gWDI dw jIvn s&r Aqy pMjwb ivc gWDI
ies pypr nUM do ih`isAW ivc vMifAw igAw hY: a. gWDI dw jIvn s&r Aqy A. gWDI Aqy pMjwb
- gWDI dw jIvn s&r
1.mohn dws (pu`qr krm cMd) gWDI dw jnm 2 AkqUbr 1869.
2.ksqUrbw jI nwl SwdI (aumr 13 swl) 1882.
3.pihly p`uqr hrIlwl dw jnm (aumr 19 swl) 1888.
4.ieMglYNf rvwngI sqMbr 1888, lMfn ie`nr tYNpl ivc vkwlq dIAW klwsW ivc dw^lw. 5.1891: (aumr 22 swl) 10 jUn bYirst bixAw qy 12 jUn nUM Gr vwpsI.
6.1892 (aumr 23 swl) vkwlq nw c`lI – dUjy pu`qr mnI lwl dw jnm.
7. 1893 (aumr 24 swl) ApRYl iek muk`dmy dy islisly ivc swaUQ A&rIkw gey.
8. 1893 jUn ivc pItrmwirqbrg stySn qy g`fI qoN auqwrn vwlI Gtnw. (krnl jI bI isMG Aqy itm vwtsn, ikqwb “gWDI: AMfr krws AYZzwmInySn” ivc ies Gtnw nUM r`d krdy hn).
- 1896 (aumr 27 swl): 5 jUn nUM vqn gey[ 30 nvMbr dy idn prvwr nUM lY ky swaUQ A&rIkw vwsqy cl pey.
- 1897 (aumr 28 swl): meI qIjy pu`qr rwmdws dw jnm.
- 1899 (aumr 29 swl): dsMbr „boier lVweI‟ ivc ih`sw ilAw[ ieMfIAn AYNbUlYNs kwrps bxweI[ swrjYNt myjr dw Ahudw.
- 1900 (31 swl): 22 meI cOQy pu`qr dyvwdws dw jnm.
- 1901 (32 swl): AkqUbr vwips vqn[ vkwlq nw clI qW dsMbr ivc prvwr porbMdr ivc C`f ky vwips swaUQ A&rIkw cly gey.
- 1906, mwrc: „zu`lU bZwvq‟ dy i^lw& brqwnvI srkwr dI mdd[
- 1906 jUn julweI kwly lokW (ijnHW nUM aunnHW „kwi&r‟ iliKAw sI) dy i^lw& srkwrI lVweI ivc ih`sw ilAw[swrjYNt myjr dw Ahudw imilAw.
- 1906 AkqUbr: eySIAnW dy i^lw& (Agsq 1905 ivc) bxwey „pol tYks‟ dy i^lw& brqwnvI srkwr qk phuMc krn vwsqy lMfn gey[ dsMbr ivc vwpsI.
- 1908 jnvrI „pol tYks‟ dy i^lw& hVqwl ivc 20 idn jylH ivc ibqwey[ iesweI pwdrI ifaUk nwl dosqI kwiem hoeI[ 1909 jUn ivc iPr lMfn gey qy AkqUbr ivc mVy[ies qoN bwAd brqwnvI srkwr nwl iPr imlvrqn[
- 1914, 13 jnvrI: jnrl sm`ts nwl smJOqw[ srkwr nwl nyVqw vD geI[ julweI ivc lMfn gey[ pihlI ivSv jMg SurU ho geI[
- 1916 gWDI ny AMgryzW dI mdd vwsqy ieMfIAn vwlMtIAr kwrps bxweI[ pr, bImwr pYx kr ky vDyry kMm nw kr sky.
- ies mgroN gWDI swaUQ A&rIkw nhIN gey qy 19 dsMbr dy idn lMfn qoN vqn nUM cl pey[ 9 jnvrI 1915 bMbeI pu`jy[
- brqwnvI srkwr ny aunHW dIAW syvwvW nUM mu`K rK ky „kYsr-ie-ihMd‟ dw i^qwb id`qw[
is`tw: gWDI iek vkIl dy qOr „qy nwkwm sI[ gWDI pihlW A&rIkw ivc brqwnvI srkswr dy v`fy ^Yr-^wh sI[ ie`Qy gWDI dI jy. ifaUk Aqy jnrl sm`ts nwl dosqI kwiem hoeI jo swrI aumr cldI rhI[ ies qoN ielwvw gWDI dy jrmn vwsI kwlnbYS* nwl sbMDW ny vI bhuq bihs-gocrIAW g`lW dw iezhwr kIqw hY ((gWDI dy kmry ivc isr& iek qsvIr kwlnbYS dI hI l`gI hoeI sI, vyKo: ikqwb “gryt sol: mhwqmw gWDI AYNf ihz strgl ivd ieMfIAw”, lyKk jos& lyilvYlf[
- gWDI Aqy pMjwb qy isK lIfriSp
gWDI dw pMjwb ivc rol 13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn jilHAW vwlw bwZ swky nwl SurU huMdw hY ijs dI gWDI v`loN inMdw. kIqI geI sI[ gWDI v`loN nw imvrqx lihr SurU krnw[
gWDI Aqy pMjw swihb gurduAwrw
SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbµDk kmytI dI kwiemI hox qk is`KW ny gurduAwrw cumwlw swihb lwhOr, gurduAwrw bwby dI byr isAwlkot, Akwl q^q swihb Aqy drbwr swihb AµimRqsr ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ 15-16 nvµbr 1920 ƒ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbµDk kmytI kwiem ho geI[ SRomxI kmytI kwiem hox dy Agly idn hI ^br pu`jI ik gurduAwrw pµjw swihb dw mhµq im`Tw isµh mr igAw hY[ ies ‟qy krqwr isµG J`br ny 18 nvµbr dy idn kuJ isµGW ƒ nwl ilAw Aqy ipµf hsn Abdwl v`l cwly pw id`qy[
jdoN ies dI ^br pµjwb dy kuJ kWgrsIAW ƒ imlI qW auh srdUl isµG kvISr dI koTI ‟qy iek`Ty hoey[ aunHW Awps ivc mSvrw kr ky Amr isµG Jbwl dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh jQy ƒ pµjw swihb jw ky kbzw qoN rokx[ aus vyly jQw lwhOr phuµc cu`kw sI[ Amr isG Jbwl jQy ƒ rokx vwsqy ShId gµj lwhOr pu`jy[ aunHW J`br ƒ AwiKAw ik „qusIN jQw lY ky nw jwE[ gWDI AwKdy hn ik 31 dsµbr ƒ svrwj ho jwxw hY[ gurduAwirAW ‟qy kbzy krnw koeI kµm nhIN[ AsIN swry kWgrs dw kµm krIey[‟ ies ‟qy jQydwr J`br ny jvwb id`qw, „mYƒ gWDI dy pRogrwm qy i&lhwl koeI XkIn nhIN ik AYfI CyqI Aµgryz ihµdusqwn C`f ky tur jwxgy[ pr, jy ieh g`l mµn vI leI jwvy Aqy svrwj ho vI jwvy qW swfy gurduAwry hor ^qry ivc ho jwxgy[ Azwd ihµdusqwn ivc ihµdU hkUmq hovygI[ ies vyly hkUmq Aµgryz dI hY[ AsIN gurduAwirAW ‟qy kbzy krdy hW[ hkUmq cu`p hY ikauN ik Aµgryz dI swfy nwl koeI mzhbI mu^wl&q nhIN[ jy kr gWDI dy khy muqwibk s`cmuc ihµdU rwj ho jwvy qW iPr swƒ gurduAwirAW dy nyVy iksy nhIN Awaux dyxw[ ihµdU swfy nwl mzhbI ie^qlw& r`Kdw hY[‟ so, kWgrsIAW dy AwKy ‟qy J`br ny rukx qoN nWh kIqI qy hsn Abdwl ƒ j`Qw lY ky cly gey[ (nrYx isMG, AkwlI morcy qy J`br, s&y 75-76)[
ies qoN sw& nzr AwauNdw hY ik is`KW qy pMjwbIAW ivc gWDI ‟qy AYnw Brosw sI ik auh smJdy sn ik gWDI AYnI CyqI svrwj lY ky dyx vwly sn[
gWDI qy nwnkwxw swihb
gWDI dw Asr kuJ AkwlIAW ‟qy AYnw ho igAw sI ik SRomxI kmytI ny 10-11 meI 1921 dI mIitMg ivc pws kIqw ik 9 jUn qoN gurU gRMQ swihb dy rumwly isr& sudySI (K`dr) dy hI hoieAw krn Aqy kVwh pRSwd ivc KMf dI QW ‟qy sudySI KMf (S`kr) vrqI jwieAw kry[ ies sbMDI Akwl q^q swihb dy nW ‟qy hukmnwmw vI jwrI kIqw igAw[ iPr ies ‘hukmnwmy’ dy ieSiqhwr Cwp ky vI vMfy gey[ (vyKo: aus hukmnwmy dI kwpI ikqwb „is`K qvwrI^‟ ikqwb, ijld qIjI ivc)[
(SRomxI kmytI kwiem krn bwry AkqUbr 1920 dy hukmnwmy vWg, ieh hukmnwmw SRomxI kmytI ny Awpxy nW ‟qy nhIN blik Akwl q^q dy nW ‟qy jwrI kIqw sI (Xwin Ajy vI AKOqI „jQydwr‟ dw koeI AKOqI „hukmnwmw‟ SurU nhIN hoieAw sI, ijhVw ik 1986 qoN mgroN dI kwF hY)[
20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb dy mhMq nwrwiex dws ny 180 qoN vD is`KW nUM byrihmI nwl kql kr id`qw[ jd ies dI ^br gWDI qk phuMcI qW aunHW v`loN ies dI inMdw kIqI geI[ pr nwl hI ikhw: “Aijhy toly dy 50 jW 100 bMdy gurduAwry dw kbzw lYx jWdy hn, auh qS`dd shwrdy hn pr Awp (qS`dd) nhIN krdy[ iPr vI jy pMjwh jW sO bMidAW dI BIV iek QW jWdI hY qW gurduAwry dw rKvwlw ies qoN firAw qW mihsUs krdw hovygw[” auNnHW ny ieh vI ikhw ik gurduAwirAW ‟qy kbzy krn vwsqy jQy iljwx dI QW ‟qy swlsI borf nwl h`l kro jW svrwj qk ies mslw mulqvI kr idE[ (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 19, s&w 401). gWDI ny qW vwips jw ky Awpxy prcy nvjIvn dy 13 mwrc 1921 dy prcy ivc ieh vI iliKAw “mYN Aj qk aunHW (is`KW) nUM ihMdUAW dw i&rkw smJdw irhw sI[ pr aunHW dy AwgU smJdy hn ik auh iek Alg Drm hn[”
AkwlIAW ny gWDI nUM nwnkwxw swihb sbµDI pVqwl krn vwlI kmytI ivc Swiml hox vwsqy bynqI kIqI[ gWDI ny Srq r`KI ik AkwlI dl srkwr nwl nwimlvrqx kry[ ies ‟qy AkwlIAW ny 6 mwrc 1921 dy idn srkwr nwl ShIdW dy muk`dmy bwry srkwr nwl nw-imlvrqx krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[
AkwlIAW v`loN nwimlvrqx krn dw mqw 8 mwrc 1921 dI Swm nUM gWDI nUM luiDAwxw ivc iml igAw qy AglI svyr nUM aunhW dy sk`qr ny ies dw jvwb vI dy id`qw (ieh swrIAW ic`TIAW dIAW &oto myrI ikqwb‟is`K qvwrI^‟, qIjI ijld ivc CpIAW hoeIAW hn)[A`T mwrc 1921 dy ivc gvrnr pµjwb ny is`K AwgUAW dI iek mIitµg lwhOr ivc s`dI Aqy nwimlvrqx dw mqw vwips lYx vwsqy AwiKAw[ pr jdoN AkwlI AwgUAW ny nWh kr idqI qW srkwr ny iek AYlwn jwrI kr idqw ik „„koeI j`Qw iksy gurduAwry ‟qy kbzw nw kry[ koeI vI S^s 8 ieµc qoN v`fI ikrpwn jW tkUAw nhIN rK skdw[‟‟
11 mwrc ƒ pulIs dI iek v`fI DwV ny nwnkwxw swihb dy gurduAwirAW ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ au~Qy J`br qy aus dy swQIAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw (Aqy aus ‟qy corI-fwky dy JUTy kys pw ky aus ƒ 7 swl, iek hor kys ivc 8 swl, kul 18 swl, vwsqy kYd kr id`qw igAw)[ 12 mwrc ƒ mUl isµG ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw (qy aus ƒ 3 swl dI kYd dI szw id`qI geI)[ ieµ\ hI l`Kw isµG ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ky aus ‟qy JUTy kys pw ky kYd dI szw id`qI geI[ hor kysW ivc qwrw isµG TyTr qy qyjw isµG Bu`cr ƒ vI kYd kIqw igAw qy qrqIbvwr 11 swl qy 9 swl kYd dI szw id`qI geI)[ (AkwlI morcy qy J`br, s&w 138)[
iPr 15 mwrc dy idn lwhOr dw kimSnr iek v`fI &Oj nwl nwnkwxw swihb pu`j igAw Aqy bhuq swry AkwlI igR&qwr kr ley[ aunHW ‟qy v`K-v`K qrHW dy kys pw ky kYd kr id`qw igAw[ igR&qwr kIqy hor is`K ieh sn: au~qm isMG nwnkwxw, rlw isMG jMfwlI, hIrw isMG JrV, inrml isMG rUpwloN, rwm isMG su`cl, inDwn isMG TIkrIvwlw, nrYx isMG, ikhr isMG, kwhn isMG TIkrIvwlw, sMqoK isMG lSkrI, cMcl isMG audoky, lwl isMG GukvwlI, moqw isMG pMforI, pUrn isMG pMforI, ikSn isMG jgdyE, A`Crw isMG butr, virAwm isMG mwkovwl, krqwr isMG mwn, aUDm isMG m`qy nMgl, surYx isMG pRymgVH (nwXk AMimRqsr 22 mwrc 1921)[ auN\, ies mgroN vI gWDI jW kWgrs ny nwnkwxw swihb dy swky bwry koeI rol Adw nhIN kIqw[
gWDI ny Akwl q^q qoN hukmnwmw jwrI krvwieAw
gWDI dw Asr kuJ AkwlIAW ‟qy AYnw ho igAw sI ik SRomxI kmytI ny 10-11 meI 1921 dI mIitMg ivc pws kIqw ik 9 jUn qoN gurU gRMQ swihb dy rumwly isr& sudySI (K`dr) dy hI hoieAw krn Aqy kVwh pRSwd ivc KMf dI QW ‟qy sudySI KMf (S`kr) vrqI jwieAw kry[ ies sbMDI Akwl q^q swihb dy nW ‟qy hukmnwmw vI jwrI kIqw igAw[ iPr ies ‘hukmnwmy’ dy ieSiqhwr Cwp ky vI vMfy gey[ (vyKo: aus hukmnwmy dI kwpI,ikqwb is`K qvwrI^ ikqwb ivc)
(SRomxI kmytI kwiem krn bwry AkqUbr 1920 dy hukmnwmy vWg, ieh hukmnwmw SRomxI kmytI ny Awpxy nW ‟qy nhIN blik Akwl q^q dy nW ‟qy jwrI kIqw sI (Xwin Ajy vI AKOqI „jQydwr‟ dw koeI AKOqI „hukmnwmw‟ SurU nhIN hoieAw sI, ijhVw ik 1986 qoN mgroN dI kwF hY)[
cwbIAW dw morcw
28 Agsq 1921 dy idn SRomxI kmytI dy AhudydwrW dI cox hoeI[19 AkqUbr ƒ SRomxI kmytI ny pws kIqw ik drbwr swihb dy qoSyKwny dIAW cwbIAW suµdr isµG rwmgVHIAw qoN lY ky nvyN pRDwn KVk isµG ƒ dy id`qIAW jwx[ies dI ieqlwh suµdr isµG rwmgVHIAw ny iek dm fI.sI. ƒ dy id`qI[7 nvµbr 1921 dy idn bwAd dupihr iqµn vjy lwlw Amr nwQ eI.ey.sI. pulIs dI iek DwV lY ky suµdr isµG rwmgVHIAW dy Gr igAw Aqy aus qoN drbwr swihb dy qoSyKwny dIAW qy kuJ hor cwbIAW lY leIAW[ A^Ir srkwr nUM hiQAwr su`txy pey[ies dI ^br jdoN gWDI ƒ pu`jI qW aus ny SRomxI kmytI ƒ iek qwr ByjI ijs ivc iliKAw sI: First battle of India’s independence won. Congratulations! (Bwrq dI AwzwdI dI pihlI lVweI ij`qI geI[ mubwrkW hox)[
jYqo dw morcw
ijs vyly gurduAwrw lihr SurU hoeI qW AMgryzI srkwr ny mhµqW dw swQ id`qw pr dUjy pwsy is`K rwijAW ny vI AkwlIAW dw iblkul swQ nw id`qw[ isr& nwBw dy mhwrwjy irpudmn isµG ny AkwlI lihr dI purzor hmwieq kIqI[ jdoN nwnkwxw swihb kqlyAwm dy i^lw& SRomxI kmytI ny ros idn mnwaux ihq kwly dsqwry sjwaux dI ApIl jwrI kIqI qW mhwrwjw nwBw ny qW Awp vI kwlI dsqwr sjweI Aqy nwnkwxw swihb sbµDI Ardws idn ‟qy srkwrI Cu`tI vI kIqI[ AµgryzI srkwr ƒ ies nwl bVI qklI& hoeI ikauN ik srkwr qW kwlw dsqwrw sjwaux vwilAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ky szwvW dy rhI sI[ hwlW ik nvµbr 1920 ivc jdoN gurduAwrw rkwb gµj id`lI dI F`TI dIvwr muV auswrn vwsqy „ShIdI jQw‟ id`lI iljwx dI qwrI^ dw AYlwn hoieAw qW ies mhwrwjw nwBw ny ivcolw bx ky dIvwr ausrvw ky srkwr ƒ muSkl ‟coN k`F ilAw sI[ pr iPr vI srkwr ƒ nwBy dw mhwrwjw cuBdw hI irhw[
aunHIN idnIN do irAwsqW pitAwlw qy nwBw ivc JgVy vwly nukiqAW bwry pVqwl krn vwsqy brqwnvI hkUmq ny Alwhbwd hweI kort dy iek j`j ƒ qweInwq kIqw hoieAw sI[ies j`j dI irport mgroN gvrnr jnrl nw rwjw nwBw nUM g`dI qoNhtw id`qw[ ijs dy i^lw& morcw l`gw, ijs dOrwn (21 &rvrI 1924 dy idn) jYqo dw golI kWf ho igAw[ jYqo jw rhy is`K j`Qy „qy ivlsn jwnstn ny &Oj ƒ golI clwaux dw hukm dy id`qw[ golI nwl drjnW is`K mwry gey qy do sO qoN vD z^mI ho gey[ ienHW ivc mrd, AOrqW qy b`cy vI Swiml sn[ AµgryzI &Oj ny 27 hzwr kwrqUs clwey qy jy kr golI iv`cy Ps jwx kwrn mSIn gµn nw rukdI qW pqw nhIN ikµnIAW hor mOqW ho jwxIAW sn[ golI clxI bµd hox mgroN pulIs Aqy &Oj ny jQy dy mYˆbrW Aqy Awm lokW, jo jQy ƒ vyK rhy sn, ‟qy vI lwTIcwrj kIqw Aqy jdoN qk swrw jQw burI qrHW z^mI jW byhoS nw ho igAw, pulIs fWgW vrHwauNdI rhI[ golI clx dI hr pwsy qoN zbrdsq inMdw hoeI[ dunIAW Br dy A^bwrW ny ies sbµDI KbrW CwpIAW[ AwgUAW ny ivlsn jwnstn ƒ “jnrl fwier dw vwirs” AwiKAw[
Aµgryz srkwr ieh smJdI sI ik ieµ\ is`KW dw kqlyAwm kr ky auh dihSq PYlw skygI pr aus nUµ ieh nhIN sI pqw ik 13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn jilHAW vwlw bwZ Aqy 20 PrvrI 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivKy hoeIAW mOqW Aqy gurU dw bwZ ivc vihSI ku`t-mwr dy bwvjUd is`K jdojihd qoN ip`Cy nhIN hty sn, qW hux vI ik`Qy rukxy sn[ pr, jwnstn dy Aµdr dw vihSI dirMdw iek vwr Pyr dihSq &Ylwaux dI koiSS krnw cwhuµdw sI[ AwpxI swrI qvwrI^ ivc is`K kOm ny kdy Aijhw cYlµj brdwSq nhIN kIqw sI qy hux vI Aijhw hI hoieAw[ pihly jQy ‟qy golI c`lx, drjnW ShIdIAW Aqy byihswb is`KW dy z^mI hox dy bwvjUd is`KW ivc joS v`Ddw igAw[ SRomxI kmytI ny dUjw jQw Byjx dw AYlwn kr id`qw[gWDI qy lwlw lwjpq rwey ny ies jQy ƒ rokx dI bVI koiSS kIqI pr SRomxI kmytI ny jQw „„hr hwl ivc‟‟ Byjx dw AYlwn kIqw[
ies mgroN gWDI dI bhuq mu^wl&q hoeI[iek A^bwr ny ‘mhwqmw gWDI pwgl ho igAw’ isrlyK hyT iek AYfItorIAl vI iliKAw[aus A^bwr dI ilKq dI qsvIr is`K qvwrI^ ikqwb ivc CpI hoeI hY[
ies j`Qy ny 14 mwrc ƒ jYqo ivc dwKl hoxw sI[ auDr 14 mwrc ƒ svyry hI pµifq mdn mohn mwlvIAw keI hor kONsl dy mYbrW qy nyqwvW smyq jYqo pu`j cu`ky sn Aqy AYfminstrytr jQy ƒ AwzwdI nwl gurduAwry jwx Aqy 101 AKµf-pwT krn dyx dI KulH dyx vwsqy zor pw rhy sn[ pr auh jQy dy v`D qoN v`D iek h&qw au~Qy Tihrx Aqy iek jW do vwrW ivc swry pwT iek`Ty kr lYx leI kihµdw sI[ mwlvIAw vI jQy ƒ rsqy ivc Aw imilAw pr jQw keI pwbµdI mµnx ƒ iqAwr nhIN sI[ ieh iPr AYfminstrytr pws gey pr koeI gl inpt nw skI[ ^Yr, ies vwr golI nhIN c`lI Aqy jQy dI igR&qwrI dw hukm id`qw igAw[ jQy ny Awpxy Awp ƒ igR&qwrI vwsqy pyS kr id`qw[ aunHW ƒ iklHy Aµdr bxy iek vlgx Aµdr bµd kIqw igAw qy mgroN „nwBw bIV‟ jylH ivc Byj id`qw igAw[
guru goibMd isMG: iek Bu`lV dyS Bgq
gWDI ny 9 ApRYl 1925 dy ‘XMg ieMfIAw ivc iek lyK ilK ky gurU goibMd isMG swihb nUM ihMdU Drm dw r`iKAk pr iek Bu`lV dyS Bgq ikhw (pr gWDI ny mhwrwxw pRqwp, iSvwjI mrh`tw qy rwxI JWsI nUM Bu`lV nhIN ikhw)[ ies „qy jd mMgl isMG AYm.pI. ny aunHW nUM ies bwry spStIkrn vwsqy ikhw qW aunHW ny ZlqI nhIN mMnI qy AwpxI g`l ‘qy itky rhy, sgoN aunHW ny SRI ikRSn jI bwry nvIN it`pxI dy id`qI ik auh ‘ieiqhwsk ienswn nhIN sI’ qy jy ieh swibq ho jwvy ik mhWBwrq ‘ieiqhws’ sI qW mYN ikRSn nUM r`b dw Avqwr mMnx qoN sw& ienkwr kr dyvWgw[‘ auN\ gWDI ny mMinAw ik aus ny is`K AwgUAW nwl vwAdw kIqw sI ik mYN aunHW nUM ihMdU Drm dw AMg nhIN khWgw[
gWDI qy fw. AMbydkr dy is`K bxn dI g`l
1936 ivc jd AMbydkr is`K bxn l`gw sI qW gWDI ny ies dI zbrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI sI[ies sbMD ivc iksy ikqwb ivc koeI sbUq pyS nhIN kIqw igAw[ isr& iek ikqwb ies dw byS-kImqI vrkw pyS krdI hY[ ikqwb „gryt sol: mhwqmw gWDI AYNf ihz strgl ivd ieMfIAw‟* (puilqzr AYvwrf iv`nr, jos& lyilvf) ivc izkr izkr hY ik pihLI dsMbr 1936 dy idn fw. AMbydkr dI gWDI dy Gr ies nukqy „qy g`lbwq hoeI qW gWDI ny aus nUM ies qoN roikAw sI[ mgroN gWDI dy sB qoMN vD v&wdwr syT jmnw dws ny fw.AMbydkr nUM is`K Drm ivc Swiml hox qoN rokx vwsqy bhuq rol Aw kIqw sI[
cyqy rhy ik ikqwb „gryt sol: mhwqmw gWDI AYNf ihz strgl ivd ieMfIAw‟ nUM mwrc 2011 ivc gujrwq srkwr ny ies ikqwb nUM bYn kr id`qw sI ikauNik ies ikqwb ivc gWDI nUM nslvwdI drsiweAw igAw hY Aqy gWDI dy smilMgI hox dI q&sIl ibAwn kIqI hoeI sI[ ies ivc, gWDI v`loN kwlnbYS nUM ilKy iek ^q ivc ilKy iek i&kry “qUM myry ijsm „qy ikMnw kmwl dw kbzw kr ilAw hY” nUM bhuq auBwirAw hoieAw sI[ ieh vI kmwl dI g`l hY ik mrn qk gWDI dy ibsqry dy swhmxy isr& ie`ko iek qsvIr kwlnbYS dI hI l`gI hoeI sI[
gWDI qy ikrpwn
1939 ivc dUjI v`fI jMg SurU ho cukI sI[ ies smyN srkwr ny &Oj ivc bhuq swry BwrIAW nUM BrqI krnw SurU kIqw hoieAw sI[ muslmwn hzwrW dI igxqI ivc Swiml ho rhy sn[ gWDI ny isvl nw &urmwnI SurU kIqI hoeI sI; ies kr ky ihMdU qy is`K BrqI nhIN ho rhy sn[ ies dw mqlb sw& sI ik &Oj ivc muslmwnW dI igxqI 60 qoN 70% ho jwxI sI[ [Agsq 1940 ivc mwstr qwrw isµG ny kWgrs pRDwn AbU klm mOlwnw Awzwd ƒ ilKy iek ^q ivc &Oj ivc is`KW dI BrqI nw rokx dI g`l AwKI sI[ mwstr qwrw isµG ny ies dI iek kwpI gWDI ƒ vI Byj idqI sI[ gWDI ny mwstr qwrw isµG dI ic`TI dw Bwv nw smmiJAw Aqy is`KW dI &Oj ivc BrqI dw ivroD kIqw[ aunHW ny mwstr qwrw isMG nUM ies sbMDI iek ic`TI ilKI qy A^Ir ivc ieh vI ilK id`qw:
“You have nothing in common with Congress — you believe in the rule of sword, the Congress does not…” („quhwfy Aqy kWgrs ivc kuJ vI sWJw nhIN[ qusIN ikrpwn ivc XkIn rKdy ho qy kWgrs nhIN)[ hwlW ik mwstr qwrw isMG dI ic`TI ivc ikrpwn bwry koeI g`l Ais`Dy qOr ‟qy vI nhIN ilKI hoeI sI[
ies ic`TI mgroN mwstr qwrw isµG ny gWDI nwl hoeI ^qo-^qwbq pRYs ƒ irlIz krn dy nwl hI 12 sqµbr 1940 ƒ kOmI qy sUbweI kWgrs qoN AsqI&y dy id`qy[
gWDI Aqy is`K lIfriSp
not: gWDI Aqy is`K lIfrW ivc iqMn qrHW dw irSqw sI[ iek DVw gWDI dw qkrIbn hmySw hI v&wdwr irhw sI[ ies ivc srdUl isMG kvISr, Amr isMG Syry pMjwb, Amr isMG Jbwl vZYrw sn[ mgroN ies ivc gurmuK isMG muswi&r, drSn isMG PyrUmwn, aUDm isMG nwgoky vI Aw rly sn[ dUjw DVw gWDI dy mu^wl&W dw sI ijs ivc suMdr isMG mjITw, krqwr isMG J`br, bwbw KVk isMG, s.b. mihqwb isMG, igAwnI Syr isMG vZYrw sn[ qIjw DVw gWDI nwl SrqW nwl imlvrqx dy h`k ivc sI; ies ivc mwstr qwrw isMG qy aus dy swQI, mMgl isMG ig`l Aqy Kwlsw nYSnilst pwrtI dy vrkr sn[ 1942 qoN bwAd gWDI dy v&wdwrW ivc pRqwp isMG kYro, guridAwl isMG iFloN qy bwvw bic`qr isMG vI swiml ho gey sn[
mYN izkr krnw cwhvWgw ik 1928 ivc jd gWDI ny AMgryzW v`loN Bwrq vwsqy fomInIAn styts dI pySkS mnzur kr leI qy suBwS cµdr bos ny ies dI mu^wl&q kr ky „„svrwj‟‟ dw nwArw lwieAw Aqy kWgrs dw iek v`fw ih`sw Awpxy nwl rlw ilAw qW pµjwb ivc bwbw KVk isµG ny SryAwm qy mwstr qwrw isµG AµdroN-AµdrIN suBwS cµdr bos dw swQ id`qw sI[ iPr 26 nvMbr 1938 dI rwvlipMfI ivc hoeI Awl ieMfIAw AkwlI kwn&rMs ivc suBwS cMdr bos nUM „cI& gYst‟ vjoN s`idAw igAw sI[
1939 dy vrHy ivc pµjwb dI isAwsq ivc Aihm qbdIlIAW AweIAW[ 30 jnvrI ƒ AkwlI ihmieq vwly fwktr sY&-au~d-dIn ikclU pµjwb kWgrs dy pRDwn cuxy gey[ Awl ieµfIAw kWgrs dI cox ivc 31 jnvrI 1939 dy idn suBwS cµdr bos, gWDI dI ihmwieq vwly aumIdvwr p`twBI sIqw rm`ieAw dy 1286 votW dIAW mukwbly 1495 votW lY ky 209 votW dy &rk nwl pRDwn cuxy gey (AkwlI pqRkw, 2 &rvrI 1939)[ AkwlI dl ny suBwS cMdr bos dI ihmwieq kiqI sI[ suBwS bos dy cuxy jwx ‟qy nrm dl dy v`lB BweI ptyl, AcwrIAw ikRplwnI, fwktr rwijµdr pRswd, BUlw BweI dysweI, syT jmnw dws, mOlwnw Azwd Aqy hwry aumIdvwr ny AsqI&y dy id`qy[ ies mOky „qy srdUl isMG kvISr DVy ny suBwS bos dw pUrw swQ id`qw sI[ iesy kr ky jd suBwS cMdr bos ny kvISr nUM &wrvrf blwk dw pMwjb dw cyArmYn bxwieAw sI[
gWDI Aqy bwvw bicqr isMG
gWDI Aqy bwvw bicqr isMG ivc bhuq nyVqw sI[ auh jnvrI 1948 qk gWDI dy nwl irhw sI[ ies nyVqw kr ky hI aunHW ny bwvw bicqr isMG nUM id`lI dw pihlw myAr bxvwieAw sI[ 30 jnvrI 1948 dy idn gWDI ies &wnI dunIAW qoN ivdw ho igAw vrnw pqw nhIN bwvw bicqr isMG dI Bwrq dI isAwsq ivc kI QW huMdI ?
vDyry q&sIl vwsqy pVHo:
Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh Sikh History in Ten Volumes.
Levlyveld, Joseph The Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle With India
Malhotra, S.L. Gandhi and Punjab
Singh, G.B. & Tim Watson Gandhi: Under Cross Examination
Singh, Gurmit Gandhi and Sikhs
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)