inSwn swihb dw rMg
nIlw ik kysrI/pIlw/Bgvw/bsMqI
gurU nwnk swihb ny is`KW ivc rUhwnI sUJ BrI sI, pr ijauN ijauN auh „dUjw‟ qy „hor‟ nUM Apxwaux lg pey qW aunHW dI sUJ ny vI drvwzy bMd kr ley[ aunHW ivc shI qy Zlq nUM smJx dI m`q vI GtdI geI[ ies dy nwl hI ibprn qy hor ZYrW ny vI is`K Drm, qvwrI^ Aqy &ls&y nUM ivgwVnw Aqy gMDlw krnw SurU kr id`qw[ iesy hwlq ivc ies aulJI is`K lifriSp nUM ieh vI pqw nw l`gw ik hor bhuq kuJ imlwvt dy nwl-nwl aunHW dy inSwn swihb dw rMg vI bdl igAw Aqy gurduAwirAW auqy audwsIAW qy rwjpUqW dy JMfy lihrwey jwx lg pey[ 1982 mgroN, KwVkU lihr vyly, bRwhmxW ny is`KW ivc bhuq cwlwkI nwl „kysrI‟ rMg nUM „pMQk‟ rMg GusyV id`qw Aqy aunHW ivc AwrIAw smwj dy gIq „myrw rMg dy bsMqI colw‟ dw pRcwr SurU kr id`qw[ KwVkUAW ivc sUJ nwloN golI qy fWg dw bol bwlw hox kr ky iksy ny ieh iKAwl vI nw kIqw ik auh gurU dw rMg C`f ky rwjpUqI rMg dy pYrokwr qy pRcwrk bx rhy sn[
Bwvy is~K leI iksy rMg dI vrqoN dI koeI pwbMdI nhIN hY[ auh iksy vI rMg dI koeI vI cIz vrq skdw hY; pr, gurU dy inSwn swihb rMg nhI bdilAw jw skdw Aqy ZYr Drm dw rMg dsqwr dy rMg vjoN nhIN ApxwieAw jw skdw[
kuJ lokW ny ieh ZlqibAwnI vI kIqI hY ik nIlw rMg qW muslmwnW dw hY[ aunHW BoilAW nU ieh vI pqw nhIN ik muslmwnW dw kOmI/Dwrimk rMg nIlw nhIN hrw hY[ gurU gRMQ swihb ivc „nIl bsqr‟ dw izkr vI AwauNdw hY[ nIl bsqr dw l&zI mwAnw hY: rMgdwr k`pVy[ ies dw mqlb nIly rMg dy kpVy nhIN, blik iksy vI rMg dy kpVy hY[ (vyKo: fw: gulvMq isMG, &wrsI-pMjwbI koS)[ „Awsw dI vwr‟ ivc ijhVw „nIl vsqR pihir hovih prvwxu…‟ dw izkr hY auh nIly rMg vwsqy nhIN blik musilm nIl pihrwvy (hry rMg dy) vwsqy hY[
auN\ nIlw rMg bhuq swry gurU swihbwn v`loN vDyry vriqAw igAw hY, Kws kr ky gurU goibMd isMG swihb v`loN[ is`K iltrycr ivc, pRmwqmw ƒ nIly k`piVAW vwlw pyS kIqw igAw hY[ ikauNik Awsmwn Aqy smuMdr dovyN hI fUMGweI/gihrweI kwrn nIly idsdy hn Aqy fUMGweI nUM keI lyKkW v`loN r`b dy icMnH (Symbol) vjoN pyS kIqw jWdw hY[
„KMfy dI pwhul‟ dI pOSwk
gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny AnMdpur swihb ivKy Kwlsw pRgt kIqw, qW audoN vI aunHW ny vI pMj ipAwirAW ƒ vI nIly bsqr puAwey sI Aqy Awp vI pihxy sn[ bhuq swrIAW ilKqW ivc „KMfy dI pwhul‟ dyx dw idRS sw& l&zW ivc ieM\ pyS kIqw hoieAw imldw hY:
“gurU goibMd isMG mhl dsmw, bytw gurU qyg bhwdr jI kw, swl sqrW sY pcwvn mMglvwr vYswKI ky idhuM pWc isKoN ko Kwfy kI pwhul dI, isMG nwm rwKw[ ipRQmY dYAwrwm sopqI KqrI bwsI lwhOr Klw hUAw, pwCy mohkm cMd CIpw bwsI dvwrkw, swihb cMd nweI bwsI ibdr jPrwbwd, Drm cMd jvMdw jwt bwsI hsqnwpur, ihMmq cMd Jivr bwsI jgnnwQ bwro bwrI Kly hUey, sb ko nIl Ambr pihnwieAw[ vhI vys Apnw kIAw[” (B`t vhI BwdsoN prgxw Qwnysr)
“ien pWcoN ko pWc pWc kkwr dIny[ nIly rWg kIAW dUhrIAW dsqwrW sjwie iqAwr kIAw igAw[” (gurU kIAW swKIAW, swKI nMbr 58, 1780 dI ilKq)[
