Canal Colonies Bill, Ghadr, Akali Movement, Babar Akalis

is`KW ivc isAwsI jwgo dI SurUAwq
(1907-1925)
{All this material is copy right of Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer)
kYnwl klonIz ib`l (1907)
AjIq isμG qy lwjpq rwey dI igR&qwrI
lwjpq rwey v`loN ‘muAw&I’
lwjpq rwey ny kys ktvwey
Zdr lihr (1913-18)
Zdr pwrtI dw bxnw
Zdr dI plwinMg
kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz
bjbj Gwt dw swkw
Bwg isMG, bqn isMG qy myvw isMG lopoky dIAW ShIdIAW
ZdrI kwrvweIAW
muk`dmy qy szwvW
Zdr &ylH hox dI vjh
Zdr lihr isr& is`K ienklwb hI sI
kYdI pirvwr shwiek kmytI
Zdr pwrtI dI ZYr-pMjwbI lIfriSp dw lyKw joKw
lwlw hridAwl
prmw nMd
lwlw lwjpq rwey
swvrkr
knyfw dI qsvIr
is`K lIg dI kwiemI Aqy ies dw rol (1919-20)
gurduAwrw suDwr lihr (AkwlI lihr)
drbwr swihb dw dsqUr-ie-Aml
gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dw mu`F
rkwb gμj dI dIvwr Fwhuxw (1914)
AkwlI lihr dI SurUAwq
rozwnw ‘AkwlI’ A^bwr
ArUV isμG srbrwh ƒ htwauxw
gurduAwrw cumwlw swihb
gurduAwrw bwby dI byr
Akwl q^q swihb Aqy drbwr swihb ’qy kbzw (10.12.1920)
SRomxI gurdAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dw kwiem hoxw
SRomxI kmytI kwiem hoxoN rokx vwsqy srkwrI kmytI
pihlI SRomxI kmytI dy mYNbrW dy nW
gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dI dIvwr bwry srdUl isMG kvISr dI ic`TI
Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr dw kμtrol
gurduAwrw pμjw swihb ’qy kbzw
AkwlI dl dw jnm
qrnqwrn swihb dw ShIdI swkw
kyr swihb, mwCI ky, SyKUpurw qy KfUr swihb
nwnkwxw swihb dy hwlwq
nwnkwxw swihb ’c kqlyAwm (20.2.1921)
kqlyAwm qoN mgroN dy hwlwq
ihMdUAW v`loN mhMq dI Ais`DI ihmwieq
gWDI v`loN is`KW nUM nwimlvrqx v`l tornw
nwnkwxw ivc is`KW dIAW igR&qwrIAW qy BwrI szwvW
gWDI ny Akwl q^q qoN hukmnwmw jwrI krvwieAw
kwlIAW dsqwrW
mhμq dy mukdmy dw &Yslw
AMgryz j`j ny irSvq lY ky mhMq dI szw GtweI
BweI jogw isμG dw gurduAwrw
kmwlIAw dw gurduAwrw
gurduAwrw ib`l pws krn dI pihlI koiSS
cwbIAW dw morcw
srkwr ny hiQAwr su`ty
Bwrq dI AwzwdI dI pihlI lVweI
jbr dw qIjw dOr
durigAwxw mμdr dI nINh rKxw
gurU dw bwg dw morcw
gurU dw bwg ’c is`KW dI zwlmwnw mwr-kut SurU
srkwr ny iPr hwr mMnI
pμjw swihb dw swkw
mukqsr ’qy kbzw
jylH ivc KVk isMG dI p`g lwhI, nMgy ipMfy rihxw SurU kIqw
Anμdpur swihb ’qy kbzw
AMimRqsr (srovr) kwr syvw
sony dIAW khIAW nwl kwr syvw dw ivroD
SRomxI kmytI dI iek hor mnmiq
jYqo dw morcw (1924)
jYqo kqlyAwm (21.2.1924)
kONsl coxW ivc AkwlIAW dI BwrI ij`q
BweI PyrU morcw
jYqo nUM ShIdI jQw ’qy golIAW
SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI qy AkwlI dl ZYr-kwƒnI krwr
is`K srkwr smJOqy dIAW koiSSW
SrqW nwl AwgUAW dIAW irhweIAW
gurduAwrw AYkt dw bxnw
bbr AkwlI lihr (1921-1926)
bbrW dy kuJ Aihm kwrnwmy
muK ShIdI swky
igR&qwrIAW, muk`dmy qy szwvW
bbr lihr ^qm hox qoN bwAd dy kuJ kwrnwmy

is`KW ivc isAwsI jwgo dI SurUAwq
kYnwl klonIz ib`l, AjIq isμG qy lwjpq rwey
1870 qoN mgroN AμgryzW ny pμjwb ivc bhuq swrIAW nihrW k`F ky pμjwb dy kuJ izilHAW ivc KyqW vwsqy pwxI dw mslw h`l kr idqw[ ienHW izilHAW ivc mu`K qOr ’qy lwielpur (hux &Yslwbwd), imμtgumrI (hux swhIvwl) qy gujrWvwlw dI Sy^Upurw qihsIl sn[ srkwr ny pμjwb dy v`K-v`K ielwikAW qoN ikswnW ƒ ienHW izilHAW ivc Aw ky zmInW lY ky vwhI krn vwsqy pryirAw[ aunHW ƒ srkwr ny bhuq swrIAW shUlqW vI idqIAW[ hzwrW ikswnW ny dUr-drwifEN Aw ky, KUb imhnq kr ky ies ielwky dI zmIn ƒ sonw bxw id`qw[ ies nwl ikswn ^uShwl qW hoey hI, srkwr ƒ vI cμgI coKI Awmdn vI hoeI[

1900 ivc srkwr ny ienHW zmInW qoN hor vDyry Awmdn krn dI skIm hyT ‘lYNf AYlInySn AYkt’ bxw idqw[ ies kwƒn muqwibk zmInW vwhux vwly hux zmInW dy mwlk nhIN blik ‘ikrweydwr’ sn[ auh A`goN nw qW zmIn vyc skdy sn qy nw ies dI vsIAq kr skdy sn[ ies mgroN 1904 iv`c ‘pμjwb ilmItySn AYkt’ Aqy 1905 ivc ‘pμjwb pRI-AYmpSn AYkt’ bxw idqy gey[ sB qoN AwKrI sI ‘kYnwl klonIz AYkt’[ ies Aw^rI AYkt hyT nihrI pwxI dy ryt bhuq vDw idqy gey, ikswnW ƒ AwpxIAW zmInW qoN hI dr^q k`tx qoN rok idqw igAw qy ikswn mwlk dI QW iek iksm dy ‘vwhk’ hI bx gey[ ieh AYkt isr& nihrI klonIAW (izilAW) qk hI mihdUd nhIN sn blik smu`cy pμjwb dy ikswnW ’qy lwgU huμdy sn[

ienHw cohW kwƒnW ny nihrI izilHAW dy ikswnW dw glw Gu`t idqw[ ienHW ikswnW ivcoN 90% is`K sn[ pihly iqMn AYkt pws hox qk qW ikswn cup rhy sn pr kYnwl klonIz AYkt mgroN auh roh ivc Aw gey[ aunHW ny ies AYkt ƒ ‘gulwmI dw cwrtr’ krwr idqw qy ies dy nwl hI hr pwsy pRotYst hox dy Awswr bxn lg pey[ sB qoN pihlw pRotYst mwrc 1907 ivc audoN hoieAw jdoN pμjwb lY&tInYNt gvrnr cwrls irvz ƒ ivdwiegI pwrtI idqI jw rhI sI[ ies mOky ’qy Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr dy ividAwrQIAW ny zbrdsq ros muzwhrw kIqw[ ies muzwhry dI AgvweI qwrw isμG (mgroN mwstr qwrw isμG) kr irhw sI[ pμjwb Aqy Bwrq dIAW A^bwrW ivc ies muzwhry dw ^Ub crcw hoieAw[ Swied iehI muzwhrw sI ijs ny AμgryzW qoN Awzwd hox dI lihr dw mu`F binHAw sI[
21 ApRYl 1907 dy idn rwvlipμfI ivc vI ikswnW ny zbrdsq ros muzwhrw kIqw[ ies muzwhry ivc iek Swier bWky ibhwrI ny ‘p`gVI sμBwl j`tw…’ nzm pVH ky ikswnW ƒ roh ivc lY AWdw[ KtkV klW dy AjIq isμG ny ies mOky ’qy AμgryzW dy i^lw& bVI roh-BrI qkrIr kIqI[ aus ny qW eyQoN qk ikhw ik ‘‘qusIN (ikswn) mulk dy Asl hwkm ho qy rwjy quhwfy kμmI hn qy ifptI kimSnr, suprfYNt pulIs Aqy srkwr dy mu`KI A&sr quhwfy nOkr hn[’’ aus ny ikswnW ƒ ikhw ik jd qk srkwr pwxIAW dy ib`l GtwauNdI nhIN au~doN qk Psl bIjxI bμd kr dyx[ aus ny lokW ƒ ikhw ik auh srkwrI A&srW ƒ slwm nw kirAw krn Aqy srkwr dy JolI cukW qy AwnryrI A&srW dw bweIkwt kirAw krn[ (hom pulItIkl ifpwizt, julweI 1907, s&w 8)[

AjIq isμG dI ies bwZIAwxw qkrIr ’qy ifptI kimSnr (fI.sI.) ny aus ƒ Aqy pRotYst jlsy dy hor AwgUAW ƒ noits jwrI kr ky 2 meI ƒ pbilk ienkuAwierI vwsqy pyS hox leI qlb kr ilAw[ aus idn sYNkVy lok fI.sI. dy d&qr dy bwhr iek`Ty ho gey[ gVbV qoN fridAW aus ny ienkuAwierI mulqvI kr id`qI pr ies dy nwl hI bhuq swry AwgU igR&qwr vI kr ley[ ienHW ivcoN 68 bμidAW ’qy spYSl mijstryt dI Adwlq ivc muk`dmw clwieAw igAw[

rwvlipμfI dy muzwhry Aqy igR&qwrIAW dI ^br pμjwb ivc swry pwsy PYl geI[ lwhOr ivc ies dy i^lw& pRotYst hoieAw[ lok iek hjUm dI Skl ivc mwl rof ’qy inkl pey[ GoVsvwr pulIs ny ienHW ƒ GoiVAW dy pYrW hyT ilqwiVAw Aqy vihSI qrIky nwl lwTIAW mwr-mwr ky z^mI kIqw[ ies dy bwvjUd lok Awpxy roh dw iezhwr krdy rhy[

ies dIAW ^brW &Oj ivc bYTy pμjwbIAW qk vI phuμcIAW[ 26 pμjwb ien&YNtrI ivc bhuq swry jvwn nihrI klonIAW vwly ielwikAW ivcoN sn[ aunHW ny vI lokW dI AYjItySn nwl hmdrdI dw iezhwr kIqw[ aunHW ivcoN keI qW bZwvq dIAW g`lW vI krn lg pey[ BwvyN auh bμdUkW cuk ky sVk ’qy nhIN Awey pr srkwr ƒ Aihsws hox lg ipAw ik loV pYx ’qy ieh &OjI muzwhrInW Aqy bwZIAW nwl rl skdy hn[ &Irozpur dy iek iek`T ivc ienHW ivcoN kuJ &OjI Awp vI Swiml hoey[ drAsl ienHW ivcoN bhuqy &OjI is`K sn Aqy Dwrimk dIvwnW ivc pihlW vI jWdy

rihμdy sn[ hux Dwrimk dIvwnW ivc vI srkwr dy D`kySwhI AYkt Aqy zulm dw crcw hox lg ipAw sI[ gurduAwirAW ivc lok Aksr srkwr dy i^lw& g`lW krn lg pey sn[ ikauNik 90% ikswn is`K sn, ies kr ky ieh lihr vDyry kr ky is`K lihr hI bx geI qy ies dw bhuqw Asr vI is`K bhuigxqI izilHAW ivc hI irhw sI[

lwielpur ivc KtkV ipμf dy svrn isμG qy ikSn isμG BrwvW (AjIq isMG dy BrwvW) ny ies mwhOl ivc bhuq swrIAW Aμgryz-ivroDI ilKqW Cwp ky lokW ivc vμfIAW[ jdoN srkwr ƒ ienHW ilKqW dI sUh imlI qW ienHW ƒ zbq kr ilAw igAw pr audoN qk ieh hzwrW ipμfW ivc pu`j cukIAW sn[
ienHW idnW ivc hI lwhOr ivc vI nihrI klonIAW bwry kwƒn ^ws kr ky Aqy AμgryzI srkwr dy i^lw& Awm kr ky roh vD irhw sI[ lwlw lwjpq rwey vkIl ny vI 21-22 mwrc qy 6 ApRYl 1907 ƒ ies kwƒn dy i^lw& BVkwaU qkrIrW kIqIAW sn qy lokW ƒ pwxI dy ibl nw dyx vwsqy ikhw sI[ AjIq isμG ny lwhOr dy brYflw hwl ivc srkwr dy i^lw& iek bVI roh BrI qkrIr kIqI sI[

AjIq isμG qy lwjpq rwey dI igR&qwrI
ieh swrw kuJ pμjwb dy gvrnr ny Aμgryz vwiesrwey Aqy lμfn ivc ieμfIAw Awi&s ƒ ilK ByijAw sI[ sI.AweI.fI. dIAW h&qwvwr irportW ivc izkr imldw hY ik srkwr ies AYjItySn qoN bhuq i&krmμd sI[ A^Ir srkwr ny PYslw kIqw ik 1818 dy AYkt hyT lwjpq rwey qy AjIq isμG ƒ igRPqwr kr ky nzrbμd kr idqw jwvy[ lwjpq rwey ƒ 9 meI qy AjIq isμG ƒ 3 jUn 1907 ƒ igRPæqwr kr ilAw igAw qy pμjwb qoN bwhr mWfly (hux brmw dyS) irport kr idqw[ ienHW igR&qwrIAW dy i^lwP pμjwb ivc keI QWeIN pRotYst hoey[ pr srkwr ienHW ros ibAwnW qoN izAwdw i&krmμd nhIN sI ikauN ik lwlw lwjpq rwey qW srkwr ƒ AwpxI mwsUmIAq vwsqy Arz-Bry ^q (iek iksm dy muAwPæInwmy) ilK irhw sI qy hornW qoN vI AwpxI irhweI vwsqy ApIlW ilKvw irhw sI[

lwjpq rwey v`loN ‘muAw&I’ mMgxw
lwjpq rwey ny 22 sqμbr 1907 ƒ mWfly qoN sYktrI AwP styt ƒ ilKy ^q ivc iliKAw sI: ‘mYN lwhOr jW rwvlipμfI ivc hoey &swd ivc ih`sw nhIN ilAw sI[ mYN iksy ƒ ienHW muzwihrAW ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy BVkwieAw vI nhIN sI qy nw hI koeI bwZIAwnw qkrIr kIqI sI[ mYN qW srkwrI hukmW dI kwƒn hyT rih ky hI ivroDqw kIqI sI[ mYN kdy vI ihμsk jW ZYr kwƒnI qrIky vrqx dy h`k ivc nhIN hW qy nw hI Aijhy ivcwrW vwly lokW nwl sbμD rKdw hW[’
pihlW ihμdUAW dy iek v`fy AwgU gopwl ikRSn goKly ny vI 10 jUn 1907 ƒ vwiesrwey dy pRweIvyt sk`qr ƒ iek Kq ilK ky lwjpq rwey ƒ irhw krn dI Arz kIqI sI[ goKly ny iliKAw sI: ‘‘AjIq isμG qy lwjpq rwey ƒ ieko ijhw krwr dyxw lwjpq rwey nwl zwlmwnw byienswPæI hY[ &rvrI ivc jdoN mYˆ lwhOr ivc sI qW AjIq isμG lwjpq rwey ƒ iek buzidl Aqy srkwrI bμdw kihx lg ipAw sI[” (siqAw AYm. rwey, pMjwb hIroiek trYfISn 1900-47, s&w 21)[

lwjpq rwey nwl hmdrdI r`Kx vwlIAW A^bwrW ihμdUsqwn Aqy pμjwbI ny aus dy h`k ivc AYfItorIAl ilK ky Aqy ibAwn Cwp ky aus dI irhweI dI mμg kIqI[ ienHW A^bwrW ny lwjpq rwey dI igRPqwrI ƒ bdlw-laU kwrvweI ikhw Aqy aus (lwjpq) ƒ mwsUm, iensw& psμd, Amn kwƒn dw pwbμd ienswn krwr idqw (ihμdU 17 meI 1907, pμjwbI meI 1907, siqAw AYm. rwey, pμjwb hIroiek trYfISn, s&w 21-22)[

siqAw AYm. rwey dw ivcwr hY ik “lwjpq rwey hux muAw&IAW qy auqr AwieAw sI qy hornW koloN vI hmdrdI qy rihm dIAW ApIlW krvw irhw sI[” lwjpq rwey pihlW Apxy lyKW ivc ‘^Un dw bdlw ^Un’ dIAw g`lW vI krdw huμdw sI[ auh sU&I Aμbw pRswd, AjIq isμG Aqy hYdr rzw vrigAW dy sohly vI gwauNdw huMdw sI[ auh lokW ƒ tYks nw dyx vwsqy vI BVkwauNdw sI[

drAsl lwjpq rwey AijhIAW g`lW krdw huμdw sI[ auh kWgrs dI iF`lV qy purAmn pwlsI dI SryAwm mu^wl&q krdw sI pr AμdroN auh jQybμdI qoN tu`tx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI[ auh v`fy nwAry lwauNdw sI pr igR&qwrI qoN frdw sI qy iesy kr ky jdoN aus ƒ igR&qwr kr ky mWfly Byj idqw igAw qW auh ApIlW, muAw&IAW, is&wrSW Aqy sPæweI pyS krn ’qy Aw igAw[ sYktrI Aw& styt ƒ aus dI AwpxI ic`TI Aqy goKly qy lwrf mOrly vloN aus dy h`k ivc ilKy ^q qy ibAwn iek iksm dI ‘ibnW Srq muAw&I’ sn[

A^Ir srkwr ny lwjpq rwey qy AjIq isMG ƒ 18 nvμbr 1907 dy idn irhw kr idqw[ irhweI mgroN lwjpq rwey cup kr ky Gr bYT igAw pr AjIq isμG ny ienklwbI kwrvweIAW jwrI rKIAW[

lwjpq rwey ny kys ktvwey
iek idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik ies vyly qk lwjpq rwey is`KI srUp ivc sI[ aus ny kys-dwVHI swbq r`Ky hoey sn Aqy auh dwVHI bμnHdw sI[ hux buzidlI ny aus dI S^sIAq eynI nIvIN kr id`qI sI ik aus dy Aμdr dw is`K vI mr igAw sI qy aus ny kys ktvw ley qy pUrw “lwlw” bx igAw qy Awpxy Awp ƒ ‘lwlw lwjpq rwey’ ilKx lg ipAw[

kwlonweIzySn ib`l sbμDI msly ’qy srkwr ny fUμGI ivcwr kIqI[ kuJ A&srW dw ivcwr sI ik keI nihrI klonIAW swbk &OjIAW dIAW vsweIAW hoeIAW hn qy dUjw, ieh &OjI BrqI vwsqy sB qoN vDIAw sYNtr hn[ srkwr ny ieh vI mihsUs kIqw ik isr& pwxI Aqy zmInI h`kW dI j`dojihd bZwvq dI lihr dI zmIn nw bx jwvy ies kr ky lwrf imμty ny ies ib`l ƒ vIto kr idqw Aqy nwl hI zmIn-tYks Aqy pwxI ryt vI Gtw id`qy[

BwvyN iek vwr qW ieh mslw kuJ h`d qk h`l ho igAw pr Arjn isμG (ipqw AjIq isμG), AjIq isμG, aus dy Brw ikSn isμG (ipqw Bgq isμG), Dnpq rwey
vkIl, izAw aul h`k, sU&I Aμbw pRswd vZYrw ny ‘ienklwbI’ kwrvweIAW jwrI r`KIAW[ aunHW ny bhuq swry trYkt qy ikqwbW Cwp ky lokW ƒ phuμcw ky Aμgryz srkwr dy i^lw& bwZIAwnw mwhOl bxweI r`iKAw[ hux srkwr Pyr hrkq ivc AweI Aqy bwZI lyKkW ƒ igR&qwr kr ky lμbIAW szwvW id`qIAW[ aus vyly AjIq isμG buSihr (eIrwn) ivc sI[ jd aus ƒ pqw lgw ik srkwr aus dI igR&qwrI krvwauxw cwhuμdI hY qW auh au~QoN vI Zwieb ho igAw[
hux BwvyN iek vwr qW 1907-1908 dI lihr ^qm ho geI sI pr iPr vI ihμdU lIfr is`KW ƒ bZwvq Aqy mwrSl kwrvweIAW vwsqy BVkwauNdy rihμdy sn[ 29 dsμbr 1908 dy idn kYkstn hwl lμfn ivc ibpn cμdr pwl ny iek qkrIr kridAW ikhw: pμjwb Ajy mirAw nhIN Aqy Awpxy mn dIAW A`KW nwl vyK skdw hW ik is`K Awpxy h`Q ivc qlvwr PVI kurbwnIAW kr rhy hn qy kih rhy hn ik ‘mYˆ inSwny vwsqy Awpxw isr vwr id`qw hY, Awpxw AkIdw nhIN[’ (AYm.AYl. AwhlUvwlIAw, &rIfm strgl ien ieMfIAw 1858-1900, s&y 355-56)[ Boly is`K Aijhy aukswaU lYkcrW ƒ sux ky AμnHI jdojihd ivc ClWg lgwaux vwsqy Aksr iqAwr ho jWdy hn[

iehI siprt is`KW dy nyVy rihx vwly dUjy pμjwbIAW ivc vI sI[ ies dI iek imswl ieh hY:
jUn 1909 ivc gxyS vIr swvrkr ny lμfn ivc ieμjnIAirμg dw kors mukw ky pμjwb prqx vwly iek nOjvwn mdn lwl FINgrw ƒ BVkw ky AμgryzW qoN bdlw lYx vwsqy iqAwr kIqw[ FINgrw ny ieμfIAw Awi&s dy sInIAr A&sr sr ivlIAm krzn vwihlI ƒ pihlI julweI 1909 dy idn golI mwr ky mwr idqw (qy ies doS ivc aus ƒ &WsI dI szw idqI geI)[ aus dy ies AYkSn dI inμdw krn vwilAW ivc sr AwZw ^wn, ibpn cμdr pwl, gopwl ikRSn goKly, sr suirμdr nwQ bYnrjI, AYn.sI. kylkr vI sn[

1909 ivc ^qm hoeI ieh lihr Agly iqμn swl qk ^wmoSI rhI pr 1913 ivc knYfw qy AmrIkw ivc ieh rUh Zdr lihr vjoN Pyr puμgrnI SurU ho geI[

Zdr lihr (1913-18)
kuJ lyKkW v`loN BwvyN gdr lihr dw isrw 1913-14 nwl joiVAw jWdw hY pr ies dIAW jμmx-pIVW icrokxIAW purwxIAW hn[ pMjwb ivc imslW vloN Kwlsw rwj kwiem kIqy jwx mgroN BwvyN A`DI sdI rxjIq isMG ny qy iPr AMgryzW ny pMjwb qy kbzw krI r`iKAw, pr is`K kOm dI AwpxI hkUmq kwiem krn dI Duμn auvyN hI kwiem rhI[ do vyly (G`ˆto G`t do vyly) ‘rwj krygw Kwlsw’ pVHn vwlI kOm “Aw^r q^q ’qy bhygI Awp gurU dI &Oj” dw AYlwn-nwmw pUrw krn qoN kdy vI ip`Cy nhIN sI muVnI[ ies g`l bwry AMgryz pUrI qrW cOks sI [

is`K kOm dy ies AYlwn-nwmy ƒ Bulwaux vwsqy AMgryzW ny pMjwb ivc is`KW ƒ &Oj ivc coKI qwdwd ivc BrqI kr ky im`Tw zihr ipAwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ dUjw, AMgryzW ny lwielpur Aqy imMtgumrI qy hor nihrI ielwikAW ivc zmInW dy ky, hrw ienklwb bIj ky qy qIjw, is`KW ivc jwgIrdwrI dI bcI-KucI pIVHI ƒ imlvrqxIey bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ BwvyN ieho ijhIAW swizSW AMgryzW ny GVIAW sn pr pMQ dI hkUmq krn dI Duμn hrigz m`Dm nhIN ho skI[

1857 dy Zdr dI golfn jublI ’qy 10 meI 1907 ƒ lMfn dy kwkstn hwl ivc hoey iek smwgm ivc prdysI is`KW ny iek pYNPilt Cwp ky vμifAw[ ies dw hYifMg sI: ‘Kwlsw’ qy ies ivc AwiKAw igAw sI ik ‘Kwlsw jI AMgryz ƒ Kwlsy dI srzmIN qoN k`Fx vwsqy j`dojihd leI iqAwr ho jwE[’

ienHIN idnIN hI BweI qyjw isMG msqUAwxw ny vI XU.ky. ivc hwrvrf XUnIvristI ivc AMgryzW ƒ is`K mulk ivcoN k`Fx vwsqy pRwpygμfw kr ky keI is`K j`dojihd vwsqy iqAwr kIqy[ ieh mwhOl, 50 swl pihlW Kusy rwj nUM muV hwisl krn dIAW ^wihSW dw Aihsws izMdw krn ivc mddgwr hoieAw pr ieh iksy v`fy AYkSn dw sbb nw bx sikAw[ auN\ ies nwl ieMglYNf, AmrIkw qy knyfw dy is`KW ivc AwzwdI qy ^udmu^iqAwrI dI soc ny Awpxw Asr zrUr idKwauxw SurU kr id`qw sI[

vIhvIN sdI dy pihly dhwky ivc AmrIkw ivc bYTy kuJ is`K mwlI p`KoN sOKy ho gey sn[ auh kuJ krnw locdy sn[ aunHW ny 1906 ivc pMdrW hzwr fwlr ^rc ky vYnkUvr ivc iek gurduAwrw bxw ilAw sI[ ies mgroN is`KW ny pYsy iek`Ty kr ky FweI l`K rupY nwl gurU nwnk mweIinMg kMpnI bxw leI sI[ ies dy nwl hI pMJI hzwr fwlr dI rkm nwl eIgl hwrbr ivc 250 eykV zmIn ^rId leI qW jo gurU nwnk klonI bxweI jw sky[ ies vyly qkrIbn ds hzwr is`K knyfw ivc kMm kr rky sn[ is`KW dI ies qr`kI ‘qy gory eIrKw krn lg pey[ aunHW ny qW iek vwr ieh vI plwn kIqw ik eySIAnW nUM knyfw qoN bwhr k`iFAw jwvy qy ies skIm hyT aunHW nUM hWfrs Byjx dI skIm bxweI[ pr jdoN is`K numieMidAW sqnwgr isMG qy Swm isMG ny hWfrs dw dOrw kr ky hwlwq vyKy qW is`KW ny au~Qy jwx qoN nWh kr id`qI[
1912 ivc ie`QoN dy is`KW ny pMjwb dy is`KW ny ividAw dy nwl-nwl AwzwdI qy ZulwmI dw &rk idKwaux vwsqy iek pRwjYkt soicAw[ aunHW ny BweI jvwlw isMG T`TIAW, BweI sμqoK isMG, bwbw ivswKw isMG vZYrw dI AgvweI hyT 15 &rvrI 1912 dy idn stwktn ivc mIitMg kIqI qy ies jdojihd dy ih`sy vloN pMjwb ’coN ku`J nOjvwnW ƒ AmrIkw ivc pVHweI krn vwsqy iqAwr krn leI Cy vzIPy jwrI krn leI &μf iek`Tw kIqw[ ies &μf ivc isrP is`KW ny hI ih`sw pwieAw Aqy kYnyfw qy AmrIkw ivc bYTy AmIr ihMdUAW ny kwxI kOfI q`k vI dyxoN nWh kr id`qI[ pr jdoN vzIiPAW vwsqy dr^wsqW pu`jIAW qW swry dy swry ihMdU hI sn[

auDr kYnyfw ivc is`K AwvwsIAW dy pirvwrW dy dw^ly ’qy pwbMdIAW l`gIAW hoeIAW sn[ AMgryzW ny kwnUMn bxw id`qw sI ik isr& auh S^s hI knyfw Aw skdw hY ijhVw Awpxy mulk qoN is`Dw jhwz ’qy AwieAw hovy qy ijs kol Cy sO fwlr vI hox[ cIn qoN qW is`Dy jhwz AwauNdy sn pr klk`qw jW bMbeI qoN nhIN[ ies kr ky 1911 qy 1913 ivckwr sqwrW hzwr cInI qW t`brW sxy knyfw Aw vsy pr is`KW dw rwh bMd ho igAw[ hor qW hor eyQy rihMdy is`KW dy t`brW (pqnIAW qy b`icAW) nUM vI knyfw Awaux dI iejwzq nhIN sI[

auN\ ieh vI AMgryzW dI is`KW nwl v`fI izAwdqI sI[ auh is`KW qoN mdd lY ky vI is`KW nwl hI D`kw rkdy sn[ knyfw ivc kMm kr rhy is`KW ivcoN 90% ibRitS &Oj vwsqy lV cuky swbkw &OjI hI sn[ cIn dy bksr AYkSn ivc ibRitS &Oj dIAW 18 kMpnIAW ByjIAW geIAW sn qy ienHW ivcoN 16 is`KW dIAW sn[ Xwin ijnHW is`KW ny AMgryzW dI mdd kIqI sI aunHW ’qy pwbMdIAW qy ijnHW ny AMgryzW dy i^lw& jMg lVI sI aunHW nUM knyfw Awaux dI KulH[ AjIb iensw& sI goirAW dw!

is`KW qy hor pMjwbIAW ny ies dy i^lw& j`dojihd krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ pr ies j`dojihd vwsqy, swrI dI swrI lVweI, is`KW ny, is`K jQybμdIAW ny Aqy gurduAwirAW ny kIqI[ Kwlsw dIvwn suswietI (kYnyfw) dI srpRsqI hyT BweI qyjw isMG, fw: suμdr isMG, rwjw isMG bwVIAW qy hornW ny coKI imhnq kIqI[ pMjwb ivc vI Kwlsw sBw pUhlw (lwhOr) ny 23 jUn 1912 ƒ kYnyfw srkwr dy is`KW nwl D`ky dy i^lw& ros mqw pws kIqw[ gvwlIAr qy iSmlw dIAW isMG sBwvW ny vI Aijhy mqy pws kIqy[ lwielpur dy sμq isMG ny vI ies j`dojihd ivc ih`sw pwieAw[ jnvrI 1913 ivc kYly&ornIAw qoN bwbw jvwlw isMG, Kwlsw dIvwn suswietI (kYnyfw) dy s`dy qy auQy gey[ &Yslw hoieAw ik jvwlw isMG, nMd isMG (AmrIkw), blvμq isMG (grμQI) qy nrwiex isMG i&lOr (mIq grμQI) kYnyfw qoN fYpUtySn lY ky ieMglYNf jwx[ nMd isMG (AmrIkw), blvμq isMG (grμQI) qy nrwiex isMG 14 mwrc 1913 nUM ieMglYNf vI gey pr koeI suxvweI nw hoeI[ iPr ieh pMjwb dy gvrnr ƒ imlx vwsqy iSmly vI Awey[ gvrnr pMjwb nwl mulwkwq vyly BweI blvμq isMG ny aus (gvrnr) ƒ izAwdw hI burw Blw AwK id`qw[ ies nwl g`lbwq isry nw cVH skI[ ies mgroN iSmlw ivc is`KW ny iek jlsw vI kIqw[ ies ivc suMdr isMG mjITw vI boilAw[ pr AMgryzW ’qy koeI Asr nw hoieAw[ fYpUtySn inrws ho ky vwips clw igAw qy au~Qy jw ky AYjItySn krn dw &Yslw kIqw[

ies swrI kwrvweI ivc isr& qy isr& is`K hI sn ikqy vI koeI ihMdU nzr nhIN sI AwauNdw[ ies swrI j`dojihd dw v`fw sYNtr vYnkUvr dw gurduAwrw sI[ auN\ hWgkWg, isMGwpur, cIn ivc vI ies soc dy lok kwrvweIAW kr rhy sn[

AMgryzI srkwr dIAW 1914 dIAW ^u&IAw &weIlW muqwibk kYnyfw dy is`KW dw mslw isr& mukwmI nhIN sI[ ies dy ip`Cy iek pUrI dI pUrI AxAYlwnI bwZIAwnw, pr ^u&IAw, lihr c`l rhI sI[

AMgryzW ny iek jpwnI, ijs dw nW ‘hsn hqwno’ sI, ƒ is`KW ivc jwsUsI krn vwsqy C`ifAw hoieAw sI[ iek pwsy qW auh is`KW ƒ aunHW dy pYN&ilt qy hor sm`grI jpwnI ivc qrjmw kr ky idAw krdw sI qy aunHW ivc ‘is`KW dw dosq’ bx ky rihMdw sI qy dUjy pwsy auh swrI irport vI AMgryzW ƒ dy idAw krdw sI[ 1914 ivc aus ny AMgryzW qoN 200 Xyn (jpwnI krμsI) irSvq lY ky d`isAw ik is`K bwZIAW dy pRwpygMfy dy iqMn muK irMg lIfr hn: (1) s. eISr isMG Tykydwr, johor, mlwieAw (mlySIAw) (2) fwktr Twkr isMG iekolwhw (kWtn-kOlUn rylvy, kWtn, cIn), (3) sYktrI is`K tYNpl (1866 sYkμf AYvyina,U vYnkUvr, kYnyfw)[ hsn hqwno ny 500 is`K vrkrW dy AYfrYs vI corI kr ky AMgryzW ƒ vycy sn {hom-pulItIkl &weIlW, Agsq 1914 PweIl nM: 7-16, ibRitS lwiebryrI, kwmnvYlQ irkwrfz lMfn qy nYSnl AwrkweIvz id`lI}[ iesy qrHW AmrIkw ivc isAwtl ivc ies lihr dy v`fy Qμm sohn isMG Bknw, aUDm isMG ksyl Aqy hrnwm isMG sn[

AMgryzI srkwr dIAW ^u&IAw irportW muqwibk ieh lihr is`KW vloN AwpxI guAwcI ^udmu^iqAwrI hwisl krn dI KwihS dw nqIjw sI qy ies dy v`fy kwrkuμn qy pYsy dyx vwly swry dy swry is`K hI sn[ ZYr-is`K, XwnI hridAwl, prmwnMd vgYrw, ny qW pVHy-ilKy hox kr ky is`KW nUM g`lW ivc Brmw ky, ies lihr dI lIfriSp qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ (mgroN iehnW dohW, hridAwl qy prmwnMd, ny AMgryz srkwr qoN muAw&IAW mMg leIAW sn)[ pr dUjy pwsy is`KW ƒ ShIdIAW, jylHW qy jurmwinAW dy ienwm imly sn[

Zdr pwrtI dw bxnw
AmrIkw, kYnyfw, cIn, hWgkWg, isMGwpur vgYrw ivc bYTy mulk-drdI isMGW dI AzwdI dI qihrIk jdoN bulMdIAW vl vDx l`gI qW hridAwl vrigAW ny ies qihrIk dI “hweIjYikMg” krn dI swizS GVI[ ies swizS dw sB qoN pihlw ih`sw sI Boly Bwly is`KW ƒ pMjwb dI jgh ihMdUsqwn dI AwzwdI vwsqy aukswauxw[ ies soc nwl, hridAwl vrigAW ny, 31 mwrc 1913 ƒ, brweIfl vyl (Erygwn), AmrIkw ivc hoeI iek bYTk kr ky ‘ihMdI AYsosIeySn’ bxw ky aus ivc cwr ku is`KW ƒ AhuidAW dI imSrI cKw id`qI[ pr ies dI Asl lIfriSp hridAwl kol hI rhI[ ies jmwq v`loN pihlI nvμbr 1913 ƒ ‘Zdr’ nW dw prcw vI jwrI kr id`qw igAw[

CyqI hI ies dIAW brWcW iSMGweI (suμdr isMG, fw: mQrw isMG, ivswKw isMG ddyhr qy s`jx isMG dI AgvweI hyT), hWgkWg (fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw dI AgvweI hyT qy bwAd ivc igAwnI Bgvwn isMG dI AgvweI hyT, qy mgroN BweI hrnwm isMG qy BweI ibSn isMG vI), i&lpweInz, isAwm (QweIlYNf), pnwmw Aqy hor keI mulkW ivc vI kwiem ho geIAW[ aupr ilKy AwgUAW qoN ielwvw sohx isMG Bknw, hrnwm isMG kwlw sμGw, hrnwm isMG tuμfIlwt, krqwr isMG ltwlw, inDwn isMG cu`Gw, jvwlw isMG T`TIAW, sμqoK isMG vZYrw vI ies qihrIk ivc Swiml sn[

Zdr pwrtI ny plwinMg iqAwr kIqI ik AMgryzW ƒ pVwA-vwr ipCwV ky mulk Azwd krvwieAw jwey[ ies mksd vwsqy iek lMmI plwn iqAwr kIqI geI[ plwn muqwibk sB qoN pihlW AMgryzW qoN pMjwb ƒ Azwd krwieAw jwxw sI qy ieh swrw Gol hiQAwrbμd hoxw sI[ pMjwb qoN bwAd kSmIr qy iPr sYNtrl ieMfIAw vl kUc kIqw jwxw sI[

Zdr dI plwinMg
BwvyN ies plwinMg dw pUry dw pUrw KrVw qW nhIN imldw; pr AMgryzW dIAW ^u&IAW &weIlW ivc pey hoey iek ^q qoN ies dw iek ih`sw iml jWdw hY[ ieh Kq kWtn (cIn) qoN fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw ny 17 nvμbr 1914 ƒ igAwnI Bgvwn isMG ƒ iliKAw sI, ijhVw hWgkWg ivc sYNsr ny puils dy hvwly kr id`qw sI (nqIjy vjoN fw: Twkr isMG igR&qwr ho igAw Aqy 4 swl jylH vwsI bixAw irhw)[ ies ^q muqwibk jnvrI 1915 ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy jnm idn ’qy pMjwb ivc swry pwsy hiQAwrbμd ZdrI Awpo AwpxIAW qihsIlW, QwixAW qy izilAW ivc AMgryzW ƒ kql kr ky ienklwbI syvwdwrW ƒ qwienwq kr dyxgy[ &Oj ivc pihloN hI iqAwrI ho cu`kI hovygI[ ies qrHW cu`pcwp pMjwb ’qy kbzw ho jwvygw[ aus vyly AMgryzI &Oj jrmnI nwl jμg ivc ru`JI hox kr ky bhuqI ihljul nhIN kr skygI[ ieh swrI kwrvweI ieko idn ieko vyly swry pMjwb ivc SurU hoxI sI[ ^q muqwibk luiDAwxw izly dw cwrj fw. Twkr isMG iekolwhw ny ilAw hoieAw sI[ {sI.AweI.fI. dy fwierYktr dI vIklI irport 15-6-1915, hom pulItIkl &weIl nMbr 549-552, nYSnl AwrkweIz id`lI}[

pr hridAwl vrgy ihMdU AwgUAW ƒ ieh mnzUr nhIN sI[ hridAwl qy gdr lihr dI lIfriSp dy hor ihMdU AwgU ieh nhIN sI cwhuμdy ik pihloN pMjwb Azwd ho jwvy[ auh is`KW (qy muslmwnW) ƒ hkUmq dyx leI iqAwr nhIN sn[ so aunHW ny ies Zdr ƒ qwrpIfo krn dI swizS GVI[ ienHW ny is`K juJwrU ZdrIAW ƒ BrmwieAw ik pihlW iek nukr qoN SurU kIqw jwvy, XwnI &rμtIAr sUbw qy kSmIr ƒ Awzwd krwieAw jwvy[ hYrwnI vwlI g`l ieh sI ik ies lihr ivc auprly dohW sUibAW dw koeI vI bμdw Swiml nhIN sI Aqy dUjy pwsy 90 &IsdI is`K ies qihrIk ’c jUJ rhy sn[ ies swizS dw mqlb sw& sI ik gdr lihr ƒ qwrpIfo kr id`qw jwey[ ieh swizS iblkul 1907 vWg hI sI jdoN AjIq isMG qy lwjpq rwey ny ikrswnI lihr dI AgvweI sμBwlI qy lwjpq rwey mgroN muAwPI mMg ky Gr bYT igAw pr AjIq isMG 1947 q`k jlwvqn irhw qy 40 swl srzmIN qy pYr nw r`K sikAw[ so ies hrkq nwl hI gdr lihr dI nwkwmXwbI dw mu`F b`J jWdw hY[

kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz
gdr pwrtI vloN ienklwbI AYkSn 1924-25 ivc krn vwsqy iqAwrI kIqI jw rhI sI, pr jμg SurU ho jwx dI vjwh kr ky ies dI qwrIK AgwaUN kr ky 1917 ’qy lY AWdI geI[ ies ivckwr hI kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz vwlI Gtnw ho geI[ aunHW idnW ivc knyfw srkwr ny iek nvW kwnUMn pws kIqw sI ik isr& is`Dy knyfw pu`jx vwly muswi&rW nUM hI knyfw ivc auqrn Aqy rihx dI iejwzq imlygI[ ies msly nUM h`l krn vwsqy guridq isMG srhwlI (AMimRqsr) ny iek jpwnI smuMdrI jhwz kwmwgwtwmwrU drAsl ies dw nW kOmwgtw mrU sI) ikrwey ’qy lY ilAw qW jo kwnUMnI AiV`cx nUM dUr kIqw jw sky[ ieh jhwz 29 mwrc 1914 ƒ is`Dy kYnyfw phuμcxw sI[ pr rsqy ivc dyr hox kwrn ieh jhwz 22 meI 1914 ƒ vYnkUvr phuμicAw[ kYnyfw dy nslI hwkmW ny ieM\ is`Dy pu`jy muswi&rW ƒ vI auqrn dI iezwzq nw id`qI[ kw&I lMbI jdojihd mgroN vI jdoN iezwzq nw imlI qW is`K vI ft gey[ kYnyfw dy hwkmW ny jhwz ’qy &wieirMg krn dI DmkI id`qI[ ies dy jvwb ivc kYnyfw dI is`K sμgq ny 21 julweI 1914 ƒ vYnkUvr dy gurduAwry ivc iek iek`T kIqw qy mqw pws kIqw ik jy kr jhwz ’qy golI clweI geI qW is`K vYnkUvr Sihr ƒ swV ky suAwh kr dyxgy[

is`KW dy ies AYlwnnwmy ’qy srkwr fr geI[ hux srkwr ny is`K AwgUAW nwl muV ky g`lbwq kIqI[ jhwz ivcly is`K vI iek hor nvyN bxy kwnUMn dI cwlwkI dy i^lw& t`kr lYx dI bjwey vwips pMjwb muVn vwsqy rwzI ho gey[ knyfw srkwr ny vI jhwz ƒ qyl qy Kwx pIx dw smwn lYx dI iezwzq dy id`qI[ A^Ir 23 julweI ƒ jhwz klk`qy nUM vwips muV ipAw[ do mhIny dy s&r mgroN jhwz 26 sqμbr 1914 ƒ iklpI phuμicAw[ au~Qy ies dI pUrI qlwSI leI geI[ 29 sqμbr ƒ jhwz klk`qw nyVy bjbj Gwt ivKy p`uijAw[

ie`Qy ieh izkr kr dyxw zrUrI hY ik jdoN jhwz kYnyfw qoN klk`qw dy rwh ivc hI sI qW AMgryz srkwr ny do nvyN AwrfInYNs jwrI kr id`qy sn[ pihlw AwrfInYNs ‘gYr mulkI AwrfInYNs’ 29 Agsq 1914 ƒ jwrI hoieAw sI qy dUjw ‘iengrY`s ieMtU ieMfIAw AwrfInYNs’ kuJ idn mgroN[ ienHW dohW AwrfInYNsz hyT Bwrq ivc dwi^l hox vwly iksy vI SKS ƒ ibnW vjh d`sy ihrwsq ivc ilAw jw skdw sI[

bjbj Gwt dw swkw
29 sqμbr 1914 ƒ jdoN kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz bjbj Gwt phuμicAw qW iek spYSl g`fI muswi&rW ƒ au~QoN pMjwb iljwx vwsqy A`gy KVI sI[ muswi&rW ny ies ivc bYTx qoN nWh kr id`qI Aqy auh gurU grμQ swihb dI AgvweI ivc klk`qw dy bVw bwzwr vwly gurduAwry vl jlUs bxw ky tur pey[ ies ’qy puils ny muswi&rW ’qy golI clw id`qI[ ies &wieirMg ivc 20 muswi&r mwry gey[ mgroN puils ny muswi&rW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ies dOrwn bwbw gurid`q isMG sxy 30 is`K &rwr hox ivc kwmXwb ho gey[

kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy swky ny pMjwb qy ivdySW ivc bYTy is`KW ivc coKw roh pYdw kIqw[ ies nwl Zdr lihr ƒ hor vI qwkq imlI[ isr& cI& Kwlsw dIvwn qy kWgrs pwrtI ny hI iehnW is`KW dI mu^wl&q kIqI[ ieh vI crcw sI ik Akwl q^q swihb qoN ienHW is`KW dy i^lw& iek AKOqI hukmnwmw jwrI kIqw igAw sI[ pr iksy vI A^bwr, irport jW somy ‘coN ieh ‘hukmnwmw’ nhIN imldw[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik q^q swihb dy pujwrI ArUV isMG ny ies sbMDI koeI ibAwn jwrI kIqw hovy, ijs qoN hukmnwmy vwlw crcw iCV ipAw hovygw[ hW, AkwlI morcy qy J`br muqwibk drbwr swihb ’qy kbzy vwly idn (12 AkqUbr 1920) Aqy mgroN Aqy is`K lIg dy dIvwn ivc ArUV isMG dI ies kwrvweI dI inMdw zrUr kIqI geI sI[

BweI Bwg isMG, bqn isMG qy myvw isMG lopoky dI ShIdI
kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy jwx mgroN knyfw dy AMgryz hwkm is`KW nUM iksy nw iksy FMg nwl szw dyxw cwhuMdy sn[ aunHW nUM BweI Bwg isMG (iB`KI ivMf), BweI blvMq isMG (gRMQI), BweI bqn isMG (dlyl isMG vwlw), BweI suMdr isMG (bwVIAW) qy hrnwm isMG swhrI vDyry cuBdy sn[ AMgryzW ny is`KW dy i^lw& pulIs qy ^u&IAw mihkmy ivc iek sY~l kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI ijs dw ieMcwrj iek AMgryz hwpiknsn sI jo ieMtYlIjYNs mihkmy dw iek A&sr sI (auh iek ihMdU mW qy gory bwp qoN hox ky kuJ-kuJ pMjwbI vI smJ skdw sI)[ aus ny bylw isMG ijAwx, bwbU isMG, hrnwm isMG (imlsweIf gurduAwry dw iek swbkw gRMQI jo bwbU isMG dy nwl ieko kmry ivc rihMdw sI), Arjn isMG qy iek do hor pMjwbI Awpxy eyjMt bxwey hoey sn[ 31 Agsq 1914 dy idn hrnwm isMG dI lwS imlI; iksy ny aus dw isr v`F ky lwS jMgl ivc su`t id`qI sI (crcw sI ik ieh AYkSn jgq isMG surisMG, swizS kys vwlw nhIN, dw sI); ieh hrnwm isMG 17 Agsq qoN hI Zwieb sI[ ikauN ik puls nUM kwqlW dw pqw nw l`gw ies kr ky ZdwrW dy hOsly brU qrHW ifgy sn[ ZdwrW dI bdiksmqI ik 3 sqMbr nUM, Apxy hI iek dosq, rwm isMG h`QoN ZlqI nwl golI cl jwx kwrn Arjn isMG vI mwirAw igAw[ hux bylw isMG is`K AwgUAW ‘qy vwr krnw cwhuMdw sI[

5 sqMbr idn aus dy sskwr mgroN is`K gurduAwry ivc bYTy sI qW bylw isMG ny Bwg isMG (iB`KI ivMf, izlHw AMimRqsr) ’qy golIAW clweIAW[ aus dy bcwA vwsqy bqn isMG (dlyl isMG vwlw, izlHw mwnsw) A`gy AwieAw[ bylw isMG ny aus ’qy vI &wier kr id`qw[ auh dovyN Agly idn cVHweI kr gey[

BwvyN srkwr ny bylw isMG ’qy muk`dmw clwieAw pr ieh idKwvy dI kwrvweI sI[ bylw isMG dy h`k ivc mukwmI ihMdUAW bwbU, Twkr, syvw, Amr, n`Qw, gMgU rwm qy fw: rGU nwQ qoN ielwvw hwpiknsn s&weI dy gvwh vjoN pyS hoieAw qy ienHW do kqlW nUM Awpxy bcwA vwsqy kIqy kql grdwinAw[

ieh swrI skIm qy kwrvweI hwpiknsn dI sI[ ieh D`kw vyK ky BweI myvw isMG lopoky jr nw sikAw qy aus ny hwpiknsn nUM szw dyx dw &Yslw kIqw[ 21 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn jd hwpiknsn Adwlq ivc bylw isMG dy h`k ivc gvwhI dyx vwsqy pu`jw hoieAw sI qW myvw isMG ny aus nUM au~Qy hI golIAW mwr ky mwr id`qw[ myvw isMG ‘qy muk`dmw clw ky aus nUM, isr& 8 idn dy AMdr hI, 30 AkqUbr dy idn &WsI dI szw suxw id`qI geI[ 11 jnvrI 1915 dy idn &WsI id`qI geI[

ZdrI kwrvweIAW
Zdr pwrtI ny Awpxw AYkSn Ajy 5-7 swl Tihr ky krnw sI pr brqwnIAw qy jrmnI ivc jμg 28 julweI 1914 ƒ SurU ho geI[ ies kr ky Zdr AwgUAW ny Awpxw AYkSn AYfvWs krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ swry ZdrI AwgU Awpo Awpxy ipMfW ƒ c`l pey[ Zdr AKbwr dy 4 Agsq 1914 dy prcy ivc ZdrI AwgUAW vloN Awpo-Awpxy ipMfW ivc phuμcx bwry ApIl CwpI geI sI[ Agsq ivc hI pwrtI dI pihlI tolI (krqwr isMG srwBw, hrnwm isMG tuμfIlwt vgYrw) pMjwb vwsqy cwly pw geI[ ies qoN ip`CoN v`fw jQw, ijs ivc 70 ZdrI sn, AYs.AYs. korIAw jhwz rwhIN, 29 Agsq ƒ swn&rWissko qoN cl ipAw[ ies qoN bwAd, qkrIbn 8 hzwr ZdrI vrkr, prdysW ivcoN pMjwb vl tury[ mu^brW ny ienHW dy c`lx bwry pihlW qoN hI irportW srkwr ƒ dy id`qIAW sn[ ies kr ky srkwr ny mulk ’c dwi^l hox vwilAW ƒ ihrwsq ivc lYx vwsqy do AwrfInYNs jwrI kr id`qy gey sn[

AwrfInYNs hyT bwhroN Awaux vwly swry pMjwbIAW ƒ ihrwsq ivc lY ky is`Dw pMjwb ilAWdw jWdw sI[ luiDAwxy ivc v`fw ieMtYrogySn sYNtr bxwieAw igAw sI[ hr muswi&r dI au~Qy pUrI ieMtYrogySn kIqI jWdI sI[ ies qrHW muswi&rW iv`coN keIAW ƒ kYd kIqw jWdw sI qy keI horW nUM aunHW dy ipMfW ivc nzrbMd kr id`qw jWdw sI[ aus vyly dI sI.AweI.fI. dI ^u&IAw irport muqwbk 370 jylWH ’c su`ty gey qy 2212 ƒ ipMfW ivc bμd kIqw igAw (AweIsmONgr AYNf slYtrI, AYn AkwaUNt Aw& Zdr kWspIrysI)[ jylHW ivc Byjy jwx vwilAW ivc fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw (KMnw), krqwr isMG ltwlw, hrnwm isMG, jgq isMG cu`Gw qy bIbI gulwb kOr vZYrw sn[ ienHW s^qIAW dy bwvjUd kw&I ZdrI vrkr bc ky inkl gey qy rUpoS ho gey[ aunHW ny 15 nvμbr 1914 ƒ Zdr dI skIm bxweI[ pr Asly dI muSkl kr ky ies nUM mulqvI krnw pY igAw[ bwAd ivc ieh qwrIK 21 &rvrI 1915 im`QI geI[ &OjW ivc hrnwm isMG, gurmuK isMG llqoN, aUDm isMG ksyl, ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI ny keI pltxW, Kws kr ky 23vIN kvYlrI, 25 vIN pMjwbI, 128 pwienrz, 9vIN BUpwl, 12vIN kvYlrI vgYrw ivc jw ky is`K &OjIAW ƒ iqAwr kr ilAw[ plwinMg muqwbk is`K &OjIAW ny gory A&srW ƒ kql kr ky, Asly ’qy kbzw kr ky, AYkSn SurU krnw sI[ Zdr ƒ swry pwsy (lwhOr, i&rozpur, rwvlipMfI &OjI CwauxIAW ivc) iek`Tw hI SurU kIqw jwxw sI[ ies dw cwrj bwbw ivswKw isMG ddyhr kol sI[ mwJy vwilAW ny 20 &rvrI ƒ lopoky dw Qwxw lu`t ky 21 ƒ lwhOr pu`jxw sI[ mwlvy iv`coN BweI rxDIr isMG (mgroN muKI AKMf kIrqnI jQw), krqwr isMG srwBw qy s`jx isMG nwrμgvwl ny AgvweI krnI sI[

auDr srkwr ƒ ZdrI kwrvweIAW dI pUrI sUh iml rhI sI[ aunHW ny ikrpwl isMG brwV nW dw sI. AweI. fI. dw bμdw Zdr pwrtI ivc vwV id`qw sI qy Boly gdrIAW ny aus ƒ sYNtrl kmytI ivc vI Swiml kr ilAw sI[ kmwl dI g`l qW ieh hY ik auh Ajy isr& 9 idn pihlW hI pwrtI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ^Yr CyqI hI aus bwry kuJ vrkrW ƒ sUh iml geI[ ies kr ky Zdr dI qwrIK do idn AgwaUN kr leI geI[ aus ƒ ies qwrIK dw vI pqw l`g igAw[ ies kr ky aus dI mu^brI nwl, 19 PrvrI 1915 ƒ Swm dy swFy cwr vjy (Zdr SurU hox qoN kuJ GMty pihlW hI), pwrtI dy hY~fkuAwtr qy Cwpw mwr ky bhuq swry AwgU igR&qwr kr ley gey[ ies nwl Zdr ienklwb SurU hox qoN pihlW hI ^qm ho igAw[ BwvyN mgroN keI in`ky-moty AYkSn huμdy rhy pr v`fy AYkSn dI AxhoNd ivc im`iQAw ienklwb nw ilAWdw jw sikAw[

muk`dmy qy szwvW
Zdr lihr dw v`fw AYkSn nwkwmXwb hox mgroN igR&qwr kIqy gey ZdrIAW au~pr cwr muk`dmy clwey gey[ ienHW ƒ ‘lwhOr kWspIrysI kys’ dy nW nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ pihlw muk`dmw 26 AprYl 1915 ƒ SurU hoieAw qy 13 sqμbr 1915 ƒ pMifq iSv nrwiex qy do AMgryz kimSnrW ny &Yslw suxw ky 82 ‘mulzmW’ (ZdrIAW) ivcoN krqwr isMG (srwBw, izlHw luiDAwxw), jgq isMG (surisMG, izlHw lwhOr, hux izlHw AMimRqsr), hrnwm isMG B`tI gorwieAw, isAwlkot), b^SIS isMG (iglvwlI, izlHw AMimRqsr), surYx isMG puqr bUV isMG (iglvwlI), surYx isMG puqr eISr isMG (iglvwlI) qy ivSnU gxyS ipMgly qy 17 horW ƒ &WsI (mgroN 17 dI &WsI aumr kYd ivc bdl geI); ies qoN ielwvw 23 ƒ aumr kYd qy 6 ƒ G`t szwvW suxweIAW[ Gt szwvW vwilAW ivc sohx isMG Bknw, inDwn isMG c`uGw, juAwlw isMG T`TIAW, ivswKw isMG ddyhr, ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI, aUDm isMG ksyl, hrnwm isMG tuMfw/tuMfIlwt (hirAwxw, huiSAwrpur) vI sn[

dUjw muk`dmw 29 AkqUbr 1915 ƒ SurU hoieAw[ ies ivc au~pr vwlI Adwlq ny hI 30 mwrc 1916 ƒ a~uqm isMG (hWs, luiDAwxw), eISr isMG (Fu`fIky, mogw), rUV isMG (qlvμfI dusWJ, &Irozpur), rμgw isMG (Kurdpur, jlMDr), bIr isMG (bwhovwl, huiSAwrpur) ƒ &WsI, 64 ƒ aumr kYd qy 8 ƒ G`t szwvW suxweIAW[ ies ivc BweI rxDIr isMG (nwrμgvwl, luiDAwxw), hrnwm isMG (kwlw sMGw, kpUrQlw), ieMdr isMG (SY^ dOlq, luiDAwxw) vI Swml sn[
qIjw muk`dmw (sYkMf splImYNtrI kys) rwey bhwdr gopwl dws BμfwrI qy do gory j`jW dI Adwlq ivc 8 nvμbr 1916 ƒ SurU hoieAw[ ies dw &Yslw 5 jnvrI 1917 ivc hoieAw[ ies kys ivc blvμq isMG swbkw gRμQI vYnkUvr gurduAwrw (Kurdpur, jlMDr), rUV isMG (sMGvwl, jlMDr), h&Iz Abdu`lw, nHwmw, bwbU rwm ƒ &WsI, 7 ƒ (sxy krqwr isMG nvW cMd) aumr kYd qy pMj brI hoey[ cOQy muk`dmy (Qrf splImYNtrI kys) ivc, 2 mwrc 117 nUM, mQrw isMG (FuifAwl, ijhlm) nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ pMjvyN muk`dmy (&orQ splImYNtrI kys) ivc, 26 meI 1917 nUM, jvMd isMG (nMgl klW, huiSAwrpur) nUM &WsI id`qI geI[

ienHW pMj v`fy muk`dimAW qoN ielwvw p`DrI kql kys ivc pRym isMG (surisMG, izlHw lwhOr, hux AMimRqsr) qy ieMdr isMG (p~DrI klW, AMimRqsr) nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ AMimRqsr v`lw pul kql kys ivc kwlw isMG (jgqpur, AMimRqsr)), cMnx isMG (bUr cMd, lwhOr), hrnwm isMG (T`TI Kwrw, AMimRqsr), Awqmw isMG (T`TI Kwrw, AMimRqsr) qy bMqw isMG (sMGvwl, jlMDr) nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ jgqpur kql kys ivc kwlw isMG (jgqpur, AMimRqsr) qy cMnx isMG (bUV cMd, lwhOr) nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ nMgl klW kql kys ivc bMqw isMG (sMGvwl, jlMDr) qy bUtw isMG (AklwgVH Kurd, luiDAwxw nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ brmw kys ivc 7 julweI 1716 nUM hrnwm isMG (swhrI, huiSAwrpur) qy 5 horW nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ &OjIAW iv`ˆcoN 12 is`K fgSeI CwauxI ivc golI nwl aufwey gey[

ies qoN ielwvw hor keI vKry-vKry kysW Aqy AmrIkw (swn&rWissko Aqy iSkwgo) ivc vI muk`dimAW ivc szwvW hoeIAW[ iek irport muqwbk ku`l 101 jxy PWsI l`gy jW golIAW nwl aufwey gey, 316 ƒ lMbIAW kYdW hoeIAW qy 42 brI hoey[ bhuq swry kYdI jylHW ivc qsIihAW nwl vI mr gey[ keIAW ny ihrwsq ’coN jW jylHW ivcoN dOVn dIAW koiSSW vI kIqIAW[ iehnW iv`ˆcoN vI keI mwry gey qy jW muV igR&qwr ho gey[ kuJ ZdrI qW kw&I dyr q`k &rwr rhy[

Zdr PylH hox dI vjh Zdr
lihr dy PylH hox dIAW vjh sn: cμgI lIfriSp nw hoxw, kwrvweIAW dw ^u&IAw nw r`iKAw jw skxw, jQybμdk sUJbUJ dI Gwt, sUhIAW dw dwKlw, sI. AweI. fI. dI cusqI, Awps ’c myl-jol qy rwbqy dI Gwt, srkwr v`loN s^qIAW vgYrw[ sI.AweI.fI. dy cI& AweIsmONgr Aqy slYtrI vI AwpxI 1918 dI irport ivc iehI nqIjy hI k`Fdy hn[

Bwrq srkwr dy hom ifpwrtmYNt muqwibk 1934 ivc Ajy vI 700 qoN vD srgrm ZdrI izMdw sn qy aunHW ivcoN keI bhuq AYkitv sn (d Zdr fwierYktrI 1934, gvrnmYNt Aw& ieMfIAw, ies dw rIpirMt pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw ny 1997 ivc CwipAw sI)[
Zdr lihr isr& is`K ienklwb hI sI

Zdr pwrtI isr& qy isr& is`K lihr hI sI[
ies ivc 95 &IsdI qoN v`D is`K sn[ ies dIAW kwrvweIAW dy sYNtr isr& gurduAwry sn[ ies dy AYkSn qkrIbn swry hI pMjwb ivc hoey sn[ iek do muslmwn vI jzbwqI ho ky ies ienklwb nwl juVy sn[ Zdr pwrtI ivc vVI swrI ihMdU lIfriSp (ivSƒ gxyS ipMgly ƒ C`f ky) buzidl, lwlcI qy ^udgrz sI[ ienHW iv`coN bhuqy, sxy lwlw hridAwl (ijs ny mgroN AMgryzI srkwr qoN muAw&I vI mMg leI sI), prmwnMd, rwmcμd vZYrw, bwAd ’c jW qW srkwr nwl iml gey qy jW sOKI izMdZI ibqwauNdy rhy[

kimaUinst lyKk gurcrn isMG sihMsrw muqwbk AMgryz vI ies ƒ isr& qy isr& is`K lihr hI mMndy sn[ AMgryzW ny kysW vwly is`KW ƒ nzrbμd kIqw qy ihMdU qy musilm C`f id`qy[ ies kr ky jgq rwm, prmwnMd, ipRQI ishM Aqy hor bhuq swry bc gey sn (gurcrn isMG sihMsrw, Zdr pwrtI dw ieiqhws, s&w 176)

AMgryz srkwr dIAw ^u&IAw irportW muqwibk “Zdr &ylH hox mgroN vI, ies lihr ƒ, bwhrly mulkW ivc gey is`KW ny izMdw r`iKAw[ ienHW iv`coN keI qW mgroN mwsko qoN vI tryinMg lY ky Awey sn[ qkrIbn swry hI bwZI iKAwlW nwl Bry hoey sn[ ieh is`K ‘dihSqpsμd’ pMjwb ivc brqwnvI hkUmq ƒ n&rq krdy hn Aqy ies dy pMjwb ivc Kwqmy vwsqy jUJ rhy hn[” (hom pulItIkl, &weIl nMbr 134/[[/1923)[

mgroN jo vrkr kYdW k`t ky irhwA hoey auh qkrIbn swry hI is`K lIg, AkwlI lihr, SRomxI AkwlI dl qy bbr AkwlI lihr ivc Swiml ho gey[ ienHW iv`ˆcoN muK sn: Zdr pwrtI dy fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw, ivswKw isMG ddyhr, BweI rxDIr isMG, BweI ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI, ipAwrw isMG knyfIAn qy keI hor Aqy kwmwgwtw mwrU dy gurid`q isMG, rwey isMG (dljIq isMG) kwauxI[ fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw SRomxI AkwlI dl dy mIq pRDwn qy jnrl sYktrI (1926-27), bwbw gurid`q isMG qy BweI ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI dovyN AkwlI dl dy pRDwn rhy sn qy bwbw ivswKw isMG 1936 dIAW SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dIAW coxW ivc pwrlImYNtrI borf dy cyArmYn sn[ auh qW kuJ icr vwsqy Akwl q^q swihb dy muK syvwdwr vI rhy sn[
ieM\ hI BweI krm isMG iJMgV, BweI krm isMG dOlqpur qy hor bhuq swry bbr AkwlI lihr ivc Swiml hoey sn[ AMgryz srkwr dI ^u&IAw irport muqwibk ‘bbr AkwlI lihr’ 1915 dI Zdr ienklwbI lihr dI nv-surjIqI sI[ bbrW ivcoN bhuqy ivdySW ivcoN muVy hoey is`K sn qy aunHW ny ZdrIAW vWg 32 bor dy irvwlvr qy mwaUzr iesqymwl kIqy sn[

kYdI pirvwr shwiek kmytI
Zdr pwrtI dy kYdIAW dy pirvwrW dI mdd vwsqy iek “kYdI pirvwr shwiek kmytI” 21 nvμbr 1924 ƒ bxweI geI sI[ ies kmytI ƒ, pihlI &rvrI 1925 ƒ, iek hor sWJI kmytI ivc bdl id`qw igAw[ ies nvIN kmytI dy 21 mYNbr sn[ iehnW ivcoN 13 ZdrI, cwr is`K lIg dy Aqy cwr koAwpt kIqy mYNbr sn[ (is`K lIg audoN AkwlI dl dw iek rUp hI sI)[ ies kYdI pirvwr shwiek kmytI dy pihly pRDwn ivswKw isMG ddyhr, jnrl sYktrI hrcμd isMG lwielpurI qy jwieMt sYktrI fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw sn (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 3 &rvrI 1925)[ SRomxI AkwlI dl qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI bwry AMgryz srkwr dI ^u&IAw irport (vI. fblXU. simQ dI 22 &rvrI 1922 dI irport) muqwibk AkwlI lihr ivc vI ZdrIAW ny bVw v`fw ih`sw pwieAw sI[ smu`cy qOr qy Zdr lihr is`K ienklwb sI[ (kuJ lyKkW ny ies nUM BwrqI AwzwdI dI lihr bxwaux dI bQyrI nwkwm koiSS kIqI hY)[

Zdr pwrtI dI ZYr-pMjwbI lIfriSp dw lyKw joKw
Zdr lihr Bwrq nhIN blik is`K-pMjwb dI AwzwdI dI lihr sI qy aus dw ipCokV is`K rwj nUM muV ilAwauxw sI; aunHW dy idmwZ jW idl ivc ‘Bwrq’ dw koeI isDWq nhIN sI[[ AmrIkw ivc vI Zdr pwrtI nwl sbMDq bhuqy ihMdU AwgU jW qW AMgryzW dy eyjMt sn qy jW i&rkU AwrIAw smwjI ihMdU[

lwlw hridAwl
lwlw hridAwl mwQur iek mUlvwdI bRwhmx prvwr ivcoN sI[ auh 17 swl dI aumr ivc mUlvwdI ihMdU jmwq ‘Bwrq mwqw soswietI’ Aqy iPr AwrIAw smwj dw mYNbr bx igAw[ aus ny sMsikRq ivc AYm.ey. pws kIqI[ ies dOrwn aus dw rwbqw brqwnvI srkwr nwl hoieAw Aqy 1905 ivc srkwr ny aus nUM vzI&w dy ky Awks&orf XUnIvristI ivc Byj id`qw[ pr auQy jw ky vI auh AwrIAw smwj dw hI kMm krn lg ipAw ijs kr ky srkwr ny aus dw vzI&w bMd kr id`qw qy aus nUM vwips Awauxw pY igAw[ hux AwrIAw smwjI AwgU lwlw lwjpq rwey ny &rWs Byj id`qw ij`Qy auh AwrIAw smwj dy A^bwr ‘vMdy mwqrm’ vwsqy kMm krdw irhw[ pr AwrIAw smwj qoN aus nUM kw&I mdd nhIN imldI sI ies kr ky auh hor kMm l`Bx lg ipAw[ ies dOrwn AwrIAw smwj ny pMfq prmw nMd (mgroN auh ihMdU mhW sBw dw pRDwn vI bixAw) nUM aus vl ByijAw[ prmw nMd ny aus nUM iPr mnw ilAw Aqy AwrIAw mswj dy pRcwr vwsqy AmrIkw Byj id`qw[ lwlw hridAwl ny AmrIkw dy v`K v`K SihrW ivc, v`K v`K jQybMdIAW ivc Swiml ho ky AwrIAw smwj dw pRcwr kIqw[ dsMbr 1912 ivc aus ny XugWqr AwSrm dI nINh r`KI[ ies dw inSwnw AwrIAw Drm dw pRcwr krnw sI[

ienHIN idnI hI aus ny vyiKAw ik AmrIkw ivc is`K bhuq sOKy hn Aqy aunHW kol kw&I srmwieAw vI hY[ 1912 ivc ie`QoN dy is`KW ny pMjwb dy is`KW ny ividAw dy nwl-nwl AwzwdI qy ZulwmI dw &rk idKwaux vwsqy iek pRwjYkt soicAw[ aunHW ny BweI jvwlw isMG T`TIAW, BweI sμqoK isMG, bwbw ivswKw isMG vZYrw dI AgvweI hyT 15 &rvrI 1912 dy idn stwktn ivc mIitMg kIqI qy ies jdojihd dy ih`sy vloN pMjwb ’coN ku`J nOjvwnW ƒ AmrIkw ivc pVHweI krn vwsqy iqAwr krn leI Cy vzIPy jwrI krn leI &μf iek`Tw kIqw[ ies &μf ivc isrP is`KW ny hI ih`sw pwieAw Aqy kYnyfw qy AmrIkw ivc bYTy AmIr ihMdUAW ny kwxI kOfI q`k vI dyxoN nWh kr id`qI[ auDr hridAwl qy hor ihMdUAW ny ip`Cy AwrIAw smwjIAW nwl rwbqw kwiem kr ky ienHW vzIi&AW vwsqy ihMdUAW koloN dr^wsqW idvwaux vwsqy AYkSn krn vwsqy ikhw[ ies kr ky vzIiPAW vwsqy ijMnHW dIAW vI dr^wsqW pu`jIAW auh swry dy swry ihMdU hI sn[

ies dy nwl hI hridAwl ny mihsUs kIqw ik is`KW ivc mulk (pMjwb) dI AwzwdI dI lihr auT rhI hY[ auDr knyfw ivc goirAW v`loN ivqkry nwl vI is`K j`dojihd ivcoN lMG rhy sn[ies swry mwhOl dw &wiedw auTwaux vwsqy hridAwl vrigAW ny ies qihrIk dI “hweIjYikMg” krn dI swizS GVI[ auh ies lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw[ Aqy ikauN ik ies lihr nwl sbMDq swry AwgU mzdUr qy

ikswn sn, Aqy auh bhuq vD piVHAw iliKAw S^s sI ies kr ky aus ny swirAW nUM Asr-AMdwz kr ky swrI kmWf Awpxy h`QW ivc lY leI[ Boly pMjwbIAW nUM pqw vI nw l`gw ik aunHW dI lihr ivc ihMdU mUlvwdI AwrIAw smwj dw pRcwr ho irhw hY[ hridAwl dw sB qoN pihlW kMm sI ies lihr dw Zlq nW r`Kxw[ Zdr dw mwAnw hY ZdwrI krnw, nw ik AwzwdI dI lihr jW ienklwb (1857 ivc vI AMgryzW dI rwKI hyTly rjvwiVAW ny AMgryzW nwl kIqy AihdnwimAW dy i^lw& ZdwrI kIqI sI; ies kr ky aus nUM Zdr nW id`qw igAw sI)[
lwlw hridAwl ny ies lihr ivc swrw kuJ AwrIAw smwjI Brn dI soc hyT ies dw qrwnw ‘vMdy mwqrm…’ cuixAw jo ik kwlpink ihMdU dyvI dI ArwDnw dw gIq hY[ iPr aus ny JMfy ivc vI ihMdU dyvI dw inSwn r`iKAw[ aus ny jmwq dw pihlw nW ies nUM ihMdU rUp dyx vwsqy ‘ihMdUsqwnI AYsosIeySn’ r`iKAw sI[

Zdr pwrtI dy AwgUAW dIAW ilKqW ivc ihMdUsqwn mulk dw nwArw isr& hridAwl vrgy AwrIAw smwjIAW dI SmUlIAq kr ky sI[ Ajy Bwrq iek mulk vwlw nukqw kwiem hI nhIN hoieAw sI[ aus vyly qk qW ihMdUsqwn XU.pI., m`D pRdyS nUM hI kihMdy sn[ isr& 50-60 swl pihlW qW ihMdUsqwnIAW dy nwl rl ky AMgryzW ny pMjwb dys ‘qy kbzw kIqw sI[ iPr Zdr pwrtI AwgUAW/vrkrW dIAW ilKqW ivc iksy AKOqI BwrqI hIro (nw rwxI JWsI, nw qWqIAw topy, nw iksy hor) dw izkr nhIN sI; auh iksy ZYr pMjwbI hIro bwry kuJ vI jwxdy qk nhIN sn qy ies kr ky aunHW dy mn ivc AKOqI BwrqI ivrsy jW qvwrI^ dI g`l Aw hI nhIN skdI sI[ auh isr& bMdw isMG bhwdr, su`Kw isMG-mihqwb isMG, BweI mnI isMG, hrI isMG nlvw, AkwlI &Ulw isMG dI g`l krdy sn[ auh is`K hIroz vW| qn-mn-Dn nwl kurbwnI krn dI g`l krdy sn; qy, ieh isDWq ihMdUsqwn ivc ikqy mOjUd nhIN sI[

AmrIkw dy sohx isMG Bknw, hrnwm isMG kwlw sμGw, hrnwm isMG tuμfIlwt, krqwr isMG ltwlw, inDwn isMG cu`Gw, jvwlw isMG T`TIAW, ivswKw isMG ddyhr, gurmuK isMG llqoN, aUDm isMG ksyl, ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI , sμqoK isMG vZYrw; iSMGweI dy suμdr isMG, fw: mQrw isMG, ivswKw isMG ddyhr qy s`jx isMG; hWgkWg dy fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw, igAwnI Bgvwn isMG, BweI hrnwm isMG qy BweI ibSn isMG ivcoN iek-A`D nUM C`f ky koeI vI AKOqI BwrqI (nYSnilst), kimaUinst jW smwjvwdI soc vwlw nhIN sI[

lwlw hridAwl iek buzidl bMdw vI sI[ jd AmrIkn srkwr ny vyiKAw ik ieh AjIb iksm dIAW swzSW kr irhw hY qW aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ ikauN ik auh qW ies qy kbzw krn dI soc nwl ies lihr ivc Swiml hoieAw sI nw ik jylH jwx vwsqy;ies kr ky zmwnq ‘qy irhw hox mgroN ieh AmrIkw C`f ky jrmn B`j igAw[ ies qoN mgroN ies ny Zdr lihr v`l ip`Cy muV ky vI nw vyiKAw Aqy iek gory vWg XUrp ivc izMdgI ibqwaux lg ipAw[ hwlW ik auh ies dorwn, jrmn, sivtzrlYNf, svIfn, ieMglYNf qy AmrIkw vI igAw pr aus ny ikqy vI ienklwb jW smwjvwd dI zrw mwsw vI g`l nw CyVI[ (iek hor ivcwr muqwibk auh srkwr nwl iml ky eyjMt bx cukw sI Aqy auh Zdr lihr dw swrw kuJ A^bwrW ivc SryAwm AYlwnW vjoN Cwp ky swrI jwxkwrI srkwr nUM idAw krdw sI)[

AmrIkw ivcoN jwx mgroN lwlw hridAwl BwvyN iek gory vW| p`CmI izMdgI ijaUNdw irhw pr aus dy mn dy AMdr dw AwrIAw smwjI qy i&rkU bRwhmx hmySw aus dIAW ilKqW ivc kwiem irhw[

prmw nMd
Zdr lihr nwl sbMDq ihMdUAW ivc dUjw Aihm nW prmw nMd dw hY[ ijvyN pihlW izkr AwieAw hY, auh iek AwrIAw smwjI AwgU sI[ auh 1915 qk AmrIkw ivc irhw Aqy lwl hridAwl vWg lihr ‘qy kbzw krI r`iKAw[ ies mgroN auh Awpxy vqn muV AwieAw[ pr ieQy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw Aqy aus ny 5 swl jylH k`tI qy 1920 ivc aus nUM Awm muAw&I ivc irhw kr id`qw igAw[ ies swry dOrwn aus dw swrw jIvn is`KW dy i^lw& ilKx ivc hI bIiqAw[ aus ny vIr hkIkq isMG nUM ihMdU swibq krn dI koiSS ivc hkIkq rwey ilK ky prcwr kIqw[ iPr bwbw bMdw isMG nUM ‘bYrwgI’ bxwaux dI koiSS ivc aus ny ‘bMdw bYrwgI’ ikqwb ilKI[ ies dy jvwb ivc krm isMG ihstorIAn ny ‘bMdw kOx Qw’ ikqwb ilK ky prmw nMd dI swzs nUM nMgw kIqw[ prmw nMd dsMbr 1947 ivc mirAw pr auh swrI aumr is`KW dy i^lw& Aqy awrIAw smwj dy h`k ivc prcwr rkdw irhw[ aus dIAW syvwvW nUM muK rK ky jnsMG (hux Bwjpw) ny aus dy pu`qr fw: BweI mhWvIr nUM m`D pRdyS dw gvrnr (1998-2003) bxwieAw[

prmw nMd v`loN BweI mqI dws dI kul ivcoN hox dw &rwf
prmw nMd ny is`KW nUM byvkU& bxwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI[ auh Awpxy Awp nUM BweI mqI dw dI kul ivcoN dsdw irhw ijhVw ik JUT hY[ prmw nMd drAsl ausy zwq ivcoN sI ijs ivcoN BweI mqI sn[ ieh prmw nMd mohIAwl bRwhmxW dI kul ivcoN hY; ieh auh lok ny jo pihlW qW guru swihb qoN KWdy rhy pr jd bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ShIdI mgroN is`KW ‘qy zulm SurU hoieAw qW ieh is`KI nUM C`f ky ihMdU bx gey qy auh vI is`KW dy i^lw& hr lihr ivc Swiml rhy[

BweI mqI dws kOx sn: Awp BweI hIrw nMd dy spu`qr, BweI dvwrkw dws dy poqy qy ShId BweI prwg dws (prwgw) dy pVpoqy sn[ BweI mqI dws dw iek pu`qr swihb isMG 8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShId hoieAw sI qy dUjw mukMd isMG cmkOr ivc 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn[ ies dw pu`qr crn isMG sI jo swDU bx igAw qy BdOV ivc ies ny fyrw bxw ilAw[ ies ny ivAwh nhIN krvwieAw[ ieM\ BweI mqI dws dI kul ie`Qy hI ^qm ho geI[ ies ^wndwn ivc prmw nMd dw koeI v`fw-vfyrw nzr nhIN AwauNdw[

pMfq prmw nMd dw ipCokV ieM\ hY: prmw nMd pu`qr qwrw cMd pu`qr AmIr cMd pu`qr myhrw pu`qr rwjU pu`qr jY Bwn isMG pu`qr rwie isMG pu`qr jMqI dws pu`qr kbUlw pu`qr dvwrkw dws[ ienHW ivc BweI mqI dws ik`Qy hY?
prmw nMd dw pUrw kursInwmw ieM\ hY: {BweI rwie isMG dy iqMn byty sn : BweI hirjs isMG, BweI Drmjs isMG qy BweI jYBwn isMG[ ienHW ivcoN ivckwrly, BweI Drmjs isMG dI A`goN AOlwd clI sI[ auh iek muZlW dy zulm qoN fr ky Aqy dUjw bRwhmxI-pujwrI ik`qw jwrI r`Kx kr ky is`K Drm C`f ky ihMdU bx gey[ BweI Drmjs isMG dw pu`qr rwm ikSn isMG qoN rwm ikSn bx igAw[ ieM\ hI BweI rwie isMG dy qIjy qy sB qoN Coty pu`qr BweI jYBwn isMG dy b`cy vI is`K Drm C`f gy Aqy ihMdU bx gey[ BweI jYBwn isMG dy pMj pu`qr sn: rwjU, rwm idAwl, hir idAwl, auqm cMd Aqy mMgl sYn[ ienHW ivcoN rwjU dw pu`qr myhr sI[ myhry dy A`goN s`q pu`qr sn[ ienHW ivcoN qIjy QW ’qy AmIr cMd sI ies dy A`goN iqMn pu`qr sn[ ienHW ivcoN sB qoN Cotw qwrw cMd sI[ qwrw cMd dy A`goN do pu`qr sn : prmw nMd Aqy bwl mukMd[ BweI prmw nMd dy Brw bwl mukMd dy iqMnW ivcoN sB qoN Coty byty BweI kuMdn lwl dw[ BweI kuMdn lwl dy cwr byty sn[ ieh cwry isMG sjy sn[ ieh sn : BweI prmjIq isMG, BweI AmrjIq isMG, BweI BwrqdIp isMG qy BweI ASok isMG [ ieh swry mDUbn (nyVy krnwl), hirAwxw ivc rihMdy rhy hn[}.
so prmw nMd mqI dws dI kul ivcoN nhIN blik rwie isMG d`q dI kul ivcoN sI qy auh is`K nhIN blik ihMdU bRwhmx sn[

lwlw lwjpq rwey
lwlw lwjpq rwey AwrIAw swmj dw qIjw AwgU sI jo is`KW ivc Swiml hoieAw[ (ieh Agrvwl bwnIAW brwdrI ivcoN sI[ ieh pihlW is`K srUp ivc sI; kys qy dwVHI swibq r`Ky hoey sn pr 1907 ivc jd ies nUM brmw jlwvqn kIqw igAw qW ies ny kys ktw ley qy k`tV i&rkU ihMdU bx igAw qy is`KW dy i^lw& prcwr krn lg ipAw[ ies dI mW gulwb dyvI nUM ies dI ies hrkq dw bhuq sdmw l`gw qy auh bImwr pY geI qy A^Ir ieM\ hI auh dunIAW qoN tur geI)[ jd bhuqy ZdrI AwgU igR&qwr ho gey qy jylHW ivc su`ty gey qW lwlw lwjpq rwey ny ienHW kYdIAW dy prvwrW dI mdd vwsqy knyfw qy AmrIkw dy is`KW qoN 70 hzwr rupY (jo audoN bhuq v`fI rkm sI) iek`T kIqy Aqy auh swrI rkm aus ny AwrIAw smwj dy is`K ivroDI prcwr vwsqy KrcI[ Xwin ‘is`KW dIAW ju`qIAW is`KW dy hI isr’[ 1928 ivc sweImn kimSn dy dOry qoN kuJ idn mgroN mwstr qwrw isMG ny lyKW Aqy ibAwnW rwhIN lwlw lwjpq rwey qoN knyfw Aqy AmrIkw qoN ZdrI AwgUAW dy prvwrW vwsqy ilAWdy hzwrW ruipAW dw ihswb ikqwb mMigAw sI[ lwly dI mOq puls dIAW lwTIAW nwl nhIN hoeI sI blik ies rkm dw ih`swb mMgx nwl idl dw dOrw pYx ‘qy hoeI sI[

swvrkr
is`KW ivc vV ky aunHW nUM vrqx dI koiSS krn vwlw iek hor i&rkU ihMdU swvrkr sI[ auh is`KW hI nhIN pMjwbIAW nwl vI Kwr kWdw sI[ jUn 1909 ivc gxyS vIr swvrkr ny lμfn ivc ieμjnIAirμg dw kors mukw ky pμjwb prqx vwly iek nOjvwn mdn lwl FINgrw ƒ BVkw ky AμgryzW qoN bdlw lYx vwsqy iqAwr kIqw[ FINgrw ny ieμfIAw Awi&s dy sInIAr A&sr sr ivlIAm krzn vwihlI ƒ pihlI julweI 1909 dy idn golI mwr ky mwr idqw (qy ies doS ivc aus ƒ &WsI dI szw idqI geI)[ swvrkr nUM vI 1910 ivc kYd kIqw igAw sI[ pr aus koloN kYd nw k`tI geI qy aus ny 1921 ivc ilKqI muAw&I mMg ky irhweI lY leI (kmwl hY ik aus dy cyly aud nUM iPr vI “vIr” svwrkr ilKdy hn)[ ies mgroN aus ny AMgryzW nwl pUrI v&wdwrI inBweI Aqy 1942 ivc ‘AMgryzo Bwrq C`fo’ lihr dI zordwr mu^wl&q kIqI[ ies mgroN aus ny swrI izMdgI isr& ihMdUqv dw pRcwr kIqw[auh ihMdU mhW sBw dw pRDwn vI bixAw[

knyfw dI qsvIr
knyfw ivc vI ivqkirAW Aqy muSiklW dw swhmxw isr& is`KW nUM krnw ipAw, jd ik ihMdU jW qW srkwr dy twaUt sn jW is`KW dy duSmx qy jW iPr srkwr nwl hr g`l ivc imlvrqx krn vwly[

Zdwr bylw isMG ijAwx dy muK swQI qkrIbn swry hI ihMdU sn[ aus v`loN 5 AkqUbr 19194 dy idn gurduAwry ivc kIqy, BweI Bwg isMG Aqy BweI bqn isMG, dy kqlW sbMDI muk`dmy ivc swry ihMdU aus dy h`k ivc Bugqy sn; imswl vjoN bylw isMG dy h`k ivc mukwmI ihMdUAW Twkr, bwbU, syvw, Amr, n`Qw, gMgU rwm qy fw: rGU nwQ (kwmwgwtw jhwz ivc AMgryzW vwsqy sI.AweI.fI. krn vwlw) vZYrw[ ieM\ hI vYnkUvr ivc iek hor ihMdU rwm cMd (jo ik gory hwkmW dw twaUt sI Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& irportW pulIs kol phuMcwieAw krdw sI) nUM rwm isMG nW dy iek is`K ny 23 AprYl 1915 dy idn Adwlq ivc golI mwr ky mwr id`qw [ mgroN rwm isMG nUM vI golI mwr ky mwr id`qw igAw[

Xwin knyfw dy qkrIbn swry srgrm ihMdU is`KW dy duSmx qy srkwr dy twaUt sn[ ieM\ hI 21 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn jd myvw isMG lopoky ny hwpiknsn nUM kql kIqw qW 25 qwrI^ nUM ihMdUAW ny aus nwl hmdrdI dw mqw pws kIqw (vYnkUvr sn, 26.101914)[

ieh sI Asl ichrw knyfw ivc Zdr pwrtI nwl sbMDq ZYr is`K AwgUAW dw[

is`K lIg dI kwiemI Aqy ies dw rol
isμG sBwvW Aqy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dI pwilsI-pRogrwm ivc ieh iliKAw hoieAw sI ‘koeI vI isAwsI kwrvweI nhIN kIqI jwvygI’, ies kr ky is`KW dy isAwsI msilAW ivc ies dw koeI v`fw rol nhIN sI[ cI& ^wlsw dIvwn dI kwiemI qoN mgroN 1907 ivc ikswn lihr dOrwn cI& ^wlsw dIvwn ny, idKwvy dy qOr ’qy, mUμh r`Kx vwsqy iek iF`lw ijhw srkwr-pRsqI vwlw mqw pws kIqw pr ies ƒ is`KW ny psμd nw kIqw[ ies msly ’qy vDyry Awvwz hrcμd isμG lwielpurI ny auTweI sI (vDyry vyrvw ‘gurduAwrw suDwr lihr’ cYptr ivc vyKo)[ BwvyN pihlI AwlmI jμg (vrlf vwr) dOrwn ieh mslw db igAw pr jμg mgroN is`KW ivc iek isAwsI kOmI plyt&wrm kwiem krn vwsqy Aihsws auTxw SurU ho igAw[

pihlI AwlmI jμg ivc l`KW is`K AμgryzI &Oj ivc BrqI ho ky XUrp, A&rIkw Aqy dUr-pUrvI eySIAW ivc jrmn Aqy aus dy swQIAW dIAW &OjW dy i^lw& lVy[ ies lVweI ivc pμj l`K qoN vD is`K &OjI Swiml sn, ijnHW ivcoN 83000 qoN vD mwry gey Aqy iek l`K 10 hzwr dy krIb z^mI hoey[ pr ies jμg dy ^qm hox qoN bwAd rOlt AYkt, mwrSl lwA Aqy jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc Awm lokW dw kqlyAwm vrgy eInwm imly[

jμg qoN pihlW kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy muswiPrW nwl D`kw, bjbjGwt ivc golIAW nwl is`KW dw mwirAw jwxw Aqy Zdr lihr dOrwn PæWsIAW, szwvW Aqy jwiedwd zbqIAW ny vI is`KW dy idlW ivc AμgryzW vsqy n&rq BrI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw is`KW dy hor vI keI isAwsI msly sn, ijnHW ƒ pyS krn, aunHW bwry j`dojihd krn Aqy h`l krvwaux vwsqy koeI isAwsI plyt&wrm nhIN sI[

ies ƒ mihsUs kr ky v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc bYTy reIs, srdwr bhwdr (sRkwr dy AYvwrf lYx vwly cODrI), vkIl, pRo&Ysr Aqy hor srgrm is`KW ny iek jQybμdI kwiem krn dw crcw clwieAw[ Ajy vI jQybμdI kwiem krn dI ies soc ip`Cy srkwr nwl tkrwA vwlI soc nhIN sI ikauNik ies ip`Cy ijhVy lok sn aunHW ivcoN bhuqy srkwr-pRsq, srkwr dy v&wdwr jW srmweydwr qy jwgIrdwr sn[ Aijhy lok kdy vI srkwrW nwl tkrwA nhIN kirAw krdy[ dUjw, ienHW lokW dy pRogrwm ivc srkwr qoN shUlqW, &wiedy, Ahudy Aqy mYNbrIAW hwsl krnw muK AjMfw sI[

ieM\ hI 1916 ivc lKnaU kwn&rμs ivc ihμdUAW Aqy muslmwnW ny kOslW ivc imlx vwlIAW sItW ivc Awpo-Awpxw kotw nIAq kr ilAw sI qy Aijhw kridAW is`KW ƒ pUrI qrHW nzr-Aμdwz kr idqw sI[ is`K vI cwhuμdy sI ik aunHW ƒ vI sItW imlx Aqy AμgryzI srkwr vloN imlx vwlIAW shUlqW ivc ‘is`K kotw’ nIAq ho jwvy[ ies sbMD ivc jnvrI 1917 ivc suMdr isMG mjIiTAw ny srkwr nUM iek mYmorMfm id`qw qy mMg kIqI ik kONslW ivc is`KW nUM vI aunHW dI puzISn (AbwdI nhIN) muqwibk vKrw kotw id`qw jwvy[ mjIiTAw dI ies koiSS dI pMjwb dy ihMdUAW (muslmwnW ny nhIN) ny BrpUr mu^wl&q kIqI[ aus vyly pMjwb dy nuMmwieMidAW ivcoN 50% muslmwn hoxy sn qy is`KW nUM kotw dUijAW ivcoN imlxw sI Xwin ies dw ihMdUAW nUM is`Dw Gwtw hoxw sI[ ihMdUAW ny hux nvW rwg Alwpxw SurU kr id`qw ik is`K vKrw Drm hI nhIN[ is`KW ny ies swizS dw BrpUr jvwb id`qw[ ies qoN zwihr hY ik cI& Kwlsw dIvwn inrw-purw Dwrimk qy smwjk rol hI Adw nhIN sI kr irhw blik is`K isAwsI h`kW vwsqy vI kuJ-kuJ kwrvweIAW kr irhw sI[ AijhI mYNbrIAW, nwmzdgIAW Aqy Ahudy vZYrw sB imldy qW srkwr-pRsqW ƒ hI sn, ies kr ky is`KW dw iehI (srkwr-pRsq) ih`sw AijhIAW koiSSW kr irhw sI[

mgroN mONtyg-cYms&orf kmytI ny is`KW dy vKry koty dw h`k julweI 1918 ivc kbUl kr ilAw[ &rvrI 1919 swaUQbOro kmytI ny is`KW nUM pMjwb ivc 15% sItW dyx dI is&wrS kIqI[ pr ies ivc Zlq g`l ieh sI ik AKOqI sihjDwrI (drAsl ihMdU) qy keI horW bihrUpIAW nUM vI is`K mMinAw igAw sI[ ies nwl hr ihMdU Awpxy Awp nUM AKOqI sihjDwrI AwK ky cuxy jwx dw h`kdwr bx skdw sI[ is`K jQybMdIAW ny ies ibnwA ’qy coxW dw bweIkwt krn dI DmkI dy id`qI[

(mgroN julweI 1920 ivc kuJ is`K AwgU lMfn gey Aqy sYktrI Aw& styt nUM imly pr aus ny is`KW dI koeI mdd nw kIqI[ mgroN jwieMt pwrlImYNtrI borf ny is`KW dI nuMmwieMdgI 15 qoN 18.75% kr id`qI ijs nwl is`K koty ivc do sItW vD geIAW[ pr ies dy nwl ieh vI ikhw igAw ik votrW nUM rijstrySn vyly Awpxy Awp nUM ihMdU jW is`K AYlwxnw pvygw[ ihMdUAW ny Awpxy Awp nUM bqOr is`K rijstr krn qoN nWh kr id`qI qy ieM\ AKOqI sihjDwrI dy nW ’qy is`K sItW dI T`gI ruk geI)[

ieM\ hI AKOqI sihjDwrI dy nW ’qy ihMdU SRomxI kmytI dy votr vI bxdy rhy[ A^Ir 2004 ivc iek kwnUMn mgroN SRomxI kmytI dw vI ienHW nklI votrW qoN KihVw Cu`itAw[

pr ieh kwrvweIAW isr& kONslW dIAW mYNbrIAW qy srkwr nwl imlvrqx vwlIAW g`lW qk hI mihdUd sn qy dUjw ieh jQybMdI vI ies mksd vwsqy koeI lok Awvwz nhIN sI auTw rhI[ aus vyly ihμdUAW vwsqy kWgrs Aqy muslmwnW vwsqy musilm lIg pihloN hI mOjUd sn[ 30 mwrc 1919 dy idn s:b: g`jx isMG, kONsl dy kuJ hor is`K mYNbr Aqy kuJ is`K reIs lwhOr ivc iek`Ty hoey Aqy aunHW ny is`K h`kW dI iek isAwsI jQybMdI bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[

13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn AMimRqsr ivc jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc jnrl fwier ny 379 bygunwh lokW nUM kql Aqy bwrHW sO qoN vD lokW nUM z^mI kr ky pMjwb ivc dihSq qy nwl hI roh dw mwhOl pYdw kr id`qw (vI.AYn.d`q, jilHAW vwlw bwZ, s&w 121)[ ies dOrwn ArUV isMG srbrwh ny fwier nUM drbwr swihb ivc rsmI isropwE id`qw (eIAwn kwlivn, lweI& Aw& jnrl fwier, s&y 201-02)[ ies nwl is`KW ivc ienHW reIsW qy pujwrIAW vwsqy n&rq dw mwhOl bx igAw[ ies kr ky isAwsI is`K jQybMdI bxwaux dI kwrvweI ivc kuJ icr vwsqy KVoq Aw geI[

s`q mhIny dI ^wmoSI mgroN nvμbr 1919 dy dUjy h&qy ieh srgrm is`K iPr iek`Ty hoey Aqy aunHW ny dsμbr ivc iek v`fw iek`T kr ky ies dw AYlwn krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ muslmwnW dI ‘musilm lIg’ vWg nvIN jQybμdI dw nW vI ‘is`K lIg’ r`iKAw igAw (jo mgroN sYNtrl is`K lIg ho igAw)[

is`K lIg ’qy sRkwr-pRsqW dw kbzw
is`K lIg dw pihlw iejlws 27 dsμbr 1919 dy idn AμimRqsr ivc hoieAw[ ies ivc qkrIbn bwrHW sO is`K Swiml hoey[ ies smwgm ivc srdwr bhwdr g`jx isμG luiDAwxw iek`T dy pRDwn cuxy gey[ pRo: qyjw isμG (ihμdU XUnIvristI) ny Ardws kr ky kwrvweI SurU krvweI[ g`jx isμG ny pRDwngI AYfrYs ivc ikhw, ‘pμjwb ivc is`KW dw h`k Gto Gt iek iqhweI hY[ kONsl dIAW sItW, jufISIArI dIAW AswmIAW, SwhI kimSnW Aqy hr mihkmy ivc ihμdUAW qy muslmwnW dy brwbr hY, ikauNik muAwmlw, rμgrUt (&OjI BrqI), jμg krn ivc is`K iqhweI qoN vI vD ih`sw pwauNdy hn[ …drbwr swihb dw pRμbD Aqy Dwrimk jgIrW is`K kOm dy pRbμD ivc hox[…’

ies mgroN hyT ilKy 15 mqy pws kIqy gey: (1) bwdSwh qy srkwr dI v&wdwrI dw XkIn idvwieAw igAw[ (2) it`kw swihb nwBw ƒ vDweI idqI geI[ (3) SwhI AYlwn ’qy SukrIAw kridAW mμg kIqI ik swry iksm dy isAwsI kYdI irhw kIqy jwx Aqy nzrbμd KulHy kIqy jwx[ (4) ihμdosqwn ƒ hor ibRitS klonIAW vrgI sYl& gvrnimμt idqI jwvy (5) 1919 dy AYkt ivc sYl& gvrnimμt nhIN idqI geI, auh idqI jwvy qy isKW ƒ pμjwb ivc pUry h`k idqy jwx (6) gurduAwirAW qy pμQk jgIrW dw pRbμD Kwlsw jI dy h`Q hovy qy cuxIAW kmytIAW pRbμD krn (7) pμjwb dw p`kw bμdobsq hovy, muAwmlw vDy Gty nw Aqy zmIn dw tYks hovy rYNt nhIN (8) hiQAwrW dy kwƒn ivc qlvwrW ibnW lwiesYNs hox (9) nihrW dw AwibAwxw GtwieAw jwey (10) is`KW ƒ v`fy-v`fy srkwrI AhuidAW ivc h`k dw ih`sw imly[ (11) is`KW ƒ SwhI kimSn hux nwloN vD imilAw krn (12) mdn mohn mwlvIAw qy moqI lwl nihrU dI mdd dw Dμnvwd (13 mhwrwjw PrIdkot dI mOq ’qy A&sos (14) mwrSl lwA dOrwn ijnHW A&srW ny s^qIAW kIqIAW sn aunHW ƒ srkwr szw dyvy (15) &OjW ivc is`KW ƒ ikrpwnW pihxn dI KulH hovy qy ijnHW-ijnHW is`KW ƒ ikrpwnW bdly k`iFAw igAw hY aunHW ƒ muV bhwl kIqw jwvy[

ies smwgm ivc mohn dws krm cMd (gWDI), mdn mohn mwvlIAw, imstr qwieb Aqy Awr.sI. dws vI pu`jy[ bysmJ is`KW ny aunHW dy Awaux ’qy ‘hm Gr swjn Awey’ Sbd gw ky gurbwxI dI byAdbI kIqI[ ies mgroN ^zwn isμG bYirstr ny ikhw ik ‘‘gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny Awpxw isr Byt kr ky mulk dy sμkt dUr kIqy sn qy swƒ jwpdw hY pμfq (mwvlvIAw) jI aunHW dw krzw auqwrn vwsqy pμjwb Awey hn qy swƒ Brosw hY ik Awp is`KW dy AiDkwrW ƒ mμn ky kWgrs vloN vI swƒ swfy h`k duAwxgy[’’ (is`K ispwhI &Irozpur, 2 jnvrI 1920, s&w 3)[

ies mgroN mwlvIAw ny ikhw ‘‘AsIN nOvyN pwqSwh dw krzw jnm-jnmWqrW qk nhIN auqwr skdy[ bwkI AiDkwrW dI g`l ieh hY ik jo Xog s`jx hn auh swfy isr m`Qy ’qy hn[’’ pr aus ny is`KW dy h`kW qy rwKvIAW sItW bwry kuJ vI nw ikhw[ iehI gWDI ny kIqw qy ikhw ‘mwlvI jI myry vfy Brw hn… jo myry vfy BweI jI ny ikhw hY aus ƒ hI mμno[’ AKIr igAwnI gurbKS isμG ny vloN Dμnvwd qy AkwlI kOr isμG dI Ardws mgroN ieh smwgm ^qm hoieAw[ (rozwnw is`K ispwhI, &Irozpur, 2 jnvrI 1920, Agly s&y qy)

is`K lIg v`loN 11 julweI 1920 dy idn syvw rwm isMG, iSvdyv isMG, sohn isMG, au~jl isMG iek fYpUtySn vjoN lMfn pu`jy Aqy brqwnvI sYktrI Aw& styt nUM iml ky pMjwbkONsl ivc is`KW vwsqy 33% numwieMdgI dI mMg kIqI[

dsMbr 1919 dy sYSn ivc 15 mqy pws krn Aqy julweI 1920 ivc lMfn jwx qoN ielwvw is`K lIg ny koeI hor kwrvweI nw kIqI[ gurduAwirAW dy pRbμD bwry qW is`K lIg iblkul hI cu`p rhI[ pr 21 meI 1920 dy idn ‘AkwlI’ A^bwr SurU ho jwx nwl gurduAwrw suDwr lihr qyzI nwl SrU hox lg peI[ 12 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ Akwl q^q swihb dy kbzy mgroN 15 nvμbr 1920 ƒ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμD kmytI kwiem ho geI[ ies hwlq ivc vI is`K lIg ny cu`p v`tI rKI[ Aijhw jwpx lg ipAw ik ies jQybμdI dw swrw rol isr& swlwnw iejlws krn Aqy mqy pws krn qk hI mihdUd hY[

is`K lIg ’qy grm dlIAW dw kbzw
is`K lIg dw dUjw sYSn 20-21 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ lwhOr dy brYflw hwl ivc hoxw sI[ iek h&qw pihlW ies dI pRDwngI KVk isμG isAwlkot ny kbUl kr leI (rozwnw AkwlI, 15 AkqUbr 1920)[ suμdr isμG cwvlw svwgqI kmytI dy pRDwn sn Aqy hwl dI mu`K rOxk sn: bIbI krqwr kOr (isμGxI ZdrI AwgU BweI rxDIr isμG)[ ies qoN ielwvw kwmwgwtwmwrU Aqy Zdr pwrtI dy 50 AwgU styj dy s`jy pwsy iek`Ty bYTy sn[ dIvwn ivc 7 kursIAW jylHW ivc bYTy ZdrI AwgUAW (BweI rxDIr isμG, cqr isμG, inDwn isμG, mdn isμG, jvwlw isμG, Amr isμG qy inDwn isμG) vwsqy, ^wlI r`KIAW hoeIAW sn[

20 qwrI^ dy smwgm ivc 12 vjy fw: sY&-aud-dIn ikclU, muhμmd AlI, SOkq AlI, mOlwxw AbU klm Awzwd pujy[ ies dy pμdrW imμt ip`CoN KVk isμG qy ipRμsIpl qyjw isμG msqUAwxw Awey[ aunHW mgroN mohn dws krm cμd gWDI, aus dI pqnI, cODrI rwm Bj d`q qy cODrI srlw dyvI vI Aw gey[ iPr dunI cμd, Awgw s&dr, lwlw gvrDn dws, BweI prmw nμd vI phuμc gey[ ipRμsIpl qyjw isμG vloN Ardws krn mgroN iek Sbd piVHAw igAw[ jdoN igAwnI gurb^S isμG styj ’qy pu`jw qW AwvwzW AweIAW ik ieh qn^whIAw hY, ies ƒ bolx nw id`qw jwvy[ suμdr isμG cwvlw dy pRDwngI AYfrYs mgroN Amr isμG lwiel Zzt ny KVk isμG dw nW rsmI qOr qy pRDwngI vwsqy pyS kIqw[ ies dI qweId srdUl isμG kvISr, mw: moqw isμG, Amr isμG Jbwl, hrcμd isμG lwielpurI qy ig: gurb^S isμG vkIl ny kIqI[

ies mgroN hrcμd isμG lwielpurI ny kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy Aqy Zdr pwrtI dy kuJ is`KW ƒ styj ’qy bulw ky aunHW dI pCwx krvweI qy nwl hI (bjbj Gwt golI kWf mgroN) Akwl q^q swihb dy pujwrIAW v`loN aunHW ƒ ‘ieh is`K nhIN hn’ kihx dI inμdw kIqI[ (ies vyly fwier ƒ snmwn dyx vwlw vI ig: gurb^S isμG vI hwizr sI qy aus dI qrsXog hwlq vyKx vwlI sI)[

Agly idn 21 AkqUbr ƒ smyN qoN pihlW hI hwl Br cukw sI[ kwrvweI SurU hox qoN pihlW vwlμtIArW ny ApIl kIqI ik hwzr lok AwpxIAW nYktweIAW lwhux dI imhrbwnI krn[ s:b: mihqwb isμG srkwrI vkIl sxy 500 dy krIb lokW ny AwpxI mrzI nwl nYktweIAW lwh ky jybHW ivc pw leIAW[ ies mgroN BweI qyjw isμG msqUAwxw ny Ardws kIqI qy ies mgroN bwkI kwrvweI kIqI geI[ sB qoN pihlW srdUl isμG kvISr ny mwrSl lwA lwgU krn Aqy is`KW qy i^lw&q lihr dy AwgUAW ’qy zulm krn Aqy is`KW dy h`kW dI byprvwhI dw izkr kr ky nwimlvrqx dw mqw pyS kIqw qy ies dy nwl hI ikhw ik: (1) srkwrI i^qwb, AwnryrI mYijstrytIAW, srkwrI mYˆbrIAW C`f idqIAW jwx (2) srkwrI jlisAW qy drbwrW ivc jwxw bμd kIqw jwvy (3) srkwrI qy srkwr dI mdd nwl clx vwly skUlW ’coN b`cy htwauxy SurU kr idqy jwx (4) kcihrIAW ivc muk`dmy iljwx dI QW pμcwieqW A`gy kys pyS kIqy jwieAw krn (5) mYsopotwmIAw (eIrwk) dI BrqI ivc srkwr dI mdd nw kIqI jwvy (6) nvIAW koNslW ’c koeI aumIdvwr nw bxy qy koeI vot pwaux nw jwvy (7) hr ivdySI cIz dw bweIkwt kIqw jwvy[

srdUl isμG kvISr ny ies mgroN ikhw ik bygunwh ZdrI qy hor AwgU jylW iv`c su`ty hoey hn[ SwhI AYlwn hyT ihμdU qy muslmwn kYdIAW ’coN bhuqy C`f idqy gey hn pr BweI rxDIr isμG Aqy hor is`K kYdI Ajy vI jylHW ivc hn[ jilHAW vwly bwg ivc bygunwhW ƒ golIAW nwl aufw idqw igAw[ ies mqy dI ihmwieq qy ivroD ivc AkwlI mμgl isμG, dwn isμG vCoAw, sujwn isμG vkIl, joD isμG, syvw rwm isμG vkIl, gWDI, SOkq AlI, muhμmd AlI, Abul klwm Azwd, Awgw s&dr, jsvμq isμG Jbwl, ig. Syr isμG, suμdr isμG lwielpurI, mw: moqw isμG, sohx isμG (AYfItr d is`K) ny qkrIrW kIqIAW[ au~jl isμG qy qyjw isμG msqUAwxw ny qrmImW pyS kIqIAW jo rih geIAW[ AKIr mqw bhusμmqI nwl pws kIqw igAw[

mqw pws huμidAW hI hridAwl isμG bhjvwl, blvμq isμG reIs ku`lw, lwl isμG SyKUpurw, hrnwm isμG (ipqw spIkr joigMdr isMG mwn qy dwdw ismrnjIq isμG mwn) ny kONsl dI mYNbrI C`fx AYlwn kIqw[ kuμdn isμG, swvn isμG ny nμbrdwrI Cfx dw AYlwn kIqw[ Awqmw isμG AμimRqsrI ny qgæmy qy vrdI, byAμq isμG (luiDAwxw) ny &rWs qy mYsopotwmIAW dy qZmy Aqy pRqwp isμG (gujrwq) ny mYfl vwps krn dw AYlwn kIqw[ sμqoK isμG qy gurb^S isμG ny srkwrI mYfIkl kwlj ’coN pVHnw C`fx dw AYlwn kIqw[

ies qoN mgroN is`K rwjsI kYdIAW dy prvwrW dI mdd vwsqy kmytI bxwaux dw mqw pyS kIqw[ kmytI ’c hyT ilKy nW Swiml kIqy gey: hrcμd isμG qy suμdr isμG (dovyN lwielpur), jsvμq isμG Jbwl, krqwr isμG J`br, ipAwrw isG, bdn isμG, sμq isμG vkIl, qyjw isμG smuμdrI qy guridAwl isμG[

mwstr moqw isμG ny styj ’qy Aw ky AYlwn kIqw ik mYN audoN qk ju`qI nhIN pwvWgw qy isr& iek fμg rotI KwvWgw jd qk is`K kYdI irhw nhIN kr idqy jwxgy[

cis`K lIg dw smwgm 22 AkqUbr ƒ vI cilAw[ ies mOky ’qy rkwb gμj dI kμD bxwaux vwsqy 29 nvμbr ƒ jQw iljwx dw AYlwn kIqw igAw[ KVk isμG ny AwpxI qkrIr ivc is`KW vwsqy vKry h`kW dI gl kridAW ikhw ik ihμdUAW qy muslmwnW ny lKnaU ivc swfy nwl byiensw&I kIqI [ gWDI ƒ vI Awpxy lYkcr ivc Ais`Dy l&zW ivc is`KW leI coxW ivc vKrIAW sItW dI g`l mμnxI peI[

nwimlvrqx dw mqw pws hox mgroN srkwr dy imlvrqxIey is`K lIg ƒ C`f gey qy hOlI-hOlI ieh AkwlI dl qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dw hI dUjw rUp bx geI[ Agly ds swl qk is`K lIg is`K jQybMdIAW dI C`qrI (umbrella organisation) bxI rhI qy is`K msilAW bwry kOmI &Ysly lYNdI rhI[ BwvyN ies au~qy AkwlI pwrtI dw hI kMtrol sI pr iPr vI bwkI is`K AwgUAW dw v`fw ih`sw vI ies dIAW mIitMgW qy knvYnSnW ivc Swiml huMdw rihMdw sI qy is`K lIg vI iek qrHW dy sWJy &Ysly hI ilAw krdI sI[ pr 1932 qoN mgroN ies dy rsmI iejlws vI bμd ho gey Aqy ies dy bhuqy AwgU AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho gey qy kuJ-ku kWgrs ivc vI cly gey[

gurduAwrw suDwr lihr
(AkwlI lihr)
1849 ivc pμjwb ’qy AμgryzW dw kbzw ho igAw[ bRwhmxW Aqy fogirAW dI qwkq vI hux ^qm ho geI[ gurduAwirAW ’qy kwbz mhμq hux AμgryzW dy mwqhq ho gey[ AμgryzW ny gurduAwirAW hI nhIN blik Akwl q^q swihb ’qy vI Awpxw pUrw kμtrol r`iKAw[ srkwr ny mhμqW ƒ BwvyN AwpxI ingrwnI hyT r`iKAw pr aunHW ƒ gurduAwirAW dy cVHwvy ƒ vrqx dI pUrI AwzwdI dy id`qI[ mhMqW ny gurduAwirAW dw cVHwvw AwpxI in`jI jwgIr dI AwmdnI vWg vrqxw SurU kr id`qw[ keI jgh pYsy dI vμf Aqy syvw dy svwl ’qy JgVy vI hoey[

ienHW mhμqW ivcoN bhuqy qW ‘is`K’ vI nhIN sn[ ienHW ivcoN, iek-A`D ƒ C`f ky, swry dy swry bd-ie^lwk, byeImwn, A`XwS qy guμifAW vwlI izμdgI ijaUNdy sn[ ienHW ny gurduAwirAW ƒ, ij`Qy rUhwnIAq dw mwhOl hoxw cwhIdw hY, gunwhW vwsqy vrqxw SurU kIqw hoieAw sI[

dUjy pwsy AMgryz srkwr pMjwb ivc eIsweIAq dy pRcwr ivc kwmXwb nw ho skx mgroN is`KW dy ‘Dwrimk’ AkIdy nUM kmzor krn vwsqy gurduAwirAW ivcoN ‘Drm’ nUM Zwieb vyKxw cwhuMdI sI qy ies nUM bRwhmxI krm kWf ivc bdl ky is`KW nUM kysDwrI ihMdU bxwaux mgroN eIsweIAq vl iljwaux bwry socdI sI[ pr hux is`K ividAk qy isAwsI p`KoN jwg cuky sn qy isMG sBw lihr ny aunHW ivc Dwrimk prp`kqw vI lY AWdI sI[ ies sB ny 1920-25 dI ‘gurduAwrw suDwr lihr’ nUM jnm id`qw[

gurduAwrw l&z dw mwAnw hY: gurU dw duAwrw jW gurU dw Gr[ ies ƒ AsIN ‘gurU ƒ imlx dy rsqy dw dr’ AwK skdy hW; jW ieμ\ AwK lE ik ijs dr ’qy jw ky gurU ƒ hwisl krn v`l tuirAw jw skdw hY[ gurduAwrw l&z, is`K Dwrimk AsQwn vwsqy, au~nHIvIN sdI dy SurU jW ATwrHvIN sdI dy A^Ir ivc vriqAw jwxw SurU hoieAw hY[ hwlW ik ies l&z dI vrqoN gurU nwnk swihb ny keI jgh kIqI sI:
gurU duAwrY hoie soJI pwiesI[[ (s&w 730)
gurU duAwrY AwiK suxwey [[ (s&w 930)
gurU duAwrY hmrw vIAwhu ij hoAw jW shu imilAw qW jwinAw[ (s&w 351)
gurU duAwrY nwau pweIAY, ibnu siqgur plY n pwie[[ (s&w 1015)
gurU Amr dws swihb ny vI ies l&z dI vrqoN kIqI sI:
gurduAwrY soeI bUJY ijs no Awip buJwey[[ (s&w 1234)
guruuAwrY lwie BwvnI, ieknw dsvw duAwru idKwieAw[[ (s&w 922)
gurU rwm dws swihb dI bwxI ivc vI ieh l&z imldw hY :
gurduAwrY hoie kY swihbu sμmwlyhu [[ (s&w 554)
gurU Arjn swihb ny vI ieh l&z vriqAw sI :
gurduAwrY hir kIrqnu suxIAY[[ (s&w 1075)

pr ienHW swirAW SbdW ivc ieh l&z ‘gurduAwrw’ dI iemwrq vwsqy nhIN vriqAw igAw sI[ ienHW ivc gurU dy crnW dI Srx, gurU dI bwxI, gurU dI is`iKAw, gurU dI mq v`l ieSwry hn[ gurU swihb vyly gurduAwry l&z dI vrqoN is`K Drm dy AsQwn vwsqy nhIN huμdI sI[ is`K Drm AsQwn vwsqy, gurU swihb dy vyly, vDyry kr ky, l&z Drmswl hI vriqAw jWdw sI[ BweI gurdws jI pihlI vwr dI 27vIN pauVI ivc ilKdy hn:
Gir Gir Aμdir Drmswl, hovy kIrqnu sdw ivsoAw[
auN\ ‘Drmswl’ l&z gurU nwnk swihb ny vI (jpu jI swihb ivc) iesqymwl kIqw sI aunHW ny ies swrI DrqI ƒ ‘Drmswl’ AwiKAw sI[ BweI gurdws jI dI vwr pμjvyN jW CyvyN pwiqSwh dy vyly dI ilKI hoeI sI qy aus ivc Drmswl l&z dI vrqoN Dwrimk AsQwn vwsqy kIqI geI sI[ Xwin audoN Drm AsQwn ƒ Drmswl ikhw jWdw hovygw[

gurU Amrdws swihb vyly is`K Drm dy pRcwr vwsqy 22 mMjIAW Aqy 52 pIVHy Qwpy gey sn[ ieh swrIAW 74 jgh Drmswl sn[ ienHW jgh ’qy, is`K, hr roz iek`Ty ho ky kIrqn kirAw krdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb vyly krqwrpur, gurU Aμgd swihb vyly KfUr swihb, gurU Amr dws swihb vyly goieμdvwl swihb qy gurU rwmdws swihb vyly ‘gurU dw c`k’ (AμimRqsr) is`KW dy Drmswl vjoN kwiem hoey sn[ ienHW cwrW jgh ’qy gurU swihb dIvwn sjWdy sn, lμgr cldy sn, kIrqn qy kQw dw pRvwh cldw sI[ dyiKAw jwey qW pihly iqμn gurU swihb ny krqwrpur, KfUr swihb Aqy goieμdvwl ivc Drmswlw nhIN bxweIAW blik ikauNik gurU swihb au~Qy rihμdy sn qy aunHW dw Awpxw Gr Drmswlw hI sI [ gurU rwmdws swihb ny is`K-ngr ‘gurU dw c`k’ vsw ky au~Qy sB qoN pihlW srovr (AμimRqsr) bxwieAw[ Ajy vI gurU swihb ny Drmswl nhIN sI bxweI[ gurU swihb dw Gr (gurU dy mihl) hI Drmswl sI[ sB qoN pihlW gurU AsQwn drbwr swihb (hirmμdr swihb) bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies dI auswrI gurU Arjn swihb ny krvweI sI[ 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn gurU gRμQ swihb dw pihlw pRkwS ie`Qy hI kIqw igAw sI[ so, Ajoky gurduAwry dI nINh 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn qoN drbwr swihb, ‘‘gurU dw c`k’’ Sihr (AμimRqsr) ivc r`KI geI sI[ gurU Arjn swihb ny ‘‘gurU dw c`k’’ ivc rwmsr srovr iqAwr krvwieAw[ aunHW ny ‘‘gurU dw c`k’’ qoN ielwvw qrnqwrn ivc vI srovr bxvwieAw, Cyhrtw ivc Cy hrtW vwlw KUh lvwieAw, krqwrpur (jlμDr) vswieAw, ruhIlw dI Qyh ’qy goibμdpur (hux hrgoibμdpur) vswieAw[

is`K kOm dw Dwrimk pRogrwm rUhwnIAq dy nwl-nwl lok syvw vI sI[ gurU Amr dws swihb ny pIx dy pwxI dw mslw h~l krn vwsqy goieMdvwl ivc bwaulI bxvweI[ gurU rwm dws swihb ny sMgqW dy nhwaux vwsqy gurU dw c~k ivc srovr (sμqoKsr) SurU krvwieAw, AμimRqsr srovr bxvwieAw, KUh luAwey[ gurU Arjn swihb ny gurU dw c`k ivc iek hor srovr, gurU dI vfwlI ivc Cyhrtw KUh qy hor keI AsQwn iqAwr krvwey[ Awp ny lwhOr ivc bwaulI bxvweI[ Awp ny Gu`kyvwlI (AμimRqsr) ivc bwg lgvwieAw[ CyvyN pwiqSwh ny vI keI KUh lgvwey[ kIrqpur ngr dw vwDw kIqw[ pihloN Awp ny goibμdpur qy krqwrpur ivc vI vwDw kIqw sI[ Awp ny mwlvy ivc frOlI BweI ivc vI lok-BlweI vwsqy bwaulI bxvweI[ sqvyN qy ATvyN pwiqSwh ny vI lok-BlweI ’c bhuq ih`sw pwieAw[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny ‘‘c`k nwnkI’’ vswieAw[ aunHW ny qlvμfI swbo ’c vI gurUsr (srovr) iqAwr krvwieAw, Dmqwn (izlHw jINd) ivc KUh lvwieAw, bxI bdrpur ’c KUh lvwieAw[ Aswm ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc QVHw bxvwieAw[ Gu`kyvwlI dy bwg ƒ ‘‘gurU dw bwg’’ dI Skl id`qI[ dsvyN pwiqSwh ny Anμdpur, pwauNtw swihb, grU dw lwhOr vswey[ aunHW Anμdpur swihb ’c bwaulI bxvweI, FkOlI ’c bwaulI bxvweI, ikμny hI KUh lvwey, Cy iklHy bxvwey[ gurU swihb lok-BlweI vwsqy keI hor jgh vI KUh, bwaulIAW, srovr, ngr vgYrw bxwauNdy rhy[ ijμny vI ngr gurU swihb ny vswey, swry hI gurU swihb dIAW DrmswlW hI qW sn[ hr jgh gurbwxI dw kIrqn, kQw, dIvwn qy lμgr cldy sn[

dsm pwiqSwh vyly qk l&z Drmswl Awm vriqAw imldw hY[ qwrI^ ivc keI jgh izkr imldw hY ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb id`lI ivc jw ky iek CINby is`K BweI kilAwxw dI Drmswlw ivc hI TihirAw krdy sn[ pμjvyN pwiqSwh ny AμimRqsr srovr dy ivckwr jo muk`ds QW kwiem kIqw aus dw nW drbwr (mgroN drbwr swihb) r`iKAw[ dsvyN pwqSwh ny Anμdpur swihb Aqy kysgVH nW vrqy[ ies qoN ielwvw aunHW vyly Anμdpur swihb ivc sIs gμj, dmdmw swihb XwdgwrW bx cu`kIAW sn[ Aj-klH ienHW dy nW ‘gurduAwrw sIs gμj’ qy ‘gurduAwrw dmdmw swihb’ hn[ gurU swihb dy vyly l&z ‘‘gurduAwrw’’ jW koeI hor nW nhIN sI qy isrP ‘sIs gμj’ qy ‘dmdmw’ hI nW sn; Aqy; gurU swihb ny iksy jgh nwl ‘swihb’ vI nhIN sI lwieAw (gurU jI ny krqwrpur, goieMdvwl, gurU dw c`k, kIrqpur, c`k nwnkI, pwauNtw, AnMdpur – iksy dy nwl swihb nhIN sI lwieAw[ ieh bRwhmxI qrIkw au¤nIvIN sdI dy A^Ir dI kwrvweI hY)[ CyvyN pwiqSwh ny vI gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI vwlI jgh ’qy jo iemwrq bxweI aus dw nW isr& fyhrw swihb hI r`iKAw sI[

gurU swihb qoN mgroN vI XwdgwrI jgh ’qy QVHw bxw id`qw jWdw sI[ ‘‘QVHw swihb’’ qoN ielwvw iek hor nW ‘‘mμjI swihb’’ vI Aksr vriqAw jWdw irhw hY[ sqwrHvIN sdI qk ‘‘gurduAwrw’’ l&z ikqy nhIN imldw[ bwbw bGyl isμG ny id`lI ivc gurU swihb dIAW XwdgwrW bxweIAW[ aunHW ny vI ienHW dy nW sIs gμj, rkwb gμj, bμglw swihb, bwlw swihb r`Ky[ ienHW dy nwl gurduAwrw nW au~nIvIN sdI dy AKIr ’c lwieAw jwxw SurU hoieAw sI[ ^Yr, hux hr is`K Dwrimk QW ƒ gurduAwrw hI AwiKAw jWdw hY[

is`KW dy Dwrimk QWvW ƒ gurduAwrw nW qoN ielwvw audwsIAW dy Aihd ivc ‘fyrw’ qy inrmilAW dy ieμqzwm hyT ‘AKwVw’ vI ikhw jWdw irhw sI[ 1920 qoN mgroN audwsIAW qy inrmilAW ny Awpxy fyry qy AKwVy gurduAwirAW qoN vKirAw ley[ inrmilAW dy fyirAW nUM A`j kl ‘inrml AwSrm’ ikhw jWdw hY qy inrmly Awpxy muKI mhMq nUM ‘sRI mhMq’AwKdy hn[ mOjUdw smyN ‘c ‘mhMq igAwn dyv’ ies Ahudy ‘qy hY qy iehnW dw hY`f kuAwtr knKl (hirduAwr) hY[ienHW dy swry fyirAW ‘c aus fyry dy purwxy mhMqW dIAW smwDIAW huMdIAW hn ijQy sB A-is`K kwrvweIAW kIqIAW jWdIAW hn, Ajoky smyN ‘c inrmly qy audwsI ‘kyswDwrI ihMdU’ pRcwrkW vjoN isKW nUM gumrwh kr rhy hn[ ienHW inrmilAW dI is`K kOm nUM koeI jmHW-p`KI dyx nhIN hY, sgoN ienHW ny is`KI ivc bRhwmxvwd dw pRcwr kIqw hY[

guruAwrw is`K vwsqy pUjw dI jgh nhIN[ ieh is`K vwsqy sB kuJ hY[ gurduAwry ivc sμgq ivc bYTxw, pwT suxnw, kIrqn qy kQw suxnI is`K dI G`to-G`t zrUrq hY[ ies ibnW is`K ADUrw hY, k`cw hY, bOxw hY[ sμgq ivc nw Awaux vwlw is`K is`KI dI iek v`fI KUbI qoN vWiJAw rihμdw hY[ is`K ƒ sμgq ivc gurU swihb dIAW inSwnIAW nzr AwauNdIAW hn[ s`cI sμgq qW is`K vwsqy ‘‘s`cKμf’’ hY[ s`cI sμgq ivc vwihgurU Awp vsdw hY[

gurduAwrw, sμgq, pμgq, lμgr is`K dI BweIcwrk izμdgI dw Durw hY[ is`K ieQoN rUhwnIAq, BweIcwrk ipAwr Aqy kOmIAq dIAW KUbIAW is`Kdw hY[ gurduAwrw is`K dw rUhwnI, ielmI, BweIcwrk qy kOmI skUl hY[ ijvyN skUl jwey ibnW koeI vI pws nhIN ho skdw ieμ\ hI guruAwry jwey ibnW is`K ADUrw hY[

s`cI sμgq ivc gurU Awp hwizr hY[ ijs ny gurU dy drSn krny hn, aus ƒ sμgq ivc jwxw hI pvygw[ ijs ny jnm mrn dy fr qoN mukqI pwauxI hY Aqy vwihgurU dI drgwh ivc kbUl hoxw hY, aus ƒ gurduAwry bwkwiedw jwxw peygw qy jwxw vI SrDw nwl peygw[ gurduAwry ivc jw ky ^udI ƒ Bulwauxw hovygw[

Aijhy AsQwn, ij`Qy gurU hwizr hovy, ijhVw gurU dw duAwrw hovy, ijQoN vwihgurU nwl myl dw rsqw l`Bxw hovy, aus dw mwhOl Aijhw hoxw cwhIdw hY ik au~Qy rUhwnIAq dI KuSbU qwrI hovy[ au~Qy rUhwnIAq dIAW inSwnIAW qW hI nzr AwauxgIAW jy aus dI syvw-sμBwl krn vwly syvwdwrW ivc rUhwnIAq dw vwsw hovy[ gurU-Gr dI syvw-sμBwl ikho ijhy S^s krngy, ies bwry gurU swihb ny Awp disAw sI[ ies dI zwhrw imswl gurU swihb dI qvwrI^ ivcoN imldI hY[

is`K gurDwmW dI syvw-sμBwl sB qoN pihlW bwbw bu`Fw jI dI JolI ivc peI sI[ 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn bwbw bu`Fw jI ƒ drbwr swihb dy gRμQI dI syvw qy nwl hI ies QW dI syvw-sμBwl vI b^SI geI[ jdoN 31 dsμbr 1612 dy idn gurU hrgoibμd swihb gurU dw c`k (AμimRqsr) qoN id`lI v`l jwx lgy sn qW Awp drbwr swihb ivc (gurU) gRMQ swihb dy pRkwS dI syvw-sμBwl bwbw bu`Fw jI Aqy Akwl q^q swihb dy QVHy dI syvw-sμBwl BweI gurdws jI ƒ sONp gey sn (syvw sONpI sI koeI AKOqI jQydwr nhIN sn bxw gey)[ ieμ\ hI lwhOr ivc gurU rwmdws swihb jI Drmswlw dI syvw-sμBwl ipμf nwnoky dy BweI lμgwh ƒ sONpI geI[ ApRYl 1698 ivc gurU goibμd isμG swihb ny drbwr swihb dI syvw-sμBwl vwsqy BweI mnI isμG jI ƒ qwienwq kIqw sI[ Awp dy nwl BweI BUpq isμG, BweI gulzwr isμG, BweI koier isμG cμdrw, BweI dwn isμG qy BweI kIrq isμG Byjy gey sn[ 5-6 dsμbr 1705 dI rwq ƒ jdoN dsvyN pwiqSwh ny Anμdpur swihb C`ifAw qW Awp Anμdpur swihb dI syvw-sμBwl BweI gurbKS dws ƒ sONp gey sn[ ieμ\ hI hzUr swihb (nMdyV) dy AsQwnW dI syvw-sμBwl BweI sμqoK isμG ƒ id`qI geI sI[ imslW vyly vI drbwr swihb dI syvw-sμBwl jQydwr gurbKS isμG lIlH (ShId) krdy rhy sn[ qlvμfI swbo dI syvw bwbw dIp isμG kol sI[ ATwrHvIN sdI ivc gurduAwirAW dI syvw-sμBwl bu`Fw dl krdw irhw sI[ ies dl ivcoN vI imsl ShIdW ny ^ws qOr ’qy syvw sμBwl kIqI[ kuJ vkq, jdoN is`KW ƒ pnwhgwhW ivc rihxw ipAw, ieh syvw audwsI gopwl dws ny vI kIqI[ jdoN cVHwvw vD igAw qW gopwl dws lwlcI ho igAw[ aus dI kur`pSn ƒ T`lH pwaux vwsqy cμcl isμG, qy mgroN Awqmw isμG, ny syvw sμBwlI[ ies mgroN bwbw nYxw isμG AkwlI qy Pyr PUlw isμG AkwlI ny drbwr swihb dI syvw sμBwl kIqI[ AkwlI PUlw isμG qoN mgroN mhμqW dI vwrI Aw geI jo 1920 ivc is`K pμQ ny ^qm kr id`qI Aqy SRomxI pRbμDk kmytI ny gurduAwirAW dw ieμqzwm sμBwilAw[

ies dOrwn is`KW dw vDyry iDAwn drbwr swihb Aqy nwnkwxw swihb v`l irhw[ kIrqpur Aqy Anμdpur swihb soFIAW dI syvw sμBwl ivc TIk cldy rhy sn[ gurduAwirAW ivc sB qoN v`fw mslw ieh sI ik mhμq aunHW ƒ AwpxI jwiedwd smJdy sn[

drbwr swihb, AμimRqsr
drbwr swihb dI syvw sμBwl imsl ShIdW kol sI; 1799 ivc ies imsl dy jQydwr AkwlI PUlw isμG sn[ 1799 ivc rxjIq isμG ny lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1804 ivc aus ny AμimRqsr ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ aus ny AμimRqsr Sihr dI dyKBwl lihxw isμG mjITIAw ƒ sμBwl id`qI[ lihxw isμG ny drbwr swihb dI syvw-sμBwl dy msly ’qy AkwlI PUlw isμG ƒ kdy vI d^l nw id`qw[

1839 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isμG tur igAw[ AkwlI PUlw isμG pihloN hI ShId ho cu`ky sn[ aunHW dI ShIdI qoN pihlW Aqy aus mgroN vI rxjIq isμG dI srkwr shI mwAinAW ivc fogry Aqy BeIey bRwhmx hI clw rhy sn[ aunHW ny drbwr swihb qy hor v`fy gurduAwirAW dy mhμqW ƒ vI Awpxy h`QW ivc lY ilAw[ gurduAwirAW ivc Zlq rvwieqW SurU ho geIAW[ (A`j ijμnIAW vI Zlq rvwieqW gurduAwirAW ivc nzr Aw rhIAW hn, auh swrIAW fogirAW dI swizS hyT audwsI Aqy inrmly mhμqW (jo drAsl ihMdU sn) ny SurU kIqIAW sn)[

mwrc 1849 ivc AμgryzW ny pμjwb ’qy kbzw kr igAw[ gurduAwirAW ’qy kwbz mhμq hux AμgryzW dy mwqihq ho gey[ AμgryzW ny Awm gurduAwirAW hI nhIN blik drbwr swihb ’qy vI Awpxw pUrw kμtrol r`iKAw pr mhMqW ƒ gurduAwirAW dy cVHwvy ƒ vrqx dI pUrI AzwdI dy id`qI[ mhMqW ny gurduAwirAW dw cVHwvw AwpxI in`jI jwgIr dI AwmdnI vWg vrqxw SurU kr id`qw[ hux gurduAwirAW ivc mnmiq dy nwl nwl gunwh qy jurm vI Awm hox lg pey[

drbwr swihb dw dsqUr-ie-Aml
1859 ivc rwjw qyjw isMh (ieh auhI bRwhmx qyj rwm imsr sI ijs ny pMjwb ‘qy AMgryzW dw kbzw krvwieAw sI), imstr kUpr (AμimRqsr dw AMgryz ifptI kimSnr) Aqy joD isμG srbrwh ny iek mIitμg (5 qoN 12 sqμbr 1859) kr ky AμimRqsr Aqy qrn qwrn dy gurduAwirAW dy cVHwvy Aqy gRMQIAW Aqy syvwdwrW dIAW ifaUtIAW bwry zwbqw (dsqUr-ie-Aml) iqAwr kIqw[ ies KrVy ’qy is`K AwgUAW, ifptI kimSnr AμimRqsr qoN ielwvw srbrwh, gRμQIAW Aqy pujwrIAW ny vI Awpxy dsq^q kIqy[ ies mOky ’qy drbwr swihb AμiRmqsr Aqy qrn qwrn dy pRμbD vwsqy iek kmytI vI bxweI geI[ ies ivc Swiml sn: rwjw qyjw isμh, SmSyr isμG sμDwvwlIAw, rwjw sUrq isμG mjITIAw, Bgvwn isμG, igAwnI prdumn isμG (poqw igAwnI sMq isMG qy p`uqr igAwnI gurmuK isMG), gulwb isμG BwgovwlIAw, jYml isμG Kμfw, srdUl isμG, rwey mUl isμG, rwjw isμG mwn[ ieh kmytI kuJ icr kwiem rhI[ mgroN srkwr ny ies dI jgh iek hor kmytI bxw id`qI[ ies ivc mYNbr sn: rwjw idAwl isμG, rwjw hrbμs isμG, Twkr isμG sμDwvwlIAw, AjIq isμG AtwrI vwlw, Arjn isμG cwhl, rwey kilAwx isμG, Aqr isμG BdOV, jgq isμG jINd[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy vyly qk AMimRqsr dI cuMgI drbwr swihb nUM imldI huMdI sI[ jd AMgryzW ny imaUNspl kmytI bxweI qW ieh cuMgI aus nUM imlx lg peI[ ies ivcoN isr& 2% drbwr swihb dI rOSnI Aqy pwxI vZYrw dy ^ricAW vwsqy ^rc hox lg ipAw[

kuJ swl iesy qrHW cldw irhw pr srbrwh, gRμQI qy pujwrI Awpo-AwpxI clWdy rhy[ jdoN aunHW ivc JgVw huμdw qW auh srkwr dI bxweI kmytI qk phuμc krdy[ ies qoN ielwvw kmytI dI koeI pu`C pVqwl nhIN sI[ sμn 1881 ivc ieh kmytI vI ^qm ho geI[ hux srkwr ny drbwr swihb dw ieMqzwm pUrI qrHW Awpxy h`Q ivc lY ilAw[ hux srbrwh is`Dw srkwr dI mrzI nwl kμm krdw sI[ aus ƒ is`KW dI koeI pRvwh nhIN sI[ aunHW idnW ivc isμG sBw lihr SurU ho cu`kI sI[ is`K AwgUAW ny srkwr ƒ phuμc kr ky gurduAwirAW dw ieμqzwm TIk krn vwsqy iek kmytI bxwaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ pμjwb dy lY&tInYˆt gvrnr ƒ kuJ is`K rwjy Aqy is`K AwgU vI imly[ g`l Bwrq dy vwiesrwey lwrf irpn qk vI phuμcI[ ies ’qy pμjwb dy lY&tInYˆt gvrnr Awr.eI. eIjrtn ny vwiesrwey ƒ ic`TI ilK ky ^brdwr kIqw:
“I think it would be politically dangerous to allow the management of the Sikh shrines to fall into the hands of a Committee emancipated from government control and I trust your Excellency will assist to pass such orders in the case as will enable to continue the system which has worked out successfully for more than 30 years…” R.E. Egerton 8-11-1881
(myrw i^Awl hY ik is`K gurduAwirAW dw ieμqzwm iek AijhI kmytI, jo srkwrI kμtrol qoN Awzwd hovy, dy h`Q ivc dyxw, isAwsI p`K qoN ^qrnwk hovygw Aqy mYN aumId krdw hW ik jnwb Aijhy hukm jwrI krvwaux ivc mddgwr hoxgy, ijs nwl ipCly 30 swl qoN kwmXwbI nwl cldw ieμqzwm jwrI rhygw[)

Aμgryz srkwr ieh kdy vI nhIN cwhuμdI sI ik gurduAwirAW dw ieμqzwm is`KW dy h`QW ivc clw jwvy[ gurduAwirAW dy ieμqzwm vwsqy iek kmytI bxn nwl, is`KW vwsqy iek plyt&wrm, iek jmwq, iek ieqhwd Aqy iek qwkq bx jwxI sI[ (ijvyN A`j bx cu`ikAw hY[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI Aj Awpxy Awp ivc iek pUrI hkUmq hY (state within a state) hY[ ies dw haUAw 1881 qy 1920-25 ivc vI Enw hI sI, ijμnw ik A`j 2008 ivc hY)[

aunHW idnW ivc drbwr swihb dy pujwrIAW dy JgVy bwry iek muk`dmw Adwlq ivc clw igAw[ 1886 ivc mukdmw nμbr 807, nrYx isμG bnwm Bgq isμG, ivc dIvwnI Adwlq ny &Yslw id`qw ik ‘35 swl qoN v`D aumr dw, isr& rihqDwrI is`K hI drbwr swihb dw gRμQI bx skdw hY[’’ ies nwl koeI v`fw Prk qW nw ipAw pr gurduAwirAW dy gRμQI bxn dy nW ’qy ihμdUAW dw d^l kuJ Gt igAw[

aus vyly isμG sBw lihr SurU ho cu`kI sI[ isμG sBw lihr ny skUl KolHx, Drm pRcwr krn Aqy is`K klcr ƒ sμBwlx vl vDyry iDAwn id`qw[ pr aunHW ny nw qW is`K isAwsq ivc koeI rol Adw kIqw qy nw hI gurduAwirAW dI hwlq dw vDyry iKAwl kIqw[ mhμq, pujwrI qy srbrwh idno-idn Awp-hudry huμdy jw rhy sn[ gurduAwirAW ivc A-is`K mirAwdw lwgU ho rhI sI[ ibRitS srkwr ies ivc KuS sI ik is`K Drm ivc imlwvt vDy, is`KI dw pRcwr Gty, gurduAwirAW dI hwlq ^rwb hovy[ is`KW dw nukswn ibRitS srkwr Aqy eIsweI imSn dy &wiedy ivc sI[

ies mwhOl ivc 5 mwrc 1892 dy idn Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr dI nINh r`KI geI[ ies ny is`KW ƒ ielm p`KoN BrpUr kIqw[ ies kwlj dy pRoPYsrW qy ividAwrQIAW ny A`goN jw ky is`K kOm dI lIfriSp ivc Aihm rol Adw kIqw[

ienHIN idnIN pμc Kwlsw dIvwn BsOV vI Drm prcwr dw srgrm kμm kr irhw sI[ 30 AkqUubr 1902 dy idn cI& Kwlsw dIvwn vI kwiem ho igAw sI[ aunHW dohW ny isμG sBw lihr dw pRogrwm ApxweI r`iKAw[ ies qoN ielwvw ‘‘is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rμsW’’ vI is`KW ƒ Awpxy h`kW bwry ^brdwr krn Aqy iek lVI ivc pRox ivc kuJ rol Adw krdIAW rhIAW[ hOlI-hOlI hr pwsy skUl KulHxy SurU ho gey[ Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr Aqy is`K skUlW ny is`K AwgUAW qy ivdvwnW dI iek v`fI kqwr KVI kIqI[ ienHW iv`coN muK sn: mwstr qwrw isμG, mwstr moqw isμG, mwstr suμdr isμG, pRo: joD isμG, bwvw hrikSn isμG, pRo. inrμjn isμG, hY~fmwstr mihqwb isμG, gopwl isμG kOmI, AkwlI mμgl isμG, igAwnI krqwr isμG, igAwnI hIrw isμG drd, srdUl isμG kvISr qy hor keI[ ienHW AdwirAW dy syvwdwrW qoN ielwvw hor vI keI is`K ies mwhOl ivc lIfriSp ’c Swiml hoey, ijvyN hrcμd isμG lwielpurI, qyjw isμG smuμdrI, krqwr isG J`br, dwn isμG vCoAw, Amr isμG, srmuK isμG qy jsvμq isμG (Jbwl Brw), hrbμs isμG AtwrI, Amr isμG (Syry pμjwb) vgYrw[

gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dIAW jμmx-pIVW
aunHW idnW ivc mhMqW ny gurduAwirAW nUM injI jwiedwdW bxw ky Kurd burd krnw vI SurU kIqw hoieAw sI[ qrnqwrn dy pujwrIAW ny iek buMgw eIsweIAW nUM vyc id`qw qy ies dw kys Adwlq ivc igAw[ 5 jnvrI 1907 nUM ies kys dw &Yslw is`KW dy h`k ivc hoieAw[ pMjw swihb dy mhMq im`Tw isMG ny gurduAwry dI zmIn Awpxy nW hyT kr leI hoeI sI[ ieMj hI AkwlI &Ulw isMG dy ShIdI AsQwn dI zmIn vI au~QoN dy mhMq ny vyc id`qI sI[

ienHW idnW ivc mhMq is`KI jIvn vwilAW nwl vI ivqkrw krdy rihMdy sn[ hlWik 27 AkqUbr 1879 (12 k`qk 1936) dy idn Akwl q^q swihb Aqy drbwr swihb dy pujwrIAW ny iek ‘hukmnwmy’ rwhIN is`KW nUM ApIl vI kIqI sI ik auh isMG sBw lihr nUM kwmXwb bxwaux[ pr dUjy pwsy nMdyV dy pujwrIAW ny Akwl q^q, ptnw qy kysgVH dy pujwrIAW nUM ic`TIAW ilK ky ikhw sI ik isMG sBIAW nwl imlvrqx nhIN krnw cwhIdw ikauNik auh muslmwnW qy dilqW nUM pwhul dy ky is`K bxw rhy sn[ ie`Qy ieh g`l kwbly-izkr hY ik isMG sBw qy Kwlsw dIvwn BsOV dIAW koiSSW hyT keI muslmwn is`K bxy sn ijnHW ivc 13-14 jUn 1903 nUM mOlvI krIm b^S (lKbIr isMG) qy rukn dIn mihqwb isMG bIr) ny i&lOr ivc qy 11 Agsq 106 nUM Sy^ Aihmd dIn isAwlkot ijs ny Akwl q^q swihb ’qy AMimRq CikAw sI) vI Swiml sn[

drbwr swihb dI hwlq vI byh`d ^rwb sI[ ies ƒ swhvyN r`KidAW Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr ny 8 ApRYl 1907 dy idn Awpxy SYSn (6 qoN 8 ApRYl) ivc mμg kIqI ik drbwr swihb dw, srkwr v`loN nwmzd srbrwh htw ky, ies gurduAwry dy ieμqzwm vwsqy is`K muKIAW dI iek kmytI bxweI jwey Aqy nvW dsqUr-ie-Aml iqAwr kIqw jwey[ 9-10 ApRYl 1907 dy iek iek`T ivc vI qrnqwrn qy hor gurduAwirAW dI hwlq ’qy i&kr dw iezhwr kIqw igAw[ pr srkwr ny ienHW miqAW dI koeI prvwh nw kIqI[

1912 ivc krqwr isμG J`br ny ‘‘Kwlsw dIvwn, Krw sOdw bwr’’ nW dI jQybμdI bxw ky gurduAwrw suDwr dw mu`Flw kμm SurU kIqw[ (mgroN ies dw nW ‘‘AkwlI dl Krw sOdw bwr’’ r`K id`qw igAw)[ 1914 ivc BweI mihqwb isμG bIr ny ‘‘Kwlsw ibrwdrI kwrj swDk dl’’ jQw bxw ky dilqW ivc is`KI dy pRcwr dI muihMm SurU kIqI[

rkwb gμj dI dIvwr Fwhuxw
14 jnvrI 1914 dy idn ibRitS srkwr ny vwiesrwie dI koTI v`l is`DI sVk bxwaux vwsqy gurduAwrw rkwb gμj id`lI dI dIvwr Fwh id`qI[ is`KW ivc ies dy iKlw& ros jwigAw[ hrcμd isμG reIs qy mwstr suμdr isμG lwielpurI qy kuJ horW ny ies msly ƒ is`K pμQ A`gy pyS kIqw[ 10 qoN 12 ApRYl 1914 ƒ is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rμs jlμDr ivc hoeI[ mwstr suμdr isμG qy hrcμd isμG ny kwn&rμs ivc gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dw mslw auTwauxw cwihAw[ jdoN kmytI vwly nw mμny qW ienHW ny au~cI Avwz ivc hwzr is`KW ivc mslw r`Kxw cwihAw[ ies ’qy kwn&rμs kmytI ny puils dI mdd nwl aunHW ƒ kwn&rμs iv`coN k`F id`qw[ ies mgroN ienHW ny jlμDr stySn ’qy Aw ky iek jlsw kr ky lokW ƒ hwlwq d`sy Aqy gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dI kμD muV auswrn dI mμg kIqI[ ies ’qy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny mjbUrI ivc 3 meI 1914 ƒ AμimRqsr ’c kuJ Kws is`KW dw iek`T bulwieAw[ ies iek`T ivc 245 pqvμqy Swiml hoey[ ienHW ivc bhuqy jwgIrdwr jW srkwr p`KI sn[ ies mIitμg ny rOly-gOly ivc Cy mqy pws kIqy[ ieh mqy srkwr A`gy imμnqW vrgy sn[ ijvyN ik:

“bVI inmrqw nwl srkwr dI syvw ivc bynqI kIqI jWdI hY ik srkwr gurduAwry dI zmIn Aqy gurduAwry dI bwhrlI kμD ƒ pihlI AslI hwlq ivc kwiem kr dyvy[ pr jy srkwr kuJ zrUrI kwrnW kr ky aus dSw ƒ bdlxw cwhy qd ies kmytI dI rwie ivc ieh qW pRvwn krn dy Xog hovygI ik gurduAwry dI zmIn dy rkby ƒ Gtwey ibnW ies swfI QW ƒ ies Fμg nwl ivaUNq idqI jwvy ik gurduAwrw ies ivckwr Aw jwvy Aqy ies dy dohIN pwsIN sVkW lμGdIAW hox[ ieh swrw kMm is`KW dI iek pRbMDk kmytI dI ingrwnI ivc hovy, ijs nUM srkwr ies kMm leI mwlI mdd dyvy[”

dUjy mqy rwhIN srkwr nUM Arz kIqI geI ik “idn rwq is`KW nUM gurduAwrw rkwb gMj ivc Awaux qy Tihrn dI KulH hovy[ 7 muKI is`KW dI iek kmytI bxweI jwey jo gurduAwrw rkwb gMj Aqy nvIN id`lI dy hor gurduAwirAW dI dyK Bwl Aqy pRbMD kry[ gurduAwirAW dy ^rc nUM clwaux vwsqy rwiesInw ipMf dI zmIn dy bdly srkwr kw&I nihrI zmIn dyvy[”

ieho ijhy iF`ly mqy srkwr ny mnzUr kr lYxy sn, pr ieh g`l nhIN sI mμnxI ik gurduAwry dy nwl lgdI zmIn ijauN dI iqauN hI rihx id`qI jwvy[ srkwr ies g`l vwsqy qW pihloN hI iqAwr sI ik zmIn dy brwbr dI zmIn dy id`qI jwvy[ srkwr ny bwrI doAwb ivc 30 mur`by zmIn dyxI mMn vI leI[ cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dw mqw srkwr dI pySkS dI hI qrjmwnI krdw sI, pr Awm is`K nhIN mμndy sn[ ies mqy dw mqlb sw& sI ik ‘‘srkwr ƒ dIvwr bxwaux dI koeI zrUrq nhIN qy ijμnI zmIn srkwr ny lYxI hovy lY lvy qy iksy hor pwisEN dy dyvy[” ieh qW is`DI srkwr dI ihmwieq sI[

ies dy i^lw& lwielpur dy isrkrdw AwgUAW ny bVw rOlw pwieAw pr cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny ienHW dI zrw vI pRvwh nw kIqI[ 31 meI 1914 ƒ lwhOr dI lμfy mμfI ivc is`K muKIAW dw iek v`fw iek`T hoieAw[ ies iek`T ivc Swiml hox vwilAW hornW AwgUAW ivc mw: moqw isμG qy lwielpur dy mw: suμdr isμG, mw: qwrw isμG qy hrcμd isμG qy BweI rxDIr isμG vI sn[ ies jlsy qoN bwAd keI hor QWvW ’qy vI jlsy hoey ijnHW ivc cI& Kwlsw dIvwn Aqy srkwr dI inμdw kIqI geI[ ies sbμD ivc Kwlsw dIvwn hWgkWg ny vI vwiesrwey ƒ qwr ByjI ik ‘‘srkwr gu: rkwb gμj dI kμD &Orn auswr dyvy nhIN qW is`K hr qrHW dI kurbwnI krn leI mjbUr hoxgy[’’

Agsq 1914 ivc pihlI jμg SurU ho geI[ lwielpur dy ifptI kimSnr ny hrcμd isμG ƒ bulw ky ikhw ‘‘hux jμg SurU ho cukw hY, qusIN rkwb gμj dI jdojihd bμd kr idE[ srkwr ny kμD FwhuxI bμd kr id`qI hY[ ies ƒ muV ky ikvyN cVwauxw hY? ieh g`l jμg dy Kwqmy mgroN is`K nuμmwieμidAW dI slwh nwl &Yslw kr ky kr id`qI jwvygI[’’ hrcμd isμG lwielpurI srkwrI vwAdw lY ky vkqI qOr ’qy cup kr gey[ so, aus vyly morcw lgdw-lgdw rih igAw[

iek pwsy qW srkwr ny is`KW qoN mdd mμgI qy dUjy pwsy aunHIN idnIN hI kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy muswi&rW nwl D`kw qy zulm kIqw[ ienHIN idnIN hI Zdr lihr SurU ho geI[ Zdr lihr BwvyN nwkwmXwb rhI qy ies dy swry lIfr jylHW ivc bμd kr id`qy gey (qy keI &WsI cVHw id`qy gey) pr ies ny vrkrW dI iek lμbI kqwr KVHI kr id`qI[ mgroN, ienHW ivcoN bhuqy vrkr SRomxI AkwlI dl qy bbr AkwlI dl nwl juV gey[

Agsq 1914 ivc hI AMimRqsr dy ifptI kimSnr ikMg ny AMimRq srovr ivc rwvI dirAw dw pwxI jo hMslI rwhIN AwauNdw sI) pwaux ’qy rok lw id`qI qy iek itaUbvY~l rwhIN pwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ is`KW ny ies dw vI zbrdsq ivroD kIqw[

nvμbr 1918 ivc pihlI v`fI jμg mu`k geI pr srkwr ny gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dI dIvwr nw bxweI[ (mgroN ieh dIvwr dsMbr 1920 ivc audoN bxI jdoN is`KW ny iek ShIdI jQw iljw ky Awp kMD bxwaux dw AYlwn kIqw (dIvwr bxn dI q&sIl vyKo: iesy ikqwb ivc 1920 dI qvwrI^ vwly ih`sy ivc)[

jMg ^qm hox mgroN srkwr ny iek hor ienwm ‘‘rOlt AYkt’’ bxw ky id`qw[ ies dy nwl hI 13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc jnrl rYijnl AYfvrf hYrI fwier ny byvjh golIAW clw ky 379 bμdy ShId qy 1137 z^mI kr ky nvIN BwjI pw id`qI[ mwrSl lwA hyTW bhuq swry lok igR&qwr kIqy gey[ A^Ir 23 julweI 1919 dy idn mwrSl lwA vwips lY ilAw igAw[ mwrSl lwA mu`kx mgroN, ihμdUAW ny kWgrs Aqy muslmwnW ny muslm lIg ƒ jQybμd krnw SurU kr id`qw[ ieDr, gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dy msly ’qy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn is`KW ’coN AwpxI swK guAw bYTw sI[ ies hwlq ivc is`KW ny iek nvIN jQybμdI dI zrUrq mihsUs kIqI[ ies dy nqIjy vjoN 27 dsμbr 1919 dy idn is`K lIg (mgroN sYNtrl is`K lIg) kwiem hoeI (q&sIl vyKo: ‘is`K lIg dw rol’ ivc)[

AkwlI lihr dI SurUAwq
is`K lIg BwvyN dsμbr 1919 ivc kwiem ho geI sI pr ies ny isAwsI jW Dwrimk p`KoN koeI kwrvweI nw kIqI[ cwr pμj mhIny lμG jwx mgroN vI is`K lIg Ajy isr& kwZzI jQybμdI sI[ dUjy pwsy, sμjIdw is`K AwgU gurduAwirAW dI inGrI hoeI hwlq qoN vI pRySwn sn[ v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc is`K AwgU gurduAwirAW dw ieμqzwm TIk krvwaux vwsqy ivcwrW kr rhy sn[ mhμqW ny gurduAwirAW ƒ AXwSI qy gunwh dy A`fy bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ drbwr swihb dI hwlq sB qoN v`D ^rwb sI[ ies leI is`KW dw iDAwn sB qoN pihlW Aqy sB qoN vD drbwr swihb dy mhμqW ƒ htwx v`l iKicAw igAw[ AμgryzW ny drbwr swihb dw srbrwh,
Awpxw iek jI hzUrIAw, AwnryrI mYijstryt ArUV isμG (nuSihrw nμglI) ƒ QwipAw hoieAw sI[ drbwr swihb qrn qwrn dI hwlq hor vI BYVI sI[ AμimRqsr Aqy qrn qwrn, dohW ngrW dy gurduAwry, srbrwh ArUV isμG dy mwqihq sn[

isμG sBw qrn qwrn dI iek irport ivc qrn qwrn gurduAwry dI hwlq bwry ieμ\ drj hY:
‘‘…misAw dw ieh mylw pμjwb ivc pihly drjy dy gμdy myilAW ivc igixAw jWdw sI[ bwhr qoN Awey lok Srwb pI ky prkrmw ivc AwauNdy; guμifAW, bdmwSW dIAW tolIAW prkrmW ivc dohVy lwauNdIAW qy gμd bkdIAW, nwcIAW dy nwc huμdy; byrW qy lfUAW dIAW JolIAW bIbIAW ’qy KwlI huμdIAW[ mCry hoey gBrU fWgW moiFAW qy r`KI b`kry bulONdy qy CyVKwnIAW krdy iPrdy[ D`ky pYNdy, lVweIAW ho pYNdIAW qy keIAW dy isr KulH jWdy[ bIbIAW dI bypqI huμdI, corIAW huμdIAW[ drSnI ifauVHI dy A`gy kμjrIAW dy mujry huμdy qy rwsW pYNdIAW Awidk[’’

iesy qrHW nwnkwxw swihb dw hwl sI[ pihlW mhμq swDU rwm, iPr ikSn dws Aqy hux nrYx dws ieQoN dw mhμq sI[ ieh iqμny SrwbI-kbwbI Aqy A`XwS sn[ is`K sμgqW ienHW dIAW krqUqW qoN duKI sn[ ieM\ hI Agsq 1906 ivc keI XwqrUAW ny vyiKAw ik mukqsr dy pujwrI ny Srwb pIqI hoeI sI Aqy gwx vjwaux ivc l`gw hoieAw[ mhμq im`Tw isμG (pμjw swihb) ny gurduAwry dI zmIn Awpxy nW krw leI sI[ mhμq mukμd isμG (ptnw swihb) ny ‘isμG sBIAW’ dw q^q ’qy cVHnw bμd kr id`qw[ drbwr swihb AμimRqsr dy pujwrI BweI pRqwp isμG ny ‘Anμd mYirj AYkt’ dI mu^wl&q kIqI sI[

mhMqW dw qW ieh hwl sI ik auh Awpxy Awp nUM gurduAwirAW dy mwlk-trstI smJdy sn[ iek vwr iek mhMq ny Adwlq ivc ieh vI ikhw sI: “mYN sRI-mhMq hW[ myry nwl sbMDq 300 gurduAwry hn[ myry sRI-mhMq hox dw sbUq ieh hY ik mYnUM srkwr v`loN BMg dIAW do byVIAW mw& hn jo mYN sbMDq gurduAwirAW ivc Got ky pIx vwsqy Byjdw hW[”

ieμ\ hI 4 PrvrI 1918 ƒ imaUNspl kmytI AμimRqsr ny mqw pws kIqw sI ik s&weI ƒ nzr ivc r`K ky sμqoKsr srovr ƒ pUr id`qw jwvy[ (bwAd ivc ieh mqw vwps lY ilAw)[ sμqoKsr srovr ivc lokW dIAW nwlIAW dw pwxI pYNdw sI[ lok kpVy vI DoNdy sn Aqy hlvweI Awpxy brqn au~Qy sw& kirAw krdy sn[ drbwr swihb AμimRqsr ivc mμfI l`gI huμdI sI[ ikqy pUrI kcOrI ivk rhI hY[ ikqy gopI qy ikRSn dy ieSk Bry gIq gwey jw rhy hn[ ikqy gyrUey rμg dy kpiVAW ivc BysDwrI, Drm dI AwV ’c, keI gunwh kr rhy sn[

ies dy nwl iek hor Srmnwk is`KI ivroDI hrkq ieh sI ik drbwr swihb AμimRqsr ivc P`ty l`gy hoey sn, ijnHW au~qy ieh iliKAw sI ik ‘koeI ACUq 11 vjy qoN pihlW dwi^l nw hovy[’ ieho jhI hwlq qoN smu`cw isK pμQ idloN duKI sI[ is`K A^bwrW (Kwlsw smwcwr, Kwlsw AYfvokyt, pμQ syvk, d Kwlsw, lwiel Zzt vgYrw) ies bwry ilKdIAW rihμdIAW sn[ pr nw pujwrI TIk hoey Aqy nw hI

srkwr ny koeI pRvwh kIqI[ ijs kwrn hwlq ivgVdI geI Aqy pujwrI vDyry AwkVdy gey[
13 ApRYl 1919 ƒ jilAW vwlw bwg AμimRqsr ivc jnrl rYijnl AYfrf hYrI fwier dy golI clwaux ipCoN drbwr swihb AμimRqsr dy mhμqW ny pμjwb dy gvrnr aufvwier ƒ isropwE id`qw sI[ ies ivruD &Yzlpur ivc iek dIvwn ivc mqw pws kIqw ik aus ƒ mwx dyx vwly suμdr isμG mjIiTAw, ArUV isμG srbrwh, gjx isμG luiDAwxw, rswldwr gopwl isμG BwgovwlIAw ƒ koeI &qih nw bulwvy[

rozwnw ‘AkwlI’ A^bwr
ies mwhOl ivc 1920 dIAW grmIAW ivc sμjIdw is`K AwgUAW ny pμjwb dy v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc AμimRq pRcwr dI lihr clweI sI[ ienHW ny ies dy nwl hI is`KW dI Dwrimk Aqy isAwsI hwlq bwry ivcwrW vI kIqIAW[ gurduAwirAW dI hwlq dw crcw vI cilAw[ AμimRq Ck ky iqAwr-br-iqAwr hoey isμG hux tolIAW bxw ky ipμfW qoN SihrW v`l inklx l`gy[ KulHw dwhVw, h`Q ivc ikrpwn, hr sμjIdw is`K dI izμdgI dw ih`sw bx geI[

1 meI 1920 dy idn mwstr suμdr isμG, hrcμd isμG lwielpurI, srdUl isμG kvISr, ig: hIrw isμG drd qy aunHW dy swQI lwhOr iek`Ty hoey Aqy rozwnw ‘AkwlI’ A^bwr k`Fx dw &Yslw kIqw[ aunHW ny ieh nW AkwlI PUlw isMG dy KwVkU hox dI soc nwl cuixAw sI[ ieh g`l kwbly-ZOr hY ik audoN qk bwbw dIp isMG dw nW eynw mShUr nhIN sI (vrnw koeI AKOqI tkswl vwly aus dw nW hI suJwA dyNdy)[

21 meI 1920 dy idn pihlw prcw CipAw[ pihly idn qoN hI AkwlI A^bwr is`K pμQ ivc hridl-AzIz ho igAw[ ‘AkwlI’ A^bwr ny sB qoN v`fw &wiedw ieh phuμcwieAw ik dUr-durwfy bYTy, iekly-iek`ly is`K AwgU Aqy vrkr, iek dUjy nwl juV gey[

‘AkwlI’ A^bwr ny kmwl dw rol Adw kIqw[ CyqI hI hr pwsy ‘AkwlI-AkwlI’ Aqy ‘Akwl-Akwl’ hox l`g peI[ AkwlI A^bwr nwl sYNkVy qy iPr hzwrW is`K iek dUjy nwl juV gey[ ienHW swirAW ƒ Acwxk ‘AkwlI’ AwiKAw jwx l`g ipAw[ ienHW vrkrW dI pμQ ivc lwswnI QW bx geI[ hOlI-hOlI, hr pwsy, nIlIAW p`gW qy ikrpwnW vwly AkwlI nzr Awaux l`g pey[ swrw is`K pμQ ienHW dy AwKy ’qy Pul cVHwaux vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw sI[

smu`cw ‘is`K homlYNf’ hux ‘AkwlI’ bxdw jwpx l`g ipAw[ ies mwhOl ivc iek Ax-AYlwnI ‘AkwlI lihr’ cl peI[ ibnW iksy iek`T qoN, bgYr iksy mIitμg qoN, iek lihr qy iek jQybμdI jnm lY rhI sI[ isr& iek icμgwVI dI zrUrq sI, ijs ny BWbV bx jwxw sI[
gurduAwirAW dI hwlq dy suDwr vwsqy AkwlI vrkr keI icrW qoN koiSSW kr rhy sn[ mhμqW ny gurduAwirAW ƒ AwpxI jwgIr smJ r`iKAw sI[ hwlwq bdlx nwl lok sμBlx l`g pey[ gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dI SurUAwq 1920 dIAW grmIAW ivc hI ho geI[ bhuqy lyKk gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dw mu`F 12 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn Akwl q^q swihb ’qy kbzw kIqy jwx qoN mμndy hn pr drAsl gurduAwrw suDwr lihr qW keI swl pihlW SurU ho cu`kI sI[ hW, 1920 dIAW grmIAW ivc ieh lihr bhuq qyzI nwl SurU ho geI[

ArUV isμG srbrwh ƒ htwauxw
ieh Awm mMinAw jWdw hY ik gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dI pihlI kwmXwbI gurduAwrw cumwlw swihb lwhOr dw pRbMD sMgq dy h`Q Awauxw sI (21 Agsq 1920)[ pr, myrI ingwh ivc ies lihr dI sB qoN pihlI kwmXwbI ArUV isμG ƒ drbwr swihb Aqy Akwl q^q swihb dI srbrwhI qoN htvwauxw sI[ ies sbμD ivc Agsq 1920 dy pihly h&qy ivc ‘gurduAwrw syvk kmytI’ AμimRqsr (sYktrI BweI dyvw isμG) dIAW koiSSW nwl jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc iek dIvwn sjwieAw igAw[ ies ivc drbwr swihb dI hwlq bwry qkrIrW kIqIAW geIAW[ ies dIvwn ivc AYlwn kIqw igAw ik 15 Agsq 1920 AYqvwr dy idn ies sbμDI iek dIvwn mμjI swihb (drbwr swihb) ivc kIqw jwvygw[ cOdHW Agsq dI Swm ƒ hI ifptI kimSnr ny BweI dyvw isμG ƒ hukm jwrI kr ky mμjI swihb ivc dIvwn krn qoN rok id`qw[ pr, 15 Agsq dy idn hzwrW is`K mμjI swihb iek`Ty ho gey[ ies mOky ’qy jsvμq isμG qy Amr isμG Jbwl vI Aw gey[ ies mOky qy BwrI puils vI jmHW ho geI[ puils ny is`KW ƒ dIvwn sjwaux qoN roikAw[ pr is`KW ny fI.sI. dy hukm dI prvwh nw kridAW hoieAW mμjI swihb ’c qkrIrW kIqIAW Aqy ArUV isμG ƒ htwaux dI mμg kIqI (rozwnw AkwlI, 21 Agsq 1920)[

16 Agsq 1920 dy idn ies sbμDI iek hor dIvwn jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc hoieAw[ ies dIvwn ivc ArUV isμG ƒ iek hPæqy dw noits id`qw igAw ik jy aus ny iek h&qy dy Aμdr-Aμdr srbrwhI nw C`fI qW aus dw murdw (jnwzw) k`iFAw jwvygw[ ieh noits ieμ\ sI;
“noits: bnwm ArUV isμG srbrwh drbwr swihb AμimRqsr, imAwdI eyk h&qw[ qum ky Kwlsw kOm AOr sμgq ny bVy-bVy dIvwn kr ky hukm dIAw hY ik srbrwhI sy &Orn judw ho jwE! ikauN ik qum ny drbwr swihb myN voh bdieμqzwmI AOr bd-kwm SurU krw dIey hYN ijn sy hm log qμg Aw gey hYN[ Ab hm brdwSq nhIN kr skqy[ ies lIey, ies noits ky zrIey ieqlwh dyqy hYN ik Agr imAwd mzkUrw dy Aμdr srbrwhI nw CoVogy qo ibbwn inkwlw jwvygw, AOr kOm qum ko AwpxI qr& sy murdw smJygI[
– gurduAwrw syvk kmytI AμimRqsr[”

ies noits qoN Gbrw ky ArUV isμG ny do mhIny dI ‘‘Cu`tI’’ lY leI qy srkwr ny suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAw ƒ AwrzI-srbrwh lw idqw qy nwl hI A^bwrW ’c ArUV isμG dy ‘‘htwey jwx’’ dI ^br jwrI kr id`qI[ ies qy 18 Agsq dy idn jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc Pyr iek jlsw hoieAw ijs ivc BweI dyvw isμG, jsvμq isμG Jbwl, jvwhr isμG, AkwlI kOr isμG, fwktr Bgvwn isμG, Abdul kurYSI vkIl qy dInw nwQ AYfItr ‘drd’ ny qkrIrW kIqIAW[ dIvwn ivc noits idqw igAw ik is`K pμQ ArUV isμG ƒ do mhIny dI Cu`tI ’qy Byjx ƒ mnzUr nhIN krdw qy aus nUM sdw vwsqy ‘‘d&w’’ krnw cwhuμdw hY[ dIvwn ny cwr mqy pws kIqy: (1) ArUV isμG ƒ do mhIny Cu`tI dyx nwl is`KW ivc hor nwrwzgI vDygI[ aus ƒ mOkU& krn dw AYlwn kIqw jwvy (2) iek ZYr-srkwrI pμcwieq drbwr swihb dw 18 swl dw ihswb-ikqwb pVqwl krn leI bxweI jwvy (3) bUVI (bUV isμG gRMQI Akwl qKæq swihb) ƒ brwdrI coN Kwirj smiJAw jwvy (4) suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAw nvyN srbrwh ƒ Arz kIqI jwvy ik jd qk bUV isμG gurU Kwlsw qoN Bul nw bKæSwvy aus ƒ Akwl q^q swihb au~qy bYTx dI iejwzq nw idqI jwvy[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 21 Agsq 1920)[

24 Agsq 1920 ƒ Swm dy 6 vjy jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc gurduAwrw syvk kmytI AμimRqsr vloN dIvwn hoieAw[ dIvwn qoN pihlW ArUV isμG dy iqμn eylcI, ijnHW ivc bsμq isμG rswldwr qy cμdw isμG AtwrI vwly vI sn, is`K AwgUAW kol Awey qy Arz kIqI ik jy ArUV isμG dIvwn ’c Aw ky muAw&I mμg lvy Aqy aus dI byiezqI nw krn qy jnwzw nw kFx dw vwAdw kro qW auh hwizr ho jwvygw[ mwstr cμdw isμG ny ies dw vwAdw kr ilAw[ poxy 8 vjy ArUV isμG Aw igAw qy aus ny ikhw ‘‘mYN 18 vrHy gurU rwmdws jI dI Aqy Kwlsy dI syvw kIqI[ cμgI kIqI jW mμdI kIqI, Awp kbUl kro qy hux mYN AsqI&w dyNdw hW qy Awp jnwzw nw k`Fo[’’ ies qy sμgq ny mqw pws kIqw ik jnwzw nhIN k`iFAw jweygw pr 18 swl dw ihswb zrUr ilAw jwvygw[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 27 Agsq 1920)[

ieh sI gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dI pihlI kwmXwbI[ ArUV isμG qoN muAw&I mμgwaux Aqy AsqI&w idvwaux mgroN is`KW ivc hOslw, ihμmq qy XkIn ivc vwDw hoieAw qy auh ies lihr vwsqy hor vI zor-Sor nwl kμm krn lg pey[

gurduAwrw cumwlw swihb
lwhOr ivc gurduAwrw cumwlw swihb (pwqSwhI CyvIN) dy gRμQI hrI isμG ny gurduAwry ’c mnmq dw mwhOl pYdw kIqw hoieAw sI[ auh gurduAwry ivc muswi&rW ƒ Tihrn nhIN dyNdw sI[ aus ny srW dy kmry bu`cVW qy mIt vycx vwilAW ƒ id`qy hoey sn[ auh gRμQI vjoN syvw vI nhIN sI krdw (hor qW hor aus ƒ jpujI swihb qy rihrwsu swihb dw pwT vI nhIN AwauNdw sI) gurduAwry dI s&weI vI nhIN huμdI sI[ sμgqW aus qoN bhuq duKI sn[ iek vwr ihμmq kr ky Kwlsw pRcwrk jQy ny iek mIitμg 21 Agsq 1920 dy idn ƒ bulw leI[ ies ’qy gRμQI ny Awpxy GrW dIAW AOrqW ƒ Byj ky hmlw krvw ky mIitμg ’c Kll pwieAw Aqy nwl hI ienHW dIAW kwrvweIAW ƒ rokx vwsqy Adwlq ivc dwAvw vI kr id`qw[ Agly idn 22 Agsq ƒ gurduAwrw swihb ’c ies bwry iek dIvwn sjwieAw igAw[ ies dIvwn ivc srdUl isμG kvISr qy suμdr isμG cwvlw vZYrw ny sμgqW ƒ cumwlw swihb dI qsvIr d`sI[ swry pwsy is`KW ivc ies dw crcw SurU ho igAw[

jdoN ies gurduAwry dy suDwr bwry bhuq pRcwr ho igAw qW mukwmI is`KW ny iek`Ty ho ky 27 sqμbr 1920 dy idn gurduAwrw cumwlw swihb ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ sμgqW ny gurduAwry dy pRμbD vwsqy 14 mYNbrW dw iek jQw cux ilAw[ ieh 14 mYNbr hyT ilKy sn: sμq isμG, swDU isμG, bwvw isμG, gurid`q isμG, ibSn isμG, cqr isμG, dIvwn isμG, ArUV isμG, virAwm isμG, hrI isμG, cyq isμG, n`Qw isμG, crn isμG, jsbIr isμG[ ies dOrwn pihloN kwbz gRμQI ny gurduAwry ’c vVn dI koiSS kIqI qW ienHW ny aus ƒ Aμdr dwi^l hI nw hox id`qw[ ies mgroN 2 AkqUbr ƒ gurduAwry dy ieμqzwm vwsqy is`KW dI iek bwkwiedw 12 mYNbrI ieMqzwmIAw kmytI bxw id`qI geI[ ies ivc hyT ilKy mYˆbr cuxy gey: sohx isμG (sYktrI isμG sBw isAwlkot), Amr isμG (lwiel gzt), s:b: mihqwb isμG, srdUl isμG kvISr , sohx isμG (AYfItr is`K A^bwr), suμdr isG cwvlw reIs, mw: suμdr isμG lwielpurI, gurid`q isμG, gurbKS isμG, sμq isμG (pRDwn pRcwrk jQw), swDU isμG, mhμq qyjw isμG (gurduAwrw fyhrw swihb lwhOr)[

(ies mgroN gRμQI ny 4 nvμbr ƒ d&w 107 hyT iek dIvwnI dwAvw dwier kr id`qw[ is`KW ny ies dy iKlw& pYrvI nw krn dw PYslw kIqw[ 6 jnvrI 1921 ƒ Adwlq ny gRμQI ƒ iek qr&w ‘ifkrI’ dy id`qI[ iPr aus ny d&w 145 hyT kys dwier kIqw pr fI.sI. ny ies kys ƒ ^wirj kr id`qw[ ieμ\ gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm hmySw vwsqy is`KW dy h`Q ivc Aw igAw)[ pμjwb dy ^u&IAw mihkmy dy iek muKI A&sr vI.fblXU. sim`Q (AYs.pI., sI.AweI.fI.) v`loN 22 PrvrI 1922 dy idn brqwnvI srkwr ƒ ByjI iek ^u&IAw irport ivc vI ies dw izkr hY ik gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dOrwn is`KW ny sB qoN pihlw kbzw gurduAwrw cumwlw swihb ’qy hI kIqw sI[

gurduAwrw bwby dI byr
ienHIN idnIN hI gurduAwrw ‘bwby dI byr’ (isAwlkot) dw mslw vI Aw igAw[ cumwlw swihb dI ij`q qoN bwAd swry is`K ies morcy ’qy Aw fty[gurduAwrw bwby dI byr dw mhμq hrnwm isμG 26 sqμbr 1918 dy idn mr cu`kw sI[ aus dw jWnSIn Qwpx bwry JgVw cl irhw sI[ mhμq dI mOq ip`CoN aus dy bwp pRym isμG ny Awpxw nwbwlg poqw gurcrn isμG ‘‘g`dIdwr’’ bxw id`qw qy 8 nvμbr 1918 dy idn g`dI-nSInI dw smwgm r`K ilAw[

mukwmI is`KW ny ies dI mu^wl&q kIqI qy fI.sI. q`k phuμc kIqI[ fI.sI. ny pihlW qW is`KW dw swQ id`qw pr mgroN cup-cwp gurcrn isμG dy nW qy jmHWbμdI kr id`qI[ jmHWbμdI dI ieh kwrvweI 6 meI 1919 dy idn hoeI sI[ ies dOrwn pRym isμG vI mr cu`kw sI[ gurcrn isμG Ajy nwbwlg sI[ ies qy isμG sBw (mgroN Kwlsw dIvwn) isAwlkot ny fI.sI. ƒ iml ky ikhw ik gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm sμgqW ƒ sONp id`qw jwvy[ ies bwry iek 15 mYNbrI kmytI bxweI jwey, ijs ivc pMj mYNbr Kwlsw dIvwn dy, pMj isμG sBwvW dy (hr qihsIl coN iek), do mYNbr isAwlkot dI mukwmI sμgq dy, do is`K jwgIrdwrW dy numwieμdy qy iek numwieμdw mhμqW dw hovy[ ieh kmytI hI mhμq ƒ nwmzd kry Aqy gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm vI kry[ Ajy ieh g`lbwq cl rhI sI ik iek idn swbk mhμq dI ivDvw ny iek piqq gμfw isμh aubrwey ƒ Awpxy nwbwlg pu`qr dw gwrfIAn Aqy gurduAwry dw mYnyjr lw id`qw[ is`KW ivc ies dy i^lw& s^q roh pYdw hoieAw[ bhuq swry is`KW ny gvrnr, kimSnr qy fI.sI. ƒ ^q Aqy qwrW Byj ky Awpxw roh zwihr kIqw[ is`KW ny mhMq dIAW nwcIAW nwl iKcvweIAW &otoAW vI A&srW nUM pyS kIqIAW[

srkwr ny A`KW pUμJx vwsqy pVqwlIAw A&sr qwienwq kr id`qw[ kimSn dI rsmI irport mgroN srkwr ny pRym isμG dI mhμqI mμn leI qy pRotYst dy bwvjUd gμfw isμh aubrwey ƒ jwiedwd dw mYnyjr bxw id`qw[ is`KW ny gμfw isμh dy i^lw& muihμm SurU kr id`qI[ kuJ idn dy Tμfy JgVy mgroN 23 julweI ƒ is`KW ny iek 11-mYNbrI kmytI bxw ky gurduAwry dI syvw SurU kr id`qI[ ies kr ky kuJ icr ZYr-XkInI hwlq cldI rhI[ 20 Agsq dy idn Adwlq ny PYslw id`qw ik is`K 50 hzwr rupey kort &Is lw ky 10 idn dy Aμdr-Aμdr dwAvw dwier krn[ is`K AwgUAW ny ieh &Is Brn dI QW AYjItySn krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ ies dOrwn gurduAwry dI syvw-sμBwl is`K jQy kol hI rhI[

sqμbr dy dUjy A`D ivc bwby dI byr dw mslw Pyr BK ipAw[ 21 sqμbr dy idn mocI drvwzw lwhOr ivc is`KW dw iek iek`T hoieAw[ pμj hzwr is`KW dy ies iek`T ivc pRym isμG soFI, srdUl isμG kvISr, mw: moqw isμG, ig: Syr isμG vZYrw pu`jy[ iek`T ny gurduAwrw bwby dI byr isAwlkot dy piqq mhμq gμfw isμh dy i^lw& mqw pws kIqw[ ies bwry ^brW vwiesrwey q`k vI phuμcIAW[ vwiesrwey ny gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm is`KW dy hvwly krn bwry hW p`KI rv`eIAw drswieAw[ ies mwhOl ivc iek iek`T isAwlkot ivc 5 AkqUbr ƒ bulwieAw igAw[

sqμbr dy A^Ir ’c Amr isμG Jbwl isAwlkot pu`jy[ aunHW ny hor is`K AwgUAW dI mdd nwl iek pμj mYNbrI kmytI bxw id`qI qy aus ƒ gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm sμBwlx vwsqy AwiKAw[ ieh pμj isμG sn: Bwg isμG, jvwhr isμG, nwnk isμG, rwm isμG qy mhW isμG[ ienHW idnHW ivc hI vwiesrwie ny vI ieh slwh id`qI ik gμfw isμh piqq mYnyjr ƒ htw ky gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm is`KW ƒ dy id`qw jwvy pr mgroN srkwr ny &Yslw bdl ilAw[ ies kr ky ifptI kimSnr ny ies kmytI ƒ kbUl krn dI jgh ienHW pμjW dy vwrμt jwrI kr id`qy[ iesy rwq gurduAwry ’c BwrI dIvwn hoieAw[ dIvwn ny mqw pws kIqw ik is`K igR&qwrI dyx, pr zmwnq nw krvwaux[ Agly idn isμGW ny igR&qwrI dy id`qI[ A^Ir aunHW ƒ 4 AkqUbr ƒ ibnW Srq irhw kr id`qw igAw[ rwq ƒ gurduAwry ’c BwrI dIvwn hoieAw[ ies dIvwn ’c KVk isμG reIs (mgroN bwbw) dI sdwrq hyT gurduAwry dy ieμqzwm vwsqy 13 is`KW dI iek kmytI bxw id`qI geI[ BwvyN hor ku`J icr byXkInI dw mwhOl cldw irhw pr A^Ir ie`Qy vI is`KW dw p`kw kbzw ho hI igAw[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 24 qy 29 sqMbr, Aqy 9 AkqUbr 1920)[
auDr 27 sqμbr ƒ cumwlw swihb lwhOr ’qy kbzw ho igAw sI qy 6 AkqUbr dy idn gurduAwrw bwby dI byr (isAwlkot) vI is`KW dy p`ky ieμqzwm hyT Aw gey sn[ ienHIN idnIN hI DwrovwlI dy dIvwn (1 qoN 3 AkqUbr) ivc BweI lCmx isμG ny nwnkwxw swihb ƒ Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy morcy dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ do gurduAwirAW dI AwzwdI ny is`KW dy hOsly bulμd kr id`qy sn pr gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dw qU&wnI Awgwz iek icμgwVI ny, 12 AkqUbr ƒ, BWbV bx ky kIqw[

Akwl q^q swihb Aqy drbwr swihb ’qy kbzw
10 qoN 12 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ ‘‘Kwlsw brwdrI kwrj swDk dl’’ jQybμdI v`loN jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc iek dIvwn sjwieAw igAw[ ies jQybμdI dy muKI BweI mihqwb isμG bIr sn[ (BweI mihqwb isμG dw pihlw nW rukndIn sI[ Awp mOlvI krIm b^S, jo bkwpur, jlμDr, ivc 14 jUn 1903 dy idn KMfy dI pwhul lY ky BweI lKbIr isμG bx gey sn, dy byty sn)[ BweI mihqwb isμG ny is`KI pRcwr vwsqy sμjIdw qy Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ aunHW dI jQybμdI vloN 10 qoN 12 AkqUbr qk AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dw iek`T jilHAW vwlw bwg, AμimRqsr ivc bulwieAw igAw sI[ aunHW ny ies dIvwn vwsqy iek ieSiqhwr CwipAw ijs ivc ieh nzm vI ilKI hoeI sI:
cI& Kwlsw dIvwn, hor jQy vI qmwm, guxI igAwnI iml Awie drs isKOxgy[
zwq dw jo BUq jmdUq duKdweI Bwrw, eykqw dw mMqr PUk J`t hI aufOxgy[
Kwlsw jI pMQ gurU dsvyN dw swijAw jo, ies dy AkwlI JMfy hTW sB nUM ilAOxgy[

rihqIey, rmdwsIey qy mzHbI jo hor jwqW, EnHW qweIN myt ieko Kwlsw sjOxgy[
ies ivc pihly idn qW koeI is`K AwgU Swiml nw hoieAw[ hor qW hor aunHW ƒ lμgr vwsqy BWfy vI nw imly[ dUjy idn suμdr isμG mjITw, krqwr isμG J`br, qyjw isμG Bu`cr, mμgl isμG mwn, bhwdr isμG hkIm vgYrw dIvwn ivc hwzr hoey[

aunHIN idnIN drbwr swihb dy pujwrI AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy is`KW dw pRSwd kbUl nhIN krdy sI[ 11 AkqUbr rwq vyly mqw pws hoieAw ik AglI svyr ƒ AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy is`K pRSwd lY ky drbwr swihb jwx[ aunHW dy nwl keI is`K AwgU jwx vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ Agly idn AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy keI isμGW ny AμimRq CikAw[ dIvwn dy ^qm hox qoN bwAd ieh swry isμG iek`Ty ho ky suμdr isμG mjITIAw dI AgvweI ivc drbwr swihb gey[ ijhw ik aumId sI pujwrIAW ny pRSwd kbUl nw kIqw[ pRo: hrikSn isμG bwvw ny gl ivc p`lw pw ky iqμn vwr pujwrIAW ƒ Arz kIqI ik auh pRSwd kbUl kr lYx[ pr pujwrIAw ny ‘‘n`nw’’ hI PVI r`iKAw[ eyny icr ivc jQydwr krqwr isμG J`br Aqy jQydwr qyjw isμG Bu`cr vI pu`j gey[ hux sμgqW dI igxqI bhuq ho cu`kI sI[ A^Ir PYslw hoieAw ik gurU gRμQ swihb dw vwk ilAw jwey[ gurU gRμQ swihb dw hukm sI :
inrguixAw no Awpy bKis ley BweI siqgur kI syvw lwie[[
siqgur kI syvw auqm hY BweI rwm nwim icqu lwie[[…

gurU gRμQ swihb dw hukm sux ky sμgqW ivsmwd ivc Aw geIAW[ A^Ir pujwrIAW ƒ Ardws krnI peI qy pRSwd vrqwieAw igAw[

ies qoN bwAd sμgqW Akwl q^q swihb vl geIAW[ sμgqW ƒ AwauNidAW vyK ky pujwrI q^q swihb ƒ suμ\w C`f ky B`j gey[ aunHW dy jwx mgroN sMgqW ny q^q swihb dI syvw sμBwl leI[ Akwl q^q swihb ’qy is`K AwgUAW dy lYkcr hoey[ bwAd ivc hwzr sμgqW ny Akwl q^q swihb dI syvw sμBwl vwsqy 25 isμGW dI iek jQw bnwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ 17 mYNbrW ny ausy vyly Awpxy Awp ƒ syvw vwsqy pyS kIqw[ (ies kmytI dy jQydwr qyjw isμG Bu`cr bxwey gey)[ ies jQy dI ifaUtI Akwl q^q swihb ’qy pihrw dyxw qy syvw-sμBwl krnw sI (rozwnw AkwlI, 18 AkqUbr 1920)[ mgroN Akwl q^q swihb dy ‘‘jQydwr’’ dw iek nvW Ahudw KVw ho igAw[ ies qoN pihlW is`K qwrI^ Aqy is`K &lsPy ivc ‘‘jQydwr’’ dy Ahudy dw koeI vjUd nhIN sI[ auN\ BweI qyjw isMG dy jQy ny do mhIny bwAd Cu`tIAW mMg leIAW sn qy ikhw sI “hux swnUM do mhIny syvw krdy nUM ho gey hn[ swnUM Cu`tIAW b^So[” ies ’qy aunHW dI QW dIdwr isMG m`tU BweIky qy aunHW dy jQy nUM ieh syvw sONpI geI sI[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 26 dsMbr 1920)[

13 AkqUbr dy idn ifptI kimSnr AμimRqsr ny is`K AwgUAW, srbrwh Aqy pujwrIAW dI iek mIitμg bulweI[ mIitμg ivc isr& is`K AwgU hI phuμcy[ ies ’qy ifptI kimSnr ny drbwr swihb dy ieμqzwm vwsqy iek 9 mYNbrI AwrzI kmytI bxw id`qI[ ies kmytI ivc suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAw, pRo: qyjw isμG, pRo: bwvw hrikSn isμG, qyjw isμG Bu`cr, krqwr isμG J`br, fw: gurbKS isμG, BweI cμdw isμG AYfItr, BweI dyvw isμG qy hkIm bhwdr isμG sn[

ies mgroN pujwrIAW ny bu`Fw dl dy AwgUAW ƒ Sih idqI ik Akwl qKæq swihb dI syvw sMBwl imsl ShIdW (inhMgW) kol hoieAw krdI sI, ies kr ky auh AkwlIAW qoN ieh syvw Kohx vwsqy, AkwlIAW dy i^lw& lVn[ aunHW ny inhMgW nUM Akwl q^q swihb ’qy kbzw krn vwsqy BVkwieAw[ auh 10 nvMbr dIvwlI vwly idn Awey vI, pr ikhr isμG p`tI ny inhμgW ƒ smJw ky ies g`l ’qy rzwmμd kr ilAw ik jdoN qk swry is`KW dw sWJw iek`T koeI &Yslw nhIN krdw, audoN qk AkwlIAW dw jQw syvw krdw rhy[ (ieh inhMg pMjwb ’qy AMgryzW dy kbzy vyly nzr nhIN Awey sn[ jd mhMqW ny Akwl q^q swihb ’qy kbzw kIqw hoieAw sI audoN ieh ikqy nhIN id`sy pr jd is`KW dy iek jQy ny suM\y pey hoey q^q swihb dI syvw sMBwlI qW ienHW nUM vI kbzw lYx dw ^uAwb Aw igAw)[

mgroN 6 dsMbr 1920 nUM mhMqW ny ihMdU swDUAW dy iek toly qoN vI hmlw krvwieAw[ auh icmty Aqy sIKW lY ky Awey hoey sn[ aunHW ny q^q swihb dy syvwdwrW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ aus vyly isr& 5-6 syvwdwr hI sn qy kuJ bIbIAW hwzr sn[ eyny icr ivc hor is`K Aw gey qy aunHW ny ienHW swDW dy hmly dw jvwb id`qw qy ienHW swDW nUM vI iCqrOl PyirAw[ kuJ icr mgroN pulIs vI Aw geI qy ienHW swDW nUM bwhr k`F id`qw (pr igR&qwr nhIN kIqw)[ mgroN ienHW ivcoN iek swD dI mOq vI ho geI[

SRomxI gurdAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dw kwiem hoxw
kuJ idn mgroN mwstr moqw isμG AμimRqsr Awey[ aunHW ny slwh id`qI ik is`K pμQ dw iek srb`q Kwlsw iek`T bulwieAw jwey Aqy aus ivc gurduAwrw swihb dy ieμqzwm vwsqy iek pμQk kmytI cuxI jwey[ ies ’qy fw: gurb^S isμG (jo ifptI kimSnr v`loN nwmzd hoeI 9 mYNbrI kmytI dy mYNbr sn) ny ‘‘Akwl q^q swihb dw hukmnwmw’’ is`K kOm dy nW jwrI kIqw (rozwnw AkwlI, 4 nvMbr 1920)[ ies hukmnwmy dy hyTW fw: gurbKS isμG ny, ‘‘syvk, Akwl q^q swihb’’ vjoN dsq^q kIqy sn[ (not: ‘‘syvk’’ l&z ‘‘sk`qr’’ vwsqy vriqAw jwieAw krdw sI)[ ieh ‘hukmnwmw’ ieμ\ sI:
‘‘smUμh Kwlsw jI pRqI ivdq hovy ik 1 m`Gr 1977, sμmq nwnkSwhI 451, muqwibk 15 nvμbr 1920 ƒ, idn dy 9 vjy, iek mhwn pμQk iek`T Akwl q^q swihb swhmxy hovygw, ijs ivc drbwr swihb AμimRqsr Aqy smUμh gurduAwirAW Aidk dy ieμqzwm vwsqy, fUμGI ivcwr kr ky, iek nuμmwieμdw pμQk kmytI cuxI jwvygI[ ies leI srb`q gurU q^qW, gurduAwirAW, Kwlsw jiQAW, is`K pltxW, irAwsqI is`K &OjW hyT ilKI Dwrnw vwly isμG, hyT ilKI ivaUNq muqwibk, cux ky Byjx:
numwieμdy dI Dwrnw
1. AμimRqDwrI hovy, 2. pμj bwxIAW dw nymI hovy, 3. pμj-krwr dw rihqvwn hovy, 4 AμimRq vyly (pihr rwq) auTx vwlw hovy, 5. dsvμD dyx vwlw hovy[
numwieμidAW dI cox dI ivaUNq
hr q^q v`loN 5-5, gurduAwirAW v`loN 1-1, Kwlsw jiQAW v`loN so ip`Cy 5 dy ihswb nwl, skUlW kwljW v`loN 6, pRbμDk kmytIAW ivcoN 6, ausqwdW ivcoN 8, ividAwrQIAw ivcoN 7, is`K irAwsqW v`loN 5-5, is`K irswilAW v`loN 2-2, is`K pltnW v`loN 2-2, pUrI is`K pltn hovy qW 5-5, inhμg isμGW dy j`iQAW vloN 100 ip`Cy 5 dy ihswb nwl[
ies kmytI dw &Yslw smUμh is`K sμgq ivc suxwieAw jweygw, ijs ivc gurU-Gr dy srb`q SrDwlU Swiml ho skdy hn[ so swry pRymI ikrpw kr ky drSn dyx[
not : ies dIvwn sbμDI ilKq pVHq syvk nwl kIqw jwvy[ ieh ieSiqhwr ij`Qy gurU Kwlsw twpUAW Awid qk phuμcwx dI koiSS kIqI hY[ hryk Swiml hox vwly numwieμdy pws Awpxy jQydwr qoN srtIi&kyt coxw cwhIdw hY[
pRwrQk, fwktr gurbKS isμG, syvk Akwl q^q swihb, AμimRqsr[

gurduAwrw kmytI bxwaux bwry ivcwrW krn vwsqy kmytI
AkqUbr dy Aw^rI h&qy Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr ivc bhuq swry is`K AwgU, pRoPæYsr Aqy stUfYNt iek`Ty hoey[ ies ivc gurduAwirAW dy ieμqzwm vwsqy ‘jQybμdI’ bxwaux bwry ivcwrW hoeIAW[ hwzrIn iv`coN kuJ cwhuμdy sn ik cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy AweIn ’c suDwr kr ky iesy ƒ hI gurduAwirAW dI syvw-sμBwl sONp id`qI jwey[

mIitμg ny bwvw hrikSn isμG v`loN pyS kIqw mqw pws kIqw ik cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy AwgUAW nwl g`lbwq kIqI jwey, qW jo gurduAwrw ieμqzwm vwsqy ‘‘jQybμdI’’ bxweI jw sky[ ies sbμD ivc iek kmytI bxweI geI, ijs ivc hyT ilKy mYˆbr Swiml kIqy gey:
1. KVk isμG reIs isAwlkot 2. hrcμd isμG lwielpurI 3. guridAwl isμG BYxI 4. mwstr qwrw isμG 5. BweI joD isμG 6. pRo: qyjw isμG msqUAwxw 7. bwvw hrikSn isμG 8. pRo: inrμjn isμG 9. lwl isμG luiDAwxw 10. au~jl isμG mIAW cμnU 11. Amr isμG idAwl BVμg (Jbwl) 12. suμdr isμG cwvlw lwhOr 13. qyjw isμG smuμdrI 14. srdUl isμG kvISr 15. mwstr suμdr isμG lwielpurI 16. igAwnI Syr isμG 17. krqwr isμG J`br 18. Amr isμG lwiel gzt 19. b^SIS isμG smuμdrI 20. qyjw isμG Bu`cr 21. crn isμG nwBw 22. joigμdr isμG pitAwlw 23. SmSyr isμG AYfItr ieμfIAw 28. Avqwr isμG bYirstr gujrWvwlw 29. hrnwm isμG civμfw 30. Arjn isμG DIrkw 31. rwm isμG AYfItr pμc 32. mwstr cμdw isμG AYfItr 33. dwn isμG vCoAw 34. mwstr moqw isμG 35. AkwlI mμgl isμG [ ieh vI &Yslw hoieAw ik ieh kmytI cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy AwgUAW ƒ iml ky g`lbwq kry Aqy 15 nvμbr dy iek`T ivc irport pyS kry[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 27 AkqUbr 1920)[

(ies qoN pihlW vI gurduAwirAW dy ieμqzwm vwsqy iek ‘jQybμdI’ kwiem krn bwry crcw cldw irhw sI[ rozwnw ‘AkwlI’ A^bwr ivc julweI-AkqUbr 1920 ivc ies bwry bhuq swrIAW ic`TIAW CpdIAW rhIAW sn[ ieh ic`TIAW is`K AwgUAW qy ivdvwnW Aqy Awm is`KW vloN vI ilKIAW geIAW sn[) (vyKo ikqwb: SRo. gu. pR. kmytI ikvyN bxI, sPæy 331-400, rozwnw AkwlI, 15 julweI qoN nvMbr 1920 qk)[

au~pr izkr-kIqI 35-mYNbrI kmytI ny cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy AwgUAW nwl g`lbwq kIqI pr koeI nqIjw nw inkilAw[ ies ’qy ivcwr krn vwsqy iek iek`T Akwl q^q swihb ’qy 7 nvμbr dy idn kIqw igAw[ ies iek`T ivc &Yslw kIqw igAw ik is`KW kol ies qoN isvw koeI hor cwrw nhIN irhw ik 15 nvμbr dy srb`q Kwlsw iek`T ivc gurduAwirAW dy ieμqzwm vwsqy iek kmytI cuxI jwey[

SRomxI kmytI kwiem hoxoN rokx vwsqy srkwrI kmytI
srb`q Kwlsw iek`T 15 nvμbr ƒ hoxw sI[ ies qoN 2 idn pihlW, 13 nvμbr dy idn, mhwrwjw Buipμdrw isμG (pitAwlw), suμdr isμG mjITw, inhwl isμG pitAwlw, bicqr isμG jINd, rGbIr isμG sμDWvwlIAw, sohx isμG rwvlipμfI, q^q isμG iProzpur, suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAw, Pqih isμG gRμQI, iSvdyv isμG isAwlkot, imhr isμG lwhOr, mwn isμG Aμbwlw Aqy pRo: joD isμG pμjwb dy gvrnr ƒ imly[ aunHW swirAW ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dI kwiemI ƒ rokx dI skIm bxweI[ ies dy pihly kdm vjoN gvrnr pμjwb ny gurduAwrw ieμqzwm vwsqy iek 36 mYNbrI
kmytI dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 19 nvMbr 1920)[ ies kmytI ivc hyT ilKy Swiml sn:
1. mhwrwjw Buipμdrw isμG 2. inhwl isμG j`j pitAwlw 3. bicqr isμG j`j jINd 4. ibAμq isμG j`j nwBw 5. pUrn isμG kpUrQlw 6. ieμdr isμG &rIdkot 7. Bwg isμG klsIAw 8. &qih isμG gRμQI AμimRqsr 9. imhr isμG lwhOr 10. suμdr isμG mjITw 11. hrbμs isμG AtwrI 12. bGyl isμG B`lw 13. b^qwvr isμG kwlgVH 14. suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAw 15. q^q isμG &Irozpur 16. gurb^S isμG pitAwlw 17. kYptn rwm isμG luiDAwxw 18. BweI joD isμG 19. iSvdyv isμG 20. rwjw isμG ipSwvr 21. mwn isμG Aμbwlw 22. au~jl isμG 23. dIdwr isμG AμimRqsr 24. bwbw KVk isμG 25. ikhr isμG p`tI 26. fwktr gurbKS isμG AμimRqsr 27. bhwdr isμG Givμf 28. hrcμd isμG lwielpurI 29. qyjw isμG burj 30. qIrQ isμG GrjwK 31. it`kw rwm nwrwiex isμG[ ienHW 31 qoN ielwvw inhμgW dy muKI vI Swiml hoxy sn[ ies 36 mYNbrI kmytI dy pRDwn hrbμs isμG AtwrI hoxy sn[ srkwr vloN nwmzd kIqy 36 mYNbrW ivcoN do-iqhweI qoN v`D srkwr dy KuSwmdI sn[ ienHW ivcoN Gto-Gt 25 mYNbr qW AμimRqDwrI vI nhIN sn[ pr 14-15 nvMbr dI rwq nUM ies kmytI dy bhuq swry mYNbr AMimRqsr puj gey qy aunHW ny Agly idn hox vwlI mukMml kmytI dI cox vwsqy rzwmMdI zwihr kIqI[

srkwr, mhwrwjw pitAwlw Aqy srkwr dy hor KYr-KÍwh BwvyN iek`Ty qW ho gey qy iek kmytI dw AYlwn vI kr id`qw pr ies dy bwvjUd 15 nvμbr 1920 dy idn srb`q Kwlsw iek`T hoieAw[ ies iek`T ivc dw^lw itktW (AYNtrI pws) rwhIN sI[ dupihr 12 vjy qk 742 itktW jwrI kIqIAW geIAW sn[ ies mgroN 8000 qoN vD sMgqW dy shmxy kwrvweI SurU kIqI geI[ Ardws krn mgroN ipRMsIpl qyjw isMG mIitMg dy pRDwn cuxy gey[ crn isMG ShId ny “iek jwn qy qIh l`K” vwlI nzm pVHI[ ies mgroN BweI joD isMG qy inhwl isMG ny gvrnr v`loN 36 mYNbrI kmytI bxwaux dy hwlwq d`sy[

ies mgroN BweI cMdw isMG ny ikhw ik srkwr ny ifptI kimSnr AMimRqsr dI izMmydwrI ies 36 mYNbrI kmytI dy gly mVH id`qI hY[ ies dy nwl hI aunHW ny ikhw ik 36 mYNbrI kmytI AwrzI sI qy pMQ dI mrzI qoN ibnW bxweI geI hY ies kr ky ieh mnzUr nhIN[ ies dI QW ’qy iek mukMml kmytI bxnI cwhIdI hY[ ies kmytI vwsqy hyT ilKy muqwibk nuMmwieMdy cuxn dw mqw pyS hY: q^q swihb 4, drbwr swihb 1, AMimRqsr 13 (5 SihrI, 8 idhwqI), lwhOr 4, &Irozpur 4, luiDAwxw 6, gurdwspur 4, isAwlkot 4, imMtgumrI 2, mulqwn 1, gujrWvwlw 4, gujrwq 2, jlMDr 4, huiSAwrpur 2, ijhlm 2, rwvlipMfI 4, Atk 1, Sy^Upurw 4, lwielpur 6, fyrw ZwzI ^wn 1, srh`dI sUbw 10 (kohwt 2, ipSwvr 4, AYbtwbwd 2, bMnU 2), AMbwlw 2, id`lI 2, rohqk, guVgwEN, ihswr, krnwl iek-iek, pitAwlw nwBw 5-5, jINd 4, &rIdkot 2, klsIAw 2, mlyrkotlw 2, kpUrQlw 2, kSmIr 2, muz`&rgVH 1, JMg 1, fyrw iemweIl ^wn 1, Swhpur 2, mIAWvwlI 1, inhMg 5[ (h&qwvwr is`K ispwhI &Irozpur, 3-10 dsMbr 1920, s&w 130 ‘qy )[

iSvdyv isMG reIs isAwlkot ny qrmIm pyS kIqI ik ies ihswb nwl vI kmytI cux leI jwvy Aqy ies dy nwl hI gvrnr vwlI 36 mYNbrI kmytI vI kwiem rhy qy A`j vwlI kmytI coN AYZzYkitv cuxI jwvy ijhVI 36 mYNbrI nwl iml ky kMm kry[ ies mqy ’qy bhuq bihs hoeI[ A^Ir jd rwq dy 9 vj gey qW mIitMg kuJ icr vwsqy mulqvI kr id`qI geI[ mgroN iSvdyv isMG ny AwpxI qrmIm vwips lY leI[

rwq ds vjy iPr mIitMg SurU hoeI qW mMgl isMG nwmDwrI ny qrmIm pyS kIqI ik audwsIAW, inrmilAW, nwmDwrIAW, suQirAW dy v`K-v`K nuMmwieMdy ley jwx[ BweI krqwr isMG J`br, mw: moqw isMG qy gMgw isMG ny ies dI ivroDqw kIqI qy ikhw ik ies nwl pMQ ivc vMfIAW pY jwxgIAW[ shI iehI hY ik ienHW ivcoN vI jy koeI AMimRqDwrI hY qW auh Awpxy ielwky ivcoN cux ky Aw skdw hY[ ies ’qy mMgl isMG ny qrmIm vwips lY leI[ (h&qwvwr is`K ispwhI &Irozpur, 3-10 dsMbr 1920, s&w 6)[

qIjI qrmIm ipRMsIpl qyjw isMG ny pyS kIqI qy hor ielwikAW vwsqy nuMmwieMdgI rKx vwsqy ikhw: isMD 8, XU.pI. 2, bIkwnyr 2, bMgwl 5, hWgkWg, iSMGweI, knyfw, kYlI&ornIAw, brmw, sIsqwn, bloicsqwn, iSmlw, puxC, kwbl iek-iek[ ieM\ ieh 179 mYNbrI bx jwvygI[ ieh qrmIm iek-rwey nwl mnzUr ho geI[
16 nvMbr nUM svyry 9 vjy cMdw isMG ny kwrvweI SurU kIqI qy rwq dI kwrvweI suxw ky sMgq dI mnzUrI leI[ ies ivc gurmqw pws hoieAw ik mukMml kmytI ivcoN iek 72 mYNbrI kmytI cuxI jwvy[ krqwr isMG J`br ny gurmqw pws krvwieAw ik ies 72 mYNbrI kmytI ivc srkwr dI 36 mYNbrI kmytI nUM vI Swiml kr ilAw jwvy[ ies mgroN 5 mYNbrI pVqwlIAw kmytI cuxI geI jo mYNbrW dI suDweI kry[ (h&qwvwr is`K ispwhI &Irozpur, 3-10 dsMbr 1920, s&w 6)[
kuJ idn mgroN pμj ipAwirAW ny ienHW mYNbrW dI suDweI SurU kIqI[ suDweI vwsqy cuxy gey pμj ipAwry ieh sn: blvμq isμG kulHw, pRo: bwvw hrikSn isμG, mw: moqw isμG, qyjw isμG Bu`cr qy pRo: qyjw isμG msqUAwxw[ ies mOky ’qy pRo: qyjw isμG bwry ieh ieqrwz auTwieAw igAw ik auh Awpxy Awp ƒ ‘sμq’ AKvwauNdy hn Aqy m`Qw vI itkwauNdy hn[ pRo: qyjw isμG ny Akwl q^q swihb ’qy AYlwn kIqw ik auh A`gy qoN Awpxy Awp ƒ ‘sμq’ nhIN AKvwauxgy Aqy iksy ƒ Awpxy A`gy m`Qw nhIN tykx dyxgy (h&qwvwr pMc, 8 dsMbr 1920)[ mw: moqw isμG dy ZYr-hwizr hox kr ky BweI joD isμG ƒ pμjvW mYNbr ilAw igAw[ BweI blvμq isμG kysgVH swihb vwilAW ny gRμQI vjoN syvw inBweI[

pihlI SRomxI kmytI dy mYNbrW dy nW
ies pihlI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dy mYˆbrW dI koeI ilst nhIN imldI pry mYN 137 qoN v`D mYNbrW dy nW Koj kr ky l`By hn[ auh ieh hn:
1. BweI b^SIS isμG gRμQI kysgVH swihb 2. ipRμsIpl qyjw isμG 3. qyjw isμG Bu`cr 4. BweI joD isμG 5. BweI blvμq isμG lwhOr 6. bwvw hrikSn isμG 7. BweI syvw isμG TIkrIvwlw 8. pRo: hrbμs isμG kurwnI 9. BweI hrjs isμG mIrhyVI 10. BweI bdn isμG huifAwrw 11. BweI imhr isμG cwvlw sOdwgr 12. BweI swDU isμG Kwlsw ielYkitRk kμpnI lwhOr 13. BweI gurbKS isμG, lwhOr pRcwrk jQw 15. BweI lwl isμG Alwvlpur kwhƒvwn 16. BweI ikhr isμG ividAwrQI SyKUpurw 17. BweI lwl isμG gurdwspur (stUfYNt) 18. BweI AmrIk isMG cUnyvwlw gujrWvwlw[ 19. BweI moqI isμG CwCI vzIrwbwd 20. BweI hrnwrwiex isμG dmdmw swihb 21. bwbw mihqwb isμG mTwvr, AkwlgVH, gujrWvwlw 22. BweI bUtw isμG vkIl SyKUpurw 23. j: krqwr isμG J`br 24. BweI swDU isμG jmWdwr, bwhmxIvwlw, lwielpur 25. BweI bUtw isμG c`k 204, r`K brWc, lwielpur 26. it`kw rwm nwrwiex isμG Anμdpur swihb 27. BweI krm isμG 28. BweI ipAwrw isμG lgyrI 29. BweI gurbKS isμG aupdySk Kwlsw dsvμD kmytI, pitAwlw 30. BweI gurbcn isμG gRμQI drbwr swihb 31. BweI &qih isμG gRμQI drbwr swihb 32. zYldwr Arjn isμG mlyrkotlw 33. BweI Amr isμG AYfItr ‘Syry pμjwb’ 34. ig: ieμdr isμG jμfy srwie, krqwrpur (jlμDr) 35. nμbrdwr bIr isμG nUrmihl (jlμDr) 36. BweI juigμdr isμG mYnyjr BuJμgx skUl, Kurdpur (jlμDr) 37. BweI Kym isμG mYnyjr, id`lI pOtrI vrks 38. BweI sUrq isμG Tykydwr &qihpur, id`lI 39. BweI bμqw isμG aupdySk kVwhl, luiDAwxw 40. BweI hyqU isμG, hYdrwbwd, isμD 41. j: gμgw isμG, kwlr dIvwn, rieAw, isAwlkot 42. BweI suμdr isμG mjITw 43. BweI hrbμs isμG AtwrI 44. BweI syvw isμG sYktrI isμG sBw, AμimRqsr 45. BweI cμdw isμG AYfItr ‘AμimRqsr’ 46. BweI gurbKS isμG bYirstr AμimRqsr 47. BweI suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAw srbrwh 48. BweI ArUV isμG Alovwl (AμimRqsr) 49. BweI dyvw isμG C`jlv`FI (AμimRqsr) 50. BweI Bwg isμG (klsIAw) 51.BweI hwkm isμG EvrsIAr (klsIAw) 52. kYptn bhwdr isμG lwhOr 53. fwktr gurb^S isμG AμimRqsr 54. BweI dIdwr isμG, drbwr swihb AμimRqsr 55. BweI l`Dw isμG sYktrI isμG sBw, 56. BweI dlIp isG mYnyjr Kwlsw skUl, sWglw 57. pRo: Arbyl isμG kpUrQlw 58. BweI ihμmq isμG bzwr BweIAW vwlw, fyrw iesmweIl Kæwn 59. BweI dwn isμG vCoAw 60. BweI qIrQ isμG GrjwK, kTUAw (kSmIr) 61. kYptn rwm isμG, c`k 128 jnUbI, srgoDw 62. BweI ibSn isμG kpUrQlw (ienHW 62 mYˆbrW dI suDweI 12 dsμbr dy idn kIqI geI sI)[ (h&qwvwr is`K ispwhI &Irozpur, 12 dsMbr 1920, s&w 7)[
ienHW qoN ielwvw kuJ hor nW hyT ilKy sn:
1. bwbw KVk isμG 2. BweI mohn isμG vYd 3. AkwlI mμgl isμG 4. BweI mihqwb isμG bIr, bkwpur (jlμDr) 5. BweI srmuK isμG Jbwl 6. BweI Amr isμG Jbwl 7. BweI qyjw isμG smuμdrI 8. BweI sohx isμG joS 9. bwbw kyhr isμG p`tI 10. j: qwrw isμG TyTr 11. hY~f mwstr mihqwb isμG 12. j: qyjw isμG AkrpurI 13. igAwnI Syr isμG 14. BweI qyjw isμG cUhVkwxw 15. BweI igAwn isμG
AYbtwbwd 16. BweI hrcμd isμG lwielpurI 17. bwbw krm isμG cImw 18. BweI ipAwrw isμG knyfIAn 19. mwstr moqw isμG 20. Bgq jsvμq isμG 21. mwstr qwrw isμG 22. BweI hrI isμG jlμDrI 23. pRo: swihb isμG 24. BweI Bwg isμG knyfIAn 25. mwstr suμdr isμG lwielpur 26. BweI Arjn isμG DIrky 27. BweI lCmx isμG DwrovwlI 28. BweI Bwg isμG vkIl 29. BweI gurid`q isμG bihlolpurI 30. BweI nrYx isμG bYirstr 31. BweI rwey isμG kwauxI (aurPæ dljIq isμG) 32. BweI gopwl isμG kOmI 33. pRo: inrμjn isμG 34. BweI qyjw isμG Givμf 35. bwbU iqRpq isμG 36. BweI gurcrn isμG swgrI 37. BweI sμqw isμG sulqwnivμf 38. BweI gopwl isμG swgrI 39. BweI gurid`q isμG AYfItr nySn 40. BweI bwl isμG knyfIAn 41. BweI imq isμG knyfIAn 42. BweI srdUl isμG kvISr 43. BweI jsvμq isμG Jbwl 44. BweI pRIqm isμG Anμdpur swihb 45. BweI dlIp isμG 46. BweI ikrpwl isμG AμimRqsr 47. BweI gurb^S isμG id`lI 48. BweI ikSn isMG AMimRqsr 49. BweI b^SIS isMG Bum`dI 50. BweI hrI isμG AYfItr AkwlI 51. rswldwr suμdr isμG 52. rswldwr joD isμG 53. s.b. mihqwb isμG 54. BweI hIrw isμG nwrlI 55. qyjw isMG hzUrIAw 56. mihqwb isMG ijhlm 57. iSvdyv isMG isAwlkot[ isMD dy: 58.dIvwn lIlwrwm isMG 59. jvwhr isMG 60. Bgq isMG hwlw 61. Aqr isMG krwcI 62. gokl isMG 63. bwvr isMG 64. dIvwn rqn isMG 65. sMqoK isMG kYQl 66. joigMdr isMG Kurdpur 67. lKmI isMG AYbtwbwd 68. gulwb isMG AYbtwbwd 70. jgjIq isMG hrsIAw gurdwspur 71. lwl isMG Alwvlpur gurdwspur 72. iDAwn isMG lwhOr 73. swDU isMG nwmDwrI lwhOr 74. surYx isMG ig`l lwhOr 75.hrbMs isMG AYm.ey. pitAwlw (ieh nW A^bwrW iv`coN Aqy srkwr dIAW ^u&IAw PwielW iv`coN imly hn)[ ienHW 137 nWvW qoN isvw 38 hor mYˆNbrW dy nW Ajy qk nhIN iml sky[

ies SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dy jQydwr (pRDwn) dI cox vwsqy mIitμg Agly idn hoeI[ ies iek`T ivc isr& 61 mYˆbr hwzr sn[ hor qW hor mwstr moqw isμG Aqy hor keI muKI AwgU vI hwizr nhIN sn[ mIitμg ivc mYNbrW dI pVqwl kIqI geI[ ijμnHW ny AμimRq nhIN CikAw sI aunHW ƒ AμimRq Ckx vwsqy ikhw igAw[ suμdr isμG mjITw ny kkwr ivKw ky hI Cutkwrw krvw ilAw[ ijnHW ny kurihq mμnI jW AμimRqDwrI nhIN sn aunHW ivc sUrq isμG id`lI, swDU isμG lwhOr, suμdr isμG lwhOr, bUtw isμG SyKUpurw, suμdr isμG srbrwh, Bwg isμG klsIAw, rwm isμG srgoDw, fw. gurb^S isμG, dwn isμG vCoAw, kYptn bhwdr isμG vI sn[ mIitμg ivc suμdr isμG mjITw, hrbμs isμG AtwrI, fw. gurb^S isμG dy ikrdwr Aqy A-pμQk rol sbμDI vI ieqrwz auTwey gey[ suμdr isμG mjITIAw ny ies dw gol-mol jvwb dyNidAW AwiKAw, ‘‘mYˆ AwpxI qu`C bu`DI muqwibk pμQ Bly leI kμm krdw irhw hW[’’ gurb^S isμG, jo jnrl fwier snmwn kmytI dw mYNbr sI, ny ikhw, ‘‘mYN Bulxhwr hW sμgq b^SdI hY, kIqw nw kIqw ivcwr ky b^So[’’ mYNbrW dI suDweI mgroN Akwl q^q swihb ’qy Ardwsw soiDAw igAw[ ausy rwq sq vjy, jdoN isr& 40-50 mYNbr rih gey qW SRomxI kmytI dy pRDwn dI cox kr leI geI[

pRDwngI vwsqy suμdr isμG mjITIAw, hrbμs isμG AtwrI qy BweI joD isμG dy nW pyS kIqy gey[ hwizr mYNbrW ivc bhuqy mjITIey dy ihmwieqI sn[ aunHW ny ieh bhwnw lwieAw ik suμdr isμG mjITw ny CyqI hI vwiesrwey dI AYZzYkitv kONsl dy mYNbr bx jwxw hY qy isr& audoN q`k aunHW ƒ pRDwn cux ilAw jwvy[ (h&qwvwr is`K ispwhI &Irozpur, 28 dsMbr 1920, s&w 8)[ ieh hiQAwr kwmXwb hoieAw qy mjITw pRDwn, hrbμs isμG AtwrI mIq pRDwn, suMdr isMG rwmgVIAw sk`qr qy bwvw hrikSn isMG mIq sk`qr cuxy gey[ AYZzYkitv ivc joD isμG, qyjw isμG, bUtw isμG vkIl, hrbμs isμG, crn isμG, Amr isμG lwiel Zzt qy bwbw kyhr isμG p`tI cuxy gey[ AhudydwrW ivcoN pihly iqμny mu`K Ahudydwr srkwry-drbwry nyVqw r`Kx vwly sn[ ijs qrIky nwl cox kIqI geI, auh iek socI smJI swizS sI[ ijs vyly srkwr ƒ ies dI ieqlwh imlI qW gvrnr ny suK dw swh ilAw Aqy aumId kIqI ik hux SRomxI kmytI aunHW dy kμtrol qoN bwhr nhIN jw skygI[ pr, ieh aus dw BulyKw hI sI[ kuJ h&iqAW mgroN suμdr isμG mjITw AYZzYkitv kONsl dy mYˆbr bx gey[ aunHW dI QW hrbμs isμG AtwrI pRDwn bxy[ 30 ApRYl 1921 ƒ SRomxI kmytI rijstr krvweI geI[ 14 Agsq 1921 dy idn iPr nvIN cox hoeI[ ies ivc bwbw KVk isμG pRDwn, s.b. mihqwb isμG mIq pRDwn qy suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAw sYktrI cuxy gey[

sqMbr 1921 ivc drbwr swihb dI vKrI lokl kmytI bxw id`qI geI[ ies dw pRDwn suMdr isMG rwmgVHIAw nUM bxwieAw igAw[ ies kmytI dy 12 mYNbr (5 Sihr dy qy 7 hor) sn[ aus vyly d&qr Aqy pujwrIAW dw ^rc 3000 rupY mhInw sI[ BweI &qih isMG gRMQI nUM 300 qy igAwnI krqwr isMG klwsvwlIAw mIq gRMQI nUM 120 rupY mhInw imldy sn[ ienHIN idnIN hI JMfy buMgy dI eImwrq Fwh ky Akwl q^q swihb dw cugwx KulHw kIqw igAw[

gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dI dIvwr
auDr julweI-Agsq 1920 ivc gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dw mslw Pyr KVw ho igAw sI[ Agsq 1920 dy Aw^rI h&qy ’c srkwr ny F`TI dIvwr dy bwhr iek in`kI dIvwr bxwaux dI swizS rcI sI[ srdUl isμG kvISr ny 2 sqμbr 1920 dy AkwlI A^bwr ivc iek lyK ivc is`KW ƒ gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dI F`TI hoeI kμD ƒ auswrn vwsqy 100 is`KW dw iek ShIdI jQw bxwaux dI ApIl kr ky is`KW ƒ Awpxy nW ilKwaux vwsqy AwiKAw sI[ ieh ic`TI ieM\ sI:
is`K gurduAwirAW nUM bcwvx vwsqy sO ShIdW dI loV
gurduAwrw rkwb gMj nUM khI
(v`loN srdUl isMG jI kvISr)

Kwlsw jI kI Awp Bu`l gey ho ik gurduAwrw rkwb gMj nUM, ij`Qy siqgurU qyZ bhwdr jI dw sskwr iek ZrIb is`K ny Awpxw Gr bwr swV ky kIqw sI, khI lg cukI hY Aqy aus nUM Fwh dyx dIAW gunqIAW guMdIAW jw rhIAW hn[ kI hux qusIN ieh suxn qy dyKx nUM iqAwr ho ik Awp dy siqgurW dy lhU nwl isMjy hoey
piv`qr AsQwn mukwmI hwkmW dI mrzI Anuswr, Aj bwZ bgIcy Aqy klH Asqbl bxwn dI ^wiqr, BMn qoV kIqy jwn[
quhwfy ivc ieh g`l smJx dI SkqI nhIN rhI ik ieh jo purwxw gurduAwrw swihb rkwb gMj nUM khI l`gI hY ies khI ny ies jgwh hI bMd nhIN hoxw blik ieh iek iek kr ky sB gur AsQwnW dI nINh KoKlI kr dyvygI; nhIN nhIN Kwlsy Drm nUM hOlI hOlI iet iet pu`t ky zmIn nwl imlw dyvygI, Aqy imlw vI AYsw dyvygI ik iPr Kwlsy dw nwm SYd ikqy ieiqhws dIAW ikqwbW ivc nzr Awvy qW pr izMdgI dy q^qy qy koeI nwm jW inSwn nw rhygw Aqy Awp hI “kyqI geI dyK vwjy vjw” dI igxqI ivc Swiml ho jwvygw[
id`lI dy A&srW ny gurduAwrw swihb dI Amolk DrqI nUM bZYr is`KW dI mrzI dy drXw&q krn dy, kOfW dy mu`l Awpxy GrogI bxwey hoey kwnUMn dy zrIey Koh ilAw hY Aqy Kohn qoN bwAd gurduAwrw swihb nUM FwnHw SurU kr id`qw hY[ Kwlsw jI nUM pqw lgw qy srkwr pws &rXwd kIqI, ijs pr gurduAwry dw FwXw jwxw ivcy hI C`f id`qw igAw[ ienHW idnW ivc hI lVweI SurU ho geI sI Aqy srkwr nUM is`KW dI bVI loV sI[ srkwr nUM BwvyN DrmhIxy s`jxW ny ault pult hI disAw sI, pr srkwr nUM ieh pqw zrUr ho igAw ik gurduAwrw rkwb gMj dy muAwmly ivc CyVCwV SurU rhI qW &OjI BrqI ivc &rk Aw jwvygw[ ies vwsqy aunHW ny aus vyly gurduAwrw swihb nUM FwnHw bMd krvw id`qw[
cI& Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr Aqy ies dy kriqAW hriqAW ny srkwr nUM ieh au~kw hI JUT ds id`qw ik bySk jy srkwr nUM zrUrq hovy qW is`KW v`loN gurduAwry nUM Fwh dyvy, is`K ies nUM burw nw mMnngy[ pr ienHW DrmhIny purSW dI aus vyly pUrI pyS nw c`lI Aqy gurduAwrw sihb dw FwnHw ivcy hI rih igAw[ jo sunYhrI qy rupYhrI grzW ienHW Fwn dI iejwzq dyx vwilAW is`KW dIAW sn aunHW nUM KolH ky d`sx dI koeI loV nhIN[ pMQ ienHW ivSvwsGwqIAW dIAW cwlW qoN hux ^Ub vwk& ho igAw hY Aqy ienHW nUM qlWjlI dy cukw hY[ ies vwsqy AsIN Awpxy vIrW Aqy syvw dy dwvydwrW dI mnlocnI suMdr kQw nUM kuJ ivsQwr nwl dsxw zrUrI nhIN smJdy[
g`l kI ik gurduAwry dw qoVnw PoVnw kuJ icr vwsqy bMd ho igAw pr tu`tI dIvwr nUM muV bnwieAw vI nw igAw[ cI& Kwlsw dIvwn v`loN ijhVI srkwr nUM h`lw SyrI iml geI aus ny srkwr nUM pUrw inXwauN nw krn id`qw Aqy jd hux lVweI bMd ho geI hY Aqy nw is`KW dI mdd dI izAwdw loV rhI hY Aqy nwl hI jd is`KW dw ipClw joS BweI rxDIr isMG jI vrigAW gur is`KW dy kYd ho jwx kr ky TMfw pY igAw, qW gurduAwrw Fwn vwilAW A&srW qy s`jxW ny nvIAW ivauNqW SurU kr id`qIAW[
ies dI QW ik gurduAwrw swihb ivc kWt CWt krn qoN pihlW id`lI dy srkwrI A&sr AYsy zrUrI mwmly ivc is`KW dI AwigAw lY ky h`Q vDwauNdy, ienHW A&srW ny iek id`lI dI hI brwey nwm kmytI jhI nUM hyTW au~qy kr ky kuJ goNd guMdnI SurU kr id`qI hY[ cI& kimSnr id`lI dy prsnl AisstYNt dI ic`TI jo AkwlI ivc 18-8-20 qrIk nUM CpI hY aus nUM gOh nwl pVHn qoN sw& pRgt ho jwvygw ik gurduAwrw
siwhb nUM Fwn dI ^wiqr cI& ieMjnIAr Awid A&srW ny ik`fI cwlwkI kIqI hY[ ies ic`TI ivc ikqy qW Kwlsw dIvwn id`lI dw izkr kr ky is`KW nUM tplw lwieAw hY Aqy ikqy nYhrI zmInW dy sbz bwg idKw ky is`KW dw lwlc nwl mUMh bMd krn dI koiSS kIqI hY[
ies Bly purS nUM ieh pqw nhIN ik is`KW ny AsUl ^wqr qW bwdSwhqW qy l`qW mwrIAW hoeIAW hn, aunHW nUM mur`ibAW dw lwlc kdy vI gurduAwrw swihb dI byAdbI krn vwsqy kwrgr nhIN ho skdw[ ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik bwjy nwmDrIk bhUrUpIey is`K lwlc dy Zulwm ho ky AwpxI kOm nUM vyc cuky hn[ Agy nUM Pyr vycx vwsqy iqAwr hn, pr is`K kOm ies igrI hoeI hwlq ivc vI Awpxy gurduAwirAW dI inrwdrI vyKx nUM iqAwr nhIN[ ijs kmytI dw izkr aukq ic`TI ivc kIqw igAw hY, auh kmytI kdI is`KW dy s`cy iKAwl pRgt nhIN kr skdI[ ieh vI suixAw jWdw hY ik ies kmytI ny vI gurduAwrw swihb dI dIvwr nUM Fwn qoN sw& ienkwr kr id`qw hY, jy ieh s`c hY qW Swbws AYsy is`KW dy[ pMQ AYsy s`jxW dw sdw hI DMnvwdI hY[ ienHW iv`coN QohVy swry s`jx auh hn ijhVy ik Tykydwr hn Aqy Awpxy pyt dw qMdUr qpwn vwsqy ieMjnIAr Aqy dUsry id`lI dy A&srW dI ^uSI dy mohqwj hn[ nwl hI ienHW ivcoN Aksr kr ky cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy, ijhVw ik gurduAwry nUM Fw dyx dw pihlW hI &qvw dy cukw hY, Asr hyTW Awey hoey B`dr purS sn[ dws id`lI dIvwn dI kmytI dw pUrw jwxUM hY Aqy ienHW ivc bhuq swry dws dy im`qr vI hn Aqy dws cMgI qrHW jwxdw hY ik ienHW s`jxW dy idl ivc pMQ dw drd kw&I mOjUd hY, pr dws ieh vI jwxdw hY ik ies kmytI dy A&sr mYNbrW nUM Awpxy Kwn pIx vwsqy cI& ieMjnIAr Aqy dUsry id`lI dy A&srW dy h`QW vl q`knw pYNdw hY, Aqy aunHW vwsqy ieh qkrIbn nw mumikn hI hY ik auh koeI rwey pMQk muAwmilAW ivc srkwrI A&srW dI mrzI dy bri^lw& suqMqr qOr ’qy pRgt kr skx[ ies vwsqy is`K kOm Kwlsw dIvwn id`lI dy mYNbrW dI rwie nUM gurduAwrw swihb rkwb gMj dy mwmly ivc kdy vI nhIN mMn skdI qy nw hI ies g`l nUM kbUl krn vwsqy iqAwwr hY ik id`lI dy ienHW cMd purSW nUM ieh h`k hY ik auh is`KI AsUlW nUM zmIn jW rupey dy bdly vyc dyx[
Asl g`l ieh hY ik gurduAwrw rkwb gMj nUM hux mOjUdw hwlq ivc svwey iek is`KW dI pMcwieqI kmytI dI AwigAw ibnW iksy nUM CyVCwV krn dw koeI h`k nhIN[ Aqy is`KW nUM kdy vI cYn nhIN ho skdw ld qk izMmyvwr A&sr ZlqI nwl FwhI hoeI dIvwr nUM Pyr nw bxw dyx Aqy AwpxI AXog Aqy kwnUMn ivruD ZlqI dI mw&I nw mMg lYx[ ienHW A&srW ny bwdSwh dy aus mnSw dy ivruD ik ihMdI Dwrimk mwmilAW ivc srkwrI nOkr hrigz d^l nw dyxgy, is`KW dw idl duKwieAw hY, Aqy is`KW dy idlW nUM kdI TMf nhIN pY skdI jd qk aunHW dIAW A`KW swhmxy FTI hoeI dIvwr dw iBAwnk idRS kwiem hY[
cI& Kwlsw dIvwn vloN Aqy iek do hor s`jxW v`loN ijnHW nUM ihMd dI swdgI nwloN XUrp dI BVkIlI Swn sohnI lgdI hY, ieh ikhw igAw sI ik jd srkwr gurduAwrw swihb nUM Agy nwloN suhxw bnWvdI hY Aqy zmIn vI idMdI hY qW is`KW dw
kI hrj hY ik gurduAwrw swihb nUM igrwn nw dyx[ ieh dlIl iblkul bodI hY Aqy Asl g`l nUM ijs pr is`KW nUM nrwzgI hY aus nUM ghu ivc nhIN ilAwauNdI[ is`K zmIn dy qy sonIAW kMDW dy AwSk nhIN hn[ is`K Awpxy Dwrimk AsUlW dy AwSk hn[ jy dIvwr cMgI hY qW aunHW dI AwpxI hY, jy mMdI hY qW AwpxI hY, pr iksy hor nUM h`k nhIN ik aunHW dy Dwrimk mMdr nUM aunHW dI AwigAw qoN ibnW G`t vD kr sky[ ieh svwl inrI dIvwr dIAW ie`tW dw nhIN bl ik kOmI Awn qy mwx dw hY[ jy kr kOm dy h`kW qy hmlw kIqw jwvy, qW BwvyN mMdr sony dw BI bnwx dw iekrwr kIqw jwvy, is`K ies nUM mMnx vwsqy kdI iqAwr nhIN ho skdy[ dsmyS jI jYsw dwnI koeI purS ies ipRQvI qy nhIN hoieAw, aunHW qy jo BI iksy ny mMigAw KuSI nwl aus nUM siqgurW ny BrpUr kIqw[ pr jd siqgurW pwsoN iek jwbr phwVI rwjy ny zbrdsqI hwQI lYxw cwihAw qW dsmyS jI ny sw& ienkwr kr id`qw Aqy juD qk nObq Aw phuMcI[ g`l kI ik Dwrimk mwmilAW ivc is`K iksy dI eIn mMnx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN hn BwvyN ikMnw hI loB aunHW nUM id`qw jwvy[
cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy hmYqIAW Aqy dUsry gurduAwrw swihb dI inrwdrI krn vwilAW ny ieh vI dlIl idqI sI ik zmIn KohU kwnUMn (Land Acquisition Act) dy rwhIN srkwr zmIn Aqy gurduAwrw swihb nUM lY cukI hY ies vwsqy hux is`KW dw rosw ins&l hY[ ieh dlIl BI mUrKqw BrI hoeI hY[ A`vl qW koeI kwnUMn ijhVw bwdSwh dy ies hukm dy bri^lw& hovy ik Dwrimk mwmilAW ivc srkwr d^l nw dyvygI auh kwnUMn nwjwiez hY[ aus dw mMnxw ihMd vwsIAW dw koeI &rz nhIN hY[ mYnUM pUrw ivSvws hY ik jo gurduAwrw swihb dI zmIn id`lI dy AsQwnIk A&srW ny leI hY ik jy ies dy muq`lk muk`dmw kIqw jwvy qW auh zmIn is`KW nUM vwips iml skdI hY[ ikaNu ik ihMd koeI kwnUMn aus SwhI AYlwn dy bri^Awl& ijhVw ik ihMdI DrmW dI rkSw dy muqlk aunHW dy ihMd dw rwj sMBwln vyly Zdr dy ip`CoN kIqw sI, pws krn dw h`k nhIN rKdI[ Aqy jy ieh g`l mMn vI leI jwvy ik koeI AYsw kwnUMn hY, ijhVw is`K Drm dy ivru`D hY qW mYN zor nwl kYhn vwsqy iqAwr hW ik AYsy kwnUMn mMnxw, jd qk is`K kihlwxw cwhuMdy hn, is`KW dw Drm nhIN hY, Aqy is`K ies kwnUMn nUM srkwr qoN quVvwn dw pUrw h`k rKdy hn[
cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy iek hmYqI ny ieh BI iliKAw sI ik gurduAwrw swihb dI kMD gurduAwrw nhIN hY[ ies hujq dw isr& ieqnw hI jvwb kw&I hY ik jo kMD C`qW QVHw Awid gurduAwrw nhIN hY qW kI gurduAwrw aus hvw dy pol dw nwm hY ijhVw ik ienHW dIvwrW dy AMdr hY? auh swrw AsQwn ijs nwl gurduAwrw dI BumI dw sbMD hY gurduAwrw hY, BwvyN kMD hovy jW C`q, BwvyN QVHw hovy jW drvwzw[
Kwlsw jI Awp ienHW hujqIAW dIAW hujqW nw suno, Aqy iqAwr br iqAwr ho ky Awpxy Drm dI Awn rKx vwsqy kmr ksy kr lvo qy siqgurU dIAW ^uSIAW lvo[ gurduAwrw swihb rkwb gMj aus Drm-joDy dI AmulI Xwdgwr hY ijs ny ihMdU, muslmwn, eIsweI Awid sB DrmW dI Awn Kwqr AwpxI jwn dI AwhUqI, ADrm nUM htwx dI ^wqr zulm dy kuMB ivc pw ky, sirStI Drm dI lwj r`K idKweI sI[ ies gurduAwrw sihb dI syvw krnI, sB jgq dI syvw krnI hY Aqy jy is`K ies
gurduAwrw swihb dy mwmly nUM suqMqrqw Aqy SWqI nwl nijT lYxgy qW bwkI sB gurduAwirAW dy JgVy &swd jW pujwrIAW dIAW kurIqIAW suqy isD hI dUr ho jwxgIAW[
qW qy cwhIey ik sB is`K jQy QW-QW qoN lwt swihb pMjwb, vwiesrwey ihMd Aqy cI& kimSnr id`lI nUM ieh gurmqw ilK Byjx:
“ik gurduAwrw swihb rkwb gMj dI kMD nUM Fw ky id`lI dy A&srW ny jo AprwD kIqw sI, aus nwl is`KW dy Dwrimk idlW nUM AqI s`t vjI hY Aqy jd qk srkwr ies kMD nUM Pyr nw bxw dyvy is`KW nUM kdI SWqI nhIN ho skdI[”
pr Kwlsw jI AYqkI AsIN ieh gurmqw pws kr ky bs nhIN ho jwnw[ ieh gurmqy Agy BI pws hoey hn, pr g`l ivcy hI rih geI[ hux Kwlsy dw Drm hY ik mwmly nUM isrqoV pucw ky hty[ srkwrI A&srW dw vqIrw BwvyN kuJ hI hovy pr srkwr ihMd dI buinAwd iensw& Aqy rXq qy Dwrimk h`kW dI rwKI krn pr hY[ jy AsIN srkwrI A&srW nUM pUry qOr qy ds idAWgy ik aunHW ny gurduAwrw swihb rkwbgMj dy mwmly ivc ZlqI kIqI hY Aqy aus ZlqI nwl is`KW dy ihridAW nUM bhuq du`K phuMcwieAw hY, qW auh zrUr swfI ArzoeI nUM mMn lYxgy[ pr jy auh is`Dy rsqy nw pYx qW Kwlsw Awpxw kwrj Awp swDn vwsqy iqAwr ho jwvy[
auh ies qrHW ik kw&I QWvW qoN gurmqy Byjx bwAd id`lI dy A&srW nUM iek noits id`qw jwvygw ik auh do mhIny dy AMdr AMdr FwhI hoeI kMD nUM ikrpw kr ky bxw dyx[ jy kMD nw bnwaux qW Gto Gt 100 Kwlsw jI iPr Awp id`lI jw ky gurU pMQ dI AwigAw Anuswr kMD dI syvw Awpxy h`QIN krygw Aqy gurU dIAW ^uSIAW lvygw[
qW qy Kwlsw jI auTo Aqy Awpxy Drm dI r`iKAw ^wqr swvDwn ho jwvo[ hux Awp ivc BweI mnI isMG Aqy BweI qwrU isMG jI* dy isdk dI loV hY[ jy koeI ADrmI Awp nUM Awp dy Drm AsQwn dI syvw qoN roky qW BwvyN Awp dw purzw purzw kitAw jwvy pr Awp ny gurU syvw qoN nhIN muVnw[ Awp ny iksy qy nwjwiez qOr qy h`Q nhIN auTwxw[ pr jy koeI Awp nUM Awpxy ipAwry dy mMdrW dI syvw qoN zbrdsqI roky qW Awp ny ip`T nhIN idKwxI[ jy swnUM koeI golI mwrygw qW AsIN h`Q bMnH ky AwKWgy ik sB dy Drm dI lwj r`Kx vwly hW, ihMd dI cwdr kihlwaux vwly dy mMdr dy rKvwly hW, swnUM aus dy mMdr bcwx qoN nw roko[ jy swfy sIinAW qy koeI bysmJ kwlw XW gorw Brw sMgIn mwrygw qy AsIN aus dy Agy CwqIAW nMgIAW kr ky ArjoeI krWgy ik bwbw jI mwr swnUM, zrUr mwr, pr rb dy vwsqy swnUM Awpxy dulwry dy Fwey hoey mMdr nUM bnwx vwsqy iek ie`t mrn qoN pihlW zrUr r`K lYx dyvo[
Kwlsw jI Bu`ly hoey A&sr BrwvW nUM is`Dy rsqy pwx dw A`j swfy pws ieko hI rsqw rih igAw hY, auh hY ik gurU Arjn swihb vWgr duK jrIey Aqy ZlqI krn vwilAW nUM aunHW dI ZlqI dw XkIn AwpxI kurbwnI nwl krvw dyeIey[ Aj jd gurduAwrw swihb rkwb gMj dI kMD nhIN, gurU nwnk swihb qoN lY ky dsmyS jI qk sBy pwqSwh ies kMD rwhIN, Awp nUM Awpny Drm dI lwj Aqy Awn rKx dI ^wqr
llkwry mwr irhy hn[ jy Awp is`K ho Aqy is`K Drm Aqy is`K gurduAwirAW dw ipAwr Aqy drd Awpxy idl ivc rKdy ho qW iqAwr br iqAwr ho jwvo Aqy ijs qrHW BweI mhW isMG jI ny tu`tI gMF ivKweI sI Awp ifgI nUM auswr idKwvo[
jo s`jx Drm dI ^wqr iksy dUsry nUM duK nw dyx dw iekrwr krdy hoey siqgurW dy mMdr Aqy Drm dI Awn r`Kx dI ^wqr iksy dUsry nUM duK nw dyx dw iekrwr krdy hoey siqgurW dy mMdr Aqy Drm dI Awn r`Kx dI ^wqr sIs Bytw krn vwsqy iqAwr hox, auh CyqI hI hMblw mwr ky Awpxy nwm “AkwlI” dy d&qr ivc Byj dyx] kw&I nW iek`Ty ho jwx dy bwAd, Aqy jy id`lI dy A&srW ny CyqI hI swfy F`Ty mMdr nUM nw auswr id`qw qW pMQ dI kmytI kr ky mhIny dw noits idqw jwvygw Aqy gurduAwrw swihb dI syvw dw pUrw pUrw ieMqzwm kr id`qw jwvygw[ vwihgurU jI kw Kwlsw vwihgurU jI kI &qih[[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 2 sqMbr 1920)[
(*not: ies ic`TI ivc BweI mnI isMG qy BweI qwrU isMG dw vwsqw pwieAw hY dIp isMG (bwbw) dw nhIN[ dIp isMG dy nW nUM mShUrI 1978 qoN mgroN iBMfrW-mihqw jQy ny dyxI SurU kIqI sI)[

ieh ic`TI Cpx mgroN kuJ hI idnW ivc 800 qoN v`D nW Aw gey sn[ ies ny Bwrq dI brqwnvI srkwr ƒ v^q pw id`qw sI[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 18,20,27 sqMbr 1920 ivc ieh nW Cpy sn, vyKo: SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ikvyN bxI, s&y 405-09)[

ShIdI jQy ivc Swiml hox vwsqy eyny izAwdw isμGW dy nW Awaux kr ky srkwr vI GbrweI hoeI sI[ ijnHIN idnIN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI bxn dI iqAwrI ho rhI sI, aunHIN idnIN hI id`lI srkwr ny AYlwn jwrI kIqw ik srkwr gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dI dIvwr bxwaux dI iejwzq dyx vwsqy iqAwr hY[ ieh swizS drAsl purwxI dIvwr qoN v`KrI QW ’qy nvIN qy CotI dIvwr bxwaux dI sI[ ies dy nwl hI srkwr ny is`K lIg jW iksy hor jQybμdI ƒ kbUl krn dI bjwie cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ƒ hI numwieμdw mμinAw sI[ is`K AwgUAW ny ies ƒ nw mnzUr kridAW Awpxy numwieμdy id`lI Byjx dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ kuJ is`K AwgU id`lI gey qy aunHW ny ies bwry AwpxI irport jwrI kIqI[ ies dOrwn srkwr ny iek vwr Pyr AYlwn kIqw ik auh purwxI dIvwr dy bwhr iek nvIN dIvwr auswr ky dyx vwsqy iqAwr hY[ ieh dIvwr v`fI hoxI sI Aqy ies dw mqlb gurduAwry dI purwxI dIvwr ƒ auswrn qoN rokxw Aqy bwhroN gurduAwry dI AMdrlI kwrvweI nzr AwauxoN rokxw sI[ is`K AwgUAW ny srkwr dI swijS ƒ qwV ilAw Aqy AμimRqsr Aw ky bwkI AwgUAW nwl ivcwr kIqI[ 20 Aqy 21 AkqUbr ƒ is`K lIg dw smwgm sI[ ‘‘ShIdI jQy’’ ’c nW ilKwaux vwilAW ƒ ies smwgm ’qy pu`jx vwsqy AwiKAw igAw[ ies mOky qy hoey iek`T ivc srkwrI swizS ƒ bynkwb kridAW is`K AwgUAW ny sμgqW ƒ ‘id`lI mwrc’ dw s`dw id`qw[ ienHIN idnIN hI mhwrwjw irpudmn isμG nwBw ny brqwnvI srkwr nwl g`lbwq SurU kr id`qI[ mhwrwjw nwBw v`loN rol Adw krn nwl srkwr ’c vDyry ihljul hoeI[ ies dOrwn hrcμd isμG lwielpurI jQy dI iqAwrI vwsqy id`lI gey hoey sn[ hwlwq dI sμjIdgI ƒ mihsUs krdy hoey srkwr ny gofy tyk id`qy[ ies ’qy hrcμd isμG lwielpurI ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI ƒ qwr ByjI ik iek h&qy q`k dIvwr bx ky iqAwr ho jwvygI ies kr ky jQw nw ByijAw jwvy[

SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI bx jwx, drbwr swihb, Akwl q^q swihb, bwby dI byr, cumwlw swihb ’qy pμQ dw kbzw hox Aqy gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dI F`TI dIvwr muV ausrn nwl is`KW dy hOsly bVy bulμd ho gey[

Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr dw kμtrol
ienHW idnW ivc hI Kwlsw kwlj AMiRmqsr dy ieqzwm dw mslw vI iPr nvyN isirEN BK ipAw[ Kwlsw kwlj is`K irAwsqW Aqy Awm sμgqW dy pYsy lwl 1892 ivc SurU kIqw igAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI AμgryzI hkUmq ny ies ’qy mukμml kbzw kr ilAw[ 1907 ivc zmInI bμdobsq dy kwƒn dy i^lw& hoeI AYjItySn mgroN srkwr ny ies ’qy pUrw hI kbzw kr ilAw[ CyqI hI is`K AwgUAW ny ies bwry vI Awvwz auTwauxI sUrU kr id`qI [ 1909 ivc mwstr suμdr isμG lwielpurI ny kI Kwlsw kwlj is`KW dw hY? pY&lt ilK ky is`K AwgUAW ƒ cOks krn dI koiSS kIqI sI pr audoN ieh mslw vDyry ihmwieq hwisl nw kr sikAw[ brqwnvI srkwr dy JolI-cuk hox kr ky cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy AwgU Aqy jgIrdwr qy reIs is`K ies bwry cu`p rhy[ jdoN meI 1920 ivc AkwlI A^bwr CpxI SurU hoeI qW ies A^bwr dy moFIAW (mw: suμdr isμG qy hrcμd isμG lwielpurI vgYrw) ny Kwlsw kwlj dy ieμqzwm dy msly ƒ vI Pyr auTwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ julweI 1920 ivc Kwlsw kwlj dy lYkcrwr BweI joD isμG ƒ i^lw&q lihr dy ihmwieqI hox kr ky nOkrI qoN br^wsq kr id`qw igAw[ ies dy jvwby-Aml vjoN is`K hlikAW ny Kwlsw kwlj dy ieμqzwm dw mslw Pyr cu`k ilAw[ Agsq dy dUjy h&qy rozwnw AkwlI A^bwr ivc Kwlsw kwlj dy sbμD ivc QoVHw-QoVHw crcw SurU ho igAw[ auDr pRo: joD isμG nwl Aμgryz A&srW ny dobwrw sbμD qW bxw ley pr aus ƒ nOkrI ’qy vwips nw ilAw[ sqμbr 1920 dy A^Ir ivc cumwlw swihb Aqy AkqUbr dy SurU iv`c bwby dI byr isAwlkot dy msly ny Kwlsw kwlj dy nukqy ip`Cy pw id`qw pr 12 AkqUbr ƒ Akwl q^q swihb ’qy kbzw hox mgroN gurduAwirAW vwsqy sWJI kmytI (SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI) bxwaux vwsqy hukmnwmw jwrI hox nwl Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr Aqy drbwr swihb pμQk msilAW dy ivcwrn vwsqy sB qoN v`fy plyt&wrm bx gey[ hux Kwlsw kwlj dy ieμqzwm ƒ pμQk h`QW ivc lYx vwsqy vI muihμm nvyN isirEN SurU ho geI[

26 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn Kwlsw kwlj dy 13 pRo&YsrW ny lwrf vwiesrwey ƒ ic`TI ilK ky Kwlsw kwlj dw ieμqzwm pμQk kmytI ƒ sONpx vwsqy AwiKAw[ ieh 13 pRoPYsr sn: iSvcrn isμG, crn isμG, qwrw isμG, qyjw isμG, joigμdr isμG, bwvw hrikSn isμG, rwijμdr isμG, kSmIrw isμG, inrjμn isμG, aUDm isμG, bI.Awr. cYtrjI qy kuμdn lwl[ ienHW ny vwiesrwie ƒ noits id`qw ik jy 5 nvμbr qk srkwr ny Kwlsw kwlj dy ieμqzwm ƒ is`KW dy hvwly nw kIqw qW auh mOjUdw kmytI hyTW kμm nhIN krngy[ ienHW pRo&YsrW ny qjvIz kIqI ik nvyN ieμqzwm dw KrVw iqAwr krn qy aus dI pμQ qoN mnzUrI lYx q`k dy smyN dOrwn iek AwrzI kmytI bxw id`qI jwvy, ijs ivc Arjn isμG bwgVIAW, bic`qr isμG pitAwlw, ieμdr isμG PrIdkot, KVk isμG isAwlkot; iSvdyv isμG reIs, hrcμd isμG lwielpurI Aqy qyjw isμG msqUAwxw mYNbr hox[ srkwr ny pRo&YsrW dI DmkI dI pRvwh krn dI bjwie aultw DmkI id`qI ik srkwr Kwlsw kwlj dI mwlI mdd bμd kr dyvygI[ ies dy jvwb ivc hrcμd isμG lwielpurI ny AYlwn kIqw ik ‘‘jy srkwr Kwlsw kwlj dI mdd bμd kr dyvy qW mYN Awpxy koloN swrI mdd dyvWgw[’’ 31 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn hrcμd isMG qy mwstr suμdr isμG dovyN Kwlsw kwlj phuμc gey[ ies idn qoN hI Kwlsw kwlj bwry AYjItySn bVI qyzI nwl SurU ho geI jo mgroN pVwA-vwr kwmXwb hoeI[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dw bxnw, gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dI dIvwr ausrnw Aqy Kwlsw kwlj dy pμQk kμtrol dI lihr 12 AkqUbr 1920 qoN 16 nvμbr 1920 qk Aihm kwmXwbI hwisl kr cukI sI[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 3,4,10 qy 11 nvMbr 1920; vDyrI q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: SRomxI gurduAwrw pbMDk kmytI ikvyN bxI))[

gurduAwrw pμjw swihb ’qy kbzw
SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dI kwiemI hox qk is`KW ny gurduAwrw cumwlw swihb lwhOr, gurduAwrw bwby dI byr isAwlkot, Akwl q^q swihb Aqy drbwr swihb AμimRqsr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ 15-16 nvμbr 1920 ƒ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI kwiem ho geI[ SRomxI kmytI kwiem hox dy Agly idn hI ^br pu`jI ik gurduAwrw pμjw swihb dw mhμq im`Tw isμh mr igAw hY[ ies ’qy krqwr isμG J`br ny 18 nvμbr dy idn kuJ isμGW ƒ nwl ilAw Aqy ipμf hsn Abdwl v`l cwly pw id`qy[

jdoN ies dI ^br pμjwb dy kuJ kWgrsIAW ƒ imlI qW auh srdUl isμG kvISr dI koTI ’qy iek`Ty hoey[ aunHW Awps ivc mSvrw kr ky Amr isμG Jbwl dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh jQy ƒ pμjw swihb jw ky kbzw qoN rokx[ aus vyly jQw lwhOr phuμc cu`kw sI[ Amr isG Jbwl jQy ƒ rokx vwsqy ShId gμj lwhOr pu`jy[ aunHW J`br ƒ AwiKAw ik ‘qusIN jQw lY ky nw jwE[ gWDI jI AwKdy hn ik 31 dsμbr ƒ svrwj ho jwxw hY[ gurduAwirAW ’qy kbzy krnw koeI kμm nhIN[ AsIN swry kWgrs dw kμm krIey[’ ies ’qy jQydwr J`br ny jvwb id`qw, ‘mYƒ gWDI dy pRogrwm qy i&lhwl koeI XkIn nhIN ik AYfI CyqI Aμgryz ihμdusqwn C`f ky tur jwxgy[ pr, jy ieh g`l mμn vI leI jwvy Aqy svrwj ho vI jwvy qW swfy gurduAwry hor ^qry ivc ho jwxgy[ Azwd ihμdusqwn ivc ihμdU hkUmq hovygI[ ies vyly hkUmq Aμgryz dI hY[ AsIN gurduAwirAW ’qy kbzy krdy hW[ hkUmq cu`p hY ikauN ik Aμgryz dI swfy nwl koeI mzhbI mu^wl&q nhIN[ jy kr gWDI dy khy muqwibk s`cmuc ihμdU rwj ho jwvy qW iPr swƒ gurduAwirAW dy nyVy iksy nhIN Awaux dyxw[ ihμdU swfy nwl mzhbI ie^qlw& r`Kdw hY[’ so, kWgrsIAW dy AwKy ’qy J`br ny rukx qoN nWh kIqI qy hsn Abdwl ƒ j`Qw lY ky cly gey[ (nrYx isMG, AkwlI morcy qy J`br, s&y 75-76)[
(gWDI ny ieho ijhI slwh ies mgroN jYqo dy morcy smyN 1924 ivc qy iPr &rvrI 1925 ivc vI id`qI sI[ audoN gWDI ny Akwl q^q dI iemwrq dy mUhry iek dIvwn ivc is`KW nUM slwh id`qI ik “gurduAwrw suDwr nwloN pihlW ihMdosqwn dy v`fy gurduAwry dw suDwr zrurI hY (Xwin AMgryzW nUM k`Fxw)[” gWDI dI slwh dw sUJvwn is`KW ny s^q jvwby-Aml id`qw[ KwVkU pMjwbI A^bwr ‘bbr Syr’ ny 4 mwrc 1925 dI A^bwr ivc jvwb id`qw sI qy ies dw isrlyK ‘mhwqmw gWDI pwgl ho igAw’ iliKAw sI)[ (vyKo: A^bwr dI kwpI, iesy ikqwb ivc)[

18 nvμbr dy idn J`br dw ‘gurduAwrw syvk jQw’ pμjw swihb phuμc igAw[ jdoN jQw gurduAwry pu`jw qW au~Qy pulIs nwl kuJ pl qkrwr hoieAw[ auDr mhμq im`Tw isμh dy Brw sμq isμh ny 60-kU bdmwS iek`Ty kIqy Aqy aunHW ƒ hmly vwsqy iqAwr kIqw[ jdoN auh iqAwrI kr ky gurduAwry phuμcy qW pulIs ny aunHW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ies ’qy sμq isμh ny pulIs ƒ ivc pw ky g`lbwq SurU kIqI[ ies dOrwn gujrKwn qoN vI kw&I isμG hsn Abdwl phuμc gey[ isμGW ny rl-iml ky gurduAwry dI syvw sμBwl leI[ jdoN isμGW ny lμgr vwlw kmrw KoilHAw qW aus ivcoN qwSW, kukVW dy KμB, isgrtW dIAW f`bIAW Aqy pIqIAW isgrtW dy toty imly[ do QWeIN iksy SrwbI ny aultI kIqI hoeI sI qy aus ’qy suAwh pweI hoeI sI[

Swm vyly sμq isμh ny kuJ ihμdU qy muslmwn iek`Ty kr ley pr sμgq ny aunHW ƒ smJwieAw ik qusIN Dwrimk kμm ’c d^l nw idE[ ies ’qy auh cly gey[ Agly idn 19 nvμbr svyr vyly isμGW ƒ kIrqn qoN rokx dI koiSS kIqI geI pr isμG nw ruky[ ies mgroN pRSwd bx ky Aw igAw jo iek hu`kw pIx vwly ny bxwieAw sI[ isμGW ny aus ƒ kbUlx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ sμq isμh ny jQy dy is`KW ƒ ihμdU-muKwil& AwK ky mukwmI ihμdUAW ƒ is`KW dy gl puAwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr J`br ny aunHW ƒ smJw ky cu`p krvw id`qw[ sμq isμh dupihr vyly Pyr kYNblpur dI pulIs lY AwieAw[ aunHW ny frw Dmkw ky isμGW ƒ au~QoN k`Fx dI koiSS kIqI pr isμG fty rhy[ ihμdU pulsIey gurduAwry dI hdUd ivc hu`kw pINdy rhy[ ieh vyK ky isμG roh ivc Awey pr J`br ny aunHW ƒ pur-Amn rihx vwsqy AwiKAw[

jdoN sμq isμh dy swry hrby PylH ho gey qW aus ny hiQAwr su`t id`qy Aqy smJOqw krnw cwihAw[ gurU gRμQ swihb dI hzUrI ivc aus nwl ivcwrW hoeIAW[ auh iek kmytI dy ieμqzwm hyTW gurduAwry ’c ‘mhμqI’ dI syvw krnI mμn igAw[ ies ’qy gurduAwry dI kmytI cuxI geI[ ies ivc rwm isμG swhnI pRDwn cuxy gey[ bwkI mYNbr sn: igAwnI Syr isμG, qyjw isμG vkIl, mlk dyvw isμG, jsvμq isμG bI.ey.[ mgroN krqwr isμG J`br qy suμdr isμG nIlw (ijhlm) ƒ vI mYNbr pw ilAw igAw[ Swm vyly jdoN sμq isμh ƒ smJOqy ’qy dsq^q krn vwsqy AwiKAw igAw qW auh mu`kr igAw[ aus ny Awpxy ihmwieqI iek`Ty kr ley[ ienHW ivc kuJ muslmwn vI sn[ muslmwnW ƒ kwzI muz`&r dIn Aqy imrzw kuqbdIn vkIl ny smJwieAw qy auh cly gey[ ies ip`CoN mhμq im`Tw isμh dI ivDvw kuJ znwnIAW ƒ lY AweI[ znwnIAW dy D`ky dy bwvjUd is`K purAmn rhy[ Agly idn sμq isμh ny ihμdUAW ƒ Pyr BVkwieAw[ eyny ivc kYNblpur dw ifptI kimSnr Aw igAw[ aus ny ihμdUAW dy hjUm ƒ smJwieAw[ jdoN ihμdU Pyr vI nw hty qW J`br ny fI.sI. ƒ AwiKAw ik ieh ihμdU iksy dy AwKy ’qy rOlw pwaux vwly hn AsIN ienHW ƒ cμd plW ivc hI shI kr skdy hW[ J`br ny fI.sI. ƒ ies dw sbUq idKwaux vwsqy isr& do is`K A`gy kIqy[ aunHW dohW ny ihμdUAW dI iek tolI ƒ llkwirAw isr& llkwrw sux ky hI A`Dy qoN v`D ihμdU, jo BwVy dy t`tU sn, plW ivc hI ihrn ho gey[ ieh vyK ky ifptI kimSnr ny sμq isμh ƒ gurduAwry ’coN bwhr k`F id`qw, aus dy dwKly ’qy p`kI pwbμdI lw id`qI qy aus ƒ kwƒnI cwrwjoeI vwsqy AwiKAw[ (mgroN sμq isμh ny 6 dsμbr ƒ muk`dmw kIqw, jo 20 dsμbr ƒ Kwirj ho igAw)[

26 nvμbr 1920 dy idn gurduAwry ivc BwrI dIvwn sijAw[ dIvwn ivc krqwr isμG J`br ny ‘AkwlI POj’ dI BrqI vwsqy ApIl kIqI[ iesy mOky ’qy 50 is`K in`qry (mgroN iesy ny AkwlI dl jQybμdI ƒ jnm id`qw)[ igAwnI Syr isμG ny ‘AkwlI &Oj’ Pμf vwsqy ApIl kIqI[ ausy vyly 1000 rupY nkd qy 4000 rupY iekrwrI ho gey[ ies qoN mgroN gurduAwry dy ieμqzwm vwsqy kmytI cuxI geI[ ies ivc (ipSwvr qoN:) milk dyvw isμG, BweI gulwb isμG, dUlw isμG AYbtwbwdI, (rwvlipμfI qoN:) rwjw isμG, bwG isμG igAwnI, Aqr isμG; (kYNblpur qoN:) Amr isμG lwiel gzt, myhr isμG gRμQI isμG sBw, gupwl isμG swgrI, krqwr isμG k`lr, (ijhlm qoN:) jIvn isμG, suμdr isμG nIlw, krqwr isμG J`br cuxy gey[ ienHW qoN ielwvw mwstr qwrw isμG, jgq isμG pRdysI qy eISr isμG pμjw swihb vI nwmzd kIqy gey[

SRomxI AkwlI dl dw jnm
pμjw swihb gurduAwry ’qy kbzw krn vyly krqwr isμG J`br ny mihsUs kIqw ik gurduAwirAW ’qy kbzw krn qoN mgroN ies ƒ kwiem r`Kx vwsqy iek p`ky jQy dI zrUrq hY[ jdoN vI loV mihsUs hovy, ies jQy ƒ bulw ilAw jwvy (AkwlI morcy qy J`br, s&w 95)[ ikauN ik pμjw swihb ’c mhμq dI ivDvw ny AOrqW qoN vI hmlw krvwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI, ies kr ky ies ‘AkwlI POj’ ivc kuJ bIbIAW vI Swiml kIqIAW jwx[ ‘‘pμc’’ A^bwr muqwibk mwstr moqw isμG ny ieh suJwA id`qw sI ik A^bwr ’c ApIl Cwp ky iek ‘gurduAwrw syvk dl’ kwiem kIqw jwey[ ieh ApIl ieμ\ sI:
gurduAwrw syvk dl
pμj sO isμGW dI loV
‘‘175 mYNbr bxn qoN bwAd mwstr moqw isμG ny ieh qjvIz kIqI hY ik kmytI dy nwl iek gurduAwrw syvk dl bxwieAw jwey, ijhVw mhμqW qoN ieμqzwm lvy[ ieh kul 500 isμG hox[ ienHW iv`coN 100 iqAwr-br-iqAwr qn^whdwr hox Aqy 400 rIzrv hox, bZYr qn^wh qoN[ ij`Qy hwlq ivgVdI hoeI idsdI hovy, aus gurduAwry leI Akwl q^q swihb ’qy s`d ky jQw tor id`qw jwvy[ ieh ifaUtI iek kmytI lvy, jo 175 iv`coN 25 mYNbr cux ky bxy[ ies dl dy AYkSn dI izμmyvwrI AsIN lYˆdy hW[’’ (pMc, 24 nvMbr 1920)[

26 nvμbr dy idn pμjw swihb dy iek`T ivc ies dw mu`F vI bμinHAw igAw sI[ ausy vyly hI 50 isμGW ny Awpxy Awp ƒ pyS vI kIqw sI[ ies ‘‘gurduAwrw syvk dl’’ jW ‘‘AkwlI dl’’ dI sYNtrl bwfI dI kwiemI vwsqy iek iek`T 14 dsμbr 1920 dy idn Akwl q^q swihb ’qy bulw ilAw igAw[ ies iek`T ivc jQydwr krqwr isμG J`br ny qjvIz kIqI: ‘‘smW swƒ mjbUr kr irhw hY ik gurduAwirAW dw suDwr J`t-pt kIqw jwvy Aqy ies leI hr iek dI kurbwnI dI loV hY[ so ies qrHW kIqw jwvy ik AkwlI dl kwiem kIqw jwvy[ ies dy syvk G`to-G`t iek mhInw swl ivc pμQ ƒ Arpx krn[ kyNdr AμimRqsr hovy, ijQy hr vyly 100 isμG hwzr rihx Aqy ij`Qy ijqny isμG loV pvy Byjy jwx[ ielwikAW ivc ies dIAW SwKw bxweIAW jwx[’’ ies ’qy iek`T ny iek-rwie nwl mqw pws kIqw ik 23 jnvrI ƒ sμgqW q^q Akwl buμgy huμm-huμmw ky Awaux qy jQw kwiem kIqw jwvy[

iesy ^br hyTW zrUrI ApIl ’c ikhw igAw sI ik ‘‘jQy, sBwvW qy dIvwnW dy syvkW Aqy jQydwrW A`gy zrUrI Arz hY ik auh drSn dyx[ iek idn pihloN Awvx qy hux qn-mn qy Dn dI kurbwnI kr ky jnm s&l krn[’’ ieh ApIl qyjw isμG (Bu`cr) dy nW hyT jwrI kIqI geI sI[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 7 jnvrI 1921)[

14 dsμbr 1920 dy iek`T qoN pihlW Aqy mgroN vI keI AkwlI jQy kwiem hoey[ ienHW iv`coN ‘‘AkwlI jQw Krw sOdw’’ (jQydwr krqwr isμG J`br), ‘‘gVgj AkwlI jQw qrn qwrn’’ (jQydwr qyjw isμG Bu`cr), ‘‘ShIdI dIvwn bwr DwrovwlI’’ (jQydwr sμgq isμG) muK jQy sn[ hor ipμfW, ksibAW qy SihrW ivc vI AkwlI jQy kwiem hoey sn[

16 poh (30 dsμbr) ƒ Krw sOdw ’c vI iek iek`T hoieAw ies ivc j: J`br ny mqw pyS kIqw ik gurduAwirAW dy suDwr vwsqy AkwlI dl (izlHw SyKUpurw) kwiem kIqw jwey[ l`Kw isμG ny ies dw qweId kIqI[ ausy vyly 31 s`jx BrqI ho gey[ ies dl dw jQydwr krqwr isMG J`br ƒ cuixAw igAw[ mIq jQydwr l`Kw isμG, syvk (sk`qr) su`cw isμG qy mIq syvk qyjw isμG cUhVkwnw cuxy gey[

AkwlI dl dI pihlI cox
14 dsμbr dy iek`T ivc ies ‘‘gurduAwrw syvk dl’’ dI kwiemI krn dw &Yslw kIqw igAw sI[ ies sbμD ivc 23 jnvrI 1921 dy idn Akwl q^q swihb ’qy iek`T bulwieAw igAw sI[ ies ivc jQybμdI dw nW mnzUr krnw sI Aqy syvk (Ahudydwr) cuxy jwxy sn[ ieh mIitμg do idn c`lI[

ies mIitμg ivc BweI Arjn isμG DIrky ny suJwA id`qw ik jQybμdI dw nW “gurduAwrw syvk dl” r`iKAw jwvy pr A^Ir ies dw nW ‘AkwlI dl’ hI sB ny mnzUr kIqw[ (AkwlI morcy qy J`br, s&w 95)[ ies dl dy pihly jQydwr srmuK isμG Jbwl cuxy gey[ (mgroN 29 mwrc 1922 dy idn AkwlI dl ny, Awpxy CyvyN mqy muqwibk, jQybμdI dw nW ‘‘SRomxI AkwlI dl’’ r`K ilAw)[ AkwlI dl ny do nukwqI pRogrwm AYlwinAw: 1. swry AkwlI jiQAW ƒ iek`Ty kr ky pμQ dI syvw krnI[ 2. gurduAwirAW dI syvw vwsqy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dy hukm au~qy Aml krnw[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 28 dsMbr 1921)[

25 jnvrI 1921 dy idn qrn qwrn Aqy 20 PrvrI 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb dIAW ShIdIAW mgroN AkwlI dl dw kμm qyzI nwl SurU ho igAw[ hr pwsy jQy kwiem hox l`g pey[ ienHIN idnIN hI iek kwn&rμs 4-5 ApRYl 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivKy hoeI[ ies kwnPrμs ivc is`K pihlI vwrI kwly dsqwry sjw ky pu`jy[ dIvwn ivc AkwlI jQy dy AsUl suxw ky BrqI SurU kIqI geI[ bwbw KVk isμG ny sB qoN pihlW Awpxw nW ilKvwieAw[ 22 PrvrI 1922 dy idn vI. fblXU sim`Q, brqwnvI srkwr dy pμjwb dy kirmInl ienvYstIgySn ifpwrtmYˆt (sI.AweI.fI.) dy AYs.pI. (isAwsI), ny vwiesrwey ƒ ByjI AwpxI Ku&IAw irport ivc AkwlI dl Aqy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI bwry iek lμbI-cOVI q&sIl id`qI sI[ ies ivc kuJ Aihm nukqy hyT ilKy sn :
‘”1920 dIAW grmIAW ivc, v`fIAW ikrpwnW cu`kI, gUVHIAW nIlIAW p`gW vwly AkwlI, pihlI vwrI Avwm ivc Awey[ vyKx ivc BwvyN auh grm dlIey jwpdy sn, pr auh nukswnhIx sn[ hOlI-hOlI aunHW dI igxqI vDx l`gI[ ies dy nwl hI ikrpwnW dw sweIz vI v`Dx l`gw[ gurduAwrw suDwr lihr AwpxI shI Skl ivc 1920 dIAW grmIAW qy p`qJV ivc AweI[ pihlw JgVy vwlw QW lwhOr Sihr ivc cumwlw swihb gurduAwrw qy isAwlkot ivc bwby dI byr sI[ cumwlw swihb dy JgVy ivc bVy pRis`D is`KW ny AYjItySn ivc ih`sw ilAw[ aunHW ny kwlIAW p`gW bμnHIAW hoeIAW hoeIAW sn, ikrpwnW cu`kIAW hoeIAW sn qy Awpxy Awp ƒ ‘AkwlI’ kihμdy sn[ ijvyN-ijvyN gurduAwrw lihr dw mUμh-m`Qw bxdw igAw, cμgy suc`jy Fμg nwl lokl jQybμd XUintW bxdIAW geIAW[ AμimRqsr AkwlIAW dI BrqI vwlw pihlw izlHw sI[ qrn qwrn ivc m`isAw dy mOky ’qy BwdoN (12 sqμbr) ivc iek is`K lIg dy dIvwn ivc Amr isμG Jbwl ny gurduAwrw rkwb gμj dIvwr ƒ muV auswrn vwsqy sμgqW ƒ ShIdI pRwpq krn leI iqAwr hox ƒ ikhw[ koeI 70-80 is`KW ny Awpxy nW pyS kIqy[ Awpxy Brw jsvμq isμG Jbwl, qyjw isμG Bu`cr qy hor kuJ G`t mShUr is`K AwgUAW dI mdd nwl aus ny AkwlIAW dI BrqI dw lgwqwr kμm SurU kIqw qW jo nwnkwxw swihb dy gurduAwirAW ’qy kbzw kIqw jw sky[ qrn qwrn dy mwmly ivc qyjw isG Bu`cr dI igR&qwrI ’qy iek dm jWnSIn nIXq kr id`qw igAw[ hux SRomxI kmytI qoN vI mdd Aw geI, ijs dy h`Q ies lihr dI vwgfor sI[
AkwlI hlikAW ivc ApRYl, meI qy jUn dI ies CotI ihljul qoN ipCoN kuJ dyr mgroN nvW joS pYdw hoieAw[ SRomxI kmytI ny inscy hI nw-imlvrqx dI pwlsI Apxw ky hr hIly Awpxw audyS pUrw krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies ‘hr hIly’ ivc qS`dd Swiml nhIN sI[ ies ny hr pwsy AkwlIAW ivc nvW joS Brn dI lihr clweI Aqy izlHw vwr kotw nIXq kr ky 5000 dw, aunHW (is`KW) dw, ShIdI j`Qw iqAwr krn dw PYslw kIqw, ijhVy gurduAwrw suDwr vwsqy izμdgI dyx leI iqAwr
hox[ ies ApIl ’qy bhuq v`fI igxqI ivc lokW ny nW id`qy pr ies dI TIk Twk igxqI pqw nhIN[ srkwrI irport Anuswr ieh igxqI 5000 qoN G`t sI pr SRomxI kmytI ny dwAvw kIqw ik ieh imlvrqx ApIl dI igxqI qoN ikqy vDyry sI[ nvμbr dI pUrnmwSI dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivKy AkwlIAW dw nzwrw ieh swbq krdw hY ik srkwrI irport Zlq sI[
pitAwlw, kpUrQlw, nwBw vZYrw ivc AkwlIAW dI BrqI ƒ bVI kwmXwbI hwisl hoeI[ AkwlIAW nUM PUlkIAW irAwsqW ivc vI bVI kwmXwbI hwisl hoeI[ ieh Zlq nhIN ik PUlkIAW irAwsqW ivc BrqI 3000 qoN 4000 dy ivckwr sI qy igxqI Swied ies qoN vI vDyry hovy[ hr AkwlI koloN hyT ilKI shuμ cukvweI jWdI sI:
‘‘mYN gurU gRμQ swihb jI dI hzUrI ivc vwiedw krdw hW ik mYN gurduAwrw suDwr vwsqy qn, mn kurbwn kr dyvW[ ies sbμDI mYN Awp jQydwr dy hukm ivc rhWgw[ v`fI qoN v`fI musIbq ivc vI mYN iksy ƒ kubol nhIN krWgw qy nW hI qS`dd krWgw[’’
AOrqW vI v`fI igxqI ivc AkwlnW bx rhIAW sn pr auhnW dw kμm styj ’qy bolx Aqy AkwlI pRcwr qk hI sImq sI[
SRomxI kmytI dI koiSS ik AkwlI dl iek ifispiln vwlI qy jQybμd jmwq bxy, bhuq kwmXwb hoeI hY[ ijs &urqI nwl cwbIAW dy morcy vyly, ‘gurduAwrw qyjw’ ivc, v`K-v`K QwvW dy jQy iek`Ty hoey qy AμimRqsr ivc Awey, auh ies g`l ƒ swbq krdw hY ik AkwlIAW ivc AwpsI rwbqy dw (fwk vZYrw) Fμg ikμnw Asr BirAw qy kwmXwb sI Aqy ieh vI ik swry AkwlI dl ivc, SRomxI kmytI dy pRDwn qoN iek dUr ipμf ivc bYTy AkwlI q`k, ikμnI surqw qy eykqw hY[
cuxy hoey 5000 AkwlIAW dw iek jQw, ijs ivc vDyry swbk &OjI sn, ƒ iksy vI hμgwmI hwlq vyly inbVx vwsqy mih&Uz r`iKAw hoieAw sI[ ieh Pors kYptn rwm isμG dy pRbμD hyT sI[ ies dI koeI nym b`D pryf jW tryinμg dw qW koeI sbUq nhIN pr bwbw guridq isμG kwmwgwtw mwrU dI igR&qwrI vyly ies AkwlI &ors ny, lweInW ivc mwrc vyly, sItIAW Aqy h`Q dy ieSwirAW nwl swry &OjI ieSwirAW dw iezhwr kIqw[
SRomxI kmytI ny hmySw hI zor id`qw hY ik AkwlI lihr Dwrimk qy ZYr-isAwsI hY Aqy AkwlI dl dw ieko-iek inSwnw swry is`K gurduAwirAW dy pRbμD dw suDwr krnw hY pr ieh sp`St hY ik kmytI dw kμtrol aunHW grm dlIAW kol hY ijhVy sYˆtrl is`K lIg au~qy kwbz hn, ijhVI ik sB qoN v`D AgWhvDU jQybμdI hY[ ieh ikhw jw skdw hY ik dohW iv`coN CotI, is`K lIg au~qy, gurduAwrw kmytI dy grm, K`by-p`KI, AkwlIAW dw kbzw hY Aqy mwfryt AkwlI, jo srkwr nwl smJOqy qy imlvrqx nwl ielwj l`Bxw cwhuμdy hn, auh eyny qwkqvr nhIN ik auh grm-dlIAW aupr Awpxw Asr pw skx[
ipCly kuJ swlW qoN is`K kOm ivc AwauNdI jwgo qoN ieh nzr AwauNdw sI ik is`K Dwrimk p`K qoN pRcwr qy joS idKwauxgy[ is`K lIg ny gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dI
Awp AgvweI nhIN kIqI[ ies ivc isr& iehI kwrn hY ik ies dy inSwny inrol isAwsI hn qy ies v`loN clweI koeI vI muihμm srkwr ny S`k dI ingwh nwl vyKxI sI[ qd ies lihr ƒ srkwrI rukwvtW vI AwauxIAW sn qy Swied ieh pihlI styj ’qy hI dbw leI jWdI[ ies vwsqy smJxw AOKw nhIN ik jwx bu`J ky Dwrimk msilAW ƒ inSwnw bxwieAw igAw[ ies dI plwn qy muihμm dw Fμg swPæ qy is`Dw sI ik hr kImq qy gurduAwrw suDwr kIqw jwvy Aqy ies au~dm leI suDwrkW qy ShIdW dI &Oj KVI kIqI jwvy[ ieh s`dw, XkInI qOr ’qy, Dwrimk sI qy iksy vI isAwsI AwzwdI dI lihr dy mukwbly ivc ikqy vDyry purAsr swibq hoieAw[ ies dI kwmXwbI ƒ AsIN gurduAwrw qyjw, nwnkwxw qy AμimRqsr ivc ipCly cwr mhIinAW dI kwrguzwrI qoN mwp skdy hW[ gurduAwirAW dw pUrw kμtrol, ikrpwn dy msly dw h`l, byhd zrUrI g`lW hn[ ijnHW ƒ ibnW iksy dyrI dy SurU kIqw jwx vwlw hY[ ies mOky ’qy is`K lIg ny mOky dw lwB auTw ky BwrqI kOmI lihr ivc Swiml hox dw AYlwn kr id`qw hY[
bwbw gurid`q isμG dw muV Awaux is`KW dy mnW ivc qbdIlI dw ieSwrw hY[ ies qoN ibnW 1907 dy jlwvqn AjIq isμG dI Bwrq vwpsI vI nzr Aw rhI hY Aqy is`K ikswnW ivc Awm crcw hY ik mOjUdw lihr iek v`fy ienklwb dw trylr hY, ijs dw nqIjw is`KW dy rwj dw muV Awauxw hovygw[ ieh i^Awl jW qW is`K AwgUAW ny pYdw kIqw hY jW Awpxy-Awp PYlxw SurU ho igAw, ies dy jnm bwry kuJ nhIN ikhw jw skdw, pr ieh ivcwr Awm hY[
‘Kwlsw AYfvokyt’ ƒ C`f ky swrIAW is`K A^bwrW ny q&sIl nwl ies dy Dwrimk msilAW ƒ byh`d ibRitS-mu^wil& soc nwl ivcwirAw hY[ is`K A^bwrW dy srkwr dI pwlsI ’qy lgwqwr hmly sp`St rUp ivc srkwr nwl smJOqw hox dI Aws dy rwh ivc rukwvt hn, iehI hmly ivgVy sbμDW dw v`fw kwrn hn[
AkwlI lihr, gWDI dI isvl nw&urmwnI nwloN v`fI iPkr vwlI g`l hY[ gWDI dy pRcwr dw Asr mu`K qOr ’qy SihrI jnqw ’qy hY jdoN ik SihrIAW kol (1) srIrk hOslw Aqy (2) puils dy iek Coty ijhy dsqy dw vI kwmXwbI nwl mukwblw krn dI Gwt hY[ dUsry pwsy AkwlI lihr iblkul pyNfU lihr hY Aqy ies dy ih`sydwr auh hn, ijnHW dw qkVw ijsm Aqy iek kOmI qvwrI^ hY[ mOjUdw is`K hwlq AijhI Asp`St hY ik ieh g`l Brosy nwl kihxI nw mumikn hY ik AkwlI lihr dw Aglw moV kI hovygw; pr AkwlI dl dw isAwsI kwrjW vwsqy iesqymwl AwauNdy idnW dI Aws hY[’’ (vI.fblXU. simQ, AYs.pI. sI.AweI.fI. polItIkl, “AkwlI dl AYNf AYs.jI.pI.sI.” sI.AweI.fI. irport, qwrI^ 22.2.1922, gvrnmYNt pRY~s iSmlw, 1922)[

(mYN simQ dI irport iv`coN isr& kuJ ih`isAW dw qrjmw hI id`qw hY[ pUrI irport hor vI q&sIl nwl BrI peI hY)[

vI. fblXU simQ dI irport ivc AkwlI dl dI kwiemI bwry qrnqwrn dI m`isAw dy mOky dw izkr hY pr ies mOky qy AkwlI dl jW AkwlI jQy dI BrqI nhIN hoeI sI[ ies mOky ’qy gurduAwrw suDwr vwsqy jQw kwiem krn dI g`l clI sI[

qrnqwrn swihb : AkwlI lihr dy pihly ShId
aunHIN idnHIN drbwr swihb, Akwl q^q swihb, gurduAwrw bwbw At`l Aqy drbwr swihb qrnqwrn dw srbrwh ieko sI ijs kr ky ienHW swirAW dw ieμqzwm ieko jgh qoN huμdw sI pr ienHW cOhW dy pujwrI v`Kry-v`Kry sn[ 12 AkUqbr 1920 dy idn is`KW ny Akwl q^q swihb dw ieμqzwm Awpxy h`Q iv`c lY ilAw sI[ ies dy nwl hI drbwr swihb AμimRqsr ’qy vI is`KW ny kbzw kr ilAw pr qrn qwrn dw ieμqzwm Ajy vI iek kurpt mhμq dy h`Q ivc sI [

dsμbr 1920 ivc lCmx isμG DwrovwlI (jo mgroN nwnkwxw swihb ’c ShId ho gey) Awpxy skUlW dIAW b`cIAW ƒ lY ky qrn qwrn dy gurduAwry dy drSn krn gey[ pujwrIAW ny aunHW ƒ kIrqn krn dI iejwzq nw id`qI Aqy au~QoN bwhr k`F id`qw[ 11 jnvrI 1921 dy idn mukwmI syvk jQy ƒ vI kIrqn krnoN roikAw igAw[ Aijhw slUk isμG sBw lihr dy ihmwieqIAW Aqy hor is`KW nwl vI kIqw igAw sI Aqy ieh swrw kuJ keI icr qoN vwprdw Aw irhw sI[ ies swrI hwlq dI ^br kimSnr imstr ikμg ƒ vI sI[ pr ikμg ny mhμqW ƒ Sih id`qI hoeI sI Aqy, mhμqW muqwibk, aus ny iek ic`TI vI jwrI kIqI sI, ijs ivc aunHW dy ‘‘h`kW’’ dI hmwieq kIqI hoeI sI[ ies dOrwn 3 jnvrI 1921 dy idn qrn qwrn dy BweI mohn isμG vYd ny ikμg ƒ ic`TI ilK ky mμg kIqI sI ik auh qrn qwrn ’c PYlI hoeI ies A&vwh dI qrdId kry ik aus ny mhμqW ƒ AijhI koeI ic`TI ivc jwrI kIqI hY[ BweI mohn isμG ny imstr ikμg ƒ ilKI ic`TI ’qy qO^lw zwihr kIqw sI ik iksy vyly vI koeI hwdsw vwpr skygw pr ikμg ny ies ic`TI dw koeI jvwb nw id`qw[ ijs cIz dw qO^lw BweI mohn isμG vYd ny zwihr kIqw sI, auh A^Ir vwpr ky hI hitAw[

23-24 jnvrI 1921 dy idn AkwlI dl dI kwiemI ƒ Aw^rI Skl dyx Aqy AhudydwrW dI pihlI cox krn vwsqy Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hoey iek`T dy mOky ’qy qrn qwrn qoN AweI iek bIbI ny qrn qwrn dy gurduAwry dy mhμqW dIAW krqUqW dw izkr kIqw[ aus ny d`isAw ik iek idn jdoN auh AwpxI jvwn DI nwl gurduAwry ’c geI qW mhμqW ny aus nwl CyVKwnI kIqI[ iek ihμdU kuVI, jo au~Qy iek`lI geI sI, ƒ mhμq dy cwtiVAW ny PV ky cuμmx dI hrkq vI kIqI[ ieh sux ky sμgq roh ivc Aw geI[ kuJ is`K gu`sy ivc Aw ky ausy vyly qrn qwrn jwx leI iqAwr ho gey[ ies ’qy jQydwr qyjw isμG Bu`cr ny aunHW ƒ SWq kIqw[ (sohn isMG joS, AkwlI moricAW dw ieiqhws, s&w 54, igAwnI pRqwp isMG, AkwlI lihr, s&w 107)[
Agly idn 25 jnvrI dI svyr dI pihlI g`fI ’qy Bu`cr 40 is`KW ƒ lY ky qrn qwrn cly gey[ auh svyry 8 vjy gurduAwry ivc dwi^l ho gey[ aus vyly gurduAwry ivc kIrqn cl irhw sI[ auh do Gμty kIrqn suxdy rhy[ eyny ivc mhμq ny 70 dy krIb bμdy iek`Ty kr ley, ijnHW ivcoN bhuqy jvwn g`BrU sn[ mwhOl vyK ky Bu`cr ny mhμqW ƒ AwiKAw ik AsIN quhwfy qoN kbzw lYx nhIN Awey blik sμgqW dIAW iSkwieqW d`sx Awey hW[ pr mhμqW dy toly ’coN kuJ nOjvwn qYS ivc Aw ky BVkwaU hrkqW krn l`g pey qy AkwlIAW ƒ gwlHW vI k`Fx l`g pey[ vfyrI aumr dy pujwrIAW ny aunHW ƒ cu`p krw ky AwiKAw ik AsIN g`lbwq vwsqy iqAwr hW qy Swm 4 vjy iml ky g`lbwq krWgy[ pujwrIAW ny inhwl isμG, gurb^S isμG, gurid`q isμG, syvw isμG, suμdr isμG qy qyjw isμG ƒ Awpxy v`loN g`lbwq vwsqy nwmzd kIqw[ AkwlIAW v`loN qyjw isμG Bu`cr, blvμq isμG kulHw, dwn isμG vCoAw, krqwr isμG J`br qy hkIm bhwdr isμG nwmzd hoey[ ienHW qoN ielwvw mukwmI lokW ivc mohn isμG vYd, sμq isμG lμbrdwr, igAwn isμG, Drm isμG ausmw ƒ vI g`lbwq vwsqy bulw ilAw igAw[ Swm cwr vjy buμgw FotIAW ivKy g`lbwq SurU ho geI[ g`lbwq ivc iek pμj-nukwqI smJOqw kIqw igAw: (1) gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dy nymW muqwibk hovygw[ (2) gurduAwry dy ieμqzwm vwsqy iek lokl kmytI bxweI jwvygI, jo SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI nwl sbμDq hovygI[ (3) gurduAwry iv`coN A-is`K rvwieqW dw ^wqmw kIqw jwvy Aqy kurIqIAW dUr kIqIAW jwx[ (4) gurduAwry dy gRμQI qy syvwdwr AμimRqDwrI hox[ (5) ijhVw pujwrI is`K rihq dy nym qoVy, aus ƒ sμgqW fμn lwaux[ (igAwnI pRqwp isMG, AkwlI lihr, s&w 107)[

Swm swFy pμj vjy qk ieh smJOqw qYA ho igAw[ pujwrIAW ny AwiKAw ik auh Awpxy swQIAW nwl g`lbwq krnw cwhuμdy sn[ ieh kih ky auh bwhr Aw gey[ auDr pujwrIAW dy bμdy gurid`q isμG dy mkwn Aqy Jμfw buμgw ivc is`KW ’qy hmlw krn dIAW iqAwrIAW kr rhy sn[ aunHW hiQAwr Aqy bwrUd iek`Tw kIqw hoieAw sI[ rwq swFy A`T vjy do pujwrI au~Qy Awey Aqy aunHW ny is`K AwgUAW ƒ smJOqy dw kwZz ilAwaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ is`K AwgUAW ƒ aunHW dI nIAq ’qy S`k hoieAw pr mhμqW ny h`s ky AwiKAw ik ies ivc koeI swijS nhIN[ is`K AwgUAW ny mohn isμG vYd ƒ smJOqy ƒ cμgy kwZz qy ^uS-^q kr ky ilKx vwsqy Byj id`qw[ vYd ny gurduAwry dy bwhr KVy qihsIldwr, srkl ieμspYktr Aqy dUjy srkwrI AihlkwrW ƒ ies dI ieqlwh vI dy id`qI[ ies mgroN bhwdr isμG hkIm ny bwhr KVHIAW is`K sμgqW ƒ hwlwq d`sxy SurU kr id`qy[ eyny ivc hI iek dsqI bμb aunHW kol Aw if`gw[ ies ip`CoN cwr pμj hor bμb au~Qy su`ty gey[ ies nwl keI bμdy z^mI ho gey[ ieh goly gurid`q isG pujwrI dy mkwn dy nwl-nwl dUjy buμigAW qoN vI su`ty gey sn[

Aμdr blvμq isμG ku`lHw gurU gRμQ swihb A`gy m`Qw tyk rhy sn[ m`Qw tykidAW hI aunHW dy moFy ’qy qlvwr dw iek vwr hoieAw qy aunHW dw moFw burI qrHW cIirAw igAw[ aunHW dy nwl hI hzwrw isμG (AlwdInpur) m`Qw tyk irhw sI[ mhμq dy bμidAW ny aus dy iF`f ivc qlvwr mwrI[ auh z^mI ho ky if`g ipAw[ ies mgroN hukm isμG (vjwaU kot) dy isr ’qy CvHIAW dy cwr-pμj vwr hoey[ auh vI z^mI ho ky if`g ipAw[ ienHW iqμnW qoN ielwvw gurbKS isμG, lwB isμG, eISr isμG vI z^mI hoey[ ieh swrw kuJ, kuJ plW ivc hI, vwpr igAw Aqy ies mgroN mhμq dy bμdy b`qIAW buJw ky dOV gey[ z^mI is`KW ny gurduAwrw hwl coN bwhr Aw ky hwlwq d`sy qW swry isμG Aμdr ƒ B`j pey[ Aμdr swry pwsy ^Un hI ^Un sI[ sμgqW ny z^mIAW ƒ sμBwilAw[ 10 vjy puils phuμc geI Aqy vwikAw vyiKAw[ pulIs ny SrwbI pujwrI vI vyKy[ AglI svyr pujwrIAW ny nklI, pr mwmUlI z^mW vwly, 13 bμdy hspqwl ilAWdy qW jo is`KW ’qy brwbr dw muk`dmw bxwieAw jw sky[ ies swizS ivc pulIs vI BweIvwl sI[ mgroN pulIs v`loN dohW iDrW ’qy mukdmw bxwieAw igAw[ (ies kys ivc 9 jnvrI 1922 dy idn Adwlq ny 15 pujwrIAW ƒ iqμn-iqμn swl kYd Aqy 50-50 rupY jurmwnw kIqw[ AkwlIAW ivcoN 7 ƒ iek-iek swl kYd qy 50-50 rupY jurmwnw kIqw igAw[ mgroN sYSn j`j ny mhμqW dI kYd 9-9 mhIny qy AkwlIAW dI kYd 6-6 mhIny kr id`qI) ies kys ivc AkwlIAW ny bysmJI kr ky srkwr nwl imlvrqx krn qoN ienkwr kr id`qw vrnw mhμqW ’qy, do kqlW kwrn, dPw 302 hyT kql dw kys bxdw sI[ AkwlI nw-imlvrqx kr ky mhμqW ƒ isr& d&w 148, 149 qy 304 hyT szw hoeI sI[

26 jnvrI 1921 dy idn AYs.pI. AμimRqsr Aw igAw[ aus ny dohW iDrW nwl g`lbwq kIqI[ izlHw mijstryt ny mOky dI nzwkq smJidAW mhμqW ƒ gurduAwry ivc dw^l hox qoN rok id`qw[ kuJ idnW mgroN mhμqW ny ilKqI muAw&I vI mμg leI[ mhμqW dy hmly ivc z^mI hox vwly (bwbw bGyl isμG kroVisMGIAw dy ^wndwn ’coN) hzwrw isμG AlwdInpur (qrnqwrn qoN swFy iqMn iklomItr dUr), z^mW dI qwb nw Jldy hoey, 27 jnvrI dy idn cVHweI kr gey[ 28 jnvrI ƒ hzwrw isμG dy sskwr dy jlUs ivc hzwrW is`K Swiml hoey[ aus zmwny dw ieh sB qoN v`fw jlUs sI[ iek hor z^mI hukm isμG bswaUkot (qihsIl S`krgVH, hux pwiksqwn; hux ieh ipMf rwvI dirAw dI mwr hyT Aw ky ^qm ho cukw hY) 4 PrvrI dy idn cVHweI kr gey[ ieh do is`K gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dy pihly ShId sn[ (nwXk AMimRqsr, 8 mwrc 1921, s&w 3)[

qrn qwrn dy swky ivc BwvyN do ShIdIAW hoieAW Aqy drjn is`K z^mI vI hoey pr ies nwl ies dy nwl hI gurduAwry dw kbzw vI pμQ kol Aw igAw[ is`KW ny ieμqzwm sμBwlidAW hI iek kmytI bxw id`qI[ ies kmytI dy jQydwr blvμq isμG ku`lw bxwey gey[ (25 jnvrI rwq ƒ mhμqW dy hmly ivc blvμq isμG dI bWh vI burI qrHW v`FI geI sI)[ Drm isμG ausmw mIq jQydwr bxy[ ies qoN ielwvw 13 mYNbrI kmytI vI bxI ijs ivc hyT ilKy isμG Swiml sn : (1) mohx isμG vYd (2) hY~fmwstr mihqwb isμG (3) ibSn isμG nμbrdwr (4) suμdr isμG kwrKwnydwr (5) sμq isμG sk`qr isμG sBw qrn qwrn (6) Amr isμG Jbwl (7) qyjw isμG Bu`cr (8) ikSn isμG Bu`cr (9) hzwrw isμG jwmwrwey (10) hrnwm isμG nOSihrw (11) qyjw isμG pμforI (12) ikhr isμG p`tI (13) qyjw isμG burjvwlw[ mhμqW ny is`KW dy kbzy dy i^lw& kys dwier kIqw pr j`j ny 9 julweI 1921 dy idn ieh kys Kwrj kr ky SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI[

kyr swihb, mwCI ky, SyKUpurw qy KfUr swihb
26 jnvrI 1921 dy idn qrn qwrn dy gurduAwry ’qy kbzy mgroN kuJ hor gurduAwry vI is`KW ny Awzwd krvwey[ sB qoN pihlW gurduAwrw Krw sOdw dy drSn krn AweI sμgq ny, gurduAwrw kyr swihb ƒ, 8 PrvrI 1921 dy idn Awzwd krvwieAw[ 10 PrvrI dy idn BweI gVHIAw dI Xwd ivc mwCI ky ivc bxy gurduAwry ƒ vI Awzwd krvw ilAw igAw[ 11 PrvrI dy idn KfUr swihb gurduAwrw dy mhμq ny Krw sOdw bwr dy AkwlI jQy nwl ilKqI smJOqw kIqw ik auh SRomxI kmytI dy nymW muqwibk clygw (pr nwnkwxw swihb dy swky mgroN auh Pyr ivtr igAw[ A^Ir is`KW ny 18 &rvrI 1921 dy idn gurduAwrw KfUr swihb ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ qihsIldwr ny mhμqW dI mdd krnI cwhI pr bwvw prdumn isμG mulqwn ny ivc pY ky mhμqW dw SRomxI kmytI nwl smJOqw krvw id`qw[ ieμ\ ieh gurduAwrw vI SRomxI kmytI dy ieμqzwm hyT Aw igAw)[

nwnkwxw swihb dy hwlwq
hor qvwrI^I gurduAwirAW vWg gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn nwnkwxw swihb dI hwlq vI bVI mwVI sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dy jnm AsQwn dw ieμqzwm audwsI swDUAW dy h`Q sI[ au~nIvIN sdI dy SurU qk ieh ieμqzwm TIk cldw irhw sI pr mhμq swDU rwm dy vyly qoN ies ivc bhuq ^rwbIAW AwauxIAW SurU ho geIAW[ mhμq ny Srwb pIxI qy ivBcwr krnw SurU kr id`qw[ aus ƒ ‘gupq rog’ dI bImwrI ho geI[ aus qoN bwAd mhμq ikSn dws AwieAw[ aus dy iek ivDvw AOrq nwl njwiez sbμD sn qy aus qoN iek lVkw vI sI[ aus ny Awpxy BqIjy dy ivAwh ’qy gurduAwry dI hdUd ivc kμjrIAW vI ncweIAW sn[ muμfw ivAwhux geI brwq, sxy mhμq dy, kuVI vwilAW dy ipμf ivc SrwbI ho ky, ipμf dIAW AOrqW nwl m^Ol krn kr ky, ju`qIAW Kw ky AweI sI[ ijs gupq rog nwl swDU rwm mirAw sI, auhI rog ikSn dws ƒ vI ho igAw[ ikSn dws lwhOr ivc rihx l`g ipAw[ iek idn aus dw cylw nrYx dws (nrYxU) lwhOr igAw Aqy mOq dy ibsqr ’qy pey ikSn dws dI jybH ’coN gurduAwry dIAW cwbIAW k`F ilAwieAw[ aus ny Awpxy Awp ƒ mhμq AYlwn kr id`qw Aqy gurduAwry dy pYsy dy zor nwl pulIs qy guμifAW ƒ Awpxy nwl gμF ilAw[ kuJ icr mgroN mhμq ikSn dws mr igAw[ aus dy sskwr ’qy nrYx dws ny ilKqI qOr ’qy AYlwn kIqw ik mYˆ ikSn dws vrgIAW hrkqW nhIN krWgw qy sμgq dI mrzI lwl clWgw[

nrYx dws kuJ icr qW TIk cldw irhw sI pr CyqI hI aus ny vI ikSn dws vwly cwly PV ley[ aus ny iek muslmwn imrwsn Gr r`K leI[ ies qoN do muμfy qy do kuVIAW jμmIAW[ aus ny ienHW vwsqy do Gr (iek nwnkwxy qy dUjw rwm glI lwhOr) ivc bxw ky id`qy[ Agsq 1917 ivc nrYx dws ny vI kμjrIAW mμgvw ky gurduAwry dI hdUd ivc aunHW dw nwc-gwxw krvwieAw[ swry pwsy isμG sBwvW ny ies dI inμdw kIqI[ 1918 ivc iek isμDI pirvwr nwnkwxw swihb AwieAw[ Swm ƒ ijs vyly rihrws swihb dw pwT ho irhw sI qW iek pujwrI ny aus dI 13 swl dI DI dw ryp kIqw pr mhμq ny ies ’qy koeI AYkSn nw ilAw[ iesy swl dy A^Ir ’c jVHWvwlw dIAW Cy AOrqW gurduAwry dy drSnW vwsqy AweIAW[ mhμq qy pujwrIAW ny ienHW CyAW nwl jbr-znwh kIqw[ AijhIAW hrkqW hor vI keI vwr hoeIAW sn pr lok byiezqI qoN frdy d`sdy nhIN sn[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 1 AkqUbr 1920)[

ies mwhOl ivc 1, 2, 3 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ ipμf DwrovwlI ivc iek v`fw iek`T hoieAw sI[ ies dIvwn ivc fw: ikclU, AwZw s&dr qy hor gYr-is`K AwgU vI Swiml hoey[ dIvwn ivc mw: moqw isμG, mw: suμdr isμG lwielpurI, dwn isμG vCoAw, jsvμq isμG Jbwl qy hornW ny lYkcr kIqy Aqy nwnkwxw swihb dI hwlq bwry i&kr zwihr kIqw[ dIvwn ny nwnkwxw swihb dy gurduAwry dy suDwr bwry mqw pws kIqw[ iesy dIvwn ivc lCmx isμG DwrovwlI ny nwnkwxw swihb dy suDwr vwsqy ShIdI jQw bxwaux dw AYlwn kIqw sI[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 7 AkqUbr 1920)[

ies dIvwn dI kwrvweI dI ^br mhμq nrYx dws ƒ vI pu`jI[ aus ny Awpxy Awp ƒ suDwrn dI bjwie, nvμbr 1920 ivc, 400 guμfy iek`Ty kr ley qy aunHW ƒ qn^wh ’qy r`K ilAw[ ienHW guμifAW ivc rWJw qy irhwnw vrgy KUμKwr bdmwS qy kwiql vI sn[ nrYx dws ny krqwr isμG bydI (BqIjw Kym isMG bydI) dI mdd nwl mhμqW, swDUAW, bydIAW dw iek iek`T 12 nvμbr 1920 dy idn AKwVw sμgl vwlw (nyVy drbwr swihb AMimRqsr) ivc kIqw[ mhμq goibμd dws (jmSyr) dI sdwrq hyT 53 mhμq ies iek`T ivc Swiml hoey[ ies ivc &Yslw kIqw igAw ik AkwlIAW dw twkrw zor-Sor nwl kIqw jwvy[ mhμq nrYx dws ny bydI krqwr isμG nwl rl ky 60 hzwr rupY iek`Ty kIqy Aqy lwhOr qoN h&qwvwrI ‘sμq syvk’ A^bwr SurU kIqw[ ieh A^bwr mu&q vμifAw jWdw sI[ (h&qwvwrI sMq syvk lwhOr, 20 dsMbr 1920)[ies dy nwl hI mhμqW ny AwpxI v`KrI ‘gurduAwrw kmytI’ vI bxw leI[ ieh kmytI isr& idKwvy vwsqy hI sI qy ies dw koeI rol nhIN sI[ ies kmytI dw pRDwn mhμq nrYx dws Aqy sk`qr bsμq dws mwxk bixAw[

mhμq ny nvμbr 1920 ivc AkwlIAW v`loN gurduAwry ’qy kbzw kIqy jwx dy ^dSy ƒ swhvyN r`KidAW ijhVy 400 bμdy iek`Ty kr ley sn aunHW ƒ 25-26 nvμbr 1920 dy idn gurU nwnk swihb dy jnm idn dy mOky ’qy gurduAwry dy Aμdr Aqy Awly-duAwly qweInwq kIqw hoieAw sI[ pr aus idn AkwlIAW dw gurduAwry ’qy kbzw krn dw koeI pRogrwm nhIN sI[ ies dy bwvjUd mhμq ny aus idn iksy vI is`K ƒ ikrpwn lY ky gurduAwry dy Aμdr nw jwx id`qw[ ies idn BweI lCmx isμG DwrovwlI kuJ isμGW ƒ nwl lY ky gurduAwry Awey[ Ajy auh Aμdr vVy hI sn ik mhμq dy guμifAW ny CvHIAW qy tkUey h`QW ivc PVI aunHW ƒ Gyr ilAw[ aus vyly ifptI kimSnr Aqy suprfYNt sI.AweI.fI. au~Qy hwizr sn[ ies kr ky iek vwr qW swkw hoxoN ruk igAw vrnw 20 PrvrI 1921 dw swkw 26 nvμbr 1920 dy idn hI vwpr jwxw sI[ gurpurb qoN mgroN mhμq ny bhuqy bμdy vwips Byj id`qy pr rWJw, swKU qy kwnHw vrgy ^UμKwr bμdy Awpxy kol r`K ley[ ies mgroN mhμq ny nwnkwxw swihb ivc iklHwbμdI krnI SurU kr id`qI[ aus ny gurduAwry ƒ hr pwisEN jμgI hmly vwlI ih&wzq dy ihswb nwl mzbUq kr ilAw qy Aμdr Asly dw ^zwnw vI iek`Tw kr ilAw[ ies swry dI ^br kimSnr ikμg, hornW pulIs qy sI.AweI.fI. A&srW, ifptI kimSnr Aqy gvrnr ƒ vI sI pr aunHW ny cu`p v`tI hoeI sI[ (sohn isMG joS, AkwlI moricAW dw ieiqhws, s&y 93-95)[ mhμq dI ies swrI kwrvweI qy plwinμg bwry is`K AwgU vI jwxdy sn Aqy aunHW ny ies bwry dIvwnW ivc Aqy pRYs ivc vI vwrinμg id`qI hoeI sI[

krqwr isMG J`br ny jnvrI 1921 dy A`D ivc iek ic`TI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy sk`qr nUM ilKI ijs ivc ieh ikhw ik SRomxI kmytI nUM nwnkwxw swihb dI hwlq dw i&kr krnw cwhIdw hY qy mhMq dIAW kwrvweIAW dy i^lw& koeI kwrvweI krnI cwhIdI hY vrnw ikqy Aijhw nw hovy ik sMgqW Awp hI nwnkwxw swihb v`l cwly pw dyx[ sk`qr ny 21 jnvrI nUM ieh ic`TI SRomxI kmytI dI 21 jnvrI nUM hox vwlI mIitMg dy AjMfy ivc r`K id`qI[
21 jnvrI 1921 dy idn Akwl q^q swihb ’qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dI hoeI mIitμg ivc, J`br dI ic`TI dy ADwr ‘qy nwnkwxw swihb dI hwlq ’qy ivcwrW hoeIAW sn[ mIitμg ivc &Yslw kIqw igAw sI ik nwnkwxw swihb dy hwlwq sbMDI iek KulHw ic`Tw Cwp ky sMgqW ivc ByijAw jwvy, Aqy 4-5-6 mwrc 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivc iek dIvwn kIqw jwey Aqy mhμq ƒ Awpxw suDwr krn vwsqy AwiKAw jwvy[ SRomxI kmytI ny ies sbμD ivc iek ic`TI vI jwrI kIqI sI ijs ivc srkrdw is`KW ƒ ApIl kIqI geI sI auh mhμq ƒ smJwaux ik auh gurduAwrw pμQ dy hvwly kr dyvy[ ieh ic`TI pμjwb srkwr, is`K rwijAW, srkwrI A&srW Aqy srkrdw S^sIAqW ƒ ByjI geI sI[ 6 PrvrI ƒ SRomxI kmytI ny lCmx isμG DwrovwlI, dlIp isμG sWglw, qyjw isμG smuμdrI, krqwr isμG J`br qy b^SIS isμG dI iek kmytI bxw id`qI qW jo auh 4-5-6 mwrc dy dIvwn ivc Swiml hox vwlIAW l`KW sμgqW vwsqy lμgr dw ieμqzwm kry[

AkwlI kwn&rμs dy AYlwn qoN mhμq fr igAw[ aus ny j: J`br nwl g`lbwq krn vwsqy ivcoly pwey[ mhμq ny AwpxI qr&oN pySkS kIqI ik auh nwnkwxw swihb vwsqy iek kmytI mμnx vwsqy iqAwr hY, bSrqy ik (1) aus ƒ k`iFAw nw jwvy (2) auh vI kmytI dw mYNbr hovy Aqy (3) aus ƒ qn^wh dI bjwie Awmdn dw iek ih`sw id`qw jwieAw kry[ j: J`br ny mhμq dI pihlI qy qIjI Srq mμn leI pr dUjI Srq bwry aus ƒ ikhw igAw ik ies dw PYslw SRomxI kmytI hI kr skdI hY[ jdoN ies dI irport SRomxI kmytI ƒ id`qI geI qW kmytI ny mhμq nwl g`lbwq krn vwsqy iek sb-kmytI bxw id`qI[ ies kmytI ivc krqwr isμG J`br, BweI joD isμG, qyjw isμG smuμdrI, bUtw isG vkIl qy ikhr isμG p`tI Swiml sn[ ies kmytI ny mhμq ƒ g`lbwq krn vwsqy 7-8-9 &rvrI 1921 dy idn gurduAwrw Krw sOdw bulw ilAw[

mhμq ny is`KW dw iDAwn g`lbwq ivc lw ky jμgI iqAwrIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ aus ny 28 pTwx p`ky qOr ’qy qn^wh ’qy r`K ley[ BweI PyrU Aqy mwJy dy hor ielwikAW qoN mhμq dw BqIjw KUμKwr kwql BwVy ’qy lY AwieAw[ hux aus ny nwnkwxw swihb dw bwhrlw l`kV dw drvwzw htw ky iek lohy dw gyt lw ilAw[ gyt ivcoN golIAW clwaux vwsqy Cyk r`K ley[ gurduAwry dy Awly duAwly dy kmirAW dIAW dIvwrW ivc vI golIAW clwaux vwsqy Cyk Aqy JroKy bxw ley[ ies dy nwl hI mhμq ny bwkI mhμqW, bydIAW qy kUikAW nwl vI rwbqw bxw ilAw[ 7 PrvrI 1921 dy idn mhμq ny Awpxy bμidAW Aqy ihmwieqIAW dw iek iek`T gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn dI hdUd ivc bulwieAw[ ies ivc aus dy ilAWdy swry guμfy qy kwqlW qoN ielwvw nwnkwxw swihb dy B`tI muslmwn, bydI krqwr isμG, kUkw mμgl isμG (kUkw/nwmDwrI) Aqy hor keI bμdy Swiml sn[ ienHW swrIAW ny ksmW KwDIAW ik AkwlIAW nwl lVweI dI sUrq ivc auh swry mhμq dw swQ dyxgy[

7 PrvrI ƒ mhμq ny iek pwsy AwpxI ieh ^u&IAw mIitμg bulweI hoeI sI qy dUjy pwsy aus ny AkwlIAW nwl hoeI mIitμg ivc Awp jwx dI bjwie Awpxy bμidAW suμdr dws qy hrI dws ƒ Krw sOdw Byj id`qw qy AkwlIAW ƒ AwiKAw ik auh aunHW ƒ 15 &rvrI ƒ SyKUpurw ivc imlygw[ J`br jdoN 14 PrvrI ƒ SyKUpurw pu`jy qW aunHW ƒ pqw l`gw ik mhμq nhIN Aw irhw[ mhμq dy swQI jIvn dws ny J`br ƒ d`isAw ik mhμq aunHW ƒ Aqy bUtw isμG ƒ lwhOr imlygw[ ieh mIitμg 15 PrvrI svyry 10 vjy Amr isμG lwiel gzt dy Gr im`QI geI sI[ mhμq ies mIitμg ’qy vI nw AwieAw[ drAsl mhμq AkwlIAW ƒ trkw ky aunHW dw iDAwn AwpxI plwinμg v`loN htw irhw sI[ 14 PrvrI ƒ mhμq ny iek hor mIitμg kIqI sI, ijs ivc 5 mwrc dy AkwlI iek`T ivc swry is`K AwgUAW ƒ kql krn dw pRogrwm bxwieAw[ j: J`br muqwibk aus dw iek sUhIAw mhμq kol irhw krdw sI[ aus ny mhμq dI swizS dI ^br J`br ƒ Aw d`sI[ j: J`br ausy vyly Krw sOdw igAw Aqy Awpxy swQIAW nwl ivcwr kIqI[ aunHW ny lCmx isμG DwrovwlI qy bUtw isμG ƒ s`d ByijAw[ ieh swry jxy 17 &rvrI ƒ imly qy PYslw hoieAw ik mhμq dI nwpwk swizS nMU PylH krn vwsqy 19-20 qwrI^ dI rwq ƒ nwnkwxw swihb phuμc ky 20 &rvrI ƒ gurduAwry ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jwvy[ aunHW ƒ pqw sI ik mhμq is`K-mu^wl&W vloN 19-20 PrvrI ƒ lwhOr ivc hox vwlI ‘snwqnI is`K kwn&rμs’ ivc ih`sw lYx jw irhw hY[ ies mIitμg ivc swry bydI, soFI, B`ly, audwsI, inrmly, nwmDwrI, inhμg, A`fx SwhIey, suQrw SwhIey, gihr gμBIrIey, inrμkwrI, crndwsIey, snwqnI, mhμq, pujwrI qy swD bulwey gey sn[ ies mIitμg dI pRDwngI krqwr isμG bydI ny krnI sI[ ies ivc AkwlIAW dw twkrw krn vwsqy sWJI AYkSn plwn iqAwr kIqI jwxI sI[

17 PrvrI dI mIitμg ivc J`br, lCmx isμG qy bUtw isμG SyKUpurw ny plwn bxweI ik bUtw isμG 19 PrvrI ƒ nwnkwxw swihb puj jwvy[ ausy rwq lCmx isμG dw jQw cμdrkot phuμc jwvygw[ (cμdrkot nwnkwxw swihb qoN kuJ ku iklomItr hY)[ dUjy pwisEN J`br dw jQw Aw jwvygw qy dovyN jQy 20 PrvrI dI svyr ƒ nwnkwxw swihb gurduAwry dw kbzw lY lYxgy[ mIitμg mgroN BweI bUtw isμG lwielpur gey, kuJ swQIAW nwl slwh kIqI Aqy Pyr nwnkwxy Aw gey[ auDr kuJ AkwlIAW nUM vI ies dI ^br iml geI[ hrcμd isμG, qyjw isμG qy mwstr qwrw isμG ny Awps ivc mSvrw kr ky PYslw kIqw ik nwnkwxw swihb qy ieμ\ kbzw nw kIqw jwey[

aunHW ny hor AwgUAW nwl g`lbwq krn vwsqy 19 PrvrI ƒ lwhOr ivc mIitμg bulw leI[ ies mIitμg ivc srdUl isμG kvISr, suμdr isμG lwielpurI, jsvμq isμG Jbwl qy dlIp isμG sWglw vI hwizr sn[ ies mIitμg ny &Yslw kIqw ik SRomxI kmytI v`loN r`Ky dIvwn qoN pihlW koeI jQw nwnkwxw swihb ’qy kbzw nw kry[ mIitμg ny BweI dlIp isμG qy jsvμq isμG dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh J`br ƒ rokx vwsqy Krw sOdw jwx[ jdoN BweI dlIp isμG Krw sOdw pu`jy qW J`br jw cu`kw sI[ ie`QoN auh cμdrkot gey qy J`br ƒ rok ilAw[ mgroN aunHW ny dlIp isμG qy virAwm isμG dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh J`br dI ic`TI iljw ky lCmx isμG ƒ dy ky jQy ƒ kbzw krn jwx qoN rok lYx[ dlIp isμG nwnkwxw swihb pu`j ky au~qm isμG kwrKwnydwr dy Gr cly gey qy virAwm isμG dI ifaUtI lw gey ik auh nwnkwxw swihb dy bwhr Pwtk ’qy lCmx isμG ƒ rokx[ auDr mwstr qwrw isμG ny vI lCmx isμG dy jQy ƒ rokx jwxw sI[ ieq&wk nwl mwstr jI rwq dI g`fI nhIN sn cVH sky[ mwstr jI muqibk aunHW ny J`br nwl rwbqw bxw ilAw sI qy lCmx isMG nUM rokxw rihMdw sI[

auDr lCmx isμG Awpxy nwl 150 isμG lY ky nwnkwxw swihb Sihr dy bwhr B`Ty kol pu`j gey[ ie`Qy Awp ƒ BweI virAwm isμG ny dlIp isμG dw sunyhw id`qw ijs ivc Awp ƒ nwnkwxw swihb kbzw krn qoN roikAw hoieAw sI[ lCmx isμG ny ic`TI pVHI Aqy vwips muVn dw &Yslw kr ilAw pr ies jQy dy iek isμG tihl isμG ny ikhw ik BwvyN AsIN gurduAwirAW ’qy kbzw nw krIey pr swƒ gurduAwry dy drSn zrUr krny cwhIdy hn[ aus ny ikhw ik A`j gurU hrrwie swihb dw jnm idn hY qy ies mubwrk mOky ’qy gurduAwry m`Qw zrUr tykxw cwhIdw hY[ mhμq v`D qoN v`D swƒ kql hI kr dyvygw[ tihl isμG dy ieh kihx ’qy jQy ny gurduAwry ’qy kbzy dw ierwdw qW C`f id`qw pr gurduAwry dy drSn krn vwsqy cl pey[ auh svyry 6 vjy gurduAwry phuμc gey[ ( auDr 19 PrvrI 1921 ƒ bwAd dupihr mhμq nwnkwxw swihb stySn ’qy pOxy cwr vjy lwhOr jwx vwlI g`fI PVn vwsqy phuμc cu`kw sI[ ies mOky ’qy iek muslmwn AOrq aus kol AweI qy aus ƒ d`isAw ik is`KW dw iek jQw bu`cyAwxw phuμc cu`ikAw hY[ mhμq ny lwhOr jwx dw pRogrwm kYNsl kr id`qw Aqy vwips Aw ky swry guμifAW ƒ tkUey qy hor hiQAwr vμf id`qy[ aus ny im`tI dw qyl qy bhuq swrI l`kV vI iek`TI kr leI[ aus kol cwr bμdUkW vI sn[ mhμq kol golIAW qy bwrUd dw vI bVw stwk iek`Tw hoieAw ipAw sI[ aus ny keI idn pihlW gurduAwrw qy ies dy Awly-duAwly dy mkwnW dIAW C`qW ’qy p`QrW qy ie`tW dy Fyr lw ky r`Ky hoey sn[ mhμq ƒ ieh hrkqW kridAW au~qm isμG kwrKwnydwr ny vyK ilAw sI qy aus ny ies sbμDI ifptI kimSnr ƒ iliKAw vI sI pr aus dI ic`TI aunHW nUM swkw vwprn qoN mgroN pu`jI sI[

nwnkwxw swihb dw kqlyAwm
lCmx isμG DwrovwlI dw jQw svyry 6 vjy gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn ivc phuμicAw sI[ aunHW Aμdr phuμc ky, m`Qw tyk ky, kIrqn krnw SurU kr id`qw[ kuJ icr kIrqn jwrI irhw[ eyny icr ivc mhμq ny guμifAW ƒ Aslw dy ky puzISnW sμBwl id`qIAW[ mhμq ny gurduAwry dy bwhrly drvwzy bμd kr id`qy[ QoVHy icr ivc hI mhμq ny aunHW ƒ kqlyAwm dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw[ hukm imlidAW hI rWJw, irhwnw Aqy do hor kwiqlW ny is`KW ƒ golIAW nwl Buμnxw SurU kr id`qw[ kuJ plW ivc hI 25-26 isμG ShId ho gey[ ies dOrwn mhμq dy bwkI guμfy Aqy aus dy iek`Ty kIqy swDU is`KW au~qy p`QrW qy ie`tW dw mINh vrHwauNdy rhy[ ienHW guμifAW dIAW clweIAW golIAW ivcoN kuJ gurU gRμQ swihb ƒ vI l`gIAW[ ies vyly 60 dy krIb is`K cOKμfI vwly ih`sy ivc sn[ aunHW ny AμdroN kuμfy mwr ley[ hux mhμq dy guμfy drSnI ifauVI dI C`q ’qy Aw gey Aqy hyTW nzr Awaux vwly hr iek is`K ƒ golIAW dw inSwnw bxwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ jdoN aunHW dyiKAw ik swry is`K burI qrHW z^mI jW kql ho cu`ky hn qW auh C`q qoN auqr ky hyTW Aw gey[ hux aunHW bwhrly gyt KolH id`qy[ pμj Cy is`K drSnI ifauVI dy vrWfy ivc nzr Awey[ aunHW ’qy golIAW clweIAW geIAW[ jo mrnoN bc gey sn aunHW ƒ CvHIAW Aqy toikAW nwl v`F id`qw igAw[ iek hor kmry ivc 25 ku is`K sn[ auh vI kql kr id`qy gey[ eyny ivc kuJ hor is`K bwhr Aw phuμcy[ mhμq dy bμdy koiTAW ’qy cVH gey qy aunHW golIAW clwauxIAw SurU kr id`qIAW[ ies mOky ’qy kuJ z^mI is`K bwhr B`jx ivc kwmXwb ho gey[ do is`KW ƒ pOVIAW cVHidAW z^mI kr ky koTy qoN su`t ky mwr id`qw igAw[ mhμq nrYx dws mUμh qy cwdr lpytI GoVy ’qy ciVHAw hukm jwrI kr irhw sI Aqy hdwieqW dy irhw sI[ auh AwK irhw sI ik ie`k vI is`K ijaUNdw nw rihx id`qw jwvy[ eyny ivc kuJ hor is`K bwhroN Awey[ mhμq ny aunHW ƒ vI kql krn dw hukm id`qw[ mhμq ny Awp golI clw ky iek is`K mwr id`qw[ aus dy bμidAW ny 5 hor is`K mwry[ ies mgroN rWJy qy kuJ swDUAW ny bwhroN Awey nvyN is`KW ivcoN bc ky B`jy bμidAW dw ip`Cw kIqw qy rylvy lweIn kol iqμn bμdy kql kr id`qy, iek jW do is`K KyqW ivc vI kql kIqy gey[ ies mgroN cOKμfI dw drvwzw qoV ky mhμq ny Aμdrly swry is`K kql kr id`qy, isr& iek 12 swl dw b`cw gurU gRμQ swihb dy pIVHy hyTW luikAw hox kr ky bc igAw[

golIAW clx dI Awvwz sux ky dlIp isμG swhovwl, jo pOxw iklomItr dUr, au~qm isμG kwrKwnydwr dy Gr bYTy sn, jnm AsQwn v`l B`jy[ auh Aqy BweI virAwm isμG gurduAwry pu`jy qW aus vyly mhμq bwhroN Awey nvyN is`KW ƒ kql krn dw hukm dy irhw sI[ BweI dlIp isμG ny mhμq ƒ kqlyAwm krnoN roikAw pr BweI dlIp isμG dI g`l suxn dI bjwie mhμq ny ipsqOl k`F ky BweI dlIp isμG ƒ vI kql kr id`qw[ aus dy iek bμdy ny BweI virAwm isμG ƒ vI kql kr id`qw[

jdoN swry is`K kql kr id`qy gey qW mhμq ny swrIAW lwSW iek`TIAW krn dw hukm id`qw[ mhμq ny cwr lwSW ƒ C`f ky bwkI swrIAW PUk dyx vwsqy AwiKAw[

l`kVW iek`TIAW kr ky cOKμfI dy au~qr-p`CmI pwsy Fyr lw id`qw igAw[ A`g ivc su`tx qoN pihlW mhμq v`loN BwVy ’qy ilAWdy pTwxW ny lwSW dI qlwSI leI qy jo kuJ l`iBAw, AwpxIAW jybHW ivc pw ilAw[ ies mgroN lwSW bldI icKw ivc su`t id`qIAW geIAw[ ienHW iv`coN kuJ Ajy ijaUNdy vI sn[ aunHW iv`coN ijs ny vI au~Tx dI koiSS kIqI aus ƒ CvHIAW qy lwTIAW mwr ky Pyr A`g iv`c su`t id`qw igAw[ jo is`K gurduAwry dy bwhr kql kIqy gey sn aunHW ƒ mwr ky nyVy iek GuimAwr dI B`TI ivc su`t ky swV id`qw igAw[

is`KW dIAW lwSW jlwaux vwsqy hukm jwrI krn mgroN mhμq ny Awp Srwb pIxI SurU kr id`qI qy guμifAW ƒ vI vI Srwb phuμcweI[ guμfy SrwbW pINdy rhy Aqy lwSW iek`TIAW kr A`g dy Fyr ’qy su`tdy rhy[

dUjy pwsy golIAW dI Awvwz qy kqlyAwm dI ^br sux ky Sihr vwsIAW ny srkwr qy pulIs ƒ ieqlwh dyx dI kwrvweI SurU kIqI[ svyry svw A`T vjy AYn.AYs.sμDU, jo izlHw ieμjInIAr sI, ny iek bμdy ƒ GoVy ’qy ifptI kimSnr v`l ByijAw[ fI.sI. aus vkq nwnkwxw swihb qoN 19 iklomItr dUr ipμf mWgtvwlw ivc bYTw sI[ au~qm isμG kwr^wnydwr ny 9 vj ky 12 imμt ’qy gvrnr, kimSnr, ifptI kimSnr (fI.sI.), AYs.pI. Aqy keI mShUr is`K AwgUAW ƒ swky bwry qwrW Byj ky ^br id`qI[ mukwmI ptvwrI qy rylvy dy stySn mwstr ny vI v`K-v`K pwsy qwrW Byj ky ieqlwh id`qI[ ienHW ieqlwhW dy bwvjUd fI.sI. cwr Gμty mgroN swFy bwrHW vjy nwnkwxw swihb phuμicAw[ au~Qy Aw ky auh fyF-do sO dy krIb is`KW dy kwql mhμq nrYx dws ƒ nwl lY ky gurduAwry dy Aμdr igAw[ ies vyly lwSW jl rhIAW sn pr fI.sI. ny aunHW ƒ swVn qoN vI nw roikAw[ pMj Cy GMty mgroN qkrIbn 2 vjy dupihry iek sb ieμspYktr ny A`g buJweI[

nwnkwxw swihb ivc ShId hox vwilAW dy nW
nwnkwxw swihb ivc ShId hox vwly is`KW dI shI igxqI bwry kuJ nhIN ikhw jw skdw pr pVqwl krn vwly crn isMG ieMspYktr ny ShIdW dI igxqI 156 d`sI sI[ ienHW ivcoN vI isr& 86 nWvW dI qsdIk ho skI sI:
DwrovwlI ipMf, Sy^Upurw: lCmx isMG, eISr isMG, mMgl isMG ikrpwn bhwdr, Awqmw isMG, suMdr isMG, eISr isMG dUjw[
kotlw sMq isMG: crn isMG[
burj c`k nMbr 55, lwielpur: nrwiex isMG, idAwl isMG, ikSn isMG[
bMfwlw c`k nMbr 64, lwielpur: hzwrw isMG, virAwm isMG, cyq isMG, aujwgr isMG[
bMfwlw c`k nMbr 17, lwielpur: sMmw isMG, bwrw isMG, ie`Cr isMG, Drm isMG[
nzwmpur dyvw isMG, Sy^Upurw: tihl isMG, surYx isMG, b`gw isMG, hrnwm isMG, dl isMG, kysr isMG, Bgvwn isMG, jvwlw isMG, ^uShwl isMG, jvMd isMG, pMjwb isMG, nrYx isMG, rwm isMG, suMdr isMG, qwrw isMG[
nzwmpur mUlw isMG, Sy^Upurw: syvw isMG, bUV isMG, surYx isMG[
nzwmpur cyly vwly, Sy^Upurw: gu`jr isMG, cMdw isMG, gMgw isMG, virAwm isMG[
bhV c`k nMbr 18, Sy^Upurw: eISr isMG, gupwl isMG, moqw isMG[
c`k nMbr 10 QoQIAW, Sy^Upurw: nMd isMG, hrI isMG, ArUV isMG, qyjw isMG[
&qihgVH sukrc`kIAW, AMimRqsr: sMqw isMG[
bhV c`k nMbr 18 Sy^Upurw: eISr isMG, gupwl isMG, moqw isMG[
c`k nMbr 10 QoQIAW, Sy^Upurw: nMd isMG, hrI isMG, ArUV isMG, qyjw isMG[
krqwrpur, jlMDr: bylw isMG[
v`lw, AMimRqsr: mUlw isMG[
f`lw nMgl 83, Sy^Upurw: lCmx isMG[
Swhkot, Sy^Upurw: sMqw isMG, hrnwm isMG, gurb^S isMG, ieMdr isMG, gulwb isMG[
jrg ipMf, pitAwlw: kyhr isMG, drbwrw isMG[
BsIx, lwhOr: gMfw isMG[
f`lw cMd isMG, Sy^Upurw: bicMq isMG[
vwnoitAW vwlI c`k nMbr 3, Sy^Upurw: kysr isMG, sohx isMG, virAwm isMG, h`rw isMG[
DnUAwxw c`k nMbr 91, lwielpur: suMdr isMG, sohx isMG, hukm isMG, virAwm isMG, dIvwn isMG, ieMdr isMG, dsONDw isMG, hrI isMG, Fyrw isMG[
mwxk GuMmx, jlMDr, Twkur isMG[
Prwlw c`k nMbr 258, lwielpur: bicMq isMG, knHeIAw isMG[
ishwV, huiSAwrpur: bMqw isMG[
krqwrpur, isAwlkot: bu`D isMG[
swhovwl c`k nMbr 1, lwielpur: dlIp isMG[
it`bI jY isMG, imMtgumrI: virAwm isMG[
lhuky c`k nMbr 75, lwielpur: nwrwiex isMG, krm isMG, mihMgw isMG[
lwielpur Sihr: jIvn isMG praupkwrI[
ifMgw, gujrwq: crn isMG[
Swhbwzpur, AMimRqsr: jgq isMG[

20 &rvrI svyry krqwr isμG J`br jQy smyq cμdrkot qoN vwips Krw sOdw jw cu`kw sI[ swky vwly idn 11 vjy auh gurduAwry Krw sOdw ivc bYTw hoieAw sI qW aunHW nUM au~qm isMG nwnkwxw swihb vwilAW dI qwr imlI[ aunHW ny ausy vyly hwzr isμGW ivcoN 40 isμG ipμfW v`l tor id`qy qy bwkI 50 isμG lY ky cμdrkot v`l cl pey[ Swm qk au~Qy iek hzwr qoN v`D is`K phuμc cu`ky sn[ cμdrkot dy pul kol aunHW ƒ mhμq dw cylw dyvw dws iqμn bμidAW smyq motr ’c B`jw jWdw id`isAw[ aunHW ny aus ƒ au~Qy rok ky kwbU kr ilAw[ A`gy jw ky aunHW ny mhμq dw iek hor bμdw sμqw isμh vI n`sx dI koiSS krdw PV ilAw[ iKmvwlw ipμf ivc iek muslmwn kwiql ƒ 72 kwrqUsW sxy kwbU kIqw igAw[ ie`Qy J`br ƒ fI.sI. dI ilKqI ic`TI imlI ijs ivc aunHW ƒ nwnkwxy v`l nw jwx dw hukm jwrI kIqw hoieAw sI pr is`KW ƒ ies hukm dI pRvwh kIqy ibnW clxw jwrI r`iKAw[ nwnkwxw swihb dy bwhr aunHW ƒ s:b: mihqwb isμG GoVy ’qy Aw ky imly qy disAw ik &Oj ny gurduAwry ƒ Gyry ivc ilAw hoieAw hY qy au~Qy nhIN jwxw cwhIdw[ J`br ny ikhw ik AsIN gurduAwry zrUr jwvWgy[ aunHW ikhw ik qusIN kimSnr nwl g`l kr lE, AsIN Enw icr ru`k jWdy hW[ ies ’qy s:b: mihqwb isμG vwips cly gey qy kimSnr ƒ smJwieAw ik is`KW dw hVH Aw jwx mgroN hwlwq kμtrol hyT nhIN Aw skxgy, ies kr ky gurduAwry dw kμtrol SRomxI kmytI ƒ dyxw TIk rhygw[ kuJ hI icr ivc J`br dw jQw nwnkwxw phuμc igAw[ &Oj ny aunHW ƒ frw Dmkw ky rokx dI koiSS kIqI pr eynIAW ShIdIAW mgroN mOq dw fr iksy is`K ƒ rok nhIN skdw sI[ &Oj vI hrigz golI clwaux jW iksy hor AYkSn lYx dw ^qrw mu`l lYx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI

kqlyAwm qoN mgroN dy hwlwq
is`KW dy roh qoN fridAW srkwr ny nwnkwxw swihb dy 35 iklomItr dy eyrIey qk b`sW qy g`fIAW dI AwvwjweI rok id`qI qy nwkwbμdI SurU kr id`qI qW jo koeI vI bμdw nwnkwxw swihb nw phuμc sky[ auDroN kimSnr qy fI.AweI.jI. spYSl g`fI lY ky rwq svw nON vjy nwnkwxw swihb phuμcy[ aunHW nwl 100 Aμgryz qy 100 BwrqI &OjI vI sn[ aus ny Aw ky mhμq, aus dy do swQI qy 26 pTwx igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr Byj id`qy[ ies vyly qk swry pwsy is`KW ƒ ieqlwh phuμc cu`kI sI[ hzwrW is`KW ny nwnkwxw swihb v`l cwly pw id`qy sn[

srkwr ny swky bwry byh`d JUT boilAw[ srkwr ny pihlW 20 is`KW dy mrn dI ^br id`qI[ iPr srkwr ny 67 qy A^Ir 130 is`KW dw kql mμn ilAw[ ieμspYktr crn isμG ny 156 is`KW dy kql hox dI irport jwrI kIqI sI[ iek irport muqwibk 168 is`K ShId hoey[ ihμdU pRYs dw vqIrw bVw GtIAw sI[ aunHW ny ies kqlyAwm ƒ is`KW dw ‘‘AwpsI Pswd’’ qy AwpxI ‘‘JgVw’’, dw nW id`qw[ hor qW hor gWDI dw pihlw ibAwn vI ieho ijhw hI sI[
is`K AwgUAW ivcoN 6 AwgU 20 qwrI^ rwq ƒ hI kimSnr dy nwl hI nwnkwxw swihb phuμcy sn[ 9 hor is`K AwgU motr rwhIN 21 qwrI^ dI svyr ƒ nwnkwxw swihb phuμcy[ ienHW ivc hrbμs isμG AtwrI, suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAw, mwstr qwrw isμG, qyjw isμG smuμdrI, kyhr isμG p`tI qy pRo: joD isμG Swiml sn[

21 &rvrI nUM svyry 8 vjy gurduAwry dw drvwzw KoilHAw igAw[ Aμdr golIAW dy kwrqUs, p`Qr, ^Un, lwSW dy tukVy qy A`D sVIAW lwSW dI boA Aw rhI sI[ pulIs ny pOxy iqμn sO qoN v`D kwrqUsW dy Kol brwmd kIqy[ C`qW auqy roiVAW dy p`QrW dy 24 v`fy Fyr Ajy vI pey hoey sn[

21 &rvrI dupihr qk bhuq swry is`K KyqW rwhIN nwnkwxw swihb ’c phuμc cu`ky sn[ Swm qk hzwrW isμG nwnkwxw swihb ’c iek`Ty ho cu`ky sn[ is`K gurduAwry ’c dw^l hoxw cwhuμdy sn pr &Oj ny rwh f`ikAw hoieAw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw sI ik sI ik is`KW ƒ bhuqI dyr roikAw nhIN jw skdw sI[ A^Ir mOky dI nzwkq ƒ mihsUs kridAW srkwr ny iek s`q-mYNbrI is`K kmytI ƒ gurduAwry dIAW cwbIAW sONp id`qIAW[ ienHW ƒ hor mYNbr koAwpt krn dI iejwzq dy id`qI geI[ ies mgroN is`K gurduAwry ivc dw^l hoey qy AkwlI AwgUAW dI Arz mμnidAW ShIdW dy drSn krn Aqy m`Qw tykx mgroN CyqI-CyqI bwhr inkldy gey[ Agly idn hzwrW is`KW ny nwnkwxy swihb jwxw SurU kr id`qw[

mhμq dy kqlyAwm ny eynI dihSq PYlw id`qI sI ik ngr vwsI Gr C`f ky dOV gey sn[ aunHW ip`CoN keI fμgr Bu`K qy ipAws nwl mr gey[ is`KW ny mry fμgrW ƒ C`pV kμFy iek`Tw kIqw Aqy Gr C`f ky B`j gey SihrIAW dy GrW dI rwKI dw ieμqzwm kIqw[ is`KW ny swry pwsy Fμforw iptvwieAw qy lokW ƒ Awpxy GrW nUM vwips muVn vwsqy pYZwm Byjy[

22 &rvrI ƒ gvrnr mYklygn, vzIrW qy AYZzYkitv kONsl dy mYNbrW ƒ lY ky nwnkwxy pu`jw[ aus ny swkw vyK ky is`KW nwl hmdrdI dw iezhwr kIqw Aqy vwAdw kIqw ik mujirmW ƒ b^iSAw nhIN jwvygw[ 23 &rvrI dI Swm ƒ ShIdW dw sskwr kIqw igAw[ sskwr vyly hzwrW is`K sμgqW hwizr sn[ swry ShId is`KW dw sskwr ieko jgh iek`Tw hI kIqw igAw[
nwnkwxw swihb ’c pwpI mhμqW ny byh`d gunwh kIqy sn[ lok kih rhy sn ik ShIdW ny Awpxy ^Un nwl nwnkwxw swihb ’c kIqy pwp DoA id`qy hn[ nwnkwxw swihb ’c ienHW ShIdW ny AwpxIAW kurbwnIAW nwl drjnW is`K AwgUAW dIAW jwnW bcweIAW[ jy kr ieh jQw 20 &rvrI dI svyr ƒ ShId nw huμdw Aqy 4 mwrc ƒ AkwlI au~Qy pu`jdy qW XkInn aus idn vI mhμq ny iehI kwrvweI krnI sI Aqy qkrIbn swry is`K AwgU ShId ho jwx dw ^dSw sI[ jy kr ieμ\ ho jWdw qW AkwlI lihr dI Skl kI hoxI sI, ies bwry ikhw nhIN jw skdw[

ihMdUAW v`loN mhMq dI Ais`DI ihmwieq
nwnkwxw swihb dy swky mgroN muslmwn AwgUAW ny is`KW nwl BrpUr hmdrdI kIqI qy hr qrHW dI mdd krn dI koiSS kIqI[ dUjy pwsy kuJ ihμdU AwgUAW ny vI is`KW nwl hmdrdI dw iezhwr kIqw pr bhuq swry ihμdU AwgU qy ihμdU pRYs ny is`KW dy i^lw& zihr vI augilAw Aqy nwl hI JUTIAW ^brW vI CwpIAW[ ihμdU A^bwrW ‘pRqwp’ qy ‘kysrI’ ny qW ieh vI iliKAw ik nwnkwxw swihb ivc iSvilμg bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy ies dw ieμqzwm ihμdUAW dy hvwly kIqw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ lwlw lwjpq rwey ny AwpxI A^bwr ‘bμdy mwqrm’ ivc vI is`KW dy i^lw& pRcwr kIqw[ (ieh crcw Awm sI ik lwlw lwjpq rwey ny mhμq nrYx dws qoN 3000 rupY lY ky is`KW dy i^lw& bhuq prcwr kIqw sI[) 23 mwrc 1921 ƒ snwqn Drm pRqIinDI sBw pμjwb (lwhOr) ny vI nwnkwxw swihb gurduAwrw kmytI ƒ gurduAwry ivc ihμdU qsvIrW Aqy buqW bwry ^q ilK ky Aijhw kuJ hI AwiKAw[

ies qoN ielwvw hor ihμdU jmwqW ny vI is`KW dy i^lw& hrkqW kIqIAW ijnHW qoN pqw l`gdw sI ik bhuq swry ihμdU AμdroN-AμdrI is`KW dy i^lw& sn Aqy kurpt mhμqW nwl hmdrdI r`Kdy sn[ 16 nvμbr 1921 dy ‘‘bμdy mwqrm’’ ivc lwlw lwjpq rwey ny iliKAw, ‘‘ijs S^s ny Awpxy ipqw ky srmwieAw ko swDUEN ko iKlw dIAW Ab aus ky nwm ky mμdr (gurduAwrw nhIN) myN jwiedwd v AwmdnwEN ky A^iqAwr kw JgVw ho rhw hY[’’ gWDI ny vI Aijhw ibAwn id`qw, ijs iv`coN sw& lgdw sI ik gWDI ieh nhIN sI mμndw ik mhμq ny is`KW dw byvjh kqlyAwm kIqw sI[ gWDI muqwibk is`K ibnW mukwblw nhIN mwry gey hoxyy:

“Aijhy toly dy 50 jW 100 bMdy gurduAwry dw kbzw lYx jWdy hn, auh qS`dd shwrdy hn pr Awp (qS`dd) nhIN krdy[ iPr vI jy pMjwh jW sO bMidAW dI BIV iek QW jWdI hY qW gurduAwry dw rKvwlw ies qoN firAw qW mihsUs krdw hovygw[” aus ny ieh vI ikhw ik gurduAwirAW ’qy kbzy krn vwsqy jQy iljwx dI QW ’qy swlsI borf nwl h`l kro jW svrwj qk ies mslw mulqvI kr idE[ (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 19, s&w 401)[ gWDI ny qW vwips jw ky Awpxy prcy nvjIvn dy 13 mwrc 1921 dy prcy ivc ieh vI iliKAw “mYN Aj qk aunHW (is`KW) nUM ihMdUAW dw i&rkw smJdw irhw sI[ pr aunHW dy AwgU smJdy hn ik auh iek Alg Drm hn[”

Drm pRqIinDI sBw pμjwb (lwhOr) ny vI nwnkwxw swihb gurduAwrw kmytI ƒ gurduAwry ivc ihμdU qsvIrW Aqy buqW bwry ^q ilK ky Aijhw kuJ hI AwiKAw[

gWDI v`loN is`KW nUM nwimlvrqx v`l tornw
gWDI ny nwnkwxw swihb dy mwmly ivc vI is`KW ƒ glq pwsy v`l toirAw[ aus ny nwnkwxw swihb swky sbμDI pVqwl krn vwlI kmytI ivc Swiml hox vwsqy Srq r`KI ik AkwlI dl srkwr nwl nwimlvrqx kry[ ies ’qy AkwlIAW ny 6 mwrc 1921 dy idn srkwr nwl ShIdW dy muk`dmy bwry nw-imlvrqx krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ies dI mu^wl&q krqwr isMG J`br, hrbμs isμG AtwrI qy pRo: joD isμG ny kIqI[ nwimlvrqx dw mqw pws hox mgroN ieh AwgU AsqI&w dy gey[ [ dUjy l&zW ivc is`K AwgUAW ivc pihlI &u`t gWDI dI hI dyx sI[

AkwlIAW v`loN nwimlvrqx krn dw mqw 8 mwrc 1921 dI Swm nUM gWDI nUM luiDAwxw ivc iml igAw qy AglI svyr nUM aus dy sk`qr ny ies dw jvwb vI dy id`qw[ auN\ gWDI jW kWgrs ny nwnkwxw swihb dy swky bwry zrw vI rol Adw nhIN kIqw[

bhuq swry is`K AwgUAW ny nwimlvrqx dy mqy dI mu^wl&q kIqI[ ‘nwXk’ A^bwr ny 15 mwrc nUM ies dy nqIijAW bwry ^brdwr vI kIqw sI[ pr SRomxI kmytI ‘qy kwbz DVy ny aunHW dI prvwh nw kIqI (ijs dw ^imAwzw bwAd ivc Bugqxw ipAw)[

8 mwrc 1921 dy ivc gvrnr pμjwb ny is`K AwgUAW dI iek mIitμg lwhOr ivc s`dI Aqy nwimlvrqx dw mqw vwips lYx vwsqy AwiKAw[ pr jdoN AkwlI AwgUAW ny nWh kr idqI qW srkwr ny iek AYlwn jwrI kr idqw ik ‘‘koeI j`Qw iksy gurduAwry ’qy kbzw nw kry[ koeI vI S^s 8 ieμc qoN v`fI ikrpwn jW tkUAw nhIN rK skdw[’’ hwlW ik j: J`br nw-imlvrqx dy mqy dy i^lw& sI pr auh vI ienHW pwbμdIAW ƒ mMnx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI[ J`br, Bu`cr, qwrw isμG TyTr, l`Kw isμG Aqy hor KwVkU isμGW ny srkwr dy ies AYlwn dI prvwh nw kIqI[

nwnkwxw ivc is`KW dIAW igR&qwrIAW qy BwrI szwvW
11 mwrc ƒ pulIs dI iek v`fI DwV ny nwnkwxw swihb dy gurduAwirAW ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ au~Qy J`br qy aus dy swQIAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw (Aqy aus ’qy corI-fwky dy JUTy kys pw ky aus ƒ 7 swl, iek hor kys ivc 8 swl, kul 18 swl, vwsqy kYd kr id`qw igAw)[ 12 mwrc ƒ mUl isμG ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw (qy aus ƒ 3 swl dI kYd dI szw id`qI geI)[ ieμ\ hI l`Kw isμG ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ky aus ’qy JUTy kys pw ky kYd dI szw id`qI geI[ hor kysW ivc qwrw isμG TyTr qy qyjw isμG Bu`cr ƒ vI kYd kIqw igAw qy qrqIbvwr 11 swl qy 9 swl kYd dI szw id`qI geI)[ (AkwlI morcy qy J`br, s&w 138)[

15 mwrc dy idn lwhOr dw kimSnr iek v`fI &Oj nwl nwnkwxw swihb pu`j igAw Aqy bhuq swry AkwlI igR&qwr kr ley[ aunHW ’qy v`K-v`K qrHW dy kys pw ky kYd kr id`qw igAw[ igR&qwr kIqy hor is`K ieh sn: au~qm isMG nwnkwxw, rlw isMG jMfwlI, hIrw isMG JrV, inrml isMG rUpwloN, rwm isMG su`cl, inDwn isMG TIkrIvwlw, nrYx isMG, ikhr isMG, kwhn isMG TIkrIvwlw, sMqoK isMG lSkrI, cMcl isMG audoky, lwl isMG GukvwlI, moqw isMG pMforI, pUrn isMG pMforI, ikSn isMG jgdyE, A`Crw isMG butr, virAwm isMG mwkovwl, krqwr isMG mwn, aUDm isMG m`qy nMgl, surYx isMG pRymgVH (nwXk AMimRqsr 22 mwrc 1921)[

(mgroN sqμbr ivc srkwr ny mwhOl suKwvW hox Aqy pihlw gurduAwrw ibl dy iqAwr hox dy bhwny ’qy krqwr isμG J`br, qyjw isμG Bu`cr Aqy bhuq swry hor is`K AwgU qy vrkr irhw kr id`qy)[

srkwr nwl nwimlvrqx krn dw mqw pws krvwaux vwsqy is`KW ƒ aukswaux ivc gWDI sB qoN vD A`gy sI[ pr ies Zlq kdm dw ^wimAwzw is`KW ƒ bVw Bugqxw ipAw[ ies idn qoN 1947 qk AμgryzW ny is`KW nwl hmySw izAwdqI kIqI[ dUjy pwsy muslmwnW ny AμgryzI srkwr nwl imlvrqx krI riKAw Aqy hr mOky qy mdd hwisl kIqI[

gWDI ny Akwl q^q qoN hukmnwmw jwrI krvwieAw
gWDI dw Asr kuJ AkwlIAW ’qy AYnw ho igAw sI ik SRomxI kmytI ny 10-11 meI 1921 dI mIitMg ivc pws kIqw ik 9 jUn qoN gurU gRMQ swihb dy rumwly isr& sudySI (K`dr) dy hI hoieAw krn Aqy kVwh pRSwd ivc KMf dI QW ’qy sudySI KMf (S`kr) vrqI jwieAw kry[ ies sbMDI Akwl q^q swihb dy nW ’qy hukmnwmw vI jwrI kIqw igAw[ iPr ies ‘hukmnwmy’ dy ieSiqhwr Cwp ky vI vMfy gey[
(SRomxI kmytI kwiem krn bwry AkqUbr 1920 dy hukmnwmy vWg, ieh hukmnwmw SRomxI kmytI ny Awpxy nW ’qy nhIN blik Akwl q^q dy nW ’qy jwrI kIqw sI (Xwin Ajy vI AKOqI ‘jQydwr’ dw koeI AKOqI ‘hukmnwmw’ SurU nhIN hoieAw sI, ijhVw ik 1986 qoN mgroN dI kwF hY)[

kwlIAW dsqwrW:
nwnkwxw swihb dy swky mgroN (mwrc qoN hI) is`KW ny ros vjoN kwly dsqwry Aqy kwly du`pty pihxny SurU kr id`qy[ nwnkwxw swihb ivc kwly rμg dy kVwhy Bry pey sn Aqy swry hI au~Qy dsqwrW qy dup`ty kwly rμg ivc rμgw ky jWdy sn[ is`KW ny ieh &Yslw iek swl vwsqy kIqw sI pr keIAW ny kwlw dsqwrw p`kw hI Apxw ilAw[

mhμq dy mukdmy dw &Yslw
mhμq nrYx dws dw mukdmw 5 ApRYl 1921 ƒ SurU hoieAw[ mhMq ny Awpxy eyjMtW rwhIN gvwhW nUM coKIAW rkmW dI pySkS kIqI pr iPr vI auh bhuqy gvwh nw mukrvw sikAw[ mhMq dw iek swQI jogI hrI nwQ iekbwlIAw ho igAw qy 3 Agsq 1921 nUM aus ny iekbwlIAw ibAwn dy ky swrI q&sIl ds id`qI[

aus ny d`isAw ik kqlyAwm ivc mhMq dy 30-40 bMdy Swiml sn[ irhwn qy rWJw bdmwS kMD ’qy cVH ky golIAW clwauNdy rhy[ lwl dws, gomI, gurmuK dws, ipAwrw dws qy 6-7 pTwx vI hiQAwrW nwl Aw gey[ Bwg isMG, AmlI qy jgn nwQ ipsqOlW PV ky cVH Awey[ ivswKw isMG vI bMdUk lY ky Aw igAw[ mhMq BUsly rMg dI GoVI ’qy svwr sI[ mhMq dy kihx ’qy is`KW dw kql SurU ho igAw[ eyny ivc kuJ hor is`K vI gurduAwry AwauNdy id`sy[ mhMq ny hukm id`qw ik ienHW nUM vI mwr idE[ jd bwhr vwly swry is`K mwr id`qy gey qW cOKMfI ivc ivc luky hoey is`KW nUM drvwzy dIAW morIAW ivcoN golIAW clw ky mwr id`qw igAw[ iek bwrW swl dy b`cy nUM C`f ky swry is`K mwr id`qy gey[ iPr ienHW dIAW lwSW Aqy z^mIAW nUM DUh ky swVn vwsqy ilAWdw igAw[ z^mIAW nUM pTwx qy Awqmw rwm ny Jt v`F su`itAw[ bldI A`g ivcoN cwr is`K auT ky inkly[ aunHW nUM CHvIAW mwr ky mwr id`qw igAw[

mhMq ny ikhw ik isr& 3 is`KW qy iek sMq rwm dI lwS C`f ky bwkI swrIAW PUk idE[ 150 lwSW nUM swVn vwsqy l`kVW QohVIAW sn[ ikrpw rwm, mhMq dw gurBweI qy bwGI rwm bwhr jw ky hor l`kVW lY Awey[ ies mgroN mhMq qy bwkI jxy bYT ky Srwb pIx lg pey[
aus ny ieh vI d`isAw ik “mhMq dy bMidAW ny keI gvwhW nUM irSvq id`qI hY[ swirAW nUM iek-iek hzwr rupY imly hn[ nwnkwxy dy mukwmI guAwhW nUM 500, 400, 300 rupY imly hn[ iesy kr ky Amr isMG ptvwrI, qIrQ isMG qy gurW id`qw mukr gey hn[ mYN ieh ibAwn pihlW vI dyx l`gw sI pr mhMq ny myry qrly kIqy qy aus dy vkIl ny vI roikAw[ mYN vI soicAw ik jy mYN ibAwn id`qw qW mhMq dy bMdy mYnUM ijaUNidAW nhIN C`fxgy[” (AkwlI lwhOr, 11-12 Agsq 1921)[

sYSn Adwlq v`loN 12 AkqUbr 1921 ƒ mhμq Aqy aus dy 7 swQIAW ƒ &WsI dI szw suxweI geI, 8 nUM aumr kYd, 16 nUM 7 swl dI kYd id`qI geI Aqy 16 nUM brI kIqw igAw[ bwAd ivc hweI kort ny 3 mwrc 1922 ƒ mhMq dI &WsI dI szw ƒ aumr kYd ivc bdl id`qw, bwkIAW ivcoN isr& 3 nUM &WsI Aqy 2 nUM aumr kYd id`qI qy bwkI swirAW nUM brI kr id`qw[

AMgryz j`j ny irSvq lY ky mhMq dI szw GtweI
hweI kort dy ‘iensw&-psμd’ Aμgryz j`j ny iliKAw ik ‘‘mhμq ƒ h`k phuμcdw sI ik auh AwpxI ih&wzq vwsqy kdm auTwvy[ auh inrwsqw Aqy mzlUmIAq dy fUμGy Aihsws dw iSkwr ho igAw sI Aqy ieh hYrwnI vwlI g`l nhIN ik aus dw idmwgI qvwzn jWdw irhw Aqy aus ny ieho ijhw kwrw kIqw[’’ ikhw jWdw hY ik ies j`j ny mhμq qoN coKI v`fI irSvq leI sI[ mhMq ny bhuqI kYd id`lI dI jylH ivc AMgryz kYdIAW dI bYrk ivc aunHW dy nwl k`tI, ij`Qy aus nUM AMgryzW vwlIAW swrIAW shUlqW hwisl sn[

bwAd ivc 1930 qoN mgroN mhμq nrYxU irhw ho igAw Aqy jlMDr izlHy ivc Awdmpur dy nyVy iksy ipMf ivc irhw Aqy is`KW dy swhmxy dndnWdw iPrdw irhw pr ies ƒ ies dy zulmW dI szw dyx vwsqy iksy Bgq isμG jW aUDm isμG dw m`Qw nw TxikAw)[

BweI jogw isμG dw gurduAwrw
ipSwvr ivc BweI jogw isoμG dI Xwd ivc iek bVw v`fw gurduAwrw hY[ 1920 ivc ies gurduAwry dw ^zwncI iek ihμdU rwey bhwdr krm cμd sI[ dsμbr 1920 ivc krm cμd ny gurduAwry ivc is`KW dw d^l rokx dI koiSS kIqI[ auh cwhuμdw sI ik gurduAwrw BweI jogw isμG ’qy isr& ihμdUAW dw kbzw hI rhy[ aus ny ieh dwAvw vI kIqw ik BweI jogw isμG is`K nhIN ihμdU sI qy ikhw ik ipSwvr dw gurduAwrw ihμdU is`KW dy smwgm krn vwsqy iek sWJI QW hY nw ik iek Dwrimk Adwrw[ rwey bhwdr krm cμd Aμgryz A&srW dw twaUt sI ies kr ky auh gory fI.sI. dy nyVy sI qy auh (fI.sI.) aus krm cMd dI g`l vDyry mμndw sI[ 20 dsμbr 1920 dy idn is`KW dw iek iek`T rwm isμG dy Gr hoieAw qy aunHW ny ihμdUAW nwl smJOqw krn dI koiSS kIqI pr ihμdUAW ny izd PV leI ik auh ies gurduAwry ivc is`KW dw d^l brdwSq nhIN krngy[ ienHIN idnIN qyjw isμG Bu`cr ny ipSwvr ivc fyry lw ley[ kuJ idn mgroN fI.sI. ny is`KW qy ihμdU AwgUAW dw zbwnI smJOqw krvw id`qw pr ihμdU Pyr vI Zlq hrkqW krdy rhy[ &rvrI 1921 dy pihly A`D ivc ig: Syr isμG qy lwlw lwjpq ny vI smJOqw krvwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr aunHIN idnIN aunHW dohW dI Sihr ’c AYNtrI bμd kIqI hoeI sI[ 20 &rvrI ƒ gWDI ny slwh id`qI ik dovyN iDrW 5-5 bμdy pw ky kmytI bxw lYx pr g`l 17 mwrc qk isry nw cVH skI[ A^Ir 17 mwrc ƒ ifptI kimSnr ny dohW iDrW dw smJOqw krvw id`qw[ &Yslw hoieAw ik srkwr v`loN gurduAwrw msly bwry PYsly jW kwƒn bxn qk dovyN iDrW iml ky rihxgIAW[ mweI r`jI qy kkrwn dy gurduAwirAW dw ieμqzwm ihμdU krngy Aqy BweI jogw isμG dy gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm is`KW dy h`Q AwieAw[

ies dw ieμqzwm dsvyN pwiqSwh vyly BweI bulwkw isμG kol sI[ aus dw pu`qr vsqI rwm is`K nhIN bixAw sI[ mgroN BweI kUmw isμG vyly Pyr AμimRqDwrI isμGW ny ies dI syvw-sμBwl leI[
&rvrI 1921 ivc ieQoN dy mhμq ikrpw isμG ny Acwnk gurduAwrw C`f id`qw[ kuJ idn ie`QoN dI syvw sμBwl TIk nw rih skI[ A^Ir 6 mwrc 1921 dy idn isμGW ny Awp hI ies dI syvw-sμBwl leI[ aunHW ny gurduAwry ivc pey swmwn dI ilst bxweI qy SRomxI kmytI ƒ sONp id`qI[ ieh vI &Yslw hoieAw ik BweI jogw isμG dy gurduAwry ivc iek`Ty hoey is`K jQy vI cly jwxgy[

22 mwrc ƒ pμj isμGW ƒ C`f ky bwkI swry is`K gurduAwry iv`coN cly gey[ 23 mwrc ƒ kuJ ihμdUAW ny gurduAwrw BweI jogw isμG ’qy kbzw krn dI koiSS kIqI[ auh dupihr vyly gurduAwry pu`jy Aqy ‘‘mhμq nrYx dws izμdwbwd’’ qy ‘‘bydI krqwr isμG izμdwbwd’’ dy nwAry lwauxy SurU kr id`qy[ aunHW ikhw ik auh gurduAwry ivc holI mnwauxgy[ gurduAwry ivc is`KW ny ihμdUAW ƒ Aijhw krn dI iejwzq nw id`qI[ ies ’qy auh cly gey Aqy 15 imμtW mgroN auh v`fI igxqI ivc gurduAwry v`l Awey[ aunHW ny fWgW, cwkU qy qlvwrW PVHIAW hoeIAW sn[ aunHW gyt ’qy KVHy is`K ƒ kwbU kr ilAw[ aus dIAW AwvwzW sux ky iqμn is`K AμdroN bwhr Awey[ is`KW dw dbkw sux ky ihμdU ip`Cy ƒ B`j pey[ swrI glI ihμdU BIV nwl BrI hox kr ky aunHW vwsqy dOVnw vI AOKw ho igAw[ ihμdU AOrqW jo Awpxy nwl ie`tW qy p`Qr ilAweIAW sn, ny is`KW ’qy pQrwA krnw SurU kr id`qw[ is`KW ny bcwA vwsqy fWg clwauxI SurU kr id`qI[ 13 ihμdU fWgW nwl z^mI hoey qy ihμdU AOrqW dy pQrwA nwl iqμn is`KW ƒ vI s`tW l`gIAW[ QoVHI dyr mgroN ifptI kimSnr vI Aw igAw[ dUjy pwsy ^br imlidAW bhuq swry is`K vI gurduAwry phuμc gey[ ifptI kimSnr ikauNik ihμdUAW dI qr&dwrI krdw sI aus ny 40 is`K igR&qwr kr ley qy iksy vI ihμdU ƒ h`Q qk nw lwieAw[ fI.sI. ny gurduAwry ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qy pulIs qy imltrI dI gwrf lw id`qI[ aus ny gurduAwry ’c is`KW dI AYNtrI bμd kr id`qI[ ies ’qy is`KW ny, sxy &OjI is`KW dy, pRotYst kIqw[ aunHW SRomxI kmytI qy is`K pRYs ƒ &on kIqw qy ies dy nwl hI do is`KW ƒ AμimRqsr qy lwhOr is`K AwgUAW ƒ imlx vwsqy tor vI id`qw igAw[

fI.sI. ƒ swrI hwlq dw pqw l`gdw irhw[ aus ny fridAW Agly idn swry is`K irhw kr id`qy[ ies qoN bwAd fI.sI. ny hukm jwrI kr id`qw ik koeI vI bμdw Sihr ivc ikrpwn lY ky nhIN jw skdw[ ies ’qy ikRpwnDwrI is`K ipSwvr sdr ivc cly gey[ 24 qwrI^ Swm ƒ fI.sI. dy hukm dy i^lw& iek BwrI dIvwn hoieAw[ ienHIN idnIN ig: Syr isμG vI au~Qy pu`j gey[ 26 qwrI^ ƒ auh fI.sI. ƒ imly[ fI.sI. ny aunHW ƒ ikrpwn lwh ky Aμdr Awaux vwsqy ikhw[ jdoN igAwnI jI ny ikrpwn auqwrn qoN nWh kr id`qI qW fI.sI. ƒ mjbUrn aunHW ƒ Aμdr bulwauxw ipAw[ ig: Syr isμG ny fI.sI. ƒ disAw ik is`KW dI ikrpwn ’qy kdy pwbμdI nhIN lweI geI sI[ hor qW hor nwnkwxw swihb ivc jdoN srkwr ny hr bμdy qoN tkUey,
brCy qy fWgW qk vI lY leIAW sn qW vI ikrpwn ’qy koeI pwbμdI nhIN sI lweI[ fI.sI. ny kimSnr nwl g`lbwq kr ky A^Ir ikrpwn qoN pwbμdI htw leI[

kuJ idn mgroN fI.sI. ny is`KW dI kmytI dy mYNbrW ƒ bulw ky AwiKAw ik srkwr ikrpw isμG ƒ gurduAwry dw kμtrol nhIN dyxw cwhuμdI pr aus ƒ gurduAwry ’c Awaux dI iejwzq zrUr id`qI jwvy[ is`K ieh g`l mMn gey[ ikrpw isμG 16 ApRYl dI rwq ƒ gurduAwry AwieAw pr muV ky au~QoN jwx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ is`KW ny aus ƒ jbrI nhIN k`iFAw qy pulIs ny is`KW dI mdd nw kIqI[ julweI 1921 ivc ielwky dy moihqbr is`KW ny ikrpw isμG dy i^lw& kys dwier kr id`qw[ aunHW Adwlq kol aus dy A-is`K ie^lwk dy sbUq pyS kIqy[ Adwlq ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik ikrpw isμG pujwrI bxn dy lwiek nhIN qy ies dI QW ’qy nvW pujwrI lwieAw jwey[ Adwlq ny mhμq dI qn^wh 75 rupey mhInw bμnH id`qI[ ieμ\ ies gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm vI Aw^r pμQ dy h`Q Aw igAw[

ies qoN ielwvw gurduAwrw bwbw AivnwSw isMG, qyjy (izlHw vzIrwbwd), gurduAwrw gurU Arjn swihb, hoTIAW (izlHw gurdwspur), gurduAwrw bwby dI byr (sulqwnpur) Aqy &rIdkot irAwsq dy gurduAwry vI ienHIN idnIN hI pμQk kμtrol hyT Aw gey[

kmwlIAw dw gurduAwrw
izlHw imμtgumrI (hux swhIvwl), pwiksqwn, dy ksby kmwlIAw ivc bwbw prym sqI dy gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm BweI qwrU dy kol sI[ 1909 ivc jdoN auh ibrD ho gey qW aunHW ny it`kw rwm ikSn isμG (aUnw) ƒ Awpxw vwirs nwmzd kr id`qw[ ikauNik auh ivAwihAw sI ies kr ky auh ‘‘cylw’’ nhIN bx skdw sI[ ies ’qy aus ny Awpxy pu`qr divμdr isμG ƒ ‘cylw’ bxw id`qw[ mgroN divμdr isμG ny vI ivAwh kr ilAw qy kwƒnI qOr ’qy auh vI h`k qoN vWi\Aw ho igAw pr aus ny gurduAwry dI jwiedwd ƒ h`QoN nw C`ifAw[ hor qW hor auh mhμq BweI qwrU dw vI i^Awl nhIN r`Kdw sI[ BweI qwrU ny qμg Aw ky SRomxI kmytI ny aus nwl g`lbwq kr ky 8 mwrc ƒ smJOqw kr ky rijstrI krvw leI[ kmytI ny mhμq dy inrbwh vwsqy rkm vI bμnH id`qI[ auDr 5 ApRYl ƒ it`kw rwm ikSn isμG ny kmwlIAw Aw ky gurduAwry dy cubwry ivc fyrw lw ilAw qy hwizr is`KW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ kuJ icr mgroN pulIs Aw geI[ mukwmI ihμdUAW ny fI.sI. nwl AμdrKwqy sOdw-bwzI kr leI qy mhμq qy hor is`KW qoN nyk-clxI dI zmwnq mμg leI[ aunHW zmwnq dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI qy igR&qwrI dy id`qI[ ies ’qy SRomxI kmytI ny 24 bμdy ieμqzwm sμBwlx vwsqy Byjy[ auh swry hI 27 PrvrI 1922 ƒ igR&qwr kr ley gey[ ies qoN bwAd SRomxI kmytI lgwqwr nvyN isμG gurduAwry dI syvw sμBwl vwsqy ByjdI rhI[

gurUsr sqlwnI dw gurduAwrw: izlHw AμimRqsr ivc CyvIN pwiqSwhI dI Xwd ivc bixAw ieh gurduAwrw vI gurduAwrw lihr ivc kw&I j`dojihd mgroN ienHW idnW ivc is`KW dy kMtrol Aw igAw[

gurduAwrw ib`l pws krn dI pihlI koiSS
gurduAwrw suDwr lihr qyz hox qoN iqμn cwr mhIny mgroN hI srkwr ny gurduAwirAW dy ieμqzwm vwsqy iek AYkt bnwaux dw crcw SurU kr id`qw sI[ 16 &rvrI 1921 dy idn srkwr ny iek AYlwn jwrI kIqw sI ik auh (srkwr) gurduAwirAW dy mOjUdw ieμqzwm ’qy ivcwr krn vwsqy iek kmytI bnwaux bwry soc rhI hY[ ies sbμD ivc iek mIitμg mwrc 1921 ivc krn dw &Yslw hoieAw sI[ ies mIitμg ivc AkwlI numwieμdy, mhμqW v`loN krqwr isμG bydI Aqy srkwr v`loN pμjwb srkwr dy sYktrI Sy^ Asgr AlI ny Swiml hoxw sI pr nwnkwxw swihb dy swky kr ky ieh mIitμg nw ho skI[ 14 mwrc 1921 ƒ pμjwb dy vzIry-qwlIm mIAW &zlI husYn ny kONsl ’c iek mqw r`iKAw, ijs ivc gurduAwirAW dy inzwm vwsqy AwrfInYNs jwrI krn dw izkr kIqw igAw sI[ ies muqwibk iek gurduAwrw kimSn bxwieAw jwxw sI[

ies gurduAwrw kimSn dy cwr mYNbr hoxy sn: iek srkwrI ZYr is`K (pRDwn), iek srkwrI is`K numwieMdw qy kONsl dy is`K mYNbrW v`loN pyS hoey 8 nWvW dy pYnl ’coN srkwr 2 mYNbr cuxygI[ iPr ies ivc is`K dI qwrI& vI nhIN sI id`qI hoeI[ ies muqwibk gurduAwirAW dw inzwm is`KW dy hvwly kr ky mhμqW qy hor pujwrIAW vwsqy im`QI rkm nIAq kIqI jwxI sI[
ies AwrfInYNs dy i^lw& ihμdU kONslr KulH ky swhmxy Awey Aqy aunHW ny mhμqW dI is`DI qy Ais`DI ihmwieq kIqI[ aunHW ny qW ie`QoN qk ikhw ik is`KW ivc keI i&rky hn qy hr iek dw numwieμdw kimSn ivc hovy[ gnpq rwey, jo mhμq nrYx dws dw slwhkwr sI, Aqy nirMdr nwQ ny qW ie`QoN qk ikhw ik gurduAwrw kimSn ivc ihμdUAW qy muslmwnW dI vI numwieμdgI hovy[ ihMdU qW cwhuMdy sn ik ies dw muKI koeI XUrpIn hovy qy is`K nhIN[

is`KW ny ies ib`l dI s^q mu^wl&q kIqI qy ikhw ik is`KW ivc koeI i&rkw nhIN Aqy ihμdU qy muslmwnW dI nuMmwieμdgI dw svwl hI pYdw nhIN huμdw[ aunHW ny ib`l dI ies g`loN vI mu^wl&q kIqI ik ieh gurduAwry ƒ ‘‘cYrItybl tr`st’’ mμndw ey, jd ik gurduAwry dw Awpxw rUhwnI AkIdw qy AsUl huμdw hY[ ies ƒ ‘‘dwn vwlI jmwq’’ (cYrItybl tr`st) nwl nhIN joiVAw jw skdw[ ienHW kwrnW kr ky AwrfInYNs dI g`l isry nw cVH skI[

is`KW dI ivroDqw ƒ m`dy-nzr r`KidAW srkwr ny AwrfInYNs dI QW iek ib`l pyS krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw qy ies vwsqy 5 ApRYl dI qwrI^ im`Q id`qI[

suMdr isMG mjITw ny ies ibl bwry bhuq s^q stYNf ilAw[ aus ny ikhw ik: “gurduAwirAW ivc isr& is`K Drm muqwibk hI iebwdq ho skdI hY; gurduAwirAW ivc ihMdU dyvI-dyviqAW dI pUjw nhIN ho skdI; gurduAwirAW dIAW jwiedwdW BwvyN ZYr-is`KW ny dwn kIqIAW hoeIAW hox pr is`KW ny ienHW nUM AwpxIAW SrqW (AkIdy) mUjb kbUl kIqw sI; gurduAwry mhMqW dIAW injI jwiedwdW nhIN hn; mhMq dw Ahudw mwrUsI (j`dI) nhIN hY[ gurU nwnk swihb ny qW Awpxy pu`qrW nUM C`f ky gurU AMgd swihb nUM jWnSIn cuixAw sI; gurduAwirAW ’qy kbizAW dy i^lw& s^qI TIk nhIN[ is`KW ny srkwr dw iDAwn ieDr idvwaux vwsqy kbzy kIqy hn; is`K mzhb ivc koeI i&rkw nhIN hY[”

20 mwrc 1921 dy idn SRomxI kmytI qy hor is`K AwgUAW dw iek iek`T Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hoieAw[ ies ivc pμjwb kONsl dy swry is`K mYNbrW qy pRYs ƒ vI bulwieAw igAw sI[ aunHIN idnIN j: J`br, j: Bu`cr qy hor sYˆkVy is`K igR&qwr kIqy jw rhy sn[ ies kr ky AkwlI AwgU srkwr nwl koeI smJOqw krn vwsqy rwzI nhIN sn[ is`K AwgU cwhuμdy sn ik srkwr nwl nwimlvrqx dw mqw pws kIqw jwvy pr s:b: mihqwb isμG, BweI joD isμG qy hrbμs isμG AtwrI cwhuμdy sn ik srkwr ƒ iek mOkw id`qw jwvy[ ies iek`T ny hyT iliKAw mqw pws kIqw:
1. gurduAwirAW sbμDI iZR&qwr kIqy swry is`K irhw kIqy jwx[
2. mhμqW qy pujwrIAW nwl JgVy dy sbμD ivc srkwr v`loN igR&qwrIAW kIqy jwx dI s^q l&zW ivc inμdw kIqI geI[
3. SRomxI kmytI v`loN suJwey nym muqwibk gurduAwrw AYkt bxn q`k ijnHW gurduAwirAW ’qy is`KW ny kbzw kIqw hoieAw hY, sbMDI SRomxI kmytI dy aunHW numwieμidAW, ijnHW ƒ ipCly idnIN gurduAwirAW ’qy kbzw krn dy kysW ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw hY nUM irhw kIqw jwvy[
4. jy srkwr is`KW dIAW BwvnwvW muqwibk gurduAwrw inzwm bwry kwƒn bxwaux Aqy is`K kYdIAW ƒ 10 ApRYl 1921 q`k irhw krn ’c nwkwm ho jWdI hY qW Akwl q^q swihb ’qy juVy pμQ dw &Yslw hY ik is`K ies ƒ Awpxy Drm ’c d^l mμnxgy Aqy gurduAwirAW dw suDwr krn ’qy Awp mjbUr hoxgy[
5. gurU pμQ swry is`KW ƒ s`dw dyNdw hY ik auh gurduAwrw suDwr vwsqy AkwlI jiQAW ivc Swiml ho jwx[
6. koeI vI is`K 10 ApRYl q`k iksy vI gurduAwry dy mOjUdw ieμqzwm ƒ bdlx dI koiSS nw kry[
ies mIitμg ny srkwr qy kONslrW nwl gurduAwrw AYkt bwry g`lbwq krn vwsqy iek 12 mYNbrI kmytI vI bxw id`qI geI[

pr srkwr ny is`KW dy ienHW miqAW dI pRvwh qW kI krnI sI sgoN aultw ies mIitμg ivc Amr isμG Jbwl v`loN ikrpwn bwry mqw r`Kx dy jurm ivc aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky aus ƒ 6 mhIny kYd kr id`qw qy hor vI bhuq swry is`KW ƒ ikrpwnW Aqy Coty tkUey r`Kx ’qy igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ies dy nwl hI 8 ApRYl ƒ srkwrI gurduAwrw ib`l vI CwieAw ho igAw[ ies nwl is`KW ivc srkwr vwsqy mu^wl&q bhuq v`D geI[ ies srkwrI ib`l muqwibk gurduAwrw borf dy cwr (iqμn is`K qy iek ZYr-is`K) mYˆbr hoxy sn, ijnHW swirAW ƒ srkwr ny nwmzd krnw sI[ ienHW dw prYzIfYNt iek ZYr-is`K hoxw sI[ ib`l muqwibk auh gurduAwry hI gurduAwrw ieμqzwm hyT AwauNdy sn, ijnHW ƒ srkwr gurduAwrw mμnygI[ ‘‘JgVy vwly’’ Drm AsQwn ies gurduAwrw ieμqzwm hyT nhIN AwauNdy sn[ ies borf dw swrw ^rc gurduAwirAW dI Awmdn ’coN kIqw jwxw sI[

&zlI husYn (vzIry-qwlIm) Aqy eI. jos& (srkwr dy sYktrI) dy ies ib`l dI qkrIbn hr iek is`K ny zbrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI[ pμjwb kONsl ivc dsONDw isμG, krqwr isμG, hrnwm isμG mwn qy s:b: mihqwb isμG ny AwpxI mu^wl&q irkwrf vI krvweI[ ies kr ky ib`l bwry ivcwr krn ƒ 16 ApRYl ’qy mulqvI kr id`qw igAw[ ies dOrwn ihμdUAW ny vI is`KW dy i^lw& pRwpygμfw krnw SurU kr id`qw[ hwlW ik SRomxI kmytI ny sw& l&zW ivc AwK vI id`qw sI ik is`K kOm isr& qvwrI^I gurduAwirAW (jo gurU swihb jW ShIdW qy is`K hsqIAW nwl sbμiDq hn) dw ieμqzwm hI krnw cwhuμdI hY pr iPr vI ihμdU AwgU is`KW dy i^lw& swizSW ’c BweIvwl ho rhy sn[ 4 ApRYl ƒ pμjwb ihμdU mhW sBw ny iek ibAwn ’c AwiKAw ik gurduAwirAW dy inzwm ’c koeI qbdIlI nhIN hoxI cwhIdI Aqy jy kr srkwr gurduAwrw kimSn bxwauxw cwhuμdI hY qW aus ivc ihμdUAW ƒ vI numwieμdgI id`qI jwvy[

11 ApRYl ƒ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dI iek mIitμg Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hoeI[ ies ivc srkwrI ib`l dy nwl-nwl srkwr v`loN kYdI irhw krn qoN nWh krn ƒ vI ivcwirAw igAw[ mIitμg ’c ivcwr hoeI ik ikauN ik srkwr Awpxy ib`l ivc is`KW v`loN suJweIAw soDW krn vwsqy iqAwr nhIN ies kr ky AsIN ib`l ƒ nw-mnzUr krdy hW[ srkwr ieh vI nhIN mμndI sI ik gurduAwry pμQ dy hn Aqy mhμq isr& syvwdwr hn[ gurduAwirAW dI mlkIAq bwry mhμqW nUM j`dI h`k dyxw vI ibl ƒ bymwAnw kr dyNdw hY[ is`K AwgUAW ƒ irhw nw krn dI vI zbrdsq inμdw kIqI geI[ ies mIitμg ny Agly kdm cu`kx vwsqy iek s`q-mYNbrI kmytI bxw id`qI[ ies ivc KVk isμG, hrbμs isμG AtwrI, pRo: joD isμG, pRo: bwvw hrikSn isμG, mwstr qwrw isμG, bqn isμG knyfIAn, qyjw isμG smuμdrI Swiml sn[ ies kmytI ny is`KW ƒ ApIl kIqI ik hr pwsy AkwlI jQy kwiem kIqy jwx qy Awauxw vwly AOKy idnW ivc kurbwnIAW krn vwly mrjIvVy iqAwr rihx[ 14 ApRYl ƒ ‘Ardws idn’ mnwaux dw AYlwn kIqw igAw[

SRomxI kmytI dy ienHW AYlwnW ƒ pVH ky keI is`K mulwzm SRomxI kmytI dy AwgUAW ƒ imly qy AwpxIAW syvwvW kmytI ƒ pyS kIqIAW pr kmytI ny aunHW ƒ AwiKAw ik auh AwpxIAW ifaUtIAW jwrI r`Kx qy nOkrIAW nw C`fx ikauNik Ajy AijhI j`dojihd dw vylw nhIN AwieAw[ srkwr v`loN suJwey ib`l dy i^lw& Aqy AkwlI dl dI hmwieq ivc eynw mwhOl hox dy bwvjUd srkwr AwpxI AVI ’qy kwiem rhI Aqy 16 ApRYl ƒ gurduAwrw ib`l kONsl ivc pyS kr id`qw pr aus idn ib`l ƒ pws krn dI bjwie 9 meI ’qy mulqvI kr id`qw[ ies dOrwn srkwr ny 23 ApRYl ƒ iek mIitμg bulweI[ ies ivc is`K AwgU, mhμqW dy numwieμdy, kONsl dy mYNbr Aqy kuJ hor S^sIAqW vI Swiml hoeIAW[ mIitμg ivc suJwey gurduAwrw ib`l bwry ivcwrW hoeIAW Aqy is`K AwgUAW dIAW iqμn SrqW sn: (1) isr& cμgy ie^lwk vwlw mhμq hI gurduAwry dw pujwrI hovy (2) swry gurduAwry pμQ dy hn Aqy ies kr ky pμQk kmytI dy ieμqzwm hyT hI rihxy cwhIdy hn (3) gurduAwirAW dI Awmdn qy ^rc dw pUrw ihswb ikqwb r`iKAw jwvy ’qy sμgq swhmxy pyS kIqw jwey[ 23 qwrI^ dI mIitμg ADUrI rhI pr 26 ApRYl ƒ Pyr SurU hoeI[ ies ivc mhμqW ny izd kIqI ik smJOqy ’c ieh vI iliKAw jwey ik jo mirAwdw mhμqW ny 1920 ivc ApxweI hoeI sI gurduAwirAW ivc jwrI rhygI[ ies qoN ielwvw is`K AwgUAW ny vI Srq r`KI ik G`to-G`t do iqhweI numwieμdy is`KW v`loN cuxy jwx ’qy prYzIfYNt vI ieμgilS nhIN blik is`K hovy pr mhμqW dI izd sI ik prYzIfYNt is`K nw hovy qy ieμgilS hovy[

ienHW swry msilAW bwry koeI iek rwie nw bx skI Aqy ibnW iksy nqIjy ’qy ApiVAW ieh mIitμg ^qm ho geI[ ies ’qy srkwr ny gurduAwrw ib`l 9 meI ƒ pyS nw krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ pihlI meI ƒ SRomxI kmytI dI AYZzYkitv dI mIitμg ivc hwlwq ’qy ivcwr kIqI geI &Yslw kIqw igAw ik purAmn rih ky gurduAwrw suDwr lihr jwrI r`KI jwvy[ 10-11 meI ƒ SRomxI kmytI dw iek jnrl iejlws Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hoieAw[ kuJ nukiqAW bwry v`Kry-v`Kry i^Awl hox kr ky Aw^rI &Yslw nw ho sikAw[ Agly idn dobwrw mIitμg hoeI[ ies ivc votW nwl &Yslw hoieAw: ‘‘ikauN ik srkwr ny is`K pμQ dy msilAW ’qy dosqwnw rv`eIAw A^iqAwr nhIN kIqw qy bymwAnw nukiqAW ’qy AVI idKweI hY, ies kr ky jd qk swry gurduAwry pμQk ieμqzwm hyT nhIN Aw jWdy, audoN qk purAmn rih ky gurduAwirAW dw ieμqzwm Awpxy h`Q ivc lYx dI j`dojihd jwrI r`KI jwvy[’’ ies mqy dI mu^wl&q hrbμs isμG AtwrI qy pRo: joD isμG ny kIqI[ aunHW ny SRomxI kmytI dI mYNbrI qoN vI AsqI&w vI dy id`qw [

is`KW dy ies mqy ’qy srkwr bVI AOKI hoeI[ srkwr ny gurduAwrw ib`l pws krn dw i^Awl C`f id`qw[ ies mgroN srkwr ny gurduAwirAW ’qy kbizAW bwry pYdw hox vwly hwlwq dy nW ’qy bhuq swrI pulIs BrqI krn dw &Yslw kIqw qy ies bwry pμjwb kONsl kol 1 l`K 15 hzwr 217 rupey dw Krcw pyS kIqw[ s:b: mihqwb isμG ny kONsl ivc ies dI zbrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI qy ikhw ik is`KW vloN gurduAwrw ieμqzwm suDwrn dI lihr ƒ pulIs jbr nwl dbwauxw byAklI hovygI[ ies pRotYst dy bwvjUd kONsl ny ieh rkm pws kr ky nvIN pulIs BrqI ƒ hrI JμfI dy id`qI[

ies dOrwn SRomxI kmytI dI nvIN cox hoeI[ nvIN cuxI SRomxI kmytI ny 27 Agsq dI mIitμg ivc 11 meI dy purAmn j`dojihd krn aqy srkwr nwl nwimlvrqx krn vwly mqy dI qweId kr id`qI[ hwzr 86 mYNbrW ivcoN ies mqy dy h`k ivc 62 mYNbrW ny vot pweI qy 26 inrp`K rhy, Xwin ies dy i^lw& iksy ny vI vot nw pweI[ hor qW hor srkwr nwl hmdrdI krn vwilAW (AKOqI mwfrytW) ny vI ies dI mu^wl&q nw kIqI[ mIitμg ny is`K kONslrW ƒ ApIl kIqI ik auh kONsl qoN AsqI&w dy dyxw[ ies ’qy s:b: mihqwb isμG, ijs ny srkwrI vkIl dy Ahudy qoN pihlW hI AsqI&w dy id`qw sI, ny kONsl dI mYNbrI qy ifptI prYzIfYNt dy Ahudy qoN vI AsqI&w dy id`qw[

SRomxI kmytI dy AhudydwrW dI cox
28 Agsq 1921 dy idn SRomxI kmytI dy AhudydwrW dI cox hoeI[ KVk isμG pRDwn cuxy gey[ bwkI dy Ahudydwr hyT ilKy sn: vweIs pRYzIfYNt suMdr isMG rwmgVHIAw, sYkRytrI s:b: mihqwb isMG, AYZzYkitv mYNbr: qyjw isMG smuMdrI, bUtw isMG Sy^Upurw, Amr isMG vwsU, kpqwn rwm isMG, igAwnI Syr isMG rwvlipMfI, mwstr qwrw isMG lwielpur, dwn isMG vCoAw, qyjw isMG cUhVkwxw, Bwg isMG vkIl, Bgq jsvMq isMG, bwvw hrikSn isMG Kwlsw kwlj, hrjs isMG DUrI, gurcrn isMG vkIl, su`cw isMG Krw sOdw, suMdr isMG lwielpur, Amr isMG Jbwl, srmuK isMG Jbwl, gurb^S isMG id`lI, n`Qw isMG huiSAwrpur, ipAwrw isMG huiSAwrpur, blvMq isMG &Irozpur, bwl isMG jlMDr, Drm isMG luiDAwxw, qyjw isMG Alwvlpur, hrbMMs isMG nwBw, hrI isMG jlMDrI, mihqwb isMG ijhlm, prym isMG soFbMs, igAwnI ieMdr isMG jMfy srwey jlMDr, Arjn isMG DIrky[ (nwXk AMimRqsr, 8 sqMbr 1921, s&w 2)[

ieh hwlq vyK ky srkwr ny sqμbr dy SurU ivc j: J`br, j: qyjw isμG Bu`cr Aqy buhq swry is`K vrkr qy AgU irhw kr id`qy[ hux srkwr ny is`K AwgUAW nwl nvyN isirEN g`lbwq SurU kr id`qI[ srkwr gurduAwrw borf dw cyArmYn ieμgilS dI QW iek is`K ƒ bxwauxw vI mμn geI[ 13 sqMbr ƒ AμimRqsr dy ifptI kimSnr imstr fμnt ny is`K AwgUAW nwl mulwkwqW kIqIAW[ srkwr drbwr swihb bwry vI g`lbwq krnI cwhuμdI sI pr mslw ieh vI sI ik srkwr SRomxI kmytI ƒ mwnqw nhIN dyNdI sI qy auh nvIAW kmytIAW bxwauxw cwhuμdI sI[ is`K AwgUAW ny srkwr nuμ disAw ik is`KW iv`coN koeI vI jQybμdI SRomxI kmytI dw bdl nhIN cwhuμdI pr srkwr ieh mμnx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI[ fμnt ny ikhw ik cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy do jW iqμn mYˆbr SRomxI kmytI dI AYZzYkitv ’c pwey jwxy cwhIdy hn[ auDr cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny srkwr dw nukqw r`d kridAW ikhw ik auh AYZzYkitv dy mYNbr nhIN bxnw cwhuμdy hwlW ik aunHW ƒ ies bwry pihloN hI pySkS ho cukI hY[

ies mgroN mwhOl bxn l`g ipAw ik gurduAwrw ieμqzwm dw mslw purAmn qrIky nwl h`l ho jwvygw[ is`KW ny ipRμs Aw& vylz dy bweIkwt dw mqw vI nvμbr ’c muV ivcwr vwsqy mulqvI kr id`qw[ ies hwlq ivc hI 19 AkqUbr ƒ SRomxI kmytI ny pws kIqw ik drbwr swihb dy qoSyKwny dIAW cwbIAW suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAw qoN lY ky nvyN pRDwn KVk isμG ƒ dy id`qIAW jwx[ ies dI ieqlwh suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAw ny iek dm fI.sI. ƒ dy id`qI[ ies ’qy srkwr dI pwilsI ’c iek dm qbdIlI AweI qy srkwr ny drbwr swihb ’qy kbzw krn dI skIm GV leI[

cwbIAW dw morcw
7 nvμbr 1921 dy idn bwAd dupihr iqμn vjy lwlw Amr nwQ eI.ey.sI. pulIs dI iek DwV lY ky suμdr isμG rwmgVHIAW dy Gr igAw Aqy aus qoN drbwr swihb dy qoSyKwny dIAW qy kuJ hor cwbIAW lY leIAW (drAsl suMdr isMG ny Awp srkwr nUM Aijhw krn vwsqy ikhw sI)[ srkwr ny AYlwn kIqw ikauNik SRomxI kmytI is`KW dI numwieμdw jmwq nhIN hY ies kr ky cwbIAW leIAW geIAW hn[ srkwr ny ieh vI bhwnw lwieAw ik srkwr ny 36-mYNbrI kmytI bxw ky aus ƒ cwrj sONp id`qw sI[ srkwr dw ieh ibAwn vI JUTw sI ikauN ik srkwr dI nwmzd kIqI 36-mYNbrI kmytI ƒ vI is`KW ny nvIN cuxI SRomxI kmytI ivc Swiml kr ilAw sI qy auh SRomxI kmytI dIAW mIitμgW ivc ih`sw vI lYNdy rhy sn[ srkwr ny ieh ibAwn vI id`qw ik is`KW v`loN qoSKwny dy ^zwny ƒ isAwsI kwrvweIAW vwsqy ^rc kIqy jwx dw vI ^dSw hY[
srkwr v`loN cwbIAW lYx dI hrkq nwl is`KW ivc ros qy gu`sy dI lihr PYl geI[ 11 nvμbr ƒ SRomxI kmytI dI iek mIitμg Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hoeI[ mIitμg ny hyT ilKy mqy pws kIqy: (1) srkwr nwl nwimlvrqx kIqw jwey (2) cwbIAW lYx vwsqy srkwr nwl koeI g`lbwq jW myl nw kIqw jwey (3) ipRμs Aw& vylz dw AμimRqsr Awaux ’qy bweIkwt kIqw jwey qy iksy gurduAwry ivc aus dw pRSwd kbUl nw kIqw jwvy[ jy srkwr gurduAwirAW dw kbzw lYx dI koiSS kry qW morcw lwieAw jwey[

ies dOrwn srkwr ny kYptn bhwdr isμG nW dy iek bμdy ƒ srbrwh nwmzd kr id`qw qy cwbIAW dy ky aus ƒ drbwr swihb ByijAw[ 12 nvμbr ƒ SRomxI kmytI dI mIitμg ivc ieh PYslw hoieAw ik bhwdr isμG ƒ gurduAwrw ieμqzwm ivc d^l nw dyx id`qw jwey[ 15 nvμbr ƒ svyry 8 vjy jdoN bhwdr isμG gurU nwnk swihb dy gurpurb dy mOky ’qy Awpxy swQIAW Drm isMG, bsMq isMG qy Awqmw isMG nwl drbwr swihb AwieAw qW aus ƒ iksy ny vI nyVy nw Fu`kx id`qw[ aus nUM qoSw Kwnw dw jlO vI nw lwaux id`qw igAw[ bhwdr isμG ƒ AwpxI hrkq ’qy SrimμdgI mihsUs hoeI qy cwbIAW dw gu`Cw, jo aus dI k`C ivc sI, lY ky cup-cwp Gr muV igAw[Gr phuμcidAW hI auh ijsmwnI qy mwnisk qOr ’qy vI bImwr pY igAw Aqy A^Ir aus ny SRomxI kmytI qoN muAw&I mμg leI[

aus dy jwx mgroN Akwl q^q swihb mUhry sMgqW dw iek iek`T hoieAw ijs ivc ipRMs Aw& vylz dI Awmd ’qy aus dw bweIkwt krn dw gurmqw kIqw igAw[

ies mgroN srkwr ny iek hor &OjI srdwr ƒ cwbIAW dy ky srbrwhI sONpI[ auh koeI hrkq krn qoN pihlW hI Awpxy Gr dI C`q qoN if`g ky mr igAw[ ies qoN bwAd srkwr ƒ hor koeI bμdw nw t`kirAw[ ies dOrwn AμimRqsr dy ifptI kimSnr ny is`KW nwl bhuq swrIAW mIitμgW kIqIAW pr iksy nqIjy ’qy nw ApV sikAw[

jdoN srkwr ny mihsUs kIqw ik is`KW ’qy koeI dbwA vI Asr nhIN kr sikAw qW ifptI kimSnr AμimRqsr ny is`KW dy iKlw& pRwpygμfw SurU kr id`qw[ fI.sI. ny 26 nvμbr dy idn Ajnwlw ivKy srkwrI jlsw r`K id`qw[ ies jlsy ivc srkwr ny SRomxI kmytI Aqy AkwlI dl dy i^lw& pRwpygμfw krnw sI[ jdoN AkwlIAW ƒ ies dw pqw lgw qW aunHW ny vI 26 nvμbr ƒ iek dIvwn Ajnwly ivc r`K ilAw[ dIvwn ivc KVk isμG, Amr isμG Jbwl, jsvμq isμG Jbwl, pμfq dInw nwQ qy fwktr sqpwl ny vI lYkcr krny sn[ pr 25 nvμbr dy idn srkwr ny AμimRqsr qy Ajnwlw ivc ‘‘sfISIAs mIitμgz AYkt’’ hyT jlisAW ’qy pwbμdI lw id`qI[ iek pwsy srkwr ny ieh pwbμdI lw id`qI qy dUjy pwsy 26 qwrI^ ƒ srkwr ny Awpxw jlsw kIqw[ ies jlsy ivc AkwlI AwgU vI phuμc gey[ jlsy dOrwn dwn isμG vCoAw qy jsvμq isμG Jbwl KVHy ho gey Aqy bolx dw vkq mμigAw[ fI.sI. ny aus ƒ bolx nw id`qw[ ies ’qy AkwlIAW ny dUr jw ky Awpxw dIvwn lgw ilAw[ ies ’qy swry lok auT ky au~QoN cly gey qy fI. sI. dw jlsw KwlI ho igAw[ ies qoN pihlW ik is`K AwgU jlsy dI kwrvweI SurU kr skdy, fI.sI. ny iKJ ky dwn isμG vCoAw, qyjw isμG smuμdrI, jsvμq isμG Jbwl, pμfq dInw nwQ qy hrnwm isμG zYldwr ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ hrnwm isμG zYldwr dI igR&qwrI isr& K`dr pwaux kr ky hoeI sI[ ienHW nUM pMj pMj mhIny kYd Aqy iek iek hzwr rupY jurmwnw hoieAw[

jdoN ienHW igR&qwrIAW dI ^br AμimRqsr phuμcI qW SRomxI kmytI dI mIitμg Akwl q^q swihb ’qy cl rhI sI[ ^br imlidAW hI mIitμg br^wsq kr id`qI geI qy swry AkwlI AwgU Ajnwlw c`l pey[ auh swry Swm swFy cwr vjy Ajnwly dy dIvwn ivc phuμc gey[ jdoN 19 AwgU qkrIr kr hty qW pulIs suprfYNt ny igR&qwrIAW krn dw hukm kr id`qw[ igR&qwrW ivc bwbw KVk isμG, s:b: mihqwb isμG, mw: suμdr isμG lwielpurI, Bwg isμG vkIl, gurcrn isμG vkIl, hrI isμG jlμDrI vI Swiml sn[ ies mgroN AYs.pI. ny srkwrI AYlwn pVH ky suxwieAw ik ieh dIvwn ‘‘sfISIAs mIitμgj AYkt’’ hyT gYr kwƒnI iek`T hY[ ies ’qy pRo: joD isμG qy mwstr qwrw isμG ny aus ƒ ikhw ik ieh Dwrimk dIvwn hY Aqy ieh jwrI rhygw[ ies mgroN dIvwn do Gμty jwrI irhw[ Ardws mgroN hwzr is`K AwgUAW ny mIitμg kIqI qy Amr isμG Jbwl ƒ SRomxI kmytI dw pRDwn, kYptn rwm isμG ƒ mIq pRDwn qy mwstr qwrw isμG ƒ sYktrI cux ilAw[

SRomxI kmytI dI AglI mIitμg 28 nvμbr ƒ Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hoeI Aqy fI.sI. dI aus ic`TI ’qy ivcwr hoeI, ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik ‘‘sfISIAs mIitμgz AYkt’’ hyT Dwrimk dIvwnW ’qy vI pwbμdI hY[ mYNbrW ivc srkwr dI ies D`kySwhI dy i^lw& bVw roh jwigAw[ A^Ir kmytI ny mqw pws kIqw ik (1) AμimRqsr, lwhOr, SyKUpurw qy id`lI ivc Dwrimk dIvwn kIqy jwx Aqy sμgqW ƒ cwbIAW bwry AslIAq dsI jwvy[ (2) 4 dsμbr ƒ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI dI ShIdI dy idn swry pwsy dIvwn kIqy jwx[ dIvwn ivc SRomxI kmytI dy AYlwnnwmy pVH ky suxwey jwx[ ies dy bwvjUd srkwr ƒ sum`q nw AweI[

ies qoN kuJ idn mgroN SRomxI kmytI dI iek hor mIitμg Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hoeI Aqy ies ivc &Yslw kIqw igAw ik ipRμs Aw& vylz dy Awaux ’qy mukμml hVqwl kIqI jwey Aqy aus dy sbμD ivc hox vwly smwgmW ivc koeI vI is`K Swiml nw hovy[

hux srkwr ny vI hiQAwr su`tx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ srkwr ny SRomxI kmytI ƒ sunyhw ByijAw ik srkwr aunHW ƒ cwbIAW dyx vwsqy iqAwr hY[ 6 dsμbr 1921 dy idn hoeI iek mIitμg ivc mqw pws kIqw igAw ik koeI vI is`K drbwr swihb dIAW cwbIAW audoN qk vwips nw lvy jdoN qk srkwr ies sbμD ivc igR&qwr kIqy AwgU irhw nhIN kr dyNdI[ ies mgroN hr roz svyry qy Swm Akwl q^q swihb ’qy dIvwn hox lgy qy cwbIAW bwry qy srkwrI jbr bwry qkrIrW hox l`gIAW[ ienHW dIvwnW ivc lYkcr krn vwilAW dIAW igR&qwrIAW hr roz hox l`g peIAW[ Amr isμG Jbwl AYkitμg pRDwn SRomxI kmytI, mwstr qwrw isμG sk`qr SRomxI kmytI, srmuK isμG Jbwl, fw: gurbKS isμG (mwstr qwrw isμG mgroN SRomxI kmytI dy sk`qr), BweI krqwr isμG kvI, bUtw isMG vkIL Sy^Upurw Aqy hor drjnW is`KW ƒ igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ (ienHW ’qy muk`dmy clw ky ienHW ƒ 2 dsMbr dy idn 4 qoN 6 mhIny qk kYd qy iek-iek hzwr rupY jurmwny dI szw id`qI geI)[

ienHW swry AwgUAW dIAW igR&qwrIAW mgroN srdwr hrcMd isMG reIs lwielpurI nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pRDwn cux ilAw igAw[ (nwXk, 8 dsMbr 1921, s&w 5)[
cwbIAW dy sbμD ivc igR&qwrIAW Aqy srkwrI D`kySwhI ny is`KW ivc bVw roh pYdw kIqw[ hor qW hor irtwierf &OjI APsr vI srkwr dy i^lw& ho gey[ pihlI dsμbr ƒ kYptn rwm isμG Aqy irswldwr suμdr isμG ny fI.sI. ƒ ic`TI ilKI ik AsIN cwbIAW dy sbμD ivc qkrIrW krn jw rhy hW swƒ bySk igR&qwr kr ilAw jwvy[ irtwierf &OjI A&srW dy ies lihr ivc Swiml hox nwl srkwr ƒ i&kr pY igAw[ dUjy pwsy bhuq swrIAW Dwrimk qy isAwsI jmwqW ny vI is`KW dI hmwieq ’c ibAwn id`qy qy mqy pws kIqy[ BwvyN srkwr AμdroN GbrweI hoeI sI pr auh SRomxI kmytI ƒ kbUl krnw nhIN sI cwhuμdI hwlW ik SRomxI kmytI ivc swry is`KW ƒ numwieμdgI imlI hoeI sI[ hor qW hor swrIAW is`K irAwsqW dI numwieμdgI vI ies ivc Swiml sI (ijvyN: pitAwlw 5, nwBw 5, jINd 2, &rIdkot 2, klsIAw 1, kpUrQlw 2)[ bwkI is`K mhwrwijAW ƒ AwpxIAW irAwsqW ivcoN 4 nuMmwieμdy nwmzd krn dw h`k vI id`qw igAw sI qy ienHW irAwsqW dy numwieμdy mIitμgW ivc Swiml vI huμdy rhy sn[ iPr srkwr ny bydI, B`ly qy soFI pirvwrW ƒ vrqx dI koiSS vI kIqI pr aunHW ivcoN numwieμdy vI SRomxI kmytI ivc Swiml sn[

pitAwlw rwjw v`loN ivcolgI dI pySkS
1921 dI dsMbr dy A^Ir ivc BUipMdrw isMG (mhwrwjw pitAwlw) ny pMjwb dy gvrnr nUM iek ^q ilK ky AkwlIAW Aqy srkwr ivckwr ivcolgI krn dI pySkS kIqI[ vwiesrwey ny aus nUM jvwb ilK ByijAw ik “aus nUM ivcolgI dI iejwzq hY pr auh cwbIAW dy muAwmly ivc koeI d^l nhIN dyvygw[ dUjw, aus nUM srkwr dI pwlsI muqwibk clxw hovygw[” gvrnr ny AwpxI it`pxI ivc ieh vI irkwrf kIqw ik “BUipMdr isMG Aijhw smJOqw krvwaux dy kwbl nhIN hY[ pr jy auh nwkwmXwb nw vI hoieAw qW ijhVy is`K aus dI AgvweI kbUl kr lYxgy auh srkwr p`KI pYNqVw Apxwaux dy pwbMd hoxgy[”(hom, polItIkl, jnvrI 1922, nMbr 18)[

bydI, B`ly qy soFIAW v`loN SRo: kmytI dI ihmwieq
ies hwlq ivc pihlI jnvrI 1922 dy idn bydI, B`ly qy soFI AwgUAW dI iek mIitμg ‘‘gurU bμs kwn&rμs’’ dy nW hyT hoeI, ijs dI pRDwngI srkwr-pRsq bwvw prdumx isμG mulqwn ny kIqI[ ies iek`T ny vI SRomxI kmytI dI hmwieq kIqI[ (ies ’qy bwvw prdumx isμG ny pRDwngI qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw)[ ies iek`T ny mqw pws kIqw ik ‘‘SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI gurduAwirAW dI syvw sμBwl qy ieμqzwm vwsqy swry pμQ dI numwieμdw jmwq hY Aqy AsIN ies ivc mukμml Brosw rKdy hW qy srkwr ƒ is`KW dy Dwrimk muAwmilAW ivc d^l nhIN dyxw cwhIdw[’’ kuJ idn pihlW hI Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr dy pRo&YsrW ny vI mqw pws kr ky srkwr ƒ ikhw sI ik auh cwbIAW SRomxI kmytI ƒ moV dyvy[

srkwr ny hiQAwr su`ty
srkwr kol koeI cwrw nhIN sI ik SRomxI kmytI dw pRbMD mMn ilAw jwvy qy cwbIAW aus nUM moV id`qIAW jwx[ (vI.fblXU. simQ, AYs.pI. sI.AweI.fI. polItIkl, AkwlI dl AYNf AYs.jI.pI.sI. sI.AweI.fI. irport, 22.2.1922, pYrw 23)[

fI.sI. ny 3 jnvrI 1922 ƒ cwbIAW moVnIAW cwhIAW qW jo 5 jnvrI ƒ gurU goibμd isμG swihb dy Awgmn purb qoN pihlW ryVkw mu`k jwvy pr is`K AwgUAW ny AYlwn kIqw ik 6 dsMbr 1921 dy mqy muqwibk cwbIAW dy morcy sbμDI igR&qwr AwgUAW dIAW irhweIAW hox qoN pihlW cwbIAW vwips nhIN leIAW jwxgIAW[ ies ’qy 11 jnvrI 1922 dy idn sr jwn mynwrf ny pμjwb kONsl ’c AYlwn kIqw ik swry AkwlI kYdI irhw kr id`qy jwxgy[ Cy idn mgroN 17 jnvrI ƒ 193 coN 150 AwgU irhw kr id`qy gey pr pμfq dInw nwQ ƒ irhw nw kIqw igAw[ irhweI mgroN hzwrW isμGW dy jlUs ivc ieh AwgU Akwl q^q swihb ’qy pu`jy ij`Qy aunHW ƒ Swndwr ‘jI AwieAW’ ikhw igAw[

19 jnvrI 1922 dy idn Swm 6 vjy qoN mgroN ifstirkt j`j dy numwieμdy ny Akwl q^q swihb ’qy Aw ky cwbIAW dI QYlI bwbw KVk isoμG ƒ Byt kIqI qy bwbw KVk isμG ny sμgqW qoN mnzUrI lY ky cwbIAW kbUl kIqIAW[

Bwrq dI AwzwdI dI pihlI lVweI ij`qI geI
ies dI ^br jdoN ihμdU AwgU mohn dws krm cμd gWDI (mhwqmw) ƒ pu`jI qW aus ny SRomxI kmytI ƒ iek qwr ByjI ijs ivc iliKAw sI:
First battle of India’s independence won. Congratulations! (Bwrq dI AwzwdI dI pihlI lVweI ij`qI geI[ mubwrkW hox)[

srkwr ny cwbIAW dy morcy dy swry AwgU irhw kr id`qy pr pμfq dInw nwQ ƒ irhw nw kIqw[ SRomxI kmytI ny ies hrkq dI zbrdsq inμdw kIqI[ jdoN AkwlI AwgUAW ny srkwr qk phuμc kIqI qW srkwr ny ikhw ik ‘‘jy pμfq dInw nwQ AwpxI irhweI vwsqy srkwr ƒ dr^wsq dyvy qW aus ’qy ivcwr kIqI jwvygI[’’ ieh Srq lwauxw srkwr v`loN cwbIAW moVn vwsqy kIqy vwAdy dy ault sI[ is`KW ny cwbIAW ies Srq ’qy hI vsUl kIqIAw sn ik pμfq dInw nwQ ƒ vI irhw kIqw jweygw, ikauN ik aus ƒ isr& cwbIAW dy sbμD ivc qkrIr krn kr ky hI igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ jdoN srkwr ny AVI idKweI qW SRomxI kmytI ny ies nukqy ’qy morcw lwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ 8 PrvrI 1922 dy idn ies sbμD ivc pihlw dIvwn kIqw igAw[ ies ivc SRomxI kmytI dI AYZjYkitv dy swry mYNbrW ny qkrIrW kIqIAW[ ies dw nqIjw ieh hoieAw ik srkwr ny pμfq dInw nwQ ƒ ibnW Srq irhw kr id`qw[

jbr dw qIjw dOr
nwnkwxw swihb dy swky qoN mgroN sYNkVy AwgUAW dIAW igR&qwrIAW qy cwbIAW sbμDI igR&qwrIAW mgroN is`KW ’qy jbr dw iek hor dOr cilAw[ sB qoN pihlW ikrpwn dy sbμD ivc igR&qwrIAW SurU kIqIAW geIAW[ ies qoN bwAd pμjwb dy kyNdrI izilHAW ivc keI ipμfW ivc pulIs dIAW cOkIAW ibTw id`qIAW geIAW Aqy aunHW dw ^rcw lokW ’qy pw id`qw igAw[ AkwlI vrkrW ny ies dI zbrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI[ mu^wl&q krn vwly vrkr igR&qwr kr ley gey[ sB qoN pihlIAW igR&qwrIAW sBrwEN, aurwVw, Bu`coky ivc kIqIAW geIAW[ ies qoN bwAd AμimRqsr, isAwlkot, lwielpur, buiGAwxw, smuμdrI, srhwlI, sukrck, vyrkw, &qihgVH, mrhwxw, c`bw, Givμf, huifAwrw Aqy hor sYNkVy ipμfW ivc vI igR&qwrIAW kIqIAW geIAW[ iek`ly isAwlkot Sihr qoN 15 mohqbr is`K igR&qwr kIqy gey[ nwrovwl, fskw qy kuJ hor ipμfW qoN 80 is`K igR&qwr kIqy gey[ ies izlHy iv`coN 253 is`K igR&qwr kIqy gey[

nonr ipMf dw gurduAwrw
ies mgroN nonr ipμf dy gurduAwry dw mslw SurU ho igAw[ ies gurduAwry dy nW 750 ivGy zmIn sI[ ieh zmIn iek is`K hwkm nwhr isμG ny id`qI sI[ 1922 ivc ie`QoN dI swlwnw Awmdn 3000 rupY sI[ ie`QoN dw mhμq hrcrn dws iek A`XwS nOjvwn sI, jo bd ie^lwk, kurpt qy byeImwn sI[ aus ny gurduAwry dI kuJ zmIn vyc vI id`qI hoeI sI[ aus dy ie^lwk sbμDI isAwlkot dy iek mijstryt ny iek kys ivc iliKAw sI ik ‘‘auh bd-ie^lwk hY Aqy iek byvw mwieAw dyvI nwl aus dy nwjwiez sbμD hn Aqy bdmwSW ƒ Awpxy nwl r`Kdw qy gurduAwry ivc ilAw ky lokW ’c dihSq PYlwauNdw hY[’’ mukwmI is`K aus qoN bhuq qμg sn[ A^Ir bhuq swrIAW koiSSW mgroN 19 PrvrI 1922 dy idn, sb j`j Jμfw isμG, qihsIldwr qy Qwxydwr dI hwzrI ivc, aus ny SRomxI kmytI dy hyT kμm krnw mμn ilAw pr dsq^q krn vyly au~QoN iKsk igAw[ ies mgroN Agly idn hoeI mIitμg ivc ieμqzwm vwsqy iek 17 mYNbrI kmytI bxw id`qI geI[ iek mhInw gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm vDIAw qrIky nwl cldw igAw pr jdoN srkwr ny AkwlI AwgUAW dIAW igR&qwrIAW dw dOr clwieAw qW srkwr ny ies mhμq ƒ nwl rlw ky aus qoN dr^wsq lY ky mukwmI is`KW ƒ vI igR&qwr krnw SurU kr id`qw[ 24 mwrc ƒ 40 is`K igR&qwr kr ley gey[ kuJ hor igR&qwrIAw 27 mwrc ƒ vI kIqIAW geIAW[ mhμq ny srkwr nwl iml ky iek idKwvy dI 7-mYNbrI kmytI bxw leI[ ies ivc 4 ihμdU, 2 muslmwn qy isr& 1 is`K mYNbr sI[ A^Ir 23 ApRYl 1922 dy idn srkwr ny igR&qwr is`K irhw kr id`qy[ srkwr ny is`KW dI iek 6-mYNbrI kmytI nwmzd kIqI pr ies ivcly cwr mYNbrW ny srkwrI kmytI ’c Swiml hox qoN nWh kr id`qI[ A^Ir iqμn meI ƒ is`KW ny Pyr ies gurduAwry ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qy 20 PrvrI ƒ bxweI 17-mYNbrI kmytI ƒ muV cwrj dy id`qw[ ies mgroN isAwlkot dy ifptI kimSnr imstr twlbot Aqy lwhOr dy kimSnr imstr tOilμtn ny AkwlI AwgUAW nwl phuμc kr ky mhμq nwl smJOqw krvwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ mhμq, ijs ƒ SRomxI kmytI ny pihloN 550 rupey swlwnw dw Krcw dyxw kbUl kIqw sI, hux 800 rupey mμgx l`g ipAw[ A^Ir 650 rupey swlwnw ’qy smJOqw ho igAw[ mhμq Pyr vI mu`kr igAw Aqy Awmdn dw qIjw ih`sw mμgx l`g ipAw[ SRomxI kmytI ny ieh vI mμn ilAw pr mhμq Pyr vI mu`kr igAw qW kmytI ny mhμq ƒ kuJ vI nw dyx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ ieh swrI kwrvweI ifptI kimSnr dI hwzrI ivc hoeI sI[ ies kr ky mhμq Pyr nyVy vI nw FuikAw[

hyrW ipMf dw gurduAwrw
ipμf hyrW (izlHw luiDAxw) ivc gurU goibμd isμG swihb dI Xwd ’c iek gurduAwrw hY[ ie`QoN dw mhμq hr pRswd sI[ auh vI bVy GtIAw ie^lwk vwlw S^s sI[ 16 PrvrI ƒ ielwky dy mohqbr s`jxW ny iek`T kr ky aus ƒ htw id`qw[ aus ny ifptI kimSnr imstr ihltn qk phuμc kIqI[ ies ’qy fI.sI. ibRitS qy gorKw &Oj lY ky auQy pu`jw Aqy mhμq ƒ kbzw idvwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr srkwrI &Oj lokW dw idl nw bdl skI[ A^Ir 25 &rvrI nUM jlμDr dy kimSnr hrIikSn kOl ny ipμf pu`j ky is`KW qy mhμq dw smJOqw krvw id`qw qy iek pμj-mYNbrI kmytI bxw id`qI[ ies mgroN gurduAwry dI jwiedwd dw vyrvw iqAwr kIqw igAw[ srkwr Aqy kimSnr ny ies sbμDI ibAwn vI jwrI kr id`qy pr mwrc dy Aw^rI idnW ivc Acwnk rwqoN-rwq mhμq ƒ kbzw idvw ky srkwr ny is`KW dIAW igR&qwrIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ 6 sqMbr 1922 dy idn AkwlIAW ny qyjw klW dy gurduAwry nUM vI mhMqW qoN Azwd krvw ilAw[

virAwm nμgl (izlHw AμimRqsr) ivc AμimRq Ckwaux Aqy ikrpwn pihnx dy ‘‘jurm’’ ivc vI igR&qwrIAW kIqIAW geIAW[ jdoN AμimRq sμcwr ho irhw sI qW pulIs ny Gyrw pw ilAw Aqy DmkI id`qI ik jo vI pwhul lY ky ‘AkwlI’ bxngy auh igR&qwr kr ley jwxgy[ is`KW ny ikhw ik AμimRq Ckwaux dI rsm mgroN pulIs ijs ƒ cwhy igR&qwr kr lvy[ ieμ\ 17 isμGW ƒ igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ k`QU nμgl dy Qwxy ivc pulIs ny pySkS kIqI ik kwlI p`g lwhux Aqy muAw&I mμgx vwly ƒ irhw kr id`qw jwvygw[ isr& iek rsUlpur vwsI ny ieh Srq mμnI qy bwkI 16 isμG jylH Byj id`qy gey[ ieμ\ hI dusWJ (qihsIl i&lOr) ivc vI iek dIvwn ’c kIrqn sux rhy 70 is`K igR&qwr kr ley gey[ lwielpur dy iek mijstryt it`kw rijμdr pwl ny iek hukm jwrI kIqw ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik gurduAwirAW ’c hox vwly Dwrimk dIvwnW ’c hwizr hox vwly AkwlI vI igR&qwr kr ley jwxgy[ ikrpwn bwry vI bhuq swrIAW igR&qwrIAW kIqIAW geIAW[ AμimRqsr dy AisstYNt kimSnr eI.AYs. jYnikns ny 28 mwrc 1922 dy idn ikrpwn pihxn dy ‘‘jurm’’ ivc do is`KW, rwm isμG qy m`Kx isμG, ƒ iek-iek swl kYd dI szw suxweI[ ies jbr dy sbμD ivc ivcwr krn vwsqy SRomxI kmytI dw iek iek`T 30 mwrc dy idn hoieAw[ ies ny mqw pws kIqw ik:
‘‘ijvyN ik srkwr Aqy SRomxI kmytI dI ieh qs`lI hY ik is`KW ny ies g`l ’qy pUrI qrHW Aml kIqw hY pr srkwr ny AwpxIAW izμmvwrIAW dI prvwh kIqy ibnW hr qrIky Aqy hr bhwny nwl gurduAwrw suDwr lihr ivc ih`sw lYx vwly is`KW dy i^lw& hr p`Dr ’qy AμnHy Aqy bypnwh jbr dI muihμm clweI hoeI hY[’’
‘‘ikrpwn bwry vwAdy dy bwvjUd srkwr is`KW ƒ ikrpwn r`Kx jW bxwaux kr ky igR&qwr kr rhI hY[ kwrKwinAW ivcoN sYˆkVy ikrpwnW zbq kIqIAW hn[ vwAdw qoVn ƒ A`KoN auhly kridAW srkwr ny hyrW Aqy nonr dy gurduAwirAW ƒ is`KW qoN Koh ilAw hY Aqy aunHW duSt mhμqW dy hvwly kr id`qw hY, ijnHW ƒ sμgqW durkwr cu`kIAW hn[ srkwr ny qW aunHW is`KW ƒ vI igRPæqwr kr ky muk`dmw clwieAw hY jo purAmn rihμdy hoey isr& iebwdq krn jWdy hn[ sYNkVy is`KW ƒ isr& kwlI dsqwr pihxn Aqy ikrpwn r`Kx dy jurm ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw hY Aqy aunHW dI kut-mwr vI kIqI geI hY[ ie`QoN qk ik pulIs ny is`K AOrqW ƒ vI byiezq kIqw hY, is`KW dy kys pu`ty hn Aqy gurU swihbwn vwsqy GtIAw l&z vrqy hn[’’
‘‘nwnkwxw swihb dy kys ivc hweI kort dw &Yslw Aqy srkwr vloN aunHW pulsIAW dy i^lw& koeI vI kwrvweI krn qoN nWh krnw, ijnHW ny gurU gRμQ swihb dI byhurmqI kIqI Aqy drbwr swihb kol iek is`K bIbI ƒ byie`zq kIqw, Aqy AijhIAW hor vI keI g`lW ny is`KW ivc srkwr nwl sμjIdw smJOqy dy mwhOl dI aumId ƒ KyrUμ-KyrUμ kr id`qw[’’
‘‘ies kr ky SRomxI kmytI ieh mqw pws krn vwsqy mjbUr hY ik srkwr nwl audoN qk smJOqy dI g`lbwq ^qm kr id`qI jwvy, jdoN qk auh AkwlIAW ƒ kucl ky gurduAwrw suDwr lihr ^qm krn dw nwpwk ierwdw nhIN C`f dyNdI[’’

ies qoN mgroN vI keI is`K AwgU SRomxI kmytI dy mYNbr hox kwrn jW kwlI dsqwr jW ikrpwx r`Kx kr ky igR&qwr kIqy gey[ hor qW hor &OjI is`KW nwl vI ieho ijhI izAwdqI dIAW irportW AwauxIAW SurU ho geIAW[

rYjmyNt nμbr 45 dy iek is`K ƒ kwlI dsqwr sjwaux ’qy 8 swl qy iek hor ƒ swFy 8 swl vwsqy kYd kr id`qw igAw[ rYjmYNt 57vIN rweI&lz dy 15 &OjIAW ƒ ikrpwn pihxn bdly 4 qoN 10 swl dI kYd dI szw id`qI geI[ mYsopotwmIAw ivc vI cOQI kvYlrI dy iek is`K ƒ kwlI dsqwr Aqy ikrpwn bdly szw id`qI geI[

srkwr ny 2 Agsq 1922 dy idn jwrI kIqy iek ibAwn ivc mμinAw ik kwlI dsqwr sjwaux kr ky ies is`K ƒ szw id`qI geI sI[ AijhIAW hor ^brW vI irport kIqIAW geIAW sn[ ies sbμD ivc kIqIAW igR&qwrIAW dI igxqI 2000 qoN vI v`D sI[
ies D`ky, izAwdqI qy jbr ƒ swhvyN r`KidAW, AkwlI AwgUAW ny srkwr nwl g`lbwq krnI bμd kr id`qI, pr srkwr dI bySrmI dI h`d eyQoN qk sI ik srkwr Ajy vI is`KW ƒ gurduAwrw ib`l bwry g`lbwq krn vwsqy AwK rhI sI[ is`KW ny srkwr v`loN Byjy gey ^qW ƒ nzr-Aμdwz kIqw Aqy kdy koeI vI AwgU mIitμg vwsqy iqAwr nw hoieAw[ A^Ir pihlI meI 1922 dy idn kuJ is`K AwgU ZYr-rsmI qOr ’qy lwhOr dy kimSnr tOilμgtn Aqy hom sYktrI ivlsn jwnstn ƒ imly[ jdoN is`K AwgUAW ny is`KW ’qy jbr dI g`l kIqI qW srkwr ny hweI kort dy j`j qoN ienkuAwierI krvwaux dI pySkS kIqI pr is`K AwgUAW ny iek sWJy pVqwlIAw kimSn dI kwiemI dI mμg kIqI[ ikauN ik srkwr ies bwry mμg mμnx ƒ iqAwr nw hoeI ies kr ky is`K AwgUAW ny ib`l bwry g`lbwq krn qoN nWh kr id`qI[ ies ’qy ivlsn jwnstn ny DmkI dyx dy qrIky nwl ikhw ik srkwr qW is`KW dI mdd qoN ibnW vI gurduAwrw ib`l pws kr dyvygI[ ies ’qy aunHW ny jvwb id`qw ik ies ib`l dw hSr auhI hovygw jo rOlt ib`l dw hoieAw sI[

is`KW nwl g`lbwq PylH hox mgroN srkwr ny ib`l bwry kwrvweI jwrI r`KI qy keI qrHW dy ibAwn jwrI kIqy[ ies dy bwvjUd koeI vI is`K srkwr dI hmwieq krn vwsqy iqAwr nw hoieAw[ hr i^Awl dy is`KW ny srkwrI ib`l ƒ r`d kIqw[ julweI ivc is`K kONslrW ny vI AYlwn kIqw ik jdoN qk is`K kYdI irhw nhIN kIqy jWdy Aqy ib`l ’c is`KW dIAW mμgW muqwibk soD nhIN kIqI jWdI audoN qk ib`l ƒ mnzUr krn dw svwl hI pYdw nhIN huμdw[

ienHIN idnIN hI srkwr ny kuJ inrmilAW Aqy audwsIAW ƒ, jo pμjwb qoN bwhr dy sn, gμF ilAw Aqy AkwlIAW dI mu^wl&q krvwauxI SurU kr id`qI[ aunHW qoN ibAwn idvwey gey ik is`KW ivc AkwlIAW dI igxqI Awty ivc lUx dy brwbr hY, vZYrw[ AkwlI dl ny ies dy jvwb ivc ikhw ik ies dw &Yslw Awm is`KW dIAW votW nwl KulHI rwey-SumwrI jW coxW krvw ky ilAw jwvy[

16 julweI 1922 dy idn SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dw iek iejlws AμimRqsr ivc hoieAw[ ies iejlws ny mqw pws kIqw:
‘pUry iek swl dy qjrby ƒ swhvyN r`KidAW hux ies g`l dI aumId nhIN rhI ik gurduAwirAW dw mslw srkwr, jo gurduAwrw lihr dbwaux vwsqy hr hrbw iesqymwl kr rhI hY, rwhIN h`l krvwieAw jw sky[ ies hwlq ivc is`KW kol iehI rsqw rih jWdw hY ik auh gurduAwirAW dI syvw-sμBwl qy ieμqzwm ƒ Awpxy h`QW ivc lY lYx[ ies kr ky SRomxI kmytI dw ieh jnrl iejlws, fUμGI ivcwr mgroN, AYZjYkitv ƒ ieh h`k dyx ’qy mjbUr hoieAw hY ik ijnHW gurduAwirAW ƒ pμQk kμtrol ivc ilAWdw jwxw zrUrI hY aus sbμDI zrUrq muqwibk munwisb kdm auTwvy[’

pμdrW idn mgroN, 31 julweI 1922 dy idn, sr jwn mynrf ny AYlwn kIqw ik srkwr ny gurduAwrw ib`l pws krn dw ierwdw C`f id`qw hY[

durigAwxw mμdr dI nINh rKxw
gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dy is^r dy idnW ivc, 8 mwrc 1922 dy idn, ihμdUAW ny AμimRqsr ivc drbwr swihb dI nkl krn dI koiSS kridAW ‘‘durigAwnw mμdr’’ bxwaux vwsqy pμfq mdn mohn mwlvIAw qoN nINh p`Qr rKvwieAw[ sI.AweI.fI. irport ’c ies bwry iliKAw sI ik ieh kdm ‘‘ihμdUAW Aqy is`KW ivc pwVw pwaux vwsqy mwArky dw kwrnwmw sI[’’ irport muqwibk ‘‘AμimRqsr ’c drbwr swihb dw mukwblw krn dI ihμdU hrkq is`KW nwl n&rq vDwaux Aqy AwauNdy vyilAW ivc &swd krvwaux dI nINh swibq hovygI[’’(hom, pulItIkl, 1920/[[/1925)[

gurU dw bwg dw morcw
AμimRqsr qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr ipμf Gu`kyvwlI ivc gurduAwrw gurU dw bwg hY[ ieh gurduAwrw gurU Arjn swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ is`K srdwrW ny ies gurduAwry nwl vI kw&I zmIn lweI hoeI sI jo AμgryzW ny hVp vI kr leI sI[ ie`QoN dw mhμq suμdr dws sI[ lokW ƒ aus dy ie^lwk bwry bhuq iSkwieqW sn[ 31 jnvrI 1921 dy idn dwn isμG vCoAw dI AgvweI ivc kuJ is`K aus kol gey Aqy aus ƒ Awpxw suDwr krn vwsqy AwiKAw[ mhμq ny Awpxy kol 50-60 bμdy iek`Ty kIqy hoey sn[ jdoN mhμq ny vyiKAw ik is`K aus ƒ k`Fxw nhIN cwhuμdy qW aus ny is`KW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw Aqy ilKqI dsqwvyz ’qy dsqKæq vI kr id`qy[ smJOqy muqwibk aus ny AwpxI rKYl nwl ivAwh krnw mμn ilAw Aqy SRomxI kmytI v`loN nwmzd kIqI kmytI dIAW hdwieqW muqwibk mirAwdw inBwaux dw vwAdw kIqw[ gurduAwry dy ieμqzwm vwsqy iek 5 mYNbrI kmytI cuxI geI[ 8 &rvrI ƒ mhμq ny AμimRq vI Ck ilAw[ aus dw nvW nW joigμdr isμG qy aus dI rKYl eISrI dw nW igAwn kOr r`iKAw igAw[ dohW ny Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hwzr ho ky ivAwh krvw ilAw[

qkrIbn 2 mhIny qk ‘gurU dw bwg’ gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm TIk Twk cldw irhw pr jdoN srkwr ny AkwlIAW ’qy s^qI dw dOr clwauxw SurU kIqw Aqy bhuq swry AwgUAW ƒ gurduAwirAW ’qy kbzw krn dy nW ’qy igR&qwr kr ilAw qW ApRYl 1921 ivc ieh mhμq vI iv`tr igAw[ ies mgroN do iqμn mhIny is`K mhμq ƒ smJwaux dI koiSS krdy rhy pr jdoN mhμq nw tilAw qW 23 Agsq 1921 dy idn is`K sμgqW ny gurduAwry au~qy kbzw kr ilAw[ mhμq ny srkwry drbwry phuμc kIqI pr jdoN AYs.pI. mYk&rsn mOkw vyKx pu`jw qW aus ny gurduAwry ’qy AkwlIAW dy kbzy dI qsdIk kIqI Aqy AkwlIAW dI ih&wzq vwsqy pulIs vI qweInwq kr id`qI[ kuJ idnW bwAd AkwlIAW dy AwKx ’qy pulIs ƒ vwps bulw ilAw igAw[

&rvrI 1922 ivc mhμq ny qyjw isμG smuμdrI qk phuμc kIqI[ qyjw isμG, gurcrn isμG qy bwl isμG ny ivcolgI kr ky mhμq ƒ 120 rupey mhInw ’qy AμimRqsr ivc iek mkwn idvw id`qw[ ApRYl 1922 ’c mhμq Pyr mu`kr igAw Aqy gurduAwry ’qy kbzw krn dI koiSS krn l`gw[ iqμn ku mhIny ievyN hI guzr gey[ ies dOrwn srkwr Aqy AkwlIAW ivckwr gurduAwrw ib`l sbμDI smJOqy dI glbwq &ylH ho geI[ srkwr ny is`KW ƒ dbwaux leI dihSq dw nvW dOr SurU krn dw PYslw kIqw[

gurduAwrw gurU dw bwZ dy lμgr vwsqy bwlx dI l`kV gurduAwry dI zmIn ivc KVy ik`kr dy dr^qW qoN ilAWdI jWdI sI[ 8 Agsq 1922 dy idn pμj AkwlI lμgr vwsqy iek su`ky ik`kr dI l`kV v`F ky ilAwey[ aunHW ƒ 9 Agsq dy idn fμnt (fI.sI.) dy hukm hyT igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ hor qW hor ies sbμD ivc swbk mhμq suμdr dws ny ilKqI qOr ’qy koeI iSkwieq vI nhIN kIqI sI qy is`K coKy icr qoN lμgr vwsqy l`kV ie`QoN iljWdy rhy sn[ 10 Agsq ƒ AYfISnl AYs. pI. pulIs AYs.jI.AYm. bItI (S.G.M. Beaty) gurU dw bwZ phuμicAw Aqy mhμq koloN ilKqI iSkwieq lY leI[ iesy idn 8 Agsq ƒ igR&qwr kIqy is`KW ƒ kwhlI ivc Cy mhIny dI kYd qy 50 rupey jurmwnw vI kr id`qw igAw[

gurU dw bwg ’c is`KW dI zwlmwnw mwr-kut SurU
ies mgroN vI is`K l`kV k`tdy rhy sn pr 22 Agsq 1922 dy idn srkwr ny l`kV k`tx vwly is`KW ƒ Pyr igR&qwr krnw SurU kr id`qw[ 24 Agsq qk 180 igR&qwrIAW ho cu`kIAW sn[ 25 Agsq ƒ 30 hor is`K igR&qwr kIqy gey[ 25 Agsq ƒ jdoN 136 is`KW dw jQw gurU kw bwg igAw qW pulIs ny is`KW ƒ igR&qwr krn dI QW ku`txw SurU kr id`qw[ qkrIbn 100 is`KW ƒ pulIs ny vihSIAwxw qrIky nwl fWgw mwr-mwr ky burI qrHW z^mI kr id`qw[ 26 Agsq ƒ 40 isμG gurU gRμQ swihb dw srUp nwl lY ky gurU dw bwZ v`l gey[ aus idn vI puils ny is`KW ƒ bydrdI nwl fWgW nwl ku`itAw Aqy burI qrHW GsIitAw[ iesy idn pulIs ny s:b: mihqwb isμG, j: jsvμq isμG bI.ey., nrYx isμG bYirstr, pRo: swihb isμG, mw: qwrw isμG, srmuK isμG Jbwl, qyjw isμG cUhVkwxw, rvyl isμG vgYrw ƒ vI igRPqwr kr ilAw[

26 qwrI^ ƒ ikhr isμG p`tI mhμq ƒ imly qy aus ƒ smJw ky rsqy ’qy lY AWdw[ jdoN mhμq mμn igAw qW aus ƒ pulIs A&sr bItI Aqy qihsIldwr dy swhmxy krvw id`qw igAw[ smJOqy dI ^br ’qy bItI ny ^uSI dy iezhwr dw idKwvw kIqw Aqy ikhr isμG ƒ AwpxI kwr ivc C`f ky Awaux dI pySkS kIqI[ turn qoN pihlW ikhr isμG ny AwiKAw ik mYN vI l`kV k`tx dI pμQk syvw ’c ih`sw pwauxw cwhvWgw[ ieh kih ky aunHW bwZ iv`coN QoVHI ijhI l`kV k`tI Aqy lμgr ivc iljw ky r`K id`qI[ ies mgroN auh AμimRqsr cly gey[ Sihr ’c jwx qoN pihlW qihsIldwr ikhr isμG ƒ ifptI kimSnr dI koTI ’qy lY igAw[ ifptI kimSnr mhμq qy bwbw jI ivc hoey smJOqy ’qy bVw KuS hoieAw[ jdoN dovyN fI.sI. dy d&qr ’coN inkly qW fI.sI. ny bwbw jI ƒ ikhw ik quhwfI igR&qwrI dy vwrμt jwrI kr id`qy gey hn qy ibhqr hY ik qusIN AμimRqsr dI bjwie gurU dw bwZ ivc jw ky igR&qwrI idE[ fI.sI. dI g`l sux ky qihsIldwr vI cONk igAw ikauNik smJOqw krvwaux dI kwrvweI ivc auh vI Swiml sI[ ^Yr, bwbw jI vwips gurU dw bwZ gey Aqy igR&qwrI dy id`qI[

27 Agsq ƒ gurU dw bwZ gey jQy ƒ rsqy ivc fWgw mwr-mwr ky burI qrHW z^mI kr id`qw igAw[ gurU dw bwZ jwx vwlIAW swrIAW sVkW dI nwkwbμdI kr id`qI geI[ nwl dy ipμfW ivc vI is`KW dy ihmwieqIAW dI vI ku`t-mwr kIqI geI Aqy aunHW qoN lμgr qy rsd-pwxI vI Koh ilAw igAw[ hor qW hor Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr dw iek pRo&Ysr, jo pirvwr sxy gurduAwrw gurU dw bwZ v`l jw irhw sI, ƒ AOrqW dy swhmxy burI qrHW ku`itAw igAw[ AμimRqsr jwx vwlIAW g`fIAW Aqy motrW ƒ rok ky is`KW ƒ auqwirAw igAw Aqy jW qW aunHW ƒ igR&qwr kIqw igAw jW vwips Byj id`qw igAw[ AμimRqsr dy Awly-duAwly, dUr-dUr qk, sVkW, pulW Aqy p`qxW ’qy pulIs qweInwq kr id`qI geI[ ies ku`tmwr dw ieMcwrj AYs. jI. AYm. bItI (Beaty)* sI ijs nUM AYs. pI. pulIs mYk&rsn ny ies ifaUtI ‘qy qweInq kIqw hoieAw sI[

*bwAd ivc ies bItI nUM mlyrkotlw dy nvwb ny pulIs dw muKI bxw id`qw sI[ au~QoN htey jwx mgroN auh hrnwmI nW dI iek AOrq nwl rihx lg ipAw[ 27 jUn 1940 dy idn krqwr isMG qy bcn isMG ny aus dy Gr jw ky aus nUM cwlwkI nwl kql kr id`qw[ ies kys ivcoN ieh dovyN qW brI ho gey pr iksy hor kys ivc auh 1952 qk pitAwly ivc kYd rhy[

ienHW s^qIAW dy bwvjUd is`K AμimRqsr phuμcdy rhy Aqy hr roz Akwl q^q swihb qoN is`KW dw iek jQw gurU dw bwZ ƒ jWdw irhw[ ies qoN ielwvw iek Cotw jQw l`kV k`tx vwsqy vI ByijAw jWdw irhw[ pulIs dohW hI j`iQAW dy is`KW ƒ bydrdI nwl fWgW nwl ku`tdI Aqy audoN qk fWgW vrHwauNdI rihμdI sI jdoN qk iek-iek is`K byhoS nhIN ho jWdw sI[ SurU-SurU ivc qW fwktrW Aqy &st eyf vwilAW ƒ vI &`tVW dy nyVy jwx nhIN sI id`qw jWdw, hwlW ik aunHW kol fI.sI. dw iejwzq-nwmw vI huμdw sI[ pr mgroN ies dI iejwzq dy id`qI geI[ &`tVW dy ielwj vwsqy iqμn hspqwlW ivc ieμqzwm kIqw igAw sI[

31 Agsq qoN rozwnw iek sO is`KW dw jQw Akwl q^q swihb qoN gurU dw bwZ jwx l`g ipAw[ ies jQy dy nwl iek AYNbUlYNs vI hoieAw krdI sI[ ies jQy ƒ rwh ivc rwjwsWsI, CInw qy gumtwlw pu`l ’qy rok ilAw jWdw Aqy lwTIAW mwr-mwr ky hr iek ƒ byhoS kr id`qw jWdw[ jdoN swry is`K byhoS ho jWdy qW pulIs aunHW ƒ vwlW qoN PVH ky, DUh ky, ickV vwly toieAW ivc su`t idAw krdI sI[ ies mgroN mYfIkl tIm AwpxI kwrvweI SurU kirAw krdI sI[ ienHW swry z^mIAW ƒ AμimRqsr iljwieAw jWdw Aqy SRomxI kmytI v`loN clwey hspqwlW ’c dwi^l kIqw jWdw[ z^mIAW dy ielwj ’qy SRomxI kmytI dw rozwnw ^rc 2000 rupey qoN vDyry sI[

ies swrI kwrvweI ƒ bhuq swry lok vyKx AwauNdy sn Aqy iek AmrIkn pwrtI ny qW ies mwrkutweI dI i&lm vI iqAwr kIqI sI[ kYptn ey.AYl.vrgIs dI ies i&lm dw nW sI “AYksklUisv ipkcr Aw& ieMfIAwz mwritArfMm”[ mgroN brqwnvI srkwr ny koiSS kIqI ik ieh i&lm CwieAw nw kIqI jwvy pr vrgIz nw mMinAw[ (hom, polItIkl, nMbr 71 Aw& 1923)[ ieh i&lm iesy vYbsweIt ’qy vyKI jw skdI hY[

is`KW ’qy zulm dIAW ^brW pμjwb, ihμdusqwn qy pRdysW ivc vI phuμc rhIAW sl Aqy swry pwsy ies dI zbrdsq muzMmq (inMdw) ho rhI sI[

3 sqμbr 1922 dy idn CInw pul ’qy pμfq mdn mohn mwlvIAw, sr joigμdrw isμG, qkrIbn 20 isrkrdw AkwlI AwgU, pμjwb kONsl dy kuJ mYNbr, cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy AwgU Aqy kuJ hor S^sIAqW pu`jIAW Aqy aunHW ny jQy ƒ Awpxy A`KIN vyiKAw[ auh Swm qoN rwq swFy A`T vjy qk au~Qy rhy[ aunHW ƒ disAw igAw ik jQy ƒ rwq vyly ku`t-mwr nhIN kIqI jwvygI[ ies ’qy ieh swry mohqbr S^s au~QoN cly gey[ ijauN hI auh A`KoN Ehly hoey pulIs ny is`KW ƒ iPr byqhwSw ku`txw SurU kr id`qw Aqy fWgW vrHwauNdI rhI[ mgroN ienHW iv`coN kuJ ƒ GsIt ky pwxI dy iek Kwly ivc su`t id`qw igAw[ do sqμbr qoN qW pulIs ny fWgW dy nwl nwl frμm vI lY AWdy sn qy ienHW ƒ is`KW dy isr, mUμh Aqy ijsm qy mwr mwr ky byhoS kIqw jWdw sI[ pulIs ny is`KW ƒ mwrn vwsqy Aμgryz pulIs qy ihμdUsqwnI pulIs qoN ielwvw ku`J muslmwn, pTwx hor qy bdmwS vI BwVy ’qy r`K ley sn[ pulIs dI ies kut-mwr qy zulm dIAW irportW dunIAW Br dy A^bwrW ivc Cp rhIAW sn[ cwr sqμbr qoN qW pulIs ny jQy dI ku`t-mwr vyKx vwilAW ƒ vI ku`txw mwrnw SurU kr id`qw[ ieh kwrvweI 9 sqμbr qk cldI rhI[ jdoN pulIs ny mihsUs kIqw ik dihSq nwl is`KW ƒ htwieAw nhIN jw skdw qW pulIs ny is`KW dy jiQAW ƒ gurU dw bwZ dy rwh ivc rokxw bμd kr id`qw[ 9 sqμbr qoN ku`t-mwr dI kwrvweI isr& gurU dw bwZ ivc hox l`g peI[ ie`Qy vI bhuq swry AwgU Aw ky is`KW ’qy ho rhy zulm ƒ A`pxy A`KIN vyKdy sn[ ies zulm dI hr pwisEN bVI muzμmq hoeI[ ies sbμD ivc iek jlsw 10 sqμbr ƒ jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc hoieAw[ ies ivc bhuq swry AwgUAW ny qkrIrW kIqIAW Aqy srkwr dy zulm dI zbrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI[

ienHIN idnIN hI pulIs ny gurU dw bwZ dy Awly-duAwly dy KyqW ivc kμm krdy is`KW ƒ vI Awpxy zulm dw iSkwr bxwieAw[ ies srkwrI zulm nwl ShId hox vwly pihly do isμG Bgq isμG qy qwrw isμG (bwp qy bytw) sn, ijnHW ƒ ipμf qyrw dy KyqW ivc ShId kIqw igAw; puls dy zulm nwl hoey z^mW kwrn Bgq isMG 4 sqMbr nUM cVHweI kr igAw; aus dy pu`qr qwrw isMG dI mOq 17 sqMbr nUM hoeI[ ienHW ‘qy ieh doS lwieAw igAw ik ieh sMgqW nUM rsd phuMcwieAw krdy sn[ ies dIAW dyhW dy sskwr smy hzwrW sMgqW Swiml hoeIAW[

12 sqμbr ƒ mShUr eIsweI pwdrI sI.AY&. AYNfiraUz (jo AYNglIkn crc dw pRcwrk sI qy 1904 qoN klk`qw ivc rih irhw sI) AμimRqsr AwieAw[ aus ny AμimRqsr dy hspqwlW ivc gurU dw bwZ morcy dy P`tVW dI hwlq vyKI[ Swm vyly auh gurU dw bwZ ivc pu`ijAw[ aus ny au~Qy gurduAwry dy drSn kIqy[ aus ny is`KW ’qy pulIs dw zulm AwpxIAW A`KW nwl vyiKAw[ aus ny ies mwr-kutweI nUM “hYvwnIAq BrI, jWglI, iGxwauxI, buzidlwxw, iek AMgryz vwsqy nwmMnxXog kwrvweI Aqy ieMglYNf dI rUhwnI hwr” ikhw[ (hom pulItIkl 914/[[/1922)[ aus ny ikhw ik “mYnUM jwpdw sI ik gurU dw bwZ ivc hzwrW eIsw msIh sUlI ’qy cVHwey jw rhy hn[”

auh Agly idn 13 sqμbr ƒ pμjwb dw gvrnr AμimRqsr AwieAw[ AYNfiraUz ny gvrnr ƒ iml ky gurU kw bwZ ’c pulIs dy zulm bwry g`lbwq kIqI[ aus idn gvrnr Awp gurU dw bwZ igAw[ aus nwl pμjwb kONsl dy kuJ mYˆbr vI sn[ ies mgroN gvrnr ny is`K jiQAW dI ku`t-mwr bμd krvw id`qI Aqy hukm jwrI kIqw ik A`gy qoN ienHW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw jwvy[
BwvyN 13 sqμbr qoN jiQAW dI zwhrw ku`t-mwr bμd ho geI pr pulIs Pyr vI iek`ly-duk`ly is`K ƒ fWgW dw iSkwr bxwauNdI rhI[ hor qW hor pulIs ny keI is`KW qoN swmwn qy rkmW vI KohIAW Aqy ieh swrIAW kwrvweIAW sYNkVy lokW dI hwzrI ivc huμdIAW rhIAW[

13 sqμbr qoN bwAd gurU dw bwZ jwx vwly jiQAW ƒ ku`tx-mwrn dI bjwie igR&qwr krnw SurU kr id`qw igAw[ SurU-SurU ivc hr roz 20 is`KW dw jQw igR&qwrI dyNdw irhw pr mgroN ieh igxqI 30, Pyr 40, qy bwAd ivc 60 kr id`qI geI[ 28 sqμbr qoN ieh igxqI 80 Aqy iPr 100 rozwnw kr id`qI geI[ 10 AkqUbr qoN hr roz 100 is`KW dw jQw igR&qwrI dyNdw irhw[ 20 AkqUbr qk 2500 dy krIb igR&qwrIAW ho cu`kIAW sn[ morcy vwsqy igR&qwrIAW dyx vwsqy is`KW ivc bhuq auqSwh sI[ ieh vyK ky srkwr ny AYlwn kIqw ik auh jylHW ivc 10000 is`KW ƒ r`Kx vwsqy ieμqzwm kr rhI hY pr srkwr dw ieh ibAwn drAsl iek frwvw hI sI qy ies dw koeI Asr nw hoieAw[ srkwr dy ies AYlwn dw sgoN iek aultw Asr ieh hoieAw ik is`KW ivc srkwr vwsqy gu`sy ivc vwDw hoieAw qy igR&qwrIAW dyx vwilAW dI igxqI ’c hor vwDw hox l`g ipAw[ hor qW hor irtwierf &OjI vI igR&qwrIAW dyx leI AμimRqsr pu`jxy SurU ho gey[ 25 AkqUubr ƒ irtwierf sUbydwr myjr Amr isμG dI jQydwrI hyT 101 isμGW dy jQy ny igR&qwrI id`qI[ Amr isμG 23 swl dI nOkrI mgroN irtwier hoey sn[ aunHW ƒ do swl dI kYd suxweI geI[ ies mgroN iek hor jQw 12 nvμbr ƒ irswldwr rxjoD isμG dI AgvweI hyT igR&qwr hoieAw[

srkwr ny iPr hwr mMnI
jdoN srkwr ny vyiKAw ik AkwlI lihr ’c swbk &OjI vI igR&qwrIAW dyx l`g pey hn qW srkwr ny morcy ƒ ^qm krvwaux dw soicAw[ 17 nvμbr 1922 qk 5605 is`K igR&qwr kIqy jw cu`ky sn[ ienHW ivc SRomxI kmytI dy 35 mYNbr vI Swiml sn[ srkwr ny morcy qoN Cutkwrw pwaux vwsqy bhwnw l`Bxw SurU kr id`qw[ (hom pulItIkl, &weIl nM: 914/[[/1922)[ A^Ir srkwr ny gurU dw bwZ gurduAwry dI zmIn rwey bhwdr gμgw rwm ƒ mhμq koloN ‘kwgzW ivc’ Tyky ’qy idvw id`qI[ ies mgroN gμgw rwm ny srkwr ƒ ilK ky dy id`qw ik aus ƒ pulIs dI mdd dI zrUrq nhIN[ ies ’qy pulIs au~QoN ht geI Aqy igR&qwrIAW bμd ho geIAW[

gurU dw bwZ dy zulmW dw crcw dunIAW Br ivc hoieAw[ bygunwh is`KW dI ku`t-mwr bwry ^brW swry pwsy CpIAW[ pVqwlIAw kmytI dI irport muqwibk 1656 is`KW ƒ mwr-ku`t nwl s`tW l`gIAW[ ienHW s`tW ivcoN keI qyz hiQAwrW, coBW Aqy bμdUk dy b`tW dy P`t vI sn[ pulIs dIAW fWgW dy DV qoN aupr 369, CwqI qy 300, idmwg Aqy isr ’qy 75, nlW ivc 19, pqwlU ’qy 60 s`tW dy inSwn sn[ ies qoN ielwvw h`fIAW qy dμd tu`tx, ipSwb dI qklI&, Aμg auqrx Aqy hor s`tW dy vI bhuq swry kys sn[

gurU dw bwg morcy ivc bhuq swry is`KW nUM gu`JIAW s`tW l`gIAW[ sqMbr 1922 ivc SRomxI kmytI ny gurU dw bwg ivc ku`tmwr dy z^mIAW dI iek ilst jwrI kIqI[ ies ivc 829 is`KW dy nW sn ijnHW ivcoN AMimRqsr dy 10, lwhOr dy 135. gurdwspur dy 109, jlMDr dy 102, huiSAwrpur dy 93, kpUrQlw dy 32, luiDAwxw dy 11, &Irozpur dy 6 Aqy bwkI hor izilHAW dy sn[ (vyKo: pRqwp isMG, AkwlI lihr, s&y 240 qoN 273, 1951 dI AYfISn)[

ies morcy ivc bhuq swry is`K ShId vI hoey[ ienHW ShIdW ivc iek ipRQIpwl isμG (jQydwr AkwlI jQw lwielpur) vI sI, jo 5 sqμbr dI mwr-ku`t nwl s^q z^mI ho igAw sI[ aus dy ijsm qy 100 qoN v`D z^mW dy inSwn sn[ ieh sI gurU dw bwZ morcy ’c srkwrI zulmW dI dwsqwn Aqy is`KW dIAW kurbwnIAW dI qvwrI^[ A^Ir ieh morcw vI is`KW ny Swn nwl &qih kIqw[

pμjw swihb rylvy stySn dw swkw
jdoN gurU dw bwZ dw morcw l`gw qW izAwdw igR&qwrIAW hox kwrn jylHW ivc jgh G`t geI[ ies kwrn kYdIAW ƒ dUjIAW jylHW ivc ByijAw jwxw SurU ho igAw[ Aijhw iek jQw g`fI rwhIN rwvlipμfI qoN Atk jylH ivc ByijAw igAw[ rsqy ivc pμjw swihb (hsn Abdwl) dw stySn pYNdw sI[ au~QoN dIAW sμgqW ny &Yslw kIqw ik g`fI ƒ stySn ’qy rok ky jQy ƒ lμgr pwxI Ckwaux dI syvw kIqI jwvy[ stySn mwstr ny sμgqW ƒ iejwzq dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI[
sμgqW ny vI &Yslw kr ilAw ik lμgr Ckwey ibnW g`fI nhIN lμGx id`qI jwvygI[ im`Qy idn, 30 AkqUbr 1922 ƒ, g`fI AweI[ sμgqW rylvy lweIn au~qy hI lyt geIAW[ ryl g`fI kuJ is`KW dy au~qoN dI lμG geI pr ruk geI[ ies mOky ’qy BweI prqwp isμG qy BweI krm isμG ShId ho gey[ ienHW qoN ielwvw keI hor is`KW dy Aμg k`ty gey[ ies mgroN g`fI Gμtw svw Gμtw rukI rhI[ ^Un hI ^Un vyK ky kYdI is`KW ny vI prSwdw Ckx qoN nWh kr id`qI pr A^Ir sμgqW dy zor dyx ’qy QoVHw bhuq Aμn Ck ilAw[

mukqsr ’qy kbzw
gurU dw bwZ ’c pμQ dI kwmXwbI mgroN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI ny keI hor gurduAwirAW ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ ienHW ivcoN sB qoN Aihm sn mukqsr Aqy Anμdpur swihb dy gurduAwry[ 17 PrvrI 1923 dy idn qyjw isμG smuμdrI Aqy kYptn rwm isμG dI AgvweI ivc 100 is`KW dy iek jQy ny mukqsr phuμc ky ie`QoN dy gurduAwirAW dI syvw vI sμBwl leI[ ies mOky ’qy mhμqW ny t`kr lYx qoN guryz kIqw[ 19 &rvrI dy idn is`KW ny lμgr dI iemwrq Aqy buμigAW ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ mukqsr dy ies muK gurduAwry qoN ielwvw gurduAwrw qμbU swihb dy pujwrIAW srmuK isμG qy AnoK isμG ny Awpxy Awp hI gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm SRomxI kmytI ƒ sONp idqw[ SRomxI kmytI ny dljIq isμG (aurP rwey isμG kwauxI) ƒ ie`QoN dw mYnyjr bxw id`qw[ ie`Qy vI srkwr ny mhμqW ƒ aukswaux dI koiSS kIqI pr mhμqW ny bwkI gurduAwirAW dy moricAW ivc hornW mhμqW dw hSr A`KIN vyK ilAw sI, ies kr ky aunHW ny iSkwieq ilK ky dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI[

jylH ivc KVk isMG dI p`g lwhI, nMgy ipMfy rihxw SurU kIqw
ienHIN idnIN KVk isMG fyrw ZwzI ^wn jylH ivc bMd sI[ ies jylH ivc is`KW nUM dsqwr pihxn dI iejwzq sI[ 22 jnvrI 1923 dy idn jylH suprfYNt ny is`KW nUM bwrkW ivc bMd kr ky nMbrdwr qy vwrfn mMgvw ky zbrdsqI is`K kYdIAW dIAW dsqwrW luhw leIAW[ jd KVk isMG dI dsqwr KohI geI qW aunHW ny Awpxy kCihry nUM C`f ky swry kpVy lwh ky suprfYNt nUM PVw id`qy[ ies mgroN 13 hor kYdIAW ny vI kpVy lwh id`qy qy ikhw ik AsIN audoN hI kpVy pwvWgy jdoN swnUM dsqwrW imlxgIAW[ ieh 13 sn: Amr isMG Jbwl, jsvMq isMG Jbwl, gMfw isMG knyfIAn huiSAwrpur, sMqoK isMG ividAwrQI, aUDm isMG huiSAwrpurI, su`cw isMG igAwnI, hridq isMG, pRqwp isMG, ikSn isMG hkIm, dlIp isMG, s`Xd mOlwnw muhMmd iesmweIl ZznvI, polo rwm AnMdpurI qy kwSI rwm ihswrI[ (AkwlI qy prdysI, 29 jnvrI 1923, vyKo: aus A^bwr dy s&y dI qsvIr ies ikqwb ivc hI)[ ies qoN bwAd KVk isMG iqMn swl qoN vD jylH ivc rhy Aqy ijsm ’qy koeI kpVw nw pwieAw[ auh jylH ivcoN kCihry nwl hI irhw hoey[ (vyKo: bwbw KVk isMG dI irhweI qoN iek dm bwAd dI jylH dy drvwzy ‘qy qsvIr ies ikqwb ivc hI)[

Anμdpur swihb ’qy kbzw
Anμdpur swihb Aqy kIrqpur swihb dy gurduAwirAW au~qy soFI pirvwr dw kbzw sI[ auN\ auh SRomxI kmytI dI mu^wl&q vI nhIN krdy sn[ 15 mwrc 1923 dy idn jQydwr mUlw isμG dI AgvweI ivc is`KW ny Anμdpur swihb Aqy kIrqpur swihb dy gurduAwirAW ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[

ApRYl 1923 dy dUjy A`D ivc AμimRqsr ivc iek mOky ’qy ihμdUAW qy muslmwnW ivc &swd dI nObq Aw geI[ dohW pwisAW qoN zbrdsq nukswn ho jwx dy Awswr bx gey[ ies mOky ’qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dy AwgUAW ny bVw Aihm rol Adw kIqw Aqy &swd hoxoN rok ilAw[ 22 ApRYl ƒ srkwr ny is`KW dy ies rol dI bVI qwrI& kIqI Aqy ies bhwny nwl swry AkwlI kYdI irhw krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw 29 ApRYl qoN 3 meI 1923 qk qkrIbn swry 1400 AkwlI kYdI irhw kr id`qy gey[

AMimRqsr (srovr) dI kwr syvw
SRomxI kmytI dy AwgUAW qy vrkrW dIAW irhweIAW nwl is`KW ivc bVw joS viDAw[ pr ies dw iek nukswn ieh vI hoieAw ik kuJ joSIly is`K KrUd mcwaux dIAW hrkqW vI kr l`g pey[ keIAW ny burCw-grdI dw iezhwr vI kIqw[ ie`QoN qk ik keI mncly is`K ryl g`fI dw s&r krn vyly itktW vI nhIN lYNdy sn[ jdoN Aijhy bμidAW dI igxqI bhuq huμdI sI qW itkt cY~kr vI bybs ho ky cu`p rihμdy sn[ pr ies swry dIAW ^brW nwl AkwlIAW dw Aks ^rwb ho irhw sI[ AkwlI AwgUAW ny A^bwrW rwhIN Aqy gurduAwirAW dy dIvwnW ivc ieh hrkqW rokx vwsqy ApIlW vI kIqIAW pr Acwnk ieh swrw mwhOl audoN bdl igAw jdoN SRomxI kmytI ny &Yslw kIqw ik AμimRqsr srovr dI kwr syvw 17 jUn 1923 dy idn SurU kIqI jwey[ ies nwl is`KW dw iDAwn, joS qy qwkq ies pwsy l`g geI[ l`KW is`K kwr syvw ’c ih`sw pwaux Awey[ swrI kwr syvw 20-22 idn ivc hI pUrI ho geI[ 9 julweI ƒ srovr ivc dobwrw pwxI Br id`qw igAw[

sony dIAW khIAW nwl kwr syvw dw ivroD
ies mOky ’qy, kwr syvw SurU krn dI rsm vyly, t`k lwaux vwsqy sony dIAW bxIAW pμj khIAW vrqIAW jwx dw AYlwn hoieAw sI[ sony dIAW khIAW vrqxw mnmiq qy bRwhmxI krm-kWf sI, ijs qoN gurU swihb ny s^qI nwl vrijAw hoieAw hY[ ies msly ’qy SRomxI kmytI, SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy Akwl q^q swihb dy muK syvwdwr ivc &rk Aw igAw[ ies vyly AkwlI dl dy pRDwn blvMq isMG sUbydwr sn, Akwl q^q swihb dy (swbkw) muK syvwdwr qyjw isMG Bu`cr sn qy SRomxI kmytI dy pRDwn suMdr isMG rwmgVHIAw muK AwgU sn[ sony dIAW khIAW vrqx ip`Cy v`fw rol suMdr isMG rwmgVHIAw dw sI, ijhVw ik srkwr Aqy bRwhmxW dy nyVy sI[ blvMq isMG sUbydwr Aqy qyjw isMG Bu`cr ies mnmiq dy i^lw& sn[ A^Ir blvMq isMG sUbydwr ny vI hiQAwr su`t id`qy pr qyjw isMG Bu`cr AsUl ’qy AiVAw irhw[

Bu`cr ny sony dIAW khIAW nwl kwr syvw SurU kIqy jwx qoN do idn pihlW (2 hwV nUM) syvw SurU krn dw AYlwn kIqw[ pr v`fy iek`T dI QW ’qy kuJ iek bMidAW nUM nwl lY ky aus ny im`Qy idn rsmI qOr ’qy sony dIAW khIAW nwl ‘audGwtn’ dy vkq qoN A`Dw GMtw pihlW Awpxy 2-3 swQIAW nwl drbwr swihb pu`j ky gwr k`FxI SurU kr id`qI[ aus dy sItI mwrn ’qy aus dy hor bhuq swry swQI vI pu`j gey qy kuJ icr kwr syvw krn mgroN cly gey[

SRomxI kmytI dI iek hor mnmq
ies dOrwn CbIl dy syvwdwr CbIl bMd kr ky cly gey (jW SRomxI kmytI dy AwgUAW ny tor id`qy) qy Bu`cr dy jQy dy ipAwsy is`K srovr coN hI pwxI pI ky cly gey[ ies sbMD ivc ‘pMjwb drpx’ A^bwr dI it`pxI sI: “ipAws qoN duKI ho ky DOx auVw ky jwnvrW vWg AMimRq srovr ivc jl pwn kr ky Awpxw bymuKqweI dw iek hor sbUq id`qw[” (vyKo: ‘pMjwb drpn‘ dI 22-29 jUn 1923 dI irporitMg, ies ikqwb ivc hI)[auN\ ieh it`pxI vI AjIb sI[ kI CbIl bMd krnw is`KI sI? kI srovr coN pwxI pIxw jwnvrW vwlI kwrvweI hY? kI sony dIAW khIAW jwiez/gurmiq sn?

SRomxI kmytI ’qy kwbz gru`p dy kuJ AwgUAW Aqy Bu`cr dy ^ws mu^wil&W ny ies dI zbrdsq inMdw kIqI[ SRomxI kmytI dy iejlws ivc mnmiq dy i^lw& AYkSn krn kr ky, Bu`cr Aqy srn isMG jnrl sk`qr gVg`j AkwlI j`Qw) nUM qn^whIAw krwr id`qw igAw[

SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI nvIN cox
SRomxI kmytI dI pihlI cox 15-16 nvMbr 1920 dy idn hoeI sI[ aus mgroN dUjI cox do swl mgroN 1922 dI nvMbr ivc hoxI sI pr moricAW kwrn Aijhw nw ho sikAw[ 9 julweI 1923 dy idn AMimRqsr srovr dI kwr syvw ^qm hox mgroN nvIN cox krvwaux dI kwrvweI SurU hoeI[ ies cox ivc 268 mYNbr cuxy gey qy 60 nwmzd hoey (ienHW dy nW AkwlI qy prdysI, 22, 23, 29 julweI qy 1 Agsq 1923 ivc Cpy sn)[:

AMimRqsr izlHw: dwn isMG vCoAw, Amr isMG Jbwl, surYx isMG sUbydwr iC`fx, sohx isMG joS cyqnpur, guridAwl isMG rwjwsWsI, srmuK isMG Jbwl (auh lwielpur qoN vI cuixAw igAw sI ies kr ky aus dI QW ’qy aus dw Brw jsvMq isMG Jbwl ilAw igAw), sMqw isMG jQydwr, rvyl isMG AMimRqsr Sihr, sohx isMG KfUr swihb, sujwn isMG srhwlI, inrMjn isMG Kwlsw kwlj, mihqwb isMG qrnqwrn, drSn isMG PyrUmwn, suMdr isMG kot muhMmd ^wn, jvwhr isMG burj, suMdr isMG vyrkw[
izlHw jlMDr: cMnx isMG SMkr, bwl isMG bIr ipMf, aUDm isMG jMfU isMGw, cMcl isMG jMifAwlw, hrI isMG jlMDrI (Sihr), Bwg isMG au~pl BUpw, mnsw isMG kotlw sUrj m`l, nigMdr isMG kMdolw, fw: nMd isMG norw, Pu`mx isMG klyr[
izlHw jyhlm: jY isMG FuiFAwl, mihqwb isMG vhwlI, mUl isMG fumylI, hrbMs isMG sIsqwnI[
irAwsq pitAwlw: krqwr isMG dIvwnw, pRo: hrbMs isMG Kwlsw kwlj, jvwlw isMG ipMf lwlV, syvw isMG TIkrIvwlw, mihMdr isMG hMswlI srhMd, rqn isMG Azwd AYfItr pMjwb drpn, blvMq isMG cnwrQl, Syr isMG TIkrIvwlw, kpqwn rwm isMG sunwm[
irAwsq kpUrQlw: Amr isMG DwlIvwl iFlvW, Twkur isMG fumylI, pRqwp isMG PgvwVw, mihMdr isMG iFlvW[
izlHw gujrwq: pRDwn isMG Tykydwr, nwrwiex isMG, sohx isMG c`k nMbr 26 qihsIl PwlIAw, suMdr isMG jwgo Bwgo qihsIl KwrIAW[
izlHw gujrWvwlw: Awsw isMG FMfwlI, AmrIk isMG cUnyvwlw, sMq isMG kiVAwl, virAwm isMG grmUlw, Avqwr isMG bYirstr, nirMjn isMG qwnsYn vrks, ipRMsIpl qyjw isMG[
irAwsq nwBw: jIvn isMG DnOlw, au~qm isMG ipMf rUpw, srdwrw isMG BOlIAw, kyhr isMG bhwvl mwjrw[
izlHw imMtgumrI: igAwn isMG jQydwr, hukm isMG vkIl, jYikSn isMG kmwlIAw, mohr isMG imMtgumrI, jlvMq isMG mIq jQydwr[
izlHw Sy^Upurw: l`Kw isMG kurlky, sohx isMG sk`qr, sOdwgr isMG mwlovwl, idAwl isMG inzwmpurw, ieMdr isMG mur`bw 42 fwkKwnw corWvwlw, bUtw isMG vkIl, Syr isMG kot ipMfI vws[
izlHw AMbwlw: gurb^S isMG vkIl AMbwlw, kroVw isMG mVolI, hrI isMG cknolI, surqw isMG ikSnpurw kurwlI, krqwr isMG nwhrpur, qyjw isMG mnOlI[
izlHw luiDAwxw: mihMdr isMG isDvW Kurd, b^SIS isMG reIs Bum`dI, rxbIr isMG kwauNky, guridq isMG bihlolpurI, Drm isMG bI.ey. skUl PlvwlIAw, joigMdr isMG vkIl rwiepurIAw, suMdr isMG Gumwx, mMgl isMG ig`l AYfItr AkwlI, hrnwm isMG syKw[
izlHw &Irozpur: rwey isMG, joigMdr isMG v`fw G`l, qwrw isMG mogw, hrnwm isMG kbrv`Cw, ieMdr isMG BweI kw vwVw, drbwr isMG m`lx, prjw isMG mihrwj, ikrpwl isMG rofy, guridAwl isMG iBMfr klW, fw: blvMq isMG[
irAwsq mlyrkotlw: blbIr isMG koDrwnI, Amr isMG igAwnI ipMf Dxy[
irAwsq jINd: jsvMq isMG[ irAwsq &rIdkot: kyhr isMG[
izlHw isAwlkot: Bgq isMG psrUr, gurcrn isMG isAwlkot, KVk isMG reIs, igAwn isMG, inrml isMG bI.ey., ^zwn isMG ifptI[
irAwsq nwhn: lihxw isMG pwauNtw swihb[
izlHw ihswr: cMdw isMG reIs, hrnwm isMG ihswr[
irAwsq bhwvlpur: ikrpwl isMG[ mIrpur ^ws (isMD): virAwm isMG[
muz`&r gVH: gulwb isMG[ muz`&rwbwd: nrYx isMG[
izlHw huiSAwrpur: soFI pRIqm isMG, ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI, igAwnI rwm isMG mnweIAW, pRqwp isMG kot PqUhI, igAwnI bqn isMG, Twkur isMG iblwspur, dlIp isMG purhIrW, hridq isMG bjrUV, ikSn isMG mWgyvwl[
izlHw gurdwspur: vswvw isMG kot krm cMd, Bwg isMG vkIl, rxjoD isMG rMGV nMgl, qyjw isMG jQydwr S`krgVH, gurb^S isMG vswaUkot, qyjw isMG Alwvlpur, ikSn isMG nwno nMgl[
izlHw mulqwn: eISr isMG c`k 124-10 Awr, dlIp isMG jvMd vwlw[
mIrpur: srdwr isMG[
izlHw lwielpur: hwkm isMG c`k 204, iqRpq isMG jQydwr, qyjw isMG smuMdrI, virAwm isMG, gopwl isMG kOmI, bUtw isMG, jIvw isMG jVHWvwlw, mwstr suMdr isMG lwielpurI, surmuK isMG Jbwl (izlHw AMimRqsr qoN vI cuixAw sI), ipRQIpwl isMG c`k 52 mu`lWpur, mMgl isMG AYfItr AkwlI, hrcMd isMG reIs, rwjw isMG jVHWvwlw[ izlHw srgoDw: swDU isMG c`k 26, jmWdwr swihb isMG c`k 127, hvwldwr myjr jY isMG c`k 15, mwn isMG c`k 27, Avqwr isMG hFwlI klW, cODrI jYml isMG[
izlHw hzwrw: Bgq du`nw isMG AYbtwbwd, igAwn isMG AYbtwbwd, dIvwn isMG kot njIbu`lw[
izlHw id`lI: nwnk isMG, gurbcn isMG, AigAw isMG Tykydwr, rGbIr isMG imaUNspl ieMjnIAr, gurb^S isMG[
s`Kr (isMD): Awqmw isMG[
izlHw lwhOr: mw: ArUV isMG, Arj isMG mwVI kMbokI, qyjw isMG GivMf, vswvw isMG pUnwisMGvwlw, nMd isMG srhwlI (ksUr), &Ojw isMG BueyAwsl qihsIl cUnIAW, ieMdr isMG brkI, jgq isMG Kwrw qihsIl cUnIAW, virAwm isMG rweyklW luilAwxI, A`Cr isMG GxIeyNky, s:b: mihqwb isMG (auh srgoDw qoN vI cuixAw igAw sI ies kr ky aus dI QW ’qy jvwlw isMG reIs mYNbr ilAw igAw)[
jMmU: qIrQ isMG qihsIldwr[
izlHw rwvlipMfI: mwstr qwrw isMG, pRo: qyjw isMG, gopwl isMG swgrI, Bgq jsvMq isMG, blvMq isMG gujrKwn, jvMd isMG rwvlipMfI, igAwnI Syr isMG[
izlHw rohqk: sMq isMG reIs[
izlHw ipSwvr: rwjw isMG vkIl, jgq isMG nwrMg, jY isMG Tykydwr[
izlHw kohwt: mihqwb isMG Tykydwr[ izlHw kYmlpur: hnvMqbIr isMG CwCI, hrnwm isMG pMjw swihb, Amr isMG AYfItr lwiel Zzt[
izlHw bMnU: virAwm isMG imaUNspl kimSnr, prym isMG[
fyrw iesmweIl ^wn: sohx isMG[
puxC: igAwnI buD isMG[ bMbeI: b^SI Arjn isMG[
rwiepur (sI.pI.): ikSn isMG[ iSmlw: Kym isMG[
izlHw JMg: su`Kw isMG Swh jIvxw, gulwb isMG[
Awgrw: suMdr isMG[ kwhnpur: ieMdr isMG[
sIsqwn: jgjIq isMG ckvwl[ bMgwl: rGbIr isMG, hrnwm isMG[
duzdwb: AmrIk isMG[ krwcI: sMq isMG[
drbwr swihb: &qih isMG hY~f grMQI[
Akwl q^q swihb: qyjw isMG[
ienHW qoN ielwvw ieh 60 mYNbr nwmzd hoey:
mUl isMG (inrmlw) sMq isMG gurmuKI pRcwrk, sMpUrn isMG (inrmlw), hrnw isMG (inrmlw) cOk bwbw swihb, mhMq jvwhr isMG im`Tw itvwxw, it`kw jsvMq
isMG bydI, bwvw aUDm isMG lwhOr, bwvw mnmohx isMG aUnw, bwvw srUp isMG lwhOr, rwm isMG bu`Fw d`l, (inhMg), sMq isMG kohwVkw (inhMg), rGbIr isMG CwvxI inhMgW (inhMg), hrw isMG inrMkwrI rwvlipMfI, gyNdw isMG (rmdwsI) c`k 27 srgoDw, crn isMG jMifAwlw (rmdwsI) jlMDr, Awqmw isMG goibMdgVH Sy^Upurw (rmdwsI), vIr isMG (mzhbI) gurdwspur, ^zwn isMG dwinAWvwlI (mzhbI) gurdwspur, jsvMq isMG sihxw luiDAwxw, Drm isMG (nwmDwrI) c`k 96, mIhW isMG (nwmDwrI) &Irozpur, Pqih isMG (nwmDwrI) mukqsr, jvwhr isMG pujwrI AMimRqsr, suMdr isMG btwlw, bwbw guridq isMG kwmwgwtwmwrU, bwvw hrikSn isMG pRo&Ysr, ikSn isMG jQydwr gurU rwmdws syvk jQw AMimRqsr, qyjw isMG rwmgVHIAw, fwktr Bgvwn isMG AMimRqsr, nrYx isMG bYirstr, mohn isMG vYd qrnqwrn, virAwm isMG sk`qr AMimRqsr, hIrw isMG nwrlI lwhOr, suMdr isMG rwgI, inrMjn isMG kMdovwlI, bwbw kyhr isMG p`tI, suMdr isMG rswldwr, rGbIr isMG bI.ey. AMimRqsr, qyjw isMG cUhVkwxw, su`cw isMG Krw sOdw, au~qm isMG kwrKwnydwr nwnkwxw swihb, jmWdwr swDU isMG bwhmxIvwlw lwielpur, hrI isMG lwielpur, hIrw isMG rwgI i&rUkw, cODrI rwm isMG sYdpurI, krm isMG cImw qihsIl i&lOr, Bwg isMG Kwlsw skUl huiSAwrpur, iekbwl isMG hY~fmwstr bwbw bkwlw, JMfw isMG p`qoky &Irozpur, gulwb isMG GolIAw Kurd &Irozpur, swihb isMG mIq sk`qr SRomxI kmytI (mgroN gurU gRMQ swihb drpx ilKx vwly), suMdr isMG hY~fmwstr gujrWvwlw, Amr isMG vwsU gujrwq, ikRpwl isMG ictwgWg bMgwl, pRqwp isMG swbkw AYfItr AkwlI, igAwnI hIrw isMG drd, pRo&Ysr lwl isMG luiDAwxw, b^SIS isMG kysgVH, rxjIq isMG qwjvr, igAwnI gurmuK isMG muswi&r[

jYqo dw morcw
ijs vyly gurduAwrw lihr SurU hoeI qW AMgryzI srkwr ny mhμqW dw swQ id`qw pr dUjy pwsy is`K rwijAW ny vI AkwlIAW dw iblkul swQ nw id`qw[ isr& nwBw dy mhwrwjy irpudmn isμG ny AkwlI lihr dI purzor hmwieq kIqI[ jdoN nwnkwxw swihb kqlyAwm dy i^lw& SRomxI kmytI ny ros idn mnwaux ihq kwly dsqwry sjwaux dI ApIl jwrI kIqI qW mhwrwjw nwBw ny qW Awp vI kwlI dsqwr sjweI Aqy nwnkwxw swihb sbμDI Ardws idn ’qy srkwrI Cu`tI vI kIqI[ AμgryzI srkwr ƒ ies nwl bVI qklI& hoeI ikauN ik srkwr qW kwlw dsqwrw sjwaux vwilAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ky szwvW dy rhI sI[ hwlW ik nvμbr 1920 ivc jdoN gurduAwrw rkwb gμj id`lI dI F`TI dIvwr muV auswrn vwsqy ‘ShIdI jQw’ id`lI iljwx dI qwrI^ dw AYlwn hoieAw qW ies mhwrwjw nwBw ny ivcolw bx ky dIvwr ausrvw ky srkwr ƒ muSkl ’coN k`F ilAw sI[ pr iPr vI srkwr ƒ nwBy dw mhwrwjw cuBdw hI irhw[

pitAwly dy rwjy BUipμdr isμG dy sbμD AμgryzW nwl bVy fUμGy sn[ aunHIN idnIN dohW irAwsqW ivc JgVy vwly nukiqAW bwry pVqwl krn vwsqy brqwnvI hkUmq ny Alwhbwd hweI kort dy iek j`j ƒ qweInwq kIqw hoieAw sI[ ies j`j ny cwr mhIny (jnvrI qoN ApRYl 1923) pVqwl kIqI Aqy jUn dy pihly h&qy AwpxI irport gvrnr jnrl kol pyS kr id`qI[

mgroN srkwr dy polItIkl eyjμt krnl imμcn ny ies ’qy ivcwr krn vwsqy mhwrwjw nwBw ƒ ksOlI bulwieAw[ dovyN jxy 5 jUn 1923 dy idn ksOlI ivc imly[ krnl imμcn ny mhwrwjw nwBw ƒ slwh id`qI ik irport ƒ m`dy-nzr r`KidAW aus ƒ cwhIdw hY ik auh Awp hI q^q C`f ky irAwsq ƒ Awpxy nwbwlg pu`qr dy hvwly kr dyvy[ ksOlI qoN muVn mgroN mhwrwjw nwBw qyjw isμG smuμdrI Aqy mwstr qwrw isμG ƒ imly Aqy swrI hwlq d`sI[ aunHW dohW ny mhwrwjy ƒ AsqI&w dyx qoN roikAw Aqy SRomxI kmytI vloN pUrI mdd dw vwAdw kIqw[ pr krnl imMcn bhuq cwlwk S^s sI[ aus ny Pyr mhwrwjy nwl mIitμg kIqI Aqy A^Ir 7 julweI 1923 dy idn mhwrwjy koloN q^q C`fx dy kwgz ’qy dsq^q krvw ley[ Agly idn hI imμcn Aμgryz POjW Aqy pUrw &OjI Amlw Aqy g`fIAW lY ky nwBy phuμc igAw qy irAwsq dw inzwm sμBwl ilAw[ mhwrwjw irpudmn isμG ƒ dyhrwdUn Byj id`qw igAw[

dohW rwijAW dy JgVy sbMDI SRomxI kmytI ny iek fYpUtySn vI ByijAw sI ijs ny mhwrwjw pitAwlw nwl mulwkwq kIqI pr nwBw rwjy ny ‘bImwr’ hox kwrn imlx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw (pMjwb drpx 22-29 jUn 1923, vyKo ies dI &oyto, ies ikqwb ivc hI) ies A^bwr muqwibk AYs.AYs. crn isMG ‘ShId’ ny pYsy lY ky nwBw dy swry rwz pitAwlw rwjw nUM d`s ky ZdwrI kIqI sI)[

mhwrwjw nwBw dy dyhrwdUn jwx mgroN srkwr ny AYlwn jwrI kIqw ik mhwrwjw ny AwpxI mrzI nwl g`dI C`fI hY[ pr AslIAq sB ƒ pqw sI[ iesy idn SRomxI kmytI ny AYlwn jwrI kr ky srkwr v`loN mhwrwjw ƒ g`dI qoN auqwrn dI zbrdSq mu^wl&q kIqI[ SRomxI kmytI ny ies dy i^lw& pRotYst krn vwsqy 29 julweI ƒ ‘Ardws idn’ vjoN mnwaux dw AYlwn kIqw[ ies idn hr pwsy dIvwn sjwey gey Aqy srkwr v`loN mhwrwjw nwBw ƒ g`dI qoN auqwrn dI zbrdsq muzμmq kIqI geI[ srkwr qoN mμg kIqI geI ik auh mhwrwjw ƒ vwips g`dI ’qy ibTwvy[ ies dOrwn 20 julweI ƒ srkwr ny pitAwly dy sYSn j`j ƒ AμimRqsr ByijAw Aqy AkwlIAW ƒ nwBw sbμDI kys dy swry kwgzwq idKwaux dI pySkS kIqI[ SRomxI kmytI dy AwgUAW ny ikhw ik jy kwgzwq TIk hoey qW AsIN rwjw nwBw dI bhwlI vwsqy j`dojihd nhIN krWgy[ (igAwnI pRqwp isMG, s&y 305-06)[

2 Agsq ƒ SRomxI kmytI ny gvrnr jnrl ƒ iek qwr ByjI Aqy mhwrwjw nwBw koloN g`dI C`fx dy kwZzW ’qy jbrI jW DmkI nwl dsq^q krvwaux dI pVqwl krvwaux vwsqy mμg kIqI[ srkwr ny SRomxI kmytI dI ies mμg dI pRvwh nw kIqI[ SRomxI kmytI dw jnrl iejlws 4 Agsq ƒ hoieAw, ijs ivc mhwrwjw nwBw dy htwey jwx bwry kwrvweI krn vwsqy SRomxI dI AYZzYkitv ƒ h`k dy id`qy gey[

ies sbμD ivc is`KW dw iek iek`T 27 Agsq ƒ jYqo ivc vI hoieAw[ ies dIvwn ivc mhwrwjw nwBw ƒ g`dI qoN auqwrn dI zbrdsq inMdw kIqI geI[ nwBw srkwr ny ies dIvwn ’c ih`sw lYx vwly is`K AwgUAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ SRomxI kmytI ny ienHW igR&qwrIAW dI s^q mu^wl&q kIqI qy nwl hI jYqo ivc 27 Agsq vwly dIvwn ƒ ‘‘jwrI r`Kx’’ dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ies dw mwAnw ieh sI ik jdoN qk is`K AwzwdI nwl Aqy AwpxI mrzI muqwibk dIvwn nhIN kr lYNdy, audoN qk dIvwn krn vwsqy AYjItySn cldI rhygI[ nwBw dI srkwr (ijs ƒ iek Aμgryz AYfminstrytr ivlsn jwhnstn clw irhw sI) ny is`KW ƒ dIvwn krn dI iejwzq nw id`qI[ ies kr ky AYjItySn SurU ho geI[

9 sqμbr ƒ ‘nwBw idn’ vjoN mnieAw igAw qy ies sbμD ivc iek jlUs k`iFAw igAw[ ies jlUs dy sbμD ivc 25 is`K igR&qwr ley gey[ ies mgroN 14 sqμbr ƒ gμgsr gurduAwry ivc iek AKμf pwT r`iKAw igAw[ Aμgryz &OjIAW ny gurduAwry ivc dwi^l ho ky pwT krdy gRμQI igAwnI ieμdr isμG smyq swry is`KW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ies ’qy swry pwsy zbrdsq roh pYdw hoieAw[

29 sqμbr 1923 dy idn SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dI iek mIitμg Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hoeI[ ies ivc jYqo dy gurduAwry ivc AKμf pwT ‘Kμfq’ krn dI zbrdsq inμdw kIqI geI Aqy mqw pws kIqw igAw ik is`K jQw jYqo jw ky AKμf pwT muV SurU krygw[ (AsUlx is`KI ivc pwT kdy ‘KMfq’ nhIN ho skdw[ AKMf pwT bRwhmxI kwrvweI hY)[ SRomxI kmytI ny ikrpwn sbμDI igR&qwrIAW dI vI muzμmq kIqI[ SRomxI kmytI ny jYqo ivc AKμf pwT muV SurU krn vwsqy 25-25 is`KW dy jQy Byjxy SurU kr id`qy[ ienHW jiQAW ƒ burI qrHW ku`itAw jWdw sI Aqy iPr igR&qwr krn mgroN kuJ ku ƒ jylH Byj id`qw jWdw sI Aqy bwkIAW ƒ bhuq dUr-durwfy ielwikAW ivc (FweI qoN pμj sO iklomItr dUr) jμgl jW aujwV ivc C`f id`qw jWdw sI[ ieμ\ ieh morcw iesy qrHW keI mhIny cldw irhw[ ies dOrwn qkrIbn 5000 is`KW ny morcy ivc ih`sw ilAw[ ienHIN idnIN hI, 12 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn, brqwnvI srkwr ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl ƒ ZYr-kwƒnI krwr dy id`qw[ ies dy nwl hI 59 sInIAr AkwlI AwgU igR&qwr kr ley gey[ 17 AkqUbr ƒ SRomxI kmytI dI nvIN AYZjYkitv cuxI geI[ 7 jnvrI 1924 ƒ ienHW swirAW nuμ vI igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ ies mgroN qIjI AYZjYkitv bxweI geI[

pMjwb kONsl coxW ivc AkwlIAW dI BwrI ij`q
nvMbr 1923 ivc pMjwb lYijslyitv kONsl qy AsYNblI dIAW coxW hoeIAW[ ies vyly bhuq swry sInIAr AkwlI AwgU jylHW ivc sn pr iPr vI AkwlI dl ny zbrdsq ij`q hwisl kIqI[ aunHW dy ivroDIAW ivcoN bhuiqAW dIAW zmwnqW vI zbq ho geIAW: AMimRqsr idhwqI (dwn isMG vCoAw 5525, ivroDI Awqmw isMG 1179), jlMDr (pRqwp isMG SMkr 3010, ivroDI blvMq isMG moroN 1106), lwhOr idhwqI (sMgq isMG 1323, ivroDI Amr isMG 37), &Irozpur (qwrw isMG mogw 5915, ivroDI 272), Sy^Upurw qy mulqwn (bUtw isMG vkIl 2836, ivroDI dUlw isMG 672), p`CmI hlkw lwhOr-rwvlipMfI-mulqwn (gulwb isMG 6496, ivroDI idlbwg isMG 694), jlMDr-AMbwlw (krqwr isMG 1223, ivroDI mwn isMG 255), kimSnrI rwvlipMfI qy gujrWvwlw (nwrwiex isMG vkIl 4596, ivroDI hrnwm isMG 20), lwielpur (hrcMd isMG 5950, ivroDI idlbwg isMG 1264)[ ies qoN ielwvw pRo: joD isMG AMimRqsr, rxDIr isMG gurdwspur, b^qwvr isMG huiSAwrpur qy keI hor ij`qy[ Xwin hr hlky ivc AkwlIAW ny zbrdsq ij`q hwisl kIqI[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 8 dsMbr 1923, s&w 5; Aqy 9 dsMbr 1923, s&w 2)[

BweI PyrU morcw
BweI PyrU (sMgq isMG) BweI ibMnw au~pl dw pu`qr sI[ aus dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw ipMf AMbmwVI (izlHw lwhOr) ivc bixAw hoieAw sI[ gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dOrwn, ie`QoN dy mhMq ikSn dws ny 21 dsMbr 1922 nUM SRomxI kmytI nwl smJOqw kr ilAw qy kmytI nUM 28 dsMbr nUM pRbMD sONp id`qw[ aus nUM 400 rupY mhInw Aqy rsd imlx lg peI[ dsMbr 1923 ivc mhMq nrYxU dy Brw pwlw rwm ny ikSn dws nUM Puslw ky SRomxI kmytI dy i^lw& dwAvw krvw id`qw[ 7 dsMbr 1923 nUM pulIs ny mYnyjr jgq isMG qy 10 hor is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ pr jdoN kys Adwlq ivc igAw qW fI.sI. kuJ nw kr sikAw ikauNik ieMqkwl kdoN dw SRomxI kmytI dy nW ho cukw sI qy zmIn nvyN mujwirAW nUM id`qI jw cukI sI[

dUjy pwsy srkwr ny igR&qwr is`KW nUM C`fx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ ies ’qy SRomxI kmytI ny morcw lw id`qw[ hux hr roz 25 is`KW dw jQw igR&qwrI dyx lg ipAw[ pr 20 sqMbr 1925 dy idn gurduAwry ivc iek kql ho igAw ijs ’qy SRomxI kmytI ny morcw bMd kr id`qw[ pr ienHIN idnIN hI gurduAwrw AYkt bx igAw qy ieh JgVw vI mu`k igAw ies morcy ivc vI cwr hzwr dy krIb is`K igR&qwr hoey sn[

jYqo nUM ShIdI jQy ’qy golIAW
cwr mhIny qoN vD smW jiQAW v`loN jYqo v`l mwrc kIqy jwx Aqy igR&qwrIAW dyx dy bwvjUd jdoN koeI nqIjw nw inkilAw qW SRomxI kmytI ny j`dojihd ƒ qyz krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ SRomxI kmytI ny AYlwn kIqw ik jYqo ivc AKμf pwT SurU krn vwsqy 500 is`KW dw ‘‘ShIdI jQw’’ ByijAw jweygw[ ies jQy ny 9 &rvrI 1924 dy idn Akwl q^q swihb qoN c`l ky 21 &rvrI ƒ jYqo pu`jxw sI[

9 PrvrI dy idn jdoN ieh jQw Akwl q^q swihb qoN c`ilAw qW ies ƒ ivdwiegI dyx vwsqy 30 hzwr is`K drbwr swihb pu`jy[ jQw v`K-v`K pVwA krdw 20 &rvrI dy idn brgwVI (irAwsq &rIdkot) pu`jw[ AmrIkw dy mShUr A^bwr ‘‘inaUXwrk tweImz’’ dw nwmwingwr imstr izmWd vI ies jQy dy nwl brgwVI qk igAw pr aunHW ƒ nwBw srkwr ny irAwsq ivc dwi^l hox dI iejwzq nw id`qI[ Agly idn 21 PrvrI ƒ jdoN jQw jYqo pu`jw qW ivlsn jwnstn ny &Oj ƒ jQy ’qy golI clwaux dw hukm dy id`qw[ golI nwl drjnW is`K ShId ho gey qy do sO qoN vD z^mI ho gey[ ienHW ivc mrd, AOrqW qy b`cy vI Swiml sn[ iek somy muqwibk AμgryzI &Oj ny 27 hzwr kwrqUs clwey qy jy kr golI iv`cy Ps jwx kwrn mSIn gμn nw rukdI qW pqw nhIN ikμnIAW hor ShIdIAW ho jwxIAW sn[ golI clxI bμd hox mgroN pulIs Aqy &Oj ny jQy dy mYˆbrW Aqy Awm lokW, jo jQy ƒ vyK rhy sn, ’qy vI lwTIcwrj kIqw Aqy jdoN qk swrw jQw burI qrHW z^mI jW byhoS nw ho igAw, pulIs fWgW vrHwauNdI rhI[ golI clx dI hr pwsy qoN zbrdsq inMdw hoeI[ dunIAW Br dy A^bwrW ny ies sbμDI KbrW CwpIAW[ AwgUAW ny ivlsn jwnstn ƒ “jnrl fwier dw vwirs” AwiKAw[

21 &rvrI dy idn ShId hox vwilAW 100 dy krIb is`KW ivcoN ivcoN isr& 17 nW imldy hn, bwkI nhIN ikauNik nwBy dy hwkmW ny lwSW iek`TIAW kr ky swV id`qIAW sn qy iksy dI Snw^q nhIN sI krvweI[ SRomxI kmytI v`loN rlIz kIqy ieh 17 nW hyT ilKy hn (ienHW dy izlHy 1924 dy hn, hux keIAW dy izlHy bdl cuky hn):
j`sw isMG (cIcw Bknw AMimRqsr), suMdr isMG (krmgVH pitAwlw irAwsq), surYx isMG (lMB vwlI &rIdkot irAwsq), PuMmx isMG (vWdr, &Irozpur), suNMdr isMG (cIdw, &Irozpur), dIvwn isMG (sMgrvwl, huiSAwrpur), hrI isMG (nmolI, huiSAwrpur), hrid`q isMG (kwlyky, &Irozpur), virAwm isMG (bwGw purwxw, &Irozpur), PuMmx isMG (smwlsr, &Irozpur), mwG isMG (rofy, &Irozpur), kpUr isMG (rofy, &Irozpur), Gu`lw isMG (BlUr, &Irozpur), vDwvw isMG (ciVk, &Irozpur), n`Qw isMG (KtkV klW, jlMDr), ibSn isMG (mWgt, jlMDr)[ iek jQw, ijs nUM Abul Kurwxy ipMf vwilAW ny rotI nhIN sI KuAweI, aus jQy ny kuMfl ipMf ivc lMgr CikAw sI; qy ies ipMf dw mihMdr isMG jQy dy nwl rl igAw sI[ golI clx vyly auh jQy nwl sI ijs dy kMn ‘qy golI l`gI sI qy z^mI ho igAw sI[

Aμgryz srkwr ieh smJdI sI ik ieμ\ is`KW dw kqlyAwm kr ky auh dihSq PYlw skygI pr aus nUμ ieh nhIN sI pqw ik 13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn jilHAW vwlw bwZ Aqy 20 PrvrI 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivKy ShIdIAW Aqy gurU dw bwZ ivc vihSI ku`t-mwr dy bwvjUd is`K jdojihd qoN ip`Cy nhIN hty sn, qW hux vI ik`Qy rukxy sn[ pr, jwnstn dy Aμdr dw vihSI dirMdw iek vwr Pyr dihSq &Ylwaux dI koiSS krnw cwhuμdw sI[ AwpxI swrI qvwrI^ ivc is`K kOm ny kdy Aijhw cYlμj brdwSq nhIN kIqw sI qy hux vI Aijhw hI hoieAw[ pihly jQy ’qy golI c`lx, drjnW ShIdIAW Aqy byihswb is`KW dy z^mI hox dy bwvjUd is`KW ivc joS v`Ddw igAw[ SRomxI kmytI ny dUjw jQw Byjx dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ihμdU AwgU gWDI qy lwlw lwjpq rwey ny ies jQy ƒ rokx dI bVI koiSS kIqI pr SRomxI kmytI ny jQw ‘‘hr hwl ivc’’ Byjx dw AYlwn kIqw[ (gWDI ny qW mgroN &rvrI 1925 ivc gurduAwrw suDwr lhr iblkul bMd krn vwsqy vI ikhw sI[ ies ‘qy ‘bbr Syr A^bwr ny ‘mhwqmw gWDI pwgl ho igAw’ isrlyK hyT iek AYfItorIAl ilK ky gWDI dI swizS dw pwj auGyiVAw sI)[ (vyKo: aus A^bwr dI ilKq dI qsvIr, s&w 223 ‘qy)[

pihly ShIdI jQy ’qy golI clwey jwx dy bwvjUd is`KW dy hOsly nw isrPæ b-dsqUr kwiem rhy, sgoN is`KW ivc roh qy joS dw vwDw hoieAw[ is`K nOjvwn qy b`cy Aksr ieh gwauNdy suxy jWdy sn: ‘‘nwBy zrUr jwvWgw, BwvyN isr kt jwvy myrw[’’ jdoN SRomxI kmytI ny jYqo vwsqy dUjw ShIdI jQw Byjx dw AYlwn kIqw qW sYNkVy is`K jQy ivc jwx leI iqAwr ho gey[ jQy ivc jwx dI mμg ieμnI izAwdw sI ik dyr nwl pu`jy is`KW ƒ inrwS ho ky ies qoN ip`CoN jwx vwly dUjy jiQAW ivc Awpxy nwm drj krvwauxy pey[ dUjw pμj sO dw jQw Akwl q^q swihb qoN 28 &rvrI 1924 ƒ cwlI hzwr dI igxqI ivc iek`TI hoeI sμgq ƒ &qih bulwauNdw hoieAw, gurduAwrw gμgsr dy rwh pY igAw[ qurn qoN pihloN ikMnIAW hI mWvW, BYxW Aqy isrdwrnIAW ny Awpxy ipAwirAW dy glW ivc Pu`lW dy hwr pwey Aqy ^uSI-^uSI aunHW ƒ ‘‘gurU gRμQ swihb jI dy siqkwr ƒ bhwl krn, Aqy loV pvy qW ies dy leI jwn vwr dyx’’ dw pYZwm dy ky qoirAw[

iek mW dw v`fw pu`qr pihly jQy ivc ShIdI pw igAw hoieAw sI, aus ny dUjy pu`qr ƒ hwr pwauNdy hoey ikhw, ‘‘mYN v`fy BwgW vwlI hovWgI jy myrw dUjw pu`qr BI gurU dy lyKy l`g jwvy[’’ jQy iv`coN keI isμGW ny qurn qoN pihloN Akwl q^q swihb ƒ ieh ilKq id`qI ik ‘‘jy mYN ShId ho jwvW qW myrI swrI jwiedwd gurU pμQ dy Arpn hovy[’’ ies vwr SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI v`loN Awm sμgqW dy nwm ieh ApIl vI kIqI geI sI ik ijQy vI jQw Tihry, au~QoN dI sμgq jQy dI syvw krn ip`CoN jQy ƒ ipμf qoN bwhr q`k nwl jw ky Alivdw qW bySk khy pr aus qoN A`gy jQy nwl iblkul nw jwvy[

ieh jQw keI QWeIN Tihrdw hoieAw 13 mwrc ƒ jYqo dy nyVy iek ipμf ivc pu`j igAw[ ies ny Agly Blk 14 mwrc ƒ jYqo ivc dwKl hoxw sI[ auDr 14 mwrc ƒ svyry hI pμifq mdn mohn mwlvIAw keI hor kONsl dy mYbrW qy nyqwvW smyq jYqo pu`j cu`ky sn Aqy AYfminstrytr jQy ƒ AwzwdI nwl gurduAwry jwx Aqy 101 AKμf-pwT krn dyx dI KulH dyx vwsqy zor pw rhy sn[ pr auh jQy dy v`D qoN v`D iek h&qw au~Qy Tihrx Aqy iek jW do vwrW ivc swry pwT iek`Ty kr lYx leI kihμdw sI[ mwlvIAw vI jQy ƒ rsqy ivc Aw imilAw pr jQw keI pwbμdI mμnx ƒ iqAwr nhIN sI[ ieh iPr AYfminstrytr pws gey pr koeI gl inpt nw skI[ AKIr swFy iqμn vjy jQw gurduAwry dy lwgy pu`j igAw[ ies vwrI Awm sμgq nwl nhIN sI pr ies jQy dy A`gy GoV ciVHAw rswlw Aqy &Oj rsqw roky KVHy sn Aqy hor swrI iqAwrI pihly vWg hI sI[ ies vwr golI nhIN c`lI Aqy jQy dI igR&qwrI dw hukm id`qw igAw[ jQy ny Awpxy Awp ƒ igR&qwrI vwsqy pyS kr id`qw[ aunHW ƒ iklHy Aμdr bxy iek vlgx Aμdr bμd kIqw igAw qy mgroN ‘nwBw bIV’ jylH ivc Byj id`qw igAw[

ies mgroN qIjw jQw 22 mwrc ƒ Akwl q^q swihb qoN rvwnw hoieAw[ ieh jQw 7 ApRYl 1924 ƒ jYqo pu`jw, ij`Qy &Oj Aqy puils v`loN ies dy suAwgq dI pihlW vWg hI iqAwrI kIqI geI hoeI sI[ ies smyN qwrw isμG mogw AYm.AYl.sI., mIAW &zl h`k, krqwr isμG mYNbr AsYˆblI vI phuμcy hoey sn[ eyQy jQy ƒ rok ky, CotIAW-CotIAW tolIAW ivc ienHW ƒ h`QkVIAW Aqy r`isAW nwl jkV ky, iklHy Aμdr f`k id`qw igAw qy mgroN nwBw bIV jylH ivc phuμcwieAw igAw[

cOQw jQw Anμdpur swihb qoN 27 mwrc ƒ, pμjvW lwielpur qoN 12 ApRYl ƒ, pYdl rvwnw hoey[ swry jQy pihloN Akwl q^q swihb hwzr huμdy sn[ CyvW jQw, jo &Irozpur dy is`KW dw sI, au~QoN c`l ky 9 meI ƒ ARμimRqsr pu`jw Aqy 10 meI ƒ jYqo v`l qur ipAw[ sqvW, duAwby dy izilHAW dw jQw, Anμdpur qoN pihlI jUn ƒ Aqy ATvW izlHw SyKUpurw dw 22 meI 1924 ƒ nwnkwxw swihb qoN c`ilAw[ nOvW jQw, izlHw AμimRqsr dw, 25 jUn ƒ ieQoN jYqo v`l quirAw[ dsvW jQw ijs ivc lwhOr, AμimRqsr qy gurdwspur dy is`K Swml sn Aqy XwrHvW jQw ijs ivc luiDAwxw qy i&rozpur dy is`K sn, iek`Ty, 13 julweI ƒ AμimRqsr qoN rvwnw hoey[

jiQAW dw jwxw pμjwb dy izilHAW q`k hI mihdUd nhIN sI irhw[ 29 jUn 1924 ƒ bμgwl dy iek sO isμGW dw jQw klk`qy qoN bVI is`K sμgq gurduAwrw qoN c`l ky ptnw, bnwrs, Alwhwbwd, lKnaU, kwnHpur, id`lI, shwrnpur, Aμbwly Tihrdw hoieAw 13 julweI ƒ AμimRqsr pu`jw[ ijs-ijs Sihr ieh TihirAw, jQy dw bVI Swn nwl suAwgq kIqw igAw[ 21 &rvrI ƒ jYqo ivc vrqy swky dI crcw eynI izAwdw ho geI sI ik pRdysI vsdy is`K vI jYqo ƒ jWdy jiQAW ivc Swiml hox leI AμimRqsr pu`jy[ kYnyfw qoN XwrHW is`KW dw jQw 17 julweI 1924 ƒ c`ilAw, jo 14 sqμbr ƒ klk`qy jhwzoN au~qirAw Aqy keI v`fy-v`fy SihrW qoN huμdw hoieAw 28 sqμbr ƒ AμimRqsr pu`jw qy pμjwb dy bhuq swry ngrW-ipμfW Aqy SihrW Aμdr pRcwr krn mgroN 21 &rvrI 1925 ƒ jYqo jw ky igR&qwr ho igAw[ iesy qrHW hWgkWg qoN iek jQw 24 &rvrI 1925 ƒ Aqy SμGweI (cIn) qoN 25 is`KW dw jQw 15 julweI 1925 ƒ AμimRqsr pu`jw[
bwrHvW jQw 17 Agsq 1924, qyrHvW jQw 18 sqμbr 1924, cODvW jQw 15 dsμbr 1924, pμdrHvW jQw pihlI mwrc 1925, solHvW jQw 17 ApRYl 1925 ƒ AμimRqsroN c`l ky Anyk ipμfW qy SihrW iv`c guzrdy hoey jYqo pu`j ky igR&qwr hoey[ 27 ApRYl 1925 ƒ 101 isμGW dw spYSl jQw Akwl q^q swihb qoN lwielpur jw ky auQoN pVwE-pVweI jYqo v`l jw irhw sI ik rsqy ivc ieqlwh imlI ik srkwr ny AKμf-pwT sbμDI hr qrHW dI pwbμdI htw leI hY[ so ies jQy ny au~Qy pu`j ky pihlw AKμf-pwT SurU kIqw[ ies pwT dy Bog vwly idn hI SμGweI vwlw jQw jYqo pu`jw sI[ ies qrHW 14 sqμbr 1923 ƒ gμgsr ivc ‘Kμfq’ kIqy gey pwT ƒ nvyN isirEN krn leI lgwqwr iek swl Aqy ds mhIny AxQ`k GwlxW GwlxIAW peIAW[ sYNkVy is`K ShId Aqy hzwrW P`tV hoey[ keI AμghIx ho ky sdw leI nkwry ho gey[ AnykW dIAW jwiedwdW qy Gr-Gwt zbq kr ky aunHW ƒ irAwsqW qoN dyS inkwlw id`qw igAw[ AnykW is`K mulwzmqW, AhuidAW Aqy isrdwrIAW qoN A`f kIqy gey[ jylHW Aμdr jo musIbqW sihxIAW peIAW, mwr-kutweIAW hoieAW Aqy Bu`KW BogxIAW peIAW, aunHW dw qW izkr krnw BI mumikn nhIN[

SRomxI kmytI dI irport muqwibk jYqo morcy ivc qkrIbn ds hzwr is`K igR&qwr kIqy gey sn[ ienHW ivcoN FweI sO dy krIb ShId hoey[ ienHW swirAW dy nW nhIN imldy pr hyTW ilKy is`K jylHW ivc zulm kwrn ShId hoey sn:
pihlw ShIdI j`Qw: ArUV isMG AMbwlw, suMdr isMG buqwlw, ig: mihMdr isMG, nOinhwl isMG[
dUjw ShIdI jQw: ArUV isMG pu`qr virAwm isMG sk`qr SRomxI kmytI, pwlw isMG p`Koky gurdwspur, sMpUrn isMG cwhl lwhOr, s`jx isMG rwjoky lwhOr, au~qm isMG kuhwr gurdwspur, srmuK isMG r`qoky AMimRqsr[
qIjw ShIdI jQw: Awqmw isMG AmrgVH &rIdkot, lihxw isMG Kwt AMbwlw, ikSn isMG Bu`sy AMimRqsr, mUlw isMG j`tU sweIvwly pitAwlw, nwnk isMG j`tU sweIvwly pitAwlw, Pu`mx isMG mUxk pitAwlw, crn isMG bulHovwl gurdwspur, rUV isMG sbyrw AMbwlw, suMdr isMG buqwlw AMimRqsr, nOinhwl isMG c`k 19 imMtgumrI, mihMdr isMG bjrUV huiSAwrpur, jgq isMG jmSyr lwhOr, vDwvw isMG pUrovwl gurdwspur, qwrw isMG hrIky p`qx lwhOr, ieMdr isMG il`dV AMimRqsr, gulwb isMG mYrw ijhlm, hrI isMG iblwspur &Irozpur, rwm isMG buqwlw, dlyl isMG imrxwpur huiSAwrpur, n`Qw isMG DwlIvwl kpUrQlw, rwm isMG DwmIAW huiSAwrpur, Drm isMG bVwkot jlMDr, pRqwp isMG Sy^Upurw, hwkm isMG, jYml isMG, &Ojw isMG, hukm isMG kpUrQlw, vIr isMG AKvwlI ijhlm, dieAw isMG kM|xIvwl jlMDr, krqwr isMG sMDwvwlI gurdwspur, jsvMq isMG jgqpurw AMimRqsr, ikSn isMG kwlykI, &Iroozpur[
cOQw ShIdI jQw: nirMjn isMG SwhbwzpurI AMimRqsr, Drm isMG cUhwm`l gujrwq, gupwl isMG isMblI huiSAwrpur, BrmqoV isMG iFlvW kpUrQlw, su`cw isMG mwnvwk huiSAwrpur, Drm isMG bbor huiSAwrpur, au~qm isMG bylw huiSAwrpur, kpUr isMG bfysrw huiSAwrpur, qyjw isMG dwKw luiDAwxw, l`Kw isMG bMgw jlMDr, hukm isMG mwhvy huiSAwrpur, dsONDw isMG bisAwl huiSAwrpur, lCmx isMG bylw ktwr isMG huiSAwrpur, aUDm isMG bYrl huiSAwrpur, mlUk isMG kwlyvwl huiSAwrpur, Arjn isMG Dulyqw jlMDr, sqnwm isMG SrINh jlMDr, jIvn isMG iFlvW kpUrQlw, n`Qw isMG pu`qr mMgl isMG nMgl m`Jw[
pMjvW ShIdI jQw: vDwvw isMG c`k 268 lwielpur, ieMdr isMG lohkw AMimRqsr, ibSn isMG GsItpur lwielpur, Dmn isMG Kjwlw gurdwspur, rwm isMG rtOlI AMimRqsr, dupwl isMG jifAwl lwielpur, ArUV isMG vhIlw lwielpur, jYml isMG jOhl lwielpur, &Ojw ismG g`gobUhw AMimRqsr, srmuK isMG buMfwl lwielpur, dIvwn isMG B`Tl BweIky AMimRqsr, ArUV isMG K`K AMimRqsr, krqwr isMG GsItpur lwielpur, rwm isMG kwhnw lwhor, sMgq isMG inhwlyvwlw buMfwlw lwielpur, vDwvw isMG lIl lwielpur[
CyvW ShIdI jQw: hrI isMG mihrwj &Irozpur, inhwl isMG dumnhoVI pitAwlw, soBw isMG rvIAw &Irzpur, Arjn isMG idhwVky luiDAwxw, eISr isMG smwlsr &Irozpur, sudwgr isMG GolIAw &Irozpur[
sqvW ShIdI jQw: ieMdr isMG nMbrdwr nUrpur jlMDr, KVk isMG gyrw huiSAwrpur, gurmuK isMG Folovwl huiSAwrpur, gupwl isMG iKdpur huiSAwrpur, mihmwn isMG mMjw muMfw AMbwlw, hrnwm isMG bwZpur huiSAwrpur, krm isMG au~cw ipMf jlMDr, Bgq isMG Flotw jlMDr, dlyl isMG imrzwpur huiSAwrpur, Drm isMG kOlklW jlMDr, nOrwqw isMG bIbIpur AMbwlw, hukm isMG fumylI kpUrQlw, J`KV isMG huiSAwrpur, crn isMG Awdmvwl huiSAwrpur, tihl isMG hXwqpur huiSAwrpur, KVk isMG gIrw huiSAwrpur, jIvw isMG pWCtw kpUrQlw, krm isMG kot PqUhI huiSAwrpur, krqwr isMG kotlw jlMDr, gurmuK isMG Dolovwl huiSAwrpur, Bgvwn isMG rUpovwl huiSAwrpur, dIvwn isMG nMgl m`Jw kpUrQlw, bMqw isMG kwlw sMGw kpUrQlw, krqwr isMG huiSAwrpur, hrnwm isMG sY&lwbwd kpUrQlw, ^uSwl isMG pWCtw kpUrQlw, du`mn isMG pWCtw, kpUrQlw[
ATvW ShIdI jQw: pRqwp isMG eISrky Sy^Upurw, ipAwrw isMG nwnkwxw swihb Sy^Upurw, gupwl isMG hMbo Sy^Upurw, hrnwm isMG c`k 42 Sy^Upurw, qwrw isMG mlvw Sy^Upurw, Awsw isMG n`Qoky Sy^Upurw, imlKw isMG jwhmn Sy^Upurw, jvwlw isMG izlHw lwhOr, sMgq isMG inhwlyvwl lwielpur, g`jx isMG mrVH Sy^Upurw[
nOvW ShIdI jQw: bwvw isMG quV AMimRqsr, rwm isMG buMfwlw AMimRqsr, Bgq isMG vfwlw Bogw AMimRqsr, mohx isMG mKovwl AMimRqsr, sohx isMG sihsrw AMimRqsr, bhwdr isMG Blw ipMf AMimRqsr, rwm isMG gMfIivMf AMimRqsr, hzwrw isMG DUq luiDAwxw, vDwvw isMG kMg AMimRqsr, krm isMG bwbw bkwlw AMimRqsr, guridq isMG bopw rwey AMimRqsr, krqwr isMG kotlw sUrj m`l jlMDr[
dsvW ShIdI jQw: aujwgr isMG Bwgovwl gurdwspur, jIvn isMG bwhmxIvwlw AMimRqsr, dlIp isMG kotlI gurdwspur, hIrw isMG nUrpur j`tW kpUrQlw, gMgw isMG qlvMfI JIrWvwlI isAwlkot[
XwrHvW ShIdI jQw: hrI isMG Dmot pitAwlw, cMnx isMG sUjw p`tI, bsMq isMG pMjoKVw AMbwlw, soBw isMG m`lHw luiDAwxw, rqn isMG mwjrI AMbwlw, qwrw isMG sMqWvwlI &Irozpur, qyjw isMG dwKw luiDAwxw, hrnwm isMG Fu`fIky &Irozpur[
bwrHvW ShIdI jQw: ArUV isMG AMimRqsr, pwlw isMG l`Koky gurdwspur, sMpUrn isMG izlHw lwhOr, s`jx isMG izlHw lwhor, Drm isMG huifAwrw lwhOr[
qyrHvW ShIdI jQw: gurcrn isMG bopwrey luiDAwxw, bylw isMG hTUr, hrI isMG c`k 359 lwielpur, rCpwl isMG jlwlausmw AMimRqsr, sudwgr isMG vDweI cImw isAwlkot[
cODvW ShIdI jQw: su`Kw isMG &qihpur jlMDr, nrwiex isMG p`fw kpUrQlw, Fyrw isMG &qihpur jlMDr[

jYqo morcy ivc kYdIAW nUM rsd vZYrw phuMcwaux Aqy ^u&IAw jwxkwrI iek`TI kr ky SRomxI kmytI Aqy jiQAW qk phuMcwaux dy doS lw ky nwBw pulIs ny mweI ikSn kOr, du`lw isMG qy su`cw isMG dovyN rofy ipMf qy ienHW dy kuJ swQIAW nUM s`q-s`q swl kYd dI szw id`qI sI[ies morcy ivc ih`sw lYx vwly is`KW qoN l`KW rupey (1924-26 dI kImq muqwibk) jurmwny Aqy zbqIAW ivc vsUl kIqy gey[

ies dOrwn gurduAwrw AYkt bx jwx dy Awswr bx rhy sn[ jdoN gurduAwrw AYkt pUrI qrHW iqAwr ho igAw qW srkwr ny jYqo ivc vI hiQAwr su`t id`qy sn Aqy 21 julweI 1925 dy idn jYqo ivc pwT krn ’qy lweI pwbμdI vwips lY leI sI[ ies nwl jYqo ivc 101 pwTW dI lVI SurU ho geI, ieh swry pwT 7 Agsq 1925 dy idn ^qm hoey (auN\ ieh pwT vI SrqW nwl hI pUry kIqy gey sn)[ BwvyN ieh morcw ij`iqAw igAw sI pr SRomxI kmytI ny ies nwl juVy hoey ‘‘mhwrwjw nwBw dI bhwlI’’ dw svwl ivcy hI C`f id`qw sI[

SRomxI kmytI qy AkwlI dl ZYr-kwƒnI krwr
is`K AwgUAW dI kWgrs nwl nyVqw, nwimlvrqx dw &Yslw, AwzwdI qy ^udmu^iqAwrI dy Poky nwAry Aqy hor isAwsI rol kr ky AMgryz srkwr AkwlI dl qy SRomxI kmytI nwl coKI ^&w sI pr jdoN is`K AwgUAW ny nwBy dy rwjy dI bhwlI dw svwl auTwieAw qW srkwr ny AkwlI dl Aqy SRomxI kmytI ƒ ZYr-kwƒnI AYlwn krwr dy id`qw[ 12 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn, 23772-73 nMbr ic`TI jwrI kr ky, srkwr ny (SRomxI) AkwlI dl qy AkwlI jQy Aqy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI qy lokl gurduAwrw kmytIAW ƒ ZYr-kwƒnI krwr dyx dy nwl hI aus rwq Aqy Agly idn AkwlI dl qy SRomxI kmytI dy AwgUAW ƒ d&wvW 120 bI, 121 ey, 124 ey, 17 ey, Aqy 17 bI hyT igR&qwr kr ilAw[ pihly idn 59 AwgU igR&qwr kIqy gey[ ienHW ivc hyT ilKy AwgU vI Swiml sn: qyjw isG smuμdrI, mwstr qwrw isμG, s:b: mihqwb isμG, qyjw isμG AkrpurI, Bgq jsvμq isμG, bwvw hrikSn isμG, igAwnI Syr isμG, Bwg isμG vkIl, hrI isμG jlμDrI, pRo: qyjw isG, pRo: inrμjn isμG, srmuK isμG Jbwl, gopwl isμG kOmI, sohx isμG joS, qyjw isμG cUhVkwnw, dwn isμG vCoAw, hYfmwstr mihqwb isμG, ipAwrw isμG lμgyrI, syvw isμG TIkrIvwlw, nrYx isμG bYirstr, pRo: swihb isμG, rwey isμG kwauxI, gurid`q isμG bihlolpurI vZYrw[ ienHW ivc SRomxI kmytI dI qkrIbn swrI dI swrI AYZzYkitv Swiml sI[

ienHW AwgUAW dI igR&qwrI mgroN SRomxI kmytI ny nvIN AYZzYkitv dI cox kr leI[ 7 jnvrI 1924 dy idn ies AYZzYkitv dy qkrIbn swry mYˆbr Aqy hor keI AwgU vI igR&qwr kr ley gey[ ies idn igR&qwr hox vwilAW dy nW hyT ilKy hn:
1. sohx isμG KfUr swihb, 2. mwstr sujwn isμG srhwlI, 3. jvwhr isμG burj izlHw AμimRqsr, 4. cμnx isμG jlμDr, 5. suμdr isμG AμimRqsr, 6. jY isμG FuifAwl izlHw jyhlm, 7. Awsw isμG cμfwlI izlHw gujrWvwlw, 8. AmrIk isμG cUnyvwly gujrWvwlw, 9. virAwm isμG grmUlw, 10. Avqwr isμG bYirstr gujrWvwlw, 11. nirμjn isμG vwijAW vwly, kwr^wnw qwnsYn, gujrWvwlw, 12. igAwn isμG dIpwlpur, 13. hukm isμG vkIl imμtgumrI, 14. jsvμq isμG jQydwr imμtgumrI, 15. l`Kw isμG kurlky izlHw SyKUpurw, 16 sohx isμG SyKUpurw, 17. sudwgr isμG, 18. ieμdr isμG mrVH, 19. Syr isμG kot ipμfIvwl (SyKUpurw), 20. sUrq isμG ikSnpurw (luiDAwxw), 21. rxbIr isμG kwauNky, 22. juigμdr isμG vkIl rweypur,
23. krqwr isμG luiDAwxw, 24. suμdr isμG Gumwx izlHw i&rozpur, 25. hrnwm isμG kbrv`Cw, 26. guridAwl isμG isAwlkot, 27. Bgq isμG jQydwr qhsIl psrUr, 28. igAwn isμG isAwlkot, 29. inrml isμG (BqIjw bwbw KVk isμG) isAwlkot, 30. pRqwp isμG kot PæqUhI izlHw huiSAwrpur, 31. ig: bqn isμG izlHw huiSAwrpur, 32. gurb^S isμG vjwaU kot (gurdwspur) 33. qyjw isμG Alwvlpur (gurdwspur), 34. ikSn isμG nwƒ nμgl, 35. rqn isμG Awzwd, 36. mhμq lihxw isμG pONtw swihb, 37. swihb isμG c`k 127 jnUbI srgoDw, 38. mwn isμG c`k 127 jnUbI, srgoDw 39. du`nw isμG AYbtwbwd, 40. s: igAwn isμG AYbtwbwd, 41. dIvwn isμG kot njIbu`lw, 42. POjw isG qsIl cUnIAW, 43. ieμdr isμG brkI (lwhOr), 44. jvwlw isμG izlHw lwhOr, 45. blvμq isμG gujrKwnI, 46. jvμd isμG rwvlipμfI, 47. rwjw isμG vkIl ipSwvr, 48. jgq isG ipSwvr, 49. jY isμG mrdwn, 50. mihqwb isμG kohwt, 51. hrnwm isμG pμjw swihb, 52. Amr isμG AYfItr Syry-pMjwb, 53. mhMq mUl isMG inrmlw, gRμQI drbwr swihb, 54. bwvw srUp isμG lwhOr, 55. Drm isμG nwmDwrI, 56. suμdr isμG jQydwr btwlw, 57. fwktr Bgvwn isμG AμimRqsr, 58. mohn isμG vYd qrn qwrn, 59. hIrw isμG nwrlI izlHw lwhOr, 60. sucw isμG Krw sOdw (SyKUpurw), 61. jmWdwr swDU isμG lwielpur, 62. krm isμG cImw (jlμDr)[ ies hmly dOrwn pulIs SRomxI kmytI dw swrw irkwrf vI cu`k kY lY geI Aqy ies vwsqy AdwlqI hukm idKwaux qoN vI nWh kr id`qI qy ikhw ik AsIN ij`Qy mrzI AdwlqI hukm qoN ibnW vI qlwSI qy zbqI kr skdy hW[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 23 jnvrI 1924, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy AYlwn nMbr 643 qoN 646)[ ies mgroN hor vI bhuq swry AwgU igR&qwr kIqy gey sn[

ies mgroN SRomxI kmytI ny qIjI AYZzYkitv cux leI[ ies dy nwl hI jYqo ’c ShIdI jQw Byjx dw AYlwn ho igAw[ ies mgroN AkqUbr 1924 ivc hor igR&qwrIAW vI hoeIAW[ ienHW ivc Akwl q^q swihb dy mu`K syvwdwr vI Swiml sn[ hrbμs isμG sIsqwnI ƒ eIrwn qoN igR&qwr kr ky ilAWdw igAw[ ku`l igR&qwrIAW 150 dy krIb kIqIAW geIAW[ mgroN ienHW ivcoN kuJ C`f vI id`qy gey[ ijnHW ’qy mukdmw clwieAw igAw sI aunHW dy nW hyT ilKy hn:
1. s:b: mihqwb isμG 2. pRo: qyjw isμG, 3. Bwg isμG vkIl, 4. bwvw hrikSn isμG, 5. ig: Syr isμG, 6. mwstr qwrw isμG, 7. qyjw isμG smuMdrI, 8. hrI isμG jlμDrI, 9. kYptn rwm isμG, 10. Bgq jsvμq isμG 11. gopwl isμG swgrI 12. hY~fmwstr mihqwb isμG 13. irswldwr suμdr isμG, 14. mμgl isμG AkwlI, 15. qyjw isμG Givμf, 16. qyjw isμG cUhVkwxw, 17. dwn isμG vCoAw, 18. bKSIS isμG Bum`dI, 19. soFI pRIqm isμG, 20. pRo: inrμjn isμG, 21. syvw isμG TIkrIvwlw, 22. imq isμG knyfIAn 23. nwnk isμG, 24. irswldwr rxjoD isμG, 25. gurid`q isμG bihlolpurI, 26. gopwl isμG kOmI, 27. nrYx isμG bYirstr, 28. Amr isμG, 29. hrbμs isμG sIsqwnI, 30. bwl isμG knyfIAn, 31. bwbU iqRpq isμG, 32. srmuK isμG Jbwl, 33. ipAwrw isμG aur& krm isμG, 34. pRo: swihb isμG, 35. ikSn isoμG, 36. qyjw isμG AμimRqsr, 37. ikrpwl isμG, 38. igAwn isμG, 39. dlIp isμG, 40. krqwr isμG, 41. mμgl isμG, 42. pRym isμG 43. lwhOrw isμG, 44. Drm isμG, 45. gurb^S isμG, 46. mwn isμG, 47. nμd isμG, 48. gurid`q isμG, 49.hrnwm isμG, 50. mwn isμG tweIipst, 51. gurcrn isμG, 52. gurb^S isμG, 53. rwey isμG kwauxI, 54. sohx isμG joS, 55. nrYx isμG, 56. sμqw isμG, 57. hrI isμG AYfItr AkwlI, 58. gurid`q isμG AYfItr nySn[

15 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn vI.fblXU. simQ, AYs.pI. (sI.AweI.fI.) ny srkwr v`loN ienHW is`K AwgUAW dy i^lw& muk`dmw dwier kIqw ik ienHW ny brqwnvI srkwr dy i^lw& bZwvq krn dw swizS kIqI Aqy ieμ\ mulk nwl ZdwrI kIqI[ is`K AwgUAW ’qy lwey gey ielzwm ieμ\ sn:
1. ienHW ny nwnkwxw swihb, pμjw swihb, mukqsr, qrn qwrn, qyjw klW, hoTIAW, nonr, kmwlIAw, Anμdpur swihb, kIrqpur vgYrw jgh ’qy mhμqW Aqy pujwrIAW qoN jbrI gurduAwry Kohy, kbzy kIqy qy kwƒn qoiVAw[
2. SRomxI kmytI ny gurduAwrw suDwr vwsqy SRomxI AkwlI dl kwiem kIqw[ ijs dw nW pihloN sYˆtrl AkwlI dl sI[ 1922 ivc ies dw nW SomxI AkwlI dl r`iKAw igAw[ AkwlIAW ny keI jgh kwƒn qoiVAw[
3. SRomxI kmytI dw qwA`luk kWgrs Aqy i^lw&q kmytI nwl hY jo ik isAwsI jmwqW hn[ ies dy keI AwgU is`K lIg ivc kμm krdy hn[ kmytI ny ipRμs Aw& vylz dw bweIkwt kIqw[ ies ny gurU dw bwZ dw morcw lwieAw[
4. SRomxI kmytI ny AlIgVH dI iek &rm nwl FweI l`K ikrpwnW KrIdx dI g`lbwq kIqI[
5. Givμf Aqy huifAwrw (izlHw lwhOr) Aqy c`k 266 (izlHw lwielpur) ivc pμcwieqW kwiem kIqIAW[
6. ies dy Asr hyT ‘‘bbr AkwlI lihr’’ SurU hoeI, ijs ivc lu`t mwr kIqI geI Aqy keI AwdmIAW ƒ kql kIqw igAw[
7. SRomxI kmytI keI isAwsI mwmilAW ivc d^l dyNdI rhI[ srkwr ny gurduAwrw msly h`l krny cwhy pr kmytI h`l nhIN hox dyNdI rhI[ SRomxI kmytI ny 1921 ivc isAwsI kYdI irhw krn dI mμg kIqI[ ies ny gurduAwrw ib`l dI mu^wl&q kIqI[
8. cI& Kwlsw dIvwn qy hor jQybμdIAW ƒ SRomxI kmytI ivc nhIN ilAw igAw[ is`K sμprdwvW Aqy irAwsqW ƒ vI nzr-Aμdwz kIqw hY[
9. mulk ivc Aqy bwhr A^bwrW rwhIN isAwsI pRwpygμfw kIqw hY[
10. SRomxI kmytI dy AwgU K`dr pwaux dI hwmI hn[
11. sB qoN v`fI g`l ieh hY ik srkwr ny 9 julweI 1923 ƒ nwBy dy rwjy ƒ g`dI qoN lwh id`qw qW 10 julweI ƒ SRomxI kmytI ny nwBw sbMDI morcy dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ SRomxI kmytI ny 18 julweI ƒ AYlwn nμbr 559 mhwrwjw nwBw dy h`k ivc jwrI kIqw[ ies ny 29 julweI ƒ rwjw nwBw vwsqy ‘‘Ardws idn’’ mnwaux dw AYlwn kIqw qy iPr 9 sqμbr 1923 ƒ ‘‘nwBw idn’’ mnwieAw qy nμgy pYrIN jlUs k`Fy[ nwBw dw mwmlw pUrI qrHW isAwsI hY Aqy ies ivc SRomxI
kmytI ny d^l id`qw hY[ SRomxI kmytI dIAW srgrmIAW srkwr dy i^lw& hn[ (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: AkwlI lIfrz kys)[

SRomxI kmytI Aqy AkwlI AwgUAW dy i^lw& muk`dmy dy srkwrI vkIl imstr iptmYt Aqy rwey bhwdr jvwlw pRSwd sn[ sPweI dy vkIl s:b: Aqr isμG, jIvn isμG, rGbIr isμG, Syr crnjIq isμG Aqy sRI rGUnwQ shwie[ s:b: mihqwb isμG ^ud vI bihs kirAw krdy sn[ srkwr ny is`K AwgUAW dy i^lw& 414 srkwrI gvwh Bugqwey[ is`KW v`loN hrcμd isμG lwielpurI sxy s&weI dy 100 gvwh Bugqy[ muk`dmw mwrc 1925 qk c`ilAw[ ies dOrwn hI gurduAwrw AYkt pws ho igAw qy ieh muk`dmw vI bymwAnw ho igAw[

is`K-srkwr smJOqy dIAW koiSSW
SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy SRo: kmytI ƒ kwƒn ivruD krwr id`qy jwx dy bwvjUd AkwlI lihr vDdI geI[ srkwr ƒ ieh BulyKw sI ik v`fy AwgU igR&qwr hox mgroN lihr ^qm ho jwvygI, pr ies dw nqIjw srkwr dI socxI vwlw nw inkilAw[ srkwr ny dohW jQybμdIAW ƒ bwZI krwr dy ky, JgVw KVw kr ky, “Aw swnH mYnUM mwr” vwlI gl kIqI sI[ hux srkwr aus qoN ip`Cw Cufwaux dw socx l`gI[ pRo: joD isMG iek ‘v`fw ivcolw’ bx ky rol Adw krdw irhw[ iesy dOrwn hI srkwr ny jnrl brfvuf hyT iek kmytI bxw ky gurduAwrw suDwr dy msly aupr ivcwr krn Aqy AwpxIAW is&wrSW pyS krn vwsqy ikhw[ pμjwb dw gvrnr mYklygn cwhuμdw sI ik is`KW Aqy srkwr ivckwr suKwvW mwhOl ho jwvy[ aus ƒ ieh Aws sI ik AijhI hwlq ivc is`K srkwr dy Sukrguzwr hoxgy qy srkwr dI mdd kirAw krngy[
ies smJOqy dy islisly ivc 17 ApRYl 1924 ƒ gorimμt hwaUs lwhOr ivc jnrl bufvrf Aqy kryk (cI& sYktrI pμjwb srkwr) qy dUjy pwsy BweI joD isμG qy nwrwiex isμG bYirstr ivckwr glbwq hoeI[ kuJ SrqW qYA hoeIAW:
(1) jQy Byjxw bμd kIqw jwvy (smyq BweI PyrU Aqy jYqo dy)
(2) srkwr kirmInl lwA hyTW koeI igR&qwrI nhIN krygI[
(3) jYqo ivc AKμf pwT leI roz 25 isμGW ƒ AwigAw id`qI jwvy[
(4) rwjw nwBw qoN ieh Brosw hwsl kr ky ik g`dI aus ny Awp C`fI hY, SRomxI kmytI AYjItySn vwps lvygI[
(5) AYkt bxn mgroN auh kYdI C`fy jwx jo (a) gurduAwirAW qy kbzw krn ’c igR&qwr hn (A) ikRpwn sbμDI igR&qwr (e) kirmInl lwA hyTW igR&qwr kYdI (isvwey bbr lihr jW is`K swizS kys dy)[
(6) ieh SrqW gupq rihx[
(7) SRomxI kmytI ies kwƒn ƒ pUrI qrHW Aml ivc ilAwvygI[ (sI.bI. brfvu`f, ey kMtInYNtl AYkspIrIAMs, s&y 65-66)[
cI& sYktrI ny ieh Srq r`KI sI ik ieh smJOqw sYNtrl srkwr dI mnzUrI mgroN hovygw[ ies qrHW ieh iek clwkI sI ijs nwl jdoN mrzI ies smJOqy ƒ
qoiVAw jw skdw sI[ BweI joD isμG ny SRomxI kmytI dy AwgUAW nwl ies bwry gl krn dw vwAdw kIqw[ ieh SrqW qoV-mroV ky vwiesrwey ny sYktrI Aw& styt ƒ ByjIAW[ pr SrqW dw jo nvW rUp bixAw auh AjIb Aqy vKrw sI[
ApRYl 1924 ivc auc A&srW dI mIitμg hoeI ijs ivc hom mYNbr mufImYn, polItIkl sYktrI Qwmsn, hom sYktrI krIgr, cI& sYktrI pμjwb kryl, ifptI hom sYktrI EglvI qy ivlsn jOhnstn (nwBw) Swiml sn[ ies mIitμg ivc mUfImYn ny nwBw svwl bwry koeI Brosw dyx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw[ kYdIAW bwry auh rwzI jwpdy sn[ ies hwlq ivc AkwlIAW nwl ies glbwq dw koeI &wiedw nw hoieAw[ v`fI g`l qW ieh sI ik SrqW mμn ky srkwr dy mukr jwx kwrn, joD isμG vI ksUqw PisAw hoieAw sI[
auDr 14 meI ƒ sYktrI Aw& styt ny lμfn ivc lwrf hylI nwl mSvrw kr ky ic`TI dw jvwb dyNidAW ikhw ik koeI Aijhw smJOqw nw kIqw jwvy jo ihμdU qy muslmwnW dI qs`lI nw krdw hovy[ ies ’qy vwiesrwey dw vqIrw hor vI krVw ho igAw qy 17 meI 1924 dI ‘Aw^rI pySkS’ ivc kYdIAW dI irhweI dI md ƒ Ais`Dy Fμg nwl ^qm kr id`qw sI[ sgoN (1) nwBy dy mukdmy vwps nhIN hoxgy qy (2) nwBy dI AYjItySn C`fxI pvygI[ ieh do SrqW hor pw id`qIAW sn[ ies nwl ieh smJOqw glbwq bymwAnw ho geI[
ies smJOqy sbμDI AkwlI AwgUAW nwl g`lbwq vwsqy joD isμG keI vwr jylH ’c imlx igAw[ ieh mulwkwqW 17, 24, 28, 30 ApRYl Aqy 1, 18, 21, 24 meI Aqy 2 jUn 1924 ƒ hoeIAW[ ienHW 9 mulwkwqW qoN bwAd smJOqw A`gy vDwaux dI g`lbwq qoV id`qI geI[ g`lbwq tu`tx dy mu`K kwrn sn: kYdIAW dI irhweI dw mslw qy nwBy dI AYjItySn vgYrw[ sc qW ieh hY ik srkwr ƒ Aijhw jwpdw sI ik jy ieh sB SrqW mnzUr ho jwx qW AkwlIAW dI ij`q smJI jwvygI qy AkwlI ies nwl vDyry qwkq ivc Awauxgy[ A^Ir srkwr ny 2 jUn 1924 ƒ smJOqy dI g`lbwq tutx dw AYlwn jwrI kr id`qw[ ies sbμDI AkwlIAW ’qy doS lw ky srkwr ny KUb pRcwr kIqw[ (pμj mwrc 1924 dI AμgryzI A^bwr pwienIAr qy itRibaUn ivc Aijhw pRcwr vyiKAw jw skdw hY[) ^Yr! kuJ vI hY ies smJOqy dI g`lbwq dw tutxw &wiedymμd hI swibq hoieAw[ pr brfvuf muqwibk ies qoN mgroN bxy AYkt (gurduAwrw AYkt 1925) ivc is`KW ny AwpxI mμg qoN vI bhuq kuJ Gt hwisl kIqw[ BwvyN smJOqy dI ieh glbwq Pyl ho geI[

nwnkwxw swihb ‘qy muV kbzw krn dI koiSS
jd AkwlIAW qy srkwr dw smJOqw nw ho sikAw qW srkwr ny is`KW nUM dbwaux vwsqy Pyr hQkMfy vrqxy SurU kr id`qy[ srkwr ny mhMq Drm dws qoN dr^wsq lY ky 23 Agsq 1924 dy idn cODrI Zulwm AlI Sy^Upurw nUM nwnkwxw swihb dw ‘rsIvr’ muk`rr kr id`qw qy gurduAwry dw kMtrol Awpxy h`Q ivc lYx dI koiSS kIqI[ ies sbMD ivc 40 ispwhI 22 Agsq nUM hI nwnkwxw swihb phuMc gey sn[ sInIAr sb j`j eI. lUeI ny hukm jwrI kr id`qw ik nwnkwxw swihb dy mujwry, Tykydwr, ikrweydwr vZYrw gurduAwrw kmytI nUM kuJ nw dyx qy rsIvr dy hukmW hyT c`lx (AkwlI qy prdysI, 26 Agsq 1924)[ (vyKo: pUrw AdwlqI hukm, A^bwr dI irporitMg), Agly s&y ’qy)[

SrqW nwl kuJ AwgUAW dIAW irhweIAW
sB qoN pihlW pRo. qyjw isG 23 dsμbr 1924 ƒ irhw kr id`qy gey[ iPr 23 PrvrI 1925 ƒ pRo. nirμjn isμG, nrYx isμG bYirstr qy Cy hor isμG irhw kr id`qy[ dUjy jQy ’coN cwr mYNbrW ny ApIl kIqI Aqy irhw ho gey[ ies ’qy pRo: joD isμG AYm.AYl.sI. ny kONsl ’c svwl puiCAw ik jd irhw hoey cOhW qy bwkI 44 dw ieko kys hY qW bwkI AwgU vI C`fy jwx[ sr jOhn mInwrf ny ikhw ‘‘auh vI ApIl krn jW srkwr pws drKæwsq dyx qW C`fy jw skdy hn[’’ 31 mwrc 1925 ƒ qIjy j`Qy ivcoN 5 hor AwgU irhw kr id`qy gey[ pihly j`Qy ’coN vI kuJ isμG irhw kr id`qy[

9 julweI 1925 ƒ gvrnr pμjwb hylI ny kONsl ’c gurduAwrw ib`l qy bolidAW AYlwn kIqw ik ‘jo AkwlI ies gurduAwrw ib`l ƒ mnzUr kr lYx Aqy ies ’qy Aml krn dw Brosw idvwx, aunHW ƒ irhw kr id`qw jwvygw[’

lwhOr iklHy dy Aμdr dy bhuqy AkwlI ies g`l dy i^lw& sn ik SrqW mμn ky irhweI leI jwvy pr s:b: mihqwb isμG bwhr Aw ky kmytI aupr kbzw krn leI kwhly sn[ ienHIN idnIN srkwr vkIl pYtmYn ny gvrnr nwl g`lbwq kIqI Aqy iPr mihqwb isμG nwl[

14 julweI 1925 ƒ lwhOr dw kimSnr lYNgly mihqwb isμG ƒ imilAw [ aus ny disAw ik ‘‘mksd isr& aunHW ƒ jylH ivc r`Kx dw hY, ijhVy gurduAwrw ib`l qoN v`K srkwr dy i^lw& duSmxI dy jzby auBwrnw cwhuμdy hn Aqy sulHw Aqy smJOqy ƒ Atkwxw cwhuμdy hn[ lwhOr dy fI.sI. imstr EglvI muqwibk aunHW dI ^wihS ieh sI ik ‘‘srkwr nwl imlvrqx dy cwhvwn bwhr cly jwx Aqy ijhVy gurduAwrw ib`l qoN v`K, srkwr dy ivroDI hn, auh jylH ivc rihx ?’’ gMfw isMG, sm kwn&IfYNSl pyprz Aw& AkwlI mUvmYNt, s&y 159-63)[

srkwr ny cμgI qrHW vyK ilAw sI ik s:b: mihqwb isMG dw DVw jylH ’coN jwxw cwhuμdw hY[ srkwr grm dlIAW, Aqy Kws kr ky KVk isμG ƒ, irhw nhIN krnw cwhuμdI sI[ lwhOr iklHy ivc bμd AkwlIAW ivc Pu`t pY hI cukI sI[ qyjw isμG smuμdrI ny do-iqμn mhIny Tihrx dw suJwA id`qw pr ieh vI mnzUr nw hoieAw[ mihqwb isμG ƒ srkwr dy Jukx dI koeI Aws nhIN sI[ aus dI dlIl ieh sI ik bwhr dy AwgU imlvrqxIey sn Aqy auh smJOqw cwhuμdy sn[

^Yr, mihqwb isμG pwrtI ny srkwr Agy hiQAwr su`t id`qy[ 21 jnvrI 1926 ƒ irswldwr suμdr isμG Aqy irswldwr rxjoD isμG ny gvrnr dIAW SrqW mnzUr kr ky irhweI lY leI[
25 jnvrI 1926 ƒ bwvw hrikSn isμG ny Adwlq ivc hylI dIAW SrqW mμnidAW ikhw ik ‘‘ies (gu: AYkt) kwƒn dy pws ho jwx ipCoN is`DI kwrvweI krn dI koeI loV nhIN rih geI[ ies leI mYˆ is`K gurduAwirAW dy pRbμD dy sbμD ivc koeI isDI kwrvweI nhIN krWgw Aqy eImwndwrI qy pUry idl nwl AYkt ƒ Aml ivc ilAwvWgw[ hkIkq ieh hY ik mYˆ pihloN hI pμQ ƒ ies qy Aml krn dI ApIl kIqI hoeI hY[’’ ies qoN bwAd 19 hor AwgUAW ny vI iehI g`l dohrweI Aqy auh vI irhw kr id`qy gey[ ienHW ivc (1) guridq isμG bihlolpur (2) s:b: mihqwb isμG (3) ig: Syr isμG (4) mwstr mihqwb isμG (5) ipAwrw isμG kYnyfIAn (6) gopwl isμG swgrI (7) kpqwn rwm isμG (8) Bgq jsvμq isμG (9) dwn isμG vCoAw (10) pRIqm isμG Anμdpur (11) pRo: swihb isG (12) dlIp isμG (13) ikrpwl isμG AμimRqsr (14) gurb^S isμG id`lI (15) guridq isμG AYfItr nySn (16) ikSn isμG AμimRqsr (17) bwl isμG kYnyfIAn (18) b^SIS isμG (19) imq isμG kYnyfIAn[ ienHW dIAW irhweIAW dI bhuqy is`KW ny inMdw kIqI[ bbr Syr ny qW aunHW nUM ‘il`d kr Awey‘ vI ikhw[ (vyKo: ‘bbr Syr’ dw 3 &rvrI 1926 dy prcy dw zmImw, iesy ikqwb ivc)[

18 PrvrI 1926 dy idn qyjw isμG cUhVkwxw vI ienHW dy ip`Cy qurdw bixAw[ pr 15 AkwlI AwgUAW ny SrqW mμnx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw[ (ieh swry 7 mhIny mgroN 27 sqμbr 1926 ƒ irhw hoey[) ieh AkwlI AwgU sn: (1) qyjw isμG smuμdrI (ijnHW dI mOq 17 julweI 1926 ƒ jylH ’c ho geI) (2) mwstr qwrw isμG (3) Bwg isμG vkIl (4) gopwl isμG kOmI (5) srmuK isμG Jbwl (6) sohn isμG joS (7) syvw isG TIkrIvwlw (irhweI bhuq mgroN hoeI) (8) qyjw isμG AkrpurI (9) hrI isμG jlμDrI (10) gurcrn isμG vkIl (11) bwbU iqRpq isμG (12) sμqw isμG sulqwn ivμf (13) qyjw isμG Givμf (14) hrI isμG AYfItr AkwlI (15) rwey isμG (dljIq isμG) kwauxI[

ienHW AkwlIAW au~qy mukdmw cldw irhw[ pr AwiKr 13 sqμbr 1926 ƒ srkwr ny AYlwn nμbr 4442-AYs muqwibk SRomxI AkwlI dl qy SRo. kmytI ƒ bwZI krwr dyx vwlw hukm vwps lY ilAw qy 27 sqμbr 1926 ƒ bwkI AkwlI vI irhw kr id`qy gey[

gurduAwrw AYkt dw bxnw
20 &rvrI 1921 ƒ nwnkwxw swihb dy kqlyAwm qoN bwAd srkwr vloN gurduAwirAW vwsqy iek kmytI bxwaux dw crcw Awm hox lg ipAw sI[ ies sbμDI 14 mwrc 1921 ƒ mIAW &zlI husYn ny pμjwb kONsl ivc iek mqw pyS kIqw: ‘‘ieh kONsl sUby dy Drm AsQwnW dy ieμqzwm leI srkwr ƒ iek ib`l bxwaux dI ApIl krdI hY, gvrnr jnrl ƒ kihμdI hY ik auh ies sbμDI pihly iek AwrfInYNs jwrI kry, ijs rwhIN ik Drm AsQwnW dy ieμqzwm ƒ TIk kIqw jw sky[’’ ieh vI qjvIz hoeI ik Drm AsQwnW dw ib`l pyS ho ky pws hox qk is`K gurduAwirAW leI iqμn mYNbrW dw iek kimSn nIAq kIqw jwvy jo JgVy vwly gurduAwirAW dw pRbμD krvwey[ kONsl ivc ihμdU qy muslm mYNbrW ny vI ies kimSn
dw mYˆbr bxwey jwx dI mμg kIqI[ is`K mYNbrW ny ies mqy dy l&jW dI ivroDqw kIqI qy vot nw pweI[ pr ZYr-is`K votW nwl mqw pws ho igAw[

ApRYl 1921 ivc PzlI husYn ny iek gurduAwrw ibl pμjwb kONsl ivc pyS kIqw[ ies muqwibk ‘‘ijs gurduAwry dy pujwrI jW jwiedwd sbμDI pVqwl krn ’qy srkwr dI qs`lI hovygI, aus ƒ gurduAwrw krwr id`qw jwvygw jW JgVy vwlI QW mμinAw jwvygw[ aus sbμD ivc jo borf bxygw ijs dw ^rc gurduAwirAW ’coN hovygw[’’ is`K mYNbrW ny ies ibl dI ivroDqw kIqI[ ies qy ib`l islYkt kmytI ƒ dy id`qw igAw[ ies kmytI ivc mihqwb isμG, krqwr isμG, hrnwm isμG qy dsONDw isμG mYNbr sn[ aunHW not ilKvwieAw ik ‘‘is`K gurduAwrw auh QW hY ij`Qy is`KW dw kbzw hY, jW gurUAW dI QW hY nw ik auh ijs ƒ ik srkwrI kimSn mnjUr kry[ gurduAwrw borf is`K mYNbrW dI mrzI nwl cuixAw jwvy Aqy ^rc gurduAwrw &μf ’coN nw hovy[’’

11 ApRYl 1921 ƒ SRomxI kmytI ny ies ibl ƒ nw-qslIb^S krwr dy id`qw[ 16 ApRYl ƒ ibl iPr pyS hoieAw Aqy 9 meI 1921 qk mulqvI ho igAw 23 ApRYl 1921 ƒ srkwr vloN s`dI mhμqW dI kwn&rμs ivc lwlw gnpq rwey qy rwjw nirμdr nwQ mhμqW vloN Swiml hoey[ ies qoN ibnW keI kONslr, vzIr qy hor muKI vI sn[ is`K muKIAW ny sB ƒ iqμn g`lW qy sihmq kr ilAw –
1 cμgy ie^lwk vwlw mhμq hI gurduAwry ’c rhy[
2 gurduAwrw ieμqzwm leI iek pμQk kmytI bxy[
3 Awmdn Krc dw ihswb pbilk ƒ id`qw jwvy[
26 ApRYl ƒ dobwrw mIitμg hoeI Aqy ies ivc mhμqW dy nuμmwieμidAW ny 1920 vwlI mirAwXw jwrI r`Kx dI mμg kIqI[ aunHW ieh vI izd kIqI ik gurduAwrw borf dy do-iqhweI mYNbr is`K qy bwkI dUjy DrmW ’coN hox[ pRDwn vI srkwr hI bxwvy[ mhμqW ny ieh vI cwihAw ik koeI XUrpIn hI prDwn hovy[ ienHW kwrnW kr ky ieh mIitμg vI PylH ho geI[

ies qoN mgroN 7 nvμbr 1922 ƒ &zlI husYn ny iek gurduAwrw ibl pμjwb kONsl ivc pyS kIqw[ ies ivc pμj is`K mYNbr vI ibl bxwaux vwlI kmytI ivc sn ijs ’coN cwr ny pihloN hI qy pμjvyN, hrid`q isμG bydI, ny 5 nvμbr 1922 ƒ AsqI&w dy id`qw sI[ ies qrHW ieh ibl Awpxy jnm qoN pihlW hI ^qm ho igAw[

gurduAwrw AYkt bxwaux dI qIjI koiSS 25 nvμbr 1924 ƒ SurU hoeI[ ies idn pμjwb kONsl dy is`K mYNbrW: joD isμG, nrwiex isμG vkIl, qwrw isμG mogw, mμgl isμG qy gurb^S isMG Aμbwlw dI iek kmytI bxweI geI jo AμimRqsr dy ifptI kimSnr p`kl Aqy lwhOr dy ifptI kimSnr AYmrsn nwl iml ky gurduAwrw AYkt bxwvy[ ienHW ƒ mdd leI do kwƒndwn kμvr dlIp isμG bYirstr qy imstr bIzly id`qy gey[
ies gurduAwry ib`l dy Aihm nukqy ieh sn:
(1) is`K gurduAwry ikhVy hn ?
(2) aunHW dI jwiedwd ikhVI hY ?
(3) ies ieμqzwm dI qbdIlI nwl ijnHW ƒ nukswn hoxw hY aunHW ƒ muAwvzw ikμnw qy ikvyN dyxw hY[
(4) ienHW gurdvwirAW dw ieμqzwm ikvyN kIqw jwvygw qy kOx krygw[

29 nvμbr 1924 qoN 6 dsμbr 1924 qk ies kmytI dIAW keI mIitμgW hoeIAW[ 12 qy 14 dsμbr 1924 ƒ Pyr mIitμg hoeI 21 jnvrI 1925 ƒ ies ibl dw KrVw Cwp id`qw igAw[
ies ibl sbμDI jo vI KrVw bxdw sI lwhOr iklHy ivc kYd AkwlI AwgUAW ƒ aus dIAW kwpIAW phuμc jWdIAW sn[ aunHW dI mrzI nwl ibl iqAwr ho irhw sI[ ienHW mIitμgW ivc auprly nukiqAW sbμDI bhuq ivcwrW hoeIAW[

ies AYkt hyT pihlI ilst ivc 241 gurduAwry sn ijnHW ivcoN 64 pUrbI pμjwb (hux Bwrq hyT) Aqy 177 p`CmI pμjwb (hux pwiksqwn hyT) dy sn[ ies qoN ibnW 116 AKwVy qy fyry vZYrw vI dUjI sUcI ivc sn; ienHW ƒ gurduAwry nhIN mμinAw igAw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw ieh md vI sI ik koeI vI 50 is`K iksy gurduAwry ƒ ies kmytI ƒ dyx dw mqw pyS kr skdy sn[ (is`K gurdvwrwz AYkt, 1925)[

ies AYkt dI sB qoN v`fI KUbI ieh sI is`K bIbIAW ƒ vot dw h`k hwisl ho igAw sI[ Bwrq ivc ieh h`k sB qoN pihlW is`K bIbIAW ƒ hI imilAw[ AYkt ivc ieh vI KulH sI ik ieh sYNtrl borf cwhvy qW Awpxw koeI vI nW rK skdw hY[ ieh iesy kwrn mμinAw igAw sI ikauNik AkwlI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI nW hI r`Kxw cwhuμdy sn[
21 jnvrI 1925 ƒ ies ibl dy KrVy dy CwieAw hox ’qy SRomxI kmytI ny 1 mwrc 1925 ƒ kmytI dI mIit`g s`d leI pr srkwr ny swrI fwk rok leI[ ies kwrn ieh ib`l 27 ApRYl 1925 ƒ Akwl q^q ’qy kmytI dy jnrl smwgm ivc riKAw igAw[ ies idn SRo: gu: pR: kmytI ny ib`l pws kr id`qw[ jsvμq isμG Jbwl ny ib`l aupr Apxw vKrw not ilKvwieAw ik ‘‘hwlwq qy loV ƒ mu`K r`K ky mYN ies ib`l dI ivroDqw nhIN krWgw[’’ SRomxI kmytI ny mqw pws kIqw ik –
‘‘gu: ib`l 1925 sbμDI fUμGI ivcwr dy bwAd ieh rwie kIqI hY ik ieh ib`l gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dIAW bhuq swrIAW loVW ƒ pUrw krdw hY[’’
SRomxI kmytI ny hyT ilKIAW qrmImW pyS kIqIAW:
1. Akwl q^q qy kysgVH vI SRomxI kmytI kol hox [
2. AOrqW ƒ vI vot dw h`k hovy[
3. gurduAwrw Awmdn, Drm, ividAw qy dwn leI Krc hovy[
ieμ\ SRomxI kmytI ny iek qrHW nwl ieh ib`l mnzUr kr ilAw[ 7 meI 1925 ƒ ieh ib`l islYkt kmytI ƒ id`qw igAw qy 2 mhIny ipCoN 9 julweI 1925 ƒ qwrw isμG (mYNbr kONsl) vloN pyS kIqw ieh ibl iSmlw iejlws ivc pws kr id`qw igAw[ 28 julweI ƒ gvrnr vloN mnzUrI dyx ’qy ieh ib`l AYkt bx igAw[ ieh AYkt 1 nvμbr 1925 qoN lwgU ho igAw[ (aus qoN bwAd A`j qk ies ib`l ivc bhuq qrmImW Aqy qbdIlIAW hoeIAW hn)[

ieh gurduAwrw AYkt is`KW dy bhuq swry AwgUAW ny aus vkq mnzUr nhIN kIqw[ keIAW ny qW bhuq hI ivroDqw kIqI, pr aunHW ƒ ieh kdwicq nhIN pqw sI ik ies AYkt dy bx jwx nwl aunHW dI qwkq jQybμd ho geI hY[ iesy AYkt ny is`KW jW SRomxI AkwlI dl dI hoNd kwiem r`Kx ivc bVI mdd kIqI Aqy auh vI aus vkq jdoN ies AYkt dI AxhoNd ivc, AkwlI dl Swied ^qm ho igAw huμdw[pr dUjy pwsy ies AYkt ny gurduAwirAW au~qy kbzy vwsqy lVweI dw muF vI b`iJAw[ kuJ swl qW TIk irhw pr mgroN gurduAwirAW qy auhI lok kwbz ho gey jo skl-sUrq qoN qW isK hn pr AMdroN mhMqW qy msMdW qoN byhd mwVy sn/hn)[

ies AYkt kwrn is`KW ny iek ArD-rwj (Half State or State with in a State) vwlI qwkq hwisl kr leI sI[ ies dw nqIjw 1926 qoN A`j qk sw& nzr AwauNdw hY[

bbr AkwlI lihr
(not: keI ‘bbr’ dI jgh ‘b`br’ ilKdy hn jo bhuq byeizqI BirAw hY; ‘bbr’ dw mwAnw hY Syr Aqy ‘b`br’ dw mwAnw hY ‘iF`f’)

nwnkwxw swihb dy swky, 200 is`KW dy vhSIAwxw kqlyAwm Aqy ies ivc srkwr dI SmUlIAq ny ij`Qy Awm is`KW ivc ros pYdw kIqw, au~Qy nOjvwnW, swbk ZdrI AwgUAW Aqy &OjIAW ivc zbrdsq roh vI pYdw kIqw[ hr pwsy crcw sI ik BwvyN zwhrw qOr qy nwnkwxw swihb dw kqlyAwm mhμq nrYx dws qy aus dy ikrwey dy guμifAW ny kIqw hY pr ies dI izμmydwrI imstr ikμg (cI& kimSnr lwhOr), imstr krI (fI. sI. lwhOr), imstr bOirμg (suprfYNt sI.AweI.fI.), krqwr isμG bydI, bsμq dws mwxk dI vI brwbr dI hY[ (mgroN vI srkwr hI nhIN AMgryz j`jW ny vI, fyF sO is`KW nUM qsIhy dy ky kql krn Aqy sVn vwly, mhMq nwrwiex dws dI mdd kIqI[ hor qW hor nrYx dws nUM jdoN iqhwV jylH id`lI ByijAw igAw qW aus nUM goirAW vwlI bYrk ivc r`iKAw igAw qy ‘ey’ klws dIAW shUlqW mwxdw irhw)[

ies swky qoN mgroN kuJ KwVkU nOjvwn Awps ivc imly Aqy swky dy ienHW izμmydwr S^sW ƒ soDx (kql krn) dw mqw pws kIqw[ 1921 ivc is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs huiSAwrpur ivc 25 qoN 27 mwrc qk hoeI[ kuJ KwVkU is`K (ijnHW mgroN bbr AkwlI dl bxwieAw) qy rl ky KwVkU AYkSn krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies muihMm ivc mwstr moqw isMG, dlIp isμG (swDVw), ikSn isμG gVrwj (biVMg), qwrw isμG (TyTr), bylw isμG (GolIAw), qoqw isMG (ipSwvr), nrYx isμG (cwtIivμf), vqn isμG (knyfIAn) Swiml sn[

pihlw AYkSn PylH hoxw qy szwvW
ies KwVkU jQy ny sB qoN pihlw AYkSn bOirμg (suprfYNt sI.AweI.fI.) dy kql dw cuixAw igAw[ pr 23 meI 1921 ƒ ies muihμm ’qy inkly bylw isμG qy gμfw isμG ƒ swDU isμG (lwhOr) ny igR&qwr krvw id`qw[ mgroN gμfw isμG vwAdw muAw& gvwh bx igAw ijs kr ky cYNcl isμG knyfIAn (jμifAwlw), Twkr isμG (Byjovwl), cqr isμG (jyTUvwl), pRym isG gRμQI (cumwlw swihb), ibSn isμG (Syrpur, pitAwlw), swDU isμG sUhIAw vZYrw igR&qwr kIqy gey sn[ ies kys ivc qwrw isμG TyTr, qoqw isμG ipSwvr, bylw isμG GolIAw, nrYx isμG cwtIivμf, Amr isμG kot bwry ^wn, pRym isμG cumwlw dy i^lwP 8 nvμbr 1921 ƒ kys clwieAw igAw[ ienHW qoN ielwvw mwstr moqw isμG, ikSn isμG gVg`j, ibjlw isμG GVUAW, gurbcn isμG ikSnpurw qy Amr isμG idhlxI ƒ m&rUr krwr idqw igAw[

18 meI 1922 dy idn Adwlq ny ies kys dw &Yslw kIqw; ies hyT qoqw isMG qy qwrw isMG TyTr nUM pMj-pMj swl, bylw isMG GolIAw (knyfw vwlw Zdwr nhIN) nUM cwr swl, cMcl isMG jMifAwlw nUM iek swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI[ gMfw isMG, jo vwAdw muAw& gvwh bixAw sI, aus nUM Aqy Amr isMG (kot b`fy), nYx isMG (cwtI ivMf), pRym isMG gRMQI nUM sbUqW dI Gwt dy nW ’qy brI kIqw igAw[ ies kys ivc mwstr moqw isMG, ikSn isMG gVgj, gurbcn isMG AMbwlw, vqn isMG kwhrI swhrI, Amr isMG id`lI, ibjlw isMG igR&qwr nhIN ho sky sn ies kr ky ieh swry m&rUr krwr id`qy gey[

ienHW ivcoN mwstr moqw isMG qW keI vwr ipMfW ivc iek`T kr ky lYkcr dy ky puls nUM JkwnI dy ky iPr inkl jiweAw krdw sI[ 15 nvMbr 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivc bbr AkwlI AwgU moqw isMG vI styj ‘qy hwzr sn; aunHW ny vI styj qoN lYkcr kIqw Aqy lYkcr dy ky Zwieb ho gey qy puls vyKdI rih geI[

A^Ir iek vwr Aijhw mOkw vI AwieAw ik puls nUM aus dI mOjUdgI dw pqw lgw pr auh kwbU nw Aw sikAw; ies ’qy puls ny aus swry ipMf nUM szw dyx dw hukm jwrI kIqw qW aus ny Awpxy Awp nUM igR&qwrI vwsqy pyS kr id`qw; ieh Gtnw 16 jUn 1922 dI hY[ mwstr moqw isMG SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl dy Asl moFIAW ivcoN vI iek sI[

ckrvrqI jQw
ies mgroN BweI ikSn isμG gVg`j ny m&rUr (ckrvrqI) rih ky ‘ckrvrqI jQw’ bxw ilAw[ ies jQy dw mksd pμQ doKIAW ƒ szw dyxw, twaUtW qy JolI cu`kW ƒ soDxw, AμgryzW dy i^lw& pRcwr krnw sI[ aunHIN idnIN BweI ikSn isμG qoN ielwvw BweI krm isμG dOlqpurI vI Aijhw hI iek vKrw jQw bxw ky kwrvweIAW kr rhy sn[ kuJ icr mgroN ies soc dy swry is`K iekTy ho gey qy aunHw ny sWJIAW kwrvweIAW krnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ aunHW ny iek ^uPIAw A^bwr vI SurU kr ilAw[ ies A^bwr dw AYfItr krm isμG dOlqpurI sI[ auh Awpxy nW nwl ‘bbr’ q^`lus iliKAw krdw sI[ hOlI-hOlI ienHW dy jQy dw nW ‘bbr AkwlI jQw’ mShUr ho igAw[ ies jQy dI A^bwr ‘gVg`j AkwlI’ ny bhuq swry KwVkUAW ƒ Awpxy nwl joV ilAw[ hOlI-hOlI ies jQy ivc bhuq swry nOjvwn Swiml ho gey[

ies jQy dy muK kwrkuμn ieh sn: mwstr moqw isμG, ikSn isμG gVg`j, krm isμG dOlqpurI, audY isμG rwmgVH JuMgIAW, Dμnw isμG bihblpur, ibSn isμG mWgt, dlIp isμG qy ipAwrw isμG DwmIAW, bwbU sμqw isμG inDVk hirEN, krm isμG iJμgV, dlIp isμG swDVw, hrb^S isμG j`sovwl, nμd isμG, krm isμG hrIpur, mihμdr isμG pμforI gμgw isμG, virAwm isμG D`ugw, jvwlw isμG, hzwrw isμG mμfyr, dlIp isμG gosl, bμqw isμG prwmpur, suμdr isμG m^sUspur, nμd isμG GuiVAwl, munSw isμG jOhl, jsvμq isμG Kusropur, Awqmw isμG Kusropur, aujwgr isμG ibsrwmpur, iSv isμG hrIpur, muxSw isμG jOhl, inrvYr isμG, krqwr isμG, hukm isμG, mihμgw isμG, aUDm isμG BuJμgI, imlKw isμG, Twkr isμG, b^SIS isμG, bUtw isμG (swry pμforI in`JrW), hrnwm isMG shIpur, Twkr isμG, hrI isμG, bμqw isMG (swry dOlqpur), virAwm isμG, krqwr isμG, rwm isMG (swry mjwrw kWvW), rqn isμG sINgVIvwlw, rqn isMG r`kVW byt, Arjn isμG sUμF, Awqmw isμG bIkw, bsμq isμG rμDwvw, Cjw isμG mswxIAW, jgjIq isμG kTwr, aUDm isμG jμfU isμGw, du`mx isμG pμforI mhwqmw, Swm isμG rihμsIvwl, Amr isμG rwjovwl, vqn isμG gxySpur, Twkr isμG Bwrtw, imlKw isμG morWvwlI, hrI isμG Kμfw colW, hrbμs isμG srhwlw klW, Bgvwn isμG &qihpur koTI, C`jw isμG jwxQU, dlyl isμG mμnxhwnw, srdUl isμG bUVobwlI, bμqw isμG bihblpur, suμdr isμG bRwhmx kot &qUhI, surjn isμG ihAwqpur ruVkI, Drm isμG ihAwqpur ruVkI, hridq isμG, lwB isμG, krm isμG, krn isμG, hridq isμG dUjw (swry j`sovwl), gurbcn isμG sWDVw, nrYx isμG cwtIivμf, gμgw isμG lIlH klW, pRqwp isμG CbIlpur, mwn isμG goibμdpur, ibAμq isμG nμgl klW, Amr isμG DwlIvwl, drSn isμG, cμdw isμG, drbwrw isμG, Drm isμG, mUlw isμG (swry plwhI), Bwn isμG mWgt, cYNcl isμG sμgqpur, surjn isμG fumylI, krqwr isμG goNdpur, krqwr isμG v`fI fumylI, dlIp isμG mwxko, krqwr isμG fumylI vZYrw[

dlIp isMG gosl, krm isMG iJMgV qy Awqmw isMG bIkw igR&qwr
6 jnvrI 1923 dy idn ikhr isMG iJMgV dI ZdwrI kwrn iqMn sInIAr bbr AkwlI dlIp isMG gosl, krm isMG iJMgV qy Awqmw isMG bIkw igR&qwr kr ley gey[ aunHW nUM bbr srgrmIAW krn 5-5 swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI[ mgroN jdoN bbr swzs kys clwieAw igAw qW aunHW ‘qy dobwrw muk`dmw clwieAw igAw Aqy ‘kwly pwxI’ (AMfymwn jylH ivc) Byjx dI szw idqI geI[

bbrW dy kuJ kwrnwmy
nMgl Swmw dw pulIs twaUt bUtw isMG mwirAw (11 mwrc 1922)

11 mwrc 1922 dy idn bbr AkwlIAW ny pulIs mu^br nMbrdwr bUtw isMG vwsI nMgl SwmW nUM ^qm kr id`qw[ AYkSn krn vwly sn: ipAwrw isMG DwmIAW, DMnw isMG bihblpur qy bMqw isMG DwmIAW[

bbrW ny 179 JolI-cukW dI ilst iqAwr kIqI
22 mwrc 1922 dy idn bbr AkwlIAW krm isMG dOlqpur, DMnw isMG bihblpur, audY isMG rwmgVH JMugIAW ny bbr lihr dy swry KwVkU AYkSnW dIAW izMmydwrIAW Awpxy nW lYx dI Ardws kIqI qy sB nUM ikhw ik koeI vI isMG Awpxy nW ’qy koeI AYkSn nhIN lvygw qW jo iksy hor dy prvwr jW irSqydwrW nUM pulIs qMg n kry[ aunHW ny 179 JolI-cukW dI ilst iqAwr kIqI ijnHW nUM soiDAw jwxw sI[

puls twaUt hrnwm isMG nUM szw id`qI (20 meI 1922)
20 meI 1922 dy idn bbr AkwlIAW ny puls twaUt s&YdpoS hrnwm isMG mhdIpur, jo srkwr nUM bbrW, AkwlIAW Aqy hor ienklwbIAW dy i^lw& sUhW idAw krdw sI, ’qy hmlw kIqw qy aus dIAW l`qW v`F id`qIAW[ bbrW dI blYk ilst ivc aus dw nMbr 15 sI[ bbr aus nUM do mhIny pihlW vwrinMg vI dy cuky sn pr auh iPr vI nhIN tilAw sI[ hrnwm isMG ’qy hmlw krn vwly sn: Amr isMG (v`fw), Amr isMG (in`kw), hzwrw isMG qy C`jw isMG; ienHW kol isr& fWgW qy ikrpwnW sn pr ipsqOl koeI nhIN sI; ieh cwry bbr rwq vyly kMD t`p ky aus dy ivhVy ivc pu`j gey qy kpVw mUMh ivc dy ky aus dI Avwz bMd kr id`qI; ies mgroN aunHW ny aus nUM ^Ub fWg vwhI Aqy iPr ikrpwn nwl l`qW v`F id`qIAW[

ibCoVI dy nMbrdwr kwkw qoN srkwrI mwmlw KoihAw (3 julweI 1922)
1922 ivc jd bbr AkwlIAW ny AMgryz A&srW Aqy mu^brW nUM soDx dw mqw pws kIqw qW aunHW kol hiQAwrW vZYrw dI bhuq kmI sI[ ies kr ky aunHW ny srkwrI mwmlw iljwx vwly AihlkwrW nUM h`Q pwaux dI socI[ ies islisly ivc sB qoN pihly AYkSnW ivc Swiml sI[ 3 julweI 1922 dy idn gVHSMkr mwmlw iljWidAW aus qoN mwmly dI rkm Koh leI geI[ ies AYkSn ivc Swiml sn: bbr krm isMG dOlqpur, audY isMG rwmpur JMgIAW, hrnwm isMG ruVkw qy pRym isMG mwjo[ KohI geI ies 575 rupY dI rkm nwl bbrW ny iek sweIklostweIl mSIn Aqy kuJ hiQAwr KrIdy[ mgroN iesy mSIn ‘qy ‘bbr AkwlI’ A^bwr CwipAw jWdw huMdw sI[

jwflw ivc fwkw (2 &rvrI 1923)
bbr AkwlIAW ny hiQAwr ^rIdx vwsqy pYisAW dw ieMqzwm krn leI 2 &rvrI 1923 dy idn jwflw (nyVy nvWSihr) dy syT munSI rwm dy Gr fwkw mwirAw[ ies AYkSn ivc krm isMG dOlqpur, audY isMG rwmgVH qy rwm isMG Swiml sn[ bbrW nUM vyK ky syT Gbrw igAw pr aus dI ^uSiksmqI ik iek idn pihlW auh 21000 rupY mMfI ivc r`K AwieAw sI[ ^Yr ie`QoN bbrW nUM isr& 180 rupY qy tUMbW imlIAW[ ienHW tUMbW nUM gihxy r`K ky ies swrI rkm nwl ihmwcl dy Sihr nwhn qoN 1 bMdUk, 25 golIAW qy 2 ikrpwnW KrIdIAW[

mu^br ibSn isMG zYldwr rwxI bUAw dw kql (10 &rvrI 1923)
10 &rvrI 1923 dy idn bbr AkwlIAW ny puls dy mu^br zYldwr ibSn isMG rwxI bUAw nUM kql kIqw[ ieh AYkSn bbr sMqw isMG dI AgvweI hyT kIqw igAw sI[

SrDw rwm puls twaUt dw kql (13-14 &rvrI 1923)
nvWSihr izlHw bbr AkwlI lihr dw sB qoN qgVw sYNtr sI[ bhuq bbr iesy zon ivcoN sn[ blwcOr qoN gVHSMkr jwx vwlI rof ‘qy ipMf smuMdVw dw SrDw rwm puls dw bhuq v`fw twaUt sI[ auh bbrW dI ih`t ilst ‘qy sI[ mgroN puls dy h`Q l`gI ies ilst ivc aus dw nMbr 109 sI[SrDw rwm dw A`goN iek hor twaUt dIvwn nW dw muMfw sI[ bbr SrDw rwm Aqy dIvwn nUM ^brdwr kr cuky sn pr aunHW dy mUMh nUM lhU l`gw hoieAw sI ies kr ky auh tlyy nhIN[ iesy ielwky ivcly ipMf hXwqpur dy surjn isMG, suMdr isMG qy Drm isMG bbr AkwlIAW dy ihmwieqI sn[ bbr aunHW kol Aksr TihirAw krdy sn[ iek idn suMdr isMG ny bbrW nUM ieqlwh id`qI ik 13 &rvrI 1923 dy idn ipMf ivc ivAwh hY Aqy rwq nUM mYN aus dIvwn nUM iksy brwqI dw kMTw lwaux dy bhwny nwl lY AwvWgw[ qusIN iek dm aus nUM ^qm kr dyxw[ 13-14 &rvrI dI rwq nUM mOkw qwV ky plwn muqwibk suMdr isMG dIvwn nUM s`d ilAwieAw[ auQy pujidAW hI audY isMG bbr ny dIvwn nUM golI mwr id`qI; ies dy nwl hI Awsw isMG ny qlvwr nwl aus dw isr v`F id`qw[ ies mgroN iqMnW hXwqpurIAW ny surjn isMG dI hvylI ivc 5 Put toAw put ky dIvwn dI lwS nUM d`b idqw[ (6 mhIny mgroN suMdr isMG hXwqpurIAw ny ZdwrI kIqI qy puls nUM ds id`qw[ puls ny 3 Agsq 1923 dy idn zmIn pu`t ky dIvwn dI lwS brwmd kIqI)[

jmSyr stySn ‘qy Dwvw (3 mwrc 1923)
bbrW ny hiQAwr ^rIdx vwsqy kuJ rkm hwisl krn dI soc nwl 3 mwrc 1923 dy idn jmSyr stySn qy hmlw kIqw pr aus idn auQy ^zwnw nw ho skx kwrn isr& QoVHI ijhI rkm hI hwisl kr sky[

sUbydwr gyNdw isMG GiVAwl dw kql (17 AprYl 1923)
17 AprYl 1923 dy idn bbr AkwlIAW (sMqw isMG, krm isMG, nMd isMG AnUp isMG) ny srkwrI mu^br sUbydwr gyNdw isMG GiVAwl nUM kql kIqw; aus ny bbrW dy i^lw& pulIs nUM bhuq fwierIAW id`qIAW sn qy bbrW ‘qy Cwpy puAwey sn[ auh ikMny hI icr qoN bbrW dI ih`t ilst ‘qy sI[

puls twaUt rlw isMG qy id`q isMG kql (20 meI 1923)
20 meI 1923 dy idn bbr AkwlIAW ny do puls twaUtW, rlw isMG qy id`q isMG, jo kOlgVH dy rihx vwly sn, nUM kql kIqw[ ieh dovyN s`ky Brw bbrW Aqy hor ienklwbIAW dy i^lw& puls nUM sUhW idAw krdy sI[ bbrW ny ienHW nUM keI vwr roikAw sI pr ieh nhIN tly sn; A^Ir 20 meI dy idn bbr krm isMG dOlqpur qy aunHW dy swQI ienHW dy ipMf pu`jy; A`gy ieh vwVy ivc bYTy hu`kw pI rhy sn; bbrW nUM vyK ky auh auT pey qy Awpxy Gr lY Awey[ aunHW dy Gr phuMcx mgroN bbrW ny aunHW nUM kql kr id`qw[

mu^br muhMmd Aqw mwirAw (6 jUn 1923)
6 jUn 1923 dy idn bbr AkwlIAW ny nMdw cOr dy puls mu^br muhMmd Aqw nUM kql kIqw; ies AYkSn ivc bMqw isMG, dlIp isMG DwmIAw, DMnw isMG kotlI Swiml sn[

kotlI bwvw dws dw mu^br juAwlw isMG soiDAw (13 nvMbr)
is`KW dy kwqlW, duStW qy srkwrI mu^brW nUM soDx vwqy 1921 dy A^Ir ivc SurU hoeI hiQAwrbMd ‘bbr AkwlI’ lihr dy jrnYlW DMnw isMG kotlI qy virAwm isMG Du`gw ny kotlI bwvw dws dw bdnwm muKbr juAwlw isMG nUM aus dy ipMf ivc hI 13 nvMbr 1923 dy idn soiDAw[

bbr lihr dw A^Ir
bbrW ny hor vI bhuq swry sUhIey, jgIrdwr qy hor mujirm kql kIqy[ 1922 qoN 1924 qk bbr AkwlI lihr Awpxy isKr ’qy sI[ pr, ies lihr dy dOrwn hI keI AwgU igR&qwr kr ley gey[ bbr AkwlI lihr dy moFI jQydwr ikSn isMG gVgj nUM 26 &rvrI 1923 dy idn igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ bwkIAW ivcoN swry muKI AwgU Shid ho gey[ krm isμG dOlqpur, ibSn isμG, mihμdr isμG bbylI ’c 1 sqμbr 1923 dy idn, bμqw isμG DwmIAW qy jvwlw isμG 12 dsμbr 1923 dy idn mMfyr ivc, virAwm isμG Du`gw 8 jUn 1924 dy idn AYkSn dy dOrwn ShId ho gey[ DMnw isMG bihblpur 26 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn ShId ho gey[ ies nwl ies lihr dw pRcMf rUp ^qm ho igAw[

muK ShIdI swky

bbylI dw swkw (1 sqMbr 1923)
bbr AkwlI lihr ivc Swiml hoey AnUp isMG mxko ny eInwm dy lwlc ivc ieMdr isMG, boG isMG (spYSl kWstybl) rwhIN puls nwl iml ky ZdwrI krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ ies swzS hyT aus ny bbr AkwlI lihr dy muKI AwgU krm isMG dOlqpur, ibSn isMG, mihMdr isMG pMforI gMgw isMG, audY isMG rwmgVH JuMgIAW nUM 31 Agsq 1923 dy idn ipMf bbylI ivc myhr isMG bbylI (izlHw huiSAwrpur) dy Gr lY AWdw qy auDr ausy Swm nUM boG isMG qy aus dy pu`qr jsvMq isMG nUM puls suprfYNt imstr simQ nUM ieqlwh dyx vwsqy Byj id`qw; ausy rwq nUM hI puls dI iek v`fI DwV ny ipMf bbylI nUM Gyrw pw ilAw Aqy 1 sqμbr 1923 dI svyr nUM jd ienHW bbrW ny vyiKAw ik puls dI v`fI DwV aunHW nUM GyrI KVI hY qW aunHW ny puls ‘qy golIAW clwaux dy nwl-nwl byeIN ndI vl vDxw SurU kr id`qw[ ies dOrwn puls vI aunHw dw ip`Cw krdI rhI[ A^Ir auh cwry hI ndI ivc iTlH pey pr puls ny aunHW ‘qy ndI ivc vI golIAW dw mINh vrHwauxw jwrI r`iKAw; ies nwl audY isMG qy mihMdr isMG ShId ho gey pr krm isMG qy ibSn isMG z^mI ho ky pr lMG gey[ puls ny ies dOrwn vI golIAW clwauxIAW jwrI r`KIAW ijs nwl BweI krm isMG qy ibSn isMG vI ShId ho gey[[ ies hmly ivc 1400 pulsIAW qy &OjIAW ny ih`sw ilAw sI[ ienHW cwr ShIdIAW nwl bbr lihr dw qkrIbn ^wqmw hI ho igAw[

DMnw isMG bihblpur dI ShIdI (26 AkqUbr 1923)
bbr AkwlI lihr dOrwn sB qoN Aihm GtnwvW ivcoN BweI DMnw isMG bihblpur dI ShIdI ^ws QW rKdI hY[ DMnw isMG ny bhuq v`fy AYkSn kIqy hoey sn Aqy ibRitS puls aus dy ip`Cy peI hoeI sI[ aus dI igR&qwrI vwsqy v`fw eInwm vI r`iKAw hoieAw sI[ DMnw isMG dI iek ZlqI ny hI aus nUM Psw id`qw[ aus ny knyfw ivc is`KW nUM kql krvwaux vwly srkwrI twaUt bylw isMG dy Brw juAwlw isMG nwl dosqI r`KI hoeI sI[ juAwlw isMG ny krm isMG mMnxhwnw (izlHw huiSAwrpur) nwl rl ky eInwm dy lwlc ivc DMnw isMG nUM igR&qwr krvwaux dI swizS GVI[ iek idn plwn bxw ky juAwlw isMG DMnw isMG nUM krm isMG mMnxhwnw dy Gr Cf igAw qy dUjy pwsy sYNkVy pulsIAW dw Gyrw vI puAw id`qw[ krm isMG ny DMnw isMG dy hiQAwr vI lukw id`qy[ ies mgroN ds ispwhIAW ny aus ‘qy iek dm hmlw bol ky aus dy bwhvW qy pYr bMnH id`qy[ hux AMgryz A&sr hortn vI aus dy nyVy Aw igAw qy kihx lgw ‘DMnw isMG qUM kihMdw sI ik mYN ijaUNdw puls dy h`Q nhIN AwvWgw, hux ds ik`Qy igAw qyrw AYlwn?’ DMnw isMG ny ies smyN jYniknz vl gu`sy nwl vyiKAw qW hortn ny iek ispwhI nUM aus dIAW A`KW ‘qy p`tI bMnHx vwsqy ikhw[ ies ‘qy DMnw isMG ny ikhw ik jy mrd hYN qW Awp p`tI bMnH lY[ gu`sy ivc jd hortn DMnw isMG dy nyVy AwieAw qW DMnw isMG ny pUry zor nwl AwpxI kUhxI mwr ky k`C vwlw bMb clw id`qw[ ieh bMb bhuq qwkqvr sI; ies nwl kol KVHw iek hOldwr, iek d&ydwr, 3 ispwhI mwry gey qy nyVy KVHI iek m`J vI mr geI[ ies qoN ielwvw hortn, jYniknz, Qwnydwr gulzwrw isMG z^mI hoey[ Qwnydwr Aqy ispwhI mwhlpur jw ky mr gey[ hortn jlMDr dy hspqwl ivc dm qoV igAw Aqy jYniknz vlYq jWdw klk`qy ivc mr igAw[ ieM\ sdI dw sB qoN kmwl dw KwVkU AYkSn kr ky DMnw isMG ny ShIdI pweI[ ieh ShIdI 26 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn hoeI sI[

bMqw isMG DwmIAW qy jvwlw isMG dI ShIdI (12 dsMbr 1923)
muMfyr dw jgq isMG bbr AkwlIAW nwl nyVqw rKdw sI[ auh nIAq dw byeImwn sI; iek vwr aus ny hzwrw isMG nW dy iek swQI qoN irvwlvr ilAw Aqy iPr aus nUM kih id`qw ik auh corI ho igAw hY; hzwrw isMG ny puls kol iSkwieq kIqI qW aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw; puls dI mwr dOrwn aus ny bbr AkwlIAW nwl vI Awpxy sbMD mMn ley Aqy irvwlvr vI brwmd krvw id`qw[ puls ny aus nUM ies Srq ‘qy C`f id`qw ik auh bbrW nUM igR&qwr krvweygw[ 12 dsMbr 1923 dy idn bMqw isMG DwmIAW, jvwlw isMG ShId, virAwm isMG Du`gw iqMny cotI dy bbr aus dy Gr pu`jy[ aus ny aunHW dI rotI pwxI dw ieMqzwm kIqw qy aunHW nUM Awrwm krn vwsqy kih ky KyyqW ivc kMm krn dy bhwny bwhr inkl igAw Aqy jlMDr CwauxI ivc jnrl iPts nUM ^br dy id`qI[ dupihr qk fI.sI. jYkb qy supfYNt puls sYNkVy AMgryz &OjI Aqy do mSIn gMnW lY ky auQy pu`j gey Aqy ipMf nUM swry pwisAW qoN Gyrw pw ilAw Aqy swry ipMf vwsIAW nUM ipMf qoN bwhr iPrnI ‘qy Aw jwx vwsqy hukm kIqw[ jd B`j dOV dI Awvwz bbrW nUM suxweI id`qI qW aunHW ny bwhr ingwh mwrI[ jd aunHW swry ipMf nUM &Oj dw Gyrw ipAw vyiKAw qW aunHW ny &Yslw kIqw ik QoVHw QoVHw mukwblw kr ky &Oj nUM hnyrw pYx qk aulJweI r`iKAw jwvy Aqy hnyry dI Et ivc inklx dI koiSS kIqI jwvy[ ies dy nwl hI iqMny bbr jgq isMG dy Gr ivcoN inkl ky nwl lgdy byAMq isMG imsqrI dy Gr vV ky aus dy cObwry ivc phuMc hey Aqy puzIsnW lY leIAW[ fI.sI. jYkb ny h`Q dy spIkr qoN aunHW nUM ikhw ik qusIN swry pwisEN iGr cuky ho ies vwsqy Awpxy Awp nUM &Oj dy hvwly kr idE[ jd auh Ajy bol hI irhw sI qW iek bbr ny aus v`l golI clweI; auh bc qW igAw pr aus mgroN &Oj ny aunHW ‘qy golI clwauxI SurU kr id`qI[ bbr ruk-ruk ky golI clwauNdy rhy[ jd &Oj ny vyiKAw ik kwmXwbI nhIN iml rhI qW aus ny byAMq isMG imsqrI dy mkwn nUM A`g lw id`qI[ pihlW qW bbrW nUM A`g dw pqw nw l`gw pr jd DUMAW bhuq au`iTAw qW auh bwhr inkl Awey[bMqw isMG DwmIAW qy jvwlw isMG ShId mUhrly dr ivcoN inkly Aqy inklidAW hI mSIn gMn dy &wierW nwl ClxI ho ky ShId ho gey[ virAwm isMG Du`gw ny ipCly pwsy ClWg mwr ky B`jx dI koiSS kIqI[ auQy vI &OjI KVy sn; virAwm isMG Du`gw ny aunHW ‘qy &wier kIqw; jd iek ispwhI golI nwl z^mI ho igAw qW bwkI &OjI Et l`Bx vwsqy dOVy[ eyny ivc virAwm isMG hnyry dI Et ivc bc ky inkl igAw[

virAwm isMG Du`gw dI ShIdI (8 jUn 1924)
12 dsMbr 1923 dy idn muMfyr ivc bc ky inkl jwx mgroN 8 jUn 1924 dy idn, bbr AkwlI virAwm isMG Du`gw, TIkrIvwl c`k 54 lwielpur, ivc puls dy Gyry ivc Aw igAw; aus ny puls dy h`Q Awaux dI QW puls suprfYNt fIgyl nUM golI mwrn mgroN ShIdI hwisl kIqI[

igR&qwrIAW, muk`dmy qy szwvW
bbrW dy kys ivc 96 isμGW ƒ igR&qwr kr ky aunHW ’qy mukdmw clwieAw igAw[ kys dOrwn bbrW ny pYrvI krn qoN nWh kr id`qI[ blik ikSn isMG gVg`j ny qW Adwlq ivc ibAwn dy ky SryAwm AYkSn krnw kbUl kIqw Aqy ikhw ik ‘AsIN AMgryzI AdwlqW nUM nhIN mMndy Aqy Drm vwsqy jwnW dyx vwsqy hr vyly iqAwr hW[’

igR&qwr 96 bbrW ivcoN 5 pihloN hI brI kr idqy gey, swDw isMG pMforI in`JrW Aqy suMdr isMG hXwqpur muk`dmy dOrwn jylH ivc cVHweI kr gey qy bwkI 89 ivcoN 6 ƒ &WsI qy 49 ƒ v`K-v`K imAwd dIAW kYdW idqIAW geIAW[ 34 bbrW ’qy kys swibq nw ho sikAw qy auh C`fxy pey[ 28 &rvrI 1925 ƒ pμj bbrW ƒ &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ ieh pμj sn: ikSn isμG gVg`j, sμqw isμG inDVk DwmIAW, dlIp isμG BuJμgI DwmIAW, nμd isμG GuiVAwl qy krm isμG hrIpur[ mgroN hweI kort ny Drm isμG ihAwqpur ruVkI ƒ vI &WsI dI szw idqI[ (ienHW swirAW CyAW ƒ 27 &rvrI 1926 ƒ lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI dy idqI geI)[ hyT iliKAW ƒ aumr kYd hoeI: surjn isμG bIkw, Twkr isμG rwjovwl, dlIp isμG DwmIAW, ipAwrw isμG DwmIAW, suμdr isμG m^sUspur, krqwr isμG goNdpur, bUtw isμG pμforI in`JrW, hzwrw isμG mMfyr[ hyT iliKAW ƒ 14-14 swl kYd hoeI: lwB isμG j`sovwl, krqwr isμG pμforI in`JrW, mwn isμG goibμdpur, pRqwp isμG CbIlpur, Twkr isμG (Bwrtw), gurbcn isμG swDVw, hrI isμG, virAwm isμG, bμqw isμG (iqμny dOlqpur), hridq isμG qy hrI isμG (j`sovwl), virAwm isμG, rwm isμG qy krqwr isμG (iqμny mjwrw kWvW), bμqw isμG pRwgpur, krqwr isμG qy krqwr isμG dUjw (dovyN fumylI), Twkr isμG dOlqpur[ hyT iliKAW ƒ 7-7 swl kYd hoeI: aujwgr isμG ibsrwmpur, dlIp isμG mwxko, mUlw isμG plwhI, mihμgw isμG pμforI, sμq isμG hrIpur, Arjn isμG sUμF, Amr isμG rwjovwl, C`jw isμG mswxIAW, bμqw isμG bihblpur, du`mx isμG pμforI Awqmw[ (ienHW ivcoN suMdr isMG hXwqpur 13 dsMbr 1924 dy idn Aqy swDw isMG pMforI in`JrW 19 nvMbr 1924 dy idn jylH ’c cVHweI kr gey[ (bbr Syr AMimRqsr dy 30 jnvrI 1926 dy prcy dy s&w 5 ’qy 50 bbrW nUM imlIAW szwvW dI pUrI q&sIl CpI sI)[

BwvyN bbr AkwlI lihr gurduAwrw suDwr lihr ivcoN pYdw hoeI sI Aqy ies dy bhuqy AwgU SRomxI AkwlI dl dy isrkrdw kwrkun sn, pr AkwlI dl dI sYNtrl lIfriSp ny bbr AkwlIAW dIAW KwVkU kwrvweIAW dI mu^wl&q kIqI[ AkwlI dl dy bulwry ‘AkwlI qy pRdysI’ ny Awpxy 9 mwrc 1925 dy AYfItorIAl ivc, BwvyN bbrW nwl hmdrdI dw iezhwr vI kIqw qy ieh vI SryAwm AwiKAw ik ieh aunHW dI j`dojihd dw ihmwieqI hY[ pr AkwlI bulwry ny ieh vI AwiKAw ik bbr AkwlIAW ny hiQAwr cuk ky bVI BwrI glqI kIqI sI pr ienHW ƒ ies rsqy ’qy torn dI vjh gurU dw bwg morcy ivc purAmn is`KW ’qy kIqw igAw zulm sI[

28 &rvrI 1925 ƒ jdoN Aμgryz j`j ny bbrW dy mukdmy dw &Yslw suxwieAw qW aus ny bbrW ƒ ikhw ik auh cwhux qW ApIl kr skdy hn[ ies qy ikSn isμG gVg`j ny jvwb idqw:
“AsIN koeI ApIl nhIN krnI[ AsW jo kuJ kIqw hY AwpxI jwn bcwaux leI nhIN kIqw[ AsW pμQ dy vYrIAW, GwqIAW Aqy doKIAW dw suDwr kIqw hY[ swfy Brw, gurU Arjn swihb jI Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI vwlI purAmn jμg kr rhy hn[ AsW gurU hirgoibμd swihb jI Aqy gurU goibμd isμG swihb jI vwlw jμg kIqw hY[ AsW koeI is`K Drm qoN ault g`l nhIN kIqI[ jd swfy grUAW ny jwn dI prvwh nw kIqI qy auh s`cy SihnSwh Aqy do jhwn dy vwlI sn, qd swƒ mOq dI kI prvwh ho skdI hY[”

“AsIN Awpxy gurU dy is`K hW[ ijvyN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI ny ies dyh dw TIkrw AOrμgzyb dy isr qy Bμn id`qw sI, AsIN vI AwpxIAW dyhW dy TIkry lwfr rYifμg Aqy mYlkm hylI dy isr Bμndy hW[ AsIN &rμgI AdwlqW dy iensw& ’qy ieqbwr nhIN krdy[ AsIN pUry nwimlvrqxIey hW, ies leI AsIN koeI ApIl nhIN krnw cwhuμdy[”
“Awp AYvyN ApIl-spIl ivc vkq nw guAwE Aqy swƒ Jbdy &WsI cwhV idE[ jy kr Awp, ijμnI CyqI ieh SuB kμm ho sky krogy, qW AsIN Awpxy bVy Sukr guzwr hovWgy, ikauNik AsW Awpxy pRIqm dy dyS pu`jxw hY[ ies JUTy sμswr ƒ ijμnI CyqI C`fIey Enw hI cMgw hY[”
“ApIl qW qd krIey jy kr AsW koeI pwp kIqw hovy[ AsW auho kuJ kIqw hY jo kuJ gurU hirgoibμd swihb jI Aqy gurU goibμd isμG swihb jI ny kIqw sI[ aunHW ny vI ies qrHW dw kμm koeI rwj lYx vwsqy nhIN kIqw sI, blik swfw vI auho inSwnw hY[ ies leI AsW Awpxy gurU swihb dI pYrvI kIqI hY, koeI gunwh nhIN kIqw qW qy AsIN ApIl nhIN krWgy[”

26 PrvrI 1926 dy idn fwktr ny &WsI vwly CyAW is`KW dw muAwienw kIqw[ aus fwktr muqwibk auh swry Cy dy Cy, swrw smW Sbd pVHdy Aqy iek-dUjy nUM vDweIAW dyNdy rhy sn; qy ienHW ivcoN vI sB qoN vD ^uS BuJMgI nMd isMG sI, ijvyN ik aus dw ivAwh hovy[ 27 PrvrI nUM svyr dy 8 vjy BweI pRym isMG gRMQI lwhOr jylH pu`jy[ 8 vj ky 3 imMt ’qy jylH ivcoN au~cI-au~cI Sbd pVHn dIAW AwvwzW SurU ho geIAW[ pihlW ikSn isMG gVg`j, bwbU sMqw isMG qy dlIp isMG nUM &WsI dy q^qy ’qy iljwieAw igAw[ iek GMty ivc aunHW nUM &WsI dyx dI kwrvweI mukMml kIqI jw cukI sI[ ies qoN bwAd 9 vj ky 7 imMt ’qy Pyr jYkwirAW dI Awvwz AweI[ ies vwr krm isMG, Drm isMG qy BuJMgI nMd isMG nUM &WsI dy q^qy v`l iljwieAw jw irhw sI[ swFy nON vjy iek ispwhI jylH ivcoN AwieAw qy aus ny ikhw ik jy koeI vwirs hn qW lwSW iljw skdy hn[ sMgqW ivcoN iek jxw motr dw pRbMD krn clw igAw[ jd kw&I dyr qk motr nw Aw skI qW sMgqW ny g`ifAW ’qy kMbl ivCw ky iqMn g`ifAW qy Cy dyhW r`KIAW Aqy Sbd pVHdy hoey golbwg qoN huMdy hoey rwDwkuMf SmSwn iljw ky CyAW dw iek`iTAW dw sskwr kIqw (h&qwvwr bbr Syr AMimRqsr 5 qy 12 mwrc 1926, A^bwrW dI irporitMg dI &oto vyKo, iesy ikqwb ivc)[

srdUl isMG kvISr ny Awpxy prcy ‘sMgq’ dy mwrc 1926 dy AMk ivc iliKAw: “bs duAwby dy BrwvW vl Kwlsw jI dI AxgihlI dyK srkwr ny SRomxI AkwlI dl nUM bwZI krwr dy idqw[ SRomxI kmytI ny bygunwh duAwbIAW dI pUrI shwieqw nw kIqI, ijs dw nqIjw Pyr Awp BugiqAw qy Awp vI aunHW hI doSW ivc jkVI geI jyhVy doS bbrW ’qy lwey gey sn[ jy nwmDrIk bbrW dy vyly SRomxI kmytI kuJ BI hONsly qoN kMm lYNdI, qy ijhVy morcy ies dy AwgUAW ny AwpxI irhweI leI lgvwey, bygunwh duAwby dy vIrW vwsqy lWdI qW pMQ kdI vI ieqnIAW AOkVW ivc nw pYNdw[” (bbr Syr, 5 mwrc 1926)[

9 hor bbrW nUM &WsI dI szw
27 &rvrI 1927 dy idn 6 hor bbrW nUM &WsI id`qI geI sI[ ieh sn: in`kw isMG, mukMd isMG, gu`jr isMG, bMqw isMG, suMdr isMG qy eISr isMG[

jgq isMG kifAwxw kql kys ivc swDU isMG sWDrw, lwB isMG qy Bwn isMG rMDwvw msdW nUM 16 meI 1931 dy idn jlMDr jylH ivc &WsI id`qI geI sI[

AkwlI dl v`loN bbr AkwlIAW dIAW irhweIAW ’qy ^uSI dw mqw
AkwlI lihr (ijhVI ik AkwlIAW dI SWqmeI lihr dy ault duSt-soDU lihr sI) dOrwn bbrW ny bhuq swry muKbrW nUM kql kIqw; pr mu^brIAW kwrn ieh swry AwgU jW qW ShId ho gey qy jW igR&qwr kr ley gey; igR&qwrW ivcoN 6 nUM &WsI id`qI geI qy bwkIAW nUM v`K-v`K imAwd dIAW kYdW[ ienHW ivcoN bhuq swry bbr pUrIAW kYdW Bugqx mgroN ApRYl-meI 1938 ivc irhw hoey[ jd ieh lihr cl rhI sI qW AkwlI pwrtI ny ies dI mu^wl&q kIqI sI pr jd 31 meI 1938 ƒ AkwlI dl dw jnrl iejlws hoieAw qW ies ivc iek mqw pws kIqw igAw ijs ivc bbrW dI irhweI qy ^uSI zwihr kIqI geI sI[

krm isMG iJMgV dI irhweI qoN kuJ GMty pihlW mOq
krm isMG iJMgV nUM vIh swl dI kYd hoeI sI; aus nUM 14 swl kYd Bugqx mgroN 8 ApRYl 1938 dy idn irhweI imlxI sI; pr irhweI qoN kuJ GMty pihlW hI aus nUM hwrt AtYk hoieAw Aqy auh cVHweI kr igAw[

bbr lihr ^qm hox qoN bwAd dy kuJ kwrnwmy

knyfw ‘c is`KW nUM ShId krn vwlw bylw isMG kql (8.12.1933)
kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy jwx mgroN knyfw dy AMgryz hwkm is`KW nUM iksy nw iksy FMg nwl szw dyxw cwhuMdy sn[ aunHW nUM BweI Bwg isMG (iB`KI ivMf), BweI blvMq isMG (gRMQI), BweI bqn isMG (dlyl isMG vwlw), BweI suMdr isMG (bwVIAW) qy hrnwm isMG swhrI vDyry cuBdy sn[ AMgryzW ny is`KW dy i^lw& pulIs qy ^u&IAw mihkmy ivc iek sY~l kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI ijs dw ieMcwrj iek AMgryz hwpiknsn sI jo ieMtYlIjYNs mihkmy dw iek A&sr sI (auh iek ihMdU mW qy gory bwp qoN hox ky kuJ-kuJ pMjwbI vI smJ skdw sI)[ aus ny bylw isMG ijAwx, bwbU isMG, hrnwm isMG (imlsweIf gurduAwry dw iek swbkw gRMQI jo bwbU isMG dy nwl ieko kmry ivc rihMdw sI), Arjn isMG qy iek do hor pMjwbI Awpxy eyjMt bxwey hoey sn[ 31 Agsq 1914 dy idn hrnwm isMG dI lwS imlI; iksy ny aus dw isr v`F ky lwS jMgl ivc su`t id`qI sI (crcw sI ik ieh AYkSn jgq isMG surisMG, swizS kys vwlw nhIN, dw sI); ieh hrnwm isMG 17 Agsq qoN hI Zwieb sI[ ikauN ik puls nUM kwqlW dw pqw nw l`gw ies kr ky ZdwrW dy hOsly brU qrHW ifgy sn[ ZdwrW dI bdiksmqI ik 3 sqMbr nUM, Apxy hI iek dosq, rwm isMG h`QoN ZlqI nwl golI cl jwx kwrn Arjn isMG vI mwirAw igAw[ hux bylw isMG is`K AwgUAW ‘qy vwr krnw cwhuMdw sI[

5 sqMbr idn aus dy sskwr mgroN is`K gurduAwry ivc bYTy sI qW bylw isMG ny Bwg isMG (iB`KI ivMf, izlHw AMimRqsr) ’qy golIAW clweIAW[ aus dy bcwA vwsqy bqn isMG (dlyl isMG vwlw, izlHw mwnsw) A`gy AwieAw[ bylw isMG ny aus ’qy vI &wier kr id`qw[ auh dovyN Agly idn cVHweI kr gey[ BwvyN srkwr ny bylw isMG ’qy muk`dmw clwieAw pr ieh idKwvy dI kwrvweI sI[ bylw isMG dy h`k ivc mukwmI ihMdUAW bwbU, Twkr, syvw, Amr, n`Qw, gMgU rwm qy fw: rGU nwQ qoN ielwvw hwpiknsn s&weI dy gvwh vjoN pyS hoieAw qy ienHW do kqlW nUM Awpxy bcwA vwsqy kIqy kql grdwinAw[

ies mgroN srkwr ny coKw eInwm Aqy zmIn dy ky bylw isMG nUM pMjwb Byj id`qw qy auh Awpxy ipMf ijAwx ivc hI rihx lg ipAw[ eyQy vI aus ny puls nUM bbr AkwlIAW dy i^lw& sUhW idqIAW[ aus kol srkwrI ih&wzq sI ies kr ky is`K aus nUM szw nw dy sky[ hOlI hOlI auh vI is`KW v`loN byi&krw ho igAw[ A^Ir 8 dsMbr 1933 dy idn jd auh iek`lw SihroN Aw irhw sI qW bbrW ny aus nUM kql kr id`qw[ aus dy kql sbMDI hrI isMG sUMF, b^SIS isMG c`byvwl, eISr isMG jMfolI Aqy hzwrw isMG m`kI ’qy muk`dmw clwieAw igAw pr sbUq nw iml skx kr ky auh brI ho gey[

Zdr lihr dw mu^br, ikrpwl isMG kql (29 jUn 1933)
Zdr lihr dw mu^br, ikrpwl isMG (ipMf bMgV, AMimRqsr), ijs dI ZdwrI kwrn 20 &rvrI 1915 dy idn qkrIbn swry hI muKI ZdrI AwgU igR&qwr kr ley gey sn Aqy ienHW igR&qwrIAW dy kwrn hI Zdr lihr &ylH ho geI sI; AYnIAW igR&qwrIAW krvwaux bdly ikrpwl isMG nUM 5 mur`by Xwin 125 ik`ly zmIn (keI jgh mur`bw 25 qy keI jgh 20 ik`ly dw vI huMdw sI) eInwm ivc imlI hoeI sI; igR&qwr hoxoN bc gey ZdrI AwgU Aqy bbr AkwlI aus dw Qhu pqw lwaux dI koiSS krdy rhy; aunHW nUM 18 swl qk pqw nw lg sikAw ik ikrpwl isMG nUM mulqwn ivc zmIn imlI sI; pr A^Ir ZdrI jrnYlW nUM aus dI irhwieS dw rwz iml hI igAw Aqy 29 jUn 1933 dy idn aunHW ny aus nUM c`k nMbr 102/15 AY~l, qihsIl Kwnyvwl, mulqwn ivc, aus dy Gr ivc jw ky hI, kql kr id`qw[

Zdwr AnUp isMG mwxoky kql (20 jUn 1936)
AnUp isMG isMG iek sMjdw is`K sI; 1921 ivc aus nUM ikrpwn r`Kx dy kys ivc szw ho cukI sI; jd bbr AkwlI jQw bixAw qW bwbU sMqw isMG rwhIN ieh vI ies ivc Swiml ho igAw; pr, mgroN iek AOrq dy ieSk ivc Ps ky Awpxy cwcy boG isMG dI mdd nwl Zdwr bxn vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw[ 1923 ivc bbylI swkw (ijs ivc cwr muK bbr: krm isMG dOlqpur, audY isMG, ibSn isMG qy mihMdr isMG ShId ho gey sn; ijs nwl bbr lihr iek iksm dI ^qm hI ho geI) dI mu^brI AnUp isMG mwxoko ny kIqI sI[ 1924 qk BwvyN swry bbr ShId jW igR&qwr ho cuky sn pr iPr vI ie`kw-du`kw bbr bcy hoey sn[ 20 jUn 1936 dy idn krqwr isMG ikrqI (c`k bwgVIAW, jlMDr izlHw), gurid`q isMG klyr (mMiFAwlI, jlMDr izlHw) qy aujwgr isMG pinhwlIAW, huiSAwrpur izlHw) ny mOkw qwV ky AnUp isMG ’qy hmlw kr ky aus nUM mwr id`qw[ ies kys ivc krqwr isMG ikrqI c`k klW qy gurid`q isMG dlyr mMFwlI nUM &WsI (ienHW nUM mulqwn jylH ivc &WsI id`qI geI sI) Aqy aujwgr isMG (jo isr& 16 swl dw sI) nUM aumr kYd hoeI sI (mgroN auh hweI kort ivcoN brI ho igAw sI)[

mu^br krm isMG mMnxhwxw dw kql (25 mwrc 1940)
DMnw isMG bihblpur bbr AkwlI lihr dw iek v`fw QMm sI; aus dI ShIdI vwly idn mu^brI krm isMG mMnxhwxw ny kIqI sI[ bbr aus nUM szw dyxw cwhuMdy sI pr auh 17 swl bicAw irhw A^Ir 25 mwrc 1940 dy idn aus nUM Ajwieb isMG (dwKw, luiDAwxw) qy bicMq isMG (FuMFwlI, PgvwVw kol) ny kql kr id`qw[ ies kql kys ivc bicMq isMG nUM 5 jUn 1941 dy idn lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI id`qI geI sI[ Ajwieb isMG iek mukwbly ivc mwirAw igAw sI[

gurU dw bwZ ‘c is`KW dI zwlmwnw ku`t-mwr krn vwlw bItI kql
gurduAwrw gurU-dw-bwZ (ipMf Gu`kyvwlI, izlHw AMimRqsr) dy morcy ivc jwx vwilAW j`iQAW nUM AMgryz puls Aqy aus dy qn^whdwr pTwx ispwhI Aqy ikrwey ’qy ilAWdy guMifAW qoN kutvwieAw jWdw sI; ieh ku`tmwr 25 Agsq 1922 qoN 13 sqMbr 1922 qk cldI rhI sI; ies dw izMmydwr iek AMgryz puls A&sr AYs. jI. AYm. bItI (S. G. M. Beaty) sI[ ieh bItI mgroN mlyrkotlw irAwsq dw pulIs cI& vI bixAw sI[au~QoN htwey jwx mgroN auh hrnwmI nW dI iek AOrq nwl rihx lg ipAw[ 27 jUn 1940 dy idn krqwr isMG qy bcn isMG ny aus dy Gr jw ky aus nUM cwlwkI nwl kql kr id`qw[ ies kys ivcoN ieh dovyN qW brI ho gey pr iksy hor kys ivc auh 1952 qk pitAwly ivc kYd rhy[ ies lihr dw ieh Swied Aw^rI AYkSn sI[

bbr AkwlI lihr (1921-25) BwvyN QoVHw icr hI rhI pr iesy soc ny mgroN gVgj AkwlI jQw (ig: hrbμs isμG srhwlw klW ShId 1944) qy bbr Kwlsw (bwnI jQydwr qlivμdr isμG, ShId 15 AkqUbr 1992) Aqy 1984 qoN mgroN KwVkU jQybMdIAW ƒ jnm id`qw[ bbr qy AkwlI, drAsl, hr s`cy is`K dy Aμdr vsdy hn qy jdoN auh jwgdy hn qW Akwl purK A`gy Ardwis kr ky jUJ jWdy hn[

bbrW dIAW Aw^rI ShIdIAW
rqn isMG rk`VW byt dI ShIdI (15 julweI 1932)
BwvyN 1925 ivc ieh lihr ^qm ho geI sI pr iPr vI ies soc ny is`KW ivc QW bxweI r`KI[ iesy lihr dw iek ih`sw rqn isMG r`kVW byt (22.3.1893 – 15.7.1932) sI jo Agly s`q swl kuJ kuJ AYkSn krdw irhw[ rqn isMG (pu`qr nMbrdwr jvwhr isMG qy bIbI goKI) 1912 ivc ibRitS &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw qy qkrIbn 7 swl nOkrI krdw irhw sI pr aus ny &rvrI 1919 ivc ifscwrj lY ilAw[ ies mgroN auh bbr lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw[ A^Ir aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ 23 ApRYl 1932 dy idn jd aus nUM ryl gfI rwhIN iljwieAw jw irhw sI qW auh gwrd dy gory ieMcwrj nUM mwr ky Prwr ho igAw[ srkwr ny aus dI igR&qwrI vwsqy v`fy ienwm dw AYlwx kr id`qw[ julweI ivc auh ruVkI Kws (pihlW izlHw huiSAwrpur, hux nvWSihr) ivc Awpxy iek dosq goNdw isMG bbr dy Gr ivc pnwh leI bYTw sI qW gVHI kwnUMgoAW dy mIhW isMG ny eInwm dy lwlc ivc puls nUM ^br dy id`qI[ ies ’qy 15 julweI dy idn puls Aqy &Oj ny 200 dI igxqI ivc goNdw isMG dy Gr nUM Gyrw pw ilAw qy mkwn ‘qy golwbwrI SurU kr id`qI[ kw&I icr qk auh iek`lw hI mukwblw krdw irhw pr A^Ir &Oj ny aus Gr nUM chuMAW pwisAW qoN A`g lw id`qI qy auh ShId ho igAw[ ies mukwbly ivc 2-3 puls A&sr vI mwry gey sn[

hrbMs isMG srhwlw klW dI ShIdI (3 ApRYl 1944)
sB qoN A^Ir qy PiVAw jwx vwlw hrbMs isMG srhwlw klW sI ijs ny gupq rih ky ‘Xug pltwaU dl’ bxw ilAw sI[ auh 10 jnvrI 1943 dy idn igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw Aqy aus ‘qy kwlkw golI kWf Aqy krqwrpur kql kWf sbMDI muk`dmw clw ky &WsI dI szw suxweI geI; aus nUM 3 ApRYl 1944 dy idn aus nUM PWsI dy idqI geI[ ies dw iek swQI SmSyr isMG morWvwlI sYlw Kurd inh`kw Pwhy tMigAw igAw sI[

bbr lihr nwl sbMDq srgrm is`KW dI igxqI 143 bxdI hY[

{All this material is copy right of Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer)