Bhagat Singh’s Martyrdom (Some Hidden Facts)

Martyrdom of Bhagat Singh (Some Hidden Facts)
mwrtIArfMm Aw& Bgq isMG : iek Aihm dsqwvyz

ieiqhws ny ieqhws ivc AnykW vwr ieiqhwsk msilAW dw jnm Aqy AMjwm vyiKAw hY[ auN\ qW v`K-v`K kOmW dI qvwrI^ nUM v`K-v`K swjSI hwdisAW nwl do-cwr hoxw pYNdw irhw hY; pr mwrSl kOmW nwl ieh D`kw Aksr vDyry hI huMdw irhw hY[ ies byeImwnI ip`Cy ij`Qy izAwdqI krn vwilAW dw Aihswsy-kmqrI (inferiority complex) izMmydwr huMdw hY au~Qy aunHW dy Asly ivc byeImwn ie^lwk dI Awm-i&qrq dw rol vI huMdw hY[ keI vwr ies dw kwrn sw&t twrgY~t (soft target) vI huMdw hY[ dUjy pwsy keI vwr vwDU SrDw kwrn vI scweI nUM ivgwV ilAw jWdw hY[ au~pr izkr kIqy cwry kwrn bdnIAqI iv`coN pYdw hoey huMdy hn[ ies bdnIAqI ivc iqMn nukqy n&I-p`KI qy Aw^rI nukqw jmHw-p`KI bdnIAqI mMnI jWdI hY[ qvwrI^ dI ieho ijhI Zlq pySkwrI kwrn Aksr ieiqhws nwl eynI izAwdqI ho jWdI hY ik keI vwr Zlq ieiqhws s`c vjoN kwiem ho jWdw hY[ pr, qvwrI^ ivgVn dw iek kwrn Aijhw vI hY jo bdnIAqI „coN nhIN blik dil`dr jW mjbUrI iv`coN pYdw huMdw hY[ auh hY shI soimAW jW shI q`QW dw muh`eIAw nw hoxw jW aunHW dw pUrw muqwlIAw nw kr skxw[ BwvyN ies ivc swijS dw AMS Swiml nhIN huMdw pr ies nwl vI v`fw nukswn hox dw ^qrw kwiem rihMdw hY[

sB qoN AOKw kMm hY mOjUdw smyN dI qvwrI^ ilKxw[ BwvyN do-cwr sdIAW purwxI qvwrI^ ilKxw vI koeI Awswn kMm nhIN huMdw pr aus dI Koj krn vwsqy sm`grI Aqy somy zrUr muh`eIAw huMdy hn[ imswl vjoN jy koeI skwlr bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dI qvwrI^ ilKxw cwhy qW aus kol lqI& dw ieiqhws, do iebrq nwmy, bwdSwh burMjI, mAwisr aul aumrw, bhwdrSwh nwmw, qihmws nwmw, mIrwqy vwrIdwq, Asrwry sm`dI, muMq^bul lubwb, qzikrwq slwqIn cug`qw, chwr gulSn vrgIAW audoN dIAW ilKqW hI nhIN blik muZl drbwr dw roznwmcw A^bwrwqy drbwry muA`lw vI iml skdw hY[ pr jy koeI skwlr isr& rqn isMG BMgU, igAwnI igAwn isMG, kvI sMqoK isMG, ^zwn isMG vZYrw dy ADwr qy qvwrI^ ilKygw qW auh iek-pwsV hovygI, Aqy vkq bIqx „qy, aus nwl keI Zlq q`Q vI s`c vjoN mMny jwx lg pYxgy[ iek dwinSvr skwlr, KojI qy pwrKU A`K nwl, musilm soimAW coN is`K n&rq Aqy is`K soimAW qoN SrDw dw mulMmw lwh ky Asl kMcn (sonw) dw nzwrw idKw skdw hY[ iehI hY Asl Koj[

byeImwnI nwl qvwrI^ nUM pyS krn Aqy soimAW ivc vI JUT ilKx dI soc koeI nvIN nhIN hY[ ieh swijS qW qvwrI^ ijMnI hI purwxI hY[ ies nrm jW TfI jMg dy sB qoN vD mwihr AMgryz sn[ auN\ musilm ilKwrIAW Aqy AwirAw smwjI qy kuJ brwhmx lyKkW ny vI ies &n dw ^Ub muzwhrw kIqw hY[ AMgryzW ny qW Awaux vwlIAW sdIAW nUM ingwh ivc r`K ky ^u&IAw irportW Aqy srkwrI &weIlW ivc vI JUT nUM kwiem krn dI ^Ub koiSS kIqI sI[

ibRitS lwiebryrI dy kwmnvYlQ sYkSn (ijs nUM pihlW ieMfIAw Awi&s irkwrfz ikhw jWdw sI) ivc peIAW ibRitS srkwr dIAW irportW „qy peIAW, JUT Aqy Zlq ibAwnI dIAW prqW, iek pwrKU A`K nUM sw& nzr Aw jWdIAW hn[ Zdr pwrtI, bbr AkwlI lihr, gurduAwrw suDwr lihr, nOjvwn Bwrq sBw Aqy hor ienklwbI lihrW bwry Home Political and Judicial irportW dIAW &weIlW ikqy-ikqy AijhI brqwnvI Srwrq Aqy swijSW sMBwlI bYTIAW hn[

ieh i&kr dw mukwm hY ik A`j qvwrI^ lyKk ^ud “qvwrI^” huMdy jw rhy hn[ hux ieiqhws dy KojIAW nUM Kojxw vI muhwl huMdw jw irhw hY[ auN\ qW pihlW vI tWvIN-tWvIN rUh ies AOKI GwtI dw s&r krdI sI[ hux nw qW srkwrW qy nw hI XUnIvristIAW aunHW nUM shUlqW Aqy &Mf muh`eIAw kr rhIAW hn qy nw hI Awzwd ieMstIicaUSnz ies pwsy koeI soc rKdIAW hn[ SurU-SurU ivc pMjwbI XUnIvristI ny pMjwb dI qvwrI^ sbMDI kuJ kMm zrUr krvwieAw sI pr fw gMfw isMG, fw &Ojw isMG qy fw ikrpwl isMG mgroN ieQy vI hux koeI sMjIdw kMm nhIN ho irhw Aqy gurU nwnk XUnIvristI ny qW Awpxy &Mf purwxIAW ikqwbW dy rI-ipRMt jW trWslySnz Cwpx „qy hI ^qm kr idqy hn[

hW kuJ Awzwd klmW ny Awpxy qOr „qy pMjwb dI qvwrI^ „qy XUnIvristIAW qoN vI vD kMm kIqy hn[ krm isMG ihstorIAn, rxDIr isMG rIsrc skwlr, igAwnI grjw isMG qy ies klm ny AwpxI ih`k dy zor „qy kMm kIqw hY[ ienHW nUM iksy srkwrI jW ZYr srkwrI Adwry ny mdd nhIN idqI[ auN\ ienHW iv`coN koeI vI kwljW ivc ihstrI dw stUfYNt nhIN sI[

hux hwlwq Aijhy ho gey hn ik ieho ijhy Awzwd KojI vI ^qm huMdy jw rhy hn[ hux qW pwiVHAW nUM ielm dI Bu`K Gt hI nzr AwauNdI hY qy qvwrI^ dw muqwlIAw qW hor vI AOKI GwtI hY ijs dw rsqw qYA krnw Swied sB qoN AOKw kMm huMdw hY[ ibRitS lwiebryrI lMfn, nYSnl AwrkweIvz nvIN id`lI, styt ArkweIvz pitAwlw qy cMfIgVH, nYSnl lwiebryrI klk`qw qy hor keI lwiebryrIAW ivc pMjwb dI qvwrI^ sbMDI kroVW &weIlW qy ikqwbW peIAW hoeIAW hn[ jy iek sO skwlr vI, swrI aumr kMm krnw cwhux qW vI kMm nhIN muk skdw pr sO qW kI eyQy qW iek skwlr vI ndwrd hY qy iksy pwsy cwxn dI ikrn nzr nhIN AwauNdI[

iPr vI qs`lI vwlI g`l ieh hY ik ies audws mwhOl ivc kdy-kdweIN iksy iek klm h`QoN koeI mwArky dI g`l ho jwieAw krdI hY ijhVI qvwrI^ dy iksy AxgOly ^zwny nUM prgt kr jWdI hY ijs nwl qvwrI^ dy s`c „qy peI JUT dI grd ht jWdI hY Aqy hYrwnkuMn s`c aujwgr ho jWdw hY[ fw gurpRIq isMG isMDrw Aqy kulvMq isMG kUnr dI ieh ikqwb “mwrtIArfMm Aw& ShId Bgq isMG (sm ihfn &Ykts)” Aijhw hI iek kmwl hY[

fw isMDrw qy kUnr dI ies ikqwb mwrtIArfm Aw& Bgq isMG sm ihfn &Ykts ny ijhVy ieMkSw& kIqy hn aunHW ny isr& pMjwb hI nhIN blik Bwrq Aqy brqwnIAw dI BwrqI isAwsq Aqy kWgrs pwrtI dI qvwrI^ dy keI rwz bynkwb kr ky rK idqy hn[ ienHW iv`coN keI q`Q qW Aijhy hn ijnHW ny “s`c” vjoN mkbUl hoey keI JUTW qoN prdw lwh ky r`K idqw hY qy ies qoN ielwvw keI Brm BulyKy vI dUr kIqy hn[ ies ikqwb ivc pyS kIqy kuJ kmwl quhwfy nwl sWJy krny cwhvWgw:

