drbwr swihb dI mOjUdw mirAwdw dw s`co-s`c
kuJ lok drbwr swihb dI mOjUdw mirAwdw nUM Asl mirAwdw kihx dI izd krdy hn[ drAsl mOjUdw AKOqI mirAwdw inrmilAW, audwsIAW Aqy bwnwrs dy (T`g) bRwhmxW dI mnmiq dw imlgoBw hY[
drbwr swihb dI nINh gurU Arjn swihb ny 3 jnvrI 1588 dy idn r`KI sI (iPr 1762 ivc du`rwnI v`loN Fwhy jwx mgroN, mOjUdw iemwrq dI nINh s. j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny AprYl 1765 ivc r`KI sI)[ pihlW 1564 ivc gurU rwm dws jI ny ies ngr „gurU dw c`k‟ dw mu`F bMinHAw sI qy aunHW ny isr& AMimRqsr srovr hI bxieAw sI[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb 1634 qk ies ngr ivc rhy sn qy ies mgroN 1696 qk ies „qy ipRQI cMd mIxy dI AOlwd dw kbzw irhw sI[ 1698 ivc BweI mnI isMG ny ies dI syvw sMBwlI[ ies mgroN 1716 qoN 1722 Aqy iPr 1734 qoN lY ky 1765 qk ies ngr vwsqy is`KW Aqy muZlW- A&ZwnW ivckwr jMg cldI rhI[ 1765 qoN ies „qy is`KW dw p`kw kbzw ho igAw[ drbwr swihb mOjUdw iemwrq audoN hI bxnI SurU hoeI sI[ ies mgroN ies ngr „qy BMgI imsl dw kbzw irhw Aqy drbwr swihb dI syvw sMBwl imsl ShIdW kol rhI[ 1804 ivc rxjIq isMG ny kbzw kr ilAw; pr, drbwr swihb dI syvw sMBwl imsl ShIdW kol hI rhI[ ies vyly ies imsl dy muKI AkwlI PUlw isMG sn[
rxjIq isMG ny AMimRqsr Sihr „qy kbzw krn mgroN Sihr dw iejwrydwr (tYks vsUlx vwlw) iek bRwhmx rulIAw rwm imsr ƒ bxw id`qw[ ies rulIAw rwm imsr dI hvylI gurduAwrw twhlI swihb AMimRqsr dy swhmxy sI[ (aus iemwrq ivc 1947 qoN mgroN vI aus dy vwirs rihMdy rhy sn[ vyKo: Amr isMG, ilKq zPrnwmw rxjIq isMG)[
iesy lyKk muqwibk pMfq gMgw rwm dIvwn ƒ vI sB qoN au~cy AhuidAW iv`coN iek Ahudw idqw igAw sI (iesy gMgw rwm dIAW is`K-ivroDI kwrvweIAW kwrn 1814 ivc AkwlI &Ulw isMG AMimRqsr C`f ky AnMdpur clw igAw sI)[
ienHW bRwhmx slwhkwrW ny rxjIq isMG qoN aus dy rwj dy JMfy dw rMg vI nIly qoN s&Yd qy iPr Bgvw/kysrI/pIlw krvw ilAw sI[
bRwhmx imsr bsqI rwm rxjIq dw ^zwncI sI[ 1808 ivc aus dy mrn mgroN aus dw pu`qr bylI rwm ^zwncI bixAw (mgroN bylI rwm dw Brw imsr rUp lwl jlMDr dw hwkm bixAw qy imsr suK rwj &Oj dw jrnYl)[ rxjIq isMG dw Drm-ArQ vzIr (dwn dyx dy &Ysly krn vwlw) iek bRwhmx hox kr ky aus dy ^zwny dw bhuq v`fw ih`sw ihMdU mMdrW ƒ jWdw irhw[ ieh vzIr jwx buJ ky, idKwvy vjoN kuJ rkm drbwr swihb ƒ Byt krvw dyNdw sI, pr aus qoN keI guxw vDyry mMdrW ƒ idvw dyNdw sI[ rxjIq isMG dy kroVW rupY Qwnysr (kurUkSyqr), hrduAwr qy bnwrs (kwSI) dy bRwhmxW ƒ imly jW kWgVw, jvwlwmuKI, jMmU, bnwrs dy mMdrW ‟qy sonw cVwaux vwsqy idqy gey[ it`lw gorK nwQ, iDAwnpur, pMforI qy Dmqwl dy jogIAW dy fyry, drjnW iSvwly qy mMdr vI rxjIq isMG qoN v`fIAW rkmW hwisl krdy rhy[ audwsIAW qy inrmilAW dy fyry vI coKI rkm vsUl krdy rhy[
bRwhmx vzIr (qy fogry vI) AkwlI PUlw isMG nUM Awpxy rwh dw iek v`fw roVw smJdy sn[ auh drbwr swihb „qy p`kw kbzw krnw cwhuMdy sn[ ies kr ky aunHW ny iek nvW pYNqVw ApxwieAw[ aunHW ny rxjIq isMG kol AkwlI PUlw isMG dI bhwdrI Aqy dlyrI dIAW is&qW bMnHxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW Aqy ies mgroN aus rwhIN AkwlI PUlw isMG nUM aunHW jMgW ivc Byjxw SurU kr id`qw ijhVIAW bhuq ^qrnwk huMdIAW sn[ pr, bRwhmxW dI bdiksmqI ik AkwlI PUlw isMG hr jMg ij`qdw irhw qy ijaUNdw vwips Aw jWdw irhw[ A^Ir fogirAW ny AkwlI PUlw isMG nUM Awpxy jwsUsW rwhIN 18 mwrc 1823 dy idn nOSihrw ivc mrvw ky aus dI mOq nUM A&Zwn ZwzIAW dy nW lw id`qw[ hux bRwhmxW dw roVw dUr ho cukw sI Aqy hux drbwr swihb pUrI qrHW aunHW dI pkV ivc sI[
audwsI swDUAW dw is`KI ivc dw^lw (GuspYT)
rxjIq isMG dy ienHW bRwhmx vzIrW ny sB qoN pihlW drbwr swihb dy duAwly bhuq swrI zmIn audwsIAW nUM idvwauxI SurU kr id`qI (ij`Qy aunHW ny AKwVy qy fyry bxw ley ij`Qy is`K &ls&y dy ault prcwr kIqw jWdw sI[ mgroN ienHW fyirAW ivc is`K qvwrI^, i&lws&I qy gurbwxI nUM ivgwVn vwlIAW keI ikqwbW vI ilKIAW qy prcwrIAW geIAW[ hwlW ik gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dI ieh swrI zmIn drbwr swihb dI sI ijs nUM 1564 ivc gurU rwm dws swihb ny quMg ipMf dy lokW qoN pUrw mu`l qwr ky ^rIidAw sI qy ies nUM A`gy vyicAw jW dwn nhIN sI id`qw jw skdw[
auN\ qW imslW dy vyly qoN hI drbwr swihb dy Awly duAwly audwsIAW ny iek-do buMgy kwiem kr ley hoey sn[ Akwl q^q swihb Aqy drbwr swihb dy ivckwr (ij`Qy Aj klH pujwrIAW ny Akwl q^q dw sk`qryq bxwieAw hoieAw hY) audwsI pRIqm dws dw bMugw sI jo aus ny 1775 ivc bxwieAw sI Aqy ies dy bwhr Awpxw (audwsIAW dw) Bgvw JMfw lwieAw sI (ies JMfy kr ky ies buMgy nUM „JMfw buMgw‟ ikhw jwx lg ipAw sI[ ieh audwsI JMfw 1841 ivc J`KV nwl if`g ipAw[ mgroN 1843 ivc mhwrwj Syr isMG ny ies dI jgh iek nvW JMfw bxw id`qw[ ies dy nwl hI dysw isMG mjIiTAw ny iek hor JMfw bxvw id`qw (BweI kwnH isMG nwBw „mhwn koS)[
ienHW dohW JMifAW nUM mgroN pujwrIAW ny mIrI pIrI dy JMfy kihxw SurU kr id`qw[ bysmJ is`KW ny audwsIAW dy JMifAW nUM cupcwp mIrI-pIrI dy JMfy mMn ilAw[ hwlW ik Asl JMfw, jo ik nIlw sI, imsl inSwnvwlIAW (jo inSwn swihb lY ky &Oj dI AgvweI kirAw krdy sn Aqy inhMg isMGW) kol irhw sI[
inrmilAW dw drbwr swihb „qy kbzw
qkrIbn pRIqm dws dy smyN hI, 1780 qy 90 dy ivckwr, sUrq isMG inrmlw ny vI AMimRqsr ivc fyry lw ley sn[ aus ny vI Awpxw buMgw kwiem kr ilAw ijs nUM mgroN igAwnIAW dw buMgw ikhw jwx lg ipAw sI[ auh bnwrs dy bRwhmxW qoN pVH ky AwieAw sI[ BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwx vwlI rcnw „Bgq rqnwvlI‟, ijs nUM „is`KW dI Bgqmwlw‟ vI kihMdy hn (qy „pRym rqnwvlI‟ vI), Aqy BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwn vwlI „jnmswKI‟ vI iesy dI ilKI hoeI hY[ ienHW ilKqW ivc cMgw-coKw bRwhmxI prcwr hY[ bs ies qoN hI is`KW ivc audwsI-inrmlw rlwvt dI zordwr SurUAwq ho geI sI[ ieh surq isMG 1803 ivc mr igAw sI[
AkwlI PUlw isMG dy huMidAW ieh inrmly Awpxy buMgy ivc rihMdy rhy Aqy kuJ rwijAW qoN ^Yrwq qy Bytw vsUl krdy rhy ijs nwl aunHW dw rotI-tu`kr cldw irhw[ pr ienHW inrmilAW dw drbwr swihb ivc koeI d^l nhIN sI; ies kr ky ieh drbwr swihb dI mirAwdw ivc koeI Asr nw pw sky[ pr AkwlI PUlw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN inrmly sUrq isMG dw pu`qr sMq isMG drbwr swihb dw muK gRMQI bixAw[ bRwhmx vzIrW kwrn hOlI-hOlI auh rxjIq isMG dy bhuq nyVy ho igAw[ aus ny ^ud vI rxjIq isMG dI ^Ub cwplUsI kIqI Aqy bRwhmx imsr rulIAw rwm qy imsr bylI rwm vI rxjIq isMG kol aus dIAW is&qW krdy rihMdy sn[ bRwhmxW ny rxjIq isMG „qy Asr pw ky aus qoN drbwr swihb „qy sonw cVHwaux vwsqy sMq isMG nUM pYsy idvw id`qy[ sMq isMG ny vI cwplusI dI h`d krdy hoey rxjIq isMG nUM gurU goibMd isMG swihb vwlw drjw dyxw SurU kr id`qw qy „isMG swihb‟ kihxw SurU kr id`qw (isMG swihb isr& gurU goibMd isMG jI vwsqy vriqAw jwdw sI: vyKo „mhwn koS‟)[ mgroN iehI i^qwb aus ny drbwr swihb dy m`Qy „qy ilKvw vI id`qw[
hux ikauNik sMq isMG drbwr swihb dw srvo-srvw sI ies kr ky aus ny ie`Qy swrI bwnwrsI-bRwhmxI mirAwdw SurU kr leI[ Aj drbwr swihb ivc jo-jo gurmiq dy ault hY auh sB sMq isMG qy aus dw swQIAW qy vwirsW dI dyx hY[
sMq isMG 1832 ivc mr igAw[ aus mgroN aus dw cylw drbwrw isMG (jo audoN drbwr swihb dw gRMQI sI) muK gRMQI bx igAw Aqy dyvw isMG qy joD isMG gRMQI bxy[ sMq isMG dw pu`qr gurmuK isMG Akwl q^q dw srbrwh bx igAw[ lwhOr drbwr ivc burCwgrdI dorwn aus ny sMDwvwlIAW dw swQ id`qw ijs kr ky hIrw isMh fogry ny aus nUM 1843 ivc mrvw id`qw[ aus mgroN pRdumx isMG Akwl q^q dw srbrwh bixAw qy 20 nvMbr 1877 dy idn mOq qk aus dw rsmI kMtrol irhw[ „guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN‟ (ijs nUM sohn kvI dI ilKq kih ky prcwirAw jWdw hY) auh ies gurmuK isMG (srbrwh Akwl q^q) Aqy aus dy swQI drbwrw isMG (jo drbwr swihb dw pujwrI sI) ny 1830 Aqy 1840 dy ivckwr iliKAw sI[
drbwr swihb dw AKOqI dsqUr-ie-Aml
ies dOrwn 1859 ivc AMgryzW ny bRwhmx rwjw qyjw isMG (rxjIq isMG dI &Oj dw swbkw kmWfr-ien-cI&, imsr qyj rwm aur& rwjw qyjw isMG) dI AgvweI hyT iek idKwvy dI kmytI bxw ky „dsqUr-ie-Aml‟ iqAwr krvw ky drbwr swihb dw kMtrol pujwrIAW rwhIN Awpxy kbzy ivc kr ilAw sI[ ies „dsqUr-ie-Aml‟ ivc gurmiq mirAwdw bwry kuJ vI nhIN sI blik muK qOr „qy drbwr swihb ivc Awaux vwly cVHwvy, dwn qy jwiedwd dI Awmdn nUM pujwrIAW, gRMQIAW, DUpIAW, rwgIAW, nMbrdwrW qy hor mulwzmW ivc vMfx dw isstm sI[
1881 ivc AMimRqsr dy fI. sI. kUpr ny ieh idKwvy dI rsmI kmytI vI ^qm kr id`qI Aqy drbwr swihb dw pUrw kMtrol srbrwh rwhIN Awpxy h`Q ivc lY ilAw[ ies vyly vI swry pujwrI qy mhMq audwsI qy inrmly hI sn[ A^Ir 12 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn drbwr swihb dw kMtrol is`KW nUM iml igAw qy 15 nvMbr 1920 dy idn SRomxI kmytI bx geI[ pr, SRomxI kmytI ny, moricAW Aqt AwzwdI dI lVweI v`l vDyry uDAwn hox kr ky, mhMqW v`loN SurU kIqIAW bhuqIAW mnmqW qy bRwhmxI kwrvweIAW nUM htwaux v`l koeI iDAwn nw id`qw[
1920 qoN 1962 qk drbwr swihb pMQk syvwdwrW kol irhw pr iPr Pqih isMG dy kbzy mgroN ies dy ieMqzwm ivc inGwr Awauxw SurU ho igAw[ 1972 ivc Pqih isMG dI moq mgroN jnvrI 1973 qoN gurcrn isMG tOhVw dw kbzw ho igAw[ ies smyN dOrwn kuJ kimaUinst ies ieMqzwm ivc Swiml ho gey[ies dOrwn BwvyN mulwzm qW nwAihl Aqy GtIAw Awauxy SurU ho cuky sn pr gMQIAW ivcoN Ajy vI bhuqy shI sn[
burCwgrdI dy dOr (1986-1992) ivc ies „qy cOk mihqw fyry dw kbzw hoxw SurU ho igAw[ pr 1999 ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI „qy prkwS isMG bwdl dy kMtrol mgroN drbwr swihb ivc pUrn isMG, joigMdr isMG vydWqI qy gurbcn isMG dy qwkq ivc Awaux mgroN ies „qy cOk mihqw fyry dw p`kw kbzw ho igAw[ hux, 2012 ivc, ies dI bhuqI mirAwdw audwsI-inrmlw mirAwdw hI hY[ ies dw bhuqw ih`sw gurU gRMQ swihb dI isiKAw dy ault hY[ ieh gurmiq mirAwdw nhIN blik inrmlw-audwsI-bRwhmxI mirAwdw hY[
drbwr swihb ivc kIqIAW jw rhIAW bRwhmxI qy mnmiq dIAW sYNkVy kwrvweIAW ivcoN hyTW mYN isr& do iqMn nukiqAW dw izkr krnw cwhvWgw[
drbwr swihb ivc ihMdU mUrqIAW kwiem krnw
jd 1859 qoN mgroN drbwr swihb ivc bRwmx qyjw isMh dI pRDwngI hyT mhMqW dw kbzw p`kw ho igAw qW aunHW ny Awpxy ihMdU swQIAW rwhIN drbwr swihb ivc kwlpink ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW qy bu`q vI ilAwauxy SurU kr id`qy[ pMjwb dy bhuqy lok qW AnpVH sn hI qy nwly cwlwk bRwhmx pujwrI aunHW nUM khwxIAW qy krwmwqW dIAW g`pW suxw ky Puslw ky ienHW mUrqIAW dI pUjw krvw lYNdy sn[ ieh bRwhmx pujwrIAW nUM ih`sw vI dyNdy sn[ ieM\ aunHW dw kwrobwr cMgw cldw irhw[ ies hrkq nUM hor qwkq ies kr ky vI imlI ik AMimRqsr isMG sBw dw muK AwgU Kym isMG bydI ^ud ienHW bu`qW dI pUjw krdw huMdw sI[ BwvyN isMG sBw lihr SurU ho cukI sI pr AMimRqsr ivc ies bRwhmxI toly dw hI kbzw sI[ jd Kym isMG toly ny pujwrIAW koloN pRo: gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& AKOqI hukmnwmw jwrI krvwieAw qW ies dy h`k ivc ies AMimRqsrI DVy ny iek mIitMg bulweI ijs ivc rwvlipMfI, AMimRqsr, &rIdkot Aqy pihlW dsq^q kr cukIAW isMG sBwvW dy numwieMdy Swiml hoey[ ies mOky ‟qy iek is`K ny 40 nukiqAW vwlw, iek A`T s&y dw, KulHw ^q vMifAw[ ies ivc AMimRqsrI DVy ‟qy is`KI dy ault clx dy doS lwey hoey sn[ aus ƒ ies mIitMg iv`coN k`ut-mwr ky k`F id`qw igAw[ aus is`K dy lwey ielzwmW ivcoN iek ieh vI sI ik ieh DVw ihdU mUrqIAW dI pUjw krdw/krwauNdw hY; muK ielzwm ieh sn:
- gurU dI hzUrI ivc gdyly lw ky bYTxw 2. ds pwiqSwhIAW qy gurU gRMQ swihb qoN ibnW ^ud nUM bwrHvIN, qyrHvIN qy cOdHvIN pwiqSwhI AKvwauxw 3. jnyaU pwauxw 4. dwVHI ƒ vsmw lw ky kwlw krnw 5. ihMdU mUrqIAW dI pUjw krnw vgYrw[
ieh g`l vI kwbly-izkr hY ik drbwr swihb ivc Kym isMG bydI toly dy pujwrIAW dw kbzw hox kwrn pujwrIAW dI Sih nwl prkrmw ivc ihMdU kwlpink dyvI dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW qy bu`q 1905 qk AwauNdy rhy (hwlW ik 1902 ivc cI& Kwlsw dIvwn bx cukw sI)[ 1905 ivc ArUV isMG (1865-1926) drbwr swihb dw srbrwh bx igAw[ auh hrnwm isMG Syrig`l fI.AYs.pI. dw pu`qr sI jo gurmiq dy inAwrwpx dw p`kw ihmwieqI sI[ ArUV isMG ny drbwr swihb dw cwrj lYx mgroN bRwhmxW nUM bulw ky smJwieAw ik drbwr swihb ivc is`KI dy ault hrkqW krnIAW bMd kr dyx; pr jd vwr-vwr kihx dy bwvjUd auh nw hty qW ArUV isMG ny 2 meI 1905 dy idn drbwr swihb ivc iek noits lw id`qw ik koeI S^s drbwr swihb ivc is`K Drm qoN ault jW iksy hor Drm dI pUjw nhIN kr skdw qy Aijhw krn vwlw szw dw h`kdwr hovygw[ ies mgron bRwhmx mUrqIAW ilAwauxoN ht gey[ pr cwr idn mgroN 6 meI nUM auh Pyt mUrqIAW lY Awey[ ies „qy ArUV isMG ny AMimRqsr dy fI.sI. nUM ^q ilK ky ienHW bRwhmxW nUM igR&qwr krn vwsy puls Byjx vwsqy ikhw (srkwrI irkwrf: hom pulItIkl 1905, &weIl nMbr 668/12)[
jd bRwhmxW nUM ies ^q dw pqw l`gw qW auh drbwr swihb qoN B`j inkly; keI qW AwpxIAW mUrqIAW qy buq vI auQy Cf ky B`j gey[ ArUV isMG ny Awp Aw ky Tufy mwr-mwr ky ieh mUrqIAW qoVIAW qy ienHW dw mlbw bwhr sutvwieAw[
ptnw ivc inrmilAW dy iek hor toly dw rol
TIk sUrq isMG dy AMimRqsr Awaux dy smyN ivc hI, qkrIbn 1770-75 dOrwn ptnw ivc vI inrmilAw dw iek hor tolw vI srgrm ho cukw sI[ auQy inrmilAW nvl isMG, dXwl isMG qy suKw isMG gRMQI dI kmwn hyT pujwrIAW ny ikqwbW dI rcnw SurU kIqI hoeI sI[ ienHW inrmilAW ny bicqr nwtk (hux dw nW dsm gRMQ) ikqwb dI rcnw kIqI[
(BweI kwnH isMG nwBw dI su`Kw isMG bwry AYNtrI: ptxy swihb dy hirmMdr dw gRMQI ijs ny suKmnw C`ky Awid bwxI rlw ky dsmgRMQ nwmI iek bIV bxweI[ BweI kwnH isMG ieh vI ilKdy hn ik srb loh gMRQ vI iesy su`Kw isMG dI rcnw hY)[
AKoqI dsm gRMQ 1775-83 ivc iqAwr hoieAw sI; cwrls ivlkn (1781) muqwibk ies dI pihlI il`pI nwgrI (ihMdvI qy sMsikRq) sI[ pMjwb ivc ieh keI dhwikAW mgroN AwieAw sI[ ies nUM iek ikqwb dy rUp ivc 1797 ivc iqAwr kIqw igAw sI[ ieh swrI inrmilAW Aqy AMgryzW dI swizS sI[ sB qoN pihlw 1810 ivc mwlkm ny ies dw pRcwr krnw SurU kIqw[ aus ny ies dw ADwr kolbruk dy somy nUM bxwieAw ijs nUM inrmlw Awqmw rwm ny ptnw ivc ieho ijhI iek ilKq id`qI sI[
dsmgRMQ nUM BweI mnI isMG nwl joVn dI nwkwm kooiSS vI kIqI geI hY ijs dw ADwr aus dw iek nklI ^q bxwieAw igAw hY (ies ^q ivc hor qvwrI^ q`Q vI Zlq hn)[ iPr ies dIAW nklW vI iqAwr kIqIAW geIAW ijnHW ayuqy JUTIAW qwrI^W vI drj kr id`qIAW geIAW qW jo auhNW dy „pRwcIn‟ hox dw BulyKw pwieAw jw sky[
ies mgroN iek soDk kmytI (1897-1902) v`loN ies nUM mnzUrI dyx dw bhwnw vI GiVAw igAw[ drAsl ieh kmytI vI AMgryzW Aqy Kym isMG bydI (mOq 1905) dI swizS dw nqIjw sI[ Kym isMG bydI auhI S^s sI ijs ny ienHW pujwrIAW qoN hI isMG sBw lihr dy iek muKI AwgU pRo gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& AKOqI hukmnwmw vI jwrI krvwieAw sI[ Kym isMG bydI srkwr dw ^ws eyjMt sI; aus nUM 28272 eykV dI jwgIr imlI hoeI sI qy 1893 ivc srkr ny aus nUM pMjwb kONsl dw mYNbr vI nwmzd kIqw sI qy bhuq swry hor Ahudy qy i^qwb vI id`qy sn[
bIbIAW nUM syvw, kIrqn qy hor kwrvweIAW qoN rokxw
2003 ivc drbwr swihb ivc bIbIAW nUM syvw, kIrqn qy hor kwrvweIAW krn qoN rokx dw mu`dwA bhuq crcw ivc AwieAw sI[ aus smyN qoN audwsI-inrmlw fyirAW dy pujwrIAW ny AKOqI mirAwdw dy nW „qy bIbIAW nwl ivqkrw krn vwsqy dlIl vjoN pyS rn dI koiSS kIqI sI[ aunHW ny AKOqI „dsqUr-ie-Aml‟ dw vI rOlw pwieAw sI[ drAsl ies „dsqUr-ie-Aml‟ ivc gurmiq mirAwdw bwry kuJ vI nhIN sI blik muK qOr „qy drbwr swihb ivc Awaux vwly cVHwvy, dwn qy jwiedwd dI Awmdn nUM vMfx dI plwinMg sI; pr ikauN ik iksy kol aus dI koeI kwpI nhIN sI ies kr ky koeI ies bwry bihs nw kr sikAw[ hwlW ik hkIkq hY ik bIbIAW dy drbwr swihb ivc kIrqn kIqy hox dw sbUq vI mOjUd hY[ rqn isMG BMgU ilKdw hY ik j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dI mwqw drbwr swihb ivc kIrqn kirAw krdI sI:
huqI isMGn kI bytI soie [ ipqw pVHweI A`Cr qoie [
gurbwxI iqs kMT GnyrI [ huqI is`KxI duie pK kyrI [4[
poQI rwKq gwqRY pweI [ isK sMgq mYN phuMcY jwie [
bfI pRwq auT cONkI krY [ smYN sMJY BI sodr pVHY [5[
dohrw : Awp duqwry vih PVY bwl su dwsI pRym [
doaU vKq cONkI krY iXh Qo aus ko nym [6[
cOpeI : jih isK sMgq hovY joV [ jo s`dY iqs krY n moV [
rwq idns kr jwvY qWih [ kr cONkI ky Sbd suxwie [7[
hr myly jwvY gurdÍwr [ KuMJY nhIN vih gur kI kwr [
jhW Kwlso lwie dIvwn [ jwie krY Sbd cONkI gwn [8[
(rqn isMG BMgU, pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, swKI 91, s&w 94)
bIbIAW Aqy rMGryitAW „qy pbMdI iks ny lweI?:
drbwr swihb ivc bIbIAW „qy pwbMdIAW sB inrmilAW Aqy audwsIAW dy kwl ivc SurU hoeIAW sn[ auh AOrq nUM n&rq krdy sn[ auh bwnwrsI pMfqW qy T`gW qoN pVH ky Awey sn Aqy qlsI dws qy mnU dy cyly sn, nw ik gurU nwnk swihb dy – ijnHW ny AOrq nUM rwj-mwqw („ijqu jMmih rwjwn‟; gurU gRMQ swihb s&w 473) vrgw drjw id`qw hoieAw sI[ inrmilAW Aqy audwsIAW ny qW drbwr swihb ivc ACUqW dw dw^lw vI bMd kIqw hoieAw sI; auh dupihry 11 vjy qoN pihlW drbwr swihb ivc vV vI nhIN sn skdy[ auQy „rMGrytw gurU dw bytw‟ “eyk nUr qy sBu jgu aupijAw” (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1349) nhIN blik ACUq sI[ ieh swrw kuJ gurU dI isiKAw dy mUloN hI ault sI[ mOjUdw pujwrIAW ivcoN jo inrmly qy audwsIAW dy cyly hn auh AOrqW nUM syvw, kIrqn Aqy pMj ipAwirAW ivc Swiml hox qoN rokdy hn[ aunHW dw vs cly qW auh sIs Byt kOqk vwly idn KMfy dI pwhul dI pihlI rsm ivc mwqw jIqo dw pqwsy pwauxw vI JUT krwr dy dyx[ iek hor nIcqw vwlI g`l ieh hY ik ieh pujwrI iek pwsy qW AOrqW nUM sUqk vwlIAW qy nIc kih ky r`d krdy sn; pr dUjy pwsy AKOqI jqI-sqI hox dw idKwvw krn dy bwvjUd, bhuqy pujwrIAW ny vysvwvW qy Cu`tV AOrqW rKYlW bxw ky r`KIAW hoeIAW sn Aqy m`Qw tykx AweIAW bIbIAW nwl jbr-znwh vI kirAw krdy sn[ nwnkwxw, qrn qwrn, AMimRqsr qy hor bhuq swry gurduAwirAW dy pujwrIAW qy aunHW dy pu`qrW qy hor irSqydwrW qy swQIAW dIAW ies qrHW dIAW ikMnIAW hI hrkqW qvwrI^ dw ih`sw hn[
drbwr swihb nUM l`sI nwl Doxw
ies qoN ielwvw ieh vI pqw hoxw cwhIdw hY ik drbwr swihb nUM du`D jW l`sI nwl Doxw qW mUloN hI is`KI isDWqW dy ault hY qy ieh mnmq sdw vwsqy jwrI r`Kx vwsqy auh pyS-pyS (mUhry-mUhry) hn[ aunHW nUM ieh vI pqw hoxw cwhIdw hY ik ieh mnmq gurU swihb dy vyly kdy nhIN hoeI sI (gurU swihb vyly qW &rS hI im`tI dw sI qy aus nUM l`sI nwl Dox dw svwl hI nhIN sI)[
is`K imslW vyly vI ie`Qy sMgmrmr nhIN sI lgw hoieAw[ ieh ic`tw p`Qr qW kuJ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI hkUmq dy Aw^rI idnW ivc qy kuJ nOinhwl isMG dy rwj ivc l`gw sI; pUrI prkrmw AMgryz fI. sI. kUpr vyly sMgmrmr nwl mVHI geI sI[ so ieh g`l iblkul spSt hY ik ieh l`sI nwl (jW pwxI nwl) Dox dI kwrvweI qW isr& mhMqW/AMgryzW vyly SurU hoeI sI[ ieh mhMq hI sn ijnHW ny drbwr swihb qy hor gurduAwirAW ivc sYNkVy mnmqI kwrvweIAW SurU kIqIAW hoeIAW sn[ aunHW ivcoN hI ieh kwrvweI ieh vI hY[ ieh swrIAW g`lW is`K &ls&y dy ault hn, mnmiq hn, bRwhmxI kwrvweIAW hn[
ieh vI sB nUM pqw hY ik drbwr swihb nUM “l`isAwaux” (l`sI nwl Dox) jW “du`iDAwaux” (du`D nwl Dox) dI kwrvweI qW isr& ds pMdrW GrW dy lok hI krdy hn[ ienHW cMd iek GrW ny ies nUM AMfr vrlf vWg “mnwplI” bxwieAw hoieAw hY[ ieh g`l hor vI Srmnwk hY[ ieho ijhI hrkq is`K &ls&y dy mu`FoN hI ault hY qy pwp hY[
drbwr swihb ivc hor mnmqW
ieM\ hI 100 rupY lY ky isropw dyxw, gurU gRMQ swihb nUM keI-keI rumwilAW nwl Fkxw, drbwr swihb ivc B`tW dy svYXW nwl SurUAwq krnw, drbwr swihb ivc AKOqI joiq jgwauxw, drbwr swihb dy AMdr mlk BwgoAW Aqy nvyN bwdSwhW/cODrIAW dw snmwn krnw, byrIAW nUM m`Qw itkwauxw, hr QW gurU gRMQ swihb dy srUp r`K ky AKMf pwT krvwauxw, QW-QW „qy m`Qw tykxw, srovr ivcoN culI lYxw Aqy Gto-Gt 100 AijhIAW mirAwdw hn jo mhMqW dIAW SurU kIqIAW hoeIAW hn (qy ieh swrw mhMqW dw bRwhmxvwdI AfMbr, krm kWf qy pwKMf hY[
fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr