-dIn ^wn Aqy eInwm ^wn, iqMnW ny iml ky v`fI &Oj

lY ky sFOry dw iklHw Gyr ilAw[ aunHW ny iklyH dy duAwly KweIAW pu`t leIAW Aqy morcy pu`t ley[^clxi

sFOrw ngr dw izkr kridAW muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik sFOrw dIAW eImwrqW p`kIAW ie`tW dIAW bxIAW hoeIAW qy bySumwr sn[ bMdw isMG ny ies ksby dy AwlyduAwly dy swry ielwky nUM Fih-FyrI kr C`ifAw sI[ aus dy swry mzbUq P`ty Aqy l`kVW (jo Fhy GrW ivcoN inkldy sn) gVHI dIAW nIhW ivc Br id`qy[ ies qrHW aus ny gVHI nUM mzbUqI b^S id`qI sI[

aus dw i^Awl sI ik qop Aqy rihkilAW dy goly nukswn nhIN phuMcw skxgy Aqy kMDW nUM pwV vI nhIN lg skygw[^clxii

22 jUn dy idn, Xwin pihly idn hI, is`KW ny Acwnk hmlw kr id`qw[ ies lVweI ivc ienwm ^wn Aqy aus dw Brw bkw byZ ^wn vI z^mI hoey jW mwry gey sn[^clxiii muhMmd kwism

AOrMgwbwdI dsdw hY ik rwq vyly is`KW ny Pyr hmlw kIqw Aqy ^Ub lVweI hoeI[ ijs ivc 152 is`K mwry gey[^clxiv muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI iek hor lVweI dw izkr krdw hY ijs dI q&sIl

ies auprlI lVweI nwl imldI hY[ aus muqwibk iek lVweI 2 GVIAW (qkrIbn 50 imMt) hoeI

sI[ ies ivc kdy muZl hwvI ho jWdy sn qy kdy is`K[ ies lVweI ivc dohW iDrW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI[^clxv

ienHW dohW muslmwn soimAW ny mwry gey muZl &OjIAW dI igxqI nhIN d`sI, pr B`t vhIAW muqwibk auh hzwrW dI igxqI ivc mwry gey sn[ B`t vhIAW muqwibk ShId hox vwly

is`KW ivc BweI mnI isMG dy iqMny poqy: BweI Albyl isMG qy mohr isMG (dovyN puqr BweI audY isMG) Aqy sYxw isMG (puqr BweI icqr isMG) vI Swiml sn[^clxvi

sFOry ’qy iek idn dy hmly dw izkr krdw muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik “lSkr dy bhwdurW ny, aus gVHI dI mzbUqI nUM A`Ko-proKy kr ky hmlw kr id`qw[ aunHW (is`KW) ny Acwnk hI mnhUs gVHI ivcooN inkl ky 25 jrIb (Xwin 500 mItr) bwhr inkl ky, aus &qhmMd lSkr dy jrnYl nwl mukwblw kIqw[ koeI iek pihr (3 GMty) qk lVweI BKI rhI[ &qhmMd lSkr dy bhwdr rusqm vW| lV rhy sn[ so rx-Kyqr ivc aunHW swry mrdUdW ivcoN 691 AwdmI jhMnum ivc cly gey[ kql qoN bcy bMdy gVHI, ijs nUM t`tI-^wny ikhw jw skdw hY, ivc jw vVy[ &qhmMd lSkr ivcoN jwnS ^wn dw Brw mIr bzurg bhwdrI nwl lVdw hoieAw 25 mnsbdwrW smyq ShId ho igAw[ imrzw Abdu`lw b^SI, jo ienwm ^wn dy sbMDIAW ivcoN sI, vI 16 AwdmIAW sxy ShId ho igAw[ aus groh dy hor bhuq swry AwdmI bhwdurI dw iezhwr krdy hoey jwn-lyvw z^mW sihq ShId ho gey Aqy bhuqy Shwdq dw jwm pI gey[ au~cy ruqby vwlw s`Xd hwsm ^wn,

ijhVw Abdus smd ^wn dw kwbly-ieqbwr swQI sI, &qhmMd lSkr dI ingrwnI vwsqy A`gy ho ky lVn igAw sI, vI ShId ho igAw[”^clxvii

15 julweI	ƒ muZl	&OjW ny Awpxy morcy	iklHy dy nyVy lY AWdy[ 17 julweI nUM bwdswh nUM
d`isAw igAw ik muZl &OjW ny fMifAW vwlIAW			700 pOVIAW bxweIAW Aqy iklyH dI kMD t`px dw
plwn bxwieAw	sI, pr,	kwmXwb nw ho sky sn[ iklHy ’qy kbzw krn vwsqy aunHW ƒ A`T h&qy

aufIk krnI peI sI[

31 julweI 1713 dy idn bhuq bwirS peI[ swrw idn qy rwq nUM vI mINh pYNdw irhw[ rwq vyly kuJ is`K iklHy ivcoN inkly Aqy bwhr peI muZlW dI iek qop nUM r`sy pw ky iklHy ivc iljwaux dI koiSS kIqI, pr auh kwmXwb nw ho sky ikauN ik iK`c ky iljWidAW auh KweI ivc if`g peI ijs nwl bVI zor dI Awvwz AweI[ ies mgroN is`K iklHy v`l B`j gey[ mgroN muZl jrnYlW ny jvwnW nUM coKY pYsy dy ky ieh qop bwhr kFvweI Aqy bhuq hI muSikl nwl dobwrw itkwxy ’qy

ilAWdI[ pr jyT m`l muqwibk is`KW ny ies	nUM muZl	ispwhIAW dy auqy	su`t ky aunHW	dy 8	jvwn
mwr id`qy sn[ muZlW ny bVI muSikl nwl dobwrw aus qop nUM itkwxy ’qy ilAw r`iKAw[^clxviii
muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik	koeI idn	Aijhw nhIN sI	ik is`K gVHI	ivcoN	inkl

ky hryk pwisAW dy moricAW ’qy tut ky nhIN sI pYNdy qy qlvwrW nwl jMg krdy sn[ iek idn

A`DI rwq vyly aunHW ny gVHI ivcoN inkly Acwnk Abdus smd ^wn dy moricAW ’qy Dwvw bol id`qw Aqy Zzb dI qrQ`lI mcw id`qI[ dohW iDrW dIAW qopW, rihkilAW, rwktW qy goilAW dIAW AwvwzW ibjlI dI kVk vW| gVHkx lgIAW[ is`K ^Ub qlvwrW vwh rhy sI[ pihlW qW muZl &OjI kuJ kdr hwr gey sn[ pr, s`Xd hwSm ^wn Aqy mIr bwbw ^wn Awpxy pu`qrW, BweIAW

Aqy swQIAW sxy au~Qy pu`j gey Aqy bVI bhwdrI nwl lVweI kIqI[ iek GVI qk prlo Aw geI[ ies lVweI ivc 200 qoN vD is`K mwry gey qy bwkI dy gVHI v`l B`j gey[^clxix

muZl &OjW ny sFOrw dw iklHw iqMn pwisAW qoN pUrI qrHW GyirAw hoieAw sI[ ies dw iek pwsw KulHw sI, ijDroN is`K qIrW qy kmwnW nw inkldy sn Aqy Awpxy GoVy, m`JW qy bldW nUM Gwh Awid crwauNdy sn[ ies qoN ielwvw auh Gwh vZYrw nUM k`t ky iklHy dy AMdr vI lY jWdy sn[ muZl

&OjI aunHW nUM vyK ky A`KW dUjy pwsy BuAw lYNdy sn[ muZl &OjIAW kol eynw hOslw nhIN sI ik auh

GoVy dOVw ky is`KW nUM cYlMj kr skx[ dUjy pwsy is`K hmySw muZlW nUM vMgwrdy sn qy aunHW ’qy hmly krdy sn[ ieM\ hr roz 5-7 muZl &OjI mwry jWdyy sn[ Agsq dy SurU ivc eIsy ^wn dI kmwn hyT nvIN &Oj AweI qy ies mgroN aus cOQy pwsy ’qy vI 500 GoVsvwr Aqy 200 bMdUkcI aus pwsy

lw id`qy gey sn[ auh iklHy dy bhuq nzdIk qweInwq kiqy gey sn[ ies nwl is`KW dw ieh rsqw bMd ho igAw[ hux cwry pwsy muZl GoVsvwr gSq krn lgpey sn[^clxx

ies mgroN iek rwq auh gVHI ivc sMnH lw ky jMgl v`l (Xwin lohgVH) v`l cly gey[ ies mgroN muZl &OjW dw iklHy ’qy kbzw ho igAw[

sFOrw dy iklHy ivc kul 1000 is`K sn[ ienHW ivcoN 691 iek idn mwry gey sn, 152 iek

hor idn mwry gey sn qy qIjI lVweI ivc 200 hor mwry gey sn[ muhMmd kwism muqwibk 1043 is`K qW ienHW iqMn mOikAW ’qy hI mwry gey sn[^clxxi 31 julweI 1713 dy idn jd bhuq bwirS pY rhI sI qW 500 pYdl qy 500 GoVsvwr is`K ikLHy ivc Aw gey sn[^clxxii ies mgroN vI lVweIAW

huMdIAW rhIAW sn[ aunHw ivc vI kw&I is`K mwry gey hoxgy[ jy ieh AMkVy shI hn qW sFOrw dy iklHy ivc pihlW dy Aqy 31 julweI dy iklw ky kul 2000 dy krIb is`K sn ijnHW ivcoN msW do-

iqMn sOo hI bcy hoxgy, jo iek rwq iklHy dI iek kMF pwV ky lohgVH jwx ivc kwmXwb ho sky

_hoxgy[clxxiii

sFOrw dy iklHy ’qy kbzw krn mgroN Abdus smd ^wn ny ies iklHy nUM Fuhwauxw SurU kr

id`qw qW jo is`KW dw ieh if&YNs sdw vwsqy ^qm ho jwvy[ 24 sqMbr 1713 nUM bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik sFOry dw iklHw qbwh kr id`qw igAw hY[^clxxiv ies mOky ’qy mwry gey 6 sO is`KW dy isr

ktvw ky ^wn ny bwdSwh ƒ jw pyS kIqy[ 27 sqMbr ƒ bwdSwh ny Abdus smd ^wn dI ^Ub qwrI& kIqI qy aus ƒ ^ws iK`lq ByNt kIqI[

muhMmd kwism muqwibk sFOrw* dy iklHy nUM swFy s`q mhIny qk Gyrw ipAw irhw[ pr ieh shI nhIN[ ieh Gyrw 22 jUn nUM ipAw sI Aqy qkrIbn iqMn mhIny ivc hI ies ’qy muZl &OjW dw

kbzw ho cukw sI[ auh ilKdw hY ik bMdw isMG ny ies dw nW ‘AjwiebgVH’ r`iKAw hoieAw

_sI[clxxv

lohgVH iklyH qy SwhI &Oj dw qIjw hmlw

bMdw isMG nUM pqw sI ik muZl &OjW ny sFOrw qy kbzw kr ilAw hY Aqy hux aunHW ny lohgVH

’qy hmlw krnw hI hY ies kr ky aus ny hiQAwrW qoN isvw pey bwkI swry swmwn, ijs dI lVweI

ivc vrqoN nhIN hoxI sI, nUM au~QoN pwaUNtw swihb (lohgVH qoN 12 koh dUr, Xwin 25 iklomItr dUr) Byj id`qw hoieAw sI[^clxxvi

sFOrw ij`qx mgroN Abdus smd ^wn lohgVH ’qy hmlw krnw cwhuMdw sI[ pr aus dy swQIAW ny ies nUM ij`qx ivc nwaumIdI idKweI ikauN ik auh Agsq 1713 ivc ies iklHy vl vDx vwlIAW muZl &Oj dIAW tolIAW dw hSr jwx cuky sn[ ies kr ky ^wn ny lohgVH ’qy hmlw

krn dw &Yslw mulqvI kr id`qw[ ies iF`l ny bMdw isMG nUM iklHy nUM mzbUq krn dw mOkw dy id`qw[ aus ny dIvwrW hor mzbUq kr leIAW, burj Aqy morcy bxw ley[^clxxvii

21 Agsq 1713 dy idn muZl &OjW dI iek AgwaUN tolI (AYfvWs gru`p) lohgVH dy phwVW vl vDI sI[ ieh &OjI bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW dI mwr hyT Aw gey sn[ aunHW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI[ Gto-Gt 40 muZl &OjI mwr gey sn, 20 z^mI hoey sn qy 35 is`KW dy kbzy ivc Aw gey sn[ ijhVy bc gey sn auh swrw kuJ au~Qy hI C`f ky AwpxI jwx bcwaux vwsqy dOV gey sn[ muZlW dy 100 GoVy, 30 aUT, 40 m`JW, 200 dUjy jwnvr vI bMdw isMG dy swQIAW dy h`Q l`gy sn[ ienNHw idnW ivc hI muZl &OjW dy iek jrnYl mohkm isMh dI mOq dI ^br ny muZlW ivc byidlI &Ylw id`qI[ ies nwl bMdw isMG dy swQIAW dy hOsly vD gey Aqy auh hor dlyrI nwl A`gy vDx lg pey[ ieM\ hI 29 Agsq 1713 dy idn 200 muZl ispwhI gSq kr rhy sn[ jd aunHW ny is`K AwauNdy vyKy qW auh dOV gey, pr aunHW dw muKI jmWdwr bloc ^wn lVdw mwirAw igAw[

cwr hor muKI vI mwry gey sn[ is`K ienHW dy isr v`F ky lY gey[ ieh ^brW muZlW nUM lohgVH ’qy iek dm hmlw krn qoN rokx dw kwrn bxIAW sn[

12 AkqUbr 1713 ƒ &r`^sIAr bwdSwh ƒ vI d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG fwbr (lohgVH)

ivc bYTw hY[ aus ny iklyH dI murMmq krvw leI hY Aqy auh jMg vwsqy iqAwrI kr irhw

_hY[clxxviii

&r`^sIArnwmw Aqy kwmvr ^wn dy qzikrwqul slwqIn-ie-cg`qw dw hvwlw dyNdw hoieAw iervn ilKdw hY ik bMdw isMG ny lohgVH iklHy nUM kmwl dy qrIky nwl mzbUq kIqw hoieAw sI[

aus ny duSmx dI &Oj nUM lohgVH iklHy dy isKr qk phuMcx vwsqy rwh ivc 52 moricAW ’qy lVnw pYxw sI[^clxxix Xwin swry 52 ipMfW ivc hI iklHw rUpI morcwbdI kIqI hoeI sI qy hr QW qopW

r`KIAW hoeIAW sn[ ieh swrIAW sur`iKAw cONkIAW ies dUjy nUM ih&wzq dyNdIAW sn[ iklHy v`l jwx vwly nUM ienHW cONkIAW dI &wieirMg dw swhmxw krnw pYxw sI, Xwin lohgVH ’qy kbzw krn qoN pihlW 52 lVweIAW lVnIAW pYxIAW sn[

kuJ idn rukx mgroN, AkqUbr dy Aw^rI idnW ivc Abdus smd ^wn ny lohgVH v`l kUc kr id`qw[ aus ny ieh pYNfw 14 idnW ivc qYA kIqw[ pr aunHW ny iklHy ’qy hmlw nhIN kIqw[

eyny icr ivc zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), eInwm ^wn qy zkrIAw ^wn (puqr Abdus smd ^wn sUbydwr lwhOr) vI Aw rly[ ienHW ny rl ky 13 nvMbr 1713 dy idn qopW nwl iklyH ’qy hmlw SurU kr idqw[ ies lVweI ivc Abdus smd ^wn dw b^SI hwjI kmwl qy

hor bhuq swry muZl &OjI mwry gey qy srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Ahmd ^wn dw BqIjw AbU-aul-muk`rm, &qh ^wn qy hor bhuq swry sInIAr A&sr qy jrnYl burI qrHW z^mI hoey[^clxxx

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ies hmly dw izkr ieM\ krdw hY {jwpdw hY ik aus dI ilKq dy do s&y A`gV-ipCV ho gey sn jW &wrsI qoN qrjmw krn vwly koloN ho gey hox ikauN ik aus ivc sFOrw Aqy lohgVH dIAW lVweIAW dw hwl rl-g`f hoieAw nzr AwauNdw hY[ mYN ies nUM vKrw kr ky qy qrqIb bxw ky, pr ibnw iksy qbdIlI dy, pyS kIqw hY}:

“so kuJ idnW bwAd mnhUs dy mkwn ’qy (Xwin iklHw lohgVH dy bwhr) pu`j ky bhuq jMg hox mgroN pUrI mzbUqI nwl morcwbMdI kr leI[ cwr idnW qk bMdUkW Aqy rwktW nwl jMg huMdI rhI[ &qihmMd lSkr dy Aksr bhwdur jwn-lyvw mYdwn-ie-jMg ivc ShId ho gey[ ikauN ik kihr dy mwry hoey dw iklHw bhuq aucweI ’qy sI Aqy aus dy Awly-duAwly dr^qW dy JuMf qy p`Qr hI sn qy fUMGIAW kMdrW sn[ ies kr ky prW vwly (Xwin &irSqy) ivc vI qwkq nhIN sI ik aus jMgl ivc aufwrI mwr sky, iPr ienswn qy GoVw Awid dI kI mjwl hY ik aus ^qry nwl BrI vwdI nUM pwr kr sky[ koeI 15-16 it`ly ndI dy swhmxy iklHy dy s`jy qy K`by h`Q sn[ ^wn ny eynI golwbwrI kIqI sI ik jy soicAw jwvy qW &irSqy dy KMB vI jl-bl rhy sn[ … swrw phwV qy jMgl sVHWd dI bhuqwq sdkw t`tI^wny vW| bixAw ipAw sI; blik K`jl-KuAwrI kwrn aus jMgl dy pMCI qy jMglI jwnvr iksy hor bIAwbwn vl cly gey[ au~pr iliKAw bdb^q (Xwin bMdw isMG) Awpxy itkwxy qoN B`j ky br&I rwjy (Xwin nwhn rwjy) dI h`d, jo ik ihMduswn dI slqnq qoN bwhr hY, ivc jw viVAw[“ {hyTW lohgVH dI pihlI phwVI dI ij`q qoN mgroN dw idRS hY}:

“hkUmq dy BrosyXog qy bwdSwh dy krIbI Abdus smd ^wn bhwdur nusrq jMg ny GoVy, hwQI, qMbU, qop^wnw qy su`K-cYn dy swzo-smwn Awid sB kuJ lohgVH hI C`f id`qw Aqy bwkI vDIAw bMdUkW qy jMgjUAW nUM (Xwin auprlIAW phwVIAW ’qy) nwl lY igAw[ Abdus smd ^wn ^ud pYdl qy CwauxI dy bhwdur dsqUr muqwibk do mMzlW qk dr^qW qy p`QrW nUM BMndy hoey aus dw ip`Cw krn vwsqy rwq nUM c`l pey[ drAsl Cy mMzlW sn Aqy aunHW ny cOdW idn ivc pYNfw qYA kIqw sI[ Aw^rkwr bdb^qW (Xwin is`KW) nUM du`K phuMcwaux (Xwin bMdw isMG qy aus dy jrnYlW nUM mwrn) dw i^Awl pUrw nw hoieAw, pr lu`t dw bhuq mwl h`Q l`igAw[ so keI Aijhw AwdmI

nhIN sI ijhVw lONg, lwcIAW, cMgIAW cIzW, bwnwq, kIm^wb, lwhOr dy buxy hoey k`pVy qy lwicAW dIAW pMfW bMnH ky, sonw-cWdI, BWfy, Zulwm qy fMgr-pSU nw ilAwieAw hovy[“ ^clxxxi

lohhVH dIAW pihlI prq dIAW phwVIAW ’qy is`K &OjW muZl &OjW dw mukwblw krdIAW rhIAW, pr aunHW kol eynw Aslw nhIN sI ik auh eyfI v`fI qy pUrI qrHW hiQAwrbMd &Oj dw lMmw smW twkrw kr skdy; ies kr ky kuJ idn dI lVweI mgroN muZl &OjW ny lohgVH dw auh ih`sw kbzy ivc kr ilAw[ bMdw isMG, auprlIAW phwVIAW ivc sI, qy muZl &OjW vwsqy au~Qy jwxw sOKw nhIN sI, qy bMdw isMG ny bc ky inkl qW jwxw hI sI[ so, ieh kihxw ik muZlW ny swrw lohgVH ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI, shI nhIN hY[ aunHW ny qW kuJ phwVIAW ’qy hI kbzw kIqw sI[

phwVIAW dI pihlI qih kbzy ivc lYx mgroN muZl jrnYlW nUM hYrwn hoeI ik auprlIAW phwVIAW ivcoN koeI hmlw nhIN ho irhw sI[ aunHW nUM smJ lg geI ik muZl &OjW nUM lohgVH dI lVweI ivc aulJw ky bMdw isMG qy aus dy swry muKI jrnYl bc ky inkl gey sn[ muZl &OjW lohgVH ij`qx nwhIN AweIAW sn[ auh qW bMdw isMG nuUM igR&qwr krn jW mwrn Awey sn[ bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwxw kwrn auh iek vwr Pyr hwr gey[

bMdw isMG 1713 ivc lohgVH qoN ikauN inkl ky igAw sI?

svwl kIqw jw skdw hY ik aus vyly bMdw isMG kol nw qW Anwj dI kmI sI qy nw hI Aslw ^qm ho igAw sI, iPr bMdw isMG ibnw lVweI kIqy lohgVH qoN ikauN clw igAw? ies dw jvwb ieh hY ik bMdw isMG iek cOVyry pYNqry ’qy cl irhw sI[ aus dw inSwnw lohgVH dI iek

CotI jhI lVweI ij`qxw nhIN sI[ auh muZlW nUM lgwqwr jMg dy mYdwn ivc ru`Jy r`Kxw cwhuMdw sI qW jo auh Qk jwx, &OjIAW dIAW qn^whW qy Aslw, ^urkw qy hor ^ricAW ivc aunHW dw ^zwnw ^wlI ho jwvy, bwdSwh Aqy muZl AmIrW dy idlW ivc hr vyly fr bixAw rhy Aqy muZlIAw slqnq dy A&srW vwsqy gVbV dw mwhOl bixAw rhy[

30 nvMbr 1710 dy idn jd auh lohgVH dy iklHy qoN clw igAw qW aus dw kwrn iehI sI[ auh keI mhIny qk lV skdw sI[ auh lohgVH qoN clw igAw qy muZl jrnYl Aqy &OjI keI idnW qk musIbq ivc Psy rhy, inzwm nUM ies muihMm vwsqy bhuq swrw pYsw ^rc krnw ipAw, qy bwdSwh iksy hor kwrvweI vl iDAwn nw dy sikAw[ bMdw isMG v`loN pYdw kIqy fr Aqy qrwh ny bwdSwh nUM pwZl bxw id`qw[ieh myZlIAw slqnq dI qbwhI dw AwZwz sI[ iPr auh dUjI vwr sqMbr 1712 ivc vI auh ibnw lVy qoN lohgVH qoN clw igAw[ aus vwr vI bwdSwh ny muhMmd AkIn ^wn qy sYNkVy muZl jrnYlW qoN ielwvw jYpur qy joDpur dy rwijAW nUM ies muihMm ivc Swiml kIqw hoieAw sI[ ies vwr vI SwhI ^zwny ivcoN bhq swrI rkm ^rc hoeI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw bwdSwh nUM pUrb Aqy gujrwq dw mwlIAw jYpur Aqy joDpur dy rwijAW dy hvwly krnw ipAw sI[ ies qIjI vwr (nvMbr 1713 ivc) vI lwhor qy mulqwn dy sUbydwr Aqy srhMd dy &Ojdwr dIAW hzwrW &OjW, sFOrw Aqy lohgVH ’qy kbzw krn vwsqy keI mhIny ru`JIAW rhIAW, pr auh bMdw isMG nUM iPr vI igR&qwr nw kr sky[ Xwin, ies vwr vI Asl ivc auh jMg hwr gey[ jy mwrc 1715 ivc bMdw isMG Awpxy Awp nUM gurdws nMgl ivc bMd krn dI ZlqI nw krdw qW nqIjy bhuq vKry hoxy sn; aus ny 1720 qk Gto-Gt pMjwb ivc qW muZlW dI slqnq dw Bog pw dyxw sI[ auN\ jy kr audYpur, jYpur Aqy joDpur rwjpUq rwjy aus dI g`l mMn ky bZwvq kr dyNdy qW audoN hI swry d`KxI eySIAw ivcoN muZlIAw slqnq dw s&wieAw ho jwxw sI[ bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI Aqy ShIdI nwl aus dI lVweI ^qm nhIN ho geI sI[ bMdw isMG qoN mgroN is`KW dI j`dojihd vI bMdw isMG dI muihMm dw hI ih`sw sI[

ies lVweI ivc qkrIbn nON sO is`K mwry gey sn[ 29 nvMbr ƒ ienHW is`KW dy isr lY ky

Abdus smd ^wn dw pu`qr zkrIAw ^wn bwdSwh kol hwizr hoieAw[ is`KW dy isrW ƒ nyizAW ’qy tMg ky id`lI dy cWdnI cOk bwzwr ’c numwieS lweI geI[ 5 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny zkrIAw ^wn ƒ iK`lq, ijgh Aqy inSwn Byt kIqw[ bwdSwh ny aus dy bwp Abdus smd ^wn dw mnsb vI

FweI hzwr dI QW iqMn hzwr zwq qy iek hzwr svwr kr idqw[ aus ƒ iek ngwrw vI eInwm idqw igAw[ pihloN, 19 nvMbr nUM bwdSwh ny kmwaUN dy zmINdwr rwjw bwz bhwdr cMd ny vI 228

is`KW qy horW dy k`ty hoey n`k Byj ky iek hwQI, iek qlvwr qy ijgh-klgI dw eInwm ilAw

_sI[clxxxii

ieh lVweI lohgVH iklHw dI Aw^rI lVweI sI[ lohgVH dI lVweI drAsl Gto-Gt 3 swl (nvMbr 1710 qoN nvMbr 1713 qk) lgwqwr cldI rhI sI (ies ip`CoN vI ie`Qy keI JVpW huMdIAW rhIAW sn , Xwin muZl 6 swl qk ies iklHy dy iksy vI ih`sy ’qy kwbz nhIN ho sky sn)[ ies dOrwn iqMn v`fIAW lVweIAW lVIAW geIAW sn[ pihlI lVweI (nvMbr 1710) ivc iek l`K qoN vD &OjI Swiml sn (iek AMdwzy muqwibk ies ivc do qoN iqMn l`K qk muZl &OjI Swiml sn) qy ienHW dI AgvweI qy ingrwnI muZl bwdSwh Awp, aus dy cwr Sihzwdy, sYNkVy muZl jrnYL qy keI ihMdU rwjy kr rhy sn[

dUjI lVweI (sqMbr 1712) ivc lVI geI sI[ ies dI AgvweI muZl &OjW dw muK jrnYl muhMmd AmIn ^wn qy qIjI lVweI (AkqUbr nvMbr 1713) dI AgvweI Abdus smd ^wn (sUbydwr lwhOr), zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), eInwm ^wn Aqy zkrIAw ^wn (jo mgroN lwhOr dw sUbydwr bixAw) kr irhw sI[ ies qIjI v`fI lVweI qoN mgroN bMdw isMG BwvyN jMmU v`l clw igAw sI, pr hzwrW is`K &OjI Ajy vI lohgVH qy srhMd dy ivckwr mOjUd sn[ auh

SwhI cOkIAW ’qy hmly krdy rihMdy sn qy AmIrW qy vzIrW nUM l`utdy rihMdy sn[ bwdSwh nUM 17

ApRYl, 7 meI, 29 meI, 12 jUn, 9 qy 10, 18 qy 19 julweI 1714 dy idn ies sbMDI ^brW id`qIAW jWdIAW rhIAW sn[

lohgVH iklHy ’qy muZlW dw Asl kbzw qW bMdw isMG dI ShIdI (jUn 1716) qoN mgroN, lohgVH dy ielwky ivc bcy-Kucy swry is`K ShId krn mgroN hI hoieAw sI, jd aunHW ny ies nUM Fwhuxw SurU kr id`qw sI (qy ies nUM Fwhux vwsqy vI 20 swl qoN vD smW l`gw sI)[

&r`^sIAr v`loN Abdus smd ^wn dw iek mhwn jyqU nUM id`qy jwx vwlw SwhI iesqkbwl (suAwgq)

bhwdr Swh Aqy jhWdwr Swh vWg &r`^sIAr ƒ vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm eynI Aihm jwpdI sI ik auh ies msly ƒ pihl dy ADwr ’qy ivcwirAw krdw sI[ ies kr ky auh muhMmd

AmIn ^wn Aqy Abdus smd ^wn dw ^ws i^Awl rKdw sI[A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw (21 &rvrI 1714 dI irport) muqwibk bwdSwh ny do gurj brdwr lohgV v`l Byjy qW jo auh ie`zq-mwx nwl Abdus smd ^wn nUM bwdSwh qk lY ky Awaux[ {ies qoN ieh vI pqw lgdw hY ik nvMbr ivc lohgVH iklHy ’qy kbzw krn mgroN iqMn mhIny qk, &rvrI 1714 qk, Abdus smd ^wn au~Qy bYTw irhw sI}[

jd Abdus smd ^wn &r`^sIAr ƒ imlx vwsqy id`lI Awaux vwlw sI qW bwdSwh ny Awpxy slwhkwrW qoN pu`iCAw ik jd koeI jrnYl v`fI ij`q hwisl kr ky AwauNdw hY qW aus nUM ikvyN ‘jI AiweAW’ ikhw jWdw hY[ bwdSwh ny pu`iCAw ik jd Asd ^wn jMjI qoN Aqy ^wn jhwn bhwdr bMgwl qoN ij`qW hwisl kr ky Awey sn qW aunHW jrnYlW nUM, A`goN ho ky ‘jI AwieAW’ kihx, iks

Ahudy dw A&sr igAw sI[ pqw lwaux mgroN bwdSwh ny Awp idlcspI lY ky hdwieqW idqIAW ik aus (Abdus smd ^wn) ƒ A`gy ho ky Swn qy mwx nwl jI AwieAW AwiKAw jwvy[ aus ny mIr

jumlw dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh dIvwny-Kws dy bUhy ’qy jw ky Abdus smd ^wn nUM jI AwieAW AwKy

Aqy bwdSwh kol lY ky Awvy[^clxxxiii jd ^wn AwieAw qW bwdSwh ny aus dI ip`T QwpVI Aqy ^ws iK`lq qy ijgh-klgI dI b^iSS kIqI[ iesy qrHW 3 mwrc 1714 ƒ eIsy ^wn mM\ ƒ is`KW dy i^lw& mwArkw mwrn bdly l`KI jMgl dI &OjdwrI qy jwgIr p`kI kr idqI geI Aqy nwl hI aus dw mnsb vI iek hzwr-nON sO vDw idqw[ is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’c rol Adw krn bdly bwdSwh ny hornW ƒ vI ^ws eInwm b^iSS kIqy[

BweI &iqh isMG dI ShIdI

Agsq 1713 dy dUjy h&qy ivc is`K &OjW ny BweI &qih isMG dI AgvweI ivc bloh dy ielwky ivc muihMm SurU kIqI hoeI sI[ sUbw kSmIr dy nwizm swdwq ^wn dy nwieb (ifptI) muhMmd AlI ^wn dI &Oj ny, bloh dy rwjy dIndwr dI &Oj nwl iml ky, is`K &OjW ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ is`K &OjIAW ny BwrI &Oj vyK ky jMgl ivc Cupx dI koiSS kIqI pr muZl &OjW dw Gyrw bVw zbrdsq sI[ A^Ir dohW iDrW ivc jMg hoeI[ ies jMg ivc 200 muZl ispwhI Aqy iek hzwr is`K vI, sxy BweI &qih isMG (ijs nUM bMdw isMG ny smwxw dw sUbydwr bxwieAw sI) dy, ShId ho gey[ BweI &qih isMG dw isr v`F ky kSmIr sUby dy nwieb (ifptI) muhMmd AlI ^wn

ƒ ByijAw igAw[ ies dI ^br bwdSwh &r`^sIAr ƒ 16 Agsq 1713 dy idn imlI[ aus ny ies nwieb sUbydwr dw mnsb 5 sO zwq qy iek sO svwr vDw idqw[^clxxxiv

bMdw isMG bhwdr dIAW Aw^rI lVweIAW

lohgVH qoN inkly ky bMdw isMG ikDr igAw bwry spSt nhIN huMdw[ kuJ icr ieh crcw cldw irhw ik auh cMbw phuMc igAw hY[ pr, A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw muqwibk bMdw isMG

j`lwpur (izlHw murwdwbwd) phuMc igAw sI qy bwdSwh ny murwdwbd dy &Ojdwr nUM aus ’qy kwrvweI krn vwsqy pYZwm ByijAw sI[^clxxxv pr ieh shI nhIN jwpdw ikauN ik pihlI g`l qW murwdwbwd

izlHw ivc j`lwpur nW dw koeI ipMf nhIN; dUjw murwdwbwd izlHw ivc idlwrI qihsIl ivc iek jlwlpur Kwlsw zrUr hY, pr ieh lohgVH qoN 300 iklomItr dUr hY[ dUjw, A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw muqwibk hI, 14 dsMbr 1713 dy idn bwdSwh ny hmId ^wn nUM murwdwbwd jwx Aqy bwZIAW nUM szw dyx vwsqy hukm ByijAw, Aqy, iesy smyN hI bwdSwh ny ^wn bhwdr muz`&r jMg nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm hyT lohgVH ByijAw[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik murwdwbwd ivc is`K &OjW dI iksy tolI ny kwrvweI kIqI hoxI hY nw ik bMdw isMG Awp au~Qy igAw sI[ bwdSwh nUM pihlI mwrc 1714 dy idn d`isAw igAw ik is`K &OjIAW ny srhMd dy ielwky ivc lu`tmwr kIqI sI[ aunHW dI qwkq eynI sI ik srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ny AwpxI &OOj Byj ky, aunHW nwl lVweI kr ky aunHw nUM BjwieAw sI[

11 mwrc 1714 dy idn bwdSwh nUM cklw jMmU dy ies&MdXwr dy ^q qoN pqw l`gw ik cMby dw rwjy dy pySkwr Aqy nUrpur dy rwjy dy vkIlW ny Abdul AzIm nwieb &Ojdwr nUM d`isAw sI ik bMdw isMG iek bVI v`fI &Oj nwl rwm isMh jbovwl dy qw`lukw dy ipMf vW ivc TihirAw hoieAw hY[ auh ie`QoN kql bihlvwl v`loN btwlw nUM jwxw cwhuMdw hY[ bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik Abdul AzIm kol aunHW dw mukwblw krn vwsqy &Oj nhIN hY qy iksy phwVI rwjy ny aus dI mdd nhIN kIqI; ies kr ky auh mjbUr hY[

8 mwrc 1714 dy idn bwdSwh ƒ ieh ^br idqI geI ik eymnwbwd dy &Ojdwr ierwdqmMd

^wn ny is`KW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw hoieAw hY[ is`K kwbl, kSmIr, lwhOr qy gujrwq dy ielwikAW ivc lutmwr krdy hn Aqy ies mwl qy ^zwny ivcoN auh ierwdqmMd ^wn ƒ A`Dw ih`sw dy dyNdy hn[ ^br ivc ieh vI ikhw igAw ik &Ojdwr mwlIAw, cuMgI qy hor srkwrI ^zwny ivc

vI hyrw PyrI kr irhw hY[ auh nklI irkwrf vI bxw irhw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny eymnwbwd dw nvW &Ojdwr lwaux leI nW suJwaux vwsqy lwhOr dy sUbydwr ƒ iliKAw[^clxxxvi

is`K &OjW lohgVH, b`dI, ipMjOr, mornI dy phwVW ivc

BwvyN muZl &OjW ny sFOrw iklHw Fwh id`qw sI Aqy lohgVH iklHy dIAW kuJ phwVIAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI pr hzwrW dI igxqI ivc is`K &OjW Ajy vI lohgVH, b`dI, ipMjOr, mornI dy phwVW ivc mOjUd sn qy auh gwhy-bgwhy srhMd dy keI prgixAW ivc hmly krdy rihMdy sn[

AprYl 1714 dy dUjy h&qy srhMd sUby ivc mihlUk dy ielwky dy phwVW ivc hzwrW is`K mOjUd sn[ auh phwVW ivcoN inkl ky AwauNdy sn Aqy muZl qy pTwn jwgIrdwrW dIAW &slW jbrI v`F lYNdy sn[ ieh ^br imlx ’qy sUbw srhMd dy &Ojdwr dy b^SI Sr&-aud-dIn dI &Oj ny aunHW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ pr is`KW dI igxqI bhuqI hox kr ky aus dy bhuq swry &OjI mwry gey[ Agly idn b^SI Sr&-aud-dIn iek hzwr GoVsvwr qy s`q sO ipAwdw &Oj lY ky muV Aw igAw[ auDr

is`K &OjW dI igxqI vI 5 hzwr dy krIb sI[ ies vwr qIrW qy qlvwrW nwl dohW iDrW ivc bhuq zbrdsq t`kr hoeI jo hnyrw pYx qk, iqMn pihr (qkrIbn 9 GMty), cldI rhI[^clxxxvii

ies ivc dohW iDrW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw[ hnyrw pYx ’qy is`K phwVW nUM muV gey qy muZl ies nUM AwpxI &qh smJdy rhy[

30 ApRYl 1714 dy idn pMj hzwr is`K &OjW ropV qoN auprly phwVW ivc mOjUd sn[ srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ny Awpxy BqIjy mIr Abu muk`rm nUM 2 hzwr &OjW dy ky is`KW