  • jy Bgq isMG 8 AprYl dy idn AsYNblI ivc bMb su`tx smyN ipsqOl nMbr 168096 Awpxy nwl nw lY igAw huMdw qW swfrs dy kql dI gu`QI nhIN sI sulJxI[ ies nwl Bgq isMG nUM &WsI nhIN sI imlxI[ (s&w 38)
  • Bgq isMG skwt dI QW sWfrs nUM mwrnw nhIN sI cwhuMdw[ rwjgurU ny AwpxI mrzI nwl, pwrtI &Ysly dy ault, iek bygunwh gory nUM golI mwrI[Bgq isMG ny mr cuky hoey sWfrs nUM hI golIAW mwrIAW sn qW jo aus „qy buzidlI qy frpokqw dw JUTw doS nw lwieAw jw sky[ (s&w 28)
  • sWfrs nUM mwrn dI plwn „c bhuqw rol (pMfq) cMdr SyKr Azwd dw sI[ (s&w 35)
  • jd sWfrs nUM kql krn dw kys Bgq isMG „qy clxw SurU ho igAw qW pulIs nUM ieh iblkul pqw nhIN sI ik dUjw kwql kOx hY[ ieh soc ky ik iek`ly Bgq isMG nUM ies dw krYift nw iml jwvy rwjgurU ny Awpxy Awp, pUnw pulIs kol pyS ho ky igR&qwrI dy id`qI[ (s&w 32)
  • kWstybl cMnx isMG (jo Bgq isMG-rwjgurU dw ip`Cw kr irhw sI) nUM golI cMdr SyKr ny mwrI sI Bgq isMG jW rwjgurU ny nhIN (s&w 32)[
  • Bgq isMG ny Awpxy kys ies kql kWf mgroN kql nhIN sn krvwey[ auh ny qW qkrIbn do swl pihlW, 15-16 sqMbr 1928 nUM i&rozpur ivc fw ivjY kumwr isnhw dy kilink ivc hI kys ktvw ley sn[ (s&w 28-29)
  • cMdr SyKr isr& AYkSn ivc XkIn rKdw sI pr Bgq isMG pRwpqIAW cwhuMdw sI[ (s&w 35)
    ies kql nwl jvwhr lwl nihrU vI juiVAw hoieAw sI[ (s&w 36)
  • sWfrs dy kql dI iksy vI ienklwbI AwgU ny qwrI& jW ihmwieq nhIN sI kIqI qy ies nwl Bgq isMG bVw mwXUs hoieAw sI[ iesy kr ky auh iek hor AYkSn (Swied v`fw) krnw cwhuMdw sI[ (s&w 37)
  • cMdr SyKr nUM vI Aihsws ho igAw sI ik sWfrs dw kql kr ky aunHW ny iek &zUl AYkSn hI kIqw sI[ (s&w 37)
  • AsYNblI ivc bMb su`tx vwsqy cMdr SyKr ny rwm srn Aqy btukySvr d`q dI ifaUtI lweI sI[ auh Bgq isMG nUM ies AYkSn vwsqy nhIN sI Byjxw cwhuMdw[ (s&w 37)
  • AsYNblI ivc bMb sutx leI Bgq isMG nUM suKdyv ny qwAny mwr ky jwx bu`J ky puAwieAw sI[ (s&w 37-38)
  • lwl bhwdr SwsqrI kol moqI lwl nihrU dy koeI ^ws rwz sn qy ienHW kwrn hI ieMdrw gWDI nUM aus nUM prweIm minstr bxwauxw mMnxw ipAw sI (s&w 42)
  • 30 nvMbr 1928 dy idn jd sweImn kimSn dy i^lw& lKnaU ivc muzwhrw hoieAw qW ieMtYlIjYNs A&sr dlIp isMG ny jvwhr lwl nihrU nUM Q`pV mwirAw sI[ (s&w 42-43)
  • ihMdUsqwn rIpblIkn AYsosIeySn dy moqI lwl nihrU nwl gUVHy sbMD sn[ (s&w 43)
  • moqI lwl nihrU qy mdn mohn mwlvIAw ihMdUsqwn rIpblIkn AYsosIeySn nUM gxyS ividAwrQI Aqy pMfq cMdr SyKr Awzwd rwhIN pYsy idAw krdy sn[ (s&w 43)
  • ihMdUsqwn rIpblIkn AYsosIeySn AwrIAw smwj dw XUQ ivMg sI[ (Bgq isMG qy aus dy ipqw qy cwcw vI AwrIAw smwjI sn)[ (s&w 45)
  • lwlw lwjpq rwey qy mdn mohn mwlvIAw dw muK inSwnw ihMdU Drm dI r`iKAw sI (nw ik AwzwdI)[ s&w 44)
  • 7 AprYl 1919 dy idn mweIkl aufvwier nUM iek srkwrI mIitMg ivc iek AwieirS hox kr ky byie`zq kIqw igAw sI[ aus ny ies dw bdlw lYx vwsqy ieMgilS kOm nUM bdnwm krn ^wiqr jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc kqlyAwm krvwieAw sI[ (s&w 47-49)
  • mweIkl aufvwier muMfybwz sI[ aus ny iek muMfU r`iKAw hoieAw sI ijs nUM auh AnwrklI ikhw krdw sI[ jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc kqlyAwm krn dI slwh iesy muMfU ny idqI sI[ (s&w 48)
  • Bgq isMG kys ivc aus dy swQIAW ivcoN muK qOr „qy hMs rwj vohrw srkwrI gvwh bixAw sI[ (s&w 50)
  • BweI rxDIr isMG ny Bgq isMG nwl 4 AkqUbr 1930 dy idn Swm swFy cwr vjy mulwkwq kIqI sI[ ieh mulwkwq 2 GMty c`lI sI[ ies mulwkwq nUM krvwaux ip`Cy brqwnvI srkwr dw sw&t twrgY~t kMm kr irhw sI qy ies dw pqw nw Bgq isMG nUM sI qy nw hI BweI rxDIr isMG nUM[ (s&w 55-56)

* lwrf ierivn ny AwpxI fwierI (notz) ivc ieh iliKAw hY ik 18 &rvrI nUM, gWDI ny Bgq isMG dI szw muAw& krn leI nhIN blik ies nUM aus hwlq „c, kuJ icr vwsqy, mulqvI krn leI ikhw sI[ ies ikqwb dy lyKkW dw ivcwr hY ik ierivn ny Awpxy ^u&IAw not „c ieh g`l JUT ilKI hY[ (s&w 68-69)

* jd Bgq isMG dI &WsI dI szw muAw& krn bwry g`lbwq c`lI qW keI AMgryz A&srW ny Bgq isMG nUM jylH ivc hI mwr dyx dI plwn bxweI sI[ (s&w 70)

  • Bgq isMG dw sskwr sqluj dy kMfy „qy i&rozpur „c nhIN sI kIqw igAw[ au~Qy qW iksy Awm lutyry dI lwS nUM swiVAw igAw sI[ (s&w 85)
  • drAsl srkwr ny lokW nUM mUrK bxw ky i&rozpur v`l tor idqw sI Aqy ibnw iksy rukwvt dy hrIky p`qx dy kMFy „qy ienHW iqMnW dw sskwr kr idqw sI[ (s&w 93-95)
  • Bgq isMMG nUM &WsI dy r`sy nwl mwirAw nhIN igAw sI blik byhoS kIqw igAw sI[ (ies rwz nUM KulHx qoN bcwaux ^wiqr &WsI dyx vwly j`lwd nUM vI mrvw idqw igAw sI)[ byhoS ho cuky Bgq isMG qy aus dy swQIAW nUM lwrI ivc pw ky lwhOr dy muK drvwzy iv`coN k`iFAw igAw sI[ ies qoN pihlW ieh A&vwh &Ylw idqI geI sI ik jylH dI ipCly pwsy dI kMD Fwh ky iqMnW dIAW lwSW bwhr k`FIAW jw rhIAW hn[ ies „qy bwhr iek`Ty hoey swry 2-3 sO lok ifauFI qoN jylH dy ipCly pwsy nUM dOVy[ ieM\ ifauFI dw gyt KwlI ho igAw qy srkwr ny bVI AwswnI nwl lwSW qy &WsI vyly hwzr hox vwly AMgryz A&sr au~QoN k`F ley[ (s&w 87-88)
  • sqluj dy kMFy qoN ijs h`fI nUM Bgq isMG dI smJ ky cu`k ilAw igAw sI auh iksy jwnvr dI sI, mnu`KI nhIN sI[ (s&y 92-95)
  • i&rozpur ivc bxy mYmorIAl vwlI QW „qy srkwr sskwr kr hI nhIN sI skdI ikauNik auh QW qW Awm lWGy vwlI QW sI qy au~Qy hr vyly lokW dI AwvwjweI cldI rihMdI sI[ (s&y 93-95)
  • gWDI Bgq isMG dI Xwd ivc mYmorIAl auswrn dy i^lw& sI[ (s&w 183)
  • Bgq isMG, rwj gurU qy suKdyv dI &WsI dI szw dy i^lw& lokW ivc koeI ^ws ros nhIN sI hoieAw[ isr& iek idn dI hVqwl qoN mgroN lok Bgq isMG nUM Bu`l gey sn[ hW audoN iek mYmorIAl kmytI zrUr bxI sI qy ies kmytI ny vI koeI Xwdgwr nhIN sI bxweI[(s&w 182-83)

ieh swry q`Q hYrwnkuMn hn[ ienHW dy prgt hox nwl jo AslIAq swhmxy AwauNdI hY auh qvwrI^ dIAW bVIAW qMdW nUM KolHdI hY[ ies ikqwb ivc pyS hoey q`QW nwl Bgq isMG dy sskwr vwlI QW „qy bixAw mYmorIAl bymwAnw ho jWdw hY[ ieM\ hI KtkV klW ivc peI h`fI vI S`kI bx jWdI hY[ A`j klH qW fI.AYn.ey. tYst krvwaux nwl s`co-s`c swhmxy Aw jWdw hY[ jy scmuc auh iksy ienswn dI h`fI nhIN qW aus nUM au~QoN htw idqw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ Acwxk hoeI ZlqI nUM dUr krnw sUJvwn kOmW dI inSwnI huuMdI hY[ so ies svwl „qy jzbwqI soc nhIN rKxI cwhIdI[

fw isMDrw Aqy kUnr horW dI ikqwb ivc pyS lyKkW dy ivcwrW Aqy it`pxIAW nwl iksy dw &rk (mqByd) ho skdw hY pr ies h`fI dw mslw Aqy s&w 92 qoN 95 qk auTwey svwlW nUM koeI vI nzr-AMdwz nhIN kr skdw[ s&w 89-90 „qy pyS kIqw sskwr vwlI QW dw s`c vI JUTlwieAw nhIN jw skdw[ ies dy mukwbly ivc gMfw isMG vwlw dy lokW v`loN d`sI khwxI SryAwm JUT jwpdI hY[ ies swry nUM muK rK ky ienHW lyKkW dw QIiss kbUl krnw hI pYNdw hY[ ies dI sB qoN v`fI gvwhI vI. fblXU. simQ dI ilKq hY jo lyKkW nUM shI swibq krdI hY[ lyKkW ny vI. fblXU. simQ dI h`Q ilKq Aqy nkSy dy ky dsqwvyzW nwl Awpxw nukqw swibq kr idqw hY[

