kYlMfr qy nwnkSwhI kYlMfr
kYlMfr dw ArQ hY: idn qy mhInyvwr swl dIAW qwrI^W jwxn dw nkSw, cwrt, jMqrI[ ieh swry swl dy roznwmcy nUM jwxn dw cwrt huMdw hY ijs nwl lok Awpxw Awaux vwlw pRogRwm bxw/imQ/jwx skdy hn)[ dunIAw Br dy lok iek ‘kOmWqrI kYlMfr’ dy mqwibk Awpxw swry swl dw roznwmcw im`Qdy hn[
nwnkSwhI kYlMfr
aus is`K kYlMfr ƒ nwnkSwhI ikhw jw skdw hY, jo gurU nwnk swihb dy jnm dy swl 1469 qoN SurU huMdw hY[ bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr ny jdoN meI 1710 ivc srhMd ƒ ij`iqAw qW aus ny iek nvW sMmq (kYlMfr) jwrI kIqw[ aus kYlMfr muqwibk swl 1710 Kwlsw rwj dw sMmq pihlw bx igAw sI[ bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr ny mhIny Aqy mhIinAW dy idnW dy nWvW ƒ ibkRmI kYlMfr vwly hI r`iKAw sI[ pihlW is`K gurU swihb dy jnm qy joqI-joiq idn jW ShIdI idn dIAW qwrI^W k`Fx vwsqy ibkRmI sMmq ƒ vrqdy sn[ purwxIAW ilKqW ivc ibkRmI kYlMfr dI vrqoN sI ikauNik aunHW idnW iv`c ibkRmI kYlMfr hI ie`ko hI kYlMfr sI[
AMgryzI kwl (1849) qoN mgroN swrI dunIAw dw sWJw (ieMtrnYSnl, Xwin grYgorIAn) kYlMfr hI vriqAw jWdw hY qy swnUM aus dw is`K-rUp hI vrqx cwhIdw hY[ BwvyN ies nUM pop grYgr ny iqAwr kIqw sI, pr ies grYgorIAn kYlMfr ƒ eIsweI kYlMfr kihxw glq hY[ XhUdI Aqy dUjy, jo eIsweI nhIN hn, auh vI ies kYlMfr ƒ vrqdy hn[ jo eIsweI nhIN hn auh ey.fI. (AYny foimnI, ijs dw mwAnw hY: kRweIst dw idn) Aqy bI.sI. (ib&or kRweIst, Xwin eIsw qoN pihlW) SbdW dI vrqoN nhIN krdy[ auh sI.eI. (kwmn ierw, mOjUdw kwl) Aqy E.eI. (Elf ierw, Xwin purwxw kwl) l&z vrqdy hn[ jo ikRscIAn hn auh sMn 2007 nUM 2007 ey.fI. (A.D.) ilKxgy qy is`K qy dUjy ZYr-eIsweI ies nUM 2007 sI.eI. (C.E.) ilKxgy[ ieM\ hI -32 sMn nUM ikRscIAn 32 bI.sI. (B.C.) ilKxgy qy is`K qy dUjy ZYr-eIsweI ies nUM 32 E.eI. (O.E.) ilKxgy[
ibkRmI qy grYgorIAn kYlMfr ivc isr& ieh &rk hY ik ibkRmI cMn ’qy ADwirq hY qy grYgorIAn sUrj ’qy[ auN\ swieMiti&k p`K qoN cMn ‘qy ADwrq kYlMfr (ijs nUM ibkRmI vI kihMdy hn) vDyry shI hY ikauNik cMn cVHn dw iek isstm hY qy ies ivc kdy vI qbdIlI nhIN huMdI jd ik sUrjI kYlMfr ivc vwr-vwr qbdIlIAW krnIAW pYNdIAW hn[ ieh g`l kwbly-izkr hY ik eIsweI (eIstr vZYrw idn k`Fx vwsqy), muslmwn (muh`rm, eId Awid dy idn k`Fx vwsqy) qy XhUdI vI Awpxy Dwrimk idn nIAq krn vwsqy cMn vwly kYlMfr nUM hI vrqdy hn[
1998 iv`c, pwl isMG puryvwl nW dy iek S^s ny cMn qy sUrj dy kYlMfr dw iek imlgoBw ijhw kYlMfr iqAwr kIqw[ auN\ ieh pUrI qrHW Bwrq srkwr dy ‘S`k sMmq’ dI nkl hI hY (aus ny isr& sMgrWd nUM hI bdl ky Cy mhIny 7 idn qy Cy mhIny 8 idn A`gy kIqw hY)[ auh Awpxy ies is`K ivroDI kYlMfr ƒ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy kuJ bysmJ AwgUAW dI byvkU&I kwrx mnzUr krvwaux ivc kwmXwb ho igAw pr sMjIdw ivdvwnW ny ies nUM r`d kr id`qw sI[ ies dy bwvjUd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy bysmJ AwgUAW ny 2003 iv`c ies kYlMfr ƒ D`ky nwl lwgU kr id`qw (qy mgroN iPr ies dw rUp bdl id`qw)[ puryvwl dw kYlMfr ibkRmI kYlMfr qoN ikqy izAwdw AYNtI-is`K hY (sgoN ieh is`K &ls&y dy ault hY)[ puryvwlI klMfr nwl ieiqhws dIAW qwrI^W ivc qbwhkun aulJnW KVHIAW hoeIAW hn qy qwrI^W dy BulyKy KVHy hoey hn[aus ny 1469 dI QW ’qy 1999 dy ADwr ’qy qwrI^W k`F ky ipCly 530 swl dI qvwrI^ ivgwV ky r`K id`qI[ lok is`K ieiqhws dIAW sYNkVy ikqwbW ivc hor qwrI^W pVHngy qy puryvwl dIAW vKrIAW qwrI^W nwl aulJxW ivc Ps jwxgy[ ieh dw inSwnw qW sgoN is`K qvwrI^ ivgwVn dI iek FUMGI swizS jwpdw hY[ ieh koeI hYrwnI vwlI g`l nhIN hY ik is`K cODrIAW ny ies ip`Cy CupI hoeI cwlwk swizS ƒ jwxn dI koiSS nhIN kIqI[ (AijhI byvkU&I is`K cODrI Awm qOr ‘qy kirAw hI krdy hn).
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)