’qy hmlw krn vwsqy ByijAw[ jd is`K &OjW ny vyiKAw ik musilm &OjW dI igxqI Gt hY qW auh phwVW qoN auqr ky ropV Sihr dy nyVy Aw gey[ jd mIr Abu muk`rm nUM is`KW dy a~uQy puj`x dI ^br imlI qW auh aunHW nwl t`kr lYx vwsqy au~Qy phuMc igAw[ dohW &OjW ivc bMdUkW Aqy qIrW nwl bwrI jMg hoeI[ ieh jMg 2 pihr (qkrIbn 6 GMty) cldI rhI qy hnyrw pYx ’qy ^qm hoeI[ is`K Pyr phwVW nUM inkl gey[ ies ivc dohW pwisAW qoN sYNkVy &OjI mwry gey[ mwry gey is`KW dI

igxqI 300 sI[zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ny eInwm hwisl krn vwsqy mwry gey is`KW dy isr v`F ky bwdSwh nUM Byj id`qy[^clxxxviii

meI dy qIjy h&qy pMj hzwr is`K GoVsvwr qy 7 hzwr pYdl &OjW phwVW qoN auqr ky bvwsw (Aj-klH ies nW dw koeI ipMf mOjUd nhIN hY) prgxw ivc Aw geIAW[ aunHIN idnIN srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn dI iek v`fI &Oj aus ielwky ivc mOjUd sI[ aus dIAW &OjW ny is`KW nUM Gyrw pw ilAw[ kuJ smyN mgroN hor muZl &OjW vI phuMc geIAW[ dohW iDrW ivc bMdUkW

qIrW qy qlvwrW nwl zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ duSmx &Oj dI igxqI bhuq v`fI hox kr ky is`K lVdy lVdy iPr phwVW v`l nUM cly gey[ ^clxxxix

qkrIbn ieho ijhI iek lVweI dI ^br bwdSwh nUM 12 jUn dy idn vI id`qI geI sI[ auh Gtnw 13 meI 1714 dy idn ipMf dhonw ^cxc prgnw dy ipMf mwxkpur* ivc hoeI d`sI geI sI[ ies lVweI dI q&sIl ivc ikhw igAw sI ik is`K mwl fMgr Kohx Awey sn[ ielwky dy hwkmW nwl dohW iDrW ivc bMdUkW qIrW qy qlvwrW nwl zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ eyny ivc srhMd dy &Ojdwr

zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn dI &Oj auQy phuMc geI qy iPr zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ dohW pwisAW qoN bhuq lok mwry gey[^cxci

bwj isMG dw bMdw isMG qoN ‘judw’ hoxw

ieh g`l Awm khI jWdI hY ik bMdw isMG qy ibnod isMG ivckwr gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc (ApYrl 1715 qoN dsMbr 1715) &rk Awey sn qy ibnod isMG lV ky Gyrw qoVdw hoieAw inkl igAw sI[ pr ieh g`l shI nhIN hY[ hW, 9 julweI 1714 ƒ bwdSwh dy drbwr ivcoN srkwrI hrkwry AnMd rwE v`loN jYpur dy rwjw nUM ByjI ic`TI ivc disAw igAw sI ik srhMd qoN AnMd rwE hrkwry v`loN ByjI irport muqwibk aunHW idnW ivc hI bwj isMG (ibnod isMG nhIN) iek v`fI &Oj lY ky (Swied 14-15 hzwr) bMdw isMG qoN Alihdw ho igAw sI qy aus ny Awpxw fyrw mwKovwl

(AnMdpur) ivc lw ilAw sI[ aus ƒ kihlUr (iblwspur) dy rwjy (Ajmyr cMd) dI mdd vI hwisl sI[^cxcii SwhI &OjW dw fyrw nyVy* hox dy bwvjUd bwj isMG au~QoN muZl AmIrW qy jwgIrdwrW

dy ipMfW ’qy hmly kr ky lut mwr krn lg ipAw sI[ auh dOlq qy fMgr Koh ky lY jWdw sI[

(*SwhI &Oj dw iek fyrw ijMdbVI Aqy iek ropV ivc sI)[

julweI dy pihly h&qy is`KW ny ArdUn, mihlUk, mlkIAwq, ipMjOr, sylUk qy lKwq qoN ropV qk dy ipMfW ivc fyry lwey hoey sn[ jd srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K aus ielwky ivc GuMm rhy hn qW aus ny, Az ^wn nUM s`jy pwisEN Aqy Awpxy BqIjy Kvwjw Abdul muk`rm ^wn nUM K`by pwisEN Byj ky, Awp vI ies ielwky vl kUc kr id`qw; Xwin iqMn pwisEN ienHW is`KW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ jd is`KW nUM srhMdI &Oj dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW is`K lVweI krn vwsqy A`gy vD Awey[ dohW iDrW ivc bMdUkW Aqy qIrW nwl lVweI hoeI[ kuJ icr mgroN &OjW GoiVAW qo auqr ky qlvwrW nwl lVweI krn lg peIAW[ ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry srhMdI &OjI Aqy s`qr is`K mwry gey[ hnyrw pYx mgroN is`K &OjW phwVW v`l clIAW geIAW[

is`KW dy jwx mgroN srhMdI &OjW ny ArdUn, mihlUk, mlkIAwq Awid 12 ipMfW, ijnHW ivc is`K Tihry hoey sn, nUM swV id`qw[^cxciii

ho skdw hY ik ieh hmly bwz isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW v`loN kIqy gey hoxgy[ ies qoN mgroN bwj isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW bwry muZl drbwr dy irkwrfW ivc koeI hvwlw nhIN imldw (auN\ bwj isMG nUM 9 jUn 1916 dy idn bMdw isMG dy nwl hI ShId kIqw igAw sI)[ ieh vI ikhw jw skdw hY ik muZl drbwr dy irkwrfz ivc ZlqI nwl ibnod isMG dI QW bwj isMG iliKAw igAw hovy[ pr ikauN ik bwkI dy is“KW dy nW TIk hI ilKy hn[ so ieh ZlqI nhIN hoeI hovygI[ dUjw bMdw isMG qy bwj isMG dI ieh AlihdgI 1715 dI nhIN blik 1714 dI hY[ qIjw, muZl irkwrf ikqy vI bwj isMG dy bMdw isMG nwl JgVy jW aus dy muZlW nwl smJOqy dw zrw-mwsw vI izkr qk vI nhIN krdy[

bMdw isMG dy gVHvwl qy kmwaUN ivc hox dw crcw

Agsq 1714 dy SurU ivc bMdw isMG gVHvwl irAwsq dy phwVW (fyhrwdUn vZYrw) ivcoN hMudw

hoieAw, gVHvwl dy rwjw &qh Swh dI mdd nwl, brylI qy murdwbwd vl cl ipAw[ aus nUM vxjwirAW ny bulwvw ByijAw sI[^cxciv (ies dw mqlb ieh hY ik BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy swQI

ies ielwky ivc mOjUd sn)[ jd is`K kmwEN dy ielwky ivc pu`jy qW au~QoN dy rwjy bwj bhwdr cMd ny &Oj lY ky aunHW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies lVweI ivc dohW iDrW dw kw&I nukswn hoieAw[ ieh lVweI iqMn idn cldI rhI sI bwj bhwdr ny mwry gey 20 is`KW dy isr bwdSwh ƒ Byjy[ bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik kumwEN dw rwjw bwj bhwdr cMd Aws rKdw hY ik bwdSwh aus nUM iek &urmwn, iK`lq Aqy iek goSvwr (p`g au~qy iek pwsy sjwaux vwsqy hIirAW nwl jVI p`tI) eInwm vjoN Byjygw[ bwdSwh ny aus dI^wihS pUrI kridAW ieh eInwm Byj id`qy[^cxcv

bMdw isMG muV pMjwb Aw igAw

Agsq 1714 ivc bMdw isMG ihMdosqwn qoN vwips pMjwb Aw pu`jw[ ierivMg ilKdw hY ik 16 Agsq nUM bMdw isMG dI AgvweI ivc s`q hzwr dI igxqI ivc is`K &Oj ny ropV ‘qy hmlw kIqw pr srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn dy ifptI Kvwjw muk`rm dI &Oj ny is`KW dw zbrdsq mukwblw kIqw[ iPr 26 Agsq nUM zYn Aihmd ^wn ny is`K &OjW ‘qy hmlw kr idqw[

ies kr ky is`KW nUM iPr phwVW v`l inklxw ipAw[ ies lVweI ivc mwry gey 2 sO is`KW dy isr k`t ky bwdSwh nUM Byjy gey[^cxcvi

ienHW idnW ivc bwdSwh ƒ ieh vI ^br idqI geI ik eymnwbwd dy &Ojdwr ierwdqmMd ^wn ny is`KW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw hoieAw hY[ is`K kwbl, kSmIr, lwhOr qy gujrwq dy ielwikAW ivc lutmwr krdy hn Aqy ies mwl qy ^zwny ivcoN auh ierwdqmMd ^wn ƒ A`Dw ih`sw dy dyNdy hn[ ^br ivc ieh vI ikhw igAw ik &Ojdwr mwlIAw, cuMgI qy hor srkwrI ^zwny ivc vI hyrw

PyrI kr irhw hY[ auh nklI irkwrf vI bxw irhw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny eymnwbwd dw nvW &Ojdwr lwaux leI nW suJwaux vwsqy lwhOr dy sUbydwr ƒ iliKAw[^cxcvii iehI ^br bwdSwh nUM 8

mwrc 1714 vwly idn id`qI geI sI[ ies dw ArQ ieh hY ik is`kW qy ierwdqmMd dI nyVqw pUrw swl cldI rhI sI[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik irkwrf ivc A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw dw ie`ko vrkw do jgh r`iKAw igAw hovy[

5 &rvrI 1715 dy idn bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K &OjW srhMd qoN iqMn koh (qkrIbn

10 iklomItr) dUr lKwq ipMf ivc bYTIAW sn[ ^br imlx ’qy &Ojdwr i^dmq qlb ^wn ny Awpxy b^SI nUM pMj hzwr ipAwdw qopcI Aqy qIr AMdwz dy ky aunHW d yip`Cy qoirAw[ aus ny

phwvW dy izmINdwrW (phwVI rwijAW) nUM vI pYZwm Byjy ik auh bwZIAW nUM AwpxIAW srh`dW ivc dwi^l nw hox dyx[^cxcviii

23-24 &rvrI 1715 dy idn bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K &OjW srhmd qoN sukyq Aqy mMfI dy phwVW vl inkl geIAW sn[ ienHW ivc sq hzwr GoVsvwr qy AT hzwr pYdl sn[

ienHW ƒ kihlUr (iblwspur) dy rwjy dI ihmwieq hwisl sI[ ies dOrwn iek vwr jd ieh dUn

dy ielwky ivc sn qW ienHW dI t`kr &qh-au~lw-^wn dy Awiml rmzwnI byZ dI &Oj nwl ho geI[ ies lVweI ivc rmzwnI byZ dI &Oj dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw[^cxcix

&rvrI 1715 dy A^Ir ivc bMdw isMG Pyr phwVW qoN auqr AwieAw Aqy aus ny SwhI ^zwny qy Asly qoN ielwvw Kwx-pIx dw swmwn vI luut ilAw[ jd bwdSwh ƒ ^br imlI qW aus ny gurj-brdwr Byj ky lwhOr dy sUbydwr Abdus smd ^wn ƒ AYkSn lYx vwsqy hdwieqW ByjIAW[^cc mwrc 1715 dy bMdw isMG ny klwnOr ’qy hmlw kr ky ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr sihrwb ^wn nUM burI qrHW hwr id`qI qy Sihr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies mgroN aus ny btwlw Aqy rweypur ’qy hmlw kr

ky lut mwr kIqI[ ies mOky ’qy lwhOr dy &Ojdwr jW QwnydwrW ivcoN iksy ny vI aus nwl t`kr nw leI[ Abdus smd ^wn aus vyly B`tIAW Aqy fogirAW dI bZwvq ƒ dbwaux vwsqy igAw hoieAw sI[^cci ^w&I ^wn muqwibk ksUr dy husYn ^wn ^ySgI ny lwhOr drbwr dy i^lw& bZwvq kr idqI

sI[ ies lVweI ivc husYn ^wn ^ySgI dI mOq ho geI[ ies kwmXwbI ’qy ^uS ho ky &r`^sIAr ny

Abdus smd ^wn nUM ‘sY&-aud-dOlw’ (srkwr dI qlvwr) dw i^qwb idqw sI[^ccii

bMdw isMG qy isMGW dIAW igR&qwrIAW qy ShIdIAW

jd bwdSwh ƒ bMdw isMG dy klwnOr, btwlw Aqy rwiepur jwx dw pqw lgw qW bwdSwh ny

Abdus smd ^wn nUM iJVkW mwrIAW Aqy gu`sy-BrI ic`TI ilKI Aqy 10 mwrc ƒ kmr-aud-dIn ^wn^cciii (pu`qr muhMmd AmIn ^wn) nUM vI iek v`fI &Oj dy ky gurdws nMgl v`l rvwnw kr idqw[

kmr-aud-dIn 15 mwrc nUM pMjwb vl cilAw sI[ ies dy nwl hI bwdSwh ny A&rwisAwb ^wn bhwdr, rwjw EdIp isMh, rwjw gopwl isMh BdOVIAw, ipRQI cMd dy nwl iqMn sO hor mnsbdwrW ƒ vI pYZwm Byj ky Awpo-AwpxIAW &Oj lY ky bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy jwx vwsqy hukm jwrI

kIqw[ ies qoN ielwvw bwdSwh ny AwpxI 12450 GoV svwr &Oj ƒ vI ienHW dy nwl jwx dw hukm jwrI kIqw[^cciv

gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ƒ Gyrw pYxw

19 mwrc 1715 ƒ bwdSwh ƒ d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG dI &Oj lwhOr qoN cwlI koh (svw sO) iklomItr dUr pVwA kr rhI hY[ auQoN dy &Ojdwr qy AmIr-vzIr Gr C`f ky dOV gey hn[ is`KW ny swry pwsy Awpxy Twxy ibTw idqy hn ies dI ^br CyqI hI Abdul smd ^wn ƒ puj geI[ aus ny gVHI Gyrw pwaux vwsqy iek v`fI &Oj iek`TI kr leI qy ibnW iksy dyrI qoN aus pwsy vl kUc kr idqw[

ies vyly bMdw isMG kot imrzw jwn ivc sI[ jd aus nUM ies &Oj dy Awaux dI plwn dw pqw l`gw qW auh kot imrzw ^wn ivc iek gVHI bxw irhw sI[ s: krm isMG ihstorIAn dw ivcwr hY ik ie`Qy gVHI bxwauxw bMdw isMG dw iek &OjI pYNqVw sI[ s: krm isMG ilKdw hY:

“kot imrzw ^wn iek Cotw ijhw ipMf hY jo vtwly Aqy klwnOr dy ivckwr vsdw hY[ ies jgh nUM lVweI leI psMd krn ivc bMdy dI Akl dw nmUnw iml jWdw hY[ lVweI dy do is`ty hI ho skdy sn, Xw qW bMdw ij`qdw jW SwhI &Oj ij`qdI[ hr hwlq ivc imrzw ^wn dw mYdwn bMdw isMG leI lwBdwiek sI[ jy kr vtwly qy klwnOr nUM AwpxI ip`T ip`Cy rKdw Aqy iksy kwrn hwr jwdw, qW ienHW SihrW dy AwdmIAW ny hI BjidAW dw rwh rok lYxw sI[ jy kr ieMnW ip`Cy htdy ik ieh dovyN Sihr SwhI sYnw dI ip`T ip`Cy Aw jWdy qW ies dI lu`t dw bhuq swrw ih`sw mwirAw jwxw sI, ikauN ik ip`Cy htidAW hI SwhI &Oj nUM vtwly jW klwnOr ivc pnwh iml jwxI sI[ ZOr krn qoN mwlUm huMdw hY ik bMdy nUM ieqnI Aws ij`q dI nhIN sI ijMnI ik hwr dI Aqy ieho kwrn sI ik mYdwn ivc twkrw krn dI QW bMdw isMG gVHIAW dy Awsry FUMf irhw sI[”

pr, krm isMG dI g`l shI nhIN hY[ btwlw qoN imrzw jwn (ibjlIvwl qy Akrpurw dy ivckwr) swFy A`T iklomItr hY qy klwnOr qoN imrzw jwn 15 iklomItr hY; imrzw jwn dy duAwly Akrpur, murIdky, kwlw A&ZwnW, &qihgVH cUVIAW, dUjy pwsy sqkohw, DwrIvwl –hn qy ieh swry ipMf muslmwnW dy sn[ pr swry pMjwb ivc bMdw isMG dw fr eynw smwieAw hoieAw sI ik Awm AwdmI aus dw rwh rokx dw ^wb vI nhIN sn dyK skdy}[

bMdw isMG ny kuJ hI idnW ivc kot imrzw jwn vwlI gVHI dw kw&I ih`sw iqAwr kr ilAw pr Ajy qk &sIl (cwrdIvwrI) Aqy gVHI dy duAwly KweI nhIN sI bx skI[ ies qoN pihlW ik

auh ies gVHI nUM pUrI qrHW bxw skdw, lwhOr dw nwieb sUbydwr Awir& ^wn mwro-mwr krdw au~Qy phuMc cukw sI[ eynI v`fI &Oj vyK ky bMdw isMG ny au~Qy Tihrnw munwisb nw smiJAw Aqy auh ipMf gurdws nMgl (gurdwspur qoN 6 iklomItr) vl kUc kr igAw Aqy au~Qy BweI dunI cMd drvyS dI hvylI ivc pnwh lYx dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies vyly qk is`K &OjW nUM cwry pwsy qoN Gyrw pY cukw sI[

muhMmd kwism AorMgwbwdI muqwibk bMdy kol ijhVI &Oj sI auh pihlW dI insbq sOvW ih`sw vI nhIN sI[^ccv

jd bMdw isMG gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc swry pwisEN burI qrHW iGr igAw qW aus dy nwl qkrIbn pMj kU hzwr &Oj sI[ ies gVHI ivc isr& hzwr-bwrHW sO bMdy hI smw skdy sn[ jd eyny kU is`K gVHI ivc vV gey qW bwkIAW kol Gyrw cIr ky inklx dI koiSS krn qoN isvw koeI cwrw nhIN sI[ ies kr ky bwkI dy cwr kU hzwr is`KW ny iek pwsy v`l B`jxw SurU kr idqw[ pr

Gyrw cwry pwisEN ipAw hox kr ky ienHW iv`coN bhuqy is`K mwry gey[ muhMmd kwism AorMgwbwdI muqwibk ies mOky ’qy do hzwr is`K mwry gey qy bhuq swry igR&qwr kr ley gey[^ccvi ShId is`KW

iv`coN 2 hzwr dy isr k`t ky Aqy iek hzwr dy krIb is`KW nUM byVIAW pw ky bwdSwh kol pyS krn vwsqy id`lI tor idqw igAw[^ccvii

jdoN bMdw isMG ny Awpxy Awp nUM gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc bMd kr ilAw qW Abdus smd

^wn ny gurdws nMgl ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ ieh g`l mwrc 1715 dy AwKrI h&qy dI hY[ bwdSwh ny 30 mwrc 1715 dy idn gurj-brdwr Byj ky srhMd dy Az ^wn ƒ Abuds smd ^wn dI mdd vwsqy kUc krn dw hukm ByijAw[ ies mOky ’qy bwdSwh ƒ ^br imlI ik dOlq ^wn mueIn pMj sO GoVsvwr &Oj lY ky pihlW hI 20 mwrc ƒ sulqwnpur qoN goieMdvwl pujw hoieAw sI qy aus ny ibAws ndI dy pwrly kMFy dw morcw sMBwl ilAw sI[

10 ApRYl 1715 ƒ bwdSwh ƒ iek JUTI ieqlwh jMmU qoN AweI ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik bMdw isMG, aus dI pqnI qy bytw kYd kr ley gey hn[ pr mgroN dopihr nUM hI pqw lgw ik ieh isr& iek A&vwh sI[ drAsl ienHW idnW ivc bMdw isMG (AwpxI cMby vwlI pqnI Aqy in`ky

b`cy sxy) gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc iGr igAw sI[ pMjwh hzwr qoN vD &Oj ny ies gVHI ƒ Gyrw pwieAw hoieAw sI[^ccviii

jd Abdus smd ^wn nUM bMdw isMG dy gurdwspur ivc iGr jwx dw pqw l`gw qW auh mwro-mwr krdw 12 hzwr GoVsvwr &Oj, 12 hzwr pYdl Aqy BwrI qop ^wnw lY ky iqMn idn ivc 40 koh (qkrIbn 125 iklomItr) pYNfw kr ky lwhOr qoN gurdwspur pu`j igAw[ rsqy ivc aus ny

btwlw qy klwnOr ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ is`KW ny vI qIrW qy bMdUkW nwl jMg kIqI[ A^Ir aus ny ies swry ielwky ivcoN jW qW is`K &OjW nUM ^qm kr id`qw jW duVw id`qw[^ccix

ierivn muqwibk muZlW dI v`fI &Oj dI kmWf Abdus smd ^wn ^ud kr irhw sI[ sY&-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr gujrwq), ierwdq mMd ^wn (&Ojdwr eymnwbwd), nUr muhMmd ^wn (&Ojdwr AOrMgbwd qy psrUr), SyK muhMmd dwXm (&Ojdwr btwlw), suhrwb ^wn (&Ojdwr klwnOr), hmIr cMd ktoc (rwjw kWgVw), Druv dyv jsrotIey dw puqr hir dyv vI AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky Awir& byZ ^wn (nwieb sUbydwr lwhOr) dI AgvweI ivc gurdws nMgl phMuc gey sn)[ ienHW swirAW ny ipMf gurdws nMgl qoN QoVHI dUrI ’qy morcy pu`t ley[ gVHI dy au~qr v`l zkrIAw ^wn (&Ojdwr jMmU) Aqy zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), d`Kx v`l Abdus smd ^wn (sUbydwr lwhOr) qy p`Cm v`l p`tI, AYmnwbwd, btwlw, klwnOr, AOrMgwbwd, gujrwq dy &OjdwrW Aqy kWgVw Aqy jsrotw dy ihMdU rwijAW dIAW &OjW ny morcy sMBwly hoey sn[ Xwin bMdw isMG swry pwisAW qoN v`fIAW &OjW nwl burI qrHW iGirAw hoieAw sI[^ccx

ies vyly bMdw isMG nwl bhuq v`fI &Oj nhIN sI[ pr ienHW is`KW vwsqy vI gVHI AMdr kw&I Kurwk nhIN sI[ is`K pihlW-pihl qW gVHI ’coN inkl ky nyVy dy ipMfW ’qy hmly kr ky dwxw Aqy fMgr Koh ky gVHI AMdr lY jWdy rhy[ ApYRl dy dUjy h&qy mugl &OjW dIAW kuJ tukVIAW ny A`gy vD ky aunHW ƒ rokx dI koiSS kIqI[ ies lVweI ivc dohW iDrW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw[ iek idn is`K &OjW ny gVHI ’coN inkl ky kotlI ipMf ivcoN l`kV ilAwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ Druv dyv

jsrotIey dI &Oj ny aunHW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ keI is`K mwry gey qy bcy hoey gVHI ivc vwips dOV gey[ hux ieh rsqw vI bMd ho igAw[ hux hr idSw ivc iklyH ivcoN bwhr Awaux vwly is`KW ’qy qIrW Aqy bMdUkW nwl hmlw hMudw sI qy jy auh ienHW dy vwr qoN bc jWdy sn qW aunHW dI Agy vDdI muZl &OjW nwl lVweI hMudI sI ijs ivc bhuq swry is`K ShId ho jWdy sn[

bVI v`fI &Oj hox dy bwvjUd muZlW ny gVHI ’qy hmlw nw kIqw[ aunHW ƒ pqw lg cukw sI ik is`KW ny nyVly ipMfW qoN bhuq swrw lohw iek`Tw kr ilAw hY qy aunHW kol bMdUkW qy qopW vI hn[ aunHW ny iqMn nvIAW qopW vI bxw leIAW hn qy bwrUd vI aunHW kol bhuq hY[ ies dI ^br bwdSwh ƒ 23 AprYl 1715 dy idn pujI sI[ bwdSwh nUM ieh vI d`isAw igAw sI ik is`KW ny gVHI dy nyVy dy ipMfW qoN GoVAW Aqy m`JW vwsqy Gh Awid iek`Tw kr ilAw sI[ muslmwn &OjIAW

kol bMdw isMG dw twkrw krn vwsqy hOslw qy bhwdurI dI kmI hY[ pr ijhVy is`K muslwn &OjIAW dIAW golIAW jW qIrW dy inSwny ivc AwauNdy sn, aunHW nUM inSwnw bxieAw jWdw sI[^ccxi

28 AprYl ƒ Abdus smd ^wn dw pYZwm bwdSwh ƒ pujw ijs ivc aus ny iek bVI v`fI

qop dI mMg kIqI sI qW jo auh gurdws nMgl dI gVHI dIAW dIvwrW ƒ aufw sky[ bwdSwh ny ausy vyly iek v`fI qop gurdwspur Byjx dw hukm jwrI kr idqw[^ccxii

gurdws nMgl dw Gyrw ipCly fyF mhIny qoN jwrI sI[ 14 meI 1715 ƒ bwdSwh ny eIsw ^wn mM\ (&Ojdwr l`KI jMgl) ƒ vI hukm jwrI kIqw ik auh vI AwpxI &Oj lY ky gurdws nMgl vl clw jwvy[ 21 meI ƒ bwdSwh ny s&vI ^wn ƒ hdwieq idqI ik auh lwhOr sUby dy jgIrdwrW Aqy mnsbdwrW ƒ hukm jwrI kry ik auh AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky Abdus smd ^wn kol hwizr ho jwx vrnw aunHW dw swrw mwl Asbwb zbq kr ilAw jwvygw[ ieM\ bwdSwh ny koeI vI Aijhw cODrI nhIN C`ifAw sI ijs ƒ aus ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc nw ByijAw hovy[ QoVHy icr ivc hI aus

QW ‘qy Abdus smd ^wn dI 24 hzwr &Oj, srhMd dI 5 hzwr &Oj, lwhOr sUby dI 10 hzwr &Oj qy jMmU dI 5 hzwr &Oj vI phuMc cukI sI[ id`lI qoN kmr-aud-dIn vI hzwrW &OjW lY ky c`lx vwlw sI[

hux jUn dw A`D Aw cukw sI[ is`KW ƒ iGirAW ƒ FweI mhIny ho cuky sn[ iebrqnwmw dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism jo aus vyly nwieb sUbydwr Awir& byZ ^wn dy nwl qweInwq sI, ilKdw hY ik “is`K idn ivc do iqMn vwr gVHI ivcoN 40-50 dy toilAW ivc inkldy sn qy Awpxy vwsqy Aqy GoiVAW vwsqy dwxw pwxI lY jwieAw krdy sn[ ienHW is`KW nUM rokx vwsqy muZl &OjI koiSS qW krdy sn pr AMdroN is`KW dy qIrW Aqy golIAW dI bOCwV nwl bhuq swry muZl &OjI mwry jWdy sn[ ijhVy muZl &OjI aunHW dy nyVy jWdy sn auh qW is`KW dIAW ikrpwnW dw hI Kwjw bx jWdy

sn[” muhMmd kwism hor ilKdw hY ik muZl &OjI ie`QoN qk duAw krdy rihMdy sn ik: “hy AlHw! bMdw isMG iksy qrIky nwl eyyQoN inkl jwvy qW jo swfI jwn bc sky[“^ccxiii

^w&I ^wn, muslmwn &OjIAW ivc PYly hoey fr Aqy dihSq bwry, ilKdw hY ik “jy kr gVHI iv`coN koeI ib`lI ku`qw bwhr inkldw qW mor-cwl ’qy nIAq kIqy hoey SwhI AwdmI ies nUM vI jwdU dw kwrw smJ ky dUroN hI qIr jW bMdUk nwl mwr su`tdy[” Xwin, muslmwn &OjI smJdy sn ik bMdw isMG jwdU jwxdw hY qy Swied auh ib`lI jW ku`qw bx ky inkl irhw hovy[

hux Abdus smd ^wn ny gurdws nMgl dy pUrb v`l morcy pu`t ley[ hux eyfI v`fI &Oj qy cwry pwsy Gyrw hox kwrn is`K dwxw-p`Tw AMdr nhIN sn iljw skdy[ jd vI auh bwhr AwauNdy qW muZl &OjW dy qIrW Aqy bMdUkW dI bOCwV dI mwr hyT Aw jWdy[ ienHW ivcoN kuJ ShId ho jWdy sn qy bwkIAW ƒ vwips gVHI ivc muVnw pYNdw sI[ ieM\ krdy sYNkVy is`K mwry jw cuky sn[ jUn dy pihly h&qy Abdus smd ^wn ny AYlwn jwrI kIqw ik jo vI &OjI iksy is`K dw isr ilAwvygw aus

ƒ 10 rupY eInwm idqy jwvgy[ ies nwl muZl &OjIAW ny A`gy vD ky is`KW nwl lVn dw ^qrw mu`l lYxw SurU kr idqw[^ccxiv

3 julweI nUM bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik ies ielwky ivc vxjwry bMdw isMG qy aus dy swQIAW nUM sUhW vI dyNdy sn Aqy Kwx-pIx dw swmnw dy nwl-nwl qIr Aqyy bMdUkW vI muh`eIAw krdy sn[ ieh vxjwry (ijhVy l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy tWfy ivc kMm krdy rhy sn) nUrpur dy rwjy

dXw DMmw (ienHW irportW ivc aus dw nW dXw Drmw qy dXw Dwqw iliKAw vI imldw hY) Aqy rwjw hIr cMd (Swied hmIr cMd kMboj) dy ielwikAW ivc rihMdy hn[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny ieqmwd-aul dOlw (b^SI-aul-mulk) nUM hukm kIqw ik lwhor dy nwizm, kwgVw dy iklHwdwr Aqy phwVI irAwsqW dy izmINdwrw (rwijAW) nUM ^q ilK id`qy jwx ik auh vxjwirAW nUM Awpxy ielwikAW

ivcoN nw lMGx idAw krnw[ jy auh PVy jwx qW aunHW nUM szwvW id`qIAW jwx[ ies nwl bwZIAW dIAW kwrvweIAW nMUM vI n`Q pvygI qy aunHW nUM Kwx dy swmwn dI kmI vI AwvygI[^ccxv

26 sqMbr nUM bwdSwh nUM disAw igAw ik hmIr cMd kMboj (ktoc), dXw DMmw (nUrpur), rwm isMh jmvwl, dyb cMd dyhxUvwl AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky Abdus smd ^wn kol Awp hwizr hoey sn qy bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muZlW dw swQ id`qw sI[ ieM\ hI audY isMh (isbIAw dw rwjw) qy dlIp isMh lokw ny Awpxy pRDwn &OjW sxy Abdus smd ^wn kol Byjy sn[ pr, mwDw sYx (mMfI dw rwjw), mwn isMh (ku`lU dw rwjw) Aqy hIrj (DIrj ?) pwl (mwlwbwr dw rwjw) nw qW Awp Awey qy nw hI aunHw ny AwpxIAW &OjW ByjIAW sn[ ieh iqMny rwjy bMdw isMG nwl dosqI rKdy sn[

ies ’qy bwdSwh ny ieqmwd-aul dOlw (b^SI-aul-mulk) nUM hukm kIqw ik auh lwhOr dy sUbydwr nUM ienHW ’qy kwrvweI krn vwsqy ilKy[^ccxvi

bMdw isMG qy is`KW dI hwlq

hux brswqW SurU ho geIAW sn, ijs nwl Agly do mhINny hor vI AOKw smW sI[ hux muZlW dI muihMm vI TMfI pY geI[ iek qW lVweI lMbI hox kwrn qy dUjw brswqW kwrn muZl vI iF`ly pY gey pr Aijhw jwpdw hY ik bMdw isMG ny AYvyN AVI kr leI sI vrnw ies mOky ’qy Gyrw cIr ky inkl jwx nwl Swied A`Dy kU is`K bc jwxy sn[ ieh cumwsw (meI qoN Agsq) Swied bcx dI koiSS krn dw Swied kuJ mOkw ho skdw sI[ pr bMdw isMG ny Aijhw nhIN kIqw[[ aunHW ny ieh nw soicAw ik hux ikqoN Anwj, Aslw jW mdd dI koeI Aws nhIN sI ho skdI[ ieM\ is`K pUrIAW grmIAW, pUrw cumwsw qy A`DIAW srdIAW (Xwin mwrc qoN nvMbr qk, qkrIbn 8 mhIny) gVHI ivc ruky rhy A^Ir auhI hoieAw ijs dw hr koeI ikAws kr skdw sI[ 7 dsMbr 1715 ƒ &Ysly dw idn Aw igAw[

gurdws nMgl ivc iGry is`KW ivcoN bhuq swry dsq-mroVW qy pIVW nwl mr gey…jd swrw Gwh mu`k igAw qW aunHW dr^qW dy p`qy iekTy kr ley[ jd ieh vI muk gey qW aunW ny dr^qW dy qxy iC`l ley qy ies ƒ sukw ky ies dw cUrw bxw ky ies ƒ vI ieM\ hI vriqAw[ kuJ dwAvw krdy hn ik aunHW ny kuJ auh is`K vI vyKy ijnW ny Awpxy p`t dw mws k`t ky qy aus ƒ BMun ky KwDw sI[

bMdw isMG Aqy aus dy swQI is`KW dI igR&qwrI

8 mhIny dy Gyry dOrwn hux aunHW kol Kwx vwsqy hvw qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN sI[ auh B`uK nwl inFwl ho gey sn qy aunW ivc ih`lx-ju`lx jogI siqAw vI nhIN sI rhI[ A^Ir, jd keI idnW qk gVHI ’coN koeI ihljul nw hoeI qW muZl &OjW dy iek hjUm ny iek dm h`lw bol id`qw[ A`gy ADmoey pey hoey do-cwr sO is`K nzr Awey, ijnHW ƒ aunHW ny “iZR&qwr” kr ilAw[ ienHW ivcoN ijhVw vI, zrw vI, ih`ilAw aus ƒ au~Qy hI kql kr idqw igAw[qkrIbn iqMn sO is`KW ƒ QWey cIr idqw igAw[ aunHW dw ^Un eynw vigAW ik ieM\ jwpdw sI ik auh ^Un dy qlwA ivc qYr rhy sn[

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik jd keI idn gVHI ivcoN koeI ihljul nw hoeI qW pOVIAW lwky muZl &OjI AMdr jw vVy sn: “gVHI qoN ijs vyly aus groh (is`KW) v`loN lVweI dI qwkq ^qm ho geI Aqy byh`d qMgI hox qy Bu`K dy hwvI hox sdkw, aunHW BYVI qbIAq vwilAW (is`KW) dy ijsmW dy AMg hrkq krnoN ht gey qy aunHW ivc qlvwrW auTwaux dI qwkq nw rhI, ie`QoN qk XkIn ho igAw ik auh koeI byhUdw bkvws vI nhIN mwr skdy (jYkwrw vI nhIN C`f

skdy), ieslwmI &Ojw dy ZwzI pOVIAW lw ky lmkdy joey Acwnk auprokq gVHI ivc jw vVy[ ikauN ik aunHW qbwh hwl vwilAW dy zvwl dw AMq nyVy pu`j cukw sI; ies vwsqy lVweI dw mOkw bxy ibnw hI auh BYVI qbIAq vwlw lwAnqI (bMdw isMG bhwdr) PiVAw igAw[ aus dy kwly mUMh

vwly inkMmy swQI, ijnHW ny jhwn Br nUM byGr kr C`ifAw sI, vI blwA dy jwl ivc Ps gey[ aunHW ivcoN iksy ny vI qlvwr nwl mukwblw nw kIqw…[”^ccxvii

dUjy pwsy iebrqnwmw dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism ilKdw hY ik “lwSW qy gMdgI dI bdbU kwrn

Aqy Bu`K kwrn inFwl hoey is`KW ny Awpxy Awp nUM igR&qwrI vwsqy ies Srq ’qy pyS kIqw ik aunHW nUM szwey-mOq nhIN id`qI jwvygI[”^ccxviii ieho ijhI hI g`l imrzw muhMmd dy ‘iebrqnwmw’ ivc vI

ilKI imldI hY[ auh ilKdw hY ik is`KW ny Abdus smd ^wn nUM coKI rkm dI pySkS kIqI qW jo auh aunHW nUM au~QoN inklx vwsqy rwh dy dyvy[ pr jd ^wn nw mMinAw qW Bu“K qoN duKI ho ky is`KW ny

ies Srq ‘qy hiQAwr su`txy mnzUr kr ley ik aunHW nUM kql krn dI bjwey bwdSwh kol pyS kIqw jwvy qy jo bwdSwh szw dyvygw auh mnzUr krngy[^ccxix

muhMmd kwism Aqy imrzw muhMmd dovyN Zlq ilKdy hn ik is`KW ny Awpxy Awp nUM igR&qwrI vwsqy pyS kIqw[ aus hwlq ivc iksy is`K dw gVHI qoN bwhr Aw ky koeI pySkS krnw nwmumikn sI ikauN ik muZl &OjW nUM hdwieq sI ik jy koeI is`K au~Qy nzr Awvy qW aus nUM ausy vkq mwr id`qw jwvy[ aus hwlq ivc iksy muZl jrnYl jW &OjI nwl iksy is`K dI g`lbwq hoox dw socxw vI iblkul g`p hY[ dUjw, koeI somw nhIN kihMdw ik is`K h`Q KVHy kr ky jW ‘ic`tw JMfw’ h`Q ivc lY ky gVHI qoN bwhr Awey[ qIjw, ijhVw bwdSwh is`KW dw Kurw Koj imtwauxw cwhuMdw hY is`K ikvyN kih skdy hn ik jo auh &Yslw krygw auh swnUM mnzUr hovygw[ cOQw, ieh vI inrI g`p hY ik is`KW ny ^wn nUM v`fI rkm irSvq vjoN pyS kIqI sI[ is`KW kolo aus vyly isr& 600 rupY Aqy 23 muhrW sn (ijhVIAW aunHW dI igR&qwrI mgroN muZl &OjW dy h`Q AweIAW sn)[ pMjvW, jy is`KW ny hiQAwr su`ty sn qW muZlW ny ADmoey is`KW ivcoN zrw-mwsw ihl skx vwly A`Dy mwr ikauN id`qy sn[ so is`KW v`loN Awp igR&qwr hoxw inrw JUT hY[

^Yr igR&qwrI mgroN bMdw isMG ƒ ADmoey ƒ hI ausy vyly byVIAW Aqy sMglW nwl jkV idqw igAw[ ienHW swirAW ƒ BwrI &Oj dy Gyry ivc lwhOr iljwieAw igAw[ lwhOr dy bwzwrW ivc ienHW dw jlUs k`iFAw igAw[ Sihr dy muslmwnW ny ienHW ‘qy ie`tW-v`ty mwry[ ies mOky ‘qy bwiezId

^wn dI mW ny Awpxy Gr dI C`q qoN iek v`fw p`Qr ies jlUs ’qy su`itAw ijs nwl iek is`K kYdI dI mOq ho geI[ ies mgroN lwhOr dy sUbydwr ny kYdIAW nUM p`QrW qoN bxwaux vwsqy aunHW au~qy borIAW pw idqIAW[ (bwiezId ^wn dI mW v`loN p`Qr mwrn dI Gtnw isr& isAwrul muqw^rIn dy lyKk ny hI ilKI hY, pr auh bwiezId ^wn nUM srhMd dw swbkw sUbydwr ilKdw hY, jo Zlq hY[ bwiezId ^wn jMmU dw &Ojdwr sI)[

ienHW is`K kYdIAW ƒ &Oj dI ingrwnI ivc nUV ky r`iKAw igAw[ ienHW dy pYrW ivc byVIAW, glW ivc qOk, l`k nwl jMzIrW bMnH ky, l`k dy sMgl nwl 2-2, 3-3 nUM bMnH ky g`ifAW ’qy su`itAw hoieAw sI[ mgroN ienHW nUM aUTW Aqy g`ifAW ’qy l`d ky, brwsqw srhMd, id`lI Byjx dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ ies dI bwdSwh ƒ ^br pMj idn ivc hI, 12 dsMbr 1715 ƒ, puj geI sI[ iek somy muqwibk ienHW igR&qwr is`KW dI igxqI isr& do-iqMn sO hI sI[ ienHW idnW ivc bhuq swry hor is`K vI igR&qwr kr ky ienHW ivc Swiml kr idqy gey[ ies mgroN vI mwry gey hor is`KW dy isr vI id`lI iljwx vwly stwk ivc Swiml kr ley gey[ lwhOr ivc is`KW dy isr& 700 isr

sn jo id`lI phuMcx qk 2000 ho cuky sn[ ieh swrw kuJ ies kr ky kIqw igAw sI qW jo bwdSwh nUM v`fI kwrguzwrI idKweI jw sky[^ccxx

gurdws nMgl dI gVHI Aqy ShId hoey is`KW qoN imly hiQAwr ieh sn: SmSIrW 1000, FwlW 278, kmwxW-B`Qy 173, bMdUkW 180, ktwrW 114, gwqry vwlIAW ikrpwnW 217, sony dy gihxy kuJ kU, muhrW 23, rupY 6 sO qoN kuJ vD[ bs…[ ieh hiQAwr bwdSwh kol pyS kIqy gey sn qy aus dy hukm ‘qy srkwrI ^zwny ivc jmHw krvw idqy gey sn[

bwdSwh &r`^sIAr ny ^uSIAW mnweIAW

bwdSwh &r`^sIAr ƒ bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI dI ^br jd 12 dsMbr ƒ imlI qW aus ny do vwr nmwz pVHI Aqy v`fy jSn mnwaux dw AYlwn kIqw[ aus ny id`lI ivc muinAwdI krvw ky ies

dw AYlwn vI kIqw[ bwdSwh ny cwr bory is`ikAW (pYisAW) dy Br ky hwQI ’qy r`K ky, ienHW is`ikAW dI Sihr ivc sot krvweI[^ccxxi

bMdw isMG, aus dw cwr swl dw bytw AjY isMG, aus dI cMby vwlI pqnI qy iek golI Aqy 740 igR&qwr is`KW qoN ielwvw do hzwr* dy krIb is`KW dy isr lY ky Abdus smd ^wn dw p`uqr (qy muhMmd AmIn ^wn dw juAweI) zkrIAw ^wn Awp id`lI p`ujw[ ShId isMGW dy isrW ƒ s`q sO g`ifAW au~qy l`idAw hoieAw sI[ bMdw isMG nUM spYSl iqAwr kIqy gey ipMjry ivc byVIAW sxy qMun idqw igAw qy hwQI ’qy rK ky ies ƒ id`lI ilAWdw igAw sI[ bMdw isMG bhwdr qoN muZl eynw

frdy sn ik ipMjry ivc pw ky vI aus dy ip`Cy iek qkVw ispwhI nMgI qlvwr dy ky KVw kr riKAw igAw sI qW jo ikqy auh ipMjry ivcoN inkl ky auf hI nw jwvy[^ccxxii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik zkrIAw ^wn 40 hzwr is`KWdIAW K`lW lY ky igAw sI[^ccxxiii

is`K kYdIAW dw ieh jlUs 27 &rvrI 1716 dy idn id`lI dy bwhrvwr ipMf Agrwbwd kol pu`jw[ 29 &rvrI 1716 nUM ienHW kYdIAW dw id`lI ivc jlUs k`iFAw igAw[ jlUs dy sB qoN A`gy iek bYNf vwjw jw irhw sI[ ieh jlUs id`lI dy nyVy dy ipMf Agrwbwd qoN SurU ho ky, 10 iklomItr dUr, lwl iklHw qk iljwieAw igAw[ ies bYNf dy ip`Cy do hzwr is`KW dy isr, ijnHW nUM qUVI Br ky bWsW qy ltkwieAw hoieAw sI, jw rhy sn[ ienHW dy isrW dy vwl KulHy r`Ky hoey sn qW jo lok pCwx skx ik ieh is`KW dy hI isr hn[ ienHW dI igxqI vDwaux vwsqy kuJ AOrqW dy isr v`F ky vI Swiml kr id`qy gey sn jo lMby vwlW kwrn is`K hI jwpdIAW sn[

ies mgroN iek lMby bWs ’qy mrI hoeI ib`lI ltkweI hoeI sI ijs dw mqlb ieh sI ik is`KW dy GrW ivc ienswn qW kI koeI mirAw hoieAw jwnvr vI nhIN irhw[ ies ib`lI dy ip`Cy iek hwQI sI ijs au~qy r`Ky hoey ipMjry ivc bMdw isMG sI[

bMdw isMG dw mzwk aufwaux vwsqy aus nUM iek lwVy vWg sunihrI zrI vwlI lwl p`g, Anwr dy &u`lW dy rMg dw SwhI cogw pwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus dy isr ’qy iek lkVI dw KoKw-numw iqMn-cwr iklo im`tI nwl Br ky r`iKAw hoieAw sI, ijs dy Bwr nwl auh grdn JukweI tyFw bYTw hoieAw sI[ bMdw isMG BwvyN ipMjry ivc bMd sI pr iPr vI aus dy ip`Cy nMgI qlvwr h`Q ivc PV ky iek ispwhI KVHw kIqw hoieAw sI ikauN ik muZl frdy sI ik ikqy bMdw jwdU nwl au~f hI nw jwvy[

bMdw isMG vwly hwQI dy ip`Cy 740 kYdI sn[ ienHW dy mUMhW ’qy kwl^ mlI hoeI sI[ aunHW dw iek-iek h`Q grdn dy ip`Cy kr ky iSkMjy ivc k`s ky bMinHAw hoieAw sI[ aunHW dy isrW ’qy kwZzW dIAW KoKw-topIAW r`KIAW hoeIAW sn qy aunHW dy ijsmW ’qy ByfW dI K`l lpytI hoeI sI[ aunHW dw ieh rUp aunHW dw mzwk aufwaux Aqy aunHW dI byiezqI krn vwsqy bxwieAw igAw sI[ aunHW nUM do-do kr ky kwTIAW qoN s`Kxy aUTW au~qy ibTwieAw (drAsl l`idAw) hoieAw sI[

ies jlUs dy ip`Cy muhMmd AmIn ^wn, aus dw p`uqr kmr-aud-dIn ^wn Aqy zkrIAw ^wn (puqr Abdus smd ^wn) jyqUAW vWg AwkV-AwkV ky cl rhy sn[

ieh jlUs lwhOrI gyt dy rsqy id`lI Sihr ivc dwi^l hoieAw (ierivn, ijld dUjI, s&w

316)[ ies jlUs nUM vyKx vwsqy swrI id`lI sVkW ’qy AweI hoeI sI[ Sihr ivc koeI vI S^s

AYsw nhIN sI irhw ijs ny ieh nzwrw vyiKAw nw hovy[ l`KW lokW dIAW BIVW kwrn eynI Gutx sI ik ies mOky ‘qy swh lYxw vI muSikl hoieAw ipAw sI[ lok is`KW nUM mzwk kr rhy sn, qwAny dy rhy sn, gwlHW k`F rhy sn, aunHW dI qoey-qoey kr rhy sn, byie`zqI kr rhy sn qy aunHW v`l vyK ky koJIAW sYnqW kr rhy sn[ keI lok hU-hU kr ky qwVIAW mwr rhy sn qy ^uSI ivc KIvy ho ky n`c rhy sn[ pr is`KW dy ichirAW ’qy zrw ijMnI vI mwXUsI, iSkn, pIV jW A&sos nhIN sI[

auh Awpxy Awp nUM hwry hoey nhIN sn mihsUs krdy[ auh Sbd gw rhy sn qy vwihgurU dw jwp krdy jw rhy sn[ aunHW nUM vyK ky ieM\ jwpdw sI ik ijvyN aunHW nUM kuJ vI nw hoieAw hovy[^ccxxiv

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY: aus iek`T ivcoN iek AwdmI surIlI Awvwz nwl nkSw bMnH irhw sI (Sbd gw irhw sI) qy kih irhw sI ik “^udw dw Sukr hY ik AsIN AmlW dy Gr

(ies dunIAW) nUM nwSvr Gr pwieAw qy ieh g`l XkIn dy nyVy hY ik AsIN (mOq mgroN) sdIvI

izMdgI dw AnMd lvWgy”[ BYVy idl vwiAW dy aus toly ivcoN koeI AwdmI vI pUrI szw imlx qy ies BwrI durGtnw dy bwvjUd, mQy ’qy v`t nhIN pw irhw sI Aqy swry iKVy m`Qy jw rhy sn[^ccxxv

jd bMdw isMG nUM bwdSwh &r`^sIAr kol pyS kIqw igAw sI[ bwdSwh ny bMdw isMG nUM

pu`iCAw ik “qUM Awpxy vwsqy ikho ijhI mOq cuxyNgw?” ies ’qy bMdw isMG ny iek dm ikhw “ijho ijhI bwdSwh AwpxI mOq cwhvygw[’^ccxxvi auN\, mgroN &r`^sIAr nUM vI auhI mOq imlI sI ijhVI

aus ny bMdw isMG nUM id`qI sI; &r`^sIAr nUM pihlW AMnHw kIqw igAw qy iPr kuJ smyN mgroN mwr vI id`qw igAw sI[

igR&qwr is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw hukm

5 mwrc 1716 dy idn bwdSwh ny srbrwh ^wn koqvwl ƒ hukm id`qw ik bMdw isMG Aqy aus dy ^ws 17 swQIAW ƒ C`f ky bwkI dy hr roz iek-iek sO kr ky kql kr id`qy jwx[ iesy idn ienHW dw kqlyAwm SurU ho igAw[ aunHW nUM muslmwn bxn dI Srq ’qy jwn b^SI dI pySkS kIqI geI, pr iek vI is`K muslmwn bxn vwsqy rwzI nw hoieAw[ auh swry ‘vwihgurU vwihgurU’ kihMdy hoey ShId ho gey[ auh qW sgoN ieh kihMdy rhy ‘mukqw (mukq krn vwlw, Xwin j`lwd), mYnUM

pihloN ShId kr[’ ieh ShIdIAW audoN dI koqvwlI dy bwhr, cWdnI cOk ivc, hoeIAW sn[^ccxxvii ies sbMDI id`lI ivc rih rhy &ort ivlIAm, klk`qw, dy gvrnr dy numwieMidAW

jOhn sUrmn Aqy AYfvrf stI&nsn (do AMgryzW) ny 10 mwrc 1716 nUM Awpxy gvrnr nUM ilKI iek ic`TI ivc ienHW ShIdIAW dw A`KIN if`Tw hwl ienHW l&zW ivc ibAwn kIqw sI:

“The great Rebel Gooroo who has been for these past 20 years so troublesome to the

Subaship of Lahore, is at length taken with all his family and attendance by Abd-us-Samad Cawn, the Suba of that province. Some days ago they entered the city laden with fetters, his whole atendance which were left alive being about seven hundred and eighty, all severally mounted on camels which were sent out of the city for that purpose, besides about two thousand heads struck upon poles, being those who died by the sword in battle. He was carried into the presence of the King, and from thence to a close prison. He, at present, has his life prolonged with most of his mutsuddys, in hope to get an account of his treasure in the several parts of his kingdom and of those who assisted him, when afterwards he will be executed; for the rest there are 100 each day beheaded. It is not a little remarkable with what patience they undergo their fate, and to the last it has not been found that one apostatised from his new formed Religion”.

srUp dws B`lw (mihmw pRkwS ivc) ienHW igR&qwr is`KW ivc kwhn isMG qryhn nUM vI Swiml krdw hY[ aus muqwibk kwhn isMG nUM gurU AMgd swihb dI inSwnI smJ ky bcwA ilAw igAw sI qy aus dI QW iek Awm is`K nUM (kurbwnI dw bkrw bxwaux vwsqy) hvwlwq ivc phuMcw id`qw igAw sI[ ieh khwxI g`p qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN[ pihlI g`l qW aus hwlq ivc ieh ho skxw nwmumikn sI qy dUjw kwhn isMG nUM bcwaux dI ^wiqr iek is`K nUM Pswauxw bVI GtIAw g`l bxdI hY[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny qW cmkOr dI gVHI ivc Awpxy pu`qr vI nhIN sn bcwey[

(drAsl kwhn isMG igR&qwr hoey is`KW ivc Swiml nhIN sI[ ieh khwxI aus nUM ‘hIro’ bxwaux vwsqy GVI geI sI[

700 is`KW dw kqlyAwm

700 qoN vD is`KW nUM cWdnI cOk ivc, 100-110 hr roz kql kr ky, 6 qoN 12 mwrc qk ShId kr id`qw igAw[ aunHW dIAW lwSW dy tukVy kr ky id`lI Sihr ivc cwry pwsy ltkw id`qy gey qW jo lokW ivc dihSq PYlweI jw sky[ kuJ hI idnW ivc ienHW lwSW dy tukiVAW dw mws

igrJW ny Kw ilAw pr ienHW dy ipMjr qy h`fIAW kw&I dyr qk ltkdIAW rhIAW[ muslmwnW dy b`cy ienHW h`fIAW nUM vI p`Qr mwr-mwr ky Awpxw gu`sw is`KW ’qy k`Fdy rhy[^ccxxviii

ies dy nwl hI bwdSwh ny bMdw isMG qy aus dy 17 swQIAW ƒ it`kw rwm dy spurd krn dw hukm idqw[ bMdw isMG dI cMby vwlI byZm, aus dy pu`qr AjY isMG qy aunHW dI iek golI nUM drbwr ^wn nwizr dI kYd ivc Byj idqw igAw[ s`q mwrc ƒ mumqwz ^wn A^qr byZI ny Abdus smd

^wn v`loN Byjy 16 GoVy-GoVIAW bwdSwh ƒ ByNt kIqy[ ienHW ivcoN 3 GoVy qy 6 GoVIAW bMdw isMG dIAW sn[

^w&I ^wn ieh vI ilKdw hY ik kuJ lokW ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM iml ky bMdw isMG dI irhweI bdly v`fI rkm pyS krn dI g`l vI CyVI sI pr aus ny ieh g`l suxn qoN vI nWh kr idqI sI[ bwkI qvwrI^I soimAW dw muqlIAw krn qoN ^w&I ^wn dI ieh g`l inrw JUT jwpdI hY[

bMdw isMG qy aunHW dy byty dI ShIdI

bMdw isMG qy aus dy bwkI swQIAW nUM iqMn mhIny bhuq qsIhy idqy gey[ aunHW nUM muslmwn bxn dI sUrq ivc jwn-b^SI dI pySkS kIqI geI[ 9 jUn 1716 dy idn bwdSwh ny hukm idqw ik iebrwhIm-aud-dIn (mIr-AwiqS) Aqy srbrwh ^wn koqvwl bMdw isMG ƒ iqrpolIAw dy iklyH ivcoN KÍwjw kuqb-aud-dIn dI drgh dy nyVy lY jwx Aqy aus ƒ qsIhy dy ky kql kr dyx[ bwdSwh dw hukm sI ik aus dI zbwn k`tI jwvy, A`KW k`FIAW jwx qy aus dI cmVI auDyV idqI jwey[ aus dIAW h`fIAW qoN mws noicAw jwvy qy aus dy p`uqr ƒ vI kql kr idqw jwvy[ bwdSwh dw hukm, ik bMdy nUM pihlW Awpxw pu`qr kql krn vwsqy ikhw jwvy, dw izkr isr& ^w&I ^wn hI krdw hY[

bwdSwh dy hukm muqwibk bMdw isMG, aus dw pu`qr Aqy bwkI is`K Kvwjw kuqbdIn dI drgh kol, mihrolI ivc, iljwey gey[ pihlW ienHW is`KW ƒ bhwdr Swh dI kbr dy duAwly GMumwieAw

igAw qy iPr kql krn vwlI QW ilAWdw igAw[ A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw ivc ienHW dI igxqI 18 d`sI geI hY[^ccxxix kwmvr ienHW dI igxqI sqwrW ilKdw hY, pr kql vyly ienHW dI

igxqI 26 dsdw hY, jo shI nhIN hY[

gxyS dws vfHyrw muqwibk^ccxxx kql qoN pihlW ienHW swirAW ƒ muslmwn bxn dI Srq ’qy jwn muAw&I dI pySkS kIqI geI pr iek vI is`K ny ieh pySkS kbUl nw kIqI qy sB ny ‘vwhgurU vwhgurU’ AwK ky AwpxI grdn j`lwd muhry kr ky ShId hoxw mnzUr kIqw (AW igR&qwrwin byZm ^ud grdn pyiS j`lwdW mI inhwdMd[ v vwhgurU vwhgurU goXW jW mI dwdMd)[

sB qoN pihlW bMdw isMG nUM ipMjry iv`coN k`F ky zmIn ’qy ibTwieAw igAw[ iPr aus dw s`jw h`Q Awzwd kr ky aus ivc Curw PVwieAw igAw qy aus nUM Awpxy cwr swl dy pu`qr AjY isMG nUM kql krn vwsqy ikhw igAw (AjY isMG dI aumr sohn lwl sUrI Cy swl qy ^w&I ^wn s`q-A`T swl ilKdw hY jo Zlq hY)[ ies vyly bMdw isMG cupcwp Afol bYTw irhw[ ies ’qy j`lwd ny aus dy pu`qr ƒ kql kIqw igAw Aqy aus dw klyjw bMdw isMG dy mMUh ivc D`kx dI koiSS kIqI[ bMdw isMG mUMh Gu`t ky bYTw irhw[ muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk “pihlW aus dy b`cy dw bMd-bMd k`itAw igAw, pr aus ny koeI hr& AwpxI zubwn ’qy nw ilAWdw[ AwpxI A`K ivcoN hMJU kyrnw

qW iek pwsy irhw blik m`Qy v`t qk nw pwieAw qy muskurwaux vwlw mUMh bxieAw hoieAw

_s[”ccxxxi

bMdw isMG dy b`cy nUM kql krn mgroN iek qyzDwr hiQAwr nwl bMdw isMG dI s`jI A`K k`FI geI qy iPr K`bI A`K dw fylw vI k`F idqw igAw[ ies mgroN aus dw K`bw pYr qy iPr s`jw pYr v`Fy gey[ Aglw vwr aus dy dohW h`QW ’qy kIqw igAw[ ies mgroN jMbUrW nwl aus dw mws noicAw igAw qy A^Ir iek hQOVw mwr ky aus dw isr vI Pyh idqw igAw[ ies mgroN aus dI lwS dy

tukVy-tukVy kr idqy gey[

ies vyly koqvwl srbrwh ^wn Aqy mIr AwiqS iebrwhIm ^wn Awp hwizr sn[^ccxxxii iek irvwieq muqwibk ausy rwq Amr isMG kMboj KymkrnI bMdw isMG dy isr ’qy bMnHI lwl p`g

ivc aus dI lwS dy tukVy iek`Ty kr Foty dy tWfy (jMmU prgxw) ivc swihb kOr (pqnI bMdw isMG) kol lY igAw ij`Qy aus dw sskwr kr idqw[

(g`pW ilKx vwlw ilKwrI) igAwnI igAwn isMG bMdw isMG nUM hwQI ip`Cy bMnH ky GsIt ky mwrn dI g`l ilKdw hY[ aus muqwibk “swrw idn GsItx mgroN, bMdw isMG nUM mirAw jwx ky, jmnw dirAw dI q`qI qvI ’qy (Xwin bryqI ivc) su`t idqw igAw qW jo aus dI lwS nUM kW ku`qy Kw jwx[ pr iek PkIr ny aus nUM hoS ivc lY AWdw” (igAwnI igAwn isMG dI g`l bVI AjIb hY ik muZl &Oj ny muV ky auDr c`kr vI nw lwieAw qy muV ky aus dI lwS dw pqw vI nw kIqw[ ies ihswb nwl jmnw nyVy koeI muslmwn vI nhIN vsdw sI jo ies dI ^br srkwr nUM dyNdw)[ igAwnI igAwn isMG muqwibk “bMdw isMG TIk hox mgroN kSmIr v`l inkl igAw qy Awrwm nwl rihx lg ipAw” (qy koeI j`dojihd nhIN kIqI)[ mgroN, igAwnI igAwn isMG bMdw isMG nUM, 1741 ivc, Awm mOqy mirAw idKWdw hY[

igAwnI igAwn isMG bwry BweI krm isMG ihstorIAn AwpxI ikqwb ‘bwbw bMdw isMG’ ivc ilKdw hY: “is`KW dI bdiksmqI ik ienHW dy ieiqhws ilKwrI igAwnI igAwn isMG hoey[” lyK ‘AblwvW qy is`K’ ivc krm isMG ihstorIAn ilKdy hn: “…igAwnI igAwn isMG nUM g`pW mwrn dw SOk sI…[”

bMdw isMG dy bwkI swQIAW ƒ Agly idn 10 jUn nUM ShId kr idqw igAw[ ienHW ivc bwz isMG, BgvMq isMG, kuier isMG, Swm isMG, nwhr isMG, Syr isMG, Albyl isMG, rwm isMG prmwr, AwlI isMG, mwlI isMG, gulwb isMG b^SI, rwey isMG hzUrI vI Swiml sn[ BweI &qih isMG pihlW hI ShId ho cukw sI[

bMdw isMG Aqy is`KW dy ibAwn

jd bMdw isMG ƒ id`lI ilAWdw igAw qW aus dIAW kuJ g`lW muslmwn ilKwrIAW ny klmbMd kIqIAW sn[ ^w&I ^wn ilKdw hY: muhMmd AmIn ^wn aus ƒ p`uiCAw ik qYƒ iks kr ky ies jMg vwsqy mjbUr hoxw ipAw qW bMdw isMG ny jvwb idqw:

“jd (r`b qoN) bymuKqw qy pwp h`doN vD jWdy hn qW s`cw r`b ienHW pwpW dw &l Bugqwx vwsqy

myry vrgw bMdw muk`rr kr dyNdw hY qW jo aus jmwq dy krmW dI szw dyx dw kwrx bxy[ jdoN auh dunIAW ƒ aujwVnw cwhMudw hY qW auh dyS ƒ zwilmW dy pMjy ivc dy dyNdw hY[”^ccxxxiii

muhMmd hwrsI iebrqnwmw ivc ilKdw hY ik jd koeI is`K kYdIAW ƒ kihMdw ik ‘quhwƒ qW mwr dyxgy’ qW auh jvwb dyNdy:

“ibkuSyd! mw Az kuSqn kY mI qrsym? v Agr mI qrsIdym; icrw bw Sumw eIN kdr jMghw mI krdym! v mw mhz b-sb`b gursngI v &`kdwin AwzUkw b -dsiq Sumw au&qwdym! v ie`lw hkIkq bhwdrI-mw zXwdw Az AWich dId AwXd, m`wlUm Sumw mI Sud!” (“mwro inSMg! AsIN koeI mrnoN frdy AW? jy frdy huMdy qW quhwfy nwl eynI Gor jMg ikauN krdy[ AsIN qW B`uK qy ^urwk dI QuV kwrx quhwfy kwbU Aw gey AW; nhIN qW swfI bhwdrI dI hkIkq jo qusIN vyKI hY, eydoN vD quhwƒ mwlUm ho jWdI)[”

is`K nOjvwn dw AYlwn: “ieh myrI mW nhIN hY”

ies mOky ’qy iek hor AcMBw vI hoieAw[ iek nOjvwn is`K dI mW, imMnqW kr ky, rqn cMd dIvwn dI mdd nwl, v`fy vzIr seIAd Abdu`lw ^wn kol puj geI Aqy aus ny, ieh JUT bol ky ik ‘myrw pu`qr is`K nhIN hY’, Awpxy p`uqr dI irhweI dI ic`TI vsUl kr leI[ jd auh AOrq aus ic`TI ƒ lY ky j`lwd kol AweI qy ikhw ik ‘myrw puqr is`K nhIN hY ies ƒ C`f idqw jwvy[ mYN v`fy vzIr dw hukm lY AweI hW[’ ieh sux ky aus dw puqr cIK ipAw qy kihx lgw,“mn nmy dwnm ik eIN mwdr kIsq; v eIN A`rUs Az kujw Awvurdw! v eIN icgUnw su^nhwie mI goXd! r&Ikwin mn guzSqMd; v AknUM vkiq mw Az dsq mI rvd[ v eIN muhlq bwie~is Awzwir mwsq!! (mYN nhIN jwxdw ik ieh mW iks dI hY; qy ieh vhutI ik`QoN ilAweI hY! Aru ieh ikho ijhIAW g`lW peI krdI AY! myry swQI lMG gey ny; qy hux myrw vkq h`QoN jw irhw hY ieh GVI (ip`Cy rihxw)

myry vwsqy duKdweI hY[”
muMq^bul lubwb muqwibk ieh nOjvwn bMdw isMG dw swQI sI pr qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI	dw
lyKk ies mMufy ƒ bMdw isMG dw swQI nhIN blik aunHIN idnIN ikqoN hor PiVAw iek Awm	is`K

dsdw hY[ aus muqwibk ieh nOjvwn ivAwh krvw ky AwieAw sI qy aus nUM is`K hox kr ky igR&qwr kr ky bMdw isMG dy swQIAW nwl Swiml kr ilAw igAw sI[ aus dI mW qy aus dI vhutI ny &Ojdwr A`gy &irAwd kIqI sI[ pr qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI dw lyKk aus nOjvwn is`K dI ShIdI dw bwkI vyrvw (ik auh muMfw ‘ieh myrI mW nhIN hY’ kihMdw hY) auh vI iehI dyNdw hY[

bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI ’qy eInwmW dy g`Py

bwbw bMdw isMG Aqy is`KW nUM ‘igR&qwr’ krn dy bdly Abdus smd ^wn nUM bwdSwh ny ^Ub eInwmW dI JVI lw ky invwijAw igAw[ aus nUM Cy hzwr dw mnsb id`qw igAw Aqy iek sjI hoeI

pwlkI, keI hwQI qy GoVy, bhuq swry gihxy, hIirAW dI lVI (dsqwr nwl ltkwaux vwsqy), iek jVwaU jwmw, iek hIirAW dw hwr qy pMjwb dy keI prgny eInwm ivc id`qy gey[^ccxxxiv

lohgVH iklHw iks ny FwihAw qy ies nUM Fwhux ivc ikMnw smW l`gw?

muZl bwdSwh Aqy muZl &OjW dy jrnYl sFOrw Aqy lohgVH ikilHAW qoN bhuq fry hoey sn[ sFOrw dw iklHw aunHW ny sqMbr 1713 ivc Fwhuxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ lohgVH ikLHy bwry aunHW nUM hr vyly ^O& rihMdw sI ik jy is`KW ny ies iklHy ‘qy Pyr kbzw kr ilAw qW muZl &Oj dy hzwrW ispwhIAW nUM ie`Qy Pyr fwh ky, swlW b`DI j`dojihd kr ky qy hzwrW &OjI mrvw Aqy bhuq v`fw ^rcw kr ky vI sdIvI kbzw nhIN iml skxw, ikauN ik is`KW nUM AwpxIAW &OjI ZlqIAW dw iehsws ho cukw hoxw hY qy aunHW ny aunHW qoN bcx vwsqy aupwA kr lYxgy qy auh kdy vI Aw ky kwbz ho jwxgy[ ies kr ky &OjI jrnYlW dy suJwA ’qy muZl bwdSwh ny ies iklHy nUM Fwhux vwsqy hukm jwrI kr id`qy[

ies iklHy nUM Fwhux dI izMmydwrI mMifAwlw ipMf (AMimRqsr Aqy Jubwl, dohW qoN 13 iklomItr duUr) dy cODrI mUsw-aul-^wn, ijs nUM is`K m`sw rMGV kr ky jwxdy hn, nUM id`qI geI[ (ies nUM mgroN, 11 Agsq 1740 dy idn su`Kw isMG qy mihqwb isMG ny drbwr swihb dI hdUd ivc kql kIqw sI)[ bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ShIdI (9 jUn 1716) qoN mgroN ieh iklHw FwihAw jwxw SurU hoieAw[ ies kwrj vwsqy sYNkVy muZl ispwhI Aqy hzwrW mzdUr ilAWdy gey[ aunHW ny iek-iek phwV nUM XUint bxw ky iklHy dIAW dIvwrW, moricAW, nIhW Aqy rsiqAW nUM FwihAw jwxw SurU kIqw igAw[

audoN ies ielwky ivc l`KI rwey vxjwrw hyT kMm krn vwly hzwrW lok, ijnHW ivc &OjI vI sn (jo tWifAW dI rwKI vwsqy nwl cldy sn) Aqy rwj imsqrI vI sn (ijnHW ny jW ijHW dy v`fy-vfyirAW ny ieh iklHw bxwieAw sI) Aqy hiQAwr bxwaux vwly isklIgr vI sn[ aunHW dy t`br vI eyQy rihMdy sn[ muZlW ny iklHy dy iek-iek pVwA, iek-iek morcy nUM qoV ky, ienHw swry ipMfW ’qy iek-iek kr ky kzbw kr ilAw hovygw Aqy ie`QoN dy vwsI, ijnHW nUM l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy tWfy nwl sbMDq hox kr ky ‘vxjwry’ vI ikhw jWdw sI, nUM Aqy aunHW dy t`brW nUM kql kr ky, jW aunHW nUM DmkIAW dy ky eyQoN Bjw id`qw hovygw Aqy mgroN ienHW muZl ispwhIAW Aqy mzdUrW nUM ie`Qy vsw id`qw igAw[ ies ielwky ivc 1716 qk iek vI muslmwn nhIN rihMdw sI qy ieh swrI zmIn l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI sI[

mukwmI lokW muqwibk m`sw rMGV ny ie`Qy ipMf mCrOlI ivc Awpxw iklHw-numw mihl bxwieAw Aqy auh ie`Qy rih ky 20 swl qoN vD smW iklHw FuhwauNdw irhw[ ijs iklHy nUM bxwaux ivc 60-70 swl l`gy hox aus nU Fwhux vwsqy vI Gto-Gt aus qoN A`Dw smW qW lgxw cwhIdw hY[ mCrOlI ipMf ivc m`sw rMGV dy mihl dIAW inSwnIAW A`j vI mOjUd hn[ lohgVH Fwhux vwsqy ilAWdy ipwhI qy mzdUr ijs ipMf ivc rihMdy hox, Swied aunHW kr ky hI aus ipMf dww nW muZlvwlI cl ipAw hovy[ hux ijMny vI muslmwn ies ielwky ivc rihMdy hn auh aunHW muZl ispwhIAW Aqy mzdUrW dy vMSj hn ijnHW nUM 1716 qy 1740 dy ivckwr jW aus qoN mgroN ie`Qy ilAWdw igAw sI[

lohgVH qy sFOrw p`tI dy 50 qoN vD ipMf l`KI rwey dI jwiedwd sn qy au~Qy aus dy mulwzm vxjwry rihMdy sn[ muZlW ny iklHw Fwhux vwsqy ilAWdy muslmwn mzdUrW nUM l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI zmIn Aqy aus dy muzwry ‘vxjwrw’ rwjpUqW dIAW zmInW ’qy vsw id`qw sI[ ies dy bwvjUd vI

kuJ ipMfW ivc vxjwry rwjpUq rih gey sn[ ieh Swied auh hoxgy ijnHW ny muslmwnW nwl imlvrqx kIqw hovygw jW aunHW dw twkrw nw kIqw hovygw jW aunHW dy mzwirAW vwlw rol Adw kIqw hovgw[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik kuJ swlW mgroN hwlwq SWq hox mgroN kuJ ‘vxjwrw’ rwjpUq vwips prq Awey hox[ A`j vI bhuq swry ipMfW ivc bhuq swry vxjwry qy isklIgr rihMdy hn[ ieh swry gurU nwnk nwm-lyvw hn qy Awpxy Awp nUM is`K kihMdy hn[ Aj vI keI ipMf vxjwirAW dy ipMf hn, ijvyN eISrgVH, iesmwielwbwd, lohwrw, bIr sONqI, hrIpur mwjrI, KYrw, isMmlvwr, nKrojpr, BukrI, PwlSWdw, lwfvw, rauVkI, mMf KyVI, id`lI kw mwjrw, dyvI dws purw, nvwrsI

(izlHw kurukSyqr), ibgwV (&qhbwd), bwlsolw, nwnkpurw, nvW ngr (ipMjOr nwlwgVH mwrg ’qy), Syrpr, b`krvwlw, klysr, suMdr bhwdrpur, nOSihrw, iblwspur, bUVIAw, kuMjwl, brUfw (izlHw jmnwngr), im`Twpur, sgrwnI, ^wnpur, gnOlI (izlHw AMbwlw), rwiepur rwxI, Swhpur, rauVkI, cOkI, nwfw, Pqhpur, rYlI, kuMfI, sUrjpur, rwjIpur, ipMjOr, prympurw, kIrqpur, mOlwvwlI, krnpur, kraulI, kraul Pqh isMG, kraul maulw (izlHw pMckUlw)[ ies qoN ielwvw izlHw krnwl ivc (sMgoeI, Bwrw gwEN, klvwhI, myhqwmwtI, nyvwl, tIkrI, sugrI, Cwprw, dilAwnpur Awidk), crKI dwdrI, iBvwnI, rohqk, guVgwEN, koswlI, byhrI, gohwnw, mhyNdrgVH, nwrnOl, sonIpq, pwnIpq, GrONfw Awid ivc vI rihMdy hn[ ihmWcl ivc kyAwrdw, ptilEN, ikSnpur, Qwplpur (ij`Qy gurU hr rwie swihb 1645 qoN 1657 qk, qkrIbn 13 swl rhy sn qy ijs dw hux nW Gutnpur hY), isMGpurw, B`tvwlI, bMnyvwlI, molokvwlI, brotIvwlw, hrIpur, &qhbwd, ivkws ngr, slwKoeI, ivkrm bwZ Awid)[ pMjwb ivc vI ienHW dy bhuq ipMf hn, ijvyN: tWfI, nvW gwEN (cMfIgVH dy nwl, qihsIl KrV), msolI, ArwaulI, dwsovwlw, lubwngVH, auifAwvwlw, tWfw (qihsIl mwCIvwVw), mwdvwVw (qihsIl ropV), byht (qihsIl luiDAwxw) pMjwb, hirAwxw Aqy ihmWcl qoN ielwvw auqr pRdyS ivc tWfw (izlHw rwmpur) Aqy auqrwKMf ivc tWfw nW dy ipMfW ivc vI bhuq vxjwry rih rhy hn[ ieh swry Aj vI Awpxy jnm, ivAwh, mOq dy sMskwr is`K irvwieqW muqwibk hI krdy hn[

ieh vI sw& nzr AwauNdw hY ik ie`Qy muslmwn mzdUrW ivcoN QoVHy ijhy hI rih gey hoxgy ikauN ik 1852 dy irkwrfW ivc vI ieh jgh jMgl, ZYr Awbwd, ZYr-kwSq zmIn d`sI geI hY ijs ivc AbwdI dw koeI izkr nhIN hY[ ienHW ipMfW dI Asl c`kbMdI AMgryzI inzwm ivc hoeI sI[

lohgVH qy sFOrw iklHy Fwhy jwx qoN mgroN dy hwlwq

ikhw jWdw hY ik l`KI rwey vxjwrw kol Swhjhwn dy vyly 4 hzwr dw mnsb vI sI (AQr

AlI dI ikqwb ‘muZl noibiltI AMfr AOrMgzyb’ ivc drjnW ihMdU rwjpUqW Aqy mrh`itAW dy mnsbW dw izkr hY, pr, iksy vI is`K dw nW nhIN hY)[ pr, l`KI rwey vxjwrw kol Gto-Gt 3 l`K auT, hwQI, GoVy, bld qy K`cr Awid sn qy aus dy kwirMidAW dI igxqI XkInn hzwrW qy l`KW ivc hovygI, ijhVy ik aus dI AwpxI &Oj sI[

vxjwry qy isklIgr kbIly ikvyN bxy

l`KI Swwh dy vxj ivc syvw kr rhy hzwrW dI igxqI ivc jo kwirMdy Aqy aunHW dy prvwr sn, auh bykwr ho cuky sn[ ieh lok hux kMm dI qlwS ivc ieDr auDr iPrn lg pey[ kuJ Cotw-motw vxj krn lg pey[ kuJ hor kMmW nwl guzwrw krn lg pey[ BwvyN auh hux tWifAW dy rUp ivc lMmy rUt (bl^, bu^wrw, XwrkMd, smrkMd Awid qk) ’qy vxj vpwr nhIN sn krdy pr lok aunHW nUM vxjwry hI kihMdy sn[ ienHW ivcoN bhuqy rwjpUq qy KqrI sn[ iesy qrHW ijhVy lok gurU swihb, bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy l`KI Swh vxjwrw vwsqy hiQAwr bxwauNdy hn, auh vI hux bykwr ho cuky sn[ muZlW ny aunHW nUM kMm nhIN id`qw Aqy auh hux in`ky-moty kMm krn lg pey sn[

bhuq dyr mgroN vxjwry SihrW qy ipMfW ivc in`kw–motw swmwn lYjw ky vycx lg pey[ l`KI rwey dy tWifAW ivc rihx kr ky bhuiqAW kol vxj (vpwr) dw qjrbw sI[ aunHW nUM pqw huMdw sI ik iks ielwky ivc iks cIz dI mMg hY[ pr aunHW kol bhuqI pUjI nhIN sI[ ies kr ky auh v`fw vxj nhIN kr skdy sn[ ies kr ky auh QoVHI rws nwl lokW dIAW in`kIAW motIAW zrUrqW pUrIAW krn lg pey[ ieM\ auh ienHW PyrIAW dy vpwr ivcoN rozgwr kmwaux lg pey[ keI vwr qW auh lokW dI zrUrq vI bx jWdy sn iesy kr ky lok aunHW nUM Aksr aufIkdy rihMdy sn[ vxjwirAW dy mhwvry, AKwxW qy gIq vI bxn lg pey sn[

vxjwirAW vW| hI l`KI rwey vxjwrw, bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy lohgVH iklHy nwl sbMDq isklIgr lokW dI igxqI vI bhuq izAwdw sI qy aunHW nUM iek jgh kMm imlx dI koeI aumId nhIN sI, ies kr ky auh cwry pwsy jwx lg pey qW jo aunHW nUM kMm iml sky[ aunW ivcoN bhuq swry mrh`itAW dy ielwky v`l vI inkl gey; kuJ kumwEN vl cly gey qy kuJ rwjpUq rwijAW v`l, pr iksy vI rwjy, pySvw, cODrI jW zmINdwr ny aunHW nUM hiQAwr bxwaux vwsqy kwr^wny lw ky nw id`qy[ ies dw iek kwrn ieh vI sI ik auh is`KI srUp ivc sn qy aunHW ny Awpxw Drm C`f dyx Aqy kys, dwVHI k`tx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw sI[ ies hwlq ivc aunHW nUM qMbUAW, KYimAW Aqy JONpVIAW ivc rih ky Coty-v`fy, hr qrHW dy kMm krny pey[ ij`Qy vI kMm Gt jWdw auh A`gy inkl jWdy sn[ iesy kr ky bMdw isMG Aqy l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy tWifAW nwl sbMDq vxjwry Aqy isklIgr pMjwb qoN mhWrwstr qk keI jgh Kymy lw ky rihx lg pey sn qy aunW ivc keI qW A`j vI iPrdy rihMdy hn pr kuJ ienHW ielwikAW ivc rihx lg pey hn[

Aw^rI g`l

lohgVH dw muZlIAw slqnq ’qy Asr

ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik muZlW ny sFOrw Aqy lohgVH ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI Aqy ienHW nUM Fwh id`qw sI[ aunHW ny bMdw isMG bhwdr qy hzwrW is`KW nUM kql vI kr id`qw sI[ pr, ies ny muZlIAw slqnq dI qbwhI dw AwZwz vI kr id`qw sI[ bMdw isMG ny isr& pMj swl dy Arsy ivc do so swl qoN Swn nwl cl rhI qwkqvr muZlIAw slqnq nUM qbwh kr ky r`K id`qw sI[ SwhI ^zwnw ^wlI ho cukw sI[ pMjwh hzwr qoN vI vD &OjI mwry gey sn, ijnHW ivc bhuq swry jrnYl vI sn[ bMdw isMG ny muZl hwkmW dw haUAw ^qm kr id`qw sI[ jMmU qoN id`lI qk, qy auDr shwrnpur dy duAwly dw ielwkw vI, qbwh ho cukw sI[ ies mgroN vI, bMdw isMG dI ShIdI (1716) qoN 1760 qk, BwvyN is`K pMjwb ’qy kwbz nhIN sn, pr ieh swry smy ivc muZlW dw bhqw pYsw, qwkq qy iDAwn is`KW nwl t`kr lYx ivc hI ^rc huMdI irhw, ijs ny muZl hkUmq dIAW jVHW ihlw id`qIAW[ (fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AMqkw

bwbw bMdw isMG qy is`K &OjW dy i^lw& lVn vwly 3 muslmwn bwdSwh, 5 Sihzwdy, 30 ihMdU rwjy qy jrnYl, 120 sInIAr muslmwn jrnYl, &Ojdwr qy sUbydwr Aqy jhwdIey:

bwdSwh: bhwdr Swh, jhWdwr swh, &r`^sIAr

Sihzwdy: r&I-auS-Swn, AzImu`Swn, r&I-auS-swn, jhwn Swh, ^uizSqw A^qr

ihMdU rwjy qy jrnYl: su`cw nMd, rwjw cyq isMh qy rwjy igAwn cMd, jgq cMd qy bwj bhwdr cMd (kmwEN), rwjw AnUp isMh, Cqrswl buMdylw, cUVwmin jwt, rwjw EdIp isMh, rwjw gopwl isMh BdwvVIAw, ipRQI cMd, auidq isMh buMdylw, bdn isMh buMdylw, AjIq isMh (rwjw joDpur), bcn isMh kCvwhw qy jY isMh svweI (rwjw jYpur), Amr isMh (rwjw Ajmyr), hmIr cMd ktoc (rwjw kWgVw), rwjw jsrotIey dw puqr hir dyv, ikrpwl dyv qy Druv dyv (rwjy jMmU), BUp pRkwS (nwhn), mwn isMh (rwjw ku`lU), kYQl dw Awiml, lwl kMvr gu`jr, tofr m`l dw poqrw, sMqoK rwey kwnUMngo (klwnOr), rwjw dXw DMmw/Drmw (nUrpur), ikSn isMh (nrokw), sWvl dws (dIvwn ZwzI ^wn), it`kw rwm (drogw id`lI)

muslmwn sUbydwr, &Ojdwr qy jrnYl: vzIr ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), muneIm ^wn (^wn ^wnW) qy aus dy do pu`qr: mhwbq ^wn qy ^wn zmwn bhwdr, ieslwm ^wn (mIr AwiqS), hmId-aud-^wn, sr&rwz ^wn bhwdr (bihroz ^wn) qy aus dw pu`qr sY&-aulHw-^wn, Aihqmwn ^wn qy aus dw pu`qr luq&-aulHw ^wn, muhMmd AmIn ^wn (pihloN sUbydwr murwdwbwd, iPr bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm dw muKI) qy aus dw pu`qr kmr-aud-dIn (mgroN pRweIm minstr), zuli&kwr ^wn (b^SI-aul mulk), koklqwS ^wn bhwdr, Kvwjw hsn ^wn, Skru`lw ^wn, iebrwhIm ^wn (mIr AwiqS), srbrwh ^wn (koqvwl, id`lI), bwVw dw seIAd Abdu`lw ^wn (sUbydwr Alwhwbwd) seIAd husYn AlI ^wn qy seIAd vjIh-aud-dIn (bwVHw), rusqm idl ^wn qy aus dw Brw sulqwn kulI ^wn, Abdus smd ^wn (mgroN sUbydwr jMmU qy lwhOr) qy aus dw pu`qr zkrIAw ^wn (mgroN sUbydwr jMmU qy lwhOr), cug`qw ^wn, Swhinvwz ^wn, A&rwisAwb ^wn, S&iSkn ^wn, i&roz ^wn myvwqI (sUbydwr srhMd), zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (pihloN sUbydwr iskMdrwbwrd qy myrT qy Pyr srhMd), muhMmd rusqm ZwzI ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), hkIm moieqmd-aul -mulk, rihmwn Xwr ^wn, Aqw-aulHw ^wn, &qih-aulHw ^wn, mohqm ^wn, rwey rweIAW, jnI ^wn, i&dvI ^wn, Abdul krIr ^wn, AkIdq ^wn (pu`qr AmIr ^wn), muhMmd AlI ^wn (b^SI jhWdwr ^wn), AbU-aul-kwism (nwieb &Ojdwr srhMd), muhMmd bkw (&Ojdwr &qihbwd), muhMMmd AmIn (&Ojdwr rjOVI), jlwl ^wn (&Ojdwr rohqk), sY&-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr gujrwq), Azhr ^wn (&Ojdwr vzIrwbwd), ierwdq mMd ^wn (sUbydwr eymnwbwd), nUr muhMmd ^wn (&Ojdwr AOrMgbwd qy psrUr), SyK muhMmd dwXm (&Ojdwr btwlw), suhrwb ^wn (&Ojdwr klwnOr), Awir& byZ ^wn (nwieb sUbydwr lwhOr), sulqwn ^wn (sUbydwr jMmU), s`dwq ^wn (sUbydwr kSmIr), muhMmd AlI ^wn (nwieb sUbydwr kSmIr), jlwlwbwd dw &Ojdwr jlwl ^wn, aus dw pu`qr dIndwr ^wn, poqry Zulwm muhMmd binAwrw qy pIr muhMmd ^wn, BxyvW Zulwm muhMmd ^wn qy BqIjw hjbr ^wn qy jrnYl s`dwq ^wn, shwrnpur dw &Ojdwr muhMmd AlI ^wn Aqy aus dy BqIjy pIr ^wn qy jmwl ^wn, kdm-aud-dIn (kpUrI), ausmwn ^wn (sFOrw), Syr muhMmd ^wn

(mlyrkotlw), iKjr ^wn qy aus dy pu`qr ^wn AlI qy muhMmd b^S (mlyrkotlw), inzwmul mulk Asd ^wn (id`lI), jrnYl: A&zl ^wn, ^wn bhwdr, SmSyr ^wn, Abd`ulw ^wn (pMjy id`lI), Sms ^wn (&Ojdwr sulqwnpur, jlMDr-doAwb), bwiezId ^wn aur& kuqbdIn ^ySgI (&Ojdwr jMmU), dOlq mueIn dw pu`qr eIsw ^wn (&Ojdwr jlMDr-doAwb), eIsw ^wn mM\ (&Ojdwr jMgl dys), aumr ^wn (&Ojdwr ksUr), sY& ^wn (&Ojdwr sulqwnpur), ausmwn ^wn krwvl, nusrq ^wn, seIAd hsn ^wn, zorwvr ^wn, rxbwz ^wn, Syr ^wn (swry jrnYl), SY^ Aihmd SY^u`l-ihMd (btwlw), suhrwb ^wn (klwnOr), jrnYl eInwm ^wn, sdwq ^wn (kotlw), ASr& ^wn (&Ojdwr hirAwxw), Kvwjw sulqwn (gurj brdwr), seIAd Azmqu`lw ^wn (zmINdwr rjOVI), hoSdwr ^wn (&Ojdwr jlMDr-doAwb), qlvn (jlMDr-doAwb) dy zmINdwr: muZl byZ ^wn, durlb ^wn, Abdul smd ^wn qy ienwieq ^wn; ienwm ^wn vwlwSwhI, imrzw Swh invwz, dOlq byZ ^wn, swlyh ^wn, &qih-aulw-^wn, muhMmd Aslm (vkIl ZwzI ^wn), i&roz jMg ^wn, mOlvI murwdu`lw, Abdul kwdr, mih&Uz ^wn, muhMMmd ^wn, jrnYl AbU-aul-mulk (BqIjw zYn-aud-dIn, &Ojdwr srhMd), Kvwjw muk`rm (&Ojdwr rUpV), Sr&-aud-dIn (b^SI srhMd); &Ojdwr p`tI qy kI hor ijnHW dy nW qvwrI^ ivc nhIN imldy[

lwhOr dy jhwdIey: pIr muhMmd qkI, mUsw byZ, Swh ienwiequ`lw, muhMmd zmwn rMGV qy mu`lW mIr muhMmd

dUjy mOlvI: mOlvI ivrdI byZ lwhOr, Swh muhMMmd kwzI bUVIAw[

{ies swrI sm`grI dw kwpI rweIt fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr dw hY}

bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr bwry rwibMdr nwQ tYgor dI nzm

Banda Singh Bahadur

(A poem by Rabinder Nath Tagore)

In the prominent royal Mogul court of Delhi King’s sleep will break-up hundred times daily There was such a dreadful fright in his heart

In his consciousness painful sighs were brought What fire scorched his heart no one knows

All of a sudden he was jumping in fiery blows It appeared like red hot sky from the Delhi court

King’s heart shaking, seeking Godly support

Rivers of blood were flowing on the five rivers’ land

Sikhs were facing persecutions for some ideal ground Smeared in blood, they were saying thanks in gratitude Patiently, regardless of comforts, they were in solitude They crossed their way with the Moguls might

With faithful heart they remembered God in sight Maiden decorated with mark of blood, their foreheads What sort of people are Sikhs, with such eagerness They move like moth, looking at burning all around Without delay they line up ready to fight duty bound They play jokes with death, and like lions they roar Wherever they stare and rebuke, enemy is no more Brave warriors jumped in fray with hand to hand attack They quickly hawk assaulting caught the deadly foe Like flying hawk assaulting a deadly poisonous snake Squeezing them in his claws from tip to toe Innumerable was the enemy army, Sikhs were very few They were surrounded in chains and were put in queue

Clothes soaked in blood, bodies full of wounds and bruises Intestines fall in tummy but they had faith and confidence The enemy was battered by the dashing Banda Singh sage Moguls fought back and tied him like brave lion in cage

Surrounded him from all the sides and imprisoned the hero’s chum

Then they moved towards Delhi, on the beat of kettle-drum The Mogul army departed towards the Capital of Delhi city They moved like hurricane, without stopping or any pity Seven hundred Sikhs were imprisoned and curled-up in chains

It was a disgusting sight, an extraordinary incident, full of pains On every pointed spear, the head of Sikh was hanging

Streams of blood dripping, the sight will give a panging Sikh prisoners shackled in chains, shouted this voice of cry

O! Our true saviour preserve thy honour, don’t let panth shy Spectators gathered in the heart of Delhi’s Chandni Chowk

This caravan of Sikhs was quite out of strength and in shock Outside they were dull and defeated, inside enjoying thrill

Greeting loudly the victory of Guru and obedient to His will The onlookers revealed an extraordinary and peculiar tale The prisoners started argument as nobody wanted to fail Everybody wanted to be first in their turn to meet the fate

All wanted to meet the Beloved, Gobind through life’s gate

The wheel of death started, the murderers were on assault An applause was echoed, whenever the sword was at fault The Sikhs were being butchered, going forward for sacrifice It was game of seven days for seven hundred heroes nice Chief Banda Singh was in the clutches of destiny or fate Next they brought forward to kill his little son ever so great The Kazi passed on to Banda Singh the killer sword grand

He ordered him to cut his son’s head as it was royal command Sons are symbols of worldliness for formality in social affairs If someone rebukes them one feels like to pull his hairs

What sort of test in life, to kill one’s own son, was shaping The thing one can’t even imagine, the same was happening Banda first picked his son and loved and caressed him Then he tried to explain the role and character of Sikhism; Prince Fateh and Jujhar Singh were also children like you

Now in the test time and what they achieved you can also do Greeting the victory loudly, the little son was revitalized

If life goes, the custom of Sikhism is, let it be sacrificed For holder of righteousness definite victory will be at last

His love won’t be wasted; he meets the Beloved very fast

The Kazi became angry as he could not bear the splendour The executioner attacked the child and he started to flutter Even then this strange trick of destiny could not succeed Plump intestines jumping softly, the earth was red indeed It is written in the history that Banda remained unmoved In his mouth soft plump heart of slayed child was forced In this hard probation Banda remained unshaken, steady The history will cry when going through its own study

It was such a dreadful scene that onlookers could not spy Snatching with pincers first they took out his both eyes Iron bars were made red hot to burn his body limbs ready The Sikh greeted the victory loudly and soul left the body

The Sky echoed with kettle-drum beat, banner flying like kite Once a hero takes a battlefield, he is eager to show his might A true warrior is one, who fights for sake of humble and meek

He might be cut into the pieces, but to leave battlefield will never seek

ccxxxv

ⁱ ^w&I ^wn, muMq^bul lubwb, cYptr 2, s&w 660.

GuVwm iek pRwcIn ngr sI Aqy ies dw iklHw bVI AhmIAq rKdw sI[ ieh iklHw muhMmd ZOrI dy vyly qoN hI v`fIAW isAwsI srgrmIAW dw kyNdr irhw sI[ kuqb dIn AYbk dy smyN ieh kuJ icr vwsqy rwjDwnI vI irhw sI[ rzIAW sulqwnw ny ies nUM SwhI kYdIAW dI jylH dy qOr ’qy vriqAw sI[ aus ny Awpxy Brw nUM vI ies iklHy ivc kYd kIqw sI[

kwmvr, qzikrwqu slwqIn cg`qw, s&y 93-94.

audoN sqluj dirAw bihlolpur Aqy mwCIvwVw dy pYrW ivc vgdw sI[ 1753 ivc dirAw ny ru^ bdl ilAw sI[ hux dirAw au¤qrI pwsy vl 10 iklomItr dUr vihMdw hY.
^w&I ^wn, muMq^b-aul-lubwb, cYptr 2, s&w 653.

^w&I ^wn, auhI, cYptr 2, s&w 652-53.

AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 414.
_auhI
ierivn muqwibk audoN vzIr ^wn dI aumr 80 swl sI (lytr muZlz, ih`sw pihlw, s&w 96).

^w&I ^wn, muMq^bul lubwb, ijld 2, s&w 653, ierivn, lytr muZlz, ijld pihlI, s&w 96, AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw AYz tolf bweI iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 414.
qwrI^y pMjwb, s&w 59.

ihstrI Aw& pMjwb, s&w 274.

mIr muhMmd Aihsn iejwd, Swhnwmw.

^w&I ^wn, auhI, cYptr 2, s&w 654.

muhMmd kwism, iebrqnwmw, CpI ikqwb dy s&y 133-46, ibRitS lwiebryrI dI h`Q-ilKq dy s&y 26 bI

qoN 35 bI).

qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI.

A^bwrwiq drbwir muA`lw, 20 meI 1710.

^xviii‘sUrj prkwS’ dw ilKwrI sMqoK isMG (ijs ny is`K qvwrI^ nUM r`j ky ivgwiVAw) srhMd dI lVweI 1707 ivc, gurU goib Md isMG swihb dy nMdyV ivc huMidAW, krvw ky aunHW koloN ies ’qy ^uSI dw iezhwr krvwauNdw hY[ sMqoK isMG dI nkl mwr ky dUjw gpOV-ilKwrI igAwnI igAwn isMG vI ieh lVweI jyT 1764, Xwin 1707, ivc krvwauNdw hY[

qzikrwqul slwqIn-ie-cg`qw, s&y 93-94.

A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 6 nvMbr 1710.

A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 1 dsMbr 1710.

^uSvkq rwie, qÍwrI^y is`KW.

AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 419, muhMmd lqI&, ihstrI Aw& d pMjwb, s&w 275 (1964 dI AYfISn).
audoN cimAwrI iek v`fw ksbw sI Aqy ie`Qy iek iklHw vI sI.

muhMmd kwism, iebrq nwmw Aqy knHeIAw lwl qÍwrI^y is`KW.

qzikrw slwqIn cug`qw, A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw.

A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 AkqUbr 1709
A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 25 &rvrI 1710.

A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 ApRYl 1710.

A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 meI 1710.

A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 meI 1710.
A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 meI 1710.

A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 meI 1710.

A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 20 meI 1710.

A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 24 meI 1710.
A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 27 meI 1710.
A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 meI 1710.
A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 jUn 1710.
rwjpUq rwijAW bwry vKrI q&sIl vyKo.

^xl A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 jUn 1710. ^xli A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 11 jUn 1710.

^xlii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 22 jUn 1710. ^xliii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 1 julweI 1710. ^xliv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 2 julweI 1710. ^xlv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 8 julweI 1710. ^xlvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 julweI 1710.

^xlvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 25 julweI 1710. ^xlviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 julweI 1710 ^xlix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 Agsq 1710 ^l A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 Agsq 1710. ^li A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 Agsq 1710 ^lii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 29 Agsq 1710 ^liii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 sqMbr 1710 ^liv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 2 AkqUbr 1710 ^lv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 AkqUbr 1710

^lvi ^w&I ^wn, ijld dUjI, s&w 658. (hux ies srW dw nW-inSwn vI bwkI nhIN hY) ^lvii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 31-32.

^lviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 20 AkqUbr 1710 ^lix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 1 nvMbr 1710

^lx kwmvr ^wn: qzikrw slwqIn cg`qw, s&w 103 (AlI ndIm irzvI dw qrjmw).

^lxi pMcolI jgjIvn dws dw rwjw jYpur nUM, 26 dsMbr 1710 dy idn iliKAw ^q, sIrIAl nMbr 1,

ArzdwSq nMbr 195 (rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN). ^lxii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 24 nvMbr 1710

^lxiii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, pqry (s&y) 31-32. ^lxiv ^w&I ^wn, muMq^b-aul-lubwb, ijld 2, s&y 671-72.

^lxv ^w&I ^wn, muMq^bul lubwb, ijld 2, s&w 671, ierivn, lytr muZlz, ijld pihlI, s&w 111.

^lxvi ^w&I ^wn, muMq^bul lubwb , ijld 2, s&w 669-70, AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 423-24, kwmvr, s&w 153 ey.

^lxvii AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ijld 7, s&w 424.

^lxviii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI: Ahvwl-aul-KvwkIn, (sMpwdk blvMq isMG iF`loN), s&y 40-43. ^lxix ^w&I ^wn, muMq^b-aul-lubwb, ijld 2, s&w 672-73.

^lxx muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, Aihvwl-aul-^vwkIn, pqry 34 qoN 37.

^lxxi AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 555-

56.

^lxxii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&w 32.

^lxxiii ieh cUVwmxI j`t iek ihMdU jrnYl sI, jo bhwdr Swh dy bwZI Brw qwrw Awzm dw swQI sI[ pr jnvrI 1709 dI lVweI ivc qwrw Awzm dI hwr qy mOq mgroN ies ny qwrw Awzm dw ^zwnw lu`t ilAw sI qy bhwdr Swh nwl Aw rilAw sI)[

^lxxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 3	dsMbr	1710.
^lxxv AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 425.
^lxxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 6	dsMbr	1710.
^lxxvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 6 dsMMbr 1710
^lxxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 dsMMbr 1710
^lxxix muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI: Ahvwl-aul-KvwkIn, (sMpwdk blvMq isMG iF`loN), s&w 37.
^lxxx iBKwrI dws v`loN rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 17 mwrc 1711 dy idn ByjI ArzdwSq, sIrIAl			nMbr 13,
vkIl irport nMbr 45. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).
^lxxxi pMcolI jgjIvn dws v`loN 26 dsMbr 1710 dy idn rwjw jYpur nUM ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 1,
ArzdwSq 195. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).
^lxxxii dIvwn iBKwrI dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 10 jnvrI 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr			2, vkIl
irport nMbr 11. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^lxxxiii mgroN &rvrI 1716 ivc bMdw isMG nUM vI iesy ipMjry ivc id`lI iljwieAw igAw sI qy slImgVH iklHy ivc hI kYd r`iKAw igAw sI.

^lxxxiv pMcolI jgjIvn dws v`loN 24 mwrc 1711 dy idn rwjw jYpur nUM ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 16, vkIl irport nMbr 48. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^lxxxv mgroN bhwdr Swh dI mOq mgroN nvyN bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh ny 2 julweI 1712 ƒ nwhn dy nwbwlg rwjy ƒ kYd ivcoN drbwr ivc bulwieAw[ (aus ƒ bYTx dI iejwzq nw idqI geI qy KVHw riKAw igAw)[ aus ƒ iksy izMmydwr S^s dI zwmnI ’qy irhw krn dw hukm idqw igAw qy aus v`loN v&wdwrI zwihr krn bdly aus nUM iK`lq Byt kIqI geI}[

^lxxxvi dIvwn iBKwrI dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 27 jnvrI 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 5, vkIl irport nMbr 25. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN)[ iek l`K rupY dy gihxy bxwaux dI g`l A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw dI 22 jnvrI dI AYNtrI ivc vI ilKI imldI hY.

^lxxxvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 1 jnvrI 1711. ^lxxxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 9 &rvrI 1711.

^lxxxix pMcolI jgjIvn dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 6 mwrc 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 10, vkIl irport nMbr 351. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xc A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 20 mwrc 1711.

^xci pMcolI jgjIvn dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 24 mwrc 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 16, vkIl irport nMbr 48. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xcii iBKwrI dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 18 ApRYl 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 20, vkIl irport nMbr 51. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xciii iBKwrI dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 26 ApRYl 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 21, vkIl irport nMbr 52. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xciv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 20 meI 1711. ^xcv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 1 Agsq 1711.

^xcvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 meI 1710. 13 jUn 1711 dy idn muZl drbwr ivc jYpur dy rwjy dy numwieMdy ibhwrI dws pMcolI v`loN Awpxy rwjy nUM ^q (bMfl nMbr 1, frw&t KrIqw 73, sIrIAl nMbr 32) ilK ky ikhw sI ik bMdw isMG dy ^q sbMDI AxgihlI krnI cMgI g`l nhIN hovygI[ Xwin, aus ny rwjy nUM bMdw isMG nwl sbMD nw r`Kx dI slwh id`qI sI}[ 11 sqMbr 1711 dy idn rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM is`KW v`loN iek hor ^q Byjy jwx dw izkr vI imldw hY[

^xcvii dIvwn iBKwrI dws dI rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 7 mwrc 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl 11, vkIl irport nMbr 311 Aqy pMcolI jgjIvn dws dI rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 13 mwrc 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 12, vkIl irport nMbr 44). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xcviii pMcolI jgjIvn dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 3 jUn 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 28, vkIl irport nMbr 61. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xcix bMfl nMbr 1, frw&t KrIqw 73, sIrIAl nMbr 32. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^c sIrIAl nMbr 42, vkIl irport 76, 22 Agsq 1711 dI Aqy pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 28 Agsq 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^ci jwdU nwQ srkwr jYpur irkwrfz, ijld 14, s&y 213-14. hvwlw fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN: bMdw isMG bhwdr: &wrsI sroq, s&y 49-50.

^cii 16 sqMbr 1711 dy idn rwjw jYpur nUM ilKI ArzdwSq, sIrIAl nMbr 50, vkIl irport nMbr 317. (rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^ciii pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 24 sqMbr 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 51, vkIl irport nMbr vkIl irport 90). sIrIAl nMbr 48, vkIl irport nMbr 81. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^civ pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 23 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 52, vkIl irport nMbr 100). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cv pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 4 nvMbr 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 53, vkIl irport nMbr 108). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cvi rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 7 dsMbr 1711 dy idn ilKI ArzdwSq, sIrIAl nMbr 54, vkIl irport nMbr 114). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cvii pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 19 dsMbr 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 55, vkIl irport nMbr 118). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 30 nvMbr 1711.

^cix ibhwrI dws pMcolI v`loN 13 jUn 1711 dy idn iliKAw prvwnw, sIrIAl nMbr 32, bMfl nMbr 1, frw&t KrIqw 73). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cx dIvwn iBKwrI dws	dI	ic`TI,	vkIl	irport	nMbr	45, 46). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts	Aw`n
bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).
^cxi dIvwn iBKwrI dws	dI	ic`TI,	vkIl	irport	nMbr	311). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n	bMdw

isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cxii dIvwn iBKwrI dws dI ic`TI, vkIl irport nMbr 46. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cxiii klwnOr aus vyly lwhOr qoN mgroN mwJy dw sB qoN v`fw Sihr sI[ ieh auhI Sihr sI ij`Qy 1555 ivc Akbr dI qwjpoSI hoeI sI[ ies Sihr ivc iek Swndwr iklHw Aqy bhuq swrIAW v`fIAW-v`fIAW hvylIAW sn[

^cxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 ApRYl 1711.

^cxv pMcolI jgjIvn dws vkIl dI irport, nMbr 48. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 7 AprYl 1711. ^cxvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 15 ApRYl 1711. ^cxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 ApRYl 1711. ^cxix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 meI 1711.

^cxx A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 9 meI 1711. ^cxxi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 meI 1711. ^cxxii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 15 meI 1711. ^cxxiii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 18 meI 1711. ^cxxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 19 meI 1711. ^cxxv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 4 jUn 1711. ^cxxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 7 jUn 1711. ^cxxvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 13 jUn 1711. ^cxxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 16 jUn 1711.

^cxxix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 Agsq 1711. ^cxxx A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 3 nvMbr 1711. ^cxxxi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 nvMbr 1711. ^cxxxii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 12 nvMbr 1711. ^cxxxiii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 14 nvMbr 1711. ^cxxxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 22 jnvrI 1712. ^cxxxv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 jnvrI 1712. ^cxxxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 13 &rvrI 1712.

^cxxxvii BMfwrI iKvsI dI rwjw jYpur nUM 10 mwrc 1712 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 57, vkIl irport nMbr 266. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cxxxviii BMfwrI iKvsI v`loN jYpur dy rwjy nUM, 10 mwrc 1712 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl 57, vkIl irport 266. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN)[ iehI ^br Arzdwsq, sIrIAl nMbr 58, vkIl irport nMbr 267, qwrI^ 10 mwrc 1712 rwhIN vI id`qI hoeI hY[

^cxxxix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 29 mwrc 1712, 5 ApRYl 1712 qy 9 ApRYl 1712. ^cxl A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 ApRYl 1712.

^cxli A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 20 meI 1712, qy 22 meI 1712. ^cxlii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 29 meI 1712.

^cxliii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 11 qy 12 jUn qy 12 julweI 1712. ^cxliv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 1 sqMbr 1712.

^cxlv auhI.

^cxlvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 2 AkqUbr 1712. ^cxlvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 15 AkqUbr 1712. ^cxlviii ierivn, lytr muZlz, s&w 206.

^cxlix auhI.

^cl A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 26 qy 27 jnvrI 1713. ^cli A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 11-12-14 &rvrI 1713.

^clii drAsl AjIq isMh joDpurIey ny AwpxI DI &r`^sIAr nUM dyxI mMn leI sI[ mgroN 6 julweI nUM seIAd husYn AlI ^wn ies kuVI dw folw lY ky joDpur qoN AlIvrd dI srW ivc phuMc igAw[ 13 sqMbr nUM ieh rwjkumwrI id`lI phuMcI ij`Qy 17 sqMbr nUM bwdSwh dI mW ny aus nUM klmw pVHw ky mslmwnI bxwieAw qy SwhI kwzI ny aus dI mMgxI dI rsm Adw kIqI[ jd ieh SwdI hoeI qW &ru^sIAwr ^UnI bvwsIr kwrn bImwr sI[ ies kr ky auh AjIq isMh dI DI nwl do mhIny qk syj ’qy nw jw sikAw[ (aus dw ielwj iek AMgryz fwktr ivlIAm hYimltn ny kIqw qy bMgwl ivc AMgryzW vwsqy kstm ifaUtI muAw& krvweI)[ (ierinv, lytr muZlz, s&w 305 )[ &ru^sIAr dy kql mgroN rwjw AjIq isMh ny AwpxI DI nUM 16 julweI 1719 nUM &ru^sIAwr dy hrm ’coN ‘Awzwd’ krvwieAw Aqy aus nUM iPr ihMdU bxw ky, aus dI swrI dOlq sxy joDpur lY igAw[ ies dI muslmwnW ny bVI mu^wl&q kIqI pr vzIr Abdu`lw ^wn ny rwjw AjIq isMh dI pUrI mdd kr ky aus dI DI nUM mih&Uz au~QoN kFvw id`qw[ (ierivn, s&w 401)

^cliii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 mwrc 1713. ^cliv Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67.

^clv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 21 mwrc 1713. ^clvi Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67.

^clvii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67. ^clviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 16 mwrc 1713.

^clix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw , 2 ApRYl 1713.

^clx jyT m`l v`loN jYpur dy rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM, ApRYl 1713 ivc, ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 62, ArzdwSq nMbr 145. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^clxi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 27 qy 28 jUn 1713. ^clxii Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67.

^clxiii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 jUn 1713. ^clxiv Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&w 68.

^clxv pr muhMmd kwism ies lVweI nUM lohgVH ivc hoeI dsdw hY, jo ik Zlq hY[ lohgVH ’qy hmlw, ies qoN

4 mhIny mgroN, 13 nvMbr 1713 nUM kIqw igAw sI[ ^clxvi Fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr, gurU dy Syr. ^clxvii Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&w 68.

^clxviii jyT m`l v`loN jYpur dy rwjw jY isMG svweI nUM 6 Agsq 1713 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 63, ArzdwSq nMbr 139. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

clxix _auhI.

^clxx jyT m`l vloN rwjw jYpur nUM 6 Agsq 1713 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 63, ArzdwSq nMbr 139. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^clxxi auhI.

^clxxii jyT m`l v`loN jYpur dy rwjw jY isMG svweI nUM 6 Agsq 1713 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 63, ArzdwSq nMbr 139. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^clxxiii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI: Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67. ^clxxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 24 sqMbr 1713.

^clxxv muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI: Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67.

^clxxvi jyT m`l v`loN jYpur dy rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM, ApRYl 1713 ivc, ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 62, ArzdwSq nMbr 145. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^clxxvii cauby jyT m`l v`loN jYpur dy rwjy nUM 27 qy 29 Agsq 1713 dy idn ilKy ^q (sIrIAl nMbr 64, Arzdwsq nMbr 161. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^clxxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 AkqUbr 1713. ^clxxix lytr muZlz, s&w 310.

^clxxx A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 16 nvMbr 1713. ^clxxxi Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 68-69.

^clxxxii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 29 nvMbr 1713. ^clxxxiii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 24 &rvrI 1714. ^clxxxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 16 Agsq 1713 ^clxxxv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 11 dsMbr 1713.

^clxxxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 23 qy 24 &rvrI 1714. ^clxxxvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 17 ApRYl 1714. ^clxxxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 7 meI 1714.

^clxxxix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 29 meI 1714.

^cxc Aj-klH dhonw nW dw koeI ipMf ies ielwky ivc nhIN hY, iek mwxkpur zrUr hY jo srhMd qoN 35 iklomItr dUr tMgorI Aqy mohwlI dy nyVy hY.

^cxci A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 jUn 1714.

^cxcii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 9 qy 10 julweI 1714. ^cxciii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 18 qy 19 julweI 1714.

^cxciv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 Agsq 1714. ^cxcv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 Agsq 1714. ^cxcvi ierivMg lytr muZlz, ijld pihlI, s&w 311.

^cxcvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 qy 24 &rvrI 1715. ^cxcviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 &rvrI 1715.

^cxcix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 &rvrI 1715. ^cc A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 2 mwrc 1715.

^cci A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 mwrc 1715.

^ccii ^w&I ^wn, muMq^b-aul-lubwb, ijld 2, s&w 861.

^cciii mgroN 1748 ivc iesy kmr-aud-dIn dw pu`qr mIr mMnU lwhOr dw sUbydwr bixAw sI qy aus ny is`KW ’qy bypnwh zulm Fwhy sn.

^cciv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 15 mwrc 1715.

^ccv Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121 qoN 124 (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^ccvi auhI

^ccvii AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw`& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld dUjI, s&w

457.

^ccviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 ApRYl 1715. ^ccix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 ApRYl 1715.

^ccx ierivn, lytr muZlz, ijld pihlI, s&w 313. ^ccxi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 ApRYl 1715. ^ccxii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 28 ApRYl 1715.

^ccxiii muhMmd kwism, iebrqnwmw, ibRitS lwiebryrI lMfn ivcly dsqwvyz dy s&y 57 bI qoN 61 ey, CpI hoeI AYfISn dy s&y 180-84.

^ccxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 jUn 1715. ^ccxv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 3 julweI 1715. ^ccxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw. 26 sqMbr 1715. ^ccxvii Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121-124.

^ccxviii muhMmd kwism, iebrqnwmw, s&w 57 bI qoN 61 ey, CpI AYfISn dy s&y 180 qy 184. ^ccxix imrzw muhMmd, iebrqnwmw’, s&w 39 ey qoN 46 bI Aqy 52 bI qoN 54 ey.

^ccxx kysr isMG iCbr, bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqswhIAW dw, s&w 294. ^ccxxi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 dMbr 1715

^ccxxii muhMmd hwrsI, iebrqnwmw, s&w 86-87; kwmvr, s&w 460. ^ccxxiii Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121-124.

^ccxxiv sI.Awr. ivlsn, ArlI AYnlz Aw& ieMgilS ien bMgwl, s&w 96-98, imrzw muhMmd hwrsI, iebrq nwmw, s&w 52 bI qoN 53 ey.

^ccxxv Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121-124. ^ccxxvi Aihvwl-ie-AdInw byZ, s&w 20.

^ccxxvii sI.Awr. ivlsn, ArlI AYnlz Aw& ieMgilS ien bMgwl, s&y 96-98. ^ccxxviii qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI.

^ccxxix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 jUn 1716 dI AYNtrI. ^ccxxx rswlw swihb numw, s&w 197.

^ccxxxi Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121-124. ^ccxxxii ^w&I ^wn, cYptr 2, s&w 766-67. ^ccxxxiii ^w&I ^wn, muMq^bul lubwb, s&w 765-67.

^ccxxxiv hkIkq ibnw-vw-ArUzy-isMGW, ieMfIAn ihstorIkw kuAwrtrlI, mwrc 1942.

ccxxxv