mYN ies ikqwb nUM iek Awm ikqwb nhIN smJdw[ ieh qW iek qrHW dw Koj-QIiss hY[ ies ivc pyS kIqy q`Q ^u&IAw eyjMsI dy iek eyjMt (drAsl fbl eyjMt) dy A`KIN if`Ty hwl „qy AwDwirq hn[ ies nUM AsIN zbwnI ieiqhws (oral history) dy soimAW dy ADwr „qy ilKy ieiqhws dI kYtygrI ivc r`K skdy hW[ rqn isMG BMgU dw „pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS‟, sohn kvI dy nW nwl mShUr „guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN‟ vI ieho ijhy zbwnI ieiqhws hn[ jy auh dovyN ilKqW kbUl hn qW isMDrW qy kUnr dI ikqwb ikvyN nwkbUl ho skdI hY[ auprlIAW dovyN ikqwbW qW dUijAW qoN suixAw ieiqhws hn pr ieh qW iek A&sr dw isr& A`KIN vyiKAw hI nhIN blik Awp jIivAw ieiqhws hn[

ies ikqwb ivc iek q`Q Aijhw vI hY jo shI nhIN hY[ lwlw lwjpq rwey dI lwTIAW nwl mOq dI khwxI shI nhIN hY[ 31 AkqUbr 1928 dI „itRibaUn‟ Aqy „AkwlI qy prdysI‟ ivc ies 30.10.1928 dy lwTIcwrj dI ^br CpI hoeI hY[ ies ^br ivc iliKAw hY ik ies lwTIcwrj ivc rweyzwdw hMs rwj, fw gopI cMd, fw s`q pwl, lwlw hMs rwj qy Abdul kwdrI dy z^mI hoey sn[ Pr 18 nvMbr 1928 dI itRibaUn dy tweItl pyj „qy muK ^br hI ieh hY ik lwlw lwjpq rwey dI idl dw dOrw pYx nwl mOq ho geI[ ieh A^bwrW itRibaUn dIAW &weIlW ivc vyKIAW jw skdIAW hn[

kuJ lokW ny ieh vI ikhw hY ik ies ikqwb pVHn nwl pwTk dy idl ivc Bgq isMG vwsqy ie`zq Gt jWdI hY[ ieh iblkul Zlq hY[ ijhVy lok Bgq isMG vwsqy ie`zq rKdy hn aunHW nUM qW sgoN Bgq isMG dI jmHwp`KI qsvIr imldI hY[ hyT ilKy i&kry iDAwn nwl pVHo:

(s&w 62-63): “Bgq isMG mihsUs krdw sI ik lokW dw iDAwn bMb nwl iK`cx dy nwl-nwl lokW nUM dlIl nwl smJwauxw vI zrUrI hY[”

(s&w 63): “bMb nwl AsYNblI ivc iksy dy mwry jwx dI g`l nUM r`d kridAW Bgq isMG ny ikhw ik Aijhy AYkSn nwl brqwnIAw Aqy gWDI swnUM „kwiqlW dw tolw‟ vjoN pyS krn vwsqy mOkw muh`eIAw krygw[ ies dI ihmwieq nhIN krnI cwhIdI[”

 (s&w 63): “isr& Bgq isMG hI smJdw sI ik brqwnIAw Aqy kWgrs (jo srmweydwrW dI nuMmwieMdgI krdI hY) dy AwgU dovyN ihMdUsqwn rIpblIkn AYsosIeySn dy duSmx hn[ so gWDI qy ierivn dohW dw gMDlw prcwr hrw idqw jwvy[”

(s&w 64): “Bgq isMG Awpxy inSwny qy mMizl bwry iblkul spSt sI[”

so ies ikqwb nwl Bgq isMG ivc SrDw r`Kx vwilAW dy idl ivc aus dI kdr Gtx dw &qvw Zlq hY[ hW ies nwl Bgq isMG dw husYnIvwlw vwlw mYmorIAl Aqy KtkV klW dI h`fI zrUr S`kI bx jWdIAW hn[

(fwktr hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)