gurU nwnk swihb qoN pihlW is`K homlYˆf dw Dwrimk nkSw
isµD GwtI dI siBAqw vyly pUry d`KxI eySIAw ivc lokW dw koeI jQybµd Drm nhIN sI[ lok kudrqI qwkqW Aqy Aw&qW qoN frdy sn, aunHW qoN rihm dI iB`iKAw mµgdy sn qy aunHW dI „pUjw‟ krdy sn[ vrDmwn jYn Aqy gOqm buD ny jYn qy bu`D DrmW dw mu`F bµinHAw[ Xwin d`KxI eySIAw ivc sB qoN pihly Drm jYn qy buD Drm sn[
buD qoN pihlW lok qwkq (SkqI) dy kwlpink dyvqy iSv dI „pUjw‟ krdy sn (Xwin aus qoN frdy sn qyy cwlwk lokW, Xwin bRwhmxW qy pujwrIAW ny aunHW nUM AKOqI pUjw ivc aulJw ilAw)[ ies kwl dI iek hor idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik bRwhmxW ny dyviqAW nwloN dyvIAW vDyry kwiem kIqIAW sn ikauNik vDyry kudrqI Aw&qW mwdw (nwrI ilMg) sn: hnyrI, A`g, mINh, grIbI, Bu`K, lVweI, bImwrI[ iesy kr ky sRI, l`CmI, FkySvrI, durgw/cMfI/BgauqI, kwmwiKAw, AMbw/jgdMbw, SyrWvwlI, joqWvwlI nYxW (vwlI) dyvIAW sn[ ies dy nwl hI bRwhmxW ny dYNq vI pYdw kr ley ijnHW nUM dyviqAW dI bjwie ienHW „dyvIAW‟ qoN hrvwieAw qy mrvwieAw[ drAsl ieh swaUQ eySIAw dy ies ielwky dy lokW dI buzidlI sI ik auh DwVvIAW dw twkrw nhIN sn kr skdy qy AOrqW (dyvIAW) qoN duSmxW nUM hrvwauNdy sn[ buq pUjw qy dyvI pUjw iesy kwl dI pYdwvwr hn[ ies qrHW dy Drm (drAsl krm-kWf) dw kwl sMn 1000 qoN 600 purwxw kwl hY[
swaUQ eySIAw dy lokW dI ies buq pUjw nUM gOqm bu`D (jnm 567 purwxw kwl) ny qoiVAw[ CyqI hI lok smJ gey qy bRwhmxW dI kmweI Gt geI qy aunHW dI rozI nUM s`t v`jI[ ies kr ky bRwhmxW nUMM bu~D Drm ‟qy bhuq gu`sw sI Aqy ies Drm nwl bVI n&rq sI[
ASok vyly buD Drm, „rwjy dw Drm‟ hox kr ky, lokW ivc prcwirAw igAw[ kuJ lokW ny rwjy dI nkl krn kr ky, kuJ ny hwkmW ƒ ^uS krn vwsqy (qy kuJ kU lokW ny ies dy &ls&y ƒ psµd kr ky vI) buD Drm A^iqAwr kIqw[ A`T-nON sO swl dw smW buD Drm d`Kx-prbI eySIAw Aqy pµjwb dy lokW dw Drm bixAw irhw[ bwimAwn (A&gwinsqwn), SihbwzgVHI (pwiksqwn), svwq (pwiksqwn), rvwlsr (ihmWcl), sµGol (au~cw ipµf), rUpV (hux ropV), ngr (iPlOr dy nyVy), sunyq (luiDAwxw) Aqy kuJ hor jgHw Ajy vI aus kwl dIAW inSwnIAW sµBwlI bYTIAW hn[
jd mOrIAw ^wndwn dI hkUmq ^qm hoeI qW aus vyly qk kwiv-nwvl (mhWkwiv) mhWBwrq qy rwmwiex ilKy jw cuky sn[ aus vyly dIAW sB qoN cµgIAW khwxIAW hox kr ky ieh lokW ivc (qy auh vI isr& mOjUdw au~qr pRdyS, ibhwr, m`D pRdyS ivc) hrmn ipAwry ho gey[ ijvyN A`j pµjwb ivc imrzw-swihbW, s`sI- pµnU, hIr-rWJw, sohxI-mhINvwl dy ik`sy mkbUl hox mgroN qvwrI^ jwpx lg pey hn, ieµ\ hI au~qr pRdyS-m`D pRdyS-ibhwr ivc mhWBwrq qy rwmwiex kwiv-nwvl pihlW qW iKAwlI (kwlpink) khwxIAW qoN imQhws bxy qy Pyr „qvwrI^‟ vjoN prcwry jwx lg pey[ sµn 500 swl purwxw kwl (ijs nUM eIsweI bI.sI. ilKdy hn qy dUjy lok E.eI. Xwin Elf ierw, pMjwbI ivc purwxw kwl) dy Awly-duAwly ienHW dI rcnw hoeI qy qkrIbn iek hzwr swl mgroN, sMn 500 (nvW kwl) dy nyVy, ieh lok-swihq bx gey[ ies dy nwl hI pujwrI jmwq pYdw ho geI[ aunHW ny mhWBwrq qy rwmwiex dy iKAwlI hIroAW ƒ pihlW rwjy qy iPr imQhwsk dyvqy bxw ky pyS krnw SurU kr idqw[ ieh kwrvweI vI do kU sO swl cldI rhI[ bs iesy ivcoN hI ATvIN-nOvIN sdI (nvW/mOjUdw kwl) ivc ienHW iKAwlI (kwlpink) hIroAW dI pUjw (krm-kWf) dw „Drm‟ dw jnm hoieAw[
ies „Drm‟ (krm-kWf) dI SurUAwq qoN pihlW ienHW dySW (mgD, kwSI, vZYrw) dy lok kudrqI qwkqW dy imQhwsk dyviqAW dI pUjw krdy sn[ ienHW ivcoN muK sn: iSv, ivSƒ, sUrj, ieµdr[ iSv ƒ qbwhI, mOq, qwkq vZYrw dw dyvqw mµinAw jWdw sI[ ies dI Kurwk ivc Srwb qy mws dI pUrI vrqoN sI[ dUjw QW ivSƒ dw sI[ ivSƒ mws-Srwb dy ault sI[ iesy kr ky mws-Srwb nw vrqx vwilAW ƒ vYSno (ivSƒ dy pujwrI) ikhw jWdw hY[ sUrj dyvqw rOSnI qy AYnrjI dw dyvqw mµinAw jWdw sI[ ies dy pujwrI vDyry kr ky krnwtk qy hor d`KxI ielwikAW ivc sn[ iSv dy mµnx vwly bhuqw kr ky kwmrUp, bµgwl qy ibhwr ivc sn[ ivSƒ dy pujwrI vDyry kr ky au~qr pRdyS qy mD pRdyS ivc sn[ ienHW ivcoN koeI vI dyvqw is`K homlYˆf, pµjwb, kSmIr, A&Zwinsqwn vwly ielwky dy lokW ivc mkbUl nhIN sI[ bu`D Drm dy zvwl mgroN pMjwb dy lok jogIAW, nwQW vZYrw nUM hI r`b dy Bgq jwx ky siqkwr dyNdy sn jW kwlpink/imiQhwsk/dMd kQwvW dy hIroAW (nwiekW) dI hI pUjw krdy sn[
hrS vrDn dy vyly qk hI nhIN blik sMn 1200 qk pµjwb ivc mu`K Drm buD Drm hI sI[ ies qoN bwAd gorK nwQ dy jogIAW/XogIAW ny pMjwb dI DrqI ‟qy bhuq pRcwr kIqw pr auh lokweI qoN B`jx vwly lok sn ies kr ky auh bhuqy lokW nUM Awpxy nwl nw joV sky[ auN\ aunHW ny vI Awpxy qvIqW, jwdU-tUixAW qy qWqirk BrmW ivc lokW nUM Psw ky auhI rol Adw kIqw jo pUrb qy d`Kx ivc bRwhmxW ny kIqw sI[ jogIAW dw krm kWf qkrIbn iqMn kU sdIAW (qyrHvIN qoN pMdrvIN sdI qk) vDyry c`ilAw Aqy ies dw ^wqmw gurU nwnk swihb dy pRcwr mgroN hI hoieAw[
bRwhmxW dy mOjUdw krm kWf dI SurUAwq ATvIN sdI dy A^Ir jW nOvIN sdI dy SurU ivc hoeI sI[ ies dw AwgU d`Kx dw iek bRwhmx SMkrwcwrX sI[ aus ny mukwmI rwijAW dI mdd nwl jYn mMdrW Aqy bu`D Drm dy m`TW ‟qy kbzy kr ky aunHW nUM ihMdU Drm dy mMdr bxw ilAw[ jYnIAW dy sYNtrW ‟qy kbzw krn vyly bRwhmxW nUM koeI muSikl nw AweI ikauN ik iek qW auh „AihMsw‟ dy „pujwrI‟ sn qy dUjw aunHW dy sYNtrW dy ieMcwrj vDyry kr ky bRwhmxW iv`coN hI sn[ buD Drm dy sYNtr bRwhmxW dy zwlmwnw hmilAW dw burI qrHW iSkwr hoey[ aunHW dI bhuq qbwhI hoeI, buD dy buq qoV id`qy, eImwrqW qbwh kr id`qIAW qy aunHW dIAW lwiebryrIAW qk swV id`qIAW[ SMkrwcwrX dw AYkSn FwhU qy nYgYitv sI[ ies ny buD Drm dw nukswn qW kIqw pr ies nwl mOjUdw ihMdU Drm pYdw nhIN sI ho sikAw[ hW lok muV krm kWf qy buq pUjw vl zrUr D`k id`qy gey sn[ ies mgroN XwrHvIN sdI ivc iek hor bRwhmx rwmwnuj ny krm-kWf Aqy buq pUjw dw vDyry pRcwr qy pRswr kIqw[ ies mgroN iek hor bRwhmx rwmw nMd ny vI ies ivc v`fw rol Adw kIqw[ pMdrvIN sdI dy A^Ir ivc jMimAw, nwfIAw dw iek bRwhmx, cYqMinAw drAsl ivSnUM BgqI dw pihlw Aihm pRcwrk sI[ qkrIbn iesy vyly hI qyilMgwnw dw iek bRwhmx v`lBI vI iesy lihr dw pRcwrk bixAw[ d`Kx-pUrb dy ieh bRwhmx drAsl isr& ivSnUM dy pRcwrk sn jdik Dur-pUrb ivc Ajy vI iSv-pUjw dw hI bolbwlw sI[
rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq dIAW iKAwlI (kwlpink) khwxIAW ivcoN pYdw hoieAw krm-kWf cODvIN sdI qk pMjwb ivc nhIN pu`jw sI (pMjwb ivc rwm qy ikRSn dw „Drm‟ drAsl muslmwn hwkmW dy mulwzm lY ky Awey sn[ ies dIAW pihlIAW jVHW kwSI, mQrw qy AXuiDAw vZYrw ivc lgIAW sn ikauNik rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq kwiv-nwvlW ivc ienHW QWvW dw izkr hY[ rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq kwiv-nwvl vI koeI ie`ko vwrI ivc nhIN sn ilKy gey[ ieh qW 500 (purwxw kwl) qoN sµn 500 (nvW kwl) qk, qkrIbn iek hzwr swl, ik`isAW vWg lok-swihq bxdy, bdldy, inKrdy, Gtdy-vDdy gey[ ienHW ƒ v`K-v`K kvIAW ny keI-keI rUp idqy[
hOlI-hOlI d`KxI eySIAw dy dyvqy iSv, ivSƒ, sUrj, ieµdr kmzor huµdy gey Aqy nvyN imQhws hrmn ipAwry hox lg pey[ ienHW dy hIroAW rwm, ikRSn, hnUmwn ny iSv qy ivSƒ dI QW lY leI[ iSv isr& bµgwl-Awswm ivc, ivSƒ hirduAwr bYlt ivc, sUrj dyvqw krnwtk ivc, ieµdr kwmrUp (Aswm) ivc mihdUd ho gey[ muridAW dIAW AsQIAW pwaux kr ky hrduAwr, ipµf Brn vwsqy gXw BwvyN kw&I h`d qk bcy rhy pr nvyN kyNdr kurUkSyqr, mQrw, AXuiDAw qy iPr m`tn, kpwl mocn qy iphovw bx gey[ hor qW hor kwSI vI hOlI-hOlI AwpxI AhmIAq guAw bYTw[ mOjUdw ihµdU „Drm‟ ienHW iKAwlI (kwlpink) khwxIAW qy imQhws dy hIroAW Aqy krm-kWf dw imlgoBw hY[ iesy kr ky ies „Drm‟ dw koeI p`kw spSt &ls&w nhIN hY qy ies ivc QW-QW ‟qy iek-dUjy dy ivroDI g`lW BrIAW hoeIAW hn[ rwmwiex bwry gWDI ny ikhw sI ik jy rwmwiex nUM ieiqhws dy qOr ‟qy lYxw hovy qW mYN ies nUM r`d kr idAWgw[ Bwrq dy rwStrpqI fw: rwDw ikRSnn ny vI rwmwiex nUM Kwls imQhws ikhw sI[ mOjUdw KojIAW iv`coN romIlw Qwpr (ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw, ijld pihlI, s&w 32) qW mhWBwrq nUM iksy mukwmI ijhy JgVy coN bxI khwxI kihMdI hY Aqy rwmwiex nUM AwrIAW qy ies ielwky dy Asl/mUl vwsIAW dI lVweI dw kwlpink ieiqhws kihMdI hY[ aus dw ieh vI ivcwr hY ik ieh gMg-doAwb dy ikswnW Aqy ivMiDAwn dy purwxy iSkwrI Aqy Bojn iek`Tw krn vwly kbIilAW ivckwr hoeIAW lVweIAW dy plwt coN pYdw hoeI kwlpink khwxI hY qy sRIlMkw dI khwxI iksy ny mgroN pw id`qI ho skdI hY (ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw, ijld pihlI, s&w 32-33)[ auh rwmrwj nUM supinAW dI kwlpink i&lws&I AwKdI hY[
ieslwm dw pRcwr : iek pwsy qW muslm hmlwvrW ny jbrI muslmwn bxwaux dI muihµm clweI hoeI sI, dUjy pwsy musilm Dwrimk pRcwrkW, ^ws kr ky sUPIAW ny l`KW lokW ƒ muslmwn bxwieAw[ ienHW musilm pRcwrkW ivcoN muK ieh sn :
(1) Kvwjw muAeIn-aud-dIn icSqI (sXd ^wndwn dw ieh pRcwrk 1193 ivc id`lI AwieAw qy iPr 1236 ivc Ajmyr clw igAw ijQy aus dI mOq ho geI[ auh kuJ smW lwhOr ivc vI irhw sI[ aus dy mzwr kr ky bhuq swry musilm ies Sihr ƒ Ajmyr-SrI& kihµdy hn qy ie`Qy iebwdq krn AwauNdy hn[ (2) Sy^ kuqb-aud-dIn b^iqAwr kwkI (auh bwrHvIN sdI dy A^Ir ivc ielquqimS vyly id`lI pu`jw sI qy 1235 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[ auh kwPI smW mulqwn ivc vI irhw sI)[ (3) Sy^ PrId-aud-dIn gµj-ie-S`kr (auh mulqwn ivc pYdw hoieAw sI qy aus dw vDyry pRcwr pµjwb ivc sI[ aus dI mOq 1269 ivc AjoDn, hux pwkptn, ivc hoeI sI)[ (4) Sy^ inzwm-aud-dIn AOlIAw (auh Sy^ &rId dw cylw sI[ auh vDyry id`lI ivc irhw, ijQy 1325 ivc aus dI mOq hoeI[ aus dw mzwr muslmwnW vwsqy „iebwdq‟ dI QW hY)[ (5) Sy^ bdr-aud-dIn-ie`Swk (ieh SyK PrId dw juAweI sI qy vDyry kr ky pwkptn ivc hI irhw sI) (6) Sy^ Sr&-aud-dIn (ies dw pRcwr vDry kr ky pwnIpq dy duAwly irhw sI)[
is`K Drm, ieslwm, boDI Drm qy bRwhmxI krm-kWf (ieh Drm kdy vI nhIN sI) dy pRcwr qy prswr ivc iek buinAwdI &rk hY[ buD Drm ASok rwjy v`loN rwj-Drm bxwey jwx mgroN PYilAw qy jdoN boDIAW dw rwj mu`ikAw qW rwjpUq rwijAW ny jbrI ies dw nws kr id`qw[ ieM\ hI ieslwm vDyry kr ky qlvwr nwl PYilAw pr ies dy bwvjUd bhuq swry lokW ny ies nUM kbUl nw kIqw[ A`j dw p`CmI pMjwb Aqy kSmIr vDyry kr ky aunHW lokW dw hI hY jo qlvwr dy fr kwrn jW lwlc ivc muslmwn bxy sn[ sU&I qy hor musilm prcwrkW ny vI bhuq swry lokW nUM muslmwn bxwieAw sI[
