14 julweI
1848: AMgryzW ny mhwrwxI ijMdW dy swry kpVy auqrvw ky jwmw-qlwSI leI Aqy swry gihxy Aqy pYsy zbq kr ley
14 &rvrI 1846 ivc lwhOr dI Asl qwkq Awpxy h`Q ivc lYx mgroN AMgryzW ny pMjwb ’qy pUrI qrHW kbzw krn dy plwn hyT, sB qoN pihlw vwr rwxI ijMdW ’qy krn dI qrkIb bxwauxI SurU kIqI[ AMgryz rYzIfYNt &rYfirk k`rI cwhMudw sI ik rwxI ƒ lwhOr coN bwhr ByijAw jwvy ikauNik iek auhI sI ijhVI AMgryzW dy rwh dw roVw sI ikauN ik lok aus dI ie`zq vI krdy sn qy aus dw ikhw vI mMndy sn[ pr gvrnr jnrl ies dy h`k ivc nhIN sI ik aus ƒ aus dy nwbwlg puqr qoN vKrw kr idqw jwvy, ikauN ik ies kwrvweI nwl is`KW ivc ros &Yl jwx dw fr sI[
ienHIN idnIN iek hor Gtnw vwpr geI[ &rvrI 1847 ivc lwhOr drbwr dy iek v&wdwr BweI prymw isMG ny plwn bxweI ik Zdwr qyjw isMh bRwhmx Aqy AMgryz rYzIfYNt ƒ, aunHIN idnI SwlImwr bwZ ivc hox vwly iek smwgm ivc, kql kr ky mhwrwjw dlIp isMG ƒ Agvw kr ky, AMgryzW ƒ k`Fx vwsqy muihMm clweI jwey[ pr AMjwm hox qoN pihlW hI ies plwn dI sUh AMgryzW ƒ iml geI Aqy BweI prymw isMG qy aus dy swQIAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ ies swizS ƒ ADwr bxw ky rwxI ’qy vI muk`dmw clwaux dI socI geI[ AMgryzW dw ielzwm sI ik BweI prymw isMG ƒ BweI mhwrwj isMG (nOrMgwbwdI) Aqy rwxI dI ihmwieq hwisl sI[ pr mhwrwxI i^lw& koeI sbUq nhIN sI, isvwey ies dy ik aus dw munSI bUtw isMG (jo mgroN isMG sBw lihr dw AwgU bixAw sI) BweI prymw isMG ƒ do vwr imilAw sI[ AMgryz rYzIfYNt dI rwxI ijMdW ’qy kys clwaux dI is&wrS ƒ gvrnr jnrl ny r`d kr idqw ikauNik bUtw isMG vwlw sbUq kmzor-jhI g`l sI jo lokW ƒ hzm nhIN hoxI sI[
ies mgroN 7 Agsq 1847 dy idn rYzIfYt ny AMgryzW dy mddgwrW, pr lwhOr drbwr dy ZdwrW, dy snmwn ivc iek smwgm r`iKAw[ ies smwgm ivc Zdwr qyjw isMh imsr bRwhmx ƒ rwjw dw iqlk lwieAw jwxw sI[ bwl mhwrwjw dlIp isMG ny AYn mOky ’qy h`Q ip`Cy kr ky iqlk lwaux qoN nWh kr idqI[ ies ’qy AMgryzW ny iek pujwrI koloN iqlk luAw idqw[ lwrf hwrifMg ny ies dw izMmydwr rwxI ƒ TihrwauNidAW ikhw ik auh Awpxy duSmxW dy snmwn qoN AOKI sI iesy kr ky aus ny mMufy (dlIp isMG) ƒ Aijhw krnoN roikAw sI[ hwlWik dlIp isMG ny kysr ivc auNgl pw vI idqI sI pr (rwxI dy ieSwrw krn ’qy) aus ny h`Q ip`Cy kr ley qy kursI ’qy FoA lw ky bYT igAw[ ies Gtnw mgroN rwxI dy pMj v&wdwr syvwdwr (mMglw, jIvn isMG, hIrw isMG, AmIr b^S qy hridAwl) ƒ nOkrI qoN k`F ky lwhOr qoN bwhr Byj idqw igAw[ rwxI ƒ vI iklHy dIAW dIvwrW dy AMdr mihdUd kr idqw igAw[ aus ƒ AwpxI mrzI dy lokW nwl imlxoN vI rok idqw igAw[ ies qoN kuJ idn mgroN, 19 Agsq 1847 ƒ, aus ƒ lwhOr qoN SyKUpurw Byj idqw igAw[
aus dI pYnSn vI fyF lK qoN Gtw ky isr& 48 hzwr rupY (qIjw ih`sw qoN vI Gt) kr idqI geI[ meI 1848 ivc rwxI ijMdW nUM pMjwb qoN ihMdUsqwn ivc Byj idqw igAw; aus ƒ SyKUpurw qoN bnwrs iljwieAw igAw[ 15 meI 1848 dw idn aus dw pMjwb ivc Aw^rI idn sI[ hux aus dI pYnSn, jo pihlW fyF l`K qoN 48 hzwr kr idqI geI sI, hux auh hor Gtw ky isr& 12 hzwr swlwnw kr idqI geI sI[
rwxI ijMdW dI hor byiezqI krn vwsqy iek idn 14 juulweI 1848 ƒ aus dy swry kpVy auqrvw ky aus dI jwmw-qlwSI leI geI[ aus dy 50 lK rupY dy gihxy Aqy do lK nkd rupY zbq kr ley gey[
1986: Amr isµG, mnjIq isµG, sµqoK isµG, suKdyv isµG, gurdIp isµG, kulvµq isµG qy hor nklI mukwbilAW ivc ShId
14 julweI 1986 dy idn srh`d pwr krn dI koiSS dy nW ’qy puls ny Amr isµG qy mnjIq isµG ShId kr id`qy[ iesy idn sµqoK isµG, suKdyv isµG, gurdIp isµG, kulvµq isµG vI nklI mukwblw bxw ky ShId kr id`qy gey[ ienHIN idnIN srh`d dy Awly-duAwly qkrIbn 20 qoN 30 qk is`K bwrfr pwr krn jW nklI mukwbly dy nW ’qy ShId kIqy gey sn[
1987: hrpwl isMG kMfktr ShId
14 julweI 1987 dy idn sI.Awr.pI.AY&. ny AµimRqsr bs stYNf ’qy iek bs kµfktr hrpwl isµG ƒ byvjh golI mwr ky ShId kr idqw[
1989: bldyv isMG iB`KIivMf nklI mukbwly ivc ShId
14 julweI 1989 dy idn puls ny bldyv isMG (pu`qr jgmohx isMG, vwsI iB`KIivMf, izlHw qrnqwrn) nUM iek nklI mukbwly ivc ShId kr id`qw[
1990: blivMdr isMG hoTIAW qy v`sx isMG buly nMgl nklI mukbwly ivc ShId
14 julweI 1990 dy idn pMjwb puls ny blivMdr isMG (vwsI hoTIAW, AMimRqsr) qy v`sx isMG (vwsI buly nMgl, AMimRqsr) nUM nklI mukbwly ivc ShId kr id`qw[
1991: gurdIp isMG rumwxw c`k, bgIcw isMG cMigAwVw qy hrpwl isMG blyr, jgdIS isMG b`bU lIl klW, bljIq isMG nMglI, iCMdr isMG nvW virAwm, gurByj isMG soFI, guridAwl isMG imMtU qy srbjIq isMG lwlpurw nklI mukwbly ivc ShId
14 julweI 1991 dy idn pMjwb puls ny gurdIp isMG (pu`qr cmyl isMG, vwsI rumwxw c`k) nUM iek nklI mukbwly ivc ShId kr id`qw[ iesy idn pMjb puls ny bgIcw isMG aur& cMigAwVw qy hrpwl isMG (dovyN vwsI blyr), jgdIS isMG b`bU bbr (vwsI lIl klW), bljIq isMG aur& Cotw BuJMgI aur& subyg isMG aur& pYNtw (vwsI nMglI, AMimRqsr), iCMdr isMG aur& iCMdw (vwsI nvW virAwm, AMimRqsr), gurByj isMG soFI, guridAwl isMG imMtU qy srbjIq isMG (iqMny vwsI lwlpurw, AMimRqsr) nUM vI nklI mukwbilAW ivc ShId kr id`qw[
1992: suKivMdr isMG ndohr, blivµdr isMG Kwsw, rxjIq isMG folpur, subyg isµG, ipRQIpwl isµG kwauNky, pRkwS isµG pwsI, AmrjIq isµG, drSn isµG vwsI ku`iqAWvwlI Aqy vIh hor is`K nklI pulIs mukwbly ivc ShId
cOdW julweI 1992 dy idn puls ny suKivMdr isMG (pu`qr srdUl isMG, vwsI ndohr) blivµdr isµG (pu`qr dlbIr isMG, vwsI Kwsw, nyVy siTAwlw), rxjIq isMG ( pu`qr jgIr isMG, vwsI folpur, nyVy btwlw) subyg isµG, ipRQIpwl isµG kwauNky Aqy vIh hor is`K nklI mukwbly ivc mwr id`qy[ iesy idn pRkwS isµG pwsI, AmrjIq isµG, drSn isµG vwsI ku`iqAWvwlI vI nklI mukwbilAW ivc ShId kr id`qy gey[
2013: ispwhI kulvMq isMG mwxk ny nklI mukwbilAW d nW ‘qy 15 is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw ieMkSw& kIqw
14 julweI 2013 dy idn pMjwb puls dy iek Qwxydwr sqvMq isMG mwxk ny SryAwm mIfIAw ivc iekbwl kIqw ik 1991 qoN 1993 ivckwr mogw puls v`loN nklI puls mukwbly ivc mwry bygunwh is`KW ivcoN 15 kqlW dw auh ^ud gvwh sI[ 12 idn pihlW surjIq isMG v`loN 83 kqlW dy ienkSw& vW| ies ibAwn dw nw qW ZYr is`K (Xwin BwrqI) mIfIAw Aqy nw hI iksy Adwlq ny noits hI ilAw[ ieh sI hwl iek Zulwm kOm dy kqlyAwm sbMDI ihMdU mIfIAw dy rol dw[ surjIq isMG v`loN zwihr kIqy gey nklI mukwbilAW ivc hyT ilKy nW Swiml sn: kulvMq isMG kMqw (vwsI GuimAwrw, &rIdkot), bldyv isMG kirmqI, blivMdr isMG ibjlIvwlw, inrml isMG inMmw rwjyAwxw vZYrw[
hrijMdr isMG idlgIr