Akwl q^q swihb imQhws hY
(gurU hirgoibMd swihb nyy koeI (AKOqI) q^q nhIN bxwieAw sI)
fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr
Aj-klH Akwl q^q nW dI iemwrq nUM is`K pMQ dI ‘sB qoN v`fI Adwlq’ Aqy ‘is`K pMQ dw isAwsI q^q’ kih ky prcwirAw jw irhw hY[ ieh ikhw jw irhw hY ik Akwl q^q dI iemwrq Akwl purK dw q^q hY; Aqy ies dy muK pujwrI (gRMQI), ijs nUM jQydwr ikhw jw irhw hY, dy &Ysly, hukm, AYlwn Awid nUM ‘ielwhI hukm’ kih ky prcwirAw jw irhw hY[ ieh sB imQhwsk g`lW hn[ Akwl q^q iek iemwrq nhIN qy nw hI ieh koeI duinAwvI ‘q^q’ jW ‘Akwl purK dw q^q’ hY[ Akwl q^q iek isDWq hY ijs dw mksd lokW ivc ieh ieæhsws Brnw hY ik dunIAwvI q^q nwSmwn hn, pr ‘Akwl purK dw q^q’ Akwl (kwl rihq, sdIvI) hY[ ijs iemwrq nUM hux Akwl q^q ikhw jw irhw hY, auh Akwl purK dw q^q nhIN hY[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb nyy AijhI koeI iemwrq (AKOqI q^q) nhIN bxweI sI[ auN\ idlscsp g`l ieh kihxw hY ik gurU jI ny Akwl purK dw q^q bxwieAw sI[ Xwin audoN qk Akwl pur^ Awpxy q^q ’qy ibrwjmwn nhIN sI; jW, ieh kih lE ik Akwl purK nUM q^q ’qy ibTwaux vwly gurU hrgoibMd jI sn[ ieh Awm prcwr kIqw jwx lg ipAw hY ik Akwl q^q khI jWdI iemwrq dI nINh gurU jI ny 15 jUn 1606 dy idn r`KI sI[ keIAW ny ies qwrI^ nUM ies kr ky mMn ilAw ikauNik ieh qwrI^ ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ dy lyKk ny ilKI sI qy aus ny ies dw ilKx swl 1718 iliKAw sI[ hwlW ik hux swibq ho cukw hY ik ieh ikqwb 1830 qoN mgroN dI ilKI hoeI hY[
‘buMgw Akwl q^q’ dI iemwrq ikvyN bxI?
ijs QW ’qy Aj-klH Akwl q^q nW dI iemwrq jW gurduAwrw hY, ieh drAsl AkwlIAW dw buMgw sI (AkwlI nYxw isMG qy aus mgroN AkwlI PUlw isMG dw invws ie`Qy sI; aunHW dy bhuqy swQI ‘CwvxI inhMgW’, ij`Qy hux burj AkwlI PUlw isMG hY, ivc irhw krdy sn)[ ies buMgy nUM ‘AkwlIAW dw buMgw’ jW ‘Akwl buMgw’ ikhw jWdw sI[ 1748 Aqy 1765 dy ivckwr dl Kwlsw dIAW swrIAW XwrHW is`K imslW Aqy PUlikAW ny pMjwb dw bhuq swrw ielwkw ij`q ilAw sI; pr AkwlIAW ny koeI ielwkw kbzy ivc nhIN sI kIqw[ auh gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl kirAw krdy sn[
1765 qoN mgroN bhuq swry is`K gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc rihx lg pey[ ies dy nwl hI hr iek imsl ny AwpxIAW hvylIAW Aqy buMgy bxwauxy SurU kr ley sn[ ies ngr ivc 72 buMigAW dy hox dw pqw cldw hY[audoN drbwr swihb dy muK gyt (jo cursqI AtwrI, gurU bwzwr) vwly pwsy sI [ AkwlIAW ny aus gyt dy nwl Awpxw buMgw bxwieAw sI[ ies nUM lok Akwl buMgw ikw krdy sn[ ie`Qy pihloN AkwlI nYxw isMG qy iPr AkwlI PUlw isMG rihMdy rhy sn[ 1823 ivc AkwlI PUlw isMG dI mOq mgroN ies buMgy dI AhmIAq Gt geI[ auN\ iemwrq kwiem rhI[ mgroN ies buMgy au~qy igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr gurmuK isMG ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[
‘Akwl q^q’ Aqy srbq Kwlsw iek`T
myry sxy, ijhVy qvwrI^ lyKk ATwrHvIN sdI ivc hox vwly ‘srbq Kwlsw’ ie`kTW (^ws kr ky 1733, 1747, 1748, 1763, 1765 Awid) dw izkr krdy hn qW auh ieh ilKdy rhy hn ik ieh iek`T Akwl q^q ’qy hoey sn[ drAsl ieh iek`T drbwr swihb dI hdUd ivc, AkwlIAW dy buMgy Aqy dI drSnI ifayFI dy ivckwr KulHy mYdwn ivc hoieAw krdy sn[ AkwlIAW dy buMgw dy mUhry iek`T hox kr ky ieiqhwskwrW ny ienHW iek`TW nUM ZlqI nwl Akwl q^q ‘’qy hoey iek`T ilK id`qw sI[ ieh vI i^Awl r`Kx dI loV hY ik ieh srbq Kwlsw iek`T AkwlI hI bulwieAw krdy sn[ Aw^rI srbq Kwslw iek`T 1804 ivc audoN hoieAw sI jdoN mrh`tw jrnYl XSvMq rwE holkr is`KW koloN AMgryz jrnYl lyk nwl lVweI ivc mdd mMgx AwieAw sI[ ieh iek`T AkwlI PUlw isMG ny bulwieAw sI[ ies dw izkr lY&tInYNt krnl mwlkm ny AwpxI ikqwn ‘skY~c Aw& d is`Kz’ ivc s&w 120 ’qy kIqw hY[ mwlkm ny AwpxI swrI ikqwb (jo 1812 ivc CpI sI) ivc ikqy vI Akwl q^q l&z dI vrqoN nhIN kIqI[
‘AkwlI buMgw’ ‘Akwl q^q’ ikvyN bixAw?
‘AkwlIAW dw buMgw’ nW dI iemwrq dw bqOr ‘q^q’ isDWq drbwr swihb dy gRMQI igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr igAwnI gurmuK isMG dw GiVAw hoieAw hY[ AkwlI PUlw isMG dI mOq mgroN igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny Awpxy buMgy ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dw prkwS kr ky ieh prcwrnw SurU kr id`qw ik ieh gurU jI dw q^q sI[ Boly lokW ny au~Qy vI m`Qw tykxw SurU kr id`qw[ hor qW hor hrI isMG nlvw qk aus dy prcwr dy Asr hyTW Aw igAw Aqy aus ny 1835 ivc igAwnI gurmuK isMG nUM iek l`K rupY dy ky q^q dI Cy mMizlW iemwrq bxwaux Aqy ies ’qy sonw lwaux vwsqy ikhw[igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny ies ivcoN bhuq pYsw hzm kr ilAw[ 1837 ivc nlvy dI mOq mgroN igAwnI gurmuK isMG qoN ihswb mMgx vwlw koeI nhIN sI[
igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny ‘Akwl q^q’ dy nvyN isDWq nUM kwiem krn vwsqy Awpxy iek swQI drbwrw isMG (jo drbwr swihb dw iek gRMQI sI) nwl iml ky ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ikqwb ilK id`qI[ ieh g`l 1830 dy duAwly dI hY[ ies ikqwb ivc aus ny Akwl q^q bwry iek pUrw kWf ilK id`qw qW jo lokW ivc Akwl q^q dw nvW isDWq prcwr ky aunHW qoN cVHwvy hwisl kIqy jwx[ aus ny ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ivc ies ikqwb dw JUTw ilKx swl 1718 ilK ky ies dI purwqnqw dw pRBwv vI pw ilAw[ ies ikqwb dy lyKk ny lyKk dw nW nhIN sI id`qw Aqy sohn l&z vwr-vwr Awaux kwrn lokW ny iksy sohn kvI nUM ies dw lyKk smJ ilAw sI[ pr, ies dy bwvjUd Awm lokW ivc Ajy Akwl q^q vwlw koeI isDWq nhIN sI[ q^q qW id`lI qy lwhOr ivc sn: iek muZlW kol qy iek mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG kol[ ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ qoN Cu`t iksy iek vI ikqwb jW dsqvyz ivc ‘Akwl q^q’ l&z qk nhIN imldw[
vYSno toly dw prcwr: iek sB qoN Aihm g`l ko kæwbly-ZOr hY auh ieh hY ik gurmuK isMG ‘inrmlw’ sI (aus dw ipqw igAwnI sMq isMG qy dwdw sUrq isMG is`KW ivc inrmlw toly dy muKI sn)[ inrmlw surq isMG kwSI Aqy knKl (hrduAwr) dy bRwhmxW dw cylw sI Aqy ies kr ky auh imQhwsk dyviqAW ivSnU Aqy gxyS dw pujwrI sI (aus dy Gr dy muK duAwr ’qy gxyS dy isr dw buq l`gw hoieAw sI)[
is`KW ivc swrI vYSno Aqy vydWqI lihr ies toly dI hI aupj hY[ 1765 ivc pMjwb ’qy is`K imslW dw kbzw ho jwx qoN kuJ swl bwAd (qkrIbn 1775-80 ivc) ieh tolw AMimRqsr ivc kwiem hoxw SurU ho igAw sI[ iesy toly ny drbwr swihb nUM ‘ivSnU’ dw mMdr bxwaux dw prcwr SurU kIqw sI Aqy ies dw nW ‘drbwr swihb’ qoN ‘hrI (ivSnU) dw mMdr’ prcwrnw SurU kIqw sI[ ies gurmuK isMG ny ‘gur iblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ivc ieh isDWq prcwirAw sI ik ivSnU rwq smyN drbwr swihb (aus dy l&zW ivc hrI (ivSnU) mMdr ivc ivSrwm krdw hY[ iesy ikqwb ivc iliKAw hY ik ivSnU dI hdwieq ’qy hI gurU hrgoibMd swihb ny ‘Akwl q^q’ dI rcnw kIqI sI; Xwin gurmuK isMG ny ivSnU nUM ‘Akwl purK’ Aqy AKOqI Akwl q^q nUM ‘ivSnU dw q^q’ vjoN kwiem kIqw sI[ gurmuK isMG ny qW vD cVHwvw lYx vwsqy ieh vI prcwirAw sI ik is`K nUM pihlW ivSnU dy q^q (Akwl q^q) ’qy m`Qw tykxw cwhIdw hY qy mgroN hrI (ivSnU) dy mMdr jwxw cwhIdw hY[
ienHW inrmilAW ny qW gurU goibMd isMG jI dI iek inrmlw Bys dI qsvIr vI bxweI sI qW jo aunHW nM vI inrmly kih ky prcwirAw jw sky[
{‘iBMfrW tolw’ dy vYSnU muKI gurbcn isMG ny vI QW-QW ivSnU dI hI pUjw kIqI hY[aus muqwibk ‘gurU nwnk dw jnm vI ivSnU dI Ardws nwl’ hoieAw sI[ ienHW dIAW ikqwbW ivc ‘guribls pwqSwhI CyvIN’ nUM hI pyS kIqw hoieAw hY ik drbwr swihb hrI (ivSnU) dw mMdr hY qy Akwl q^q ivSnU dw q^q hY[ ‘cOk mihqw fyrw’ ies dI iek Sw^ hY[ gurbcn isMG dy cyly krqwr isMG ny ies toly dw nW bdl ky ‘dmdmI tkswl’ rK id`qw sI[ ies swrw inrmlw tolw hI hY}[
sqMbr 1843 dy qIjy h&qy mhwrwj Syr isMG nUM kql krn vwly sMDwvwlIAW dy nwl aunHW dy swQIAW nUM vI mwr id`qw igAw[ aunHW ivc ieh igAwnI gurmuK isMG vI sI[ ies dy nwl hI ‘Akwl buMgw’ q^q nw bxwieAw jw sikAw qy iPr Akwl buMgw hI rih igAw; pr au~Qy gurU gRMQ siwhb dw srUp pRkwS kIqw hoieAw hox kr ky lok m`Qw tykdy rhy Aqy ieh iek nvW gurduAwrw bixAw irhw[ ies buMgy ivc igAwnI gurmuK isMG dw pu`qr prdumx isMG irhw krdw sI; ies kr ky ie`QoN dw cVHwvw aus nUM imldw irhw sI[
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy drbwr dw 1839 ivc aus dI mOq qk dw roznwmcw ‘aumdwquq qvwrI^’ vjoN CipAw imldw hY[ ies ivc vI ikqy vI ‘Akwl q^q’ l&z dI vrqoN kIqI nhIN imldI[
bUty Swh ny 1842 ivc iek ikqwb ‘qwrI^y pMjwb’ ilKI sI[ ies ikqwb ivc iek ih`sw ‘pMjwb dI jogrw&XweI qvwrI^’ hY[ ies ivc s&w 51 ’qy sw& iliKAw hY ik AMimRqsr ivc bhuq swrIAW imslW dy AwgUAW Aqy srdwrW ny buMgy bxwey hoey sn[ aunHW ivcoN iek ieh AkwlIAW dw buMgw sI; ieh AkwlI qlwau (drbwr swihb) dy pujwrI sn[ aus ny ikqy vI ‘Akwl q^q’ l&z dI vrqoN nhIN kIqI[
ies mgroN drbwr swihb ’qy AMgryzW dw Ais`Dw kbzw ho igAw[ aunHW ny idKwvy vjoN dsqury-Aml iqAwr krvw ilAw (ijs ivc isr& cVHwvw vMfx Aqy ifaUtIAW dw ihswb ikqwb sI) Aqy iek idKwvy dI ieMqzwmIAw kmutI vI bxw id`qI sI ijs dw muKI rwjw qyjw isMG sI (jo Asl ivc qyj rwm imsr sI ijhVw 1945-46 ivc lwhOr drbwr dIAW &OjW dw kmWfr-ien-cI& sI Aqy ijs ny ZdwrI kr ky pMjwb ’qy AMgryzW dw kbzw krvwieAw sI)[ pr ieh sB idKwvy dI kmytI sI[ auN\ ies kmytI dy smyN ivc vI koeI AKOqI Akwl q^q nhIN sI[
‘q^q swihb Akwl buMgw’ l&z dI pihlI vrqoN 1877 ivc hoeI sI
1873 ivc isMG sBw kwiem hoeI qW gurU nwnk swihb dy in`ky pu`qr lKmI dws dy vwirsW ivcoN iek Kym isMG bydI vI ies sBw nwl sbMDq ho igAw; pr aus dy AMdr lKmI dws vW| cVHwivAW ’qy plx dw subwau bixAw hoieAw sI; Aqy nwl hI auh m`Qy itkwaux Aqy AwpxI pUjw krvwaux dw vI SOkIn sI[ ies kwrn isMG sBw dy do ih`sy bx gey[ iek AMimRqsrI (Kym isMG bydI Aqy rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot hyT) Aqy dUjw lwhOrI (pRo. gurmuK isMG qy igAwnI id`q isMG hyT)[ lwhOrI DVw Kym isMG nUM nIm-gurU mMnx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI; ies kr ky auh ayus dy i^lw& swizSW GVdy rihMdy sn[ 1877 ivc jdoN Kym isMG bydI, rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot Aqy aunHW dy ihmwieqI pujwrIAW ny pRo&Ysr gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& “morcw” lwieAw qW pihlI vwrI l&z ‘q^q swihb Akwl buMgw’ vriqAw igAw[ Ajy vI ieh koeI q^q nhIN sI blik iek Akwl buMgw nUMnhI q^q ikhw igAw sI[
pRo. gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& jwrI hoieAw AKOqI hukmnwmw iksy q^q jW srbrwh jW gRMQI/pujwrI v`loN jW iks AKOqI pMj ipAwirAW v`loN nhIN sI blik iek DVy nwl sbMDq toly v`loN sI[ ies AKOqI ^q ijs nUM mgroN iksy ny hukmnwmw kih id`qw sI au~qy srbrwh, reIs, mhMq, nMbrdwr, muhqimmW, gRMQIAW, pujwrIAW, DUpIAW (drbwr swihb ivc DUp bwlx vwly), p`qIdwrW, ArdwsIAW, inSwncIAW (inSwn swihb dI svw krn vwilAW) Awid ‘AhudydwrW’ dy dsq^q sn; iemHW ivcoN koeI vI (AKOqI ‘jQydwr’ nhIN sI (hyTW AKOqI hukmnwmy ivc dsq^q krn vwilAW dy AhuidAW bwry sw& vyiKAw jw skdw hY)[
hm jumly isMGwn pujwrIAn q^q swihb Akwl buMgw v drbwr swihb jI v bwbw Atl rwie jI v JMfw buMgw swihb v ShId buMgw swihb ny mulwhjy kwrvweI gurmuK isMG skiqR kw kIAw[ mwlUm hUAw hY ik ies S^s ny cMd jgw bri^lw& gurieSt ky qOhIn gurU gRMQ swihb v gurU AMs v gurbwnI ky qihrIr v qkrIr kIAw hY ijs sy swbq hoqw hY ik aus kw eykdwd is`K Drm sy iblkul bri^lw& hY[ ies vwsqy hm qmwm pujwrIAn v gRMQIAn v nMbrdwr gurduAwry hwie mddUh qihjIr krqy hYN ik gurmuK isMG mjkUr pMQ Kwlsw sy Alihdw kIAw igAw hY[ gurduAwry hwie mOsU& aus kI Ardws nw hogI v brqwau n hogw[ qmwm isMGwn ko vwizAw rhy ik koeI S^s aus kw pYrokwr nw ho[ jo S^s aus kI pYrvI krygw vuh BI bymuK lwiek qn^wh smJw jweygw[ AOr vYsw hI slUk aus ky swQ BI kIAw jwvygw[ Pkwq v qwrI^ sqvIN mwh cyq 418 gurU nwnkSwhI, muqwibk 18 mwrc sMn 1887.
dsq^q hwzrIn isMGn v auhdydwrwAn v gRMQIAn v pujwrIAn: srdwr mwn isMG srbrwh gurduAwry swihbwn, s: kwnH isMG mjIiTAw reIs, BweI hrnwm isMG gRMQI drbwr swihb, BweI gulwb isMG mhMq Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI qyjw isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI jvwhr isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI pRqwp isMG, suMdr isMG, Syr isMG, BweI krm isMG ArdwsIAw drbwr swihb, srdwr jsvMq isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Twkr isMG pujwrI, BweI dyvw isMG DUpIAw, BweI mulqwnw isMG, BweI sMqw isMG pujwrI, BweI hridq isMG ArdwsIAw, BweI mhW isMG, BweI tyk isMG p`qIdwr Akwl buMgIAw, cMcl isMG, gulwb isMG Akwl buMgIAw p`qIdwr, gulwb isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Aqr isMG Akwl buMgIAw, BweI nwrwiex isMG nMbrdwr bwbw At`l rwie swihb jI, BweI jvwhr isMG, BweI DMnw isMG bwbw Atl rwie jI dy suKeI, BweI drbwrw isMG JMfy buMgIAw, BweI ikrpwl isMG jI JMfy buMgIAw, gurid`q isMG inSwncI, BweI sMq isMG nMbrdwr, BweI nwrwiex isMG jI gRMQI qrn qwrn swihb[
‘Akwl q^q’ l&z dI pihlI vrqoN 1920 ivc hoeI sI
10 qoN 12 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ ‘‘Kwlsw brwdrI kwrj swDk dl’’ jQybμdI v`loN jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc iek dIvwn sjwieAw igAw sI[ ies ivc suμdr isμG mjITw, krqwr isμG J`br, qyjw isμG Bu`cr, mμgl isμG mwn, bhwdr isμG hkIm vgYrw dIvwn ivc hwzr hoey sn[aunHIN idnIN drbwr swihb dy pujwrI AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy is`KW dw pRSwd kbUl nhIN krdy sI[ 11 AkqUbr rwq vyly mqw pws hoieAw ik AglI svyr ƒ AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy is`K pRSwd lY ky drbwr swihb jwx[ aunHW dy nwl keI is`K AwgU jwx vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ Agly idn 12 AkqUbr dy idn AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy keI isμGW ny AμimRq CikAw[ dIvwn dy ^qm hox qoN bwAd ieh swry isμG iek`Ty ho ky suμdr isμG mjITIAw dI AgvweI ivc drbwr swihb gey[ ijhw ik aumId sI pujwrIAW ny pRSwd kbUl nw kIqw[eyny icr ivc jQydwr krqwr isμG J`br Aqy jQydwr qyjw isμG Bu`cr vI pu`j gey[ hux sμgqW dI igxqI bhuq ho cu`kI sI[ A^Ir PYslw hoieAw ik gurU gRμQ swihb dw vwk ilAw jwey[ vwk ilAw igAw jo pRSwd kbUlx dy h`k ivc sI[ hux pujwrIAW nUM Ardws krnI peI sI[
ies qoN bwAd sμgqW Akwl q^q swihb vl geIAW[ sμgqW ƒ AwauNidAW vyK ky pujwrI q^q swihb ƒ suμ\w C`f ky B`j gey[ Akwl buMgw dI iemwrq ^wlI peI vyK ky hwzr sμgqW ny Akwl q^q swihb dI syvw sμBwl vwsqy 25 isμGW dI iek jQw bnwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ 17 mYNbrW ny ausy vyly Awpxy Awp ƒ syvw vwsqy pyS kIqw[ ies jQy dy jQydwr qyjw isμG Bu`cr bxwey gey[ ies jQy dy muKI nUM
‘Akwl buMgw’ dI syvw sMBwl krn vwly ‘jQy dw jQydwr’ ikhw igAw sI[ ieh iksy AKOqI Akwl q^q dw jW kOm dw jQydwr nhIN sI; hW aus dw kMm Aqy drjw A`j dy drSnI ifauFI A`gy cob (fMfw) PV ky KVHy cOkIdwr jW kVwh pSwd vrqwaux vwly syvwdwr, Aqy, hukmnwmw lYx qy Ardws krn vwly vwly pujwrI vwlw zrUr sI[ is`K qvwrI^ ivc ikqy vI ies ‘AKOqI jQydwr’ v`loN kOm dy msilAW ’qy koeI Adwlq clwaux dI koeI imswl nhIN hY[
hor qW hor 1928 ivc jdoN qyjw isMG BsOV dy i^lw& ‘hukmnwmw’ jwrI kIqw igAw qW audoN vI ies dI Adwlq ‘Dwrimk slwhkwr kmytI’ Aqy SRomxI kmytI dI AYZzYkitv sn ijnHW ny ‘hukmnwmw; iqAwr kIqw sI, nw ik Akwl q^q dw pujwrI jW cwr hor pujwrI (vyKo: SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pMjwh swlw ieiqhws)[
jUn 1978 ivc inrMkwrIAW dy i^lw& hukmnwmw iqAwr krn dI syvw iek ‘kmytI’ ny kIqI sI nw ik pMj pujwrIAW ny[ ies mgroN vI Akwl q^q dI iemwrq dy pujwrIAW/ syvwdwrW dw is`K qvwrI^, is`K isAwsq jW Dwrimk svwlW sbMDI koeI zrw-mwsw vI rol nhIN sI[
‘Akwl q^q’ Aqy ies dy AKOqI jQydwr dw haUAw ikvyN SurU hoieAw?
Akwl q^q swihb dy AKOq jQydwr dy ies nvyN Ahudy dw haUAw 1982 dI dsMbr ivc swbk &OjIAW dI iek mIitMg ivc KVw kIqw igAw ijs ivc mqw pws kIqw igAw sI ik iBMfrWvwilAW nUM Akwl q&q dw jQydwr bxwE[ pr iksy ny ies g`l dI prvwh nhIN kIqI sI[
ies Ahudy dw Asl frwmw 1986 dI 26 jnvrI dy idn, Akwl q^q swihb mUhry hoey iek`T ivc kwiem hoieAw sI[ (mgroN iBMfrW-mihqw jQw v`loN ies iek`T nUM Zlq qOr ’qy ‘srbq Kwlsw’ dy nW id`qw igAw sI)[ ies iek`T ivc vI jsbIr isMG rofy nUM jylH ivcoN irhw krvwaux vwsqy ies jQydwr rUpI ‘haUey’ dw pRcwr kIqw igAw sI[ srkwr dI mdd nwl jsbIr isMG rofy nUM AKOqI jQydwr qW bxw ilAw pr kuJ idnW ivc hI aus dI jQydwrI dw Bog pY igAw qy SRomxI kmytI ny aus nUM jQydwrI qoN &wirg kr id`qw[ auN\ ies mgroN ies nvIN qwkq dI vrqoN krn vwsqy gurcrn isMG tOhVw Aqy bwdl ny pihlW pRo. drSn isMG qy mgroN BweI rxjIq isMG nUM lY AWdw[ pRo. drSn isMG ny jdoN KwVkUAW nUM kuJ isiKAw dyxI cwhI qW aus ’qy &qivAW dw mINh vrnw SurU ho igAw[ BwerI rxjIq isMG vyly qW KwVkUAW dw kMm muk cukw sI[
pr, ies nvyN dIAhudy dI nvIN vrqoN 1999 &rvrI ivc audoN SurU hoeI jd pRkwS isMG bwdl dw SRomxI kmytI Aqy Akwl q^q swihb dI iemwrq ‘qy kbzw ho igAw[ audoN qoN ies q^q bxt buMgy Aqy ies dy pujwrI nUM bwdl AkwlI dl dy dlwl vWg vriqAw jw irhw hY[ 1999 qoN ieh Ahudw Akwl q^q dI AKOqI Adwlq nhIN blik “pRkwS isMG bwdl dI mw&IAw Adwlq” vjoN kwrvweIAW krn vwsqy vriqAw jw irhw hY (mYN qW ienHW pujwrIAW nUM iek iksm dIAW ‘bwdl dIAW Dwrimk vysvwvW’ kihMdw hW)[
bwdl ny ies q^q dI iemwrq dy pujwrI nUM Dwrimk mw&IAw Adwlq vjoN vrq ky srnw qoN ielwvw ismrnjIq isMG mwn Aqy hornW nUM vI nwjwiez qOr ’qy iT`T krn dI koiSS kIqI hY[
ies qoN ielwvw inrmilAW dy jQw iBMfrW-mihqw nUM ^US krn vwsqy ienHW pujwrIAW rwhIN gurb^S isMG kwlw A&Zwnw, joigMdr isMG spoksmYn Aqy (pRo) drSn isMG rwgI Aqy fw hrijMdr isMG idlgIr ’qy vI kuhwVw clwaux dI koiSS kIqI geI hY[
jdoN 2014 ivc hirAwxw ivc vKrI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI bxI qW iesy frwmy nwl hI jgdIS isMG JINfw, dIdwr isMG nlvI Aqy hrimMdr isMG c`Tw ’qy kuhwVw clwieAw igAw sI[ 2019 dy A^Ir ivcBweI rxjIq isMG FfrIAWvwlw ’qy ieh kuhwVw clwaux dI plwinMg bxI sI[
iesy &rwf Ahudy hyT srsw fyry dy ryp qy kql dy mujirm gurmIq rwm rhIm nUM muAw&I dyx dw frwmw ricAw igAw[ Xwin ies nvyN pYdw kIqy gey nwjwiez Ahudy rUpI haUey nUM bwdl qy hrnwm DuMmy ny AwpxI ‘Dwrimk rKYl’ vjoN vriqAw[
ies swry nUM pMQ ny n&rq dI ingwh nwl vyiKAw hY Aqy ies nwl is`KW ivc pujwrIAW, buMgw Akwl q^q dI iemwrq (isDWq nhIN), SRomxI kmytI dw Adb bhuq GitAw hY[ koeI vylw sI ik Akwl q^q l&z dw vI Adb sI[ pr hux swry ivdvwn (kuJ cwplUsW nUM C`f ky) ienHW nUM hkwrq dI ingwh nwl vyKdy hn; sYNkVy gurduAwry, jQybMdUAW qy pMQk Adwry iehnW nUM durkwrdy hn Aqy ienHW dy AKOqI hukmnwimAW nUM ju`qI dI nok nwl TukrwauNdy hn[ lokW ivc Adb dI jgh hux ieh iqRskwr dy pwqr bx cuky hn[
Akwl q^q swihb d AKOqI jQydwr dw Ahudw nw qW is`K isDWqW jW &ls&y ivc mOjUd hY Aqy nw hI ieh is`K qvwrI^ ivc kdy sI[ Akwl q^q iek buMgw, gurduAwrw jW iemwrq dw nW nhIN hY; ieh iek &ls&w hY ijs dw mu`dwA ieh hY ik is`K isr& Akwl purK dy q^q dI pRjw hY qy is`K dI pihlI v&wdwrI Akwl purK nwl hY nw ik mhWkwl (mhwdyv, iSv), ivSnU nwl hY (cOk mihqw fyry dI ikqwb mqwibk qW Akwl q^q ivSnU dw hI q^q hY)[ dUjy l&zW ivc Akwl q^q koeI duinAwvI q^q, Adwlq jW d&qr nhIN hY[ ieh ‘sUKm’ isDWq hY ‘sQUl’ iemwrq/Adwrw nhIN hY[ pr, kuJ bysmJ AwgU Ajy qk aulJy hoey iPrdy hn[ bIqy idn iek s`jx dw hwsohIxw ibAwn CipAw sI ik “is`K pMQ AMdr jQydwrW dw ivSvws ^qm ho igAw hY, iPr vI FfrIAW vwl aunHW A`gy pyS hox”… ieh qW hwlq hY is`K kOm dy AwgU AKvwaux vwly lokW dI[
mOjUdw srUp ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Bwrq srkwr dy iek kwnUMn hyT isr& gurduAwrw “pRbMDk” kmytI hY (qy auh vI Bwrq dy iqMn sUibAW dy gurduAwirAW dI)[ ies kmytI ivc bwkI sUibAW jW ivdySW ivc rihMdy 25 l`K is`KW dw koeI ih`sw nhIN hY[ dUjw, ies “gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI” kmytI dw kMm gurduAwirAW dw pRbMD (syvw sMBwl) krnw hY[ is`K isDWq bxwaux Aqy lwgU krn jW is`KW ’qy koeI hukm lwgU krn dw ies kol koeI h`k nhIN[ ieh SRomxI kmytI iek DVy dy kbzy vwlI kmytI hY[ ieh bxI pMjwb ivcoN cuxy iek DVy dI kmytI dI AYZzYkitv gRMQIAW qy pujwrIAW nUM lwauNdI hY[ jdoN jIA kry AwpxI mrzI nwl aunHW nUM lw dyNdI hY qy jdoN jIA kry k`F dyNdI hY (ijvyN igAwnI ikrpwl isMG, jsbIr isMG rofy, BweI rxjIq isMG, igAwnI pUrn isMG, BweI blvMq isMG nMdgVH k`Fy sn; Aqy joigMdr isMG vydWqI Aqy gurbcn isMG koloN dbky nwl AsqI&y ley sn; Aqy gRMQI gurmuK isMG dw qbwdlw kr id`qw sI)[ ienHW gRMQIAW qy pujwrIAW nUM smu`cw pMQ qW nhIN cuxdw, isr& iek tolw cuxdw hY (Asl ivc
pRkwS isMG bwdl, cOk mihqw fyry dy muKI hrnwm isMG Dumw dI iejwzq nwl, cuxdw hY)[ ies pujwrI (AKOqI jQydwr) SRomxI kmytI dy qn^whdwr mulwzm hn[ ieh pMQ dy jQydwr ikvyN ho skdy hn?
is`KW ivc iek buMgy nUM ‘Akwl q^q’ bxwaux Aqy ies dy AKOqI jQydwr dw Ahudw kwiem krnw iek swizS sI, jo hux bynkwb ho geI hY[ is`K &ls&y muqwibk koeI AKOqI q^q nhIN qy nw hI aus dw koe ‘jQydwr’ ho skdw hY[ q^q audoN qk sI jdoN gurU jI drbwr lwauNdy sn qy jQydwr qW iksy jQy dw huMdw hY[ so nw qW iek buMgw q^q hY qy nw iek pujwrI kOm dw jQydwr hY[ is`K ivdvwn ies nUM r`d kr cuky hn qy hux is`K AwgUAW nUM vI cwhIdw hY ik ies &rwf nUM mMnxw bMd kr dyx[
fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr
Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer
National Professor of Sikh History
Director: G.N. Research Institute, Birmingham, England
Former Director: Sikh History Research Board (SGPC)
hsdilgeer@yahoo.com
(44) 7775499320