“mhWkwl kw bwxw nIlw pihrwvxw[ krnw juD nwl qurkW Aqy qurkW ko mwr htwvxw[293]” (kysr isMG iCbr, bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqswhIAW kw, bMd 293, 1769 dI ilKq)[
“nvqn pMQ mirXwd kr, krYN klkI Drm pRkws[ sIs kys nIlWbrI, isMG sMigAw qyj invws[” (srUp cMd B`lw, mihmw pRkwS, 1776 dI ilKq)[
inSwn swihb (JMfy) Aqy P`rry/dsqwr dw rMg
gurU swihb dy smyN dOrwn is`KW dy inSwn swihb (JMfy) dw rMg vI nIlw sI qy ies dw puSwkw (bWs dw kpVw) surmeI sI[
16 jnvrI 1704 dy idn, jd gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny „P`rrw‟ dI irvwieq SurU kIqI qW vI aunHW ny nIlw „P`rrw‟ hI SurU kIqw sI:
“gurU jI ny ausI vkq bVI dsqwr* ko auqwr nIcy kysgI myN sy nIly rWg kw Prrw inkwl ky bcn kIAw ieh KwlsweI inSwn kBI Awgy sy tUtygw nhIN[” (gurU kIAW swKIAW, swKI 75)[
*gurU swihb dI v`fI dsqwr surmeI rMg dI sI[ swry is`K surmeI dsqwrW sjwauNdy huMdy sn[
1723 ivc Akwl purKIAW qy bMdeIAW (AKOqI q`q Kwlsw qy bMdeI Kwlsw) ivc JgVw bhuq vD igAw[ bMdeI AwgU Amr isMG kMboj ny nIlw rMg C`f ky lwl kpVy pihxnw SurU krvw id`qw sI:
“nIlw bMd krwieAw AMbr pihxnw[
sUhw AMg lgwieAw ies dy syvkW[” (ShId iblws, bMd 143)[
jdoN BweI mnI isMG ny „Akwl purKIAW‟ qy „bMdeIAW‟ (AKOqI q`q Kwlsw qy bMdeI Kwlsw) dw JgVw h`l krvwieAw qW aus ny bMdeIAW nUM dobwrw nIly rMg dy kpVy pihxwey:
“Jtkw kr ky sUr kw, mnI isMG mMgvwie[
sMgq isMG QIN Awid lY, bMdIAn idE Ckwie[150]
lwie qn^wh b^Sy sBI, nIlMbr pihxwey[
Brm Byd sB imt gXo, BeI eykqw Awie[151] (ShId iblws, bMd 150-51)[
BweI mnI isMG bwry izkr hY:
“swj dumwlw, Ssqr pihrY[
nIlMbr, gj svw kCihry[” (ShId iblws, bMd 185)
dXw isMG dy rihqnwmy ivc vI nIly rMg dy bsqr dw hukm d`isAw imldw hY:
jo AkwlI rUp hY, nIl bsqR Dihrwie[
jpy jwpU gurbr Akwl, srb loh pihrwie[1[
(ipAwrw isMG pdm, rihqnwmy, s&w 78, 1991 dI AyfISn)
gurdws isMG inrmlw (ijs dI vwr nUM kuJ lok BulyKy ivc BweI gurdws smJdy rhy sn) dI vwr, jo BweI vIr isMG (jo ^ud iek inrmlw sI) ny BweI gurdws dIAW dIAW vwrW dy nwl 41vIN vwr vjoN CwpI sI, aus ivc vI (vyKo: vwrW BweI gurdws, s&w 641) gurU goibMd isMG swihb v`loN „KMfy dI pwhul‟ dyx smyN nIly bsqr pihxn bwry sw& iliKAw hY:
jb sihjy pRgitE jgq mYN gurU jwp Apwrw[
XON aupjy isMG BujMgIey nIlMbr Dwrw[ (pauVI 15)
ATwrvIN sdI dy keI ZYr-is`K (^ws kr ky AMgryzI) soimAW ivc vI sw& iliKAw hY ik is`KW dw rMg nIlw sI (nw ik pIlw/Bgvw/kysrI)[ hyTW kuJ imswlw hwzr hn:
Francis Xavier Wendel (History of the Jats, Pathans and Sikhs, 1768):
“…he (Guru Gobind Singh) himself limited their mode of dressing and colour that he said he had been inspired to make known to them, that is, to let their hair and beards grow, to dress in no colour but blue, made of indigo.”
Du Perron (Indian Researches, 1788):
“Poor or rich, they always dressed in blue…”
Lt Col James Brown (Tracts, 1788)
“…their dress is dark blue, as ordered by Gooroo Gobind…”
Quintin Craufurd (Sketches Chiefly Relating to the History, Religion, Learning and Manners of the Hindoos, 1790):
“Blue … distinguishes the dress of the Seiks.”
pr, hux, „KMfy dI pwhul‟ dyx vwly „pMj ipAwirAW‟ Aqy jlUsW ivc A`gy c`lx vwly, nMgIAW* ikrpwnW qy inSwn swihbW vwly pMj is`KW dy kpiVAW dw rMg nIly dI QW ‟qy audwsIAW, bRwhmxW qy rwjpUqW vwlw rMg pIlw/kysrI/Bgvw/bsMqI SurU ho igAw hY[ ieh lok gurU dw nIlMbr rMg Bu`l gey hn[
(*nMgIAW ikrpwnW dI numwieS krnw 1984 qoN mgroN dI kwrvweI hY; ies nUM is`KW ivc pRclq krn dw kwrn is`KW nUM dihSqgrd vjoN pyS krnw hY; imAwn ivcoN ikRpwn qW audoN k`FxI huMdI hY jdoN aus dI vrqoN krn dI mjbUrI Aw jwvy)[
inSwn swihb nIly qoN pIlw/Bgvw/bsMqI/kysrI ikvyN bixAw?
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG vyly Akwl q^q swihb Aqy drbwr swihb dy ivckwr mhMq sMqoK dws „audwsI‟ dw buMgw (JMfw buMgw) sI, ijs dy bwhr aus dw „audwsI‟ m`q dw JMfw KVHw huMdw sI[ iek vwr ieh JMfw tu`t ky if`g ipAw[ aunHIN idnIN kMvr nOinhwl isMG AMimRqsr AwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus ny JMfw if`gw ipAw vyK ky nvW p`kw JMfw bxvw id`qw[ mgroN ies dy nwl iek hor JMfw KVw kr id`qw igAw[ jdoN is`K gurduAwirAW dw pRbMD audwsI mhMqW (1859-1920) dy h`Q ivc sI qW aunHW mhMqW ny JMfy buMgy vwly JMfy dw rMg, audwsIAW vwlw hI rihx id`qw sI (ijs nUM, mgroN, kuJ bysmJ is`K mIrI-pIrI dy do inSwn swihb kihx lg pey)[
jdoN 1920-25 ivc is`KW ny audwsIAW koloN Aqy hornW mhMqW koloN gurduAwirAW dw kbzw CufvwieAw qW auh gurduAwirAW ivc pRclq keI Ais`K kwrvweIAW ƒ bMd krnw B`ul gey sn[ inSwn swihb dw audwsIAW vwlw rMg ienHW Ais`K kwrvweIAW ivcoN iek sI[ audwsI mhMqW ny gurduAwirAW „qy audwsIAW dy Bgvy JMfy lwey hoey sn[ AkwlIAW ny aunHW qoN gurduAwry qW Awzwd krvw ley pr aunHW dy JMfy auqwr ky KwlsweI JMfy lwauxw Bu`l gey[ mgroN ies nUM gUVHw kr ky kdy „pIlw‟, kdy „bsMqI‟ qy kdy „kysrI‟ ivc bdl id`qw jWdw irhw[ iesy kr ky bhuqy gurduAwirAW „qy A`j vI audwsIAW dy pIly, bsMqI, Bgvy Jmfy Ju`l rhy hn, pr inhMgW dIAW CwauxIAW ‟qy isr& is`KW dy inSwn swihb Juldy hn ikauNik ienHW CwauxIAW Aqy aunHW dy kbzy hyTly gurduAwirAW ‟qy audwsIAW dw kbzw nhIN sI qy au~Qy is`KI dw Kwls rMg kwiem irhw sI[
hux bysmJ (swry nhIN) is`KW ny rwjpUqW, audwsIAW, inrmilAW qy AwrIAw smwj dy pIly/Bgvy/bsMqI/kysrI rMg nUM ijvyN ik is`K-rMg vjoN mnzUr kr ilAw jwpdw hY jo ik Zlq hY Aqy gurU dy hukm dy ault hY[ inhMg, jo ik is`K kOm dy JMfw PV ky jMgW dOrwn A`gy cilAw krn vwly (inSwncI/ inSwnvwlIey) sn, aunHW ny inSwn swihb dw gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy vyly dw nIlw rMg Aj qk kwiem r`iKAw hY[
vDyry jwxkwrI vwsqy vyKo: iesy lyKk dIAW ikqwbW d is`K klcr (AMgRyzI), AnMdpur swihb (pMjwbI qy AMgRyzI), igAwnI grjw isMG sMpwdq ShId iblws, ipAwrw isMG pdm sMpwdq gurU kIAW swKIAW[
iek purwxI pyNitMg ivc is`K JMfw:
11 mwrc 1783 lwl iklHw is`K JMfw „qy is`K JMfw:
fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr