AMimRqsr (srovr), byeIN ndI, qIrQ qy AMimRq
1564 ivc BweI jyTw (mgroN gurU rwmdws) jI ny is`K ngr ‘c`k’ (mgroN gurU dw ck, c`k rwmdws Aqy hux AMimRqsr) vswaux vwsqy zmIn ^rIdI[ iksy vI nvyN ngr dI sB qoN pihlI zrUrq pwxI dI huMdI hY ies kr ky gurU swihb ny sMqoKsr srovr vwlI jgh ‘qy qlwA putwauxw SurU kIqw[ pr CyqI hI aunHW nUM ies nvyN ngr nUM vswaux dI kwrvweI iv`cy C`f ky vwips goieMdvwl jwxw ipAw[ pr auh 1574 ivc p`kw ie`Qy hI rihx lg pey[ hux aunHW ny iPr iek qlwA putwauxw SurU kIqw[ pr aunHW ny sMqoKsr nUM iv`cy C`f ky aus dI jgh AMimRqsr qlwA putwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ so, pihlW AMimRqsr iqAwr hoieAw qy iPr 1578 ivc sMqoKsr srovr vI iqAwr krvw ilAw igAw[ hux lokW vwsqy pwxI dw mslw h`l ho igAw sI[ mgroN sMgq hor vD jwx kwrn gurU jI ny rwmsr vI iqAwr krvwieAw[ ies mgroN jMgl dys (hux mwlvw) Aqy hrIky v`loN Awaux vwlI sMgq vwsqy qrnqwrn vwlw srovr vI iqAwr krvw ilAw[ hux lokW nUM nhwaux jW kpVy Dox vwsqy pwxI dI muSikl nhIN rhI sI[ ieh qlwA/ srovr pwxI dw mslw h`l krn vwsqy sn qy mINh dy pwxI dI sMBwlx vwsqy, nw ik ienHW dI koeI Dwrimk AhmIAq sI; ieh koeI AKMOqI ‘AMimRq’ vwsqy nhIN sn[
mgroN bRwhmx, inrmlw qy audwsI ilKwrIAW ny swizS hyT ienHW pwxIAW nUM piv`qr qy AMimRq kihx dw dMB krnw SurU kr id`qw[ ies ip`Cy aunHW dI iek hor v`fI swizS ieh vI sI ik ies nUM ihMdU AsQwn grdwinAw jwvy[ ies swzS hyT aunHW ny ieh khwxI GVI geI ik ieh ausy C`pV vwlI jgh ’qy bxwieAw igAw ij`QoN kW fubkI lw ky hMs bx jWdy sn[ ies g`p nUM lokW ivc mnzur krvwaux vwsqy ieh khwxI vI GV leI geI ik ie`Qy mnoklipq rjnI nW dI iek AOrq dy ipMgly pqI dw kohV qy Apwhj-puxw (AKOqI qOr ’qy) dUr hoieAw sI[ ieh g`p bRwhmx lyKk ny ieh soc ky GVI sI ik ies nUM iksy ‘pRwcIn’ ihMdU mMdr jW imQhws nwl joV ky ies ’qy ihMdUAW dw h`k bxw id`qw jwvy Aqy iek byrI nUM duKBMjnI byrI dw dyxw Aqy hrduAwr dI qrz ’qy drbwr swihb dIAW pOVIAW nUM ‘hir kI pOVI’ nW dyxw vI ies srovr nUM ihMdUAW dI bxw ‘pRwcIn jgh’ bxw dyx dI swizS dw ih`sw sI[ ieM\ hI sMqoKsr srovr dI putweI vyly ie`QoN iek ‘jogI’ inilAw jo ‘smwDI ivc lIn’ sI[ ieh g`p vI bRwhmx lyKkW ny ieh soc ky GVI sI ik sMqoKsr nUM vI iksy ‘pRwcIn’ ihMdU mMdr jW imQhws nwl joV ky ies ’qy ihMdUAW dw h`k kwiem kr id`qw jwvy[
AMimRq kI hY:
