Dasamgranth – ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ

AKOqI dsm gRMQ dw s`co-s`c

hrijMdr isMG idlgIr

gurUU gRMQ swihb dw srUp iqAwr hox dI cOQI SqwbdI sqMbr 2004 ivc mnweI geI; gurUU gRMQ swihb nUM gurUg`dI dI qIjI SqwbdI AkqUbr 2008 ivc mnweI jwxI sI[ ienHW dohW SqwbdIAW dy Asr nUM ^qm krn vwsqy is`K duSmx qwkqW, ^ws kr ky Awr.AYs.AYs., audwsI qy inrmly fyrydwrW, swDW, rwDwsuAwmIAW, inrMkwrIAW, nwmDwrIAW, su`Kw pIx vwly inhMgW Aqy is`K rihq mirAwdw nUM cYlMj krn vwly toilAW ny iek`ilAW vI Aqy sWJy qOr ‘qy hrkqW SurU kr id`qIAW qW jo is`KW ivc gurUU gRMQ swihb dw Adb GtwieAw jwvy[ ies sbMDI sB qoN v`fI swzS sI AKOqI dsm gRMQ nUM kwiem krnw[ ieh ikqwb swkq mq dIAW Aqy ihMdU imQhws Aqy glp rcnwvW dw imlgoBw hY; ies dw muK ih`sw 1785 ivc ptnw swihb dy gRMQI su`Kw isMG Aqy aus dy do swQIAW ny iqAwr kIw sI pr ies dw pRcwr 1880 qoN mgroN hI SurU hoieAw sI[ 2006 ivc is`K duSmx toilAw ny ies ikqwb dw pRkwS gurUU gRMQ swihb dy nwl krn dw pwp krn dw AYlwn kIqw Aqy 11 qoN 13 nvMbr 2006 dy idn idAwlpurw BweI kw (izlHw biTMfw) ivc smwgm vI r`K id`qw[

ies bwry ^br Cpx dy nwl swry pwsy qU&wn auiTAw; lok jwgrUk hoey Aqy AKOqI dsm gRMQ dy i^lw& swry s`cy is`K auT KVHy hoey[ swD toly ny 11 qoN 13 nvMbr 2006 dy idn idAwlpurw BweI kw (izlHw biTMfw) ivc gurUU gRMQ swihb dy nwl AKOqI dsmgRMQ dw pRkwS kIqw Aqy 13 nUM Bog pwieAw[ ies ku&r myly ivc swD tolw Aqy pujwrI qW pu`jy pr is`K sMgqW ny ies kUV iek`T dw bweIkwt kIqw[

dsm gRMQ dunIAW Br dI Dwrimk qvwrI^ ivc sB qoN v`fw pwp hY

AKOqI dsm gRMQ 1428 s&y dI ikqwb hY, ijs ivc hyT ilKIAW kivqwvW Swiml hn:

cMfI/durgw/BgvqI dI is&q ivc 3 vwrW (74-127 qk, 54 s&y)
ihMdU AvqwrW dIAW is&qW, ikRSn Avqwr, rwm Avqwr, cObIs Avqwr (155-709, 555 s&y; ies dw qkrIbn ivc qW 60% ikRSn dIAW is&qW d`sIAW hn)[ Xwin (54+555) 609 si&AW ivc kwlpink ihMdU AvqwrW, dyvI-dyviqAW dIAW khwxIAW hn qy aunHW dy kwrnwimAW Aqy qwkq dIAW is&qW kIqIAW geIAW hn[
SsqR nwm mwlw (717-808, 92 s&y) ivc purwxy zmwny dy SsqrW dIAW is&qW hn[
cirqropwKXwn (809-1388, 580 s&y)+hkwieqW (1394-1428, 35 s&y), kul 615 s&y hn, Xwin kMjr AOrqW dIAW khwxIAW[
bicqr nwtk (39-73, 35 s&y), ijs ivc pihlw A`Dw ih`sw imQhwsk g`pW qy dUjw A`Dw ih`sw 1688 qoN 1696 qk lVweIAW (BMgwxI qoN AnMdpur) dIAW GtnwvW hn[ pihly qy dUjy ih`sy dw Awps ivc koeI ilMk nhIN bxdw[
Putkl (709-712, 4 s&y), z&rnwmw (1389-94, 6 s&y),
jwpu, svYXy, Akwl ausqq (1-38, 38 s&y).

ienHW ivcoN iek vI rcnw AijhI nhIN ijs ivc ‘nwnk’ kwiv Cwp, jo gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc qkrIbn hr Sbd ivc hY[ ieh mumikn hY ik iksy iek A`D Sbd ivc ‘nwnk’ kwiv Cwp rih skdI sI, pr ies dw dsmgRMQ dy swry 1428 si&AW ivcoN iblkul hI Ziweb hoxw ieh swibq krdw hY ik jW qW ieh gurUU rcnw nhIN qy jW iPr ies dw lyKk nON gurUU swihbwn qoN vKry mq, vKrI soc dw hY qy auh pihly nON gurUUAW dw rsqw shI nhIN smJdw; Xwin aus ny koeI nvW Drm clwieAw sI[

(a).ies dsmgRMQ nW dI ikqwb ivc 609 s&y kwlpink ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW dIAW is&qW nwl Bry pey hn (qy bicqr nwtk dy pihly 20 s&y vI ihMdU imQhws dIAW g`pW dIAW khwxIAW hn)[ ieh is`KW nUM ihMdU imQhws nwl joVn qy aus dw AMg bxwaux dI swizS dw ih`sw hY[ iPr ieh vI dlIl id`qI geI ik ieh ieh AvqwrW dIAW khwxIAW, Aqy durgw dI vwr dIAW iqMn ilKqW, purwxIAW imQhwsk ikqwbW dy qrjmy (Anuvwd) hn[kI gurUU goibMd isMG trWslytr (Anuvwdk) sI jo ihMdU imQhws dIAW kwlpink qy g`p khwxIAW dw qrjmw krdw iPry? kI gurUu eynw hI ssqw sI jo dUjy DrmW dIAW imQwhsk khwxIAW dw qrjmw hI krdw irhw sI? kI imQhws qy g`p khwxIAW dy qrjmy iksy Drm dw gRMQ ho skdIAW hn?

iPr, AvqwrW dy durgw dIAW khwxIAW Aqy bicqr nwtk (AKOqI jIvnI) dy 609+20 si&AW ivc ihMdU imQhwsk pwqrW dIAW khwxIAW, dyvI, ivSnU, nrisMh Avqwr dI r`j ky is&q kIqI hoeI hY; pr iksy gurUu dI is&q ivc cwr l&z vI nhIN ilKy hoey[ pihly nO gurUUAW dy kwrnwimAW jW dI dyx dw zrw mwsw vI izkr qk nhIN hY[ swry ‘bicqr nwtk’ ivc gurUu nwnk swihb nUM lv kuS dI AOlwd swibq krn dy hvwly Aqy 9 gurUUAW nUM soF bMs nwl sbMDq krn dy hvwly qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN hY[

(A) cirqropwKXwn qy hkwieqW dy 615 s&y A`XwS qy kMjr AOrqW Aqy kuJ lu`cy mrdW qy kuJ bUJV pqIAW dy kwrnwimAW nwl Bry hoey hn[ (jy kr ies ivclI, bIj mMqr dyx vwlI AnUp kOr dI khwxI mMn leIey, qW iPr cirqropwKXwn iek lwlcI qy mUrK gurUU dI buzidlI dI khwxI vI hY)[

(e) SsqR nwm mwlw dy 92 s&y purwxy hiQAwrW dI q&sIl bwry hn[ ienHW dw Drm jW rUhwnIAq nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ ieh qW ieM\ hY ijvyN iksy Ajwieb Gr jW cMbl GwtI ivc iksy hiQAwrW dI h`tI dw sUcI pqr hovy[

so, kul imlw ky (609 + 615 + 20 + 92) 1346 s&y, Xwin 96%, Aijhy hn ijnHW dw is`K Drm nwl, rUhwnIAq nwl dUr dw vI koeI sbMD nhIN hY[ienHW si&AW ivc nw r`b dI g`l hY, nw gurUU dI, nw nwm jpx dI, nw Drm dI, nw rUhwnIAq dI, nw sdwcwr dI [ bwkI dIAW rcnwvW jwpu, svYXy, Akwl ausqq (1-38, 38 s&y) ivcoN jwpu swihb vI muslwmnW vW| r`b dy nWvW dI ilst hY; ies ivc koeI rUhwnIAq nhIN[ svYXy vDyry kr ky swkq mq dI rcnw jwpdy hn[ jwpu qy svYXy Swied Awqmw rwm dy ilKy hn (igAwn pRboD dw lyKk vI auhI hY)[ Akwl ausqiq vI nkl ‘qy ADwrq kivqw jwpdI hY[

mYN pihlW kuJ rcnwvW dw kuJ q&sIl nwl crcw krnw cwhvWgw:

(1) bicqr nwtk

(a) ieh rcnw BUgolk p`KoN Zlq hY:

ies ilKq ivc gurUU goibMd isMG (dy AKOqI pihly rUp) nUM hymkuMt phwV qy AKOqI qp`isAw krdy hoey d`isAw igAw hY[ svwl hY ik kI hymkuMt phwV svrg ivc hY jW DrqI ’qy hY? jy svrg hY qW iPr svrg auqrWcl sUby dw ih`sw hY qy au~Qy rihx vwly swry lok svrgW ivc hn[ (^Yr clo ies ilKq ny dunIAW Br dy lokW nUM ieh qW l`B id`qw ik r`b ik`Qy invws krdw hY)[ pr iPr svwl auTygw ik kI svrg eyho ijhw huMdw hY? ikauNik auqrwKMf qW Aqy ZrIbI dw mwirAw ielwkw hY; Aqy kudrqI Aw&qW Aksr auQy qbwhI lY AwauNdIAW hn qy hymkuMt (AKoqI svrg) ivc gey hzwrW lokW dIAW jwnW clIAW jWdIAW hn[ pr, jy hymkuMt DrqI ‘qy hY qW gurUU goibMd isMG (dw AKOqI pihlw rUp) iesy DrqI ivc hI rihMdw qy AKOqI qp`isAw krdw sI[

kuJ Boly lok ies sbMDI BweI gurdws dw izkr krngy ijs ny AKOqI is`DW dw izkr kridAW iliKAw sI ik jd gurUU nwnk swihb mwnsrovr (kYlwS) phwV ’qy jw ky (izMmyvwrIAW qoN fr ky B`jy hoey) AKOqI is`DW nUM imldy hn qW auh gurUU nwnk swihb nUM ‘mwq lok’ dw hwl pu`Cdy hn[ drAsl ieh AKOqI is`D jogI ies DrqI ’qy privrqI (gRihsq) dI izMdgI ijaUNdI lokweI Aqy aus dy mwhOl nUM ‘mwq lok’ kih rhy hn ikauN ik auh Awp dunIAW C`f ky inrvrqI (AKOqI sMinAws) dI izMdgI Apxw cuky hn Aqy auh aunHW jMglW qy phwVW, ijs ivc auh dunIAW qoN B`j ky luk ky rih rhy hn, aus ielwky nUM auh ielwky nUM ‘dyv lok’ kihMdy hn; auh iksy AKOqI svrg vZYrw ivc nhIN bYTy sn[ aunHW is`D jogIAW vwsqy jMgl qy phwV ‘mwq lok’ qoN vKry, Xwin dUr hn[ jd gurUU nwnk swihb aunHW nUM imldy hn qW aus AKOqI ‘dyv lok’ ivc, gurUU swihb Aqy AKOqI is`D, dovyN hI ienswnI jwmy ivc hn[ dUjy pwsy bicqr nwtk dy ‘r`b’ Aqy jnm qoN pihlW dw ‘gurUU goibMd isMG’ dw AKOqI rUp v`K-v`K vjUd hn[so is`DW dw Aqy bicqr nwtk dw AKOqI ‘mwq lok’ v`K-v`K hn[ auN\ bicqr nwtk ivc ieh vI spSt nhIN ik gurUU swihb hymkuMt phwV ’qy (AKOqI pihly rUp ivc) ienswn sn ik BtkdI rUh ik BUq sn[

bicqr nwtk ivc r`b dy rihx dI QW nUM ‘pRB lok’ iliKAw hoieAw imldw hY: “jb Arjun ‘pRB loik’ isDwey”; ies ihswb nwl hymkuMt ‘pRB lok’ hY qy gurUU Arjn swihb vI auQy hI hn (qy bwkI dy gurUU vI)[ so, bicqr nwtk dw lyKk inrw kni&aUzf hY; aus nUM kuJ vI spSt nhIN hY[