kSmIr, pMjwb, bMgwl qy au~qr pRdyS ivc bhuq swry lokW ny ieslwm A^iqAwr kIqw[ ies dw kwrn ieh hY ik ie`QoN dy lokW dw koeI „Drm‟ nhIN sI[ p`Qr qy hor kudrqI Aw&qW dy msnUhI qy klipq dyviqAW dI pUjw koeI jIvn-jwc jW rUhwnIAq nhIN sI isKWdI[ jd ATvI-nOvIN sdI ivc bRwhmxI krm kWf kwiem hoieAw qW aus dw lokW dy mnW Aqy rUhW ‟qy koeI Asr nhIN sI[ auh qW ZYbI qwkqW dy fr qoN Gbrw ky koeI Awswn qrIkw lBdy sn ijhVw dMBI bRwhmxW (pujwrIAW) ny pyS kr ky qy Brmw ky lokW nUM mUrK bxw ilAw sI[ iPr muslmwn jrvwixAW dy zulm qoN frdy lok kwlw ielm, jwdU mMqr, hvn-X`g vZYrw ivcoN „rwKI‟ qy ih&wzq l`Bx dI Aws ivc jogIAW dy cyly qy mgroN „bRwhmxI krm kWfIey‟ bx gey[ ipRQvI rwj cOhwn dI hwr (1192-93) qoN 1507 (gurU nwnk swihb dIAW audwsIAW dI SurUAwq) qk l`KW lok muslmwn bx cuky sn[ ies lihr nUM T`lH gurU nwnk swihb dIAW audwsIAW ny hI pweI sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dy pRcwr dOirAW qoN bwAd eyQoN dy vwsIAW nUM jbrI muslmwn qW bxwieAw igAw ho skdw hY pr auh AwpxI mrzI nwl jW cox nwl jW bRwhmxI krm-kWf qoN bZwvq kr ky muslmwn nhIN bxy sn (hW 1507 qoN mgroN is`K zrUr bxy sn)[
swaUQ eySIAw ivc mOjUdw Bwrq ivc BwvyN muslmwn iesy DrqI dy bwiSMdy hI sn pr aunHW ivc „BwrqI‟ kOmIAq dI soc nhIN[ ies dy do kwrn hn: iek qW Ajoky Bwrq (ijhVw Asl ivc 20-25 dySW dw smUh hY) ivc bhuigxqI dI soc kOmIAq vwlI nhIN blik i&rkU hY[ auh qW ^ud Bwrq nUM dyS nhIN blik ihMdU AKvwaux vwly lokW dI mlkIAq/kbzw/ iejwrydwrI mMndy hn[ dUjw, ieh ielwkw kdy iek nhIN irhw qy ie`Qy iek kOm vwlw Aihsws ho hI nhIN sI skdw[ ieh qW AMgryzW ny isAwsI qy inzwm (pRbMD) dI shUlq vwsqy iek kIqw hoieAw sI[ jy ieh nhIN sI qW kSmIr, nYpwl, brmw, iskm, BUtwn qy kuJ h`d qk iqbq vI ies dw ih`sw bx skdy sn[ ijvyN ik mYN aupr ikhw hY ik ihMdU Drm nhIN blik iek krm-kWf hY ijhVw pWifAW/pujwrIAW ny kwiv nwvlW (iKAwlI khwxIAW) ivcoN pYdw kIqw sI[ isr& is`K Drm hI hY ijs nUM nw qW qlvwr ny qy nw lwlc ny prcwirAw[ ies nUM qW lokW ny ^ud Awpxy-Awp hI ApxwieAw sI[ shI mwAinAW ivc dyiKAw jwey qW isr& is`K Drm dI nINh pMjwb dI im`tI ivc r`KI geI sI qy bwkI swry DrmW dIAW jVHW EprI im`tI ivc sn[ iesy kr ky s`cy qy Asl pMjwbIAW ny is`K Drm ƒ idloN kbUl kIqw[
pMjwb ivc is`K Drm dI SurUAwq qoN pihlW v`K-v`K vyilAW ivc boDIAW, jYnIAW, ihMdUAW, muslmwnW qy jogIAW dw bolbwlw vI irhw sI[ ijvyN pihlW izkr kr cukw hW, ieh Drm keI v`K-v`K kwrnW kr ky pMjwb ivc Awpxw dbdbw kwiem kr sky sn[ pr pMjwbIAW ny ienHW iv`coN koeI Drm vI AwpxI mrzI nwl kbUl nhIN kIqw sI[ bwkI mulkW, twpUAW qy ielwikAW vWg A`j qoN do-iqMn hzwr swl pihlW pMjwb ivc koeI jQybMd Drm nhIN sI[ ieQoN dy lok vI A`g, pwxI, Awsmwn, sUrj, toiBAW, s`pW, jTyry, dr`KqW, phwV, mINh, b`dl vZYrw dI pUjw kirAw krdy sn[ cwlwk lokW ny ienHW kudrqI qbdIlIAW, soimAW qy Aw&qW ƒ dyvI, dyvqy qy blwvW bxw ky Awm lokW ƒ iek Ax-idsdI qwkq dy Zulwm bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ vrnw auN\ pMjwb ivc koeI jQybMd jW jmwqI Drm nhIN sI[
pMjwb dI qwrI^ ivc iksy jmwqI jW jQybMd Drm vjoN sB qoN pihlw nW bu`D Drm dw hI AwauNdw hY[ pMjwb dI qwrI^ BwvyN bu`D Drm dy qwlImI AdwirAW, XUnIvristIAW, sqUpW qy m`TW dw izkr BwvyN bhuqw qW nhIN krdI pr ienHW dy KMfrW qoN pqw lgdw hY ik bu`D Drm ny iksy vyly pMjwb ivc Awpxw bolbwlw kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI[ ies swrw kuJ dy ip`Cy bu`D Drm dw Awpxw Kwsw nhIN blik mhwrwjw ASok dI hkUmq dw „jlvw‟ sI[ rwjy dw Drm Apxwauxw ij`Qy cwplUsI, kmzorI, mjbUrI Aqy idKwvy ivcoN pYdw huMdw hY au~Qy hkUmq dw fr qy ies dI qwkq dI dihSq vI Awpxw rol Adw krdI hY[ iesy kr ky bu`D Drm mhwrwjw ASok dI hkUmq dI Swno-SOkq dy idnW q`k hI PYilAw[ ies qoN bwAd sqvIN-ATvIN sdI ivc rwjpUq rwijAW dI hkUmq Awaux nwl bu`D Drm dy sYNtr Alop hox l`g pey[ ies dI jgHw bRwhmxI krm-kWf dw PYlwA SurU ho igAw qy ies dy nwl hI bu`D Drm dy AdwirAW dy inSwn q`k imtwey jwx lg pey[ nvyN Drm dy “pujwrIAW” ny boDIAW Aqy jYnIAW Aqy hor nvyN rsmoN-irvwj, krm kWf, Dwrimk irvwieqW, pUjw dy qrIky qy sMskwr Apxw ky Awpxw iek krm-kWfI isstm kwiem kr ilAw[ hwlW ik pMjwb ivc jYnIAW dw koeI nW inSwn nhIN sI, pr Bwrq ivcoN vrDmwn mhWvIr dy cyilAW ivcoN keI pMjwb ivc Aw vsy sn Aqy kuJ nvyN hmlwvrW, rwijAW qy AihlkwrW vjoN Awey sn qy Awpxy nwl jYn Drm dIAW Dwrimk irvwieqW qy sMskwr vI lY Awey sn[ iesy kr ky pMjwb ivc PYly nvyN bRwhmxI krm-kWf (ijs ƒ muslmwn hmlwvrW ny „isMDU/ihMdU‟ AwiKAw) ivc boDIAW, jYnIAW Aqy kbwielI irvwieqW qy sMskwrW ny AwpxI jgHw bxw leI[ vkq dy bIqx nwl ieh irvwieqW qy sMskwr iek “Drm” vjoN kwiem ho gey[ pMjwb dw mOjUdw bRwhmxI krm-kWf ienHW v`K-v`K pYtrn vwly sMskwrW, irvwieqW qy AkIdy dy imlgoBy dw Drm hY[ iesy kr ky pMjwb ihMdusqwn, drwvVsqwn, bMgwl, mrh`ty Aqy rwjpUqW dy mulkW qoN v`Krw hY ienHW swirAW dw AkIdw, irvwieqW, sMskwr Aqy pUjw dy qrIky iek dUjy qoN v`Kry hn[
ienHW dy dyvqy vI v`K-v`K sn[ iksy jgHw sUrj sI qy ikqy cMn, iksy jgHw A`g dyvqw sI qy ikqy ieMdr qy b`dl „dyvqy‟ sn[ iksy jgHw iSvjI dyvqw sI qy ikqy ivSƒ[ ieM\ hI iksy ielwky ivc rwjw rwm mkbUl sI qy iksy jgHw rwjw ikRSn[ vkq bIqx nwl ienHW dyvI-dyviqAW dy buq bxn l`gy qy ienHW dy nW ‟qy mMdr vI bxn l`g pey[ ienHW mMdrW ivc bu`qW dI pUjw vI hox l`g peI[ hOlI-hOlI pujwrI jmwq vI kwiem ho geI[ vkq dy bIqx nwl ies jmwq ny v`K-v`K mMdrW ivc hox vwly pUjw pwT ƒ AwpxI rozI dw vsIlw bxw ilAw[ mgroN ies nwl AwpsI mu&wd vI tkrwaux l`g pey[ rwijAW ny dyviqAW dy pujwrIAW ƒ srpRsqI dyxI qy lYxI SurU kr id`qI[ smW bIqx nwl rwijAW ny ies pujwrI jmwq ƒ Awpxy mu&wd vwsqy vrqxw SurU kr id`qw[ ies pYNqVy dy ieh ih`sy vjoN rwijAW ny ienHW pujwrIAW dw AwpsI tkrwA ^qm krvwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI[ kuJ clwk pujwrIAW ny Awpxy kwiem kIqy hoey fyirAW Aqy mMdrW ivc iek qoN vD bu`q r`Kxy SurU kr id`qy qW jo auh hr qrHW dy SrDwlU qoN dwn lY skx[ hOlI-hOlI dyvqy sWJy bxdy gey[ ienHW dI sWJ ‟coN pYdw hoey krm kWf ƒ „ihMdU mq‟ AwiKAw jwx l`g ipAw Aqy ieh nW vI ienHW ny Awp nhIN cuixAw sI blik muslmwnW vloN id`qw igAw sI[ ies nW ƒ XUrpInW qy hor XwqrUAW ny vDyry mkbUlIAq idvweI[ muhMmd gOrI qy hor muslmwn hmlwvwrW dy Awaux qoN bwAd pMjwb ivc ieslwm ny vI pYr pswrny SurU kr id`qy [ ieslwm dy PYlwA ip`Cy fr qy dihSq vDyry sI[ auN\ ies ip`Cy Sy^ PrId vrgy sU&I prcwrkW dy rol dy nwl-nwl jbrI Drm-bdlI Aqy hwkm dy ipCl`g bxn dI kmzorI vI Swiml sI[ ihMdUAW ivc ieslwm dy PYlwA dIAW koiSSW dw twkrw krn dI ihMmq qW kI Awpxy Drm qy klcr dI ih&wzq krn dI jurAq hI nhIN blik auNmId vI ^qm ho cukI sI[ auh swrw kuJ p`Qr qy im`tI dy buqW dy Awsry Aqy ZYbI qwkqW dy rihm ‟qy hI C`fI bYTy sn[ auh rm dy h`k vwsqy ftx qW kI socx leI vI iqAwr nhIN sn[
iesy dOr ivc pMjwb dI srzmIN ‟qy is`K Drm ny jnm ilAw[ pMjwb hI nhIN swry mhWdIp ivc ipCly pMdrW sO swl dI qwrI^ ivc koeI hsqI AYsI nhIN sI ijs ny iksy zwlm hwkm jW dihSqgrd dy i^lw& Awvwz auTweI hovy[ bwbr ƒ “jwbr” AwKxw, rwijAW ƒ “SINh” qy aus dy AihlkwrW ƒ “ku`qy” AwKxw, hmlwvr dI &Oj ƒ “pwp dI jM\” dw nW dyxw, bwbr ƒ “jm” grdwnxw; eys jzIry vwsqy iek AnoKw ienklwb sI[ ies AxK Aqy dlyrI ƒ gurU nwnk dy vwirsW ny vI duhrwieAw[ swry mhWdIp ivc hkUmq ƒ cYlMj krn vwly Dwrimk AwgU qwrI^ ivc pihlI vwr swhvyN Awey sn[ ieh auh vylw sI jdoN ies jzIry dI Aw^rI AxKIlI kOm rwjpUqW ivcoN vI bhuiqAW ny hiQAwr su`t ky AwpxI AxK dw sOdw kr ilAw sI qy auh Akbr qy hor muZlW ƒ AwpxIAW DIAW dy foly dy ky byZYrq AKvwaux l`igAW vI sMg nhIN krdy sn[
Aijhy vyilAW ivc gurU swihb ny lokW ƒ AxK nwl jIx dI jwc isKweI[ gurU swihb ny pMjwbIAW ƒ ij`Qy iek Akwl purK dI hsqI dw Aihsws krvwieAw, au~Qy AxK qy Swn vI id`qI[ gurU swihb dy Drm ny v`fI qoN v`fI qwkq, dihSq, zulm, jbr A`gy isr Jukwaux, byihs hox, dUjy-qIjy drjy dy ienswn bx ky jIx ƒ r`d kIqw[ gurU swihb ny is`KW ivcoN Aihswsy-kmqrI (hIxqw Bwv) ƒ dUr kIqw[ pMjwb dy klcr ivc jo AxK A`j nzr AwauNdI hY auh gurU swihb dI hI dyx hY[ dunIAW Br ivc hwkm kOmW dy pYrokwrW ivc hYNkV dw ipCokV aunHW dy h`Q ivc „qwkq‟ hoxw hY[ ies hYNkV ƒ AxK nhIN AwK skdy ikauNik AxK nwl jIx ivc dUjy ‟qy hkUmq krn dI soc nhIN huMdI blik dUjy dy h`k, vjUd, hsqI vZYrw ƒ kbUl krdy hoey AwpxI S^sIAq ƒ AzwdI nwl vDx Pu`lx dw mwhOl muh`eIAw krnw Swiml huMdw hY[ bhuqIAW hwkm kOmW ivc AxK dI jgHw hYNkV huMdI hY[ ies hYNkV ivc Aksr D`ky-SwhI dy nwl-nwl dUjy DrmW, kOmW, nslW nwl n&rq vI Swml ho jwieAw krdI hY[ is`K Drm ny ienswn ƒ ijs AxK dw qoh&w id`qw hY aus dw Aslw “BY kwhU kau dyq nih, nih BY mwnq Awn]” (s&w 1427) ivc pyS hY[ iek is`K ny ij`Qy Awp AxK nwl jIxw sI, au~Qy dUijAW ƒ vI AxK qy Swno-SOkq nwl jIx dw mwhOl muh`eIAw krnw hY[ A`j is`K-pMjwbIAW dw Awn-Swn nwl jIxw gurU swihb dI lwswnI dyx hY Aqy ieh dyx ZYr-is`KW ivc A`j vI bhuq G`t nzr AwauNdI hY[
ijQy gurU swihb ny inrvYr (BY kwhU kau dyq nih) qy inrBau (nih BY mwnq Awn) dw pYZwm id`qw, au~Qy is`K ƒ mIrI-pIrI dI ie`kqw (Akwl q^q swihb dw &ls&w) Aqy do qlvwrW dy myl qoN bixAw KMfw qy ies dI pwhul vI id`qI[ ieM\ hI “Ssqr ZrIb dI r`iKAw, jrvwxy dI B`iKAw” vwsqy dw pYZwm vI id`qw[ Xwin is`K ny bybs, kmzor, inqwxy dw muhwi&z bxnw hY Aqy zulm dy i^lw& ft ky lVnw hY[ jy is`K iksy dI bWh PVdw hY qW Awpxw isr dy ky vI aus dI r`iKAw krdw hY[ ZrIb dI bWh PVnw qy zulm dy i^lw& lVnw, is`K dI ^UbI hY Aqy ieh gurU swihb dI dyx hI hY[ pr, iek g`l bVI kwbly-ZOr hY ik gurU swihb ny is`K nUM id`qI qlvwr nUM ikRpwn (Awn vwsqy ikRpw nwl vrqxw) bxw id`qw[
iksy dw ipCl`g kdy nw bxn jW rihx dI soc A`j is`KW dI kOmI ^UbI hY[ ies dw ipCokV vI gurU swihb vloN is`K ƒ “isrdwrI” dI b^iSS hI hY[ hr is`K Kwlsw hY[ Kwlsw ArbI zbwn ‟coN AwieAw l&z hY[ ies dw mwAnw hY: “auh zmIn jo bwdSwh dI is`DI AwpxI hovy, Xwin pUrI qrHW Awzwd/^udmu^iqAwr”[ Akwl purK dy Kwlsy dw mqlb ieh vI hY: “Akwl purK dI is`DI irAwieAw[” is`K Awpxy Aqy Akwl purK dy ivckwr koeI vjUd nhIN mMndw[ rUhwnI qy isAwsI ^udmu^iqAwrI Kwlsy dw Kwsw hY [ iesy isrdwrI qy ^udmu^iqAwrI ny pMjwbIAW ivc iksy dw “ipCl`g nw bxn” dI soc pYdw kIqI[ pMjwb dy klcr ƒ ieh dyx vI gurU swihb dI hI hY[ ieh g`l hYrwnI vwlI hY ik ieh “isrdwrI”, “^udmu^iqAwrI” Aqy “^uddwrI” dI soc pMjwb dy ZYr-is`KW ivc “iek kOmI ^UbI” vjoN A`j vI vjUd nhIN r`KdI[
gurU swihb ny pMjwb ivcoN pujwrI jmwq v`loN pYdw kIqI “zwq-pwq” dI n&rq ƒ ^qm krn ivc vI Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ gurU kwl qoN pihlW pMjwb ivc bRwhmx, KqrI Aqy rwjpUq dw drjw qrKwx, j`t, sYxI, kMbo, lubwxy qoN ikqy aucyrw sI[ pr gurU swihb ny “lMgr, sMgq qy pMgq” ivc ij`Qy “AKOqI v`fy dI hMkwrI soc” dw ^wqmw kIqw auQy “AKOqI-Coty dy Aihswsy-kmqrI” ƒ vI jlwvqn kIqw[ is`K qwrI^ qy is`K klcr ivc BweI lwlo qrKwx, mUlw KqrI, bwbw bu`Fw j`t, cMgw BwtVw, mrdwnw imrwsI, lihxw KqrI, mMfI dw rwjpUq rwjw, pMfq bRhm dyv (m`tn) swirAW dw ieko drjw sI[ dsm pwiqSwh vyly vI BweI jIvn isMG rMGrytw, BweI mnI isMG prmwr-rwjpUq, BweI ikrpw rwm (isMG) d`q-pMfq, BweI hzwrI-BMfwrI-drbwrI bwxIey, bwbw drbwrw isMG CINbw, BweI gurid`qw rMDwvw-j`t, pwilq zorwvr isMG qrKwx, BweI gursw isMG ghUxIAw-sYxI Aqy hor zwqW vwly ikqy vI v`K-v`K nzr nhIN AwauNdy[ gurU swihb ny ij`Qy zwq-pwq, AmIr-grIb, au~cy nIvyN dI drjwbMdI ^qm kIqI au~Qy AKOqI-mwrSl zwq dw Brm vI qoiVAw[ guurU swihb ny KMfy dI pwhul hwisl krn vwly hr is`K ƒ mwrSl bxw ky kuJ ^ws kOmW dw mwrSl hox dI mnwplI dw Brm vI qoV id`qw[ ijhVy pMjwbI lok, ZznvI, bwbr, AOrMgzyb dIAW &OjW dw nW sux ky vI sihm jWdy sn, aunHW ƒ KMfy dI pwhul ny AmlI rUp ivc Syr bxw id`qw[ is`KW ivc bhwdrI dI kOmI ^UbI „KMfy dI pwhul‟ dI dyx hY[ A`j vI pwhulDwrI Aqy pwhul-hIx dy jzbwq iv`coN ies nUM vyiKAw jw skdw hY[
is`KW ivc isr& bhwdrI hI nhIN, kurbwnI dI rUh vI BrpUr hY[ ies dw mu`F vI 30 meI 1606 dy idn gurU Arjn swihb dI Shwdq nwl b`Jdw hY[ gurU Arjn swihb swaUQ-eySIAw jzIry dI qvwrI^ dy pihly ShId sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny pUry pirvwr dIAW kurbwnIAW dy ky Awn qy Swn dI izMdgI vwsqy jUJx qy kurbwn hox dw jo sbk id`qw auh A`j is`K-suBwA dw iek Aihm ih`sw hY[ is`K pMQ ny kurbwnI krn dI ies Bwvnw ƒ gurU swihb qoN mgroN vI keI vwr zwhrw kr ky ivKwieAw[ ATwrvIN sdI dy Cy-s`q dhwky jUJxw, is`KW qy AMgryzW dIAW lVweIAW, Zdr pwrtI, AkwlI lihr, gurU dw bwZ Aqy jYqo dy morcy, bbr AkwlI lihr, mulk dI AwzwdI dI j`dojihd ivc is`KW dw ih`sw, pMjwbI sUbw morcw, Drm Xu`D morcw, KwVkU lihr vZYrw gurU swihb v`loN is`KW nUM imlI jUJx Aqy kurbwnI dyx dI guVHqI dw hI nqIjw sn[
is`K-pMjwb ivc “BweIcwrk soc” gurU swihb dI hI dyx hY[ ies dI nINh gurU nwnk swihb dy ikrq krn qy vMf Ckx dy &ls&y ivc mOjUd hY[ gurU nwnk swihb dw hukm hY ik hr ie`k is`K AwpxI AKOqI-injI kmweI qy jwiedwd ƒ BweIcwry dI sWJI dOlq mMny[ ies ƒ kimaUinst &ls&y qoN v`KirAwauxw bVw zrUrI hY[ kimaUinst &ls&y ivc mulk dI swrI dOlq jbrI qOr ‟qy srkwrI bx jWdI hY[ pr is`K &ls&y ivc „vMf Ckxw‟ ToisAw nhIN igAw[ ieh AwpxI cox nwl hY[ hr is`K dw Dwrimk qy rUhwnI &rz hY ik auh Awpxy cOigrdy ivc loVvMdW dI mdd kry[ ieh v`KrI g`l hY ik A`j bhuq swry is`K ies &ls&y qoN auKV cuky hn pr gurU swihb dy vyly qoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qoN pihlW q`k is`KW ivc BweIcwrk sWJ eynI sI ik isKW ivc ZrIbI, Bu`K, QuV dw nW inSwn qk nhIN sI huMdw[ audoN AsIN gurU dy rsqy ‟qy cldy sI qy hux AsIN aus rsqy qoN bhuq dUr hW[ ^Yr g`l qW &ls&y dI kr irhw hW[ gurU nwnk swihb dw vMf Ckx dw &ls&w mgroN dsvyN pwiqSwh vyly q`k “dsvMD” dy nW hyT iek jmwq (ieMstIicaUSn) vjoN kwiem ho igAw sI[ gurU swihb vyly swry is`KW dw dsvMD gurU swihb dy drbwr ivc pu`jdw sI qy ies nwl aunHW dy q^q swihb qoN loVvMd is`KW dI mdd kIqI jwieAw krdI sI[ iesy rkm ivcoN QuV vwly qy hMgwmI hwlq vwly ielwikAW ivc mdd phuMcweI jwieAw krdI sI[ v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc kwl pYx jW iksy hor hMgwmI hwlq vyly mdd phuMcwaux, KUh lwaux, bwaulIAW bxwaux qy lMgr clwaux dw izkr is`K qwrI^ ‟c vwr-vwr AwauNdw hY[
ieM\ hI lMgr dI ieMstIicaUSn vI is`KW ivc BweIcwrk sWJ dI inSwnI hY[ lMgr ‟c ieko ijhw Kwxw, ieko qrIky nwl Ckx nwl, is`KW ivc iek Gr dy jIA hox dw Aihsws pYdw hoxw SurU ho igAw[ lMgr dw sbk is`K ny isr& lMgr hwl ivc hI nhIN Apxwauxw blik gurduAwrw kMplYks qoN bwhr, izMdZI ivc vI Aml ivc ilAwauxw sI[ mYN ieh dwAvw nhIN krdw ik hr is`K ivc ieh soc A`j vI hY pr G`to-G`t ATHwrvIN sdI dy A^Ir q`k ieh soc zrUr kwiem sI[ ieh dyx vI gurU swihb dI hI sI ik KqrI, AroVy, bRwhmx qy rwjpUq lok j`t, cmwr qy BMgI dy h`Q dI p`kI qy aus v`loN proeI hoeI rotI Kwx l`g pey[ gurU swihb ny CUq-Cwq dI soc ƒ is`K klcr ‟coN Kqm kr id`qw[ jy koeI is`K CUq-Cwq dI soc nwl ijaUNdw hY qW auh XkInn gurU swihb dI is`iKAw qoN kohW dUr hY[
dunIAW ivc syvw dI Bwvnw vI gurU swihb dI dyx hY[ is`K klcr ivc syvw krnw iek mwx vwlI g`l smJI jWdI hY[ nIvyN qoN nIvyN kMm vwlI syvw krnw, hr s`cw is`K Awpxw &rz smJdw hY[ gurduAwry ivc JwVU dyx, &rS sw& krn, lMgr dy jUTy BWfy mWjx vwsqy is`K iek dUjy koloN syvw Kohx dI koiSS krdy hn[ mgroN (mhwrwjw) rxjIq isMG ny is`KW ivc jgIrdwr jmwq pYdw kr ky is`KI ivc BweIcwrk brwbrqw GtweI[ ies nwl kOmI p`Dr ‟qy Awm is`KW ivc AKOqI-reIsW ivc is`KW dI Bwvnw kuJ h`d qk Gt geI[ pr ies dy bwvjUd kOmI p`Dr ‟qy Awm is`KW ivc syvw hmySw mwx vwlI g`l hY qy rhygI[ ieh soc ZYr-is`KW ivc jW qW iblkul mOjUd nhIN hY qy jy zrw-mwsw hY qW auh isr& is`KI &ls&y dy nUr qoN auDwr ley cwnx kr ky hI hY[
gurU swihb ny pMjwb ‟c myly mnwaux dy qrIky ƒ vI Asr-AMdwz kIqw[ gurU swihb vyly qk pMjwb dy AslI biSMdy isrP mOsmI iqauhwr bsMq qy ivswKI vZYrw qy vfyirAW dy idn idhwVy hI mnwauNdy sn[ kuJ ihMdU lok holI, ivswKI qy dIvwlI vI mnwauNdy sn[auN\ ieh iqauhwr rOlw, qmwSy, niSAW qy KrUd mcwaux qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN huMdy sn[ gurU swihb ny holI ƒ holw mh`lw bxw ky ies ƒ mwrSl pwhul id`qI, ivswKI ƒ rUhwnIAq dy mwhOl ivc rMg id`qw, mwGI ƒ Dwrimkqw dI pwn cVHweI[ ienHW iqauhwrW ƒ KyfW, kIrqn qy BweIcwrk sWJ ivc bdilAw[
gurU swihb ny pMjwbIAW ivc dil`dr ^qm krn vwsqy AMimRq vyly (svKqy) au~T ky, ieSnwn kr ky, sMgq nwl sWJ pwaux dw roznwmcw id`qw[ A`j is`KW ivc &urqI, qyzI, cusqI qy A`gy-A`gy pulWGW pu`tx dI jo soc hY auh iesy roznwmcy dw nqIjw hY[ A`j dy is`K swry glob ‟qy ihMmqI Aqy AgWh-vDU ienswnW vjoN jwxy jWdy hn qW ies ip`Cy is`KW ivcoN dil`dr dI jlwvqnI dw vI Aihm rol hY[ ieh vI gurU swihb dw is`K lokweI ƒ lwswnI qoh&w hY[
ieM\ hI is`KW ivc jmHW-p`KI soc vI gurU swihb dI hI dyx hY[ is`K vwsqy n&I soc, inMmoJUxqw, hwr vZYrw Epry i^Awl hn[ A`gy vDxw, auNmId r`Kxw, auswrU phuMc Apxwauxw is`K dw Kwsw hY[ ies Kwsy ƒ is`K bolW ivc “cVHdI klw” AwiKAw jWdw hY[ ies cVHdI klw ny is`KW ivc iek lwswnI rUp Dwr ilAw hY[ is`K dy Gr ivc b`cy dw jnm hovy, ivAwh SwdI hovy jW koeI cVHweI kr jwvy ies swrw kuJ vwsqy is`K pwT qy kIrqn krvwauNdw hY[ Xwin is`K vwsqy ^uSI-ZmI, Gwtw-n&w sB iek hn[ lokweI ƒ ieh dyx vI gurU swihb dI hI hY[
smu`cy qOr ‟qy ieh AwiKAw jw skdw hY ik gurU swihb ny is`KW ƒ AxK nwl jIxw, cVHdI klw, jmHW-p`KI soc, ikrq krnw, vMf Ckxw, dsvMD, syvw, lMgr, sMgq qy pMgq Xwin BweIcwrk sWJ, infrqw, inrvYrqw, sWJIvwlqw, zwq-pwq rihq smwj, bhwdrI, dlyrI, ^uddwrI, Swn nwl jIx dI hu`b, vwihgurU dw Bwxw mMnx Aqy srbq dw Blw mMgx dI jwc d`sI[ ieh v`KrI g`l hY ik dMBI is`K gurU swihb dI d`sI jIvn jwc qy Aml nhIN krdy[ auN\ gurU swihb nUM rihq ipAwrI hY is`K dw isr& bwhrI srUp nhIN ipAwrw[
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)