AMimRq (A+imRq) dw l&zI mwAnw hY: mOq qoN pry; Xwin AMimRq aus nUM kihMdy hn jo ienswn ƒ mOq qoN mukq kr dyNdw hY[ ihMdU imQhws muqwibk, dyvqy Aqy rwKSW ny iek`iTAW ho ky smuMdr irVkxw SurU kr id`qw Aqy AKOqI ‘AMimRq’ iqAwr kIqw[ jdoN ieh AKOqI ‘AMimRq’ iqAwr ho igAw qW dohW (rwKSW Aqy dyviqAW) ivc ies g`l qoN lVweI ho geI ikauN ik dovyN hI ies AKOqI AMimRq dy pUrI qrHW mwlk bxnw cwhuMdy sn Aqy aus dI vrqoN krnw cwhuMdy sn[ ies kr ky dohW ivc bhuq izAwdw ‘lVweI’ hoeI[ lVweI dy dOrwn swrw AKOqI AMimRq fu`l igAw Aqy koeI vI hux AKOqI AMimRq pI ky Amr nhIN ho skdw sI[ bRwhmx bhuq izAwdw cwlwk sn[ hux aunHW ny Amr hox dI vwsqy Awqmw dI iek srIr qoN dUjy srIr ivc jwx dI im`Q bxw leI[ bRwhmxW ny ieh cwlwkI KyfI ik Awqmw kdy nhIN mrdI Aqy ieh iek srIr qoN dUjy ivc dwi^l ho jWdI hY[ ies leI, Ajy vI, hr koeI Amr ho skdw hY[ pr dUjy pwsy, ies dw iek ieh mqlb vI inkldw hY ik Awqmw pRmwqmw dw ih`sw nhIN hY Aqy ieh kdy vI Awpxy mUl (r`b) nwl nhIN iml skdI (dovyN g`lW is`K &ls&y dy ault hn)[
AMimRq dw mqlb, is`K Drm ivc, ihMdU isDWqW qoN v`Krw hY[ is`K Drm sdw ijaUNdy rihx dI Aqy Awqmw dI dUjy ijsm ivc bdlI dI im`Q ƒ r`d krdw hY[ is`K Drm muqwibk ienswnW dI izMdgI dI imAwd vwihgurU v`loN nIAq huMdI hY[ ienswnI ijsm pMj q`qW dw bxdw hY Aqy ienswn dI mOq qoN bwAd ieh pMjy q`q Awpxy-Awpxy mUl ivc smw jWdy hn[ srIr ivclI Awqmw vI pRmwqmw ivc iml jWdI hY[ is`K &ls&y ivc pRmwqmw dw nW jpxw hI ‘AMimRq pIxw’ hY ikauNik ieh mrn dy fr qoN Awzwd krdw hY[
eyko vyKw Avru n bIAw] gur prswdI AMimRqu pIAw] gur kY sbid iqKw invwrI shjy sUiK smwvixAw] rqnu pdwrQu plir iqAwgY] (s&w 113-114)
AMimRqu nwmu inDwnu hY imil pIvhu BweI] ijsu ismrq suKu pweIAY sB iqKw buJweI](s&w 318) ijsu jl iniD kwrix qum jig Awey so AMimRqu gur pwhI jIau](s&w 598)
is`K Drm ivc AMimRq koeI qrl cIz jW duAweI nhIN hY ik jo mnu`K ƒ sdw leI rihx vwlw bxwauNdw hY[ ieh isr& r`b (qy aus dI bwxI) hI hY jo AMimRq hY[ kuJ lyKkW ny is`K Drm ivc dwKly dI rsm, ‘KMfy dI pwhul’, ƒ vI ‘AMimRq’ ikhw hY[ ieh l&z shI nhIN hY[ Asl l&z KMfy dI pwhul hI hY jo pMj ipAwirAW v`loN id`qI jWdI hY[
is`KI ivc gurbwxI nUM AMimRq bwxI vIO ikhw jWdw hY[ Xwin gurbwxI dw dUjw nW ‘AMimRq’ vI hY[ is`KW dI kOmI Ardws ivc ‘AMimRqsr dy ieSnwn’ dw mwAnw ‘gurbwxI ivc cu`BI lwauxw’, aus ivc fu`b jwxw, Xwin aus nUM ‘mn ivc vswauxw’ hY, nw ik AMimRqsr srovr hY[
qIrQ-Xwqrw kI hY:
ies dw l&zI mwAnw hY: iksy iek Drm dy AKOqI ‘piv`qr’ qIrQW ‘qy pUjw krn vwsqy jwxw[ is`K Drm Dwrimk qIrQW dI AijhI AKOqI piv`qrqw nUM r`d krdw hY[ is`K &ls&y muqwibk jy kr iksy QW ‘qy iksy gurU swihb dw jnm hoieAw hovy jW iksy gurU sihb ny ShIdI id`qI hovy jW izMdgI dy kuJ swl ibqwey hox; qW AijhIAW QWvW dI qvwrI^I (ieiqhwsk) AihmIAq zrUr hY pr auh AKOqI piv`qr QWvW jW qIrQ nhIN hn[ isr& r`b dw nW hI qIrQ hY qy aus nUM mn ivc vswauxw hI ‘qIrQ Xwqrw’ krnw hY[ iksy jgHw ƒ piv`qr smJ ky qrIQ Xwqrw krn dI is`K Drm ivc mnwhI hY[ BwvyN ik is`K drbwr swihb AMimRqsr, AnMdpur, nMdyV, ptnw jW hor qvwrI^I gurduAwirAW ivc jWdy hn, pr ieh qIrQ Xwqrw nhIN blik qvwrI^I (ieiqhwsk) jgh ‘qy jwxw Aqy aus nwl sbMDq qvwrI^ cyqy krnw hY[
bRwhmx, inrmlw qy audwsI ilKwrIAW ny ieh pRcwirAw sI ik gurU Amrdws swihb ny is`KW qoN hrduAwr (ihMdUAW dw AKOqI qIrQ) dI Xwqrw ƒ Cufwaux leI goieMdvwl swihb ivKy bwaulI kwiem kIqI sI, qy ieM\ aunHW ny is`KW vwsqy iek qIrQ kwiem kr ky ies dI Xwqrw dI irvwieq pweI sI[ ieh Zlq pRcwr hY[ gurU swihb ny is`KW ƒ kdy vI Awpxy pwp Dox leI bwaulI ivc ieSnwn krn leI nhIN ikhw sI[ aunHW ny is`KW ƒ bwaulI ƒ piv`qr smJx leI vI nhIN ikhw sI[ ieh bwaulI qW lokW dI pwxI dI muSikl ƒ h`l krn vwsqy bxweI geI sI[ is`K Drm ieh nhIN mMndw ik iksy ^ws srovr ivc, iksy ^ws smyN jW idnW leI, Dwrimk rsmW krn nwl jW pwT krn nwl jW ieSnwn krn nwl pwp Doqy jWdy hn[ pwp qW cMgy kMm kirAW hI Doqy jw skdy hn[
jig haumY mYlu duKu pwieAw mlu lwgI dUjY Bwie] mlu haumY DoqI ikvY n auqrY, jy sau qIrQ nwie ] bhu ibiD krm kmwvdy dUxI mlu lwgI Awie] (s&w 39)
haumY loB lhir lb Qwky pwey dIn dieAwlw] nwnk gur smwin qIrQu nhI koeI swcy gur gopwlw] (s&w 437)
AMqir mYlu jy qIrQ nwvY, iqsu bYkuMT n jwnW] lok pqIxy kCU n hovY, nwhI rwmu AXwnw] pUjhu rwmu eyku hI dyvw] swcw nwvxu, gur kI syvw] (s&w 484)
pVy ry sgl byd nh cUkY mn Byd ieku iKnu n DIrih myry Gr ky pMcw] koeI AYso ry Bgqu ju mwieAw qy rhqu ieku AMimRq nwmu myrY irdY isMcw] jyqy ry qIrQ nwey AhMbuiD mYlu lwey Gr ko Twkuru ieku iqlu n mwnY] kid pwvau swD sMgu hir hir sdw Awnµdu igAwn AMjin myrw mnu iesnwnY] (s&w 687)
nwvx cly qIrQI min KotY qin cor] ieku Bwau lQI nwiqAw duie Bw cVIAsu hor] bwhir DoqI qUmVI AMdir ivsu inkor] swD Bly Ax nwiqAw cor is corw cor] (s&w 789)
qIrQ nwie n auqris mYlu] krm Drm siB haumY PYlu] lok pcwrY giq nhI hoie] nwm ibhUxy clsih roie] (s&w 890)
byd purwx kQy suxy hwry munI Anykw] ATsiT qIrQ bhu Gxw BRim Qwky ByKw] swco swihbu inrmlo min mwnY eykw] (s&w 1009)
AMimRqu nIru igAwin mn mjnu ATsiT qIrQ sMig ghy] gur aupdyis jvwhr mwxk syvy isKu suo Koij lhY] gur smwin qIrQu nhI koie] sru sMqoKu qwsu gurU hoie] (s&w 1328)
qIriQ nwvx jwau qIrQu nwmu hY] (s&w 687)
sulqwnpur loDI dI byeIN ndI dw s`co-s`c
ipCly kuJ swlW qoN kuJ lokW ny iek nvW dMB SurU kIqw hoieAw hY[ ies cwlwkI hyT iek inrmlw swD blbIr isMG sIcyvwl ny sulqwnpur ivcoN lMGdI hoeI byeIN ndI nUM pi`qr krwr dyx dw crcw SurU kr id`qw[ aus ny ieh prcwr kIqw ik gurU nwnk swihb jI sulqwnpur rihMidAW ie`Qy nhwieAw krdy sI ies kr ky ieh ‘piv`qr’ ndI hY[ drAsl ieh iek swizS sI ijs dy ipCokV ivc aus inrmly swD ny Awpxy fyry dI mShUrI vI krnI sI Aqy lokW qoN pYsy iek`Ty kr ky fyrw dI eImwrq vI bxwauxI, ies dw Awlw duAwlw suhxw bxwauxw Aqy lokW nUM Awpxy fyry nwl joVnw sI[ aus dI ies cwlwkI nUM kmwl dI kwmXwbI imlI[ A`j aus dy fyry dI eImwrq vI awlISwn hY; aus nUM jwx vwly rsqy vI kmwl hn[ ies qoN ielwvw aus ny hzwrW AnpVH hI nhIN blik bhuq swry pVHy ilKy lok vI mUrK bxw ky Awpxy nwl joV leY hn ijnHW ivc kuJ mhWmUrK qW aus dy pYr dOky aus gMdy opxI nUM AKOqI ‘AMimRq’ smJ ky pINdy hn[ies dI vIfIE myry ‘XU itaUb’ AkwaUNt ivc vI mOjUd hY[ aus ny qW ‘vwqwvrx’ dI sMBwl dy frwmy hyT Bwrq dy pRyzIfYNt Aqy dunIAW dy kuJ AwgUAW nUM mUrK bxw ky AYvwrf vI hwisl kr ley hn[ sulqwnpur jw kysw& pqw lg jWdw hY ik A`j bwkI ngr pihlWvw|hI gMdw hY, vyeIN ivc vI auvyN hI gMd hY, auQy muZlW dy vyly dy do purwxy pul qbwh kr id`qy gey hn, pr sIcyvwl dw fyrw kmwl dw hY[ lokW nUM mUrK bxwaux dI ieh iek kmwl dI imswl hY[
ieh kihxw dMB hY ik ikauNik gurU nwnk swihb auQy pOxy iqMn swl (AkqUbr 1504 qoN Agsq 1507 qk) nhwauNdy rhy sn, ies kr ky aus dw pwxI jW auh byeIN piv`qr hY[
gurU nwnk swihb 35 swl dI aumr ivc, AkqUbr 1504 dy A^Ir ivc, sulqwnpur gey qy modIKwny dw cwrj sMBwl ilAw[ modI hox kr ky Awp kol sulqwnpur irAwsq dy sYNkVy ipMfW dy cODrI, nMbrdwr qy jgIrdwr vI mwlIAw jmHw krvwaux AwauNdy huMdy sn[ ienHW nwl vI gurU swihb Drm, rUhwnIAq qy ienswnIAq bwry g`lW krdy rihMdy sn[ ieh swry gurU nwnk swihb dy murId bx cuky sn[ ieh cODrI srkwrI kMm qoN ibnw vI sulqwnpur Aw ky keI-keI idn gurU swihb kol irhw krdy sn[ hr roz byeIN ndI dy kMFy (ij`Qy Aj klH gurduAwrw byr swihb hY) Awp dIvwn sjwieAw krdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb dw glw bVw surIlw sI[ Awp kIrqn bhuq vDIAw krdy sn[ hOlI-hOlI sulqwnpur ivc bhuq swry srkwrI Aihlkwr, cODrI, Awlm-&wzl, &kIr, ikswn Aqy dUjy lok Awp dy murId bx gey[ ies qoN ielwvw Awly duAwly ’coN vI bhuq swry lok Awp jI dy is`K bx gey[ ienHW ivc ipMf mlsIAW (jlMDr) dw cODrI BweI BgIrQ qy keI hor cODrI vI sn jo srkwrI kMmW vwsqy sulqwnpur AwauNdy huMdy sn[
is`K &ls&y ivc iksy jgh jW nihr jW dirAw dI AKOqI pivqrqw nhIN huMdI[ ikauNik gurU nwnk swihb byeIN ivc nhwauNdy rhy sn isr& ies kr ky auh byeIN hI piv`qr nhIN ho jWdI[ ieM\ qW gurU nwnk swihb ny AwpxIAW audwsIAW dOrwn keI dirAw pwr kIqy sn qy auQy nhwieAw vI hovygw qW iPr auh vIpiv`qr ho gey[ gurU Amr dws swihb goieMdvwl rhy sn so ibAws vI piv`qr ho igAw[ CyvyN qoN dsvyN gurU qk kIrqpur qy AnMdpur rhy sn; ies kr ky sqluj qy crn gMgw coA vI piv`qr ho gey[ auh id`lI ivc mjnUM it`ky ‘qy jmnw dw pwxI ipAwauNdy rhy sn qy kwSI qy ptnw ivc gMgw qy nhwauNdy rhy sn, so auh vI piv`qr ho gey[ ieh bRwhmxI iksm dy lokW v`loN piv`qrqw dy nW ‘qy lokW nUM mUrK bxw ky T`gx dy qrIky hn (iehI qrIkw inrmly swD blbIr isMg sIcyvwl ny byeIN dI s&weI dy nW ‘qy kmweI krn, Awpxy cyly vDwaux Aqy mShUrI K`tx vwsqy kIqw igAw hY[
sulqwnpur ivc iek hor g`p dw pRcwr kiqw hoieAw hY ik gurU jI auQy 14 swl 9 mhIny 13 idn rhy sn; jd ik hkIkq ieh hY ik gurU jI auQy isr& qkrIbn iqMn swl rhy sn: sqMbr 1504 qoN 20 Agsq 1507 qk[
kI gurU kI byeIN ivc iqMn idn rhy sn? iek idn gurU swihb vyeIN ndI ’c nhwaux gey[ nhwaux mgroN auh vyeIN dy dUjy kMFy dUr sMGxy drKqW dy JuMf hyT jw bYTy qy rUhwnI socW ivc mgn ho gey[ Awp dy mn ivc i^Awl AwieAw ik v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc jw ky s`cy Drm dw prcwr krn dw smW Aw igAw hY[ Awp ny ies sbMD ivc plwn bxwauxI SurU kr idqI[ Awp dI AYsI ilv lgI ik Awp keI GVIAW au~Qy hI bYTy rhy[ iek lyKk ies ƒ 3 idn Aqy iek ny qW 8 idn ndI ivc vVy rihxw ilKdy hn, jo g`p hY[
gurU nwnk swihb v`loN ‘audwsIAW’ SurU krn qoN pihlW, aunHW dy ‘vwihgurU’ dy drbwr ivc jw ky vyeIN ndI ivc iqMn idn rihx dI khwxI iksy p~K qoN vI shI nhIN jwpdI[ iek pwsy qW ieh lyKk gurUU nwnk swihb nUM ‘nwrwiex’ Aqy’ r`b dw Avqwr’ (Awp nwrwiex klw Dwr jg mih prvrXo) ilKdy hn qy dUjy pwsy aunHW nUM ‘r`b’ dy drbwr ivc hwzr vI kr dyNdy hn[ ies dw mqlb ieh bxdw hY ik r`b ‘do’ sn qy iek ‘r`b’ (gurU nwnk swihb) dUjy ‘r`b’ (Akwl purK) dy drbwr ivc hwzr hoieAw sI (qy r`b dw ieh drbwr Swied ‘byeIN’ ndI dy hyTW ikqy sI)[ so ieh khwxI vI mgroN GVI geI sI qy ieM\ hI sulqwnpur ivc ‘gurduAwrw sMq Gwt’ vI mgroN bxwieAw igAw sI[ (Aijhy drjnW nklI gurduAwry hor jgh vI bxwey gey sn, jo A`j vI kwiem hn)[
is`KI dirAw ndI jW AijhI iksy vI AKOqI piv`qrqw Aqy qIrQ kwiemI nUM r`d krdI hY[ jy iehI mMnxw hovy qW gurU nwnk swihb 17 swl (1522 qoN 1539) qk krqwrpur rhy sn qy rwvI ndI dy pwxI nwl nhwauNdy rhy sn; iPr gurU AMgd swihb, gurU Amr dws swihb, gurU rwmdws swihb, gurU Arjn swihb, gurU hrgoibMd swihb hI nhIN blik gurU hrrwie swihb qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI ibAws dy pwxI nwl nhwauNdy rhy sn; iPr qW auh dirAw vI piv`qr hn[ sqluj vI piv`qr hY ijs dy pwxI nwl Cyvy gurU qoN dsvyN gurU qk swry auQy nhwauNdy rhy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb ny 1507 qoN 1521 qk Gto Gt 50 v`fy dirAwvW qy sYNkVy ndIAW ivc ieSnwn kIqy sn; auh dirAw qy ndIAW ikauN piv`qr nhIN hn[ nOvyN qy dsvyN gurU ptnw ivc rihMidAW gMgw qoN nhwauNdy rhy sn; auh ikauN piv`qr nhIN hn? sUJvwn is`K byeIN dy pRwjYkt dy dMB nUM CyqI smJ gey sn pr bysmJ kw&I dyr qk sIcyvwl dy ip`Cy lgy rhy[ hux auh vI smJ gey hn[
(fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)