(a) AKOqI hym kuMt ivc gurUU swihb dw srUp kI sI?

bicqR nwtk muqwibk gurUU jI dI surq rb dy crnW ivc juVI hoeI sI:

icq nw BXo hmro Awvn kih[ cuBI rhI suq pRBu crnn mih]

Aqy nwl hI gurUU swihb nUM iek pwsy qW Akwl purK ivc smwey (do qy iek rUp hoey) d`isAw hY:

ieh ibD krq qp`isAw BXo[ dÍY qy eyk rUp hÍY gXo]

jy gurUU r`b ivc iek-imk ho cuky sn, qW aunHW dI surq rb dy crnW ivc ikvyN juVI hoeI sI? aunHW dw qW vjUd r`b ivc smwA cukw sI[ hW ieh ho skdw hY ik gurUU do hox; ies ijs ivc gurUU smwA cukw sI qy dUjw jo Ajy qpisAw krdw sI[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik r`b do hox: iek ijs ivc gurUU smwieAw hoieAw hY qy dUjw auh jo gurUU nUM hymkuMt qpN bulwauNdw hY, ikauN ik A`gy jw ky ieh vI ikhw hY ik:

qp swDq hir moih bulwXo[ iem kih ky ieh lok pTwXo]

iPr ies quk muqwibk gurUU goibMd isMG Akwl pur nwl iek-imk nhIN sn Aqy gurUU swihb dw srUp ikqy hor hwzr sI qy r`b ny aunHW nUM auQoN Awpxy kol bulw ky mwq lok ivc (ies dunIAW ’qy) ByijAw[ bicqr nwtk dw lyKk ies nukqy qy vI auliJAw nzr AwauNdw hY; ies ihswb nwl jW qW r`b qoN gurUU swihb dI AKOqI qp`isAw dI QW dUr sI (ij`QoN aunHW nUM ‘bulwieAw’ igAw) Aqy jy iPr r`b hymkuMt ’qy hI sI qW iPr hymkuMt, Xwin auqrWcl, nUM r`b dw dyS mMinAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[

bicqr nwtk is`K &ls&y dy p`KoN vI Zlq hY:

mYN ds cukw hW ik bicqr nwtk ivc ieh spSt nhIN ik gurUU swihb dw AKOqI pihlw srUp ienswnI rUp ivc sI jW Btk rhI rUh dy rUp ivc jW Buq dy rUp ivc? hux ies svwl nUM is`K &ls&y muqwibk vyKIey; is`K &ls&y ivc qW ienswn nM pMj q`qW dw smUh ikhw hY qy mOq mgroN ieh q`q muL q`q ivc smw jWdy hn; Aqy ‘joiq’ vI ‘joiq’ ivc smw jWdI hY; iesy kr ky AsIN mOq nUM ‘joqI-joiq smwauxw’ kihMdy hW[ gurUbwxI muqwibk qW:

pWc qq ko qnu ricE jwnhu cqur sujwn ]

ijh qy aupijE nwnkw lIn qwih mY mwnu] (s&w 1427)

sUrj ikrix imly jl kw jlu hUAw rwm ]

joqI joiq rlI sMpUrnu QIAw rwm ](s&w 846)

pvnY mih pvnu smwieAw ]

joqI mih joiq ril jwieAw ](s&w 885)

jy gurUU swihb dy pihly ijsm dI g`l krdy hW qW jy is`K &ls&y muqwibk qW aunHW dy ijsm dy pMjy q`q Awpxy q`qW dy mUl ivc smw cuky hoxgy Aqy ‘joiq’ Akwl purK dI ‘joiq’ ivc rl cukI hovygI qy iPr AKOqI hymkuMt ‘qy AKOqI qp`isAw gurUU swihb dw ikhVw ih`sw kr irhw sI? kI gurUU swihb nUM ipCly AKOqI jnm ivc AKOqI mukqI nhIN sI imlI qy aunHW dy vjUd dw kuJ ih`sw Ajy Btk irhw sI?

iPr jy ieh mMn leIey ik gurUU jI ipCly jnm dy ^qm hox mgroN ‘joqI joiq’ smw cuky sn Aqy ‘dÍY qy eyk rUp hÍY gXo’ sn qW iPr auh Akwl purK nwl g`lW ikvyN kr skdy sn ikauN ik iPr qW gurUU goibMd isMG jI dw vKrw vjUd koeI nhIN sI irhw Aqy auh Awp hI Akwl purK dw ih`sw bx cuky sn? iPr jd Akwl purK ny gurUU jI nUM ‘mwq lok’ ivc jwx vwsqy ikhw qW ies dw mqlb hY ik Akwl purK Awpxy Awp nUM hI kih irhw hovygw ik ‘qUM mwq lok ivc jw’ Aqy Akwl purK Awp hI kih irhw hovygw ik ‘mYN mwq lok ivc nhIN jwxw cwhuMdw’[ ies nukqy qoN vI bicqr nwtk dy lyKk koloN ieh swrw Gwlw-mwlw ho igAw jwpdw hY[

hW ie`Qy ieh bhwnw cl skdw hY ik Akwl purK Awpxy iek ih`sy nUM (jW Awpxy Awp nUM) ‘mwq lok’ nUM Byj irhw sI, Xwin auh, grU goibMd isMG dy rUp ivc, ‘mwq lok’ ivc Awp AwieAw sI; pr bicqr nwtk dy ilKwrI ny iek QW ieh vI gurUU swihb dy mUMhoN ieh vI AKvwieAw hY ik ‘jo mYnUM r`b smJygw auh nrk kuMf ivc pvygw’[

pr; is`K &ls&y muqwibk r`b ‘AjUnI’ hY; auh ies DrqI ’qy ienswnI jwmy ivc nhIN AwauNdw; Aqy jo S^s vwihgurUU dy XonI (jUnI) rwhIN Awaux dI g`l krdw hY gurUU swihb qW aus zbwn nUM swV dyx dI g`l kihMdy hn:

so muKu jlau ijqu khih Twkuru jonI[

jnim n mrY n AwvY n jwie ]

nwnk kw pRBu rihE smwie (s&w 1136)

bicqr nwtk ivc nON gurUUAW dI byAdbI vI kIqI hY:

ies ilKq ivc, gurUU nwnk qoN gurUU qyZ bhwdr qk, nON gurUAW nUM do p`KW qoN Zlq ikhw hoieAw hY[ bicqr nwtk dw lyKk kihMdw hY ik “r`b nUM iSkvw hY ik gurUU goibMd isMG qoN pihlW ijMny vI ‘prm purK’ aus ny pYdw kr ky dunIAW ‘qy Byjy, aunHW ny Awpxy-Awpxy rwh (pMQ) clwey sn qy swirAW ny ApxI BgqI krvweI sI qy r`b nUM iksy ny nhIN pCwixAw/smiJAw sI”; ies ihswb nwl nON gurUUAW nUM vI ies gunwh dw doSI idKwieAw igAw hY:

jo pRB prm purK aupjwey[iqn iqn Apny rwh clwey[26]

Aqy

sB ApnI ApnI aurJwnw[ pwrbRhm kwhUM nw pCwnw]

Aqy

Jo jo Bey pihl Avqwrw] Awpu Awpu iqn jwpu aucwrw]

ienHW lweInW ivc qy sw& l&zW ivc nON gurUUAW nUM SryAwm r`d kIqw igAw hY; qy aunHW dI byAdbI kIqI hoeI hY[

hW, eyQy koeI kih skdw hY: “bicqr nwtk ivc bwkI gurUUAW dw izkr qW hY, ijvyN iliKAw hY ik ‘gurU nwnk AMgd kr mwnw, AMgd Amr dws pihcwnw…’ vZYrw[” pr jy ies pYry nUM nON gurUUAW dI kwrguzwrI nUM mnzUr krn dI khwxI bxwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI jwvy (jo ik iksy qrHW vI nhIN bxdI) qW iPr r`b nUM gurUU goibMd isMG nUM ‘r`b dw Drm’ clwaux vwsqy ^ws qOr ’qy Byjx dI kI zrUrq sI? kI pihly gurUUAW dw pMQ Zlq sI jo aus ny gurUU goibMd isMG jI nUM ‘Awpxw suq invwj ky’ nvW ‘pMQu pRcur krby kh swjw’[ Xwin gurUU goibMd isMG ny (gurUU nwnk dy pMQ qoN vKrw)‘nvW pMQ’ clwieAw (ikauNik ies ivc gurUU nwnk dy pMQ dI g`l nhIN, ‘nvyN pMQ’ dI g`l khI hY)[

mY Apnw suq qoih invwjw] pMQ pRcur krbY kh swjw[

jwih qhw qY Drmu clwie] kbuiD krn qy lok htwie] 29

Aqy

TwF BXo mY joir kr bcn khw isr nXwie[

pMQ clY qb jgq mY jb qum krhu shwie] 30

kI gurUU qyZ bhwdr swihb b`cy dI dwq lYx vwsqy ihMdU qIrQW ’qy puMn dwn krn gey sn?:

iPr bicqr nwtk ikqwb ivc gurUU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM, b`cw mMgx vwsqy, is`K &ls&y dy ault, AKOqI ‘qIrQ Xwqrw’, ‘puMn dwn’ ‘Xog swDnw’ krdy idKwieAw hY[ ies qo ieh isiKAw imldI hY ik hr is`K nUM b`cw mMgx vwsqy iqrbYxI (Alwhwbwd), kwSI (vwrwnsI) Aqy hor ihMdU qIrQW dI Xwqrw krnI cwhIdI hY, au~Qy jw ky puMn-dwn krny cwhIdy hn Aqy AKOqI Xog swDnw vZYrw krnI cwhIdI hY[

ies nukqy qoN bicqr nwtk dI isiKAw dw mwAnw qW ieh vI inkldw hY ik is`K nUM Xwin r`b kol Ardws nhIN krnI cwhIdI; gurUU gRMQ swihb ’qy AkIdw nhIN r`Kxw cwhIdw Aqy vwihgurUU dw Bwxw nhIN mMnxw cwhIdw; jd ik bwxI qW kihMdI hY:

qyrw Bwxw sBu ikCu hovY ](s&w 356)

qyrw kIAw mITw lwgY (s&w 394)

qyrw Bwxw mMny su imlY quDu Awey ](s&w 1063)

so, ies swrw kuJ nUM mu`K r`K ky bicqr nwtk nw isr& BUgolk, qvwrI^I Aqy qrk dy p`KoN hI Zlq hY blik is`K &ls&y dy bhuq swry nukiqAW muqwibk vI is`KI AsUlW dy ault hY[

auN\ bicqr nwtk ivc QW-QW ieh vI sw& nzr AwauNdw hY ik ‘r`b’ iek ivwcwrw ijhw hY ijhVw pYgMbrW nUM pYdw ky aunHW qoN AwpxI g`l vI nhIN mMnvw skdw Aqy aus dw hukm ivc koeI qwkq nhIN hY[

z&rnwmw

z&rnwmw nW dI &wrsI kivqw ^UbsUrq hY; XkInn ieh iksy &wrsI mwihr dI ilKI hoeI hovygI[ pr aus ivcwry nUM vI aus vyly dI qvwrI^ dw vI pqw nhIN hY[ ies ivc cmkOr ivc muZl &OjW dI igxqI 10 lK d`sI hoeI hY:

gurUsnh ic kwry kund ichl nr[ ik dh lK brAwXd bro by^br[ 20

(myry Bu`Ky-Bwxy 40 AwdmI kI kr skdy sn; jy ds l`K &OjI aunHW qy Acwnk Aw pYx)

aus vyly muZl bwdSwhW dI AwpxI kul &Oj kuJ hzwrW ivc huMdI sI[ bwdSwh nUM jd zrUrq huMdI sI qW aus dy mnsbdwr AwpxI &Oj lY ky hwzr ho jwieAw krdy sn[ AOrMgzyb vyly sB qoN v`fw mnsb 7 hzwr dw sI qy ieh mnsb 3-4 jixAW kol hI sn (SihzwidAW kol vD dy mnsb vI huMdy sn)[ jd jhWgIr vyly mhwbq ^wn ny bZwvq kIqI qW aus kol 4 hzwr &Oj sI[ ApRYl 1654 ivc dwrw Skoh ny AOrMgzyb dI &Oj nwl jMg kIqI, aus kol Swhjhwn bwdSwhI dI swrI &Oj sI ijs dI igxqI 50 hzwr sI[ AOrMgzyb kol 1684 ivc 80 hzwr dy krIb &Oj sI[ iesy &Oj ny iSvwjI mrh`tw nUM hrwieAw sI[ ies mgroN hor vI BrqI kIqI geI qy muZl qvwrI^ ivc &Oj dI vD qoN vD igxqI 1 l`K 70 hzwr sI[ AOrMgzyb vyly muZlW dI AwpxI, qy mnsbdwrW dI &Oj imlw ky, dI kul igxqI 2 l`K 40 hzwr GOVsvwr qy 15000 bMdUkcI sn[ (pUrI q&sIl vwsqy dyKo: jwdU nwQ srkwr, ihstrI Aw& AOrMgzyb, ijld qIjI Aqy ausy dI hI ikqwb muZl AYNpwieAr)[ pr z&rnwmw dw lyKk 6-7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn iek`ly cmkOr ivc 10 l`K &Oj dw Gyrw puAw dyNdw hY[ ies &Oj bwry do hor nukqy vI Aihm hn: pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik cmkOr ‘qy hmlw krn vwlI &Oj ropV qoN ByjI geI sI; Aqy ieh Gyrw AOrMgzyb dy kihx ‘qy nhIN ipAw sI; dUjw, jy igxqI ds l`K dI ieh g`p mMnxI vI hovy qW eynI &Oj ny cmkOr qoN id`lI qk jgh GyrI hovygI qy eyny mIlW ivc &Oj hI &Oj hovygI[ auN\ hkIkq ieh hY ik ieh &Oj 700 dI igxqI ivc sI ijs dw izkr ienwiequ`lw ^wn (mOq 1725) dI ‘Aihkwm-ie-AwlmgIrI’ ivc sw& imldw hY[ iesy ikqwb muqwibk AOrMgzyb ny do AihdIey (Sy^ Xwr muhMmd mnsbdwr qy muhMmd byZ gurUj-brdwr) gurUU swihb nUM aus nwl mulwkwq krvwaux leI ilAwaux vwsqy Byjy sn Aqy lwhOr qy srhMd dy sUbydwr nUM ^q vI ilKy sn[ gurUU goibMd isMG swihb ny jo ^q mugl bwdSwh AOrMgjyb nUM, ipMf dInw-kWgV ivKy 22 dsMbr 1705 dy idn iliKAw sI, aus ^q nUM pVH ky AOrMgzyb ny do AihdIey Aqy jo hdwieqW srihMd qy lwhOr dy sUbydwrW nUM ByjIAW sn, auh ies z&rnwmw nW dI kivqw nUM pVH ky ByjIAW nhIN ho skdIAW[ auh ^q XkInn hor hovygw qy ieh ilKq mgroN iksy kvI ny ilKI hovygI[

iek hor svwl ieh vI hY ik gurUU goibMd isMG AOrMgzyb dI eynI cwplUsI kr skdy sn?:

^uSS Swih Swhwn AOrMgzyb, ik cwlwk dsqu Asqu cwbuk rkyb[ 89

(hy! AOrMgzyb, qUM nyk hYN, SwhW dw Swh (bwdSwh) hYN[ qUM AklmMd hY, qlvwr clwaux ivc mwihr hY; &urqIlw GoV svwr hYN)

ic husnl jmwsqu roSn zmIr, ^udwvMd mulk Asqu swihb AmIr[ 90

(qUM ^UbsUrq hYN, jlwl vwlw hYN; qUM aucI zmIr vwlw jwixAw jWdw hYN[ qUM mulk dw mwlk Aqy AmIrW, Xwin hwkmW, dw vI mwlk hYN)[

ik qrqIb dwnS b qdbIr qyZ; ^udwvMd dyZo ^udwvMq qyZ[ 91

(qUM cMgI Akl vwlw qy qlvwr clwaux dw mwihr hY[ qUM dyZ dw mwlk qy qyZ dw mwlk hYN)

ik rOSn zmir Asqu husn jmwl; ^udwvMd b^iSMdhy mulko mwl[ 92

(qUM aucI zmIr vwlw qy ^UbsUrq rUp vwlw hYN[ qUM mulk Aqy mwl dw mwlk qy b^iSSW krn vwlw hYN)[

kI gurUU goibMd isMG AOrMgzyb vwsqy ieh l&z iesqymwl kr skdy sn?

jo ^q guru jI ny AOrMgzyb nUM iliKAw sI, kI guru jI ny aus dI &otokwpI r`K leI sI[ auh ^q qW Byj id`qw sI, auh vwips ikvyN Aw igAw[ guru jI ny iksy hor ^q dI kwpI ikauN nhIN r`K leI[ jy guru jI ^qW dIAW kwpIAW r`Kdy sn qW aunHW ^qW dIAW iksy kol kwpIAW ikauN nhIN jo hukmnwmy aunHW dy ilKy lokW kol pey khy jWdy hn (aunHW ivcoN bhuqy jwAlI hn)[

dsmgRMQIAW dI iek hor g`p

iek hor Aihm nukqw ieh vI hY ik dsm gRMQ tolw ies ikqwb nUM dInw-kWgV (idAwlpurw BweIkw) ivc ‘z&rnwmw’ nwl ‘sMpUrn’ hoeI dsdw hY[ pr, ‘l`KI jMgl Kwlsw Awie dIdwr idqo eI… sux ky s`d mwhI dw myhIN pwxI Gwh muqo eI’ qW gurUu jI dy qlvMfI swbo ivc phuMcx qoN mgroN nwl sbMDq bxdI hY qy gurUu jI auQy 16 jnvrI 1706 dy idn pu`jy sn[ so, ies ikqwb nUM pRcwrn vwilAW nUM eynI smJ vI nhIN ik JUT bolx l`igAW qvwrI^ dw hI iKAwl kr lYx[

cirqropwKXwn Aqy hkwieqW

ieh ilKq 615 si&AW (809 qoN 1388, 580 s&y; hkwieqW 1394 qoN 1428, 35 s&y) dI hY ijs ivc 400 qoN vD kwm idRSW Aqy hor GtIAw hrkqW dIAW khwxIAW id`qIAW hoeIAW hn[ ies ivc kuJ muK nukqy jo swhmxy AwauNdy hn, aunHW qoN svwl auTdw hY ik:

1.kI gurUU p`g Aqy ju`qI C`f ky B`j skdw hY?

kI gurUU ‘bIj mMqr’ hwisl krn dI ^wihS kr irhw hY? kI auh ieh mMn jWdw hY ik ieh iek AOrq kol hY, ijhVI aus dy drSn krn AweI hY[ Xwin gurUU kol kuJ vI nhIN qy auh Awpxy cyilAW qoN jwdU mMqr l`B irhw hY[ (cirqR 379, s& 1109)
kI koeI byvkU& ieh mMn skdw hY ik iek Brw nUM pqw nw lg sikAw hovy ik auh s`kI BYx nwl Bog kr irhw hY? (s&w 1119)
pqI nUM mUrK bxw ky AOrq pwey mrdW nwl sYks ikvyN mwx skdI hY; drjnW ‘swKIAW’ ivc ieh sIn suAwd lY-lY ky d`sy hoey hn (1049, 1064, 1342, 1358)[ ies ivc kI rUhwnIAq hY?
pwlkI ivc jWidAW sVk dy ivckwr hI sYks ikvyN kIqw jw skdw hY? ies ivc ikhVI rUhwnIAq dI isiKAw imldI hY?
Bog/sYks krn vwsqy ikhVy ikhVy nSy kMm AwauNdy hn (832, 1280)[ ivAwgrw Swied ies qoN hI SurU hoeI hovy? kI sMBog nwl r`b nwl myl huMdw hY?
gupq AMg dy vwl muMn ky sYks dw AnMd vD jWdw hY (1082) ? ies ivc ikhVI rUhwnIAq dI isiKAw imldI hY?
gudw Bog, Xwin ipCly pwsEN Bog dw kI AnMd hY (1010)? ieh vI rUhwnIAq dw sbk hY?
GoVI dw mUqr pIxw ikhVI rUhwnIAq dI isiKAw hY?
t`tI Prn gey lokW dIAW p`gW lwhuxIAW ikhVI rUhwnIAq hn?

ieh qW AYvyN hvwlw mwqr d`sy hn; ieh ikqwb qW Aijhy gMd dI isiKAw nwl BrI hoeI hY[cirqropwKXwn qW kMjr jIvn ijaUx dy qrIikAW, Bog AwsxW dw muj`smw hY[ieh dlIl ik cirqropwKXwn mn nUM kwm v`l jwx qoN rokx vwsqy hY QoQI qy hwsohIxI hY[

dsmgRMQIAW muqwibk cirqropwKXwn (kMjr kivqw) dy 4 ih`sy hn : iesqrI dI smrQw, purS pRDwn smwj dIAW khwxIAW ijs ivc iesqrI dI bybsI hY, qIjy ivc AprwDW dIAW khwxIAW hn qy cOQy ivc rwh idKwaU hdwieqW hn[ pr, isAwxy qoN isAwxw Aqy mUrK qoN mUrK vI cirqropwKXwn nUM pVHn mgroN smJ skdw hY ik ies ivc AOrq dI kI smrQw idKweI hY: auh byeImwn hY, kwmI hY, lu`cI hY, cwlwk hY, cwlbwz hY, nSybwz hY[ cirqropwKXwn ivc ‘so ikau mMdw AwKIAY’ vwlI AOrq dw ieh GtIAw ikrdwr disAw hY AOrq dw[aus ivc koeI hW-p`KI ^UbI nhIN idKweI hoeI)[

jy koeI ieh khy ik 615 si&AW dI ies gMdI rcnw ivc iek A`D QW ‘qy cwr lweInW ivc ibgwnI AOrq nwl Bog krn qoN roikAw igAw hY qW ieh byhUdw g`l hY[ ieh mMinAw jw skdw hY ik AOrqW dy cilqr ds ky aunHW qoN bcx vwsqy ikhw jw skdw hY; qW iPr ieh g`l kihx Aqy ieh isiKAw dyx vwsqy 600 si&AW ivc, AYnIAW khwxIAW ivc Bog krn dy drjnW qrIky, qy auh vI suAwd lY lY ky, d`sx dI kI lOV sI? AKoqI dsmgRMQ ivc qW sgoN ieh isiKAw imldI hY ik Bog krn dw mzw ikM\ lYxw hY, nSy kr ky 12 jW 24 GMty Bog ikvyN krnw hY; pqI nUM mUrK bxw ky ikvyN ivBcwr krnw hY vZYrw dIAW g`lW nUM suAwd lw lw ky pyS kIqw igAw hY[ hor qW hor ies kMjrKwny dIAW krqUqW dI pySkwrI kridAW ikqy nhIN ikhw igAw ik ies dy nqIjy kI inkldy hn; sgoN ieh d`isAw hY ik ikvyN r`j ky suAwd nwl Bog kr kr ky cwlwkI kIqI jw skdI hY Aqy PVy jwx qooN bicAw jw skdw hY[ ieh ‘prvrt’, Xwin mwnisk bImwrW dIAW g`lW hn; aunHW dw ivsQwr qy ibAwn iek Dwrimk AwgU nhIN kr sdkw[ iPr ieh svwl auTdw hY ik kI gurUU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI ivc kwm rokx vwsqy koeI isiKAw nhIN ik jW aUh ADUrw gRMQ hY jW pihly nON gurUUAW dy vyly qk kwm dw mslw Aihm mslw nhIN sI[

cirqropwKXwn dy iek hor ihmwieqI iek QoQI dlIl:

iek dsmgRMQI ny ieh dlIl vI id`qI sI ik gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc vI kuJ Aijhy Sbd hn jo (gupq AgW nwl sbMDq hox kr ky) smwj ivc Awm BwSw ivc nhIN vrqy jWdy; ijvyN ik:

Bg: (goqmu qpw AihilAw iesqRI iqsu dyiK ieMdRü luBwieAw] shs srIr ichn Bg hUey qw min pCoqwieAw]) (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1344).
laufw: (jo laufw pRiB kIAw Ajwiq] iqsu laufy kau iks kI qwiq]) (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 376)
ttw (t): (ttw, ibkt Gwt Gt mwhI] Koil kpwt, mhil ik n jwhI]) (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 341)

mYN hYrwn hoieAw hW ik ies ivcwry nUM qW gurUbwxI dy ArQ vI pqw nhIN hn: (1)gurUU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 376 ‘qy ‘laufw’ Sbd gupq AMg (lOVw) nhIN ies dw mwAnw in`kw b“cw hY[ (2) gurUU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 341 ‘qy ‘ttw’ Aqy s&w 433 ‘qy ‘ttY’ dw mwAnw ‘t’ A`Kr hY nw ik ‘mrd dy AMf koS’ vwsqy (3) gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc jy ikqy kwm dI g`l AweI hY qW aus qoN bcx vwsqy ikhw igAw hY[

so cirqopwKXwn iksy pwisEN vI dsmgRMQ gurUU rcnw hrigz nhIN ho skdI[ mUrKqw ivc gVu`c mUrK, pwpI, gurUU goibMd isMG jI nUM ies kMjr kivqw dw lyKk kih ky zulm krdy hn; gurUU dI qOhIn krdy hn; ieh gurUU nUM gwhl k`Fx Aqy aus dy mUMh ‘qy kwl^ mlx vW| hY; jo koeI pwpI hI kr skdw hY [ Aijhw kihx vyly ienHW dI zbwn ikauN nhIN sV jWdI? Aijhw jwpdw hY ik (1) jW qW ienHW dw bryn vwS kr id`qw igAw hY; (2) jW ieh jwAlI is`K hn qy is`KI ilbws pw ky is`KI dIAW jVHW v`F rhy hn qy (3) jW iPr ieh ^ud cirqropwKwXwn vwlIAW AorqW vrgw kMjr-jIvn ijaUNdy hn ijs nUM ‘shI qy is`KI jIvn krwr dyx vwsqy’ ieh gurUU nUM vI ‘kMjr iLKqW dw lyKk’ kihx dI izd krI jwxw cwhuMdy hn[ mYnUM ieh g`l vDyry shI jwpdI hY ikauNik dsmgRMQ dI ihmwieq auh swry swD krdy hn jo ryp, znwh qy kwm dy mujirm jwxy jWdy hn[

hW, pr, jy ieh s`cmu`c is`K hn qy ienHW dy AMdr gurUU dw qy r`b dw zrw ijMnw vI Bau hY, ^O& hY, qW ienHW nUM Gor pwp bMd krnw cwhIdw hY vrnw ienHW nUM vwihgurUU ivStw dy qy auh vI sB qoN nIc qy gMdy kIVy grdwn ky nrk dy pwpIAW dI ivStw ivc sdIvI invws dyvygw[

imqr ipAwry nUM…

‘imqr ipAwry nUM swfw hwl murIdW dw kihxw’ dw Drm nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ ieh gurUU jI dy mwCIvwVw jwx Aqy rsqy ivc aunHW dy hwl dw vI ibAwn nhIN hY[ gurUU jI nUM cmkOr qoN mwCIvwVw qk ies qrHW dI hwlq dw kdy vI swhmxw nhIN sI krn ipAw[ iPr ieh hIr rWJw dy ivCoVy dI pySkwrI hY; jy ieh gurUU jI nwl sbMDq hY qW ies ivc rWJw kOx hY qy KyVy kOx hn? ‘XwrVw’ Xwin rWJw kOx hY? is`KI ivc qW qyrw kIAw qy qyrw Bwxw mITw lwgy dI g`l hY, pr ies ivc ArzoeI hY qy auh vI r`b nUM nhIN, rWJy nUM hY[ ies ivc ieSk hkIkI nhIN ieSk mjwzI dI g`l hY[ iPr ies ivc ijs ‘nSy dI surwhI’ dw izkr hY, kI auh gurUU swihb dI hY? kI gurUu jI ieho ijhIAW surwhIAW dy SOkIn sn? ies kivqw dw rUhwnIAq nwl zrw-mwsw vI sbMD nhIN hY[ ieM\ hI ‘sux ky s`d mwhI dw myhIN pwxI Gwh muqo eI’ dw gurUU nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ A^IrlI g`l ieh kihxI cwhvWgw ik ieh dovyN kivqwvW dy A^Ir dI ATHwrvI sdI pMjwbI dI suhxI vMngI hn qy ieh audoN hI ilKIAW geIAW jwpdIAW hn; 1706 ivc pMjwbI bolI ies qrHW dI hrigz nhIN sI[

BgauqI dI vwr qy Ardwis

is`KW dI Ardwis ivc BgauqI dI vwr, Xwin cMfI dI vwr dw pihlw bMd, inrmilAW dw pwieAw hoieAw hY[ sB qoN pihlW qW ies ivc BgauqI (durgw) dI pUjw dI g`l hY (BgauqI nUM kuJ lokW v`loN nwjwiez qrIky nwl vwhgurUU bxwaux dI nwkwm koiSS kIqI geI hY)[

dUjw bicqr nwtk vW| ieh vI gurUU swihb dI S^sIAq ‘qy ikMqU krdI hY[ ies muqwibk gurUU nwnk swihb nUM iDAwauxw hY; gurUU AMgd, gurUU Amr dws, gurUU rwm dws ny is`KW dy shweI hoxw hY; gurUU Arjn, gurUU hirgoibMd qy gurUU hir rwie nUM ismrnw hY, gurUU hirkikSn nUM idAwauxw hY; gurUU qyZ bhwdr nUM ismrn nwl nON inD Gr ivc Aw jwxy hn qy gurUU goibMd isMG ny sB QWeIN shweI rihxw hY[ ies nwl swry gurUU swihbwn dw rol v`K-v`K kr idqw igAw hY; koeI dUjy gurUU dy ismrn, iDAwaux jW shweI hox dy rol ivc d^l nhIN dy skdw[

{ieM\ hI Ardws dy A^Ir ivc ‘nwnk nwm cVHdI klw, qyry Bwxy srbq dw Blw’ vI inrmilAW ny hI vwVI sI[ ‘AigAw BeI Akwl kI qbY clwXo pMQ…’ Aqy ‘gurUU gRMQ jI mwinE prgt gurUW kI dyh….’ vI inrmly lyKk igAwnI igAwn isMG dI ilKq hY[ ies kivqw dI AMdrUnI gvwhI swibq krdI hY ik ieh iksy gurUU dI ilKq jW bol nhIN ho skdy ikauNik gurUU goibMd isMG swihb ny koeI nvW ‘pMQ’ nhIN clwieAw sI[ aunHW ny KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU kIqI sI, kys qy kkwr id`qy sn Aqy sMgq nUM Awpxw ‘Kwlsw’ AYlwinAw sI[ Kwlsw dw mqlb irh sI ik is`KW qy gurUU dy ivckwr msMdW dI ivcolgI ^qm kIqI sI[ pwhul dw mqlb hrigz nvW Drm/pMQ/kOm bxwauxw nhIN sI[ hW, AMqm smyN aunHW ny gurUg`dI gurUU gRMQ swihb nUM zrUr idqI sI[}

‘BgauqI/cMfI dI vwr’ dwipCokV: gurUu jI v`loN cMfI dI pUjw dI pihlI pySkwrI Swied kuier isMG (Asl nW pMfq ibSn dws) ny guriblws pwqswhI 10 dy 7 qy 8 cYptr (s&w 103 qoN 121) ivc pyS kIqI sI (ies ikqwb ‘qy ilKx swl 1751 iliKAw imldw hY jo ik Zlq hY; ieh ikqwb hr hwlq ivc 1787 qoN mgroN dI, Swied 1791 jW ies qoN vI mgroN dI ilKI hoeI hY)[ iehI khwxI inrmly su`Kw isMG ny guriblws pwqswhI dsvIN (1797) ivc, cYptr 8 qoN 10 ivc (s&w 126 qoN 159 ivc) ‘dyvI pUjn ibrqWq’ isrlyK hY ilKI sI[ ies g`l nUM hor p`kw krn vwsqy su`Kw isMG inrmly ny AwpxI ilKI cMfI dI vwr gurUu jI dy nW nwl joVI sI[ gurdws isMG dy nW ‘qy ilKI vwr (vwr 41 vjoN CpI hoeI) vI iesy su`Kw isMG dI ilKI hoeI hY; ikauN ik ieh vI ptnw ivcoN AweI hY[ (ieh vI jwpdw hY ik BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jWdI 1711 dI qwrI^ vwlI (jo Asl ivc aunIvIN sdI dy A^Ir dI hY) ic`TI vI iesy lyKk dI ilKI hoeI hY)[ mihmw pRkwS ivc vI ieh kQw cYptr 17 ivc (s&w 820 qoN 824) ivc pyS hY[ inrmly lyKk sMqoK isMG kvI ny irqU 3 AMsU 3 qoN 12 ivc vI iehI (s&w 4929 qoN 4968 qk) dyvI pUjn dI kQw ilKI hY[ ‘ikrpw krI hm pr jg mwqw, pUrn kIAw gRMQ qqkwlw’ ivc ausy durgw dI is&q kIqI hY[ ieh swry lyKk (kuier isMG, suKw isMG, sMqoK isMG qy igAwnI igAwn isMG) inrmly sn[

dsmgRMQ qy inqnym

dsmgRMQIAW ny iek ieh vI cwl clI sI ik jy dsmgRMQ nhIN hY qW ‘inqnym’ Aqy ‘KMfy dI pwhul’ dw kI bxygw? aunHW muqwibk jwpu, svYXy qy cOpeI ies ikqwb ivcoN hn[

hkIkq ieh hY ik purwxy soimAW ivc KMfy dI pwhul dIAW ‘pMj bwxIAW’ dw izkr ikqy vI nhIN[ kuJ somy jpujI qy kuJ AnMd swihb dIAW pMj pauVIAW pVH ky pwhul dyx dw izkr krdy hn[ ieM\ hI inqnym dIAW ‘pMj bwxIAW’ vI inrmilAW ny hI lwgU kIqIAW sn[ inqnym kdy vI ‘pMj bwxIAW’ nhIN sn[ gurUu swihb ny inqnym qW gurUu gRMQ swihb dy pihly 13 s&y hI nIAq kIqy sn qy iesy kr ky aunHW nUM gRMQ dy SurU ivc r`K id`qw sI[ 1823 ivc AkwlI PUlw isMG dI ShIdI qoN mgroN, inrmilAW ny drbwr swihb dw ieMqzwm Awpxy h`Q ivc Awaux mgroN, ies ivc inrmly ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW jwpu qy svYXy (qy mgroN cOpeI vI) Swiml kr ky cwlkI nwl ies nUM ‘pMj bwxIAW dw nW dy id`qw sI[

1873 isMG jd sBw lihr SurU hoeI qW drbwr swihb Aqy hor gurduAwirAW ‘qy inrmilAW dw kbzw sI; ies kr ky jwpu qy svYXy dy i^lw& Awvwz auTx dw svwl hI nhIN sI[ AkwlI (1920-25) vyly iksy dw ies g`l v`l iDAwn hI nhIN igAw ik inrmilAW ny pwhul qy inqnym ivc nklI kivqwvW lwgU kr id`qIAW sn[ ieh auvyN hI sI ijvyN audwsIAW dy ‘JMfy buMgy’ dw Bgvw JMfw ‘kysrI’ bx ky is`KW ivc lwgU ho igAw sI[

jwpu qy svYXy dw ipCokV: jwpu nW dI kivqw dI Jlk sw& rwijsQwnI kvI cMdr brdweI (1149-1200) dI rcnw ‘ipRQvIrwj rwso’ dy 42vyN cYptr, s&w 1170-71 (quAM dyh h`tO…..quAM lok pwlM… bMd 30 qoN 36) Aqy dyvI ausqiq: nmo quM, nmo quM, nmo quM kumwrI… bMd 38 qoN 45), Aqy 317-18 (ACyd AByd ASyd Apwr; AjIq ABIq ApRIq Amwr[ AsyS AmyK AlyK AbIh; Arp AByS AdyS kbIh…) ivc nzr AwauNdI hY[svYXy bwry ieh ivcwr kIqw jWdw hY ik ieh iksy Awqmw rwm inrmly dy ilKy hn (igAwn pRboD dw lyKk vI auhI hY)[

so jwpu, svYXy, cOpeI (jo cirqropwKXwn dw ih`sw hY) vZYrw dw inqnym Aqy KMfy dI pwhul nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ inqnym gurUU gRMQ swihb dy pihly 13 s&y hI hn Aqy KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm vI gurUU gRMQ swihb dy pihly 13 si&AW nwl hI pUrn ho jWdI hY; pwhul dyx l`igAW isr8 ieh 13 s&y vwlIAW bwxIAW hI pVHIAW jwxIAW cwhIdIAW hn[ pwhul smyN ieh bwxIAW pVHn dw mqlb pwhul lYx vwly nUM inqnym dw ‘AiBAws’ krvwauxw hY[

is`K ShId Aqy dsmgRMQ

kuJ Boly lok (Aqy Awr.AYs.AYs. dy eyjMt Aqy SrwrqI lok ^ws kr ky) ieh pRcwr krdy hn ik igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw dsmgRMQ dy ihmwieqI sn, ies kr ky ies ikqwb nUM kbUl krnw cwhIdw hY[ pihlI g`l qW igAwnI jrnYl isMG jI ‘j`Qw iBMfrW-mihqw’ dw ih`sw sn qy ieh j`Qw igAwnI gurUbcn isMG dw kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI[ aunHW dy cyly hox kwrn ieh swry A`KW bMd kr ky aus g`l ‘qy Aml krdy sI (Aqy krdy hn) ijhVI g`l igAwnI gurUbcn isMG ny kih/ilK id`qI sI[ Xwin, auh ienHW vwsqy gurUU hI nhIN, bl ik r`b hY; Aqy auh jo vI kih ilK igAw hY auh ‘ielwhI hukm’ hY[ ShId igAwnI jrnYl isMG jI v`loN dsmgRMQ dI ihmwieq krn dw muK kwrn iehI sI[

dUjw, igAwnI jrnYl isMG jI bhuqw pVHy ilKy nhIN sn qy ies kr ky ies ikqwb (dsmgRMQ) nUM pVH nhIN sky hoxgy qy iesy kr ky ies ihMdU gRMQW dy qrjmy Aqy cirqRopwKXwn vrgy gMd mMd nUM r`d nw kr sky[ jy auh pVH lYNdy qW swied auh ies kUV-kbwVy nUM gurUU dI rcnw nw kihMdy[

AKOqI dmdmI tkswl dI AslIAq jwxn dI vI loV hY[ ies dw Asl nW ‘j`Qw iBMfrW’ sI (ikauNik ies dy moFI igAwnI suMdr isMG iBMfr klW ipMf dy sn qy igAwnI gurbcn isMG, jo ik ip`CoN AKwVw ipMf dy sn qy 1921 qoN iBMfr klW rihx lg pey sn; iesy kr ky ies dw nW ‘jQw iBMfrW’ sI); pr jd igAwnI gurbcn isMG cVHweI kr gey qW aunHW dy prvwr dw igAwnI krqwr isMG jI nwl JgVw ho igAw qy auh cOk mihqw Aw gey Aqy ies jQy dw nW ‘j`Qw iBMfrW-mihqw’ ilKx lg ey[ 1977 ivc auh ^ud nUM ‘dmdmI tkswl’ kihx lg pey[ (igAwnI gurbcn isMG iBMfrW qW AwpxI ikqwb ‘Kwlsw jIvn’ ivc sw& mMndy hn ik auh inrmlw pRxwlI ivcoN hn qy aunHW ny muK qOr ‘qy rwmwiex, mhWBwrq qy hor ihMdU gRMQ, inrmilAW dw &rIdkotI tIkw pVHy hoey sn)[

‘j`Qw iBMfrW-mihqw’ drAsl inrmilAW dw iek AMg (ih`sw) hY qy ienHW dw rol dUjy swDW qy rwDwsuAwmIAW qoN vKrw nhIN hY[ ies nUM iksy gurUU nw jW BweI mnI isMG jW bwbw dIp isMG ny nhIN clwieAw sI bl ik inrmly swDUAW dw tolw sI[ iek bwbw jrnYl isMG nUM C`f ky, ies jQy dy aunHW qoN pihlW dy Aqy aunHW qoN mgroN dyy swry muKI inrMkwrIAW qy rwDwsuAwmIAW dw rUp hI sn[

bwbw jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwly qy dsmgRMQ

dsmgRMQIey iBMfrWvwilAW dw iek hvwlw dy ky kihMdy hn ik aunHW ikhw sI: “(sRI) dsm gRMQ dI bwxI dw pwT qy ArQ smJxy qW driknwr, buzidl AwdmI ies dI bwxI sux nhIN skdw; ieh kwierW dw gRMQ nhIN hY; ies gRMQ dy iek iek AMg ivc hwQIAW dIAW icMgwrW, ikrpwnW dIAW tuxkwrW qy GoiVAW dIAW rkwbW dIAW AwvwzW suxdIAW hn[“

iBMfrWvwilAW dI g`l hY vI s`c, ies ikqwb (mYN ies nUM gRMQ nhIN kih skdw) dIAW kivqwvW buzidl vwsqy nhIN hn; bhuq ihMmq qy dlyrI cwhIdI hY[ t`tI iPrn gey lokW dIAW p`gW lwhux vwsqy; s`ky Brw nwl Bog krn vwsqy, pwlkI ivc svwr ho ky SryAwm sVk dy ivckwr Bog krn vwsqy, pqI nUM DoKw dy ky Bog krn vwsqy, cMgy nSy kr ky, 12-12 qy 24-24 GMty Bog krn vwsqy, swzSW qy clwkIAW nwl pqI nUM mUrK bxwaux vwsqy scmuc bhuq dlyrI cwhIdI hY[ Swied koeI bhuq ‘bhwdr’, ‘Dwrimk’ ‘rUhwnI’ S^sIAq, koeI sMq, mhWpurK, bRhmigAwnI hI ieho ijhIAW gMd-rs vwlI ilKqW pVHn dI ihMmq kr skdwhY[

iek hor gpOVw ieh prcwirAw jw irhw hY ik jUn 1984 ivc ShId hox vwly ies gRMQ dy ihmwieqI sn jW ies nUM pVH ky ShId hoey sn[ ieh vI inrI g`p hY[ ijhVy 1978 qoN 1984 qk (Aqy iPr 1994 qk) smyN ivc ShId hoey sn, aunHW ivcoN 90% ny ies ikqwb nUM (jwpu, svYXy, cOpeI, Akwl ausqq qy iek-A`D hor nUM C`f ky, Xwin 90% ih`sw) kdy nhIN piVHAw sI[ ienHW ShIdW ivcoN drjnW nUM qW mYN injI qOr ‘qy jwxdw hW[ iPr ies qoN ieh svwl vI auTdw hY ik nOvyN gurUU qk ShId hox vwilAW ny qW ieh hrigz nhIN piVHAw ho skdw, so ieh burCwgrd aunHW nUM qW is`K hI nhIN mMnxgy; ieM\ qW ieh lok pihly nON gurUUAW nUM vI is`K nhIN mMnxgy, ikauNik aunHW ny vI qW ieh kivqwvW nhIN pVHIAW hoxIAW[

AKOqI soDk kmytI dw mslw

ieh prcwirAw jWdw hY ik 1897-1902 ivc ies nUM iek AKOqI ‘soDk kmytI’ ny 32 bIVW vwcx mgroN AMiqm rUp id`qw sI[ ieh kmytI kI sI? 1823 qoN hI drbwr swihb ‘qy inrmilAW qy auydwsIAW dw kbzw sI (jo 12 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn pMQ kol AwieAw)[ aus vyly ikqwbW ilK ky Aqy Awpxy Awp nUM AYlwnIAw qOr ‘qy ihMdU kihx vwly Kym isMG bydI Aqy aus dy swQI pujwrI ieQy kwbz sn (ieh vI Xwd rhy k Kym isMG bydI aus prvwr nwl sbMD rKdw sI, ijhVw AYNglo-is`K lVweIAW ivc AMgryzW dw v&wdwr irhw sI, qy ijs nUM AMgryzW ny v&wdwrI dy eInwm vjoN 1878 ivc 28472 eykV zmIn id`qI sI)[ AKOqI dsmgRMQ dIAW swrIAW dIAW ilKqW ptnw vwsI inrmlw lyKkW su`Kw isMG, idAwl isMG, nvl isMG, Awqmw rwm (Akwl ausqiq qy igAwn pRboD dw lyKk; Swied jwpu dw vI) dIAW rcnwvW hn; Aqy, ieh swrIAW ilKqW 1775 dy Awly duAwly dy smyN ivc ilKIAW geIAW sn[ ieh swry inrmlw lyKk dyvI pUjk sn qy Awpxy Awp nUM ihMdU mMndy sn[ ies dw pihlw prcwr mwlkm qy kolbruk dIAW swizSW dw is`tw hY[ isMG sBw dy Asl AwgUAW (Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr: gurUmuK isMG qy igAwnI id`q isMG) ny ies AKOqI soDk kmytI nUM r`d kIqw sI[ dUjw, ies kmytI ny ‘AKOqI dsmgRMQ isr& ienHW bIVW dy pwT Byd dw &rk soiDAw sI[ aunHW ny ies ikqwb nUM gurUu rcnw swibq nhIN kIqw sI[

BweI mnI isMG dI jwAlI ic`TI

dsmgMQIey Awpxy h`k ivc iek ic`TI dw shwrw lYNdy hn ijs nUM auh BweI mnI isMG dI ilKI kihx dI hrkq krdy hn[ ies ic`TI dI AMdrUnI gvwhI hI kihMdI hY ik ieh JUTI hY[ (1) ic`TI ivc koeI swl nhIN hY; ivswK 22 iliKAw hY; jwx buJ ky swl nhIN iliKAw vrnw aus nwl vI Byd KulH jwxw sI[ (2) ic`TI dw lyKk qwp dI kQw do vwr suxdw hY qW jo bImwrI dUr ho sky (kI BweI mnI isMG kQw sMkt mocn Sbd dw pujwrI ho skdw hY?)[ (3) “bMdw mukiq hoie Bwg gieAw hY” inrI g`p hY[ bMdw isMG isr& iek vwr dsMbr 1715 ivc gurdws nMgl ivc PiVAw igAw sI qy 9 jUn 1716 nUM ShId kIqw igAw sI[ auh kdy kYd ivcoN nhIN B`j sikAw sI[ jy aus dy lohgVH ivcoN bc ky inklx dI g`l hY qW auh qwrI^ 30 nvMbr 1710 sI; qy ieh ic`TI aus smyN dI nhIN ho skdI (4) iPr jy ies JUTI g`l nUM vI swhvyN r`iKAw jwvy qW ieh ^q mwrc 1716 qoN pihlW dw hoxw cwhIdw hY[ ies p`KoN vI ieh g`p swibq huMdI hY[ 1710 ivc jd bhwdr Swh ny is`KW dw kqlyAwm krn dw hukm id`qw sI qW audoN BweI mnI isMG sxy swry jxy gurUU-dw-c`k C`f ky, dUr-durwfy ipMfW ivc cly gey sn; so “mMdr kI syvw myN koeI Awlk nhIN” inrw JUT hY[ (5) “ibnod isMG dy puqryly dw hukm squ hoie gieAw hY” vI JUT hY ibnod isMG dw koeI muqbMnw pu`qr nhIN sI[ (6) hMdwlIAW dw muZlW nwl rl ky is`KW dI mu^lw&q krn dI kwrvweI 1723 qoN bwAd dI hY[ (7) ic`TI ivc poQIAW ‘mwqw jI’ nUM Byjx dIAW g`lW hn jd ik prcwr ieh kIqw igAw hY ik ieh sMpwdn BweI mnI isMG ny kIqw sI[ jy mnI isMG ny ‘sMpwdn’ krnw sI qW aus nUM ieh sB id`lI Byjx dI ko loV sI? iPr aus lok vwips sB ikvyN pu`jw? auh Awp qW ies mgroN id`lI kdy vI igAw hI nhIN sI[(8) ‘hukm squ’ pMjwb dI nhIN pUrbI bolI hY[ bwkI dI bolI vI 1710 qy 1716 dI nhIN hY[ so ieh ic`TI inrI g`p hY, 100% &I sdI JUT hY[ ijs ny vI ieh nklI ic`TI iqAwr kIqI sI, clo bolI pMjwb dI nw hox dIAW ZlqIAW Aqy bwrIk inb nwl ilKx dIAW g`lW nUM jy C`f vI dyeIey qW vI aus ivcwry nUM qvwrI^ dw zrw mwsw vI ielm nhIN sI, vrnw AYnIAW bjr ZlqIAW nw krdw[ ieh ic`TI 1929-30 ivc iqAwr kIqI geI sI qy ies nUM dsmgRMQI igAwnI hrnwm isMG ny prcwirAw sI[iPr Asl ic`TI iksy kol vI nhIN; jy huMdI qW 1929-30 dy kwZz qoN hI g`p swibq ho jwxI sI[

dsmgRMQI toly ny ies ic`TI nUM iqAwr krn dy nwl-nwl ieh prcwr krnw vI SurU kr id`qw sI ik gurUu goibMd isMG swihb dw iliKAw swrw BMfwrw 6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn srsw ndI pwr krn l`igAW ndI ivc Awey hVH ivc ruVH igAw sI[ iksy ny ieh nw soicAw ik dsMbr ivc ndI ivc hVH ik`QoN Aw skwdw sI? ieh swrIAW g`pW inrmilAW ny ies kUVy kbwVy nUM gurUu dy nW nw joVn vwsqy GVIAW sn[

dsm gRMQ dunIAW dI Dwrimk qwrI^ ivc sB qoN v`fI swizS hY

gurUU goibMd isMG swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux qoN qkrIbn pOxy do sO swl mgroN bicqr nwtk (AKOqI dsm gRMQ) nUM aunHW dI ilKq dy qOr ’qy pyS krn dIAW koiSSW SurU hoeIAW sn[ ies nUM AMgryzW ny is`KW nUM aulJx ivc pwaux Aqy ihMdU lyKkW ny is`KI nUM bdnwm krn vwsqy Aijhw prcwr SurU kIqw sI[ ies ikqwb dIAW rcnwvW bVIAW GtIAw drjy dIAW hn qy aunHW ivc gurUU swihb dI S^sIAq nUM burI qrHW bdnwm kIqw igAw hY[ hux i&rkU ihMdU jmwq rwStr soiem syvk sMG qy hor is`K duSmx jmwqW ny is`KW ivcoN kwlIAW ByfW l`B ky ies dw prcwr SurU kIqw hoieAw hY[ AKOqI dsm gRMQ ivc inrmilAW Aqy hor kvIAW dIAW ilKIAW rcnwvW dy nwl inrmilAW ny AwpxIAW ilKqW pw ky ienHW nUM gurUU swihb dIAW ilKqW swibq krn dI koiSS kIqI[

gurUU goibMd isMG swihb ies dunIAW ivc 46 swl 9 mhIny qy 18 idn rhy (mYN gurUU swihb dw jnm 1661 dw mMndw hW 1666 dw nhIN)[ ieh swrw smW gurUU jI vwsqy j`dojihd dw sI[ Swied koeI mhInw hI Aijhw hovy jd gurUU jI nUM iksy Aihm msly nwl do-cwr nw hoxw ipAw hoovy[ cOdW swl dI aumr ivc gurg`dI sMBwlx dy idn qoN AwpxI ShIdI qk, 33 swl lgwqwr, auh iek iksm dy mYdwny jMg ivc rhy sn[

1678 ivc aunHW ny gurUU gRMQ swihb dw srUp mukMml krvwieAw[ aunHW 52 kvIAW qy hor mhwn &nkwrW nUM srprsqI id`qI[ aunHW do ngr (pwauNtw swihb qy AnMdpur swihb) vswey[ aunHW ny phwVI rwijAW nUM jrvwixAW qoN keI vwr bcwieAw[ aunHW ny Aihswn-&rwmoS phwVI rwijAW qy muZl &OjW dy hmilAW dw keI vwr mUMh qoiVAw[ 1688 qoN 1708 qk aunHW ny qkrIbn 20 vwr, ‘Awdm-boA’ krdIAW zwlm &OjW dw twkrw kIqw[ do v`fy muZl bwdSwhW (AOrMgzyb qy bhwdr Swh), srhMd dy dihSqgrd sUbydwr vzIr ^wn, mlyrkotlw qy ropV dIAW dIAW &OjW, keI iklHydwrW, &OjdwrW, iblwspur, hMfUr (nwlwgVH), gVHvwl Aqy keI hor ihMdU irAwsqW dy hwkmW qy rjvwiVAW dy hmilAW dw mUMh moiVAw[

gurUU swihb ny pUrb ivc ptnw qoN lY ky bwbw bkwlw qk, mwlvw, bWgr dys, mwJw, dUn, doAwbw Aqy hor ielwikAW ivc Drm prcwr kIqw[ A^Ir ivc Awp ny qlvMfI swbo qoN bGOr qy iPr id`lI qoN nMdyV qk dw s&r kIqw qy ies dOrwn Drm prcwr vI kIqw[ gurUU jI dI izMdZI dw iek-iek pl, iek-iek lmhw, j`dojihd, s&r, pRcwr jW iksy hor AYkSn ivc ru`iJAw irhw[

dUjw Aihm svwl ieh hY ik hr iek is`K dy mn ivc AwauNdw hY ik jy ieh dsmgRMQ is`KW dw gRMQ sI qW kdy iksy is`K rwjy ny ies dw nW nhIN ilAw; kvI sMqoK isMG, kuier isMG, igAwnI igAwn isMG, sYnwpqI kvI ‘dsmgRMQ’ l&z dw izkr qk nhIN krdy, isMG sBw lihr (1873) ny ies nUM pRcwirAw nhIN; AkwlI dlW ny ies dI kdy g`l nhIN kIqI sI; hor qW hor pihlW iksy fyry (sxy iBMfrW gurU`p dy fyry: cOk mihqw, sMgrwvW, s`qovwlI, lMmw j`tpurw) ny ies AKOqI gRMQ vwsqy kdy vI, zrw-mwsw vI, muihMm ikauN nhIN clweI sI? ies dw pRcwr 2006 ivc ikauN SurU hoieAw? ies dy do muK kwrn hn:

(1) gurUU gRMQ swihb qoN qoVn dI swizS

2004 ivc is`KW ny gurUU gRMQ swihb dy iqAwr hox dI cOQI SqwbdI mnweI sI Aqy 2008 ivc ies dI gurUg`dI dI qIjI SqwbdI mnwaux jw rhy sn[ ies nwl dunIAW Br dy lokW ivc ‘Sbd gurUU’ dI AhmIAq dw pRcwr hoxw sI[ ‘Sbd gurUU’ dw &ls&w dunIAW ivc iksy Drm kol nhIN Aqy Drm Aqy &ls&y ivc ies qoN aupr koeI g`l nhIN ho skdI[ ies nUM CuitAwaux vwsqy dunIAW Br ivc swzsW GVIAW geIAW sn[

sB qoN pihlI swzS Kwlsy dI qIjI SqwbdI (1999) qoN iek dm bwAd GVI geI sI ijs hyT is`KW ivc swDW dy v`g pYdw kIqy gey; aunHW dw pRcwr qy prswr kIqw igAw; mIfIAw Aqy is`K ivroDI AdwirAW rwhIN aunHW nUM is`KW ivc kwiem krn vwsqy swrw zor lwieAw igAw[ swDW dw ijMnw pRcwr ies kwl ivc hoieAw sI auh pihlW kdy nhIN hoieAw sI Aqy ies dw isr& ieko-iek kwrn sI: “is`KW ivc gurUU gRMQ swihb Aqy 10 gurUUAW dy SrIk pYdw kIqy jwx; dUjw is`KW dw srmwieAw ienHW swDW dy fyirAW ‘qy p`ujy aqy is`K gurUduAwirAW nUM C`f ky fyirAW nwl juV jwx[ ies pRwjYkt ivc swrIAW is`K duSmx iDrW ny rol Adw kIqw Aqy bhuq v`fI kwmXwbI hwisl kIqI [ Aj pMjwb ivc Gto Gt 25 fyry Aijhy hn ijnHW dI AwmdnI drbwr swihb qoN ikqy vD hY Aqy 500 fyry Aijhy hn ijnHW dI Awmdn bhuq v`fy qvwrI^I gurUduAwirAW qoN vI vD hY[ pMjwb dy SihrW Aqy swFy bwrW hzwr ipMfW ivc 15000 dy krIb gurUdAwry hn pr fyirAW dI igxqI ienHW qoN ikqy vD hY[ dUjw ienHW dIAW zmInW Aqy AwmdnW gurUduAwirAW dIAW kul AwmdnW qoN bhuq hI vD hn[ is`KW nUM gurUduAwirAW qoN fyirAW ivc lY jwxw is`K duSmxW dI bhuq bhuq v`fI kwmXwbI hY[ rwDwsuAwmI, nwmDwrI, nUrmihlIAw, srsw fyrw, BinAwrw vZYrw dIAW kwrvweIAW ies swzS qoN vK hn[

dUjI swizS 2006 ivc GVI geI ijs hyT AKoqI dsmgRMQ nW dI ikqwb nUM gurUU gRMQ swihb dy brwbr ilAwaux dI krqUq kIqI geI[ 13 nvMbr 2006 dy idn idAwlpurw BweIkw ivc dsmgRMQ nUM gurUU gRMQ swihb dy brwbr r`K ky pwT kIqy gey qy gurUU dw iek hor SrIk pYdw kIqw igAw[ iek pwsy r`b, nwm, BgqI dw pwT ho irhw sI qy dujy pwsy rwm, ikRSn, rudr, nyhklMkI, ivSnU qy durgw dIAW is&qW aucwrIAW jw rhIAW sn qy jW iPr kwm, Bog krn dy v`K-v`K AwsnW Aqy swzSW GVn dy qrIikAW dw pwT kIqw jw irhw sI[ kys dwVHI r`K ky, p`gW bMnH ky ies kMjr hrkq krn vwilAW nUM zrw mwsw vI Srm nw AweI[ pr, aunHW dI rUh ivc m`sw rMGV dw vwsw ho cukw sI; aunHW dy AMdr kwmI dyviqAW dIAW rUhW dw fyrw vs cukw sI[ gurUU ‘qy ies qoN v`fw hmlw kI ho skdw sI?

^udmu^iqAwrI dw Aihsws dI g`l ^qm krn dI swizS

ies dsm gRMQ nW dI ikqwb nUM is`KW ivc pRcwrn dw dUjw kwrn ieh sI ik is`KW dw bhuq v`fw ih`sw Kwilsqwn, Awzwd is`K mulk, ^udmu^iqAwrI dw ihmwieqI sI; audoN qW 99% is`K AwzwdI cwhuMdy sn (hux ieh igxqI bhuq Gt hY, ikauN GtI hY ies svwl dw jvwb dyx vwsqy iek vKrw qy v`fw lyK ilKWgw)[ is`KW ivc ^udmu^iqAwrI dI mMg dy ip`Cy muK kwrn ieh sI ik auh Awpxy Awp nUM v`Krw Drm, vKrI kOm qy vKrI nsl mMndy hn[ ienHW nUM ^udmu^iqAwrI Aqy Kwilsqwn qoN htwaux vwsqy ‘is`KW ivc vKrypx qy inAwrypx dw Aihsws’ ^qm krn vwsqy iek pwsy ^u&IAw Aqy dUjy pwsy zwhrw lihr clweI geI sI[ ipCly 50 swl qoN hI, pr Kws kr ky 1997 qoN bwdl srkwr dy vyly qoN, Awr.AYs.AYs., ihMdU pRISd, BwrqI jnqw pwrtI, iSv sYnw qy hor i&rkU ihMdU pwrtIAW, jmwqW Aqy AdwirAW ny is`KW nUM ihMdU kihx qy pRcwrn dI muihMm zorW SorW nwl SurU kr r`KI sI[pr dUjy pwsy is`K imSnrIAW, ivdvwnW Aqy pRcwrkW ny ies dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw Aqy 1981 dy ‘is`K vKrI kOm hY’ dy AYlwn-nwmy nUM ^Ub prcwirAw- ies nwl ieh i&rkU ihMdU p`qw burI qrHW PylH ho igAw[

(3) Qrf eyjMsI dI plwinMg

A^Ir is`K duSmx ‘Qrf eyjMsI’ ny bhuq sUKm hiQAwr vrqx dI plwn bxweI; auh sI dsmgRMQ dw pRcwr[ dsm gRMQ nUM pRcwrn dw mksd kwlpink ihMdU AvqwrW dIAW kQw khwxIAW, aunHW dy kwrnwmy, aunHW dI qwkq, aunHW dIAW is&qW suxwauxw Aqy ienHW dyvI dyviqAW vwsqy is`KW ivc SrDw Brnw[ ies mksd dI pUrqI vwsqy keI Aihm AYkSn kIqy gey, ijnHW ivcoN kuJ ieh hn:

ieh pRcwr kIqw igAw ik gurUU gRMQ swihb Drm hY Aqy dsmgRMQ isAwsq; gurUU gRMQ swihb drbwr swihb hY Aqy dsmgRMQ Akwl q^q; gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc SWqI hY Aqy dsmgRMQ ivc roh hY; Xwin dsmgRMQ qoN ibnw gurUU gRMQ swihb ApUrn hY[ dsmgRMQ ivc 95% kI hY, ieh mYN SurU ivc ds AwieAw hW), pr ienHW ny dsmgRMQ nUM isr& iek sONqn hI nhIN sgON mhwrwxI dy rUp ivc pyS kIqw igAw[
ieh pRcwr kIqw igAw ik dsmgRMQ dw iek pwT gurUU gRMQ swihb dy 10, 20, 100 pwT dy brwbr hY, Xwin gurUU gRMQ swihb Cotw hY[
gurUduAwirAW ivc, ^ws kr ky drbwr swihb ivc, AKoqI dsmgRMQ dIAW kivqwvW nUM kIrqn vjoN gwauxw SurU kIqw igAw[ dsmgRMQ ivcoN kivqwvW nw gwaux vwly rwgIAW nUM drbwr swihb ivc kIrqn dyxw AxAYlwny qOr ‘qy bMd kIqw igAw[
swD toly rwhIN gurUU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI dw kIrqn bMd krvw ky jW Gtw ky aunHW nUM ssqIAW kivqwvW qy gwixAW dw ‘kIrqn’ SurU krvwieAw igAw[ A`j 90% swD kivqwvW suxwauNdy hn, gurUbwxI dw kIrqn nhIN krdy Aqy lokW nUM mUrK bxwaux vwsqy ieh kihMdy hn ik gurUbwxI muSikl hY lokW nUM smJ nhIN AwauNdI qy kivqwvW smJ Aw jWdIAW hn; iPr hor pwp ieh krdy hn ik kivqwvW nUM ‘k`cI bwxI’ kih ky bwxI dy nyVy dw drjw dy dyNdy hn[[
hux keI gurUduAirAW ivc AKoqI dsmgRMQ dw ‘pRkwS’ vI kr id`qw igAw[ pihlW isr& kWgrs srkwr dy pRbMD hyTly nMdyV Aqy ptnw ivc dsmgRMQ ipAw hoieAw sI jW id`lI dy srkwrI swD ivrsw isMG dy fyry ‘qy sI[ pr 2006 qoN bwAd ‘Qrf eyjMsI’ rwhIN cOk mihqw Aqy hor keI fyirAW ivc ies dw pRkwS krvw id`qw igAw hY[

is`K sMgqW nUM gurUU gRMQ swihb qoN ieh qrIky vrq ky qoiVAw igAw hY[

dsmgRMQ dw Asr kI hovygw?

Qrf eyjMsI dI plwn sI ik dsmgRMQ dy pRcwr qy pRswr mgroN hOlI-hOlI is`KW ivc ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW vwsqy SrDw Awpxy-Awp bxdI jwvygI Aqy 10-20 swl qk kuJ gurUduAwirAW ivc rwm ikRSn dIAW mUrqIAW kwiem krn dw rsqw sw& ho jwvygw (ies dI SurUAwq mnIkrn, lCmxcylw rwm dy fyry Aqy cmn lwl dy fyry qoN kr id`qI geI hY)[ ies dw bhwnw ieh bxwieAw jwvygw ik “vyKo jI dsmgRMQ ivc ienHW dyvI dyviqAW dw izkr hY[” iBMfrW-mihqw jQw Aqy hor inrmlw fyirAW dI rihrws ivc qW pihlW hI ienHW dyvI dyviqAW dIAW is&qW dw ‘pwT’ hoxw SurU ho cukw hY, imswl vjoN:

rwm vwsqy:

dohrw: rwm kQw jug jug Atl sB koeI BwKq nyq]

surg bws rGubr krw sgrI purI smyq]1]

cOpeI ]jo ieh kQw sunY Aru gwvY]

dUK pwp iqh inkt nw AwvY]

ivSnU vwsqy:

ibsn Bgq kI ey Pl hoeI] AwiD bXwiD CÍYY skY n koeI]

qÍpRswid kir gRMQ suDwrw] Bul prI lhu lyhu suDwrw]2]

dohrw: nyqR quMg ky crn qr squdRv qIr qrMg]

sRI Bgvq pUrn kIXo rGubr kQw pRsMg]3

(rwm Avqwr, bMd 858-862)

mwqw (iSv dI vhutI pwrbqI) vwsqy:

ikRpw krI hm pr jg mwqw] gRMQ krw pUrn suB rwqw]

iklibK skl dyh ko hrqw] dust doKIAn ko CY krqw]26]

sRI AsDuj jb Bey dieAwlw] pUrn krw gRMQ qqkwlw]

bWCq Pl pwvY soeI] dUK n iqsY ibAwpq koeI] 27]

(cirqropwKXwn, cirqR 405, bMd 26-27)

ieM\ hI ikRSn, iSv, hnUmwn qy keI hor dyvI dyviqAW dI pUjw dI isikAw vI dsmgRMQ ivc imldI hY[

ieM\ AKOqI dsmgRMQ dy pRcwr qy pRswr nwl is`KW qy ihMdUAW ivclw &rk hOlI-hOlI imt jwvygw Aqy is`KW ivc inAwrwpx Aqy ^udmu^iqAwrI, Kwilsqwn, vKrw mulk, vKrI kOm dw nW inSwn imt jwvygw ikauNik jd dyvI dyvqy iek hn qW &rk kwhdw? ieh sUKm hiQAwr kwmXwb hoieAw Aqy Qrf eyjMsI ny Awpxy eyjMtW rwhIN dsmgRMQ nUM is`KW ivc kwiem kIqw hY[ ieh nhIN ik dsmgRMQ dy swry pRcwrk Qrf eyjMsI dy qn^whdwr hn, kuJ bysmJ qy mUrK vI hn ijnHW dy ‘brynvwS’ kr ky aunHW nUM nIm ihMdU soc v`l tor id`qw igAw hY[ aunHW nUM pqw hI nhIN lg irhw ik auh ikvyN is`K duSmx eyjMsIAW dI cwl ivc Ps ky is`KI nUM ^qm kr ky ihMdU muKDwrw dw ih`sw bx rhy hn[

dunIAW dy bhuqy ivdvwn, sxy ihMdU ivdvwnW dy, rwm qy ikRSn nUM kwlpink ikqwbW dy hIro mMndy hn[ dUjy pwsy, gurUU gRMQ swihb qW ienHW bwry ikhw hY ik: “jugh jugh ky rwjy kIey gwvih kir AvqwrI] iqn BI AMqu n pwieAw qw kw ikAw kir AwiK vIcwrI ]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 422-23)[ gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc rwm qy ikRSn nUM r`b qW kI mMnxw sgoN keI jgh aunHW dIAW ie^lwkI kmzorIAW dw izkr vI AwauNdw hY:

ikRSn bwry :

“juj mih joir ClI cMdRwvil kwn@ ik®snu jwdmu BieAw] pwrjwqu gopI lY AwieAw ibMdRwbn mih rMgu kIAw]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 470; hor vyKo: gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 559)[

“sglI QIiq pwis fwir rwKI] Astm QIiq goivMd jnmwsI] Brim BUly nr krq kcrwiex] jnm mrx qy rhq nwrwiex] kir pMjIru KvwieE cor] Ehu jnim n mrY ry swkq For] sgl prwD dyih loronI] so muKu jlau ijqu khih Twkuru jonI] jnim n mrY n AwvY n jwie] nwnk kw pRBu rihE smwie]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1136)[

rwm bwry:

“rovY rwmu inkwlw BieAw] sIqw lKmxu ivCuiV gieAw]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 953-54);

“rwmu JurY dl mylvY AMqir blu AiDkwr ] bMqr kI sYnw syvIAY min qin juJu Apwru ] … mn mih JUrY rwmcMdu sIqw lCmxu jogu] hxvMqru AwrwiDAw AwieAw kir sMjogu]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1412).

“pWfy qumrw rwmcMdu, so BI Awvqu dyiKAw Qw] rwvn syqI srbr hoeI, Gr kI joie gvweI QI]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 874-75)[

gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc rwm cMdr qy rwm (r`b) dw &rk vI sw& kIqw hoieAw hY, ijvyN

“kbIr rwm khn mih Bydu hY, qw mih eyku ibcwru] soeI rwmu sBY khih, soeI kauqkhwr]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1375)

(gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc ieho ijhy hor hvwly vI mOjUd hn)[

Qrf eyjMsIAW dIAW kuJ kwmXwbIAW

Qrf eyjMsI dw sB qoN v`fw hwisl (kwmXwbI) ieh hY ik dssmgRMQI tolw ^udmu^iqAwrI dI g`l krnoN qkrIbn ht hI igAw hY[ aunHW dI 99% qwkq dsmgRMQ dw pRcwr Aqy pRswr krn jW gurUU grMQ swihb dy ihmwieqIAW (Xwin dsmgRMQ dy ivroDIAW) dy i^lw& pRcwr krn vwsqy lgdI hY Aqy AYvyN idKwvy vwsqy zrw mwsw Kwilsqwn dw nW lY lYNdy hn; keI qW Kwilsqwn dw nW vI iblkul hI nhIN lYNdy[

dUjw ieh lok is`KI dy Asly, is`K jIvn jwc, is`LI dy lwswnIpx dI qW iblkul g`l hI nhIN krdy[ aunHW dIAW swrIAW kwrvweIAW bRwhmxI qy krm kWfI ho cukIAW hn[ aunHW ny gurUduAwirAW nUM ‘is`K mMdr’ bx ilAw hY qy auQy joqW jgdIAW hn, ‘KMf pwT’ huMdy hn, 90 qrHW dy lMgr lgdy hn, ngr kIrqn dy nW ‘qy v`fy-v`fy jlUs k`Fy jWdy hn, v`fy v`fy kIrqn drbwr qy AKOqI-sMq smwgm huMdy hn; ies idKwvy Aqy frwmy ivc kOm dw swrw pYsw qy qwkq ^qm kIqI jw rhI hY qy is`K nUM aulJw ky, Buclw ky, gumw ky kr ky is`KW nUM Asl is`KI qoN dUr kr id`qw igAw hY[ ienHW cODrIAW ny Awpxy ieMqzwm hyTly gurUduAwry iek iksm dIAW mw&IAw kmytIAW dIAW Dwrimk kl`bW bxw id`qy hn[

Qrf eyjMsI dI qIjI v`fI kwmXwbI is`KW ivc sMgrWdw, m`isAw Aqy pUrnmwsIAW nUM “is`K Dwrimk idhwVy” vjoN kwiem krn dI hoeI hY[ 2003 ivc iek kYlMfr rwhIN cwlwkI nwl ‘is`KW dIAW sMgrWdW’ kwiem kr id`qIAW geIAW Aqy ienHW sMgrWdw vZYrw nUM is`K purb grdwn ky Akwl q^q Aqy SromxI gurUduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI hI nhIN blik kuJ imSnrI kwljW Aqy Awpxy Awp nUM lwswnI is`KI dy AlMbrdwr AKvwaux vwilAW dI mnzUrI vI idvw id`qI geI sI[ aus nwl iek nvW ibkrmI sMmq dw BweI kwiem kr id`qw igAw sI (hux aus nUM qkrIbn ^qm kr ky purwxw SurU kr id`qw igAw hY)[

dsmgRMQ ny scmuc jIvn bdilAw

ies dsmgRMQ dI iek is&q qW mMnxI pvygI ik ies dw Asr bhuq zbrdsq hY; sw& nzr Aw irhw hY ik ies nUM pVHn jW mMnx vwilAW izMdgI ivc bVI v`fI qbdIlI AweI hY[ ij`Qy gurUU gRMQ swihb dI isiKAw ivc nwm, BgqI, ipAwr, imTws, inmrqw dIAW g`lW hn auQy AKOqI dsmgRMQ ivc n&rq, gu`sw, swzSW, T`gI, byeImwnI, hmly, lVweIAW, guMfwgrdI, kwm qy ivBcwr qy kMjrpuxw, pwp, kUV dIAW g`lW hn; Aqy, AKOqI dsmgRMQ nUM mMnx vwilAW dy jIvn ivc ieh swrw kuJ pUrI qrHW smw igAw hY; auh DmkIAW, hmly, n&rq dI bolI, swzSW, byeImwnIAW ivc sV-gl rhy hn[ ikqy fw hrijMdr isMG idlgIr nUM kql krn dIAW DmkIAW iml rhIAW hn, ikqy joigMdr isMG spoksmYn nUM DmkwieAw jw irhw hY, ikqy gurb^S isMG kwlw A&Zwnw, gurcrn isMG ijaUxvwlw qy drSn isMG rwgI dy i^lw& jMg CyVI hoeI hY; Aqy, ieMdr isMG G`gw qW ienHW dy guMifAW h`QoN do vwr n`k BMnw cukw hY[ ieM\ hI AKOqI dsmgRMQ dy ihmwieqI ikqy (DnvMq isMG p`lI iJ`kI, Amr isMG bVUMdI, dljIq isMG iSkwgo, mwn isMG iphovw, l`fU isMG, Gwlw isMG) kuJ kql, ryp, auDwly zmIn nUM hVpx dy dy kysW ivc Psy hoey hn, kuJ kql dI swzS dy; Xwin ies AKOqI dsmgRMQ nUM pVHn vwly cirqropwKXwn vrgw jIvn jIA rhy hn[ so, AKOqI dsmgRMQ ny ‘kmwl’ dI dyx id`qI hY[ kdy gurUU gRMQ swihb pVHn vwly vI DmkIAW, guMfwgrdI, swzSW krdy hn? nhIN, iek vI Gtnw AijhI nhIN –- ieh sB AKOqI dsmgRMQ dI hI ‘mhwn’ dyx hY[

smu`cy qOr ‘qy ieh ikhw jw skdw hY ik dsmgRMQ muK qOr ‘qy durgw/BgauqI/cMfI, rwm, ikRSn, cOvI AvqwrW, iSv (mhWdyv) Aqy ivSnU dI pUjw dw imlgoBw, kwm dyvqw dIAW ivlwsqw BrIAW KyfW Aqy niSAW dy mwxn dw gRMQ hY[ dsm gRMQ dunIAW Br dI Dwrimk qwrI^ ivc sB qoN v`fw pwp hY[ gurUU gRMQ swihb nwl dsm gRMQ dw mukwblw krn qoN ieM\ lgdw hY ijvyN iksy ny AMimRq dy bwty ivc zihr Gol id`qw hovy; ksqUrI ivc qMbwkU imlw id`qw hovy, Aqy, Pu`lW dy rs qy Aqr Pulyl ivc ivStw pw id`qI hovy[ byhd Srm dI g`l hY ik kuJ lok ies dw mukwblw gurUU gRMQ swihb nwl krdy hn Aqy ies ikqwb nUM aus dy brwbr rKdy hn[ ieh lok ikhVw mUMh lY ky gurUU dI drgwh ivc pyS hoxgy? ies qoN v`fw pwp hor kI ho skdw hY? ies qoN v`fw pwp hor koeI nhIN ho skdw!

^ws not:

dsmgRMQ dIAW hQilKqW ivc iek v`fI swizS ieh vI imldI hY ik kuJ h`Q ilKqW ‘qy purwxIAW qwrI^W pw ky lokW nUM mUrK bxwieAw imldw hY[ cirqropwKXwn dI iek poQI ‘qy 1723 iliKAw vI imldw hY, jd ik kwZz qoN pqw lgdw hY ik ieh bhuq bwAd dI hY[
ieM\ hI dysw isMG inrmlw dw rihqnwmw, ijs dI rcnw dw kwl aunIvIN sdI hY, nUM gurU kwl dw d`sx Aqy BweI mnI isMG dw pu`qr bxwaux dI swizS vI rcI geI sI[
koier isMG, su`Kw isMG, sUrq isMG (is`KW dI Bgqmwlw dw Asl lyKk), sMqoK isMG, sMq isMG igAwnI dw pu`qr gurmuK isMG qy drbwrw isMG (‘guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN’ dy Asl lyKk) sB inrmly sn qy dsmgRMQ toly dw ih`sw sn[
pMfq kysr isMG iCbr Aqy srUp dws B`lw inrmilAW dy hI swQI sn[ srUp isMG kOiSS (lyKk gurU kIAW swKIAW), ijs ny AwpxIAW ilKqW dw bRwhmxIkrn kIqw[ ienHW sB ny is`K qvwrI^ burI qrHW ivgwVI sI Aqy inrmilAW dy bicqr nwtk (aur& dsmgRMQ) dIAW kivqwvW nUM gurU rcnw pRcwrn dI swizS dw ih`sw bxy sn[

dsmgRMQ bwry ivdvwn pihlW cup ikauN rhy?

ieh svwl kIqw jw skdw hY ik is`K rihq mirAwdw bxwaux vyly jW inqnym qy pwhul dIAW bwxIAW nIAq krn vyly, iksy ivdvwn ny iqMn kivqwvW (jwpu, svYXy, cOpeI) bwry ieqrwz ikauN nhIN auTwieAw jW ienHW ‘qy ikMqU ikauN nhIN kIqw? ies dw kwrn ieh hY ik BwvyN ieh ikqwb (dsmgRMQ) ATHwrvIN sdI dy A^Ir ivc iqAwr ho cukI sI Aqy inrmlw soDk kmytI ny ies dw Aw^rI rUp 1902 ivc iqAwr kr ilAw sI, pr ieh Awm lokW qk kdy nhIN sI pu`jI[ lokW ivc isr& jwpu qy svYXy, Akwl ausqiq, cOpeI vZYrw hI prcwry gey sn (ikauNik ienHW dI bolI sOKI sI qy bwxI vW| pVHy jW gwey jw skdy sn) Aqy cOpeI qW bhuq hI AwswnI nwl cyqy kIqI jw skdI sI[ ieM\ hI bicqr nwtk ivcoN ‘qhI pRkws hmwrw BXo, ptnw sihr ivKy Bv lXo’ FolkI ku`t ku`t ky gwey jwx nwl lokW nUM zbwnI Xwd ho igAw sI (auh smJdy sI ik gurUu jI dw ptny dw jnm hox kr ky ieh shI hI hovygw)[ iesy qrHW kuJ inhMg j`iQAW nUMu su`Kw ipAw-ipAw ky ‘cMfI/ durgw dyvI dI vwr dy Goty luAwey gey[ ies nwl auh bysmJI ivc durgw/cMfI dy aupwSk bx gey sn[

gurduAwirAW ‘qy inrmilAW dw kbzw hox kr ky ieh AYny pRclq ho gey ik ieh Awm lokW dI mwniskqw (swiekI) ivc ieM\ Swiml ho gey ijvyN ik ieh scmuc bwxI hox; lok ibnW socy smJy ies nUM gurUu rcnw mMnx lg pey (ijvyN lokW ny ipCly kuJ swlW qoN Akwl q^q dy AKOqI ‘jQydwr’ dw nklI qy nwjwiez Ahudw s`c mMn ilAw)[

ies mwhOl kwrn iksy ivdvwn qk nUM vI ies DoKy dw i^Awl qk nw AwieAw[ iesy kr ky ieh pwhul Aqy inqnym dIAW bwxIAW dw ih`sw bx gey[ ieh ikqwb ivdvwnW kol audoN qk nhIN pu`jI jd qk ieh pRYs ivc Cp ky nw Aw geI[ ies dw pRYs Cwpw vIhvIN sdI dy A`D qoN mgroN AwieAw sI[ sB qoN pihlW 1965 ivc rqn isMG j`gI ny AwpxI pI.AYs-fI. dw QIiss ilK ky ies dI AslIAq nUM zwihr kr ky ies nUM bynkwb kIqw sI[ ies mgroN ivdvwnW ny ies nUM pVHnw SurU kIqw Aqy igAwnI Bwg isMG, mihdr isMG joS, jgmohn isMG igAwnI qy ipRMsIpl hrBjn isMG ny ies sbMDI ikqwbW Aqy lyK ilK ky pMQ nUM jwgrUk kIqw[ hux hOlI-hOlI swry ivdvwnW nUM ies dw cwnx ho igAw Aqy auh kurlw auTy ik auh iks pwp nUM gurUu nwl joV rhy sn[ ieh gu`sw audON qU&wn dw rUp Dwrn kr igAw jd nvMbr 2006 ivc inrmlw toilAW, fyirAW, Awr.AYs.AYs. dy dsmgRMQ mw&IAw ny ies swkq ikqwb nUM gurUu gRMQ swhb dy brwbr pRkwS kr ky ies dw AKOqI AKMf pwT kr ky ies nUM gurUu gRMQ swihb dI sONkx bxwaux dw kdm auTwieAw[ 9 nvMbr 2006 dy idn ‘spoksmYn’ A^bwr ivc Cpy ieSiqhwr ny ies swizS nUM bynkwb kr ky lokW ivc jwgrqI ilAWdI Aqy is`K pMQ is`KI ’qy kIqy gey ies v`fy hmly dy i^lw& auT KVw hoieAw Aqy ies kUV ikqwb nUM r`d kr id`qw[

AsIN AKOqI dsm gRMQ nUM guru rcnw mMnx dw gunwh ikauN krdy rhy hW?

kuJ lok kihMdy hn ik fw hrijMdr isMG idlgIr AwpxIAW ilKqW ivc bicqr nwtk (AKOqI dsmgRMQ) nUM guru goibMd isMG jI dI rcnw kihMdw irhw hY (auh myrI ikqwb ‘is`K rY&rYNs buk’ dw hvwlw dyNdy hn[ auh ieh vI kihMdy hn ik idlgIr ny kuJ QWvW ’qy AKOqI dsm gRMQ dIAW kuJ tUkW dy hvwly vI id`qy sn[ auh iblkul TIk kihMdy hn[ mYN jd qk AKOqI dsm gRMQ piVHAw nhIN sI, ies nUM guru rcnw mMnx dw gunwh krdw irhw sI qy ies ivcoN hvwly vI idAw krdw sI[ mYN hI nhIN igAwnI Bwg isMG qy gurqyj isMG dIAW ikqwbW myry kol peIAW hn ijnHW ivc aunHW ny AKOqI dsm gRMQ ivcoN hvwly id`qy hn[ pRo. drSn isMG vI AKOqI dsm gRMQ dIAW kivqwvW guru dI bwxI mMn ky gwauNdy rhy sn[ ijauN ijauN AsIN ies AKOqI dsm gRMQ nUM pVHdy gey swnUM cwnx huMdw igAw Aqy AsIN ies kUV ikqwb dw pwj auGyVnw SurU kr id`qw[ AsIN vyikAw ik jwpu, svYXy, Akwl ausqq, cOpeI sB nklI hn qy guru rcnw nhIN hn[ inrmilAW ny 1823 qoN 1920 qk drbwr swihb ’qy kbzw krI r`iKAw sI[ aunHw ny hI ‘inqnym’ dw irvwz SurU kIqw (guru goibMd isMG jI ny koeI inqnym nhIN sI d`isAw) qy ies ivc do bwxIAW dy nwl-nwl iqMn kivqwvW AKOqI dsm gRMQ dIAW vI pw id`qIAW[ aunHW ny sMqoK isMG dy sUrj pRkwS dI kQw vI SurU kr id`qI Aqy pMQ ivc ku&r Swiml kr id`qw[ ies kr ky pRcwrk Aqy ivdvwn BulyKy ivc rhy qy auh inqnym dy nW hyT krm kWf vI krdy rhy qy AKOqI dsm gRMQ dIAW kivqwvW nUM gurU dI bwxI mMnx dI ZlqI vI krdy rhy[ ijauN-jauN cwnx huMdw igAw idmwZ vwly is`K AKOqI dsm gRMQ dw s`c jwx gey qy ies nUM r`d krn lg pey[ ijnHW nUM smJ nhIN auh A`j vI AKOqI dsm gRMQ nUM guru rcnw mMnx dw gunwh kr ky gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Gor byiezqI kr rhy hn[