^lI&w (ieslwm ivc)
ieslwm ivc hzrq muhMmd dw jwnSIn: hzrq muhMmd dI mOq qoN bwAd cwr ^lI&y ieslwmI qvwrI^ ivc Aihm QW rKdy hn:
- AbU bkr: sdIk Abdu`lw (pu`qr AbI kuhw&w, jnm 27 AkqUbr 573)[ ieh hzrq muhMmd dw dosq Aqy shurw sI[ hzrq muhMmd dI sB qoN CotI aumr dI bIvI AwXSw iesy dI hI bytI sI[ ieh 8 jUn 632 qoN 23 Agsq 634 qk, isr& svw do swl hI, ^lI&w irhw sI[ ies dI mOq 23 Agsq 634 dy idn mdInw ivc hoeI sI
- aumr (puqr ^`qwb iebn nu&Yl, jnm sMn 584)[ ieh hzrq muhMmd dI qIjI pqnI hæ&sw dw bwp sI[ ies nUM AmIr-aul-moimnIn dw ^qwb id`qw igAw sI[ ies ny &wrs (eIrwnI swmrwj) Aqy imsr nUM &qh kIqw sI[ ies ny AlYZzYNdrIAw (iskMdrIAw) dI kImqI lwiebryrI nUM ies kr ky swV id`qw sI ik ies ivc auh ikqwbW hn ijnHW ivc kurwn (dI isiKAw) dy ault iliKAw hoieAw hY[ ies ny jYrUslm nUM &qh kr ky au¤Qy iek v`fI msijd bxweI sI[ 3 nvMbr 644 dy idn, jd ieh nmwz pVH irhw sI qW i&roz nW dy iek Zulwm ny ies ’qy ^Mjr nwl hmlw kr ky ies nUM burI qrHW z^mI kr id`qw sI; ies qoN iqMn idn ip`CoN ies dI mOq ho geI sI)[ ieh 23 Agsq 634 qoN 3 nvMbr 644 qk ^lI&w irhw sI
- ausmwn/ auQmwn (pu`qr A`&wn iebn Al As, jo kurYSI kbIlw dI bnU au`mXw ^wndwn ivcoN sI, jnm 579)[ ieh hzrq muhMmd dIAW do DIAW rukIAh Aqy au¤mU kulsmUm dw pqI sI[ ies nUM pihly ^lI&y AbU bkr dy pu`qr muhMmd ny 30 jUn 665 dy idn mdIny ivc kql kr id`qw sI[ ieh 6 nvMbr 644 qoN 17 jUn 656 qk ^lI&w irhw sI
- AælI (pu`qr AlI qwilb, jnm 15 sqMbr 601, mOq 29 jnvrI 661)[ ieh hzrq muhMmd dw ccyrw Brw qy dwmwd Aqy &wiqmw dw Grvwlw sI[ ieh sMn 656 qoN sMn 661 qk, pMj swl, ^lI&w irhw sI[ ieh Ahudw C`fx mgroN ieh kU&w ivc Abdur rhmwn dy h`QoN zihrIlI qlvwr dy vwr nwl z^mI ho ky cwr idn mgroN mr igAw sI[ ies dI kbr nz& ivc hY[ ies dy 18 pu`qr qy 18 DIAW sn, ijnHW ivcoN iqMn (hsn, husYn qy muhsn) hzrq muhMmd dI DI &wiqmw dy pyt qoN sn[ ienHW dI AOlwd nUM seIAd ikhw jWdw hY)[
ieh cwr ^lI&y ieslwm dI qvwrI^ ivc sB qoN vD Aihm QW rKdy hn (ienHW bUM cwr Xwr dy nW nwl vI Xwd kIqw jWdw hY ikauN ik ieh cwry hzrq muhmd dy swQI sn)[
pMjvW ^lI&w AlI dw pu`qr hsn sI ijhVw isr& Cy mhIny ^lI&w irhw sI[ ies mgroN i^lw&q dimSk (hux ilbnwn dI rwjDwnI) dy bwdSwhW dy kbzy ivc Aw geI sI[
sMn 661 qoN sMn 749 qk ienHW dy 14 ^lI&y hoey sn[ ies mgroN ieh bZdwd (ierwk) dy hwkmW kol Aw geI Aqy sMn 1258 qk ienHW kol rhI[ ies mgroN ieh rUm dy bwdSwhW kol rhI[sMn 1517 qoN sMn 1924 qk ausmwnI (AOtomn) sulqwn Awpxy Awp nUM ^lI&w mMndy rhy sn[
12 nvMbr 1922 dy idn rUm dI ‘d grYNf nYSnl AsYNblI’ ny sulqwn vwihd-aud-dIn qoN i^lw&q Koh ky Abdul mjId nUM ^lI&w bxw id`qw sI[ hux aus dw slqnq nl koeI sbMD nhIN sI irhw Aqy auh isr& Dwrimk AwgU rih igAw sI[
A^Ir trkI dy prYzIfYNt musq&w kmwl ny 3 mwrc 1924 dy idn i^lw&q ^qm krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ auNj keI mulkW ivc keI-keI lok Ajy vI Awpxy Awp nUM ^lI&w AKvwauNdy hn[ suMnI lokW dw ivcwr hY ik ^lI&w kurYS ^wndwn qoN isvw iksy hor ^wndwn dw nhIN ho skdw; jd ik SIAw lokW dw ivcwr hY ik isr& AlI dy ^wwndwn ivcoN (Xwin seIAd) hI ^lI&w ho skdw hY[
pMjwb ivc kwdIAW dy rihx vwly imrzw Zulwm Aihmd ny sMn 1908 ivc ^ud nUM ^lI&w qy ‘mihdI’ hox dw AYlwn kIqw sI; aus dw ^wndwn Aqy aus nUM mMnx vwly AihmdIey AKvwauNdy hn, pr muslmwn aunHW nUM ieslwm dw ih`sw nhIN blik kwi&r mMndy hn.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)