ਸਿੱਖ ਤਵਾਰੀਖ਼ ਦੇ ਸਾਢੇ ਪੰਜ ਸੌ ਸਾਲ

ਜਦੋਂ ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ ਇਸ ਧਰਤੀ ’ਤੇ ਮਿਹਰਬਾਨ ਹੋ ਜਾਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਉਹ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਵਰਗੀ ਹਸਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਜਨਮ ਦੇਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਤਕਰੀਬਨ ਚਾਲ੍ਹੀ ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਕਿਲੋਮੀਟਰ ਸਫ਼ਰ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਵਖ-ਵਖ ਮੁਲਕਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਜਾ ਕੇ, ਵਖ-ਵਖ ਧਰਮਾਂ, ਅਕੀਦਿਆਂ ਤੇ ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਮਾਹਿਰਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਵਿਚਾਰਾਂ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਇਕ ਮੁਕμਮਲ ਧਰਮ ਦੀ ਨੀਂਹ ਰੱਖੀ।ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਇਨਸਾਨ ਨੂੰ ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ ਨਾਲ ਜੋੜਿਆ ਅਤੇ ਰੱਬ ਨੂੰ ਹਰ ਵੇਲੇ ਚੇਤੇ ਰਖਦਿਆਂ ਸੱਚਾ ਜੀਵਨ, ਉੱਚਾ ਇਖ਼ਲਾਕ, ਇਨਸਾਨੀਅਤ ਦੀ ਪਾਹੁਲ ਵਾਲੀ ਭਾਈਚਾਰਕ ਸਾਂਝ, ਰੂਹਾਨੀਅਤ ਦੇ ਰμਗ ਵਿਚ ਰμਗੀ ਸਿਆਸਤ, ਇਲਮ ਨਾਲ ਲਬਰੇਜ਼ ਸ਼ਖ਼ਸੀਅਤ ਤੇ ਸੱਚੇ ਧਰਮ ਨੂੰ ਧਾਰਨ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦਿਤੀ। ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦਾ ਧਰਮ ਪਹਿਲੋਂ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਧਰਮਾਂ ਵਾਂਗ ਇਕ ਵਖਰਾ ਜਾਂ ਨਵਾਂ ਧਰਮ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ। ਇਹ ਤਾਂ ਰੱਬ ਦਾ ਧਰਮ ਸੀ ਨਾ ਕਿ ਇਨਸਾਨ ਦਾ।

ਪμਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੇ ਕਦੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਧਰਮ ਨੂੰ ਅਖ਼ਤਿਆਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ ਕੀਤਾ। ਇੱਥੋਂ ਦੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੇ ਹਾਕਮ ਰਾਜੇ ਅਸ਼ੋਕ ਜਾਂ ਹਰਸ਼ ਵਰਧਨ ਦਾ ਬੁਧ ਧਰਮ ਅਖ਼ਤਿਆਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਕੀਤਾ। ਇੱਥੋਂ ਦੇ ਲੋਕ ਹਿμਦੂ ਨਹੀਂ ਬਣੇ। ਜਦੋਂ ਜੋਗੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਬੋਲਬਾਲਾ ਸੀ, ਇਥੋਂ ਦੀ ਜਨਤਾ ਨੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਬੂਲਿਆ। ਏਥੇ ਕੁਝ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੇ ਡਰ, ਲਾਲਚ ਤੇ ਮਜਬੂਰੀ ਵਿਚ ਇਸਲਾਮ ਨੂੰ ਕਬੂਲ ਕੀਤਾ। ਪਰ ਜਦੋਂ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਸੱਚੇ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਪੈਗ਼ਾਮ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਤਾਂ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਪμਜਾਬ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ, ਹਿμਦੂਸਤਾਨ (ਯੂ.ਪੀ., ਐਮ.ਪੀ. ਵਗ਼ੈਰਾ), ਬμਗਾਲ, ਅਸਾਮ, ਦੱਖਣ, ਦਵਾਰਕਾ, ਮਾਲਵਾ ਦੇਸ਼, ਸ੍ਰੀ ਲμਕਾ, ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ, ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ, ਈਰਾਨ, ਈਰਾਕ, ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ ਦੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੇ ਵੀ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਅੱਗੇ ਸਿਰ ਨਿਵਾਇਆ। ਸਾਰੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਮਕਬੂਲ ਹੋਏ। 1507 ਵਿਚ ਸੁਲਤਾਨਪੁਰ ਲੋਧੀ ਤੋਂ ਚਲ ਕੇ ਪμਦਰਾਂ ਸਾਲ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਮਾਜੀ-ਰੂਹਾਨੀਅਤ ਦਾ ਮੀਂਹ ਵਰ੍ਹਾਇਆ। 1522 ਤੋਂ 1539 ਤਕ ਉਹ ਨਵੇਂ ਵਸਾਏ ਸਿੱਖ ਨਗਰ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿ ਕੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਪμਥ ਨੂੰ ਜਥੇਬμਦ ਕੀਤਾ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਭਾਈਚਾਰੇ ਨੂੰ ਇਕ ਇੱਤਹਾਦ ਵਿਚ ਪਰੋਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਭਾਈ ਲਹਿਣਾ ਨੂੰ ਗੁਰੂ ਅμਗਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਵਜੋਂ ਗੁਰੂਤਾ ਸੌਂਪ ਦਿਤੀ। ਗੁਰੂ ਅμਗਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ਭਗਤਾਂ ਤੇ ਸੂਫ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਲੋਕ ਲਿੱਪੀ, ਸਿਧੋਙਾਇਆ, ਵਿਚ ਲਿਖਵਾ ਕੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਤਕ ਪਹੁμਚਾਇਆ (ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਇਸ ਸੇਵਾ ਕਾਰਨ ਸਿਧੋਙਾਇਆ ਨੂੰ ਗੁਰਮਖੀ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ ਮਿਲਿਆ)। ਗੁਰੂ ਅμਗਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਤਵਾਰੀਖ਼ ਲਿਖਣ ਦਾ ਵੱਲ ਵੀ ਸਿਖਾਇਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੀ ਜੀਵਨੀ (ਜਨਮਸਾਖੀ) ਲਿਖਵਾਈ। (ਇਹ ਵੱਖਰੀ ਗੱਲ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਜਨਮਸਾਖੀ ਅਜ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ ਤੇ ਉਸ ਵਿਚ ਰਲਾਅ ਪਾ ਕੇ ਨਵੀਆਂ ਜਨਮ ਸਾਖੀਆਂ ਲਿਖੀਆਂ ਜਾ ਚੁਕੀਆਂ ਹਨ)। ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਕਿਤਾਬੀ ਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਖੇਡ-ਵਿਦਿਆ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਖ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਕੀਤਾ।

ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਤੇਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਸਾਲ ਖਡੂਰ ਵਿਚ ਬਿਤਾਏ ਅਤੇ 1552 ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੂੰ ਗੁਰੂਤਾ ਸੌਂਪ ਗਏ। ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰਦਾਸ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਗੋਇμਦਵਾਲ ਨੂੰ ਇਕ ਮਾਡਲ ਨਗਰ ਵਜੋਂ ਕਾਇਮ ਕੀਤਾ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਵੀ ਲੋਕ ਭਲਾਈ ਦੇ ਕਈ ਪ੍ਰਾਜੈਕਟ ਛੋਹੇ। ਇਸ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਕਦਮ ਪਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਮਸਲਾ ਹੱਲ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਬਾਉਲੀ ਬਣਾਉਣਾ ਸੀ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਜਾਤ-ਪਾਤ ਦਾ ਵਿਤਕਰਾ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਮਿਲਣ ਆਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਹਰ ਸ਼ਖ਼ਸ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਲμਗਰ ਛਕਣਾ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਕੀਤਾ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਗੁਲਾਮੀ ’ਚੋਂ ਕੱਢ ਕੇ, ਪਰਦੇ ’ਚੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਲਿਆ ਕੇ, ਕੌਮੀ ਸੇਵਾ ਦਾ ਹਿੱਸੇਦਾਰ ਬਣਾਇਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜਥੇਬੰਦਕ ਇੱਤਹਾਦ ਵਿਚ ਪ੍ਰੋਣ ਅਤੇ ਦੂਰ-ਦੂਰ ਦੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਨਿੱਘੇ ਰਿਸ਼ਤੇ ਵਧਾਉਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਸਾਲ ਦੇ ਤਿμਨ ਵੱਡੇ ਇਕੱਠ ਕਰਨੇ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕੀਤੇ। ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਸਿੱਖ ਪμਥ ਇਕ ਵੱਡੇ ਟੱਬਰ ਵਾਂਗ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ। ਅਜਿਹੀ ਕੌਮੀ ਏਕਤਾ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਧਰਮ ਨੇ ਕਾਇਮ ਨਹੀਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਸੀ। ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ 22 ਸਾਲ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ।

1574 ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮਦਾਸ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਚੌਥੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਬਣੇ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਦੋ ਦਰਿਆਵਾਂ (ਰਾਵੀ ਤੇ ਬਿਆਸ) ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਇਕ ਨਵੇਂ ਮਾਡਲ ਨਗਰ ਦੀ ਨੀਂਹ ਰੱਖੀ। ਇਕ ਚμਗੇ ਟਾਊਨ ਪਲਾਨਰ ਵਾਂਗ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਇਕ ਨੀਵੀਂ ਥਾਂ ’ਤੇ ਦੋ ਵੱਡੇ ਸਰੋਵਰ (ਅμਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ ਤੇ ਸμਤੋਖਸਰ) ਬਣਾਏ। ਫਿਰ ਹਰ ਕਿੱਤੇ ਦੇ ਮਾਹਿਰ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੱਦ ਕੇ ਇਕ ਮੁਕμਮਲ ਨਗਰ ਨੂੰ ਕਾਇਮ ਕੀਤਾ। ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਸੱਤ ਸਾਲ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਿਚ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਉਹ ਵੱਡਾ ਕμਮ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਸਰਕਾਰਾਂ ਵੀ ਕਈ ਦਹਾਕਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਨ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ। ਜਿਸ ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਕਦੇ ਲਾਹੌਰ, ਸਿਆਲਕੋਟ, ਮੁਲਤਾਨ, ਜਲμਧਰ, ਸੁਲਤਾਨਪੁਰ ਦਾ ਚਰਚਾ ਹੁμਦਾ ਸੀ, ਹੁਣ ਉੱਥੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਦੇ ਚੱਕ ਦੀਆ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਹੋਣ ਲਗ ਪਈਆਂ। ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਕਸ਼ੇ ’ਤੇ ਇਕ ਲਾਸਾਨੀ ਨਗਰ ਕਾਇਮ ਹੋ ਚੁੱਕਾ ਸੀ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਦਸਵμਧ ਦੀ ਰਿਵਾਇਤ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਇਸ ਫ਼μਡ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਲੋੜਵμਦਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਭਾਈਚਾਰੇ ਨੂੰ ਅਮਲੀ ਸ਼ਕਲ ਵਿਚ ਇਕ-ਘਰ ਦਾ ਰੂਪ ਬਣਾ ਦਿਤਾ।

1581 ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਗੁਰਗੱਦੀ ਸμਭਾਲੀ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂਆਂ ਦੀ ਬਾਣੀ, ਭਗਤ ਬਾਣੀ, ਸੂਫ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਇਕੱਠੇ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਗੁਰੂ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਕੀਤਾ। (ਮਗਰੋਂ ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ ਨੇ 1678 ਵਿਚ ਇਸ ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਅਤੇ 6 ਅਕਤੂਬਰ 1708 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰμਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੂੰ ਗੁਰਗੱਦੀ ਸੌਂਪੀ ਸੀ)। ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਤਰਨਤਾਰਨ, ਗੋਬਿμਦਪੁਰ ਤੇ ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰ ਨਵੇਂ ਨਗਰ ਵਸਾਏ ਤੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਦਾ ਚੱਕ ਦਾ ਫੈਲਾਅ ਕੀਤਾ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਅਕਬਰ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ ਨੂੰ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਮੁਸ਼ਕਿਲਾਂ ਵੇਲੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਔਖਿਆਂ ਵੇਲਿਆਂ ’ਤੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਭਲਾਈ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਲμਗਰ ਲਾਏ, ਖੂਹ ਲੁਆਏ, ਬਾਉਲੀਆਂ ਬਣਵਾਈਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਸੇਵਾ ਨੂੰ ਜ਼ਿμਦਗੀ ਦਾ ਅਜਿਹਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਈ ਪੋਥੀਆਂ ਤਿਆਰ ਕਰਵਾਈਆਂ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ 25 ਸਾਲ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਅਖ਼ੀਰ, ਸੱਚੇ ਧਰਮ ਤੋਂ ਭਗੌੜੇ ਹੋਏ ਮੁਗ਼ਲ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ, ਜਹਾਂਗੀਰ ਦੇ ਹੁਕਮ ਨਾਲ, ਚμਦੂ ਦੀਆਂ ਹਦਾਇਤਾਂ ਹੇਠ ਤਸੀਹੇ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ। ਦੱਖਣ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਦੀ ਤਵਾਰੀਖ਼ ਵਿਚ ਇਹ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਸ਼ਹੀਦੀ ਸੀ।
ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਛੇਵੇਂ ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਗੋਬਿμਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਅਗਲੇ 38 ਸਾਲ ਇਸ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੀ ਸ਼ਹੀਦੀ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਧਰਮ ਨੂੰ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਤੇ ਫ਼ੌਜੀ ਹਮਲਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਬਚਾਉਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਕਾਇਮ ਕੀਤੀ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਜ਼ਾਲਿਮ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ ਦੇ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਨੂੰ ਰੱਦ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ ਦੇ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਦੀ ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰੀ ਦਾ ਐਲਾਨ ਕੀਤਾ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਧਰਮ ਅਤੇ ਸਿਆਸਤ, ਦੇਗ਼ ਅਤੇ ਤੇਗ਼ ਦੋਹਾਂ ਪੱਖਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਹੀ ਇਨਸਾਨ ਨੂੰ ਆਨ, ਸ਼ਾਨ ਤੇ ਰੂਹਾਨੀਅਤ ਨਾਲ ਜੀਣ ਦੇ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪμਜ ਹਮਲਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਮੁਕਾਬਲਾ ਕਰਨਾ ਪਿਆ ਪਰ ਪμਜੇ ਵਾਰੀ ਜਿੱਤਣ ਦੇ ਬਾਵਜੂਦ ਉਹ ਜੰਗਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਟਾਲਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਨੀਮ-ਪਹਾੜੀ ਇਲਾਕੇ ਵਲ ਚਲੇ ਗਏ ਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਆਖਰੀ ਨੌਂ ਸਾਲ (1635-44) ਕੀਰਤਪੁਰ ਵਿਚ ਬਿਤਾਏ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਸੱਚੇ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ ਵਾਂਗ ਅਣਖ ਨਾਲ ਜੀਣਾ ਚਾਹੁਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਬਾਗ਼ੀ ਰਾਜਪੂਤ ਰਾਜਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਨਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਜ਼ਾਲਮਾਂ ਦਾ ਮੁਕਾਬਲਾ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਡੱਟਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਰਾਜਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਫ਼ੌਜੀ ਮਦਦ ਵੀ ਦਿਤੀ। ਪਰ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਇਸ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਦੀ ਹਸਤੀ, ਇਸ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਦੀ ਤਾਕਤ ਤੇ ਇਸ ਲੋਕ ਹੁਲਾਰੇ ਨੂੰ ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਹਮਲੇ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਵਰਤਿਆ। ਉਹ ਇਸ ਸਭ ਨੂੰ ਇਨਸਾਨੀਅਤ ਦੀ ਹਿਫ਼ਾਜ਼ਤ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਵਰਤਦੇ ਸਨ। ਪਰ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਜਿੱਤਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਆਨ, ਸ਼ਾਨ, ਮਾਨ ਨੇ ਰੂਹਾਨੀਅਤ, ਇਨਸਾਨੀਅਤ, ਭਾਈਚਾਰਕ ਪਿਆਰ ਨੂੰ ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਫਿੱਕਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਪੈਣ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋਣ ਦਿੱਤਾ। ਗੁਰੂ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਤੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਰੂਹਾਨੀਅਤ ਵਿਚ ਭਿੱਜੀ ਹੋਈ ਆਨ, ਆਬਰੂ ਤੇ ਗ਼ੈਰਤ ਵਾਲੀ ਹਸਤੀ ਵਜੋਂ ਜ਼ਮਾਨੇ ਭਰ ਵਿਚ ਜਾਣੇ ਗਏ।

1644 ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਰਾਇ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਸਤਵੇਂ ਗੁਰੂ ਬਣੇ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ 17 ਸਾਲ ਕੌਮ ਦੀ ਸੇਵਾ ਕੀਤੀ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇ ਪੈਗ਼ਾਮ ਨੂੰ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਤਕ ਪਹੁμਚਾਉਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਦੂਰ-ਦੂਰ ਤਕ ਦੌਰਾ ਕੀਤਾ। ਮੁਗ਼ਲ ਸਲਤਨਤ ਦੇ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ ਔਰμਗਜ਼ੇਬ ਨੂੰ ਕਬੂਲ ਨਾ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਉਹ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਹਸਤੀ ਸਨ। ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਕਿਸ਼ਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ 1661 ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਮਿਸ਼ਨ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰਕ (ਗੁਰੂ) ਬਣੇ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਤਿμਨ ਸਾਲ ਗੁਰਗੱਦੀ ਸμਭਾਲੀ ਤੇ ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣਾਂ, ਮੁਗ਼ਲ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ ਅਤੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਵੱਡਾ ਸਮਝਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਕਈ ਹੋਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੀ ਅਜ਼ਮਤ ਦਾ ਅਹਿਸਾਸ ਕਰਵਾਇਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਪੈਗ਼ਾਮ ਦਿਤਾ ਕਿ ਵੱਡੀ ਸਲਤਨਤ ਦਾ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ ਵੀ ਹਊਆ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਬੇਇਨਸਾਫ਼ੀ ਅਤੇ ਧੱਕੇ ਅੱਗੇ ਸਿਰ ਝੁਕਾਉਣਾ ਗ਼ਲਤ ਹੈ।

1664 ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂਤਾ ਸμਭਾਲੀ। ਇਸ ਯ੍ਹਾਰਾਂ ਸਾਲ ਵਿਚ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦਾ ਪੈਗ਼ਾਮ ਬਕਾਲਾ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਲਾਸਪੁਰ ਅਤੇ ਤਲਵμਡੀ ਸਾਬੋ (ਮੁਲਤਾਨ ਰਿਆਸਤ) ਤੋਂ ਅਸਾਮ ਤੇ ਤ੍ਰਿਪੁਰਾ ਤਕ ਉੱਤਰ ਤੋਂ ਪੂਰਬ ਤਕ ਲੱਖਾਂ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਤਕ ਪਹੁμਚਾਇਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਚੱਕ ਨਾਨਕੀ ਦੀ ਨੀਂਹ ਰਖੀ ਤੇ ਇਕ ਨਵੇਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਨਗਰ ਦੀ ਕਾਇਮੀ ਕੀਤੀ। ਆਸਾਮ ਤੇ ਤ੍ਰਿਪੁਰਾ ਦੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਰਾਜਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਬਿਲਾਸਪੁਰ, ਹੰਡੂਰ, ਹਰੀਪੁਰ, ਨੂਰਪੁਰ, ਨਾਹਣ, ਨਦੌਣ, ਬਸਾਲੀ ਤੇ ਕਈ ਹੋਰ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੇ ਰਾਜੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਦੀ ਹਾਜ਼ਰੀ ਭਰਦੇ ਰਹੇ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ‘ਭੈ ਕਾਹੂμ ਕੋ ਦੇਤ ਨਹਿ, ਨਹਿ ਭੈ ਮਾਨਤ ਆਣ’ ਦਾ ਪੈਗ਼ਾਮ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜੋ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਯੂ.ਐਨ.ਓ. ਨੇ ਵੀ ਅਪਣਾਇਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਰਾਜਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਸਮਝੌਤੇ ਕਰਵਾਏ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਭਰ ਦੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਦਾ ਹੱਕ ਦਿਵਾਉਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਸ਼ਹੀਦੀ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਉਹ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਤੇ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ‘ਕੌਮਾਂਤਰੀ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ’ ਹਨ।

1675 ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿμਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਦਸਵੇਂ ਪਰਚਾਰਕ ਬਣੇ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਭਾਈਚਾਰੇ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣਾ ਪਿਛਲਾ ਜਨਮ, ਕਰਮ, ਧਰਮ, ਸ਼ਰਮ, ਭਰਮ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ ਨਿਆਰੇ ਅਤੇ ‘ਖਾਲਸਾ’ ਬਣਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ‘ਖੰਡੇ ਦੀ ਪਾਹੁਲ’ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕੀਤੀ। ਇਸ ਪਾਹੁਲ ਨੂੰ ਲੈਣ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਆਪਣਾ ਜਨਮ ਦਾ ਜ਼ਾਤ-ਪਾਤ, ਇਲਾਕਾ, ਰμਗ, ਜਨਮ ਸਭ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਇਕ ਟੱਬਰ ਦਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਬਣ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਕੇਸਾਂ ਤੇ ਕੇਸਕੀ (ਦਸਤਾਰ) ਧਾਰਨ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲਾ ਲਾਸਾਨੀ ਸਰੂਪ ਬਣਾਇਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਤਾਜ (ਦਸਤਾਰ), ਫ਼ੌਜ (ਇਕ ਸਿੱਖ = ਸਵਾ ਲੱਖ), ਹਥਿਆਰ (ਕਿਰਪਾਨ), ਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਲਿਬਾਸ (ਕਛਹਿਰਾ ਵੀ ਅਰੇਬ ਯਾਨਿ ਕਢਾਈ ਵਾਲਾ), ਉੱਜਲਤਾ (ਕੇਸਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਫ਼ਾਈ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਕμਘਾ) ਅਤੇ ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ ਦੀ ਯਾਦ ਦਾ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ (ਕੜਾ, ਜੋ ਹਰ ਵੇਲੇ ਗ਼ਲਤ ਕμਮ ਕਰਨੋਂ ਬਚਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਯਾਦ ਦਿਵਾਏ) ਦਿੱਤਾ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਰੈੱਡ ਕਰਾਸ ਦੀ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਇੱਟ ਰਖੀ ਤੇ ਭਾਈ ਘਨ੍ਹਈਆ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ ਇਸ ਦਾ ਮੁਖ ਸੇਵਾਦਾਰ ਬਣਾਇਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਚਾਰੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਕਰਵਾ ਕੇ ਆਪ ਵੀ ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ ਦੀ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਦਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਸਾਬਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਕਿ ਆਗੂ ਆਪਣੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ’ਤੇ ਆਪ ਵੀ ਅਮਲ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।

33 ਸਾਲ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਮਿਸ਼ਨ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਕਰਨ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਮਹਿਸੂਸ ਕੀਤਾ ਕਿ ਹੁਣ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਫ਼ਿਲਾਸਫ਼ੀ ਦਾ ਹੋਰ ਬਿਆਨ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਨਹੀਂ ਤੇ ਉਹ ਸਾਰਾ ਕੁਝ ‘ਸ਼ਬਦ ਗੁਰੂ’ ਤੋਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਕਰ ਕੇ 6 ਅਕਤੂਬਰ ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰμਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੂੰ ਗੁਰਗੱਦੀ ਸੌਂਪ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਤੇ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਸਦੀਵੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਥਾਪ ਕੇ ਜੋਤੀ-ਜੋਤਿ ਸਮਾ ਗਏ। ਉਹ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਬμਦਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਨੂੰ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਜ਼ਾਲਮ ਬਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਖ਼ਾਤਮਾ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿμਮੇਦਾਰੀ ਸੌਂਪ ਗਏ।

ਬμਦਾ ਸਿੰਘ 5 ਅਕਤੂਬਰ 1708 ਨੂੰ ਨμਦੇੜ ਤੋਂ ਚਲਿਆ ਅਤੇ ਭਗਵμਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਬμਗੇਸ਼ਰੀ ਦੇ ਟਾਂਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਸਫ਼ਰ ਕਰਦਾ ਡੇਢ ਕੂ ਸਾਲ ਵਿਚ ਦਿੱਲੀ ਤੇ ਪਾਨੀਪਤ ਦੇ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਖਰਖੌਦਾ ਕੋਲ ਪਹੁμਚ ਗਿਆ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਨੇਹੇ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਇਕੱਠਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਅਤੇ ਜ਼ਾਲਮਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਜ਼ਾ ਦੇਣ ਦਾ ਐਕਸ਼ਨ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕੀਤਾ। ਉਸ ਨੇ 26 ਨਵμਬਰ 1709 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਸਮਾਣਾ ਨੂੰ ਜਿੱਤ ਕੇ ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ-ਹਕੂਮਤ ਨੂੰ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਹਾਰ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਇਸ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਸਨੌਰ, ਘੁੜਾਮ, ਸ਼ਾਹਬਾਦ, ਥਾਨੇਸਰ, ਸਢੌਰਾ, ਕਪੂਰੀ, ਕੁμਜਪੁਰਾ ਜਿੱਤੇ ਤੇ ਫਿਰ ਇਕ ਪੂਰੇ ਮੁਲਕ (ਸੂਬੇ) ਸਹਰੰਦ (ਹੁਣ ਸਰਹμਦ) ’ਤੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਕਾਇਮ ਕੀਤੀ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਜਗੀਰਦਾਰੀ ਤੇ ਜ਼ੁਲਮ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਕੀਤਾ ਤੇ ਕਿਸਾਨ ਨੂੰ ਧਰਤੀ ਦਾ ਮਾਲਕ ਅਤੇ ਅਵਾਮ (ਜਨਤਾ) ਨੁμ ਮੁਲਕ ਦਾ ਹਾਕਮ ਬਣਾਇਆ। ਭਾਵੇਂ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਥੋੜ੍ਹਾ ਚਿਰ ਕਾਇਮ ਰਹੀ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਭਰ ਦੇ ਜ਼ਾਲਮਾਨਾ ਤਸੀਹੇ ਸਹਿ ਕੇ ਸ਼ਹੀਦੀ ਹਾਸਿਲ ਕੀਤੀ, ਪਰ ਉਸ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕੀਤੀ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਦੀ ਜμਗ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋ ਗਈ ਬਲਕਿ ਲਗਾਤਾਰ ਪμਜ ਦਹਾਕੇ ਚਲਦੀ ਰਹੀ ਤੇ ਅਖ਼ੀਰ 1765 ਤਕ ਤਕਰੀਬਨ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਹੋਮਲੈਂਡ ਵਿਚ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਬੋਲਬਾਲੇ ਕਾਇਮ ਹੋ ਚੁਕੇ ਸਨ।
1716 ਤੋਂ 1765 ਤਕ ਕੌਮ ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਬਾਬਾ ਦਰਬਾਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ, ਤਾਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਡੱਲ-ਵਾਂ, ਨਵਾਬ ਕਪੂਰ ਸਿੰਘ, ਜੱਸਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਆਹਲੂਵਾਲੀਆ, ਜੱਸਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਰਾਮਗੜ੍ਹੀਆ, ਹਰੀ ਸਿੰਘ ਭμਗੀ, ਚੜ੍ਹਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਸੁਕਰਚਕੀਆ, ਦੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਪਹੂਵਿμਡ, ਸੁੱਖਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਮਾੜੀਕμਬੋ, ਮਹਿਤਾਬ ਸਿੰਘ ਮੀਰਾਂਕੋਟ, ਗੁਰਬਖ਼ਸ਼ ਸਿੰਘ ਲੀਲ੍ਹ ਵਗ਼ੈਰਾ ਨੇ ਬਖ਼ੂਬੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਘੋੜਿਆਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਾਠੀਆਂ ਰੂਪੀ ਘਰਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਘਾਹ ਫੂਸ ਦੇ ਖਾਣੇ ਤੋਂ ਤਖ਼ਤ ’ਤੇ ਬਿਠਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ। ਸਿੱਖ ਹੋਮਲੈਂਡ ਦੀ ਧਰਤੀ ਤੋਂ ਸਤ ਸੌ ਸਾਲ ਤੋਂ ਵਧ ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਹੋਈ ਤੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜ਼ੁਲਮ ਤੋਂ ਰਾਹਤ ਮਿਲੀ।

1765 ਤੋਂ 1790 ਤਕ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਯਾਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਤੇ ਬਾਰ੍ਹਵੇਂ ਫੂਲਕੀਆਂ ਖ਼ਾਨਦਾਨ ਨੇ ਤਕਰੀਬਨ ਸਾਰਾ ਸਿੱਖ ਹੋਮਲੈਂਡ ਜਿੱਤ ਲਿਆ ਸੀ। 9 ਮਾਰਚ 1783 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਤਾਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ ਦੇ ਲਾਲ ਕਿਲ੍ਹੇ ’ਤੇ ਵੀ ਖਾਲਸੇ ਦਾ ਨੀਲਾ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਝੁੱਲਿਆ ਸੀ। ਪਰ ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਤੇ ਡੋਗਰੇ ਸਲਾਹਕਾਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਪਿੱਛੇ ਲਗ ਕੇ ਅਤੇ ਕੁਝ ਨਵੇਂ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ, ਜੋ ਤਾਕਤ ਤੇ ਦੌਲਤ ਦੀ ਭੁਖ ਨਾਲ ਸਿੱਖ ਜਦੋਜਹਿਦ ਦਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਬਣੇ ਸਨ, ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦਾ ਰਾਹ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ ‘ਹਾਕਮ’ ਤੇ ‘ਮਾਲਕ’ ਦੀ ਸੋਚ ਅਪਣਾ ਲਈ। ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਮੁਗ਼ਲ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ ਦਾ ਬਦਲ ਮμਨ ਕੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਦੇ ਰਸਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਭਟਕ ਗਏ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਸਿੱਖ ਤਵਾਰੀਖ਼ ਦੇ ਇਕ ਹੋਰ ਗ਼ਲਤ ਦੌਰ ਦੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ ਹੋ ਗਈ। 1790 ਤੋਂ 1799 ਤਕ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਆਗੂ ਸਿੱਖ ਦੀ ਜਗਹ ਹਾਕਮੀ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ ਦੀ ਸੋਚ ’ਤੇ ਚਲਦੇ ਰਹੇ। ਇਸ ਸੋਚ ਨੇ ਭਰਾ-ਮਾਰੂ ਜμਗ ਦਾ ਦੌਰ ਚਲਾਇਆ। ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਏਨਾ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋਇਆ; ਇਸ ਲੀਡਰਸ਼ਿਪ ਨੇ ਨਸ਼ੇ ਵੀ ਵਰਤਣੇ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੇ। ਕਈ-ਕਈ ਔਰਤਾਂ, ਦੌਲਤ, ਤਾਕਤ ਦੇ ਲਾਲਚ ਨੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਖੀ ਤੋਂ ਦੂਰ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ।

1799 ਵਿਚ ਸੁਕਰਚਕੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦੇ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਦੇ ਧੱਕੇ-ਖੋਰ ਭμਗੀ ਮਿਸਲ ਦੇ ਹਾਕਮਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਕੱਢ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਤੇ ਇਸ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਅਗਲੇ ਦਸ ਸਾਲ ਵਿਚ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਤਕਰੀਬਨ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਹਕੂਮਤਾਂ ਖੋਹ ਕੇ ਇਕ ਸ਼ਖ਼ਸੀ ਰਾਜ ਕਾਇਮ ਕੀਤਾ। ਛੇਤੀ ਹੀ ਉਹ ਵੀ ਹਿੰਦੂਸਤਾਨ ਦੇ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਜμਮੂ ਦੇ ਡੋਗਰਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਚਾਪਲੂਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਸਾਜ਼ਿਸ਼ਾਂ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਪੰਜ ਸਾਲ ਦੇ ਅੰਦਰ-ਅੰਦਰ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਕੁਰਬਾਨੀਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਕਾਇਮ ਹੋਈ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਹੁਣ ਅਮਲੀ ਰੂਪ ਵਿਚ ਡੋਗਰਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣਾਂ ਦੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਬਣ ਚੁਕੀ ਸੀ।
ਇਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਆਪਣੀ ਜ਼ਿμਦਗੀ ਵੀ ਅੱਯਾਸ਼ੀ ਦੀ ਗ੍ਰਿਫ਼ਤ ਵਿਚ ਆ ਗਈ। ਉਹ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਭੋਗ ਦਾ ਅਜਿਹਾ ਆਦੀ ਹੋਇਆ ਕਿ 20 ਰਾਣੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਬਾਵਜੂਦ ਉਸ ਕੋਲ ਦਰਜਨਾਂ ਰਖੈਲਾਂ ਸਨ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਦੋ ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨ ਨਾਚੀਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਵੀ ਵਿਆਹ ਕੀਤੇ। ਉਹ ਸ਼ਰਾਬ ਤੇ ਅਫ਼ੀਮ ਦਾ ਵੀ ਗ਼ੁਲਾਮ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ।

1839 ਵਿਚ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਤੋਂ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਡੋਗਰਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਵਾਰਿਸਾਂ ਦਾ ਕਤਲ ਕਰਨਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ। ਡੋਗਰੇ ਚਾਹੁμਦੇ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਵਾਰਿਸਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਮਾਰ ਕੇ ਆਪ ਇਸ ਮੁਲਕ ਦੇ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ ਬਣਨ। 1840 ਵਿਚ ਖੜਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੇ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਪੁਤਰ ਨੌਨਿਹਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਕਤਲ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਗਏ। 1843 ਵਿਚ ਸμਧਾਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਮਿਲ ਕੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਰਾਜਾ ਸ਼ੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੇ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਮਰਵਾ ਦਿਤੇ। (ਇਸੇ ਦਿਨ ਧਿਆਨ ਸਿੰਹ ਡੋਗਰਾ ਤੇ ਅਗਲੇ ਸਾਲ ਹੀਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਡੋਗਰਾ ਵੀ ਮਾਰੇ ਗਏ। ਹੁਣ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਗੁਲਾਬ ਸਿੰਹ ਤੇ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਹੀ ਬਚੇ ਸਨ)।

1843 ਵਿਚ ਨਾਬਾਲਗ਼ ਦਲੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਰਾਜਾ ਬਣਿਆ। ਪਰ ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੇ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਦੇ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਮਿਲ ਚੁਕੇ ਸਨ ਤੇ ਉਹ ਇਸ ਮੁਲਕ ਨੂੰ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ) ਦੇ ਹਵਾਲੇ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਹੇਠ ਛੋਟੇ ਰਾਜੇ, ਵਜ਼ੀਰ ਤੇ ਜਰਨੈਲ ਬਣਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਸਾਜ਼ਿਸ਼ਾਂ ਘੜ ਰਹੇ ਸਨ।

ਦਸμਬਰ 1845 ਵਿਚ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਲਾਲ ਸਿੰਹ ਪ੍ਰਾਈਮ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਸੀ ਤੇ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਤੇਜਾ ਸਿੰਹ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਦਾ ਕਮਾਂਡਰ-ਇਨ-ਚੀਫ਼। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਪਲਾਨਿμਗ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਲੜਾਈ ਛੇੜ ਦਿਤੀ। ਪਹਿਲੀ ਲੜਾਈ ਮੁਦਕੀ ਵਿਚ ਹੋਈ। ਭਾਵੇਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ’ਤੇ ਭਾਰੂ ਸਨ ਪਰ ਗ਼ਦਾਰ ਜਰਨੈਲਾਂ ਨੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜੇਤੂ ਨਾ ਬਨਣ ਦਿਤਾ। ਦੂਜੀ ਲੜਾਈ ਫ਼ਿਰੋਜ਼ਸ਼ਾਹ ਵਿਚ ਹੋਈ। ਇਸ ਲੜਾਈ ਵਿਚ ਵੀ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਦਾ ਪਾਸਾ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਸੀ, ਪਰ ਗ਼ਦਾਰ ਜਰਨੈਲਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਨੂੰ ਹਰਾ ਦਿਤਾ। ਤੀਜੀ ਲੜਾਈ 10 ਫਰਵਰੀ 1846 ਨੂੰ ਸਭਰਾਓਂ ਵਿਚ ਹੋਈ। ਇਸ ਲੜਾਈ ਵਿਚ ਗ਼ਦਾਰ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਜਰਨੈਲ ਮੈਦਾਨ ’ਚੋਂ ਭੱਜ ਗਏ। ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਸ: ਸ਼ਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਅਟਾਰੀਵਾਲਾ ਡਟਿਆ ਰਿਹਾ। ਪਰ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਥੋੜ੍ਹੇ ਜਿਹੇ ਸਾਥੀ ਕੁਝ ਨਾ ਕਰ ਸਕੇ ਤੇ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਹੋ ਗਏ।

ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਜਰਨੈਲਾਂ ਦੀ ਗ਼ਦਾਰੀ ਨੇ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਦਾ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ ਪμਜਾਬ ’ਤੇ ਕਰਵਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਪੜਾਅ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ। ਹੁਣ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਕਮਾਂਡ ਹੇਠ ਸੀ। ਗ਼ਦਾਰਾਂ ਨੇ ਮਾਰਚ 1846 ਵਿਚ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਦਾ ਅਹਿਦਨਾਮਾ ਤੇ ਫਿਰ ਦਸੰਬਰ 1846 ਵਿਚ ਭਰੋਵਾਲ ਦਾ ਅਹਿਦਨਾਮਾ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਅμਗਰੇਜਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਦੇ ਹਾਕਮ ਬਣਾ ਦਿਤਾ। ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੇ ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਤμਗ ਕਰਦੇ ਰਹੇ। ਰਾਣੀ ਜਿμਦਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਕੈਦ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ ਗਿਆ। 1848-49 ਵਿਚ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਤਿੰਨ ਹੋਰ ਲੜਾਈਆਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ। ਰਾਮਨਗਰ ਵਿਚ ਦੋਵੇਂ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਰਹੇ, ਚੇਲਿਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਵਿਚ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ ਬੁਰੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਤਬਾਹ ਹੋ ਗਏ। ਪਰ ਗੁਜਰਾਤ ਵਿਚ ਸਿੱਖ ਹਾਰ ਗਏ। 29 ਮਾਰਚ 1849 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੇ ਪμਜਾਬ ’ਤੇ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਰਾਜ ਵਿਚ ਮਿਲਾ ਲਿਆ। ਉਹ ਦਲੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ ਈਸਾਈ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਇμਗਲੈˆਡ ਲੈ ਗਏ। ਰਾਣੀ ਜਿੰਦਾਂ ਕੈਦ ’ਚੋਂ ਫਰਾਰ ਹੋ ਗਈ ਪਰ ਕਿਸੇ ਨੇ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਸਾਥ ਨਾ ਦਿਤਾ। ਭਾਈ ਮਹਾਰਾਜ ਸਿੰਘ ਸ਼ਾਇਦ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਾਪਿਸ ਲੈ ਲੈਂਦਾ ਪਰ ਉਹ ਐਕਸ਼ਨ ਕਰਨ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਹੀ ਫੜਿਆ ਗਿਆ।

ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੇ ਪμਜਾਬ ’ਤੇ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ ਕਰਨ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਈਸਾਈ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਕਰਨਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ। ਭਾਵੇਂ ਦਲੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ (ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ) ਤੇ ਹਰਨਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਕਪੂਰਥਲਾ (ਸ਼ਹਿਜ਼ਾਦਾ) ਈਸਾਈ ਬਣ ਚੁਕੇ ਸਨ ਪਰ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ ਚμਦ ਇਕ ਆਦ-ਧਰਮੀਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਸਿਵਾ ਕਿਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਈਸਾਈ ਨਾ ਬਣਾ ਸਕੇ। ਉਂਞ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੇ ਕਈ ਸਕੂਲ, ਕਾਲਜ, ਹਸਪਤਾਲ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਵੱਲ ਖਿੱਚਣ ਦੀ ਬੜੀ ਕੋਸ਼ਿਸ਼ ਕੀਤੀ। ਇμਞ ਹੀ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੇ ਰੇਲਵੇ, ਨਹਿਰਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਸਹੂਲਤਾਂ ਦਾ ਜਾਲ ਵਿਛਾ ਕੇ ਵੀ ਅਸਰ ਪਾਉਣਾ ਚਾਹਿਆ ਪਰ ਉਹ ਕਾਮਯਾਬ ਨਾ ਹੋ ਸਕੇ। ਹਾਂ ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਵਿਦਿਆ ਦਾ ਪਰਸਾਰ ਹੋਇਆ। ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਧਰਮ ਪਰਚਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਹੱਕਾਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਜਾਗੋ ਜਰੂਰ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਈ।

ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ (ਬਾਬਾ) ਦਿਆਲ, ਉਸ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਦਰਬਾਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੇ ਪੋਤੇ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਰੱਤਾ ਦੀ ਨਿਰμਕਾਰੀ ਤੇ ਰਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਕੂਕਾ ਲਹਿਰ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋਈ। ਨਿਰμਕਾਰੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਅਸਰ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਰਾਵਲਪਿੰਡੀ ਵਿਚ ਹੀ ਸੀ ਤੇ ਇਸ ਲਹਿਰ ਹੇਠ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਕਰਮਕਾਂਡ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਥੋੜ੍ਹੀ ਜਹੀ ਲਹਿਰ ਚਲੀ ਸੀ। ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਰਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਕੂਕਾ ਲਹਿਰ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਸੀ ਪਰ ਛੇਤੀ ਹੀ ਇਸ ਵਿਚ ਬੁਰਛਾਗਰਦੀ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਕੂਕਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਸਮਾਧਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਹਿμਦੂ ਬੁੱਤਾਂ ’ਤੇ ਹਮਲੇ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੇ। ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਕੁਝ ਵੈਸ਼ਨੂ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਇਸ ਲਹਿਰ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹੋ ਗਏ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਕੂਕਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਗਊਆਂ ਮਾਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਬੁੱਚੜਾਂ ਦੇ ਕਤਲਾਂ ਵਲ ਟੋਰ ਦਿਤਾ। ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਇਸ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ਼ ਪਤਾ ਲਗ ਗਿਆ ਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਕੁਝ ਕੂਕੇ ਫ਼ਾਂਸੀ ਲਾ ਦਿਤੇ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਰਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ ਬਰਮਾ ਜਲਾਵਤਨ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ ਜਿਥੇ ਉਹ 1857 ਵਿਚ ਮਰ ਗਿਆ। ਰਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਗ੍ਰਿਫਤਾਰੀ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਕੂਕਾ ਲਹਿਰ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਹੋ ਗਈ। (ਮਗਰੋਂ 1920-22 ਵਿਚ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੇ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਵਿਚ ‘ਗੁਰੂ’ ਲੜੀ ਚਲਾਉਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਸਹੂਲਤਾਂ ਦਿਤੀਆਂ ਤੇ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ‘ਨਾਮਧਾਰੀ’ ਕਹਿਣਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਰਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ ਗੁਰੂ ਵੀ ਬਣਾ ਲਿਆ)।
1873 ਵਿਚ ਸਿੰਘ ਸਭਾ ਲਹਿਰ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਇਸ ਲਹਿਰ ਦੇ ਇਕ ਪਾਸੇ ਤਾਂ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਈਸਾਈ ਬਣਨ ਦੀ ਲਹਿਰ ਨੂੰ ਰੋਕਿਆ ਅਤੇ ਦੂਜੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਨਿਆਰਾਪਣ ਨੂੰ ਕਾਇਮ ਕੀਤਾ। ਇਸ ਲਹਿਰ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਸਿੱਖ ਧਰਮ, ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ੇ ਅਤੇ ਤਵਾਰੀਖ਼ ਬਾਰੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਟਰੈਕਟ ਛਪੇ ਤੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਕਈ ਸਕੂਲ ਵੀ ਖੁਲ੍ਹੇ। ਸਿੰਘ ਸਭਾ ਲਹਿਰ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਜਥੇਬμਦੀ ਦੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ ਵੀ ਕੀਤੀ। ਖਾਲਸਾ ਦੀਵਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ਹੇਠਾਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਜਥੇਬμਦ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਵਿਦਿਅਕ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਤੇ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ ਕਰਨ ਲਗ ਪਏ। 1902 ਵਿਚ ਚੀਫ਼ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਦੀਵਾਨ ਬਣਨ ਨਾਲ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਇਕ ਵੱਡਾ ਪਲੇਟਫ਼ਾਰਮ ਕਾਇਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਪਰ ਇਹ ਫ਼ੋਰਮ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਵਿਦਿਆ ਦੇ ਪਰਸਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਤਕ ਹੀ ਮਹਿਦੂਦ ਰਿਹਾ।

1919 ਵਿਚ ਸਿੱਖ ਲੀਗ ਕਾਇਮ ਹੋਈ। ਇਸ ਪਲੇਟਫ਼ਾਰਮ ਤੋਂ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਹੱਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਗੱਲ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋਈ। ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਦਿਤੀਆਂ ਗਈਆਂ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਸਹੂਲਤਾਂ ਹੁਣ ਤਕ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਹਿμਦੂਆਂ ਤੇ ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨਾਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਹੀ ਸਨ। ਹੁਣ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਵੀ ਆਪਣੇ ਹੱਕ ਮੰਗਣੇ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿਤੇ। 1919 ਵਿਚ ਸਿੱਖ ਲੀਗ ’ਤੇ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਪਿੱਠੂਆਂ ਦਾ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ ਸੀ ਪਰ 1920 ਵਿਚ ਖੜਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਬਣਨ ਨਾਲ ਇਹ ਜਮਾਤ ਇਕ ਕਿਸਮ ਦੀ ਬਾਗ਼ੀ ਜਥੇਬμਦੀ ਬਣ ਗਈ।

ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਵੇਲੇ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਿਆਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਉਦਾਸੀਆਂ ਤੇ ਨਿਰਮਲਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ ਸੀ। ਡੋਗਰਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣਾਂ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਦੇਵੀ-ਦੇਵਤਿਆਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਤਸਵੀਰਾਂ ਵੀ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਵਾੜਨੀਆਂ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿਤੀਆਂ ਸਨ। ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੇ ਵੀ ਆ ਕੇ ਉਹ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਜਾਰੀ ਰਖਿਆ। ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਿਆਂ ’ਤੇ ਕਾਬਜ਼ ਪੁਜਾਰੀ ਹੌਲੀ-ਹੌਲੀ ਕੁਰਪਟ ਹੋ ਗਏ। ਉਹ ਵਿਭਚਾਰੀ, ਕੁਰਪਟ, ਪਾਖੰਡੀ ਅਤੇ ਮਨਮਤੀਏ ਬਣਦੇ ਗਏ। ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰੇ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਮμਦਰਾਂ ਵਾਂਗ ਕਰਮ ਕਾਂਡ ਦੇ ਸੈਂਟਰ ਬਣ ਗਏ। ਸਿੰਘ ਸਭਾ ਲਹਿਰ ਨੇ ਬੜਾ ਵੱਡਾ ਰੋਲ ਅਦਾ ਕੀਤਾ ਪਰ ਇਹ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਨਾ ਕਰ ਸਕੀ। ਚੀਫ਼ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਦੀਵਾਨ ਨੇ ਜਰਾ-ਮਾਸ ਆਵਾਜ਼ ਜ਼ਰੂਰ ਉਠਾਈ। ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ’ਚੋਂ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਮੂਰਤੀਆਂ ਅਰੂੜ ਸਿੰਘ ਸਰਬਹਾਰ ਨੇ ਹਟਾਈਆਂ। ਪਰ 1920 ਦੀ ਜੁਲਾਈ-ਅਗਸਤ ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਲਹਿਰ ਤੇਜ਼ੀ ਨਾਲ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋਣ ਲਗ ਪਈ। ਪਰ ਅਕਤੂਬਰ ਵਿਚ ਇਸ ਦਾ ਨਕਸ਼ਾ ਬਿਲਕੁਲ ਹੀ ਬਦਲ ਗਿਆ।
12 ਅਕਤੂੁਬਰ 1920 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਕੁਝ ਅਖੌਤੀ ਪਛੜੀਆਂ ਬਿਰਾਦਰੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਕੜਾਹ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਦ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਆਏ। ਪੁਜਾਰੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਪਰਸ਼ਾਦ ਲੈਣੋਂ ਨਾਂਹ ਕਰ ਦਿਤੀ। ਉਸ ਵੇਲੇ ਕੁਝ ਸਿੱਖ ਆਗੂ ਵੀ ਹਾਜ਼ਿਰ ਸਨ। ਅਖ਼ੀਰ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰμਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦਾ ਵਾਕ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਉਸ ਮੁਤਾਬਿਕ ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾ ਕਰਨ ’ਤੇ ਗੱਲ ਮੁੱਕੀ। ਵਾਕ ਵਿਚ ਕੜਾਹ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਦ ਕਬੂਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰੀ ਸੀ। ਇਸ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਇਹ ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਵੱਲ ਗਏ। ਤਖ਼ਤ ਦੇ ਪੁਜਾਰੀ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ ਭੱਜ ਗਏ। ਹਾਜ਼ਿਰ ਸμਗਤਾਂ ਨੇ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਸੁμਞਾ ਵੇਖ ਕੇ ਇਸ ਦਾ ਇੰਤਜ਼ਾਮ ਸμਭਾਲ ਲਿਆ। ਸੇਵਾ-ਸμਭਾਲ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਇਕ ਜਥਾ ਚੁਣਿਆ ਗਿਆ। ਇਸ ਜਥੇ ਦੇ ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਤੇਜਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਭੁੱਚਰ ਸਨ। (ਕੁਝ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਚੌਧਰੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਦਾ ਅਖੌਤੀ ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਦਾ ਅਹੁਦਾ ਕਾਇਮ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ)।

15 ਨਵμਬਰ 1920 ਨੂੰ ਸਾਰੇ ਪਾਸਿਓਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਨੁਮਾਇੰਦਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਇਕੱਠ ਬੁਲਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ। ਇਸ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼੍ਰੋਮਣੀ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਬμਧਕ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਬਣਾਈ ਗਈ। ਇਸ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਪμਜਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਕਈ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਿਆਂ ’ਤੇ ਵੀ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਕਬਜ਼ੇ ਕਰ ਲਏ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ 14 ਦਸμਬਰ 1920 ਨੂੰ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ ਵੀ ਕਾਇਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਇਸ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਢਲਾ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਾ ਸ਼੍ਰੋਮਣੀ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਕਰਨਾ ਸੀ ਪਰ 1926 ਤੋਂ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਇਹ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਜਥੇਬμਦੀ ਬਣ ਗਈ।

20 ਫਰਵਰੀ 1921 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਨਾਨਕਾਣਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਮਹμਤ ਨਰੈਣੂ ਨੇ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰੇ ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਕਰਨ ਆਏ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਕਤਲੇਆਮ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ। 180 ਤੋਂ ਵਧ ਸਿੱਖ ਕਤਲ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਜਾਂ ਜ਼ਖ਼ਮੀ ਹੋਏ ਸਾੜ ਦਿਤੇ ਗਏ। ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ ਸਰਕਾਰ, ਕੂਕਿਆਂ ਤੇ ਫ਼ਿਰਕੂ ਹਿੰਦੂਆਂ ਨੇ ਮਹμਤ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਕੀਤੀ। ਮਹμਤ ਨੂੰ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਫ਼ਾਂਸੀ ਮਿਲੀ ਪਰ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ ਜੱਜ ਨੇ ਮੋਟੀ ਰਿਸ਼ਵਤ ਖਾ ਕੇ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਫ਼ਾਂਸੀ ਉਮਰ ਕੈਦ ਵਿਚ ਬਦਲ ਦਿਤੀ (ਉਂਞ ਮਹμਤ 9-10 ਸਾਲ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਹੀ ਰਿਹਾ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ ਗਿਆ)।

ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਲਹਿਰ ਦੌਰਾਨ 9 ਜੁਲਾਈ 1923 ਨੂੰ ਲਹਿਰ ਦੇ ਹਿਮਾਇਤੀ ਨਾਭਾ ਰਾਜਾ ਰਿਪੁਦਮਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ ਪਟਿਆਲਾ ਰਾਜੇ ਨਾਲ ਝਗੜੇ ਵਿਚ ਗੱਦੀਓਂ ਲਾਹ ਦਿਤਾ ਗਿਆ। ਇਸ ’ਤੇ ਸ਼੍ਰੋਮਣੀ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਨੇ ਮੋਰਚਾ ਲਾ ਦਿਤਾ। ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ 21 ਫਰਵਰੀ 1924 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ 500 ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਹੀਦੀ ਜੱਥੇ ਤੇ ਅμਨ੍ਹੇ ਵਾਹ ਗੋਲੀਆਂ ਚਲਾ ਕੇ ਇਕ ਸੌ ਦੇ ਕਰੀਬ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਾਰ ਦਿਤੇ ਗਏ। ਅਖ਼ੀਰ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਮਹਿਸੂਸ ਕੀਤਾ ਕਿ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਦਬਾਇਆ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ। ਇਸ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਐਕਟ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੌਂਪ ਦਿੱਤੇ।

ਹੁਣ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਹੱਕਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਦੀ ਲਹਿਰ ਵਿਚ ਵਧ ਚੜ੍ਹ ਕੇ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਲੈਣਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ। 1928 ਵਿਚ ਸਾਈਮਨ ਕਮਿਸ਼ਨ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਮੁਖ ਤੌਰ ‘ਤੇ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਸਿੱਖ ਹੀ ਪ੍ਰੋਟੈਸਟ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਸਨ। 1929 ਵਿਚ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਪਾਰਟੀ ਨੇ ਲੈਜਿਸਲੇਚਰਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਵੱਖ ਵੱਖ ਧਰਮਾਂ ਦੀ ਨੁਮਾਇੰਦਗੀ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਸੀਟਾਂ ਰਾਖਵੀਆਂ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਫੈਸਲਾ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਇਕ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਬਣਾਈ। ਇਸ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਕੋਈ ਵੀ ਹੱਕ ਦੇਣ ਤੋਂ ਨਾਂਹ ਕਰ ਦਿਤੀ। ਇਸ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਦਾ ਮੁਖੀ ਮੋਤੀ ਲਾਲ ਨਹਿਰੂ ਸੀ। ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਇਸ ‘ਨਹਿਰੂ ਰਿਪੋਰਟ’ ਦਾ ਬੜਾ ਵਿਰੋਧ ਕੀਤਾ। 1929 ਵਿਚ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਵਿਚ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਦਾ ਇਜਲਾਸ ਹੋਇਆ। ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਿਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਹੀ ਏਥੇ ਹੀ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਇਜਲਾਸ ਹੋਇਆ। ਅਕਾਲੀ ਕਾਨਫ਼ਰμਸ ਵਿਚ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਤੋਂ ਦਸ ਗੁਣਾ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਲੋਕ ਸਨ। ਇਸ ’ਤੇ ਕਾਂਗਰਸੀ ਘਬਰਾ ਗਏ ਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ ਦੇ ਦਫ਼ਤਰ ਵਿਚ ਆ ਕੇ ਭੁੱਲ ਮੰਨੀ ਤੇ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਮਤਾ ਪਾਸ ਕੀਤਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਅਜਿਹਾ ਕੋਈ ਵਿਧਾਨ ਨਹੀਂ ਮμਨੇਗੀ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰ ਨਾ ਕਰਨ।

1930 ਤੋਂ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਿਵਲ ਨਾਫ਼ੁਰਮਾਨੀ ਅਤੇ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਹੋਰ ਲਹਿਰਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਵਧ ਚੜ੍ਹ ਕੇ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਲਿਆ। ਪਰ 1932 ਵਿਚ ਫਿਰ ਫਿਰਕੂ ਨੁਮਾਇੰਦਗੀ ਦਾ ਮਸਲਾ ਖੜਾ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਇਸ ‘ਫ਼ਿਰਕੂ ਫ਼ੈਸਲੇ’ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਜਹਾਦ ਖੜਾ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਐਲਾਨ ਕੀਤਾ। ਪਰ, ਆਪਸੀ ਫੁੱਟ ਕਾਰਨ ਝੱਗ ਵਾਂਗ ਬੈਠ ਗਏ। ਇਸ ਨੇ ਅμਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਇਹ ਪੈਗ਼ਾਮ ਦਿਤਾ ਕਿ ਸਿੱਖ ਭਾਵੇਂ ਦਬਕੇ ਮਾਰਦੇ ਹਨ ਪਰ ਮੂਰਖਾਂ ਤੇ ਕਬਾਇਲੀਆਂ ਵਾਂਗ ਕੁਝ ਹਾਸਿਲ ਕਰਨ ਜੋਗੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਨ। 1940 ਤਕ ਸਿੱਖ ਅਜਿਹੀਆਂ ਹਰਕਤਾਂ ਕਰਦੇ ਰਹੇ।

ਮਾਰਚ 1940 ਵਿਚ ਮੁਸਲਿਮ ਲੀਗ ਨੇ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਦਾ ਨਾਅਰਾ ਲਾਇਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਮμਗ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਰਾਵੀ ਦਰਿਆ ਤੋਂ ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ ਤਕ ਅਤੇ ਜਲμਧਰ ਤੇ ਗੁਰਦਾਸਪੁਰ ਪੂਰੇ ਜ਼ਿਲ੍ਹੇ ਤੇ ਅμਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ ਦਾ ਕੁਝ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੀਰੋਜ਼ਪੁਰ ਨੂੰ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਵੇ। ਯਾਨਿ ਇਕ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਨਾਲ 90% ਸਿੱਖ ਹੋਮਲੈਂਡ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਦਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਬਣਦਾ ਸੀ। ਸਿੱਖ ਆਗੂਆਂ ਨੇ ਇਸ ਦਾ ਸਖ਼ਤ ਵਿਰੋਧ ਕੀਤਾ। ਪਰ ਇਹ ਸਿੱਖ ਆਗੂਆਂ ਦੇ ਬੇਵਕੂਫ਼ੀ ਸੀ; ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਦੀ ਮੁਖ਼ਾਲਫ਼ਤ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਬਜਾਏ ਸਿੱਖ ਸਟੇਟ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਜੱਦੋਜਹਿਦ ਕਰਨੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਸੀ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਜੇ ਜਿਹਲਮ ਤਕ ਨਾ ਸਹੀ ਰਾਵੀ ਦੇ ਪਰਲੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਤੋਂ ਦੂਰ ਰਹਿ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਅਤੇ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਤੇ ਨਾਨਕਾਣਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਸਿੱਖ ਸਟੇਟ ਵਿਚ ਆਉਂਦੇ। ਸਿੱਖ ਆਗੂ ਮੂਰਖਾਂ ਵਾਂਗ ‘ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਨਹੀਂ ਬਣੇਗਾ’ ਅਤੇ ‘ਜੇ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਬਣੇ ਤਾਂ ਖਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ ਵੀ ਬਣੇ’ ਦੇ ਨਾਅਰੇ ਲਾਉਂਦੇ ਰਹੇ। ਯਾਨਿ ਇਹ ਸਾਰੀ ਜੱਦੋਜਹਿਦ ਨਫ਼ੀ ਦੀ ਜੱਦੋਜਹਿਦ ਸੀ, ਜਿਹੜੀ ਯਕੀਨਨ ਕਾਮਯਾਬ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋਣੀ ਸੀ।

ਉਧਰ ਹਿμਦੂ ਆਗੂਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਜਾਂ ਪμਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਹਿμਦੂਆਂ ਦਾ ਕੋਈ ਫ਼ਿਕਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਖੁਦ ਨੂੰ ਹਿੰਦੂਸਤਾਨ ਦੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਮਿਲ ਰਹੀ ਸੀ, ਇਸ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਉਹ ਪμਜਾਬ ਬਾਰੇ ਸੋਚਦੇ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਨ। ਇਧਰ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਨਫ਼ੀ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ ਲੜੀ ਜਿਸ ਵਿਚ ਹਾਰ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਸੀ। ਅਖੀਰ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਮੁਲਕ ਹਾਸਿਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਜਗਹ ਸਿੱਖ ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਬਣ ਗਏ। ਪਰ ਆਬਾਦੀ ਦੇ ਤਬਾਦਲੇ ਵਿਚ ਦੋ ਲੱਖ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਾਰੇ ਗਏ, ਦਸ ਲੱਖ ਸਿੱਖ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਤੋਂ ਪੂਰਬੀ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਖਾਲੀ ਹੱਥ ਆ ਕੇ ਬੇਘਰੇ ਬਣ ਗਏ। ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਵਿਧਵਾ ਹੋਈਆਂ। ਸਵਾ ਸੌ ਤਵਾਰੀਖ਼ੀ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰੇ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿ ਗਏ। ਅੱਧੀ ਸਿੱਖ ਕੌਮ ਬਰਬਾਦ ਹੋ ਗਈ।

1947 ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਹਿμਦੂਸਤਾਨ ਦੇ ਨਵੇਂ ਬਣੇ ਹਿμਦੂ ਹਾਕਮਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਘੋਰ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਤੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਐਕਸ਼ਨ 10 ਅਕਤੂਬਰ 1947 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਪμਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਗਵਰਨਰ ਚμਦੂ ਲਾਲ ਤਿਰਵੇਦੀ ਦਾ ਉਹ ਸਰਕੁਲਰ ਸੀ ਜਿਸ ਵਿਚ ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ ਕਿ ‘ਸਿੱਖ ਇਕ ਜਰਾਇਮ ਪੇਸ਼ਾ ਕੌਮ ਹਨ ਤੇ ਅਮਨ-ਪਸμਦ ਹਿੰਦੂਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਬਚਾਇਆ ਜਾਵੇ।’ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਹਰ ਪਾਸੇ ਵਿਤਕਰਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਉਜੜ ਕੇ ਆਏ 20 ਲੱਖ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਰਜਵੀਂ ਮਿਹਨਤ ਨਾਲ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਮੁੜ ਕਾਇਮ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਪਰ ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਹੋਮਲੈਂਡ ਵਿਚ ਵੀ ਦੂਜੇ ਦਰਜੇ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ ਸਨ। ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਘੋਰ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਤੀ ਦੇ ਇਸ ਦੌਰ ਵਿਚ ਬਲਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ, ਪ੍ਰਤਾਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਕੈਰੋਂ, ਗੁਰਦਿੁਆਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਢਿੱਲੋਂ, ਸਵਰਨ ਸਿੰਘ (ਜਲμਧਰ), ਊਧਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਨਾਗੋਕੇ, ਗਿਆਨੀ ਕਰਤਾਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਵਜ਼ੀਰੀਆਂ ਤੇ ਅਹੁਦਿਆਂ ਖ਼ਾਤਿਰ ਪμਥ ਨੂੰ ਪਿੱਠ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਵਿਕਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਤਿਆਰ ਸਨ।

ਇਸ ਹਾਲਤ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼੍ਰੋਮਣੀ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ ਨੇ ਪμਜਾਬੀ ਬੋਲੀ ਦੇ ਅਧਾਰ ’ਤੇ ਪμਜਾਬੀ ਸੂਬਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਦੀ ਜਦੋਜਹਿਦ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕੀਤੀ। ਦਰਅਸਲ ਮਾਸਟਰ ਤਾਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਾ ਸੀ ਇਸ ਸੂਬੇ ਵਿਚ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੀ ਬਹਗਿਣਤੀ ਹੋਣ ਨਾਲ ਅਕਾਲੀ (ਜਾਂ ਸਿੱਖ) ਸਰਕਾਰ ਬਣ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ। ਇਸ ਮੰਗ ਦੀ ਮੁਖ਼ਾਲਫ਼ਤ ਸਿੱਖ-ਕਾਂਗਰਸੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਹੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਕੈਰੋਂ, ਗਿਆਨੀ ਕਰਤਾਰ ਸਿੰਘ, ਢਿੱਲੋਂ, ਦਰਬਾਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ, ਜμਡਿਆਲਾ, ਜੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਵਗ਼ੈਰਾ ਸਨ। ਵਜ਼ੀਰੀਆਂ ਤੇ ਤਾਕਤ ਦੇ ਲਾਲਚ ਵਿਚ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਖ ਕੌਮ ਦੀ ਗ਼ੁਲਾਮੀ ਮਿੱਠੀ ਲਗਦੀ ਸੀ। ਪμਜਾਬੀ ਸੂਬੇ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਮੋਰਚਾ 1955 ਵਿਚ ਲਗਾ। ਇਸ ਮੋਰਚੇ ਵਿਚ 12 ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਸਿੱਖ ਜੇਲ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਗਏ। ਚਾਰ ਜੁਲਾਈ 1955
ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਪੁਲੀਸ ਨੇ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ’ਤੇ ਵੀ ਧਾਵਾ ਬੋਲਿਆ ਜਿਸ ਦੀ ਹਰ ਪਾਸੇ ਬੜੀ ਨਿμਦਾ ਹੋਈ। ਅਖੀਰ 6 ਮਹੀਨੇ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਮੁੱਖ ਮμਤਰੀ ਨੇ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਮੁਆਫ਼ੀ ਮμਗ ਲਈ। ਇਸ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਹੁਕਮ ਸਿੰਘ, ਗਿਆਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਰਾੜੇਵਾਲਾ, ਅਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਸਰਹੱਦੀ ਵੀ ਤਾਕਤ ਤੇ ਵਜ਼ੀਰੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਲਾਲਸਾ ਵਿਚ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਨਾਲ ਸੌਦੇਬਾਜ਼ੀ ਕਰਨ ਲਗ ਪਏ ਅਤੇ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਇਕ ‘ਰੀਜਨਲ ਫ਼ਾਰਮੂਲਾ’ ’ਤੇ ਸਮਝੌਤਾ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ ਨੂੰ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਦੀ ਝੋਲੀ ਪਾ ਦਿਤਾ। ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਨੇ ਰੀਜਨਲ ਫ਼ਾਰਮੂਲੇ ’ਤੇ ਅਮਲ ਨਾ ਕਰਨਾ ਸੀ ਨਾ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ 1960 ਵਿਚ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸੂਬਾ ਮੋਰਚਾ ਲਗਾ ਜਿਸ ਵਿਚ 57 ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਸਿੱਖ ਜੇਲ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਗਏ। ਫਤਹਿ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੇ ਮਾਸਟਰ ਤਾਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਮਰਨ ਵਰਤ ਰੱਖੇ (ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਣ ਪੂਰਾ ਕੀਤੇ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਤੋੜ ਦਿਤੇ)।

ਇਸ ਮੋਰਚੇ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਕੈਰੋਂ ਤੇ ਨਹਿਰੂ ਦੀ ਸਾਜ਼ਿਸ਼ ਹੇਠ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ ਵਿਚ ਜ਼ਬਰਦਸਤ ਫੁੱਟ ਪੈ ਗਈ। ਜੱਟ ਤੇ ਭਾਪਾ (ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਜੱਟ) ਦੇ ਮੁੱਦੇ ’ਤੇ ਪਈ ਇਹ ਫੁੱਟ ਸਿੱਖੀ ਅਸੂਲਾਂ ਦਾ ਵੱਡਾ ਘਾਣ ਕਰ ਗਈ। ਮਈ 1964 ਵਿਚ ਪਾਉਂਟਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਵਿਚ ਨਿਹμਗਾਂ ਦੇ ਕਤਲੇਆਮ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਫੁਟ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਹੋਣ ਦੇ ਆਸਰ ਬਣ ਗਏ ਪਰ ਛੇਤੀ ਹੀ ਇਹ ਮਾਹੌਲ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਫਤਹਿ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਅਕਤੂਬਰ 1962 ਵਿਚ ਮਾਸਟਰ ਤਾਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੋਂ ਸ਼੍ਰੋਮਣੀ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਖੋਹ ਲਈ ਸੀ ਤੇ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਗੁਰਦਆਰਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਬਦਇੰਤਜ਼ਾਮੀ ਤੇ ਮਨਮਤਿ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋ ਗਈਆਂ। ਮਹμਤਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ ਲੈਣ (1920-25) ਮਗਰੋਂ 1962 ਵਿਚ ਫਿਰ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਕੁਰਪਸ਼ਨ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਮੁਜਰਮਾਨਾ ਸੋਚ ਵਾਲੇ ਮੁਲਾਜ਼ਮਾਂ ਦਾ ਬੋਲਬਾਲਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ।

ਉਧਰ 1965 ਦੀ ਭਾਰਤ ਪਾਕਿ ਜμਗ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਭਾਰਤ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਪμਜਾਬੀ ਸੂਬਾ ਬਣਾਉਣਾ ਮμਨ ਲਿਆ। ਇਸ ਐਲਾਨ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਜਨਸμਘ (ਹੁਣ ਭਾਜਪਾ) ਦੇ ਵਰਕਰਾਂ ਤੇ ਆਰੀਆ ਸਮਾਜੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਤੇ ਹਮਲੇ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਘਰਾਂ ਤੇ ਦੁਕਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਅੱਗਾਂ ਲਾਈਆਂ। ਖ਼ੈਰ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਨਵμਬਰ 1966 ਨੂੰ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸੂਬਾ ਹੋਂਦ ਵਿਚ ਆ ਗਿਆ। ਪਰ ਇਹ ਬੇਜਾਨ ਸੂਬਾ ਸੀ ਜਿਸ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਮੁਖ ਸੋਮੇ ਖੋਹ ਲਏ ਗਏ ਸਨ।

ਫਰਵਰੀ 1967 ਵਿਚ ਨਵੀਆਂ ਚੋਣਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਪਾਰਟੀ ਨੇ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਕੁਲੀਸ਼ਨ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਬਣਾਈ। ਗੁਰਨਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਚੀਫ਼ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਬਣਿਆ ਪਰ ਨਵμਬਰ 1967 ਵਿਚ ਲਛਮਣ ਸਿੰਘ ਗਿੱਲ ਨੇ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਨਾਲ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਠਿੱਬੀ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੀ। 22 ਨਵμਬਰ 1967 ਨੂੰ ਮਾਸਟਰ ਤਾਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਨੇ ਗਿੱਲ ਨੂੰ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਹਿਮਾਇਤ 8 ਮਹੀਨੇ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਵਾਪਿਸ ਲੈ ਲਈ। ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਉਹ ਪμਜਾਬੀ ਨੂੰ ਪμਜਾਬ ਦੀ ਦਫ਼ਤਰੀ ਬੋਲੀ ਬਣਾ ਚੁਕਾ ਸੀ। 1968 ਵਿਚ ਫਤਹਿ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੇ ਤਾਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ ਇਕੱਠੇ ਹੋ ਗਏ ਤੇ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਨਵੀਆਂ ਚੋਣਾਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ। ਇਸ ਵਾਰ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਫੇਰ ਹਾਕਮ ਬਣੇ। ਗੁਰਨਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਫੇਰ ਚੀਫ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਬਣਿਆ। ਗੁਰਨਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਫਤਹਿ ਸਿੰਘ ਨਾਲ ਬਣ ਨਾ ਸਕੀ ਤੇ ਮਾਰਚ 1970 ਵਿਚ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਥਾਂ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਾਦਲ ਨੂੰ ਚੀਫ਼ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਬਣਾ ਦਿਤਾ ਗਿਆ। ਉਹ ਵੀ ਇਕ ਸਾਲ ਹੀ ਚਲ ਸਕਿਆ ਤੇ ਆਪਸੀ ਫੁਟ ਕਾਰਨ ਇਸ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਅਸਤੀਫ਼ਾ ਦੇਣਾ ਪਿਆ। ਮਾਰਚ 1972 ਵਿਚ ਫੇਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ। ਇਸ ਵਾਰ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਤਾਕਤ ਵਿਚ ਆਈ ਤੇ ਜ਼ੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਚੀਫ਼ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ। ਹੁਣ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਤਹਿ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਆਧਾਰ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਤੇ ਉਹ ਵਿਚਾਰਿਆਂ ਵਾਂਗ ਇਸ ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਟੁਰ ਗਿਆ। ਹੁਣ ਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੁੜ, ਜਗਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਤਲਵμਡੀ, ਗੁਰਚਰਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਟੋਹੜਾ ਤੇ ਪਰਕਾਸ਼ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਾਦਲ ਨੇ ਲੀਡਰਸ਼ਿਪ ਸμਭਾਲੀ।
ਪμਜਾਬੀ ਸੂਬਾ ਬਣਨ ਵੇਲੇ ਸੈਂਟਰ ਦੀ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਪμਜਾਬ ਨਾਲ ਧੱਕਾ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ ਪμਜਾਬ ਦੀ ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ ਚμਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਕਬਜ਼ੇ ਹੇਠ ਕਰ ਲਈ, ਪμਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਪਾਣੀ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਹੱਕ ਤੋਂ ਹਰਿਆਣਾ ਨੂੰ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੇ, ਭਾਖੜਾ ਡੈਮ ਤੇ ਨμਗਲ ਖਾਦ ਫ਼ੈਕਟਰੀ ਖੋਹ ਲਈ, ਕਈ ਪμਜਾਬੀ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਇਲਾਕੇ ਹਰਿਆਣੇ ਨੂੰ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੇ। ਪਾਣੀਆਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਧੱਕਾ ਪ੍ਰਤਾਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਕੈਰੋਂ ਨੇ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ ਜਿਸ ਨੇ ਨਹਿਰ ਕੱਢ ਕੇ ਪμਜਾਬ ਦਾ ਅੱਧਾ ਪਾਣੀ ਰਾਜਿਸਥਾਨ ਨੂੰ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਸੀ ਤੇ ਹੁਣ ਬਾਕੀ ਅੱਧੇ ਦਾ ਅੱਧਾ ਹਰਿਆਣੇ ਨੂੰ ਦੇ ਦਿਤਾ ਗਿਆ। ਯਾਨਿ ਪμਜਾਬ ਤੋਂ ਇਸ ਦਾ 75% ਪਾਣੀ ਖੋਹ ਲਿਆ ਗਿਆ। ਇਸ ਧੱਕੇ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ ਜੱਦੋਜਹਿਦ ਹੋਈ ਪਰ ਕੋਈ ਨਤੀਜਾ ਨਾ ਨਿਕਲਿਆ।

1977 ਵਿਚ ਅਕਾਲੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਫੇਰ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਬਣਾਈ। ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਾਦਲ ਫੇਰ ਚੀਫ਼ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਬਣਿਆ। ਉਸ ਦੇ ਰਾਜ ਵਿਚ 13 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1978 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਨਿਰੰਕਾਰੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਅμਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ ਵਿਚ ਪ੍ਰੋਟੈਸਟ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ 13 ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਕਤਲ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ। ਕਤਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਮੁਕੱਦਮੇ ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰਬਚਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਨਿਰμਕਾਰੀ ਤੇ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਸਾਥੀਆਂ ’ਤੇ ਮੁਕਦਮਾ ਚਲਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਪਰ ਕਰਨਾਲ ਦੇ ਜੱਜ ਨੇ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਬਰੀ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ।

ਇਸ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਜ਼ਬਰਦਸਤ ਰੋਹ ਫੈਲਿਆ। ਇਸ ਲਹਿਰ ਵਿਚ ਜਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਭਿੰਡਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ ਇਕ ਨਵੇਂ ਆਗੂ ਵਜੋਂ ਉਤਰਿਆ। ਕਨੇਡਾ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਤਲਵਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਆ ਕੇ ਬਬਰ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਇਕ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਜਥੇਬμਦੀ ਦੀ ਨੀਂਹ ਰੱਖੀ। ਇਸ ’ਤੇ ਬਬਰ ਲਹਿਰ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਕਾਰਕੁμਨਾਂ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੇ ਕਾਬਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਪਲਾਨ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ 24 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1980 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਨਿਰੰਕਾਰੀ ਨੂੰ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਘਰ ਵਿਚ ਹੀ ਮਾਰ ਦਿਤਾ। ਖਾੜਕੂਆਂ ਦਾ ਅਗਲਾ ਐਕਸ਼ਨ ਲਾਲਾ ਜਗਤ ਨਰੈਣ ਸੀ, ਜੋ ਹਮੇਸ਼ਾ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਲਿਖਦਾ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਸੀ। ਜਗਤ ਨਰੈਣ ਨੂੰ 9 ਸਤμਬਰ 1981 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਕਤਲ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ। ਪੁਲੀਸ ਨੇ ‘ਜਥਾ ਭਿੰਡਰਾਂ-ਮਹਿਤਾ’ (ਜੋ 1977 ਤੋਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਗ਼ਲਤ ਤੌਰ ‘ਤੇ ‘ਦਮਦਮੀ ਟਕਸਾਲ’ ਲਿਖਣ ਲਗ ਪਏ ਸਨ) ਦੇ ਮੁਖੀ ਬਾਬਾ ਜਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਭਿੰਡਰਾਂਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਲਾਲਾ ਕਤਲ ਕੇਸ ਵਿਚ ‘ਗ੍ਰਿਫਤਾਰ’ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਪਰ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਰੋਹ ਤੋਂ ਡਰਦਿਆਂ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਰਿਹਾ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ।

ਇਸ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਕਈ ਨਿਰμਕਾਰੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਕਤਲ ਹੋਏ। ਪਰ ਛੇਤੀ ਹੀ ਬਬਰ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ਼ ਪਤਾ ਲਗ ਗਿਆ। ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਤਲਵਿμਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਕਨੇਡਾ ਚਲਾ ਗਿਆ ਤੇ ਕਈ ਵਰਕਰ ਗ੍ਰਿਫ਼ਤਾਰ ਜਾਂ ਰੂਪੋਸ਼ ਹੋ ਗਏ ਤੇ ਕੁਝ ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਿਕਲ ਗਏ। ਪਰ ਹੁਣ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਲਹਿਰ ਚਲ ਪਈ। ਜਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਭਿμਡਰਾਂਵਾਲੇ ਨੇ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਸμਭਾਲ ਲਈ। ਕੁਝ ਚਿਰ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਬਬਰ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਦੇ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿ ਗਏ ਵਰਕਰਾਂ ਨੇ ਵੀ ਸੁਖਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾਸੂਵਾਲ ਨੂੰ ਡਿਪਟੀ ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਚੁਣ ਕੇ ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਪਲਾਨ ਬਣਾਈ। ਦੋਹਾਂ ਗਰੁਪਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਝਗੜੇ ਵੀ ਹੋਏ ਪਰ ਕੁਲ ਮਿਲਾ ਕੇ ਐਕਸ਼ਨ ਚਲਦੇ ਹੀ ਰਹੇ।

ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1982 ਵਿਚ ਇੰਦਰਾ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਨੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦਾ ਪਾਣੀ ਹਰਿਆਣਾ ਨੂੰ ਦੇਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਸਤਲੁਜ-ਜਮਨਾ ਲਿੰਕ ਨਹਿਰ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਕਪੂਰੀ ਪਿੰਡ ਵਿਚ ਟੱਕ ਲਾਇਆ। ਇਸ ’ਤੇ ਅਕਾਲੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਮੋਰਚਾ ਲਾ ਦਿਤਾ, ਜੋ ਬਹੁਤੀ ਦੇਰ ਚਲ ਨਾ ਸਕਿਆ। ਉਧਰ 18 ਜੁਲਾਈ 1982 ਨੂੰ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਪੁਲੀਸ ਨੇ ਭਾਈ ਅਮਰੀਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੇ ਠਾਰ੍ਹਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ ਗ੍ਰਿਫ਼ਤਾਰ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ। ਇਸ ’ਤੇ ਬਾਬਾ ਜਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਭਿμਡਰਾਂਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਮੋਰਚਾ ਲਾ ਦਿਤਾ। 25 ਜੁਲਾਈ ਨੂੰ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ ਨੇ ਇਹ ਮੋਰਚਾ ਅਪਣਾ ਲਿਆ। ਇਹ ‘ਧਰਮ ਯੁੱਧ’ ਮੋਰਚਾ 1984 ਤਕ ਚਲਿਆ ਤੇ ਡੇਢ ਲੱਖ ਸਿੱਖ ਗ੍ਰਿਫ਼ਤਾਰ ਹੋਏ। ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਇμਦਰਾ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਬਕ ਸਿਖਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਸੀ। ਡੇਹਰਾਦੂਨ ਕੋਲ ਚਕਰਾਤਾ ਵਿਚ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦਾ ਮਾਡਲ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਫ਼ੌਜੀ ਹਮਲਾ ਕਰਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਮਸ਼ਕਾਂ ਕੀਤੀਆ ਜਾ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਸਨ। ਅਖ਼ੀਰ 4 ਜੂਨ 1984 ਨੂੰ ਤੜਕੇ ਚਾਰ ਵਜ ਕੇ ਚਾਲ੍ਹੀ ਮਿੰਟ ’ਤੇ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਫੌਜ ਨੇ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ’ਤੇ ਵੱਡਾ ਹਮਲਾ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ। ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੀ ਈਮਾਰਤ ਬੁਰੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਤਬਾਹ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਬੇਦੋਸ਼ੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਾਰ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਗਏ। ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਹੋਰ 37 ਵੱਡੇ ਤੇ ਦਰਜਨਾਂ ਛੋਟੇ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਿਆਂ ਤੇ ਵੀ ਹਮਲੇ ਕੀਤੇ ਗਏ। (ਇੰਦਰਾ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਨੂੰ ਇਸ ਹਮਲੇ ਦੀ ਸਜ਼ਾ ਭਾਈ ਬੇਅੰਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਮਲੋਆ ਅਤੇ ਭਾਈ ਸਤਵੰਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਅਗਵਾਨ ਨੇ 31 ਅਕਤੂਬਰ 1984 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਹਮਲਾਵਰ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਦੇ ਮੁਖੀ ਜਨਰਲ ਵੈਦਯ ਨੂੰ ਹਰਜਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਜਿੰਦਾ ਤੇ ਸੁਖਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਸੁਖਾ ਨੇ 10 ਅਗਸਤ 1986 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਸਜ਼ਾ ਦਿੱਤੀ)।

ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਿਆਂ ‘ਤੇ ਹਮਲੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਰੋਸ ਵਜੋਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਫੌਜੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਬਗ਼ਾਵਤ ਕਰ ਦਿਤੀ। ਚਾਰ-ਪμਜ ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਸਿੱਖ ਫ਼ੌਜੀ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਵਲ ਚਲ ਪਏ। ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਕੁਝ ਮਾਰੇ ਗਏ ਤੇ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਗ੍ਰਿਫ਼ਤਾਰ ਕਰ ਲਏ ਗਏ। ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਲμਬੀਆਂ ਸਜ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਦਿੱਤੀਆਂ ਗਈਆਂ। ਇਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਬਹੁਤੀ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਲੀਡਰਸ਼ਿਪ ਵੀ ਜੇਲ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਸੀ।
ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ’ਤੇ ਹਮਲੇ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਸਾਰੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਰੋਹ ਫੈਲਿਆ। ਸਿੱਖ ਇੰਦਰਾ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਤੇ ਜ਼ੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ, ਬੂਟਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੇ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਦੇ ਮੁਖੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਜ਼ਾ ਦੇਣਾ ਚਾਹੁμਦੇ ਸੀ। 31 ਅਕਤੂਬਰ 1984 ਨੂੰ ਬੇਅμਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੇ ਸਤਵμਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਇμਦਰਾ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਨੂੰ ਕਤਲ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ। ਇਸ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਰਾਜੀਵ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਪ੍ਰਾਈਮ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਬਣਿਆ। ਉਸ ਦੀਆਂ ਹਦਾਇਤਾਂ ’ਤੇ ਐਚ.ਕੇ.ਐਲ. ਭਗਤ, ਜਗਦੀਸ਼ ਟਾਈਟਲਰ, ਸੱਜਣ ਕੁਮਾਰ, ਲਲਿਤ ਮਾਕਨ, ਅਰਜਨ ਦਾਸ, ਭਜਨ ਲਾਲ ਵਗ਼ੈਰਾ ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਵਿਚ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਕਤਲੇਆਮ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਘਿਣਾਉਣੇ ਤਸੀਹੇ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਸਾੜਿਆ ਤੇ ਮਾਰਿਆ ਗਿਆ। ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਘਰ ਤੇ ਵਪਾਰਕ ਅਦਾਰੇ ਲੁਟੇ ਗਏ। ਸੈˆਕੜੇ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰੇ ਸਾੜ ਦਿਤੇ ਗਏ। ਰਾਜੀਵ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਨੇ ਇਸ ਸਭ ਨੂੰ ਜਾਇਜ਼ ਠਹਿਰਾਉਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਕਿਹਾ ‘ਜਦ ਕੋਈ ਵੱਡਾ ਦਰਖਤ ਡਿਗਦਾ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ ਧਰਤੀ ਹਿਲਦੀ ਹੀ ਹੈ।’ (ਮਗਰੋਂ ਰਾਜੀਵ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਇਹੋ ਜਿਹੀ ਹੀ ਮੌਤ ਮਿਲੀ)।

1985 ਵਿਚ ਰਾਜੀਵ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਨੇ ਕੁਝ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਆਗੂਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਭਰਮਾ ਲਿਆ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪμਜਾਬ ਦੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਦੇਣ ਦਾ ਲਾਲਚ ਦੇ ਕੇ ‘ਸਮਝੌਤਾ’ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਤਿਆਰ ਕੀਤਾ। ਇਸ ਸਾਜਿਸ਼ ਦਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵਡਾ ਮੁਹਰਾ ਸੁਰਜੀਤ ਬਰਨਾਲਾ ਸੀ। ਪ੍ਰੋ. ਅਤਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਿਥੀਪਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਕਪੂਰ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਨਾਲ ਰਾਜੀਵ-ਲੌਂਗੋਵਾਲ ਸਮਝੌਤੇ ਨੂੰ ਸਰਅμਜਾਮ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ। ਇਹ ਸਮਝੌਤਾ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੀ ਸ਼ਰਮਨਾਕ ਹੇਠੀ ਸੀ। ਇਸ ਹੇਠ ਜੇਲ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਬੈਠੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਰਿਹਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋਣੇ ਸਨ, ਧਰਮੀ (ਬਾਗ਼ੀ) ਫ਼ੌਜੀਆਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਸਜ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਕਾਇਮ ਰਹਿਣੀਆਂ ਸਨ ਪਰ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਜਾਂ ਪμਜਾਬ ਨੂੰ ਕੁਝ ਵੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ ਮਿਲਣਾ। ਉਲਟਾ ਲਿੰਕ ਨਹਿਰ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਚੋਂ ਹਰਿਆਣਾ ਨੂੰ ਪਾਣੀ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਣਾ ਸੀ। ਇਸ ਸ਼ਰਮਨਾਕ ਸਮਝੌਤੇ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਰੋਸ ਵਜੋਂ 20 ਅਗਸਤ 1985 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਹਰਚμਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਲੌਂਗੋਵਾਲ ਦਾ ਕਤਲ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ ਗਿਆ। ਪਰ ਛੇਤੀ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਹੀ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਚੋਣਾਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਤੇ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਨਾਲ ਸੁਰਜੀਤ ਬਰਨਾਲਾ ਚੀਫ਼ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ। ਸੁਰਜੀਤ ਬਰਨਾਲਾ ਨੇ ਚੀਫ਼ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਬਣ ਕੇ ਰਾਜੀਵ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਨੂੰ ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਸੈਂਕੜੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਗ੍ਰਿਫ਼ਤਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ, ਦਰਜਨਾਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਕਤਲ ਕੀਤੇ ਤੇ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਵਾਰ-ਵਾਰ ਪੁਲੀਸ ਭੇਜੀ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਬਾਵਜੂਦ ਰਾਜੀਵ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਨੇ ‘ਸਮਝੌਤੇ’ ਦੀ ਇਕ ਨਿੱਕੀ ਜਿਹੀ ਮਦ ‘ਚμਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ ਪμਜਾਬ ਨੂੰ ਦੇਣਾ’ ਵੀ ਪੂਰੀ ਨਾ ਕੀਤੀ। ਇਕ ਜ਼ਲੀਲ ਸ਼ਖ਼ਸ ਵਾਂਗ ਸੁਰਜੀਤ ਬਰਨਾਲਾ ਫੇਰ ਵੀ ਰਾਜੀਵ ਦਾ ਹੁਕਮ ਵਜਾਉਂਦਾ ਰਿਹਾ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਹੋਰ ਸੈਂਕੜੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਕਤਲ ਕੀਤੇ, ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਜੇਲ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਸੁੱਟੇ, ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਤੇ ਵੱਡਾ ਹਮਲਾ ਕੀਤਾ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਇμਦਰਾ ਤੇ ਰਾਜੀਵ ਦੇ ਜ਼ੁਲਮਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਹੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾ ਸਕੇ।

ਇਸ ਸਭ ਦੇ ਬਾਵਜੂਦ ਰਾਜੀਵ ਨੇ ਸੁਰਜੀਤ ਬਰਨਾਲਾ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਡਿਸਮਿਸ ਕਰ ਦਿਤੀ। ਉਹ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਜਿੰਨਾ ਕੂ ਵਰਤਣਾ ਸੀ ਵਰਤ ਚੁਕਾ ਸੀ ਤੇ ਹੁਣ ਸੁਰਜੀਤ ਬਰਨਾਲਾ ਇਕ ਚੂਪੇ ਅμਬ ਦੀ ਗਿਟਕ ਤੋਂ ਸਿਵਾ ਕੁਝ ਵੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ। ਇਸ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਫੇਰ ਗਵਰਨਰੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ 1986 ਤੋਂ 1992 ਮਾਰਚ ਤਕ ਤਿμਨ ਗਵਰਨਰ ਰਹੇ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਰਪਰਸਤੀ ਹੇਠ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਕਤਲ ਹੋਇਆ। ਰਬੈਰੋ, ਕੇ.ਪੀ. ਗਿੱਲ, ਸਰਬਦੀਪ ਵਿਰਕ, ਅਜੀਤ ਸμਧੂ, ਸਵਰਨ ਘੋਟਨਾ, ਗੋਬਿμਦ ਰਾਮ, ਇਜ਼ਹਾਰ ਆਲਮ, ਸੁਮੇਧ ਸੈਣੀ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਸੈˆਕੜੇ ਜ਼ਾਲਮ ਪੁਲਸ ਅਫ਼ਸਰਾਂ ਨੇ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਨੌਜਵਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਤਸੀਹੇ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਮਾਰਿਆ। ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਪੁਲਸੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਕਤਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਈਨਾਮ ਵਜੋਂ ਅਰਬਾਂ ਰੁਪੈ ਵੰਡੇ ਗਏ। ਪμਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਇਕ ਗਵਰਨਰ ਸੁਰਿμਦਰ ਲਾਲ, ਜੋ ਹੈਲੀਕਾਪਟਰ ਹਾਦਸੇ ਵਿਚ ਮਰ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ, ਦੇ ਘਰੋਂ ਕਰੋੜਾਂ ਰੁਪੈ ਕੈਸ਼ ਮਿਲੇ ਸਨ ਜਿਹੜੇ ਯਕੀਨਨ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਕਤਲੇਆਮ ਅਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਪਰਚਾਰ ਤੇ ਸਾਜ਼ਿਸ਼ਾਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਮੁਹੱਈਆ ਕੀਤੇ ਗਏ ਹੋਣਗੇ।

ਇਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਖਾੜਕੂਆਂ ਨੇ ਜ਼ਬਰਦਸਤ ਹਥਿਆਰਬੰਦ ਲਹਿਰ ਚਲਾਈ। ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਤਲਵਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ, ਮਨਬੀਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਚਹੇੜੂ, ਸੁਖਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਸਖੀਰਾ, ਜਨਰਲ ਅਰੂੜ ਸਿੰਘ, ਮਨਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਖਜਾਲਾ, ਜਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਹਲਵਾਰਾ, ਬਾਬਾ ਗੁਰਬਚਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਮਾਨੋਚਾਹਲ, ਜਨਰਲ ਅਵਤਾਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਬ੍ਰਹਮਾ, ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਸੁਖਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਬਰ, ਡਾ: ਗੁਰਨਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁਟਰ, ਜਨਰਲ ਲਾਭ ਸਿੰਘ (ਸੁਖਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ), ਭਾਈ ਅਣੋਖ ਸਿੰਘ, ਗੁਰਜੰਟ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁਧਸਿੰਘਵਾਲਾ, ਰਛਪਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਛੰਦੜਾ, ਹਰਮਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਸੁਲਤਾਨਵਿੰਡ, ਜਗਰੂਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਰੂਪਾ, ਸੁਖਵਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਸਖੀਰਾ, ਭੂਪਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਭਿੰਦਾ, ਸੁਖਵਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਸੰਘਾ, ਸੀਤਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਮੱਤੇਵਾਲ, ਸੁਰਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਪੈਂਟਾ, ਧਰਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਕਾਸ਼ਤੀਵਾਲ, ਪਰਮਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਪੰਜਵੜ, ਹਰਪਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਗੋਲਡੀ, ਕੰਵਲਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਸੁਲਤਾਨਵਿੰਡ, ਗੁਰਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਉਸਮਾਨਵਾਲਾ, ਪਰਮਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੋਲੇਵਾਲ, ਕੁਲਵਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਕਿੱਡ, ਕੁਲਦੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਮੁੱਛਲ, ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾਲਾ, ਅਵਤਾਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਰੂਪੇਵਾਲੀ, ਦਯਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਲਾਹੌਰੀਆ, ਬਲਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਭੈਣੀ, ਜਤਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੀਟਾ, ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੀਟਾ ਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਜਰਨੈਲਾਂ ਨੇ ਜ਼ਬਰਦਸਤ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਪਰ, ਪੈਂਤੜੇ ਦੀ ਬੇਸਮਝੀ, ਆਪੀ ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੀਆਂ, ਪੁਲਸ ਕੈਟਾਂ ਦਾ ਲਹਿਰ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹੋ ਜਾਣਾ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਗ਼ਲਤੀਆਂ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਇਸ ਲਹਿਰ ਦਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਨੁਕਸਾਨ ਹੋਇਆ।

1992 ਵਿਚ ਚੋਣਾਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਤਾਂ ਦਲਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਿੱਟੂ ਤੇ ਸੁਖਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਬਰ ਨੇ ਅਕਾਲੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਦਬਕੇ ਮਾਰ ਕੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਚੋਣਾਂ ਦਾ ਬਾਈਕਾਟ ਕਰਵਾ ਦਿਤਾ। ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਬੇਅμਤ ਸਿੰਹ ਨੇ ਸਿਰਫ਼ 15 ਫ਼ੀ ਸਦੀ ਵੋਟਾਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਬਣਾ ਲਈ। ਹੁਣ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਕਤਲੇਆਮ ਕਰਨਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ। ਹਰ ਰੋਜ਼ ਦਰਜਨਾਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਾਰੇ ਜਾਣ ਲਗ ਪਏ। ਬੇਅμਤ, ਕੇ.ਪੀ. ਗਿੱਲ ਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਾਥੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਨੌਜਵਾਨ ਮਾਰੇ। ਇਸ ਕਤਲੇਆਮ ਦਾ ਅμਤ 31 ਅਗਸਤ 1995 ਦੇ ਦਿਨ ਉਦੋਂ ਹੋਇਆ ਜਦੋਂ ਦਿਲਾਵਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਛਾਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਬੰਬ ਬμਨ੍ਹ ਕੇ ਜ਼ਾਲਮ ਬੇਅμਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ ਤੂμਬਾ-ਤੂμਬਾ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਉੜਾ ਦਿਤਾ ਤੇ ਪਾਪ ਦਾ ਅੰਤ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੀ ਧਰਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਕੁਝ ਸੁਖ ਦਾ ਸਾਹ ਆਇਆ (ਇਸ ਐਕਸ਼ਨ ਵਿਚ ਬਲਵੰਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਰਾਜੋਆਣਾ, ਜਗਤਾਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਹਵਾਰਾ, ਜਗਤਾਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਤਾਰਾ ਤੇ ਪਰਮਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਵੀ ਅਹਿਮ ਰੋਲ ਸੀ)। ਇਸ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਵੀ ਜ਼ਾਲਮ ਪੁਲਸੀਆਂ ਕੇ.ਪੀ. ਗਿੱਲ ਤੇ ਅਜੀਤ ਸੰਧੂ ਨੇ ਜਸਵੰਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਖਾਲੜਾ ਵਰਗੇ ਸੱਜਣ ਨੂੰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ।

1997 ਵਿਚ ਪμਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਮੁੜ ਚੋਣਾਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ। ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੇ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਦੇ ਜ਼ੁਲਮ ਤੋਂ ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ ਪਾਉਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਅਕਾਲੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਜਿਤਾਇਆ। ਪਰ ਚੀਫ਼ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਬਣ ਕੇ ਬਾਦਲ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਸਲਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਫਾਰਖਤੀ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜੇਲ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਸੜਨ ਦਿਤਾ। ਸਗੋਂ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਜ਼ਾਲਮ ਕਾਤਲ ਪੁਲਸੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਪੁਸ਼ਤ-ਪਨਾਹੀ ਕੀਤੀ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਮਜ਼ਲੂਮ ਦੀ ਬਾਂਹ ਨਾ ਫੜੀ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਸਲੇ ਹੱਲ ਤਾਂ ਕੀ ਕਰਨੇ ਸੀ, ਸਗੋਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਰਪਰਸਤੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਰਾਧਾ ਸੁਆਮੀਆਂ, ਨਿਰμਕਾਰੀਆਂ, ਕੂਕਿਆ (ਨਾਮਧਾਰੀਆਂ), ਆਸ਼ੁਤੋਸ਼ੀਆਂ, ਸਿਰਸੇ ਵਾਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਸਾਧਾਂ ਤੇ ਡੇਰੇਦਾਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੱਜ ਕੇ ਮਦਦ ਕੀਤੀ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਆਰ.ਐਸ.ਐਸ. ਨੂੰ ਪੂਰੀ ਮਦਦ ਤੇ ਸਹੂਲਤਾਂ ਦਿਤੀਆਂ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਉਹ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਪਰਚਾਰ ਕਰ ਸਕਣ। ਬਾਦਲ ਦੇ 1997-2002 ਕਾਲ ਵਿਚ ਲੱਖਾਂ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਪਤਿਤ ਹੋਣਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕੀਤਾ (ਇਹ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਦੂਜੇ ਕਾਲ, 2007 ਤੋਂ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਵੀ ਜਾਰੀ ਰਿਹਾ)। ਇਹ ਫ਼ੀਸਦੀ ਕੁਲ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ 10 ਤੋਂ ਵਧ ਕੇ 70 % ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਬਾਦਲ ਦਾ ਅਨਐਲਾਣਿਆ ਹੁਕਮ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਕਿਸੇ ਕੇਸਧਾਰੀ ਸਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਨੌਕਰੀ ਨਾ ਦਿਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ। ਉਸ ਦੇ ਆਲੇ-ਦੁਆਲੇ ਦਾ ਹਰ ਸੀਨੀਅਰ ਤੇ ਜੂਨੀਅਰ ਮੁਲਾਜ਼ਮ ਜਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਹਿμਦੂ ਸੀ ਜਾਂ ਪਤਿਤ, ਪਰ ਸਿੱਖ ਕੋਈ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ।

2002 ਵਿਚ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵਿਚ ਕੈਪਟਨ ਅਮਰਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਕਾਂਗਰਸੀ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਆਈ। ਬਾਦਲ ਨੇ 1999 ਵਿਚ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਪਰਗਟ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਤੀਜੀ ਸ਼ਤਾਬਦੀ ਮਨਾਈ ਸੀ। ਕੈਪਟਨ ਨੇ 2004 ਤੋਂ 6 ਤਕ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰμਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ਵੱਡੇ ਤੇ ਛੋਟੇ ਸਾਹਿਬਜ਼ਾਦਿਆਂ ਤੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੀ ਸ਼ਹੀਦੀ ਵਗ਼ੈਰਾ ਦੀਆਂ ਸ਼ਤਾਬਦੀਆਂ ਮਨਾਈਆਂ। ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਵਿਚ ਬੈਠੇ ਹਿμਦੂਆਂ ਤੇ ਬੇਅμਤ ਗਰੁੱਪ ਨੇ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਖ਼ੂਬ ਵਿਰੋਧਤਾ ਕੀਤੀ। ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਬਾਦਲ ਭਾਵੇਂ ਅਪੋਜ਼ੀਸ਼ਨ ਵਿਚ ਸੀ ਪਰ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਪμਥਕ ਮਸਲਿਆਂ ਤੇ ਕਦੇ ਜ਼ਬਾਨ ਨਾ ਖੋਲ੍ਹੀ ਸਗੋਂ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਹਰ ਸਟੇਜ ’ਤੇ ਭਾਜਪਾ ਆਗੂਆਂ ਦਾ ਸਨਮਾਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ‘ਚੋਂ ਬਹੁਤਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਸਦਾ ਸਿੱਖੀ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਹੀ ਬੋਲਿਆ।
ਬਾਦਲ ਤੇ ਟੌਹੜਾ, ਜੋ 1998 ਵਿਚ ਇਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਖ ਹੋ ਗਏ ਸਨ, 2003 ਵਿਚ ਫਿਰ ਇਕੱਠੇ ਹੋ ਗਏ। ਪਰ ਟੌਹੜਾ ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 2004 ਵਿਚ ਚੜ੍ਹਾਈ ਕਰ ਗਿਆ। ਹੁਣ ਸ਼੍ਰੋਮਣੀ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਅਤੇ ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਵੀ ਬਾਦਲ ਦੀ ਗ੍ਰਿਫ਼ਤ ਵਿਚ ਆ ਗਏ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੋਹਾਂ ਇμਸਟੀਚਿਊਸ਼ਨਜ਼ ਨੂੰ ਬੁਰੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਮਧੋਲਿਆ, ਬਦਨਾਮ ਕੀਤਾ, ਬੇਅਦਬੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਤੇ ਤਬਾਹ ਕੀਤਾ।

2007 ਦੀਆਂ ਚੋਣਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਬਾਦਲ ਦੋਬਾਰਾ ਚੀਫ਼ ਮਨਿਸਟਰ ਬਣਿਆ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਹੁਣ ਫੇਰ ਸਿੱਖ ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ ਜਮਾਤਾਂ ਤੇ ਅਦਾਰਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਪੁਸ਼ਤ ਪਨਾਹੀ ਤੇ ਸਰਪਰਸਤੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿਤੀ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕੂਕਿਆਂ (ਨਾਮਧਾਰੀਆਂ) ਤੇ ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ’ਤੇ ਪμਜਾਬ ’ਚ ਐਨੇ ਅਦਾਰੇ ਕਾਇਮ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਿੰਨੇ ਕਿ ਕੁਝ ਗੁਰੂਆਂ ਤੇ ਸ਼ਹੀਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ਤੇ ਅਜ ਤਕ ਕਾਇਮ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਨ ਹੋਏ। ਇਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਸਰਸਾ ਦੇ ਸਾਧ ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿμਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦਾ ਸ੍ਵਾਂਗ ਰਚਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਡਰਾਮਾ ਕੀਤਾ, ਜਿਸ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਰੋਹ ਉਠਿਆ। ਬਾਦਲ ਨੇ ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਦੇ ਪੁਜਾਰੀਆਂ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਪੰਥ ਨੂੰ ਮੂਰਖ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ, ਰੌਲਾ ਪੁਆ ਕੇ ਪੰਥ ਦਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਨੁਕਸਾਨ ਕੀਤਾ। ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਹੋਰ ਨਿੰਮੋਝੂਣਤਾ ਆਈ ਤੇ ਢਹਿμਦੀ ਕਲਾ ਦਾ ਮਾਹੌਲ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ। ਪਰ, ਜਦ ਉਸ ਨੇ 2012 ਵਿਚ ਦੋਬਾਰਾ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਲਈ ਤਾਂ ਇਹ ਤਬਾਹੀ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਵਧ ਗਈ। 2014 ਵਿਚ ਸੈਂਟਰ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਿਰਕੂ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਨਤਾ ਪਾਰਟੀ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ਾਸ਼ਿਸਟ ਸੋਚ ਵਾਲੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ ਸੋਇਮ ਸਵਕ ਸੰਘ ਦੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਬਣਨ ਨਾਲ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਔਖੇ ਦਿਨ ਆਉਣ ਦਾ ਖ਼ਦਸ਼ਾ (ਡਰ) ਹੈ।

ਅਜ 2015 ਵਿਚ ਸਿੱਖ ਇਕ ਵੱਡੇ ਸμਕਟ ’ਚੋਂ ਲμਘ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ। ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਦਸਤਾਰ ਬੈਨ ਕਰ ਦਿਤੀ ਹੈ, ਬਾਦਲ ਨੇ ਕੇਸ ਦਾੜੀ ਰੱਦ ਕਰ ਦਿਤੇ ਹਨ। ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਬੇਕਾਰੀ, ਬੇਦਿਲੀ, ਉਦਾਸੀ, ਬੇਗ਼ੈਰਤੀ ਦਾ ਬੋਲਬਾਲਾ ਹੈ। ਕੁਝ ਟਕਸਾਲੀ ਅਕਾਲੀ, ਮਿਸ਼ਨਰੀ ਤੇ ਵਿਦਵਾਨ ਜਦੋਜਹਿਦ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ ਪਰ ਭਲਕ ਨੂੰ ਕੀ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ ਦਾ ਕਿਆਸ ਲਾਉਣਾ ਅਜੇ ਔਖਾ ਹੈ।

(ਡਾ. ਹਰਜਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਿਲਗੀਰ)

gurU nwnk swihb qoN pihlW is`K homlYˆf dw Dwrimk nkSw

isµD GwtI dI siBAqw vyly pUry d`KxI eySIAw ivc lokW dw koeI jQybµd Drm nhIN sI[ lok kudrqI qwkqW Aqy Aw&qW qoN frdy sn, aunHW qoN rihm dI iB`iKAw mµgdy sn qy aunHW dI „pUjw‟ krdy sn[ vrDmwn jYn Aqy gOqm buD ny jYn qy bu`D DrmW dw mu`F bµinHAw[ Xwin d`KxI eySIAw ivc sB qoN pihly Drm jYn qy buD Drm sn[

buD qoN pihlW lok qwkq (SkqI) dy kwlpink dyvqy iSv dI „pUjw‟ krdy sn (Xwin aus qoN frdy sn qyy cwlwk lokW, Xwin bRwhmxW qy pujwrIAW ny aunHW nUM AKOqI pUjw ivc aulJw ilAw)[ ies kwl dI iek hor idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik bRwhmxW ny dyviqAW nwloN dyvIAW vDyry kwiem kIqIAW sn ikauNik vDyry kudrqI Aw&qW mwdw (nwrI ilMg) sn: hnyrI, A`g, mINh, grIbI, Bu`K, lVweI, bImwrI[ iesy kr ky sRI, l`CmI, FkySvrI, durgw/cMfI/BgauqI, kwmwiKAw, AMbw/jgdMbw, SyrWvwlI, joqWvwlI nYxW (vwlI) dyvIAW sn[ ies dy nwl hI bRwhmxW ny dYNq vI pYdw kr ley ijnHW nUM dyviqAW dI bjwie ienHW „dyvIAW‟ qoN hrvwieAw qy mrvwieAw[ drAsl ieh swaUQ eySIAw dy ies ielwky dy lokW dI buzidlI sI ik auh DwVvIAW dw twkrw nhIN sn kr skdy qy AOrqW (dyvIAW) qoN duSmxW nUM hrvwauNdy sn[ buq pUjw qy dyvI pUjw iesy kwl dI pYdwvwr hn[ ies qrHW dy Drm (drAsl krm-kWf) dw kwl sMn 1000 qoN 600 purwxw kwl hY[

swaUQ eySIAw dy lokW dI ies buq pUjw nUM gOqm bu`D (jnm 567 purwxw kwl) ny qoiVAw[ CyqI hI lok smJ gey qy bRwhmxW dI kmweI Gt geI qy aunHW dI rozI nUM s`t v`jI[ ies kr ky bRwhmxW nUMM bu~D Drm ‟qy bhuq gu`sw sI Aqy ies Drm nwl bVI n&rq sI[

ASok vyly buD Drm, „rwjy dw Drm‟ hox kr ky, lokW ivc prcwirAw igAw[ kuJ lokW ny rwjy dI nkl krn kr ky, kuJ ny hwkmW ƒ ^uS krn vwsqy (qy kuJ kU lokW ny ies dy &ls&y ƒ psµd kr ky vI) buD Drm A^iqAwr kIqw[ A`T-nON sO swl dw smW buD Drm d`Kx-prbI eySIAw Aqy pµjwb dy lokW dw Drm bixAw irhw[ bwimAwn (A&gwinsqwn), SihbwzgVHI (pwiksqwn), svwq (pwiksqwn), rvwlsr (ihmWcl), sµGol (au~cw ipµf), rUpV (hux ropV), ngr (iPlOr dy nyVy), sunyq (luiDAwxw) Aqy kuJ hor jgHw Ajy vI aus kwl dIAW inSwnIAW sµBwlI bYTIAW hn[

jd mOrIAw ^wndwn dI hkUmq ^qm hoeI qW aus vyly qk kwiv-nwvl (mhWkwiv) mhWBwrq qy rwmwiex ilKy jw cuky sn[ aus vyly dIAW sB qoN cµgIAW khwxIAW hox kr ky ieh lokW ivc (qy auh vI isr& mOjUdw au~qr pRdyS, ibhwr, m`D pRdyS ivc) hrmn ipAwry ho gey[ ijvyN A`j pµjwb ivc imrzw-swihbW, s`sI- pµnU, hIr-rWJw, sohxI-mhINvwl dy ik`sy mkbUl hox mgroN qvwrI^ jwpx lg pey hn, ieµ\ hI au~qr pRdyS-m`D pRdyS-ibhwr ivc mhWBwrq qy rwmwiex kwiv-nwvl pihlW qW iKAwlI (kwlpink) khwxIAW qoN imQhws bxy qy Pyr „qvwrI^‟ vjoN prcwry jwx lg pey[ sµn 500 swl purwxw kwl (ijs nUM eIsweI bI.sI. ilKdy hn qy dUjy lok E.eI. Xwin Elf ierw, pMjwbI ivc purwxw kwl) dy Awly-duAwly ienHW dI rcnw hoeI qy qkrIbn iek hzwr swl mgroN, sMn 500 (nvW kwl) dy nyVy, ieh lok-swihq bx gey[ ies dy nwl hI pujwrI jmwq pYdw ho geI[ aunHW ny mhWBwrq qy rwmwiex dy iKAwlI hIroAW ƒ pihlW rwjy qy iPr imQhwsk dyvqy bxw ky pyS krnw SurU kr idqw[ ieh kwrvweI vI do kU sO swl cldI rhI[ bs iesy ivcoN hI ATvIN-nOvIN sdI (nvW/mOjUdw kwl) ivc ienHW iKAwlI (kwlpink) hIroAW dI pUjw (krm-kWf) dw „Drm‟ dw jnm hoieAw[

ies „Drm‟ (krm-kWf) dI SurUAwq qoN pihlW ienHW dySW (mgD, kwSI, vZYrw) dy lok kudrqI qwkqW dy imQhwsk dyviqAW dI pUjw krdy sn[ ienHW ivcoN muK sn: iSv, ivSƒ, sUrj, ieµdr[ iSv ƒ qbwhI, mOq, qwkq vZYrw dw dyvqw mµinAw jWdw sI[ ies dI Kurwk ivc Srwb qy mws dI pUrI vrqoN sI[ dUjw QW ivSƒ dw sI[ ivSƒ mws-Srwb dy ault sI[ iesy kr ky mws-Srwb nw vrqx vwilAW ƒ vYSno (ivSƒ dy pujwrI) ikhw jWdw hY[ sUrj dyvqw rOSnI qy AYnrjI dw dyvqw mµinAw jWdw sI[ ies dy pujwrI vDyry kr ky krnwtk qy hor d`KxI ielwikAW ivc sn[ iSv dy mµnx vwly bhuqw kr ky kwmrUp, bµgwl qy ibhwr ivc sn[ ivSƒ dy pujwrI vDyry kr ky au~qr pRdyS qy mD pRdyS ivc sn[ ienHW ivcoN koeI vI dyvqw is`K homlYˆf, pµjwb, kSmIr, A&Zwinsqwn vwly ielwky dy lokW ivc mkbUl nhIN sI[ bu`D Drm dy zvwl mgroN pMjwb dy lok jogIAW, nwQW vZYrw nUM hI r`b dy Bgq jwx ky siqkwr dyNdy sn jW kwlpink/imiQhwsk/dMd kQwvW dy hIroAW (nwiekW) dI hI pUjw krdy sn[

hrS vrDn dy vyly qk hI nhIN blik sMn 1200 qk pµjwb ivc mu`K Drm buD Drm hI sI[ ies qoN bwAd gorK nwQ dy jogIAW/XogIAW ny pMjwb dI DrqI ‟qy bhuq pRcwr kIqw pr auh lokweI qoN B`jx vwly lok sn ies kr ky auh bhuqy lokW nUM Awpxy nwl nw joV sky[ auN\ aunHW ny vI Awpxy qvIqW, jwdU-tUixAW qy qWqirk BrmW ivc lokW nUM Psw ky auhI rol Adw kIqw jo pUrb qy d`Kx ivc bRwhmxW ny kIqw sI[ jogIAW dw krm kWf qkrIbn iqMn kU sdIAW (qyrHvIN qoN pMdrvIN sdI qk) vDyry c`ilAw Aqy ies dw ^wqmw gurU nwnk swihb dy pRcwr mgroN hI hoieAw[

bRwhmxW dy mOjUdw krm kWf dI SurUAwq ATvIN sdI dy A^Ir jW nOvIN sdI dy SurU ivc hoeI sI[ ies dw AwgU d`Kx dw iek bRwhmx SMkrwcwrX sI[ aus ny mukwmI rwijAW dI mdd nwl jYn mMdrW Aqy bu`D Drm dy m`TW ‟qy kbzy kr ky aunHW nUM ihMdU Drm dy mMdr bxw ilAw[ jYnIAW dy sYNtrW ‟qy kbzw krn vyly bRwhmxW nUM koeI muSikl nw AweI ikauN ik iek qW auh „AihMsw‟ dy „pujwrI‟ sn qy dUjw aunHW dy sYNtrW dy ieMcwrj vDyry kr ky bRwhmxW iv`coN hI sn[ buD Drm dy sYNtr bRwhmxW dy zwlmwnw hmilAW dw burI qrHW iSkwr hoey[ aunHW dI bhuq qbwhI hoeI, buD dy buq qoV id`qy, eImwrqW qbwh kr id`qIAW qy aunHW dIAW lwiebryrIAW qk swV id`qIAW[ SMkrwcwrX dw AYkSn FwhU qy nYgYitv sI[ ies ny buD Drm dw nukswn qW kIqw pr ies nwl mOjUdw ihMdU Drm pYdw nhIN sI ho sikAw[ hW lok muV krm kWf qy buq pUjw vl zrUr D`k id`qy gey sn[ ies mgroN XwrHvIN sdI ivc iek hor bRwhmx rwmwnuj ny krm-kWf Aqy buq pUjw dw vDyry pRcwr qy pRswr kIqw[ ies mgroN iek hor bRwhmx rwmw nMd ny vI ies ivc v`fw rol Adw kIqw[ pMdrvIN sdI dy A^Ir ivc jMimAw, nwfIAw dw iek bRwhmx, cYqMinAw drAsl ivSnUM BgqI dw pihlw Aihm pRcwrk sI[ qkrIbn iesy vyly hI qyilMgwnw dw iek bRwhmx v`lBI vI iesy lihr dw pRcwrk bixAw[ d`Kx-pUrb dy ieh bRwhmx drAsl isr& ivSnUM dy pRcwrk sn jdik Dur-pUrb ivc Ajy vI iSv-pUjw dw hI bolbwlw sI[

rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq dIAW iKAwlI (kwlpink) khwxIAW ivcoN pYdw hoieAw krm-kWf cODvIN sdI qk pMjwb ivc nhIN pu`jw sI (pMjwb ivc rwm qy ikRSn dw „Drm‟ drAsl muslmwn hwkmW dy mulwzm lY ky Awey sn[ ies dIAW pihlIAW jVHW kwSI, mQrw qy AXuiDAw vZYrw ivc lgIAW sn ikauNik rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq kwiv-nwvlW ivc ienHW QWvW dw izkr hY[ rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq kwiv-nwvl vI koeI ie`ko vwrI ivc nhIN sn ilKy gey[ ieh qW 500 (purwxw kwl) qoN sµn 500 (nvW kwl) qk, qkrIbn iek hzwr swl, ik`isAW vWg lok-swihq bxdy, bdldy, inKrdy, Gtdy-vDdy gey[ ienHW ƒ v`K-v`K kvIAW ny keI-keI rUp idqy[

hOlI-hOlI d`KxI eySIAw dy dyvqy iSv, ivSƒ, sUrj, ieµdr kmzor huµdy gey Aqy nvyN imQhws hrmn ipAwry hox lg pey[ ienHW dy hIroAW rwm, ikRSn, hnUmwn ny iSv qy ivSƒ dI QW lY leI[ iSv isr& bµgwl-Awswm ivc, ivSƒ hirduAwr bYlt ivc, sUrj dyvqw krnwtk ivc, ieµdr kwmrUp (Aswm) ivc mihdUd ho gey[ muridAW dIAW AsQIAW pwaux kr ky hrduAwr, ipµf Brn vwsqy gXw BwvyN kw&I h`d qk bcy rhy pr nvyN kyNdr kurUkSyqr, mQrw, AXuiDAw qy iPr m`tn, kpwl mocn qy iphovw bx gey[ hor qW hor kwSI vI hOlI-hOlI AwpxI AhmIAq guAw bYTw[ mOjUdw ihµdU „Drm‟ ienHW iKAwlI (kwlpink) khwxIAW qy imQhws dy hIroAW Aqy krm-kWf dw imlgoBw hY[ iesy kr ky ies „Drm‟ dw koeI p`kw spSt &ls&w nhIN hY qy ies ivc QW-QW ‟qy iek-dUjy dy ivroDI g`lW BrIAW hoeIAW hn[ rwmwiex bwry gWDI ny ikhw sI ik jy rwmwiex nUM ieiqhws dy qOr ‟qy lYxw hovy qW  mYN  ies  nUM  r`d  kr  idAWgw[  Bwrq  dy  rwStrpqI  fw:  rwDw  ikRSnn  ny  vI rwmwiex nUM Kwls imQhws ikhw sI[ mOjUdw KojIAW iv`coN romIlw Qwpr (ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw, ijld pihlI, s&w 32) qW mhWBwrq nUM iksy mukwmI ijhy JgVy coN bxI khwxI kihMdI hY Aqy rwmwiex nUM AwrIAW qy ies ielwky dy Asl/mUl vwsIAW dI lVweI dw kwlpink ieiqhws kihMdI hY[ aus dw ieh vI ivcwr hY ik ieh gMg-doAwb dy ikswnW Aqy ivMiDAwn dy purwxy iSkwrI Aqy Bojn iek`Tw krn vwly kbIilAW ivckwr hoeIAW lVweIAW dy plwt coN pYdw hoeI kwlpink khwxI hY qy sRIlMkw dI khwxI iksy ny mgroN pw id`qI ho skdI hY (ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw, ijld pihlI, s&w 32-33)[ auh rwmrwj nUM supinAW dI kwlpink i&lws&I AwKdI hY[

1. Anqovw, jI. bOngwrf-lYivn qy gI. koqovskI ey, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw, ijld pihlI (s&w 52, 53) ivc vI rwmwiex nUM ieMfo-AwrIAW dy hmly nwl sbMDq krdy hn[ aunHW muqwibk rwmwiex cOQI sdI purwxw kwl qoN cOQI sdI nvW kwl ivckwr rcI geI sI[ ies ivc bhuq swrIAW g`lW pihlI sdI dIAW vI imldIAW hn[

ieslwm dw pRcwr : iek pwsy qW muslm hmlwvrW ny jbrI muslmwn bxwaux dI muihµm clweI hoeI sI, dUjy pwsy musilm Dwrimk pRcwrkW, ^ws kr ky sUPIAW ny l`KW lokW ƒ muslmwn bxwieAw[ ienHW musilm pRcwrkW ivcoN muK ieh sn :

(1) Kvwjw muAeIn-aud-dIn icSqI (sXd ^wndwn dw ieh pRcwrk 1193 ivc id`lI AwieAw qy iPr 1236 ivc Ajmyr clw igAw ijQy aus dI mOq ho geI[ auh kuJ smW lwhOr ivc vI irhw sI[ aus dy mzwr kr ky bhuq swry musilm ies Sihr ƒ Ajmyr-SrI& kihµdy hn qy ie`Qy iebwdq krn AwauNdy hn[ (2) Sy^ kuqb-aud-dIn b^iqAwr kwkI (auh bwrHvIN sdI dy A^Ir ivc ielquqimS vyly id`lI pu`jw sI qy 1235 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[ auh kwPI smW mulqwn ivc vI irhw sI)[ (3) Sy^ PrId-aud-dIn gµj-ie-S`kr (auh mulqwn ivc pYdw hoieAw sI qy aus dw vDyry pRcwr pµjwb ivc sI[ aus dI mOq 1269 ivc AjoDn, hux pwkptn, ivc hoeI sI)[ (4) Sy^ inzwm-aud-dIn AOlIAw (auh Sy^ &rId dw cylw sI[ auh vDyry id`lI ivc irhw, ijQy 1325 ivc aus dI mOq hoeI[ aus dw mzwr muslmwnW vwsqy „iebwdq‟ dI QW hY)[ (5) Sy^ bdr-aud-dIn-ie`Swk (ieh SyK PrId dw juAweI sI qy vDyry kr ky pwkptn ivc hI irhw sI) (6) Sy^ Sr&-aud-dIn (ies dw pRcwr vDry kr ky pwnIpq dy duAwly irhw sI)[

is`K Drm, ieslwm, boDI Drm qy bRwhmxI krm-kWf (ieh Drm kdy vI nhIN sI) dy pRcwr qy prswr ivc iek buinAwdI &rk hY[ buD Drm ASok rwjy v`loN rwj-Drm bxwey jwx mgroN PYilAw qy jdoN boDIAW dw rwj mu`ikAw qW rwjpUq rwijAW ny jbrI ies dw nws kr id`qw[ ieM\ hI ieslwm vDyry kr ky qlvwr nwl PYilAw pr ies dy bwvjUd bhuq swry lokW ny ies nUM kbUl nw kIqw[ A`j dw p`CmI pMjwb Aqy kSmIr vDyry kr ky aunHW lokW dw hI hY jo qlvwr dy fr kwrn jW lwlc ivc muslmwn bxy sn[ sU&I qy hor musilm prcwrkW ny vI bhuq swry lokW nUM muslmwn bxwieAw sI[

kSmIr, pMjwb, bMgwl qy au~qr pRdyS ivc bhuq  swry lokW  ny ieslwm A^iqAwr kIqw[ ies dw kwrn ieh hY ik ie`QoN dy lokW dw koeI „Drm‟ nhIN sI[ p`Qr qy hor kudrqI Aw&qW dy msnUhI qy klipq dyviqAW dI pUjw koeI jIvn-jwc jW rUhwnIAq nhIN sI isKWdI[ jd ATvI-nOvIN sdI ivc bRwhmxI krm kWf kwiem hoieAw qW aus dw lokW dy mnW Aqy rUhW ‟qy koeI Asr nhIN sI[ auh qW ZYbI qwkqW dy fr qoN Gbrw ky koeI Awswn qrIkw lBdy sn ijhVw dMBI bRwhmxW (pujwrIAW) ny pyS kr ky qy Brmw ky lokW nUM mUrK bxw ilAw sI[ iPr muslmwn jrvwixAW dy zulm qoN frdy lok kwlw ielm, jwdU mMqr, hvn-X`g vZYrw ivcoN „rwKI‟ qy ih&wzq l`Bx dI Aws ivc jogIAW dy cyly qy mgroN „bRwhmxI krm kWfIey‟ bx gey[ ipRQvI rwj cOhwn dI hwr (1192-93) qoN 1507 (gurU nwnk swihb dIAW audwsIAW dI SurUAwq) qk l`KW lok muslmwn bx cuky sn[ ies lihr nUM T`lH gurU nwnk swihb dIAW audwsIAW ny hI pweI sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dy pRcwr dOirAW qoN bwAd eyQoN dy vwsIAW nUM jbrI muslmwn qW bxwieAw igAw ho skdw hY pr auh AwpxI mrzI nwl jW cox nwl jW bRwhmxI krm-kWf qoN bZwvq kr ky muslmwn nhIN bxy sn (hW 1507 qoN mgroN is`K zrUr bxy sn)[

swaUQ eySIAw ivc mOjUdw Bwrq ivc BwvyN muslmwn iesy DrqI dy bwiSMdy hI sn pr aunHW ivc „BwrqI‟ kOmIAq dI soc nhIN[ ies dy do kwrn hn: iek qW Ajoky Bwrq (ijhVw Asl ivc 20-25 dySW dw smUh hY) ivc bhuigxqI dI soc kOmIAq vwlI nhIN blik i&rkU hY[ auh qW ^ud Bwrq nUM dyS nhIN blik ihMdU AKvwaux vwly lokW dI mlkIAq/kbzw/ iejwrydwrI mMndy hn[ dUjw, ieh ielwkw kdy iek nhIN irhw qy ie`Qy iek kOm vwlw Aihsws ho hI nhIN sI skdw[ ieh qW AMgryzW ny isAwsI qy inzwm (pRbMD) dI shUlq vwsqy iek kIqw hoieAw sI[ jy ieh nhIN sI qW kSmIr, nYpwl, brmw, iskm, BUtwn qy kuJ h`d qk iqbq vI ies dw ih`sw bx skdy sn[ ijvyN ik mYN aupr ikhw hY ik ihMdU Drm nhIN blik iek krm-kWf hY ijhVw pWifAW/pujwrIAW ny kwiv nwvlW (iKAwlI khwxIAW) ivcoN pYdw kIqw sI[ isr& is`K Drm hI hY ijs nUM nw qW qlvwr ny qy nw lwlc ny prcwirAw[ ies nUM qW lokW ny ^ud Awpxy-Awp hI ApxwieAw sI[ shI mwAinAW ivc dyiKAw jwey qW isr& is`K Drm dI nINh pMjwb dI im`tI ivc r`KI geI sI qy bwkI swry DrmW dIAW jVHW EprI im`tI ivc sn[ iesy kr ky s`cy qy Asl pMjwbIAW ny is`K Drm ƒ idloN kbUl kIqw[

pMjwb ivc is`K Drm dI SurUAwq qoN pihlW v`K-v`K vyilAW ivc boDIAW, jYnIAW, ihMdUAW, muslmwnW qy jogIAW dw bolbwlw vI irhw sI[ ijvyN pihlW izkr kr cukw hW, ieh Drm keI v`K-v`K kwrnW kr ky pMjwb ivc Awpxw dbdbw kwiem kr sky sn[ pr pMjwbIAW ny ienHW iv`coN koeI Drm vI AwpxI mrzI nwl kbUl nhIN kIqw sI[ bwkI mulkW, twpUAW qy ielwikAW vWg A`j qoN do-iqMn hzwr swl pihlW pMjwb ivc koeI jQybMd Drm nhIN sI[ ieQoN dy lok vI A`g, pwxI, Awsmwn, sUrj, toiBAW, s`pW, jTyry, dr`KqW, phwV, mINh, b`dl vZYrw dI pUjw kirAw krdy sn[ cwlwk lokW ny ienHW kudrqI qbdIlIAW, soimAW qy Aw&qW ƒ dyvI, dyvqy qy blwvW bxw ky Awm lokW ƒ iek Ax-idsdI qwkq dy Zulwm bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ vrnw auN\ pMjwb ivc koeI jQybMd jW jmwqI Drm nhIN sI[

pMjwb dI qwrI^ ivc iksy jmwqI jW jQybMd Drm vjoN sB qoN pihlw nW bu`D Drm dw hI AwauNdw hY[ pMjwb dI qwrI^ BwvyN bu`D Drm dy qwlImI AdwirAW, XUnIvristIAW, sqUpW qy m`TW dw izkr BwvyN bhuqw qW nhIN krdI pr ienHW dy KMfrW qoN pqw lgdw hY ik bu`D Drm ny iksy vyly pMjwb ivc Awpxw bolbwlw kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI[ ies swrw kuJ dy ip`Cy bu`D Drm dw Awpxw Kwsw nhIN blik mhwrwjw ASok dI hkUmq dw „jlvw‟ sI[ rwjy dw Drm Apxwauxw ij`Qy cwplUsI, kmzorI, mjbUrI Aqy idKwvy ivcoN pYdw huMdw hY au~Qy hkUmq dw fr qy ies dI qwkq dI dihSq vI Awpxw rol Adw krdI hY[ iesy kr ky bu`D Drm mhwrwjw ASok dI hkUmq dI Swno-SOkq dy idnW q`k hI PYilAw[ ies qoN bwAd sqvIN-ATvIN sdI ivc rwjpUq rwijAW dI hkUmq Awaux nwl bu`D Drm dy sYNtr Alop hox l`g pey[ ies dI jgHw bRwhmxI krm-kWf dw PYlwA SurU ho igAw qy ies dy nwl hI bu`D Drm dy AdwirAW dy inSwn q`k imtwey jwx lg pey[ nvyN Drm dy “pujwrIAW” ny boDIAW Aqy jYnIAW Aqy hor nvyN rsmoN-irvwj, krm kWf, Dwrimk irvwieqW, pUjw dy qrIky qy sMskwr Apxw ky Awpxw iek krm-kWfI isstm kwiem kr ilAw[ hwlW ik pMjwb ivc jYnIAW dw koeI nW inSwn nhIN sI, pr Bwrq ivcoN vrDmwn mhWvIr dy cyilAW ivcoN keI pMjwb ivc Aw vsy sn Aqy kuJ nvyN hmlwvrW, rwijAW qy AihlkwrW vjoN Awey sn qy Awpxy nwl jYn Drm dIAW Dwrimk irvwieqW qy sMskwr vI lY Awey sn[ iesy kr ky pMjwb ivc PYly nvyN bRwhmxI krm-kWf (ijs ƒ muslmwn hmlwvrW ny „isMDU/ihMdU‟ AwiKAw) ivc boDIAW, jYnIAW Aqy kbwielI irvwieqW qy sMskwrW ny AwpxI jgHw bxw leI[ vkq dy bIqx nwl ieh irvwieqW qy sMskwr iek “Drm” vjoN kwiem ho gey[ pMjwb dw mOjUdw bRwhmxI krm-kWf ienHW v`K-v`K pYtrn vwly sMskwrW, irvwieqW qy AkIdy dy imlgoBy dw Drm hY[ iesy kr ky pMjwb ihMdusqwn, drwvVsqwn, bMgwl, mrh`ty Aqy rwjpUqW dy mulkW qoN v`Krw hY ienHW swirAW dw AkIdw, irvwieqW, sMskwr Aqy pUjw dy qrIky iek dUjy qoN v`Kry hn[

ienHW dy dyvqy vI v`K-v`K sn[ iksy jgHw sUrj sI qy ikqy cMn, iksy jgHw A`g dyvqw sI qy ikqy ieMdr qy b`dl „dyvqy‟ sn[ iksy jgHw iSvjI dyvqw sI qy ikqy ivSƒ[ ieM\ hI iksy ielwky ivc rwjw rwm mkbUl sI qy iksy jgHw rwjw ikRSn[ vkq bIqx nwl ienHW dyvI-dyviqAW dy buq bxn l`gy qy ienHW dy nW ‟qy mMdr vI bxn l`g pey[ ienHW mMdrW ivc bu`qW dI pUjw vI hox l`g peI[ hOlI-hOlI pujwrI jmwq vI kwiem ho geI[ vkq dy bIqx nwl ies jmwq ny v`K-v`K mMdrW ivc hox vwly pUjw pwT ƒ AwpxI rozI dw vsIlw bxw ilAw[ mgroN ies nwl AwpsI mu&wd vI tkrwaux l`g pey[ rwijAW ny dyviqAW dy pujwrIAW ƒ srpRsqI dyxI qy lYxI SurU kr id`qI[ smW bIqx nwl rwijAW ny ies pujwrI jmwq ƒ Awpxy mu&wd vwsqy vrqxw SurU kr id`qw[ ies pYNqVy dy ieh ih`sy vjoN rwijAW ny ienHW pujwrIAW dw AwpsI tkrwA ^qm krvwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI[ kuJ clwk pujwrIAW ny Awpxy kwiem kIqy hoey fyirAW Aqy mMdrW ivc iek qoN vD bu`q r`Kxy SurU kr id`qy qW jo auh hr qrHW dy SrDwlU qoN dwn lY skx[ hOlI-hOlI dyvqy sWJy bxdy gey[ ienHW dI sWJ ‟coN pYdw hoey krm kWf ƒ „ihMdU mq‟ AwiKAw jwx l`g ipAw Aqy ieh nW vI ienHW ny Awp nhIN cuixAw sI blik muslmwnW vloN id`qw igAw sI[ ies nW ƒ XUrpInW qy hor XwqrUAW ny vDyry mkbUlIAq idvweI[ muhMmd gOrI qy hor muslmwn hmlwvwrW dy Awaux qoN bwAd pMjwb ivc ieslwm ny vI pYr pswrny SurU kr id`qy [ ieslwm dy PYlwA ip`Cy fr qy dihSq vDyry sI[ auN\ ies ip`Cy Sy^ PrId vrgy sU&I prcwrkW dy rol dy nwl-nwl jbrI Drm-bdlI Aqy hwkm dy ipCl`g bxn dI kmzorI vI Swiml sI[ ihMdUAW ivc ieslwm dy PYlwA dIAW koiSSW dw twkrw krn dI ihMmq qW kI Awpxy Drm qy klcr dI ih&wzq krn dI jurAq hI nhIN blik auNmId vI ^qm ho cukI sI[ auh swrw kuJ p`Qr qy im`tI dy buqW dy Awsry Aqy ZYbI qwkqW dy rihm ‟qy hI C`fI bYTy sn[ auh rm dy h`k vwsqy ftx qW kI socx leI vI iqAwr nhIN sn[

iesy dOr ivc pMjwb dI srzmIN ‟qy is`K Drm ny jnm ilAw[ pMjwb hI nhIN swry mhWdIp ivc ipCly pMdrW sO swl dI qwrI^ ivc koeI hsqI AYsI nhIN sI ijs ny iksy zwlm hwkm jW dihSqgrd dy i^lw& Awvwz auTweI hovy[ bwbr ƒ “jwbr” AwKxw, rwijAW ƒ “SINh” qy aus dy AihlkwrW ƒ “ku`qy” AwKxw, hmlwvr dI &Oj ƒ “pwp dI jM\” dw nW dyxw, bwbr ƒ “jm” grdwnxw; eys jzIry vwsqy iek AnoKw ienklwb sI[ ies AxK Aqy dlyrI ƒ gurU nwnk dy vwirsW ny vI duhrwieAw[ swry mhWdIp ivc hkUmq ƒ cYlMj krn vwly Dwrimk AwgU qwrI^ ivc pihlI vwr swhvyN Awey sn[ ieh auh vylw sI jdoN ies jzIry dI Aw^rI AxKIlI kOm rwjpUqW ivcoN vI bhuiqAW ny hiQAwr su`t ky AwpxI AxK dw sOdw kr ilAw sI qy auh Akbr qy hor muZlW ƒ AwpxIAW DIAW dy foly dy ky byZYrq AKvwaux l`igAW vI sMg nhIN krdy sn[

Aijhy vyilAW ivc gurU swihb ny lokW ƒ AxK nwl jIx dI jwc isKweI[ gurU swihb ny pMjwbIAW ƒ ij`Qy iek Akwl purK dI hsqI dw Aihsws krvwieAw, au~Qy AxK qy Swn vI id`qI[ gurU swihb dy Drm ny v`fI qoN v`fI qwkq, dihSq, zulm, jbr A`gy isr Jukwaux, byihs hox, dUjy-qIjy drjy dy ienswn bx ky jIx ƒ r`d kIqw[ gurU swihb ny is`KW ivcoN Aihswsy-kmqrI (hIxqw Bwv) ƒ dUr kIqw[ pMjwb dy klcr ivc jo AxK A`j nzr AwauNdI hY auh gurU swihb dI hI dyx hY[ dunIAW Br ivc hwkm kOmW dy pYrokwrW ivc hYNkV dw ipCokV aunHW dy h`Q ivc „qwkq‟ hoxw hY[ ies hYNkV ƒ AxK nhIN AwK skdy ikauNik AxK nwl jIx ivc dUjy ‟qy hkUmq krn dI soc nhIN huMdI blik dUjy dy h`k, vjUd, hsqI vZYrw ƒ kbUl krdy hoey AwpxI S^sIAq ƒ AzwdI nwl vDx Pu`lx dw mwhOl muh`eIAw krnw Swiml huMdw hY[ bhuqIAW hwkm kOmW ivc AxK dI jgHw hYNkV huMdI hY[ ies hYNkV ivc Aksr D`ky-SwhI dy nwl-nwl dUjy DrmW, kOmW, nslW nwl n&rq vI Swml ho jwieAw krdI hY[ is`K Drm ny ienswn ƒ ijs AxK dw qoh&w id`qw hY aus dw Aslw “BY kwhU kau dyq nih, nih BY mwnq Awn]” (s&w 1427) ivc pyS hY[ iek is`K ny ij`Qy Awp AxK nwl jIxw sI, au~Qy dUijAW ƒ vI AxK qy Swno-SOkq nwl jIx dw mwhOl muh`eIAw krnw hY[ A`j is`K-pMjwbIAW dw Awn-Swn nwl jIxw gurU swihb dI lwswnI dyx hY Aqy ieh dyx ZYr-is`KW ivc A`j vI bhuq G`t nzr AwauNdI hY[

ijQy gurU swihb ny inrvYr (BY kwhU kau dyq nih) qy inrBau (nih BY mwnq Awn) dw pYZwm id`qw, au~Qy is`K ƒ mIrI-pIrI dI ie`kqw (Akwl q^q swihb dw &ls&w) Aqy do qlvwrW dy myl qoN bixAw KMfw qy ies dI pwhul vI id`qI[ ieM\ hI “Ssqr ZrIb dI r`iKAw, jrvwxy dI B`iKAw” vwsqy dw pYZwm vI id`qw[ Xwin is`K ny bybs, kmzor, inqwxy dw muhwi&z bxnw hY Aqy zulm dy i^lw& ft ky lVnw hY[ jy is`K iksy dI bWh PVdw hY qW Awpxw isr dy ky vI aus dI r`iKAw krdw hY[ ZrIb dI bWh PVnw qy zulm dy i^lw& lVnw, is`K dI ^UbI hY Aqy ieh gurU swihb dI dyx hI hY[ pr, iek g`l bVI kwbly-ZOr hY ik gurU swihb ny is`K nUM id`qI qlvwr nUM ikRpwn (Awn vwsqy ikRpw nwl vrqxw) bxw id`qw[

iksy dw ipCl`g kdy nw bxn jW rihx dI soc A`j is`KW dI kOmI ^UbI hY[ ies dw ipCokV vI gurU swihb vloN is`K ƒ “isrdwrI” dI b^iSS hI hY[ hr is`K Kwlsw hY[ Kwlsw ArbI zbwn ‟coN AwieAw l&z hY[ ies dw mwAnw hY: “auh zmIn jo bwdSwh dI is`DI AwpxI hovy, Xwin pUrI qrHW Awzwd/^udmu^iqAwr”[ Akwl purK dy Kwlsy dw mqlb ieh vI hY: “Akwl purK dI is`DI irAwieAw[” is`K Awpxy Aqy Akwl purK dy ivckwr koeI vjUd nhIN mMndw[ rUhwnI qy isAwsI ^udmu^iqAwrI Kwlsy dw Kwsw hY [ iesy isrdwrI qy ^udmu^iqAwrI ny pMjwbIAW ivc iksy dw “ipCl`g nw bxn” dI soc pYdw kIqI[ pMjwb dy klcr ƒ ieh dyx vI gurU swihb dI hI hY[ ieh g`l hYrwnI vwlI hY ik ieh “isrdwrI”, “^udmu^iqAwrI” Aqy “^uddwrI” dI soc pMjwb dy ZYr-is`KW ivc “iek kOmI ^UbI” vjoN A`j vI vjUd nhIN r`KdI[

gurU swihb ny pMjwb ivcoN pujwrI jmwq v`loN pYdw kIqI “zwq-pwq” dI n&rq ƒ ^qm krn ivc vI Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ gurU kwl qoN pihlW pMjwb ivc bRwhmx, KqrI Aqy rwjpUq dw drjw qrKwx, j`t, sYxI, kMbo, lubwxy qoN ikqy aucyrw sI[ pr gurU swihb ny “lMgr, sMgq qy pMgq” ivc ij`Qy “AKOqI v`fy dI hMkwrI soc” dw ^wqmw kIqw auQy “AKOqI-Coty dy Aihswsy-kmqrI” ƒ vI jlwvqn kIqw[ is`K qwrI^ qy is`K klcr ivc BweI lwlo qrKwx, mUlw KqrI, bwbw bu`Fw j`t, cMgw BwtVw, mrdwnw imrwsI, lihxw KqrI, mMfI dw rwjpUq rwjw, pMfq bRhm dyv (m`tn) swirAW dw ieko drjw sI[ dsm pwiqSwh vyly vI BweI jIvn isMG rMGrytw, BweI mnI isMG prmwr-rwjpUq, BweI ikrpw rwm (isMG) d`q-pMfq, BweI hzwrI-BMfwrI-drbwrI bwxIey, bwbw drbwrw isMG CINbw, BweI gurid`qw rMDwvw-j`t, pwilq zorwvr isMG qrKwx, BweI gursw isMG ghUxIAw-sYxI Aqy hor zwqW vwly ikqy vI v`K-v`K nzr nhIN AwauNdy[ gurU swihb ny ij`Qy zwq-pwq, AmIr-grIb, au~cy nIvyN dI drjwbMdI ^qm kIqI au~Qy AKOqI-mwrSl zwq dw Brm vI qoiVAw[ guurU swihb ny KMfy dI pwhul hwisl krn vwly hr is`K ƒ mwrSl bxw ky kuJ ^ws kOmW dw mwrSl hox dI mnwplI dw Brm vI qoV id`qw[ ijhVy pMjwbI lok, ZznvI, bwbr, AOrMgzyb dIAW &OjW dw nW sux ky vI sihm jWdy sn, aunHW ƒ KMfy dI pwhul ny AmlI rUp ivc Syr bxw id`qw[ is`KW ivc bhwdrI dI kOmI ^UbI „KMfy dI pwhul‟ dI dyx hY[ A`j vI pwhulDwrI Aqy pwhul-hIx dy jzbwq iv`coN ies nUM vyiKAw jw skdw hY[

is`KW ivc isr& bhwdrI hI nhIN, kurbwnI dI rUh vI BrpUr hY[ ies dw mu`F vI 30 meI 1606 dy idn gurU Arjn swihb dI Shwdq nwl b`Jdw hY[ gurU Arjn swihb swaUQ-eySIAw jzIry dI qvwrI^ dy pihly ShId sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny pUry pirvwr dIAW kurbwnIAW dy ky Awn qy Swn dI izMdgI vwsqy jUJx qy kurbwn hox dw jo sbk id`qw auh A`j is`K-suBwA dw iek Aihm ih`sw hY[ is`K pMQ ny kurbwnI krn dI ies Bwvnw ƒ gurU swihb qoN mgroN vI keI vwr zwhrw kr ky ivKwieAw[ ATwrvIN sdI dy Cy-s`q dhwky jUJxw, is`KW qy AMgryzW dIAW lVweIAW, Zdr pwrtI, AkwlI lihr, gurU dw bwZ Aqy jYqo dy morcy, bbr AkwlI lihr, mulk dI AwzwdI dI j`dojihd ivc is`KW dw ih`sw, pMjwbI sUbw morcw, Drm Xu`D morcw, KwVkU lihr vZYrw gurU swihb v`loN is`KW nUM imlI jUJx Aqy kurbwnI dyx dI guVHqI dw hI nqIjw sn[

is`K-pMjwb ivc “BweIcwrk soc” gurU swihb dI hI dyx hY[ ies dI nINh gurU nwnk swihb dy ikrq krn qy vMf Ckx dy &ls&y ivc mOjUd hY[ gurU nwnk swihb dw hukm hY ik hr ie`k is`K AwpxI AKOqI-injI kmweI qy jwiedwd ƒ BweIcwry dI sWJI dOlq mMny[ ies ƒ kimaUinst &ls&y qoN v`KirAwauxw bVw zrUrI hY[ kimaUinst &ls&y ivc mulk dI swrI dOlq jbrI qOr ‟qy srkwrI bx jWdI hY[ pr is`K &ls&y ivc „vMf Ckxw‟ ToisAw nhIN igAw[ ieh AwpxI cox nwl hY[ hr is`K dw Dwrimk qy rUhwnI &rz hY ik auh Awpxy cOigrdy ivc loVvMdW dI mdd kry[ ieh v`KrI g`l hY ik A`j bhuq swry is`K ies &ls&y qoN auKV cuky hn pr gurU swihb dy vyly qoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qoN pihlW q`k is`KW ivc BweIcwrk sWJ eynI sI ik isKW ivc ZrIbI, Bu`K, QuV dw nW inSwn qk nhIN sI huMdw[ audoN AsIN gurU dy rsqy ‟qy cldy sI qy hux AsIN aus rsqy qoN bhuq dUr hW[ ^Yr g`l qW &ls&y dI kr irhw hW[ gurU nwnk swihb dw vMf Ckx dw &ls&w mgroN dsvyN pwiqSwh vyly q`k “dsvMD” dy nW hyT iek jmwq (ieMstIicaUSn) vjoN kwiem ho igAw sI[ gurU swihb vyly swry is`KW dw dsvMD gurU swihb dy drbwr ivc pu`jdw sI qy ies nwl aunHW dy q^q swihb qoN loVvMd is`KW dI mdd kIqI jwieAw krdI sI[ iesy rkm ivcoN QuV vwly qy hMgwmI hwlq vwly ielwikAW ivc mdd phuMcweI jwieAw krdI sI[ v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc kwl pYx jW iksy hor hMgwmI hwlq vyly mdd phuMcwaux, KUh lwaux, bwaulIAW bxwaux qy lMgr clwaux dw izkr is`K qwrI^ ‟c vwr-vwr AwauNdw hY[

ieM\ hI lMgr dI ieMstIicaUSn vI is`KW ivc BweIcwrk sWJ dI inSwnI hY[ lMgr ‟c ieko ijhw Kwxw, ieko qrIky nwl Ckx nwl, is`KW ivc iek Gr dy jIA hox dw Aihsws pYdw hoxw SurU ho igAw[ lMgr dw sbk is`K ny isr& lMgr hwl ivc hI nhIN Apxwauxw blik gurduAwrw kMplYks qoN bwhr, izMdZI ivc vI Aml ivc ilAwauxw sI[ mYN ieh dwAvw nhIN krdw ik hr is`K ivc ieh soc A`j vI hY pr G`to-G`t ATHwrvIN sdI dy A^Ir q`k ieh soc zrUr kwiem sI[ ieh dyx vI gurU swihb dI hI sI ik KqrI, AroVy, bRwhmx qy rwjpUq lok j`t, cmwr qy BMgI dy h`Q dI p`kI qy aus v`loN proeI hoeI rotI Kwx l`g pey[ gurU swihb ny CUq-Cwq dI soc ƒ is`K klcr ‟coN Kqm kr id`qw[ jy koeI is`K CUq-Cwq dI soc nwl ijaUNdw hY qW auh XkInn gurU swihb dI is`iKAw qoN kohW dUr hY[

dunIAW ivc syvw dI Bwvnw vI gurU swihb dI dyx hY[ is`K klcr ivc syvw krnw iek mwx vwlI g`l smJI jWdI hY[ nIvyN qoN nIvyN kMm vwlI syvw krnw, hr s`cw is`K Awpxw &rz smJdw hY[ gurduAwry ivc JwVU dyx, &rS sw& krn, lMgr dy jUTy BWfy mWjx vwsqy is`K iek dUjy koloN syvw Kohx dI koiSS krdy hn[ mgroN (mhwrwjw)  rxjIq  isMG  ny  is`KW  ivc  jgIrdwr  jmwq  pYdw  kr  ky  is`KI  ivc BweIcwrk brwbrqw GtweI[ ies nwl kOmI p`Dr ‟qy Awm is`KW ivc AKOqI-reIsW ivc is`KW dI Bwvnw kuJ h`d qk Gt geI[ pr ies dy bwvjUd kOmI p`Dr ‟qy Awm is`KW ivc syvw hmySw mwx vwlI g`l hY qy rhygI[ ieh soc ZYr-is`KW ivc jW qW iblkul mOjUd nhIN hY qy jy zrw-mwsw hY qW auh isr& is`KI &ls&y dy nUr qoN auDwr ley cwnx kr ky hI hY[

gurU swihb ny pMjwb ‟c myly mnwaux dy qrIky ƒ vI Asr-AMdwz kIqw[ gurU swihb vyly qk pMjwb dy AslI biSMdy isrP mOsmI iqauhwr bsMq qy ivswKI vZYrw qy vfyirAW dy idn idhwVy hI mnwauNdy sn[ kuJ ihMdU lok holI, ivswKI qy dIvwlI vI mnwauNdy sn[auN\ ieh iqauhwr rOlw, qmwSy, niSAW qy KrUd mcwaux qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN huMdy sn[ gurU swihb ny holI ƒ holw mh`lw bxw ky ies ƒ mwrSl pwhul id`qI, ivswKI ƒ rUhwnIAq dy mwhOl ivc rMg id`qw, mwGI ƒ Dwrimkqw dI pwn cVHweI[ ienHW iqauhwrW ƒ KyfW, kIrqn qy BweIcwrk sWJ ivc bdilAw[

gurU swihb ny pMjwbIAW ivc dil`dr ^qm krn vwsqy AMimRq vyly (svKqy) au~T ky, ieSnwn kr ky, sMgq nwl sWJ pwaux dw roznwmcw id`qw[ A`j is`KW ivc &urqI, qyzI, cusqI qy A`gy-A`gy pulWGW pu`tx dI jo soc hY auh iesy roznwmcy dw nqIjw hY[ A`j dy is`K swry glob ‟qy ihMmqI Aqy AgWh-vDU ienswnW vjoN jwxy jWdy hn qW ies ip`Cy is`KW ivcoN dil`dr dI jlwvqnI dw vI Aihm rol hY[ ieh vI gurU swihb dw is`K lokweI ƒ lwswnI qoh&w hY[

ieM\ hI is`KW ivc jmHW-p`KI soc vI gurU swihb dI hI dyx hY[ is`K vwsqy n&I soc, inMmoJUxqw, hwr vZYrw Epry i^Awl hn[ A`gy vDxw, auNmId r`Kxw, auswrU phuMc Apxwauxw is`K dw Kwsw hY[ ies Kwsy ƒ is`K bolW ivc “cVHdI klw” AwiKAw jWdw hY[ ies cVHdI klw ny is`KW ivc iek lwswnI rUp Dwr ilAw hY[ is`K dy Gr ivc b`cy dw jnm hovy, ivAwh SwdI hovy jW koeI cVHweI kr jwvy ies swrw kuJ vwsqy is`K pwT qy kIrqn krvwauNdw hY[ Xwin is`K vwsqy ^uSI-ZmI, Gwtw-n&w sB iek hn[ lokweI ƒ ieh dyx vI gurU swihb dI hI hY[

smu`cy qOr ‟qy ieh AwiKAw jw skdw hY ik gurU swihb ny is`KW ƒ AxK nwl jIxw, cVHdI klw, jmHW-p`KI soc, ikrq krnw, vMf Ckxw, dsvMD, syvw, lMgr, sMgq qy pMgq Xwin BweIcwrk sWJ, infrqw, inrvYrqw, sWJIvwlqw, zwq-pwq rihq smwj, bhwdrI, dlyrI, ^uddwrI, Swn nwl jIx dI hu`b, vwihgurU dw Bwxw mMnx Aqy srbq dw Blw mMgx dI jwc d`sI[ ieh v`KrI g`l hY ik dMBI is`K gurU swihb dI d`sI jIvn jwc qy Aml nhIN krdy[ auN\ gurU swihb nUM rihq ipAwrI hY is`K dw isr& bwhrI srUp nhIN ipAwrw[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gurU nwnk swihb

kib kl sujsu gwvau gur nwnk, rwju jogu ijin mwixE] (klshwr B`t)
scu nwmu krqwru su idRV nwnik sMgRihAau]…
Awip nwrwiex klw Dwir jg mih prvirXau ]
inrMkwir Awkwru joiq jg mMfl kriXau] (ShId kIrq B`t)
pRQmy nwnk cMdu jgq BXo AwnMd
qwrin mnuK´ jn kIAau pRgws] (nlH B`t)
gurU nwnku inkit bsY bnvwrI] (gXMd B`t)
siqguir nwnik Bgiq krI iek min, qnu mnu Dnu goibMd dIAau] (blH B`t)
nwnik nwmu inrMjn jwn´au, kInI Bgiq pRym ilv lweI] (ShId kIrq B`t)
gurU nwnk scu nIv swij siqgur sMig lIxw] (klH B`t)
nwau krqw kwdru kry ikau bolu hovY joKIvdY[
dy gunw siq BYx Brwv hY pwrMgiq dwnu pVIvdY[
nwnik rwju clwieAw scu koit sqwxI nIv dY[ (s`qw qy blvMf)
suxI pukwr dwqwr pRB gur nwnk jg mwih pTwieAw[
kiljug bwby qwirAw siqnwmu piV mMqR suxwieAw[
kil qwrx gurU nwnk AwieAw[

– – – – –
siqgur nwnk pRgitAw imtI DuMd jg cwnx hoieAw[ (BweI gurdws)

gurU nwnk swihb is`K Drm dy bwnI, rUhwnI dunIAW dy nvyN kwl (Xug) dy moFI, lwswnI i&lws&r qy ies nvyN Xug dy pihly hrkwry (messenger) sn[

gurU nwnk swihb iek AzIm S^sIAq sn[ ies nUM jy do l&zW ivc kihxw hovy qW ikhw jw skdw hY ik Awp iek “rUhwnI cuMbk” sn[ ijvyN cuMbk lohy dy hr iek kx nUM Awpxy v`l iK`c lYNdw hY, auvyN hI gurU nwnk swihb hr ienswn nUM AwpxI is`iKAw nwl is`K bxw lYNdy sn[ gurU swihb ny v`fy-v`fy Awlm-&wzl (ivdvwn) lok, rwjy-mhwrwjy, jgIrdwr, cODrI, AmIr qy Swh, imhnqkS qy &kIr AwpxI rUhwnI S^sIAq nwl Awpxy swQI bxw ley sn [ BwvyN gurU swihb ny iksy nUM vI is`K bxn vwsqy nhIN ikhw pr jo vI S^s gurU swihb nUM imilAw auh sdw vwsqy gurU jI dw is`K bx igAw[ ienHW audwsIAW dOrwn gurU swihb nUM bhuq swry Bgq kvI vI imly[ (Awp ny aunHW dIAW rcnwvW ivcoN kuJ kU nUM Awpxy kol sMBwl ilAw qy mgroN ienHW nUM Awpxy vwirs gurU nUM sONp id`qw[ 1604 ivc gurU Arjn swihb ny ienHW nUM gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Swiml kIqw)[

gurU swihb dunIAW dy sB qoN v`fy Dwrimk prcwrk sn[aunHW ny 40-50 hzwr iklomItr pYdl cl ky keI mulkW dw dOrw kIqw Aqy sYNkVy ngrW Aqy hzwrW lokW nUM rUhwnIAq dw sbk id`qw[ aunHW ny lokW dI smwijk qy Dwrimk izMdgI bdl id`qI[

gurU nwnk swihb pMjwb dy pihly qwrI^dwn (ihstorIAn) sn[ aunHW dIAW rcnwvW bwbr dy hmly sbMDI Sbd, „Awsw dI vwr‟, „is`D goSit‟ vZYrw aus zmwny dI kImqI qvwrI^ hn[ qvwrI^ dI AijhI kmwl dI jwxkwrI qy ibAwn aunHW qoN bwAd dy lyKkW ivc vI nhIN imldI[

gurU swihb ny „sicAwr‟ dI izMdgI ijaUx (ikrq krnw, vMf Ckxw, nwm jpxw) dw sbk idqw[ hr ienswn nUM ikrq kmweI dI, h`k-hlwl dI, eImwndwrI dI, kmweI krnI cwhIdI hY[ hr ienswn dw &rz hY ik auh AwpxI kmweI ivcoN kuJ ih`sw k`F ky lokweI dy Bly vwsqy Krc kry Aqy loVvMdW, Aqy mjbUr qy lwcwr lokW dI mdd kry[ Xwin aunHW ny hr is`K nUM smwj dw &wiedy vwlw, jmHw vwlw (positive) ih`sw bxwieAw[ aunHW AwiKAw ik hr iek ienswn dw &rz hY ik auh lokweI dy Bly ivc Awpxw vD qoN vD ih`sw pwvy[ aunHW ikhw ik hr ienswn nUM ikrq krn qy vMf Ckx dy nwl-nwl r`b dw nW vI jpxw cwhIdw hY (aus nUM hr vyly Xwd rKxw cwhIdw hY)[ r`b dw nW jpx dw mqlb hr vyly „AlHw-AlHw‟ (jW vwihgurU-vwihgurU) khI jwxw nhIN blik r`b nUM hr QW hwzr-nwzr jwx ky, aus dy inrml-Bau ivc rih ky izMdgI ijaUxI cwhIdI hY[ aunHW ikhw ik r`b dy „Bau‟ (piv`qr/ AdbI fr) iv`coN hI „Bwau‟ (ipAwr) pYdw huMdw hY[ iehI r`b dI Asl BgqI hY[ aunHW ikhw ik ienswn nUM dunIAW qoN nhIN blik mwieAw qoN (dunIAW dI moh mwieAw dI pkV qoN) idlgIr hox dI loV hY[ ieh ieM\ hI hY ijvyN kml dw &u`l ic`kV ivc pYdw huMdw qy swrw smW aus ivc hI rihMdw hY, pr auh ic`kV ivc ilbVdw nhIN, Xwin aus dy Asr qoN bicAw rihMdw hY[

gurU nwnk swihb ny ikhw ik r`b „inrMkwr‟ hY[ aus dw koeI rMg, rUp, Skl nhIN hY[ ies kr ky aus dI koeI mUrqI jW bu`q vI nhIN ho skdw)[ auh kdy vI ienswnI rUp ivc nhIN AwauNdw[ gurU nwnk swihb ny ikhw ik sB jo kuJ nzrIN AwauNdw hY, auh Akwl purK dw hI rUp hY qy ieM\ Akwl purK swrI dunIAW ivc

„rimAw‟ (smwieAw) hoieAw hY[ AsIN r`b ƒ aus dI kudrq ivcoN vyK skdy hW[ aus dI pYdw kIqI dunIAW ‟qy AsIN ivsmwd (^uSI-BrI-hYrwnI) zwihr kr skdy hW[ aus dI kudrq iv`coN AsIN aus dI mhwnqw, qwkq qy hsqI dw Aihsws kr skdy hW; pr, Akwl purK dw koeI iek Kws rUp iKAwlI qOr qy bxwauxw jW koeI Kws jgHw ausdw itkwxw mMn lYxw srwsr glq hY[ swrI dunIAW, swrI kwienwq ausy dy hukm ivc cl rhI hY[

aunHW disAw ik Akwl purK hr ienswn nUM ie`ko ijhw ipAwr krdw hY[ aus dI ingh ivc koeI „Cotw‟ jw „v`fw‟ nhIN hY[ aus vwsqy koeI „cuxy hoey‟ jW „r`d kIqy hoey‟ lok nhIN sn[ r`b swirAW ‟qy ie`ko ijhI ndr rKdw hY[ aus dI ikrpw, imhr, b^SIS, aus dw pRswid hr iek vwsqy ie`ko ijhw hY[ aus dw iensw& hr iek vwsqy ie`ko ijhw hY[ pr ijnHW kol dieAw, ipAwr, nykI, ienswnIAq nhIN huMdI qy jo ^ud n&rq vMfdy hn auh r`b dI b^iSS qoN vWJy rih jWdy hn[ pr, Aijhy S^s vI, muV r`b dy rsqy ‟qy cl ky, aus dI b^iSS hwisl kr skdy hn[ dunIAW ivc jo vI vwpr irhw hY sB aus dy hukm, aus dI rzw qy aus dy Bwxy ivc hY[ ienswn nUM r`b dy Bwxy ivc rihxw cwhIdw hY[ aus nUM pqw hY ik aus ny iks nUM kIh, ikauN, ikMnw, kdoN qy ikvyN dyxw hY[ r`b nwl iSkvw-iSkwieq krnw aus dw Bwxw nw mMnxw hY[

aunHW AwiKAw ik hr ienswn ivc Akwl purK dI joiq hY, AsIN swry aus dy b`cy hW (Fatherhood of God and Brotherhood of Man)[ ieM\ AsIN swry iek dUjy dy BYx-Brw hW[ Akwl purK nUM sB dw ipqw mMnx vwlw S^s iksy vI ienswn nwl n&rq, ivqkrw jW vKryvW nhIN kr skdw hY! hr ienswn ivc Akwl purK dI joiq hY qy iksy vI ienswn nwl n&rq krn vwlw Akwl purK (dI joiq dy aus ih`sy) nwl n&rq krdw hY[ Aijhw S^s rUhwnIAq qoN korw hY, Akwl purK dy hukm qoN Axjwx hY jW dMBI qy pwKMfI hY[ aunHW is`K pMQ nUM iek „BweIcwrw‟, iek pirvwr vjoN kwiem kIqw sI[

gurU nwnk swihb AOrq nUM mrd qoN nIvW drjw dyx nUM vI ZYr-rUhwnI soc AwKdy hn[ ijhVI AOrq rwijAW qy mhwn rUhwnI hsqIAW nUM jnm dyNdI hY, auh mwVI ikM\ ho skdI hY? iPr auh vI qW r`b dI pYdw kIqI hoeI hY[ r`b dI iksy vI rcnw nUM mwVw nhIN ikhw jw skdw[

gurU nwnk swihb ny rUhwnIAq Aqy syvw nUM iek dUjy dw pUrk bxwieAw[ aunHW ikhw ik smwj syvw qoN ibnW Drm ADUrw hY Aqy lokweI dy Bly qoN ibnW rUhwnIAq PokI hY[ aunHW ny sMgq dy rUp ivc Drm nUMM BweIcwrk rUhwnIAq (social spiritualism) bxwieAw[

gurU nwnk swihb ny lokweI nUM „ienswnIAq dI pwhul vwlI rUhwnIAq‟ dw sbk idqw[ aunHW ny Drm qy rUhwnIAq nUM AKOqI sMinAws lY ky jMglW, aujwVW qy phwVW ivc luk ky, dunIAW qoN B`j ky, ijsm nUM duK dy ky, AKOqI qp`isAw krn dy Brm qoN Awzwd kIqw[ aunHW ikhw ik ienswn iek Awm gRihsqI vjoN izMdgI ijaUNidAW hI iek rUhwnI hsqI ho skdw hY[ aunHW ikhw ik gRihsq rUhwnIAq dy rwh ivc roVw nhIN blik ies dy rsqy ivc mddgwr huMdw hY[

gurU swihb gRihsq Drm nUM ienswn vwsqy sB qoN cMgw rsqw kihMdy hn[ ies dunIAW ivc rihx vwly ienswn dIAW kuJ buinAwdI ijsmwnI loVW vI hn[ gurU swihb ienswn dI izMdgI dy ies pihlU nUM r`d nhIN krdy[ auh kihMdy hn ik ienswn nUM moh mwieAw C`fxI cwhIdI hY, dunIAW nhIN[ ienswn nUM ies dunIAW dI pkV qoN Awzwd rihxw cwhIdw hY nw ik dunIAWdwrI hI C`f dyxI cwhIdI hY[ dunIAW iqAwgxw qW mYdwn ‟coN dOVn vwlI g`l hY[ dUjw, dunIAW iqAwg ky Pyr gRihsqIAW qoN hI buinAwdI zrUrqW vwsqy mdd mMgxI pYNdI hY, so ieh qW iek iksm dw dMB hI hY[ qIjw, iqAwg mgroN prcwr krn vwsqy krm-Kyqr vI qW gRihsqI lok hI hn qy aunHW ivc hI s`c dy rsqy dw prcwr krnw huMdw hY[ ies kr ky sB qoN vDIAw rsqw qW gRihsq dw rsqw hI hY[ ienswn qW hsdy-Kyfdy, KWdy-pINdy ies dunIAW dy frwauxy-idsdy smuMdr nUM qYr ky pwr kr jWdw hY[ Aijhy gRihsqI nUM dunIAW frwauxI nhIN blik suKwlI (sihj) idsdI hY[

gurU swihb dw sbk hY ik ienswn ny mukqI iesy izMdgI ivc hwisl krnI hY[ is`K &ls&y muqwibk Awpxy Awp nUM kwm, kroD, loB, moh, hMkwr qy haumY qoN bcwA lYxw hI mukqI hY[ mukqI koeI mrn ip`CoN hwisl krn vwlI SYA nhIN hY[ mrn mgroN hwisl hox vwlI qW AKOqI mukqI hY (aus ihswb nwl qW „mOq‟ hI mukqI hY)[ Asl mukqI qW „jIvn-mukqI‟ hY jo ienswn ijaUNidAW jIA hwisl kr skdw hY[ ienswn pMj q`qW (hvw, pwxI, A`g, im`tI qy AwkwS, Xwin Gas, Liquid, Heat, Solid & Space) dw bixAw vjUd hY[ mrn ip`CoN ieh q`q Awpxy mUl ivc smwA jWdy hn[ mOq ienswn dw A^Ir hY[ ies ip`CoN ienswnI hsqI dw koeI vjUd nhIN rihMdw[ iesy jnm ivc hI ienswn ny au~cIAW bulMdIAW CuhxIAW hn[

ienswn ny svrg qy nrk iesy jnm ivc hMfwauxy hn[ jd AsIN r`b dy hukm ivc cldy hW qW ieh svrg ivc rihxw hY qy jd AsI r`b qoN dUr hW qy pwp dI izMdZI ibqwauNdy hW qW ieh nrk huMdw hY[ ies swry rwz nUM smJ lYxw hI “mukqI” hY[ bRwhmxW dI AKOqI mukqI qy ies dI ^wihS nUM iek is`K “bpurI” (ivcwrI) AwK ky r`d krdw hY[ gurU swihb ny ieh vI ikhw ik ies Asl mukqI nUM hwisl krn dw h`k hr iek dw brwbr dw hY[ ieh h`k isr& AKOqI au~cI zwq vwilAW dw jW isr& mrdW dw hI nhIN hY[ ieh isr& pVHy iliKAW dw jW idKwvy dI AKOqI BgqI krn vwilAW jW AKOqI qp krn vwilAW dw h`k nhIN hY[ AijhI AKOqI BgqI qy qp drAsl isr& krm kWf hI hn[

aunHW ny ienswn nUM swdI izMdgI ijaUx dw sbk idqw[ aunHW ikhw ik bMdw AwpxIAW ^wihSW vDwauNdw-vDwauNdw ies mwieAw-jwl ivc Ps jWdw hY qy iPr vDdIAW ^wihSW dI pUrqI vwsqy pwp krdw hY[ ienswn nUM qW „AMn pwxI QoVHw‟ Kwx dI soc nUM Apxwauxw cwhIdw hY[ ienswn nUM ies &wnI dunIAW rUpI srW ivc iek muswi&r dy qOr ‟qy ivcrnw cwhIdw hY Aqy ies dunIAW dI pkV qoN Awzwd rihxw cwhIdw hY[

gurU swihb ny krm kWf qy Dwrimk idKwvy nUM pwKMf d`isAw[ aunHW ikhw ik cMgw ienswn bxnw hI Asl Drm hY[ Drm ivc s`c, ipAwr, ienswnIAq, iensw&, swdw jIvn, lok syvw, ivkwrW qoN bcxw, mn dIAW ^wihSW ‟qy kwbU pwauxw (mn nUM ij`qxw) hI Asl krm qy BgqI hn[ idKwvy dw nwm-rtx, X`g, hvn, pUjw sB &zUl dy krm-kWf qy pwKMf hn[ ieh iksy vI qrHW dI BgqI nhIN hn qy ienHW dw zrw-mwsw vI &wiedw nhIN[

gurU swihb ny disAw ik Drm iek rsqw hY, A^Ir nhIN[ ijs rsqy ‟qy tuirAW ienswn „r`bI zwbqy‟ ivc rihMdw hY, Blw ienswn bxdw hY, dunIAW ‟coN dil`dr, duK qy muSiklW nUM dUr krn ivc mddgwr huMdw hY, auhI rsqw TIk hY, BwvyN auh koeI vI rsqw hovy[ iek muslmwn s`cw ieslwm jIA ky, iek bRwhmx r`b dy rsqy ‟qy tur ky, qy iek is`K vwihgurU dy Bwxy ivc rih ky „prm-mnu`K‟ (s`cw ienswn qy sicAwr) bx skdw hY[ iehI ijaUNidAW hwisl hox vwlI „Asl mukqI„ hY[ iehI „sdIvI AnMd‟ hY[ iehI „sihj‟ hY[

gurU swihb muqwibk r`b isr& qy isr& muh`bq dw somw hY[ aus dy Gr ivc n&rq jW vKryvW nhIN hY[ aus dy Gr ivc koeI au~cw jW nIvWnhINhYauhvwihgurU iksy nUM vDyry ipAwr jW iksy nUM n&rq nhIN krdw[ swryausdy Awpxy pu`qr hn[ hr iek nUM aus ny AwpxI joiq ivcoN pYdw kIqw hY[ aus dw slUk hr iek S^s nwl ieko ijhw hY[ ieh swfI ihMmq hY ik AsIN Awpxy Awp nUM aus dI imhr hwisl krn vwsqy ikMny kU kwibl bx skdy hW[ gurbwxI qW r`b dy ies ipAwr dw pYZwm hY[ gurbwxI dy hr l&z ivc r`b dy ipAwr nUM v`K-v`K qrIky nwl pyS kIqw hoieAw hY[

gurU nwnk swihb ny r`b, mukqI, Drm, BgqI, ienswn dI izMdgI dy mksd, rwjw, pwiqSwh vZYrw dy nvyN mwAny d`sy [ aunHW iek Aijhy Drm dI nINh r`KI jo ienswn nUM pUrnqw b^Sdw hY[ gurU swihb ny ienswn nUM AxK nwl jIx dw pYZwm idqw[ byZYrq S^s dI izMdgI nUM aunHW „hrwm‟ AwiKAw[

gurU nwnk swihb pihly S^s sn ijnHW ny DrqI dI rcnw, ies bRihmMf dI byAMqqw bwry AjokI swieMs qoN vI AglyrIAW g`lW pyS kIqIAW sn[ Aj jo kuJ swieMs mMn rhI hY aus dw kuJ ih`sw gurU nwnk sihb dI bwxI ivc pihloN hI mOjUd hY[

gurU nwnk swihb pihly rUhwnI qwrI^dwn, swieMsdwn, isAwsI i&lws&r, rUhwnI smwj-ivigAwnI qy mnoivigAwnI sn[ dunIAW ‟qy AijhI lwswnI hsqI nw pihloN hoeI sI qy nw hI aunHW qoN mgroN nzr AwauNdI hY[

prvwrk ipCokV
gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm bydI-KyqrI pirvwr ivc hoieAw sI[ (mgroN iksy bRwhmx ilKwrI ny gurU nwnk swihb nUM kwlpink rwjy „rwm‟ qy aus dI AOlwd lv–kuS dy vwirs idKwaux dI swizS hyT „bicqr nwtk‟ nW dI rcnw ivc iek cYptr joV id`qw)[ bydI Kwndwn dw kursInwmw keI puSqW dw iml jWdw hY[ gurU nwnk swihb dy ipqw bwbw kilAwx dws sn[ bwbw kilAwx dws dy ipqw iSv nwrwiex sn[ bwbw iSv nwrwiex dy ipqw bwbw rwm nwrwiex sn[ gurU nwnk swihb dy dwdw bwbw iSv nwrwiex dw jnm 1418 ivc hoieAw sI[ bwbw iSv nwrwiex dw iek hor Brw bwbw swnpq vI sI[ bwbw iSv nrwiex dI SwdI mwqw bnwrsI nwl 1431 ivc hoeI sI[ aunHW dy Gr AkqUbr 1440 ivc kilAwn dws Aqy 1443 ivc lwl cMd dw jnm hoieAw[ aunHW idnHW ivc ieh prvwr ipMf p`TyivMf (izlw AMimRqsr) ivc rihMdw sI[ p`Ty ivMf dI zmIn ivc hI ksbw fyhrw bwbw nwnk visAw hoieAw hY[

jdoN kilAwx dws jvwn hoey qW rozgwr dy islisly ivc auh rwey Boie dI qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw* swihb) Aw gey[ kilAwx dws dI SwdI 1461 ivc ipMf cwhl (izlw lwhOr) dy vwsI BweI rwmw dI bytI (mwqw) iqRpqw nwl hoeI[ mwqw iqRpqw ny 1464 ivc (byby) nwnkI Aqy 1469 ivc (gurU) nwnk (swihb)** ƒ jnm idqw[ gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm 20 AkqUbr 1469 dy idn hoieAw sI (gurU kIAW swKIAW, swKI 24)[ gurU nwnk swihb dy jnm bwry iek hor qwrIK 15 AprYl 1469*** vI ilKI jWdI hY[ ieh BulyKw jnm swKIAW ivc vK-vK qrI^W imlx kr ky hoieAw hovygw[ ivswK (AprYl) vwlI Zlq qwrI^ sB qoN pihlW ipRQI cMd mIxw dy puqr imhrbwn ny ilKI sI[ auh is`K ihstrI ivgwVn vwlw pihlw is`K doKI sI[ dUjw, ihMdUAW ivc ieh Brm hY ik kqk mhIny ivc jMimAw b`cw nihS huMdw hY[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ihMdU lyKkW ny is`KW nUM ies vihm (sUqk) dw fr pw ky ivswK dy jnm dw pRcwr kIqw sI, jo Boly is`KW ny cupcwp mMn ilAw[

(*keI ilKwrI nwnkwxw nUM nnkwxw ilKdy hn, jo ik Zlq hY; gurU jI dw nW nwnk sI nw ik nnk[ ** keI ilKwrI gurU nwnk swihb dy nW nwl “dyv” ilKdy hn jo Zlq hY[ ies sbMDI lyK pVHo, iesy ikqwb ivc, gurU nwnk swihb dI jIvnI dy A^Ir ivc)[

(***krm isMG ihstorIAn ny gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm kqk dI bjwie ivswK mMinAw sI[ drAsl aus ny hMdwlIAw v`loN ilKvweI „bwly vwlI jnmswKI‟ nUM r`d kIqw sI qy isr& iesy kr ky hI aus ny k`qk nUM vI r`d kr id`qw sI ikauNik aus jnmswKI ivc gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm k`qk dw iliKAw hoieAw sI[ krm isMG jI ieh nw smJ sky ik ivswK ivc gurU swihb dy jnm dw pRcwr mIixAW dy AwgU imhrbwn ny kIqw sI)[

gurU swihb dw bcpx
jdoN gurU nwnk swihb do kU h&iqAW dy hoey qW Awp dw nW nwnk riKAw igAw[ iqMn cwr swl dI aumr ivc Awp, swQIAW nwl Kyfdy-Kyfdy, iksy jgHw bYT ky, ilv lw ky, soc-aufwrI ivc msq ho ky r`bI icMqn qy sihj ivc irhw krdy sn qy Awp dy Gr vwly swQI Awp ƒ lBdy rih jWdy sn[

pMj swl dI aum ivc Awp isAwixAW, Awlm qy Dwrimk bMidAW dI sMgq ivc bYTx lg pey[ Awp ielm vwlIAW, isAwxIAW Aqy rUhwnI g`lW bVI ghu qy rIJ nwl suixAw krdy sn[ Awp Aksr Aijhy svwl kirAw krdy sn ijnHW ƒ sux ky isAwxy-isAwxy bMdy vI hYrwn ho jwieAw krdy sn[ Awp vwihgurU, kudrq, rUhwnIAq Aqy jIvn-jwc dIAW bhuq fUMGIAW g`lW kirAw krdy sn[ Awp dIAW g`lW sux ky ipMf dy isAwxy AwKx lg pey sn ik Awp koeI Azmq vwly rUhwnI S^s hn[ Awp dI lwswnI sUJ, qwkq qy rUhwnIAq dIAW ^brW ipMf qlvMfI dy moFI rwie Boie dy pu`qr rwie bulwr qk vI pu`jIAW[ auh vI gurU nwnk swihb dw murId bx igAw[

1476 ivc gurU nwnk swihb ƒ pWDy kol pVHn ByijAw igAw[ Awp ny pMfq gopwl pwso is`Dm BwKw (pMjwbI bolI dI il`pI ƒ audoN isDo|wieAw kihMdy sn) is`KI[ do swl ip`CoN pMfq ibRj nwQ pwsoN sMsikRq pVHI[ 13 swl dI aumr ivc Awp ny mOlvI kuqbdIn qoN &wrsI zbwn vI is`K leI nwl nwl hI Awp ny ihswb-ikqwb dI pVHweI vI kIqI[ Awp ny i&lws&I dIAW qy hor bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW vI pVHIAW[ 14 swl dI aumr ivc Awp aus vyly dy sB qoN v`D pVyH ilKy nOjvwn sn[

jnyaU pwaux qoN nWh
ies dOrwn jdoN Awp 9 swl dy hoey sn, qW Awp dy mwqw ipqw ny ielwky dI cwlU bRwhmxI krm-kWf muqwibk Awp dy gl jnyaU pwaux vwsqy pMfq hridAwl ƒ s`idAw[ jdoN pWfy (puroihq) hridAwl Dwgy ƒ v`t ky, Awp dy gl ivc jnyaU pwaux l`gw qW Awp ny pu`iCAw ik kI jnyaU swrI aumr nwl cldw hY? kI ieh kdy vI tu`tdw nhIN ? kI ieh ienswn ƒ bury kMm krn qoN rokdw hY? gurU swihb ny jnyaU pwaux qoN nWh kridAW ikhw ik aunHW ƒ isr& auh jnyaU pwieAw jwey jo sMjm isKwey, jo mwVy iKAwlW qoN roky, jo Bly kMmW vl tory, jo ienswnIAq Aqy rUhwnIAq isKwey[ gurU swihb dy ivcwr sux ky pMfq cup ho igAw[ A^Ir puroihq hridAwl ny gurU jI nUM ikhw ik ieh jnyaU pwey ibnw koeI vI S^s „ihMdU‟ nhIN AKvw skdw[ ies ‟qy gurU jI ny ikhw ik „mYN ihMdU nhIN bxnw cwhuMdw[‟ ieh sux ky gurU swihb dy mwipAW ny jnyaU pwaux dw iKAwl C`f idqw[ jnyaU bwry gurU swihb dw iek slok gurUU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 471 ‟qy imldw hY:

dieAw kpwh sMqoKu sUqu jqu gMFI squ vtu ] eyhu jnyaU jIA kw heI q pwfy Gqu ] nw eyhu qutY n mlu lgY nw eyhu jlY n jwie ] DMnu su mwxs nwnkw jo gil cly pwie ] caukiV muil AxwieAw bih caukY pwieAw ] isKw kMin cVweIAw gurU bRwhmxu iQAw ] Ehu muAw Ehu JiV pieAw vyqgw gieAw] lK corIAw lK jwrIAw lK kUVIAw lK gwil ] lK TgIAw pihnwmIAw rwiq idnsu jIA nwil ] qgu kpwhhu kqIAY bwm@xu vty Awie] kuih bkrw irMin@ KwieAw sBu ko AwKY pwie ] hoie purwxw sutIAY BI iPir pweIAY horu ] nwnk qgu n quteI jy qig hovY joru ]2]

gurU swihb dy bcpn bwry iek swKI mShUr hY ik iek vwrI Awp m`JW cwr rhy sn qW aunHW nUM m`JW cwridAW nUM nINd Aw geI jW auh Awpxy iKAwlW ivc msq ho ky m`JW nUM Bu`l gey qy aunHW (m`JW) ny iksy dy Kyq dw nukswn kr idqw qy mgroN Awp ny KyqI muV hrI kr idqI[ jy ies khwxI nUM mMn leIey qW ieh swibq hovygw ik (1) gurU nwnk swihb iek ZYr-izMmydwr ienswn sn qy (2) aunHW ny krwmwq nwl KyqI hrI kr id`qI (is`K Drm muqwibk krwmwq koeI nhIN huMdI)[ dovyN g`lW gurU swihb dI isiKAw dy ault hn[ ies kr ky ieh swKI JUTI hY[

Awp dy bcpx bwry AijhI hI iek hor swKI vI mShUr hY ik iek vwr gurU swihb fMgrW ƒ crdw C`f ky iek dr^q dI CW hyT lyty-lyty sON gey[ jdoN gurU nwnk swihb dy ichry qoN CW Fl geI qy Du`p pYx lg peI qW iek v`fw &nIAr s`p au~Qy AwieAw Aqy Awpxw &n PYlw ky gurU swihb dy ichry qy CW kr idqI[ pr jd lok nyVy Awey qW s`p au~ˆQoN clw igAw[ fMgr cwrn Aqy s`p dI CW jW s`pW v`loN r`iKAw krn vwlIAW swKIAW hor Dwrimk AwgUAW bwry vI imldIAW hn[ ho skdw hY ik ieh swKIAW gurU swihb dI Azmq ivKwaux vwsqy mgroN joV idqIAW geIAW hox[ auN\ ieh swKIAW iksy vI sUrq ivc TIk nhIN hn ikauN ik bwbw kilAwx cMd vrgy AmIr bMdy v`loN ieko-ieko pu`qr ƒ in`kI aumr ivc pVHweI kridAW fMgr cwrn vwsqy nhIN ByijAw jw skdw[ ieh qW mMinAw jw skdw hY ik Awp nOkrW dI ingrwnI krn vwsqy ipCy KyqW v`l gey hox[

jdoN gurU nwnk swihb 16 swl dy hoey qW Awp dI kuVmweI ipMf p`Koky rMDwvw dy rihx vwly BweI mUl cMd cOxw dI DI sul`KxI nwl hoeI[ Awp dw ivAwh 24 sqMbr 1487 dy idn btwlw ivc hoieAw[ Awp dy Gr 10 Agsq 1494 dy idn sRIcMd Aqy 13 PrvrI 1497 dy idn lKmI dws (do byty) pYdw hoey[

s`cw sOdw dw s`co s`c
gurU nwnk swihb bwry pRclq iek swKI muqwibk, iek vwr Awp dy ipqw ny Awp ƒ vpwr ivc lwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI[ ies swKI muqwibk Awp dy ipqw ny Awp ƒ 20 rupey dy ky vpwr SurU krvw idqw[ swKI muqwibk gurU swihb ny auh 20 rupey Bu`Ky swDUAW nUM rotI KuAwaux ‟qy Krc kr id`qy[ ieh khwxI shI nhIN ho skdI ikauN ik aunHW idnW ivc 20 rupeIAW nwl kuJ ku swDU nhIN blik hzwrW bMdy rotI Kw skdy sn; dUjw, gurU swihb ivhlVW vwsqy pYsy ^rc krn dw &ls&w nhIN sn prcwr skdy[

hW ieh qW ho skdw hY ik Awp AwpxI kwmeI dy dsvMD ƒ drvySW Aqy ivdvwnW ƒ Kwxw KuAwaux ‟qy ^rc krdy rihMdy hoxgy ikauN ik auh Awlm-&wzlW nwl Aksr aunHW nwl &ls&y dy nukiqAW ‟qy ivcwrW krdy rihMdy sn[ gurU swihbwn ny AwpxI Awmdn dy dsvMD coN keI vwr aunHW ƒ rotI KuAweI hovygI Aqy aunHW nwl Drm qy &ls&y dI crcw kIqI hovygI[

ieh swKI imhrbwn vwlI jnmswKI, BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwx vwlI (drAsl srUp isMG inrmlw dI ilKI) qy ivlwieq vwlI jnmswKI jW iksy vI purwxy somy ivc nhIN hY[ ieh swKI isr& bwly vwlI jnmswKI ivc imldI hY qy ies ivc gurU jI nUM AwpxI gVvI Aqy muMdrI dwn krdy vI idKwieAw igAw hY[

Asl swKI ieh hY: jd gurU nwnk swihb Awpxy iek purwxy swQI dy s`dy „qy cUhVkwxw (nwnkwxw qoN 62 iklomItr dUr; hux ies nUM &rU^wbwd vI kihMdy hn) gey auh sulqwnpur loDI ivc dOlq rwey dy modIKwny ivc gurU swihb nwl syvw kirAw krdw sI[ auh gurU swihb nUM iml ky bVw ^uS hoieAw[ dovyN hI sulqwnpur ‟c ibqwey idnW Aqy auQoN dy swQIAW bwry g~lW krdy rhy[ g`lW hI g`lW ivc aus ny gurU swihb nUM pu~iCAw ik jdoN koeI vpwrI GroN inkldw hY Aqy kmweI kr ky Gr muVdw hY qW auh Awpxy s~jxW nUM dsdw hY ik aus ny ikM\, ik`QoN qy kI-kI mwl KrIidAw Aqy aus ivcoN ikM\ qy aus nUM ies sOdy ivcoN ikMnw munw&w hoieAw[ aus ny gurU swihb qoN puiCAw ik “gurU swihb quhwfw dunIAW ivc eynw nW hY[ qusIN ikhVw vpwr qy sOdw kIqw ijs nwl qusIN eynI mihmw K`tI hY?” gurU swihb ny aus nUM d~isAw ik “myrw vxj qW vwihgurU nwl ipAwr sI qy vwihgurU dI imhr nwl hI myrI pCwx hY[ myrw Awpxw nW qW kuJ vI nhIN[ vwihgurU dw nW jpxw hI Asl vpwr hY qy iehI „s`cw sOdw‟ hY[ „sicAwr‟ dI izMdgI jIxw hI ienswn dI izMdgI dw Asl mksd hY[” ijs jgh gurU nwnk swihb ny ieh “s`cw sOdw” kIqw sI (jW vpwr krdy huMdy sn) au~Qy Aj klH gurduAwrw s`cw sOdw” bixAw hoieAw hY[

vpwr kridAW gurU nwnk swihb hmySw rUhwnI soc ivc msq irhw krdy sn[ iek idn Awp dy ipqw ny soicAw ik Swied Awp ƒ koeI rog lg igAw hY ies qy auh iek vYd ƒ bulw ilAweyy[ gurU nwnk swihb ny vYd ƒ AwpxI nbz vyKx qW idqI pr nwl hI &ls&y dIAW g`lW kr ky vYd nwl rUhwnI nukiqAW dI crcw vI kIqI[ gurU nwnk swihb dIAW g`lW sux ky vYd ny gurU swihb dy ipqw ƒ AwiKAw ik gurU swihb ƒ koeI rog nhIN blik auh qW iek Azmq vwlI S^sIAq hn[

sulqwnpur ivc modI lwieAw jwxw
gurU nwnk swihb ipCly qkrIbn 16-17 swl qoN vpwr kr rhy sn Aqy auh swry pwsy iek cMgy qjrbykwr vpwrI, eImwndwr ienswn, Bly bMdy Aqy rUhwnI hsqI dy qOr qy jwxy jwx lg pey sn[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ies dI soA (^br) sulqwnpur (loDI) dy hwkm dIvwn dOlq ^wn loDI qk vI pu`jI hovygI[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik gurU nwnk swihb dy Bxv`eIey BweI jY rwm (jo ^ud dOlq ^wn dw iek sInIAr A&sr sI) ny hI gurU nwnk swihb dIAW is&qW dsIAW hox[ aunHIN idnIN dOlq ^wn ƒ Awpxy modI^wny vwsqy iek eImwndwr, imhnqI Aqy sUJvwn modI dI loV sI[ aus ny BweI jY rwm rwhIN gurU nwnk swihb ƒ ieh Ahudw kbUl krn vwsqy s`dw ByijAw[ pihlW qW gurU nwnk swihb ny mnzUr nw kIqw pr byby nwnkI Aqy hor bhuq swirAW v`loN vwr-vwr zor pwaux qy aunHW ny ieh Ahudw kbUl krnw mnzUr kr ilAw[ Awp 35 swl dI aumr ivc, AkqUbr 1504 dy A^Ir ivc, sulqwnpur gey qy modIKwny dw cwrj sMBwl ilAw (modI dw Ahudw bhuq v`fw qy Aihm Ahudw sI[ kuJ smyN bwAd Awp AwpxI pqnI qy b`icAW nUM vI sulqwnpur lY Awey[

Awp dI qbIAq bcpn qoN hI idAwndwrI BrI, dwinSmMdI vwlI, &kIrwnw Aqy ienswnI hmdrdI vwlI sI[ ies kr ky Awp modI Kwny dI syvw dOrwn, ZrIbW, loVvMdW Aqy kmzorW dI bVI mdd kirAw krdy sn[ Awp hmySw AwpxI Awmdn dw dsvMD k`iFAw krdy sn Aqy aus ƒ zrUrqmMd lokW ‟qy ^rc kr idAw krdy sn[ kdy-kdy qW auh dsvMD qoN vI vDyry Krc kr dyNdy sn[ ivhl dy smyN vyly ivc Awp lokW ƒ Dwrimk Aqy rUhwnI ielm vI idAw krdy sn[ dUr-dUr qoN Bgq, sU&I, Awlm-&wzl lok, ivcwrW krn vwsqy, gurU swihb kol Awaux lg pey[ modI hox kr ky Awp kol sulqwnpur irAwsq dy sYNkVy ipMfW dy cODrI, nMbrdwr qy jgIrdwr vI mwlIAw jmHw krvwaux AwauNdy huMdy sn[ ienHW nwl vI gurU swihb Drm, rUhwnIAq qy ienswnIAq bwry g`lW krdy rihMdy sn[ ieh swry gurU nwnk swihb dy murId bx cuky sn[ ieh cODrI srkwrI kMm qoN ibnw vI sulqwnpur Aw ky keI-keI idn gurU swihb kol irhw krdy sn[ hr roz byeIN ndI dy kMFy (ij`Qy Aj klH gurduAwrw byr swihb hY) Awp dIvwn sjwieAw krdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb dw glw bVw surIlw sI[ Awp kIrqn bhuq vDIAw krdy sn[ hOlI-hOlI sulqwnpur ivc bhuq swry srkwrI Aihlkwr, cODrI, Awlm-&wzl, &kIr, ikswn Aqy dUjy lok Awp dy murId bx gey[ ies qoN ielwvw Awly duAwly ‟coN vI bhuq swry lok Awp jI dy is`K bx gey[ienHW ivc ipMf mlsIAW (jlMDr) dw cODrI BweI BgIrQ qy keI hor cODrI vI sn jo srkwrI kMmW vwsqy sulqwnpur AwauNdy huMdy sn[

aunHIN idnIN hI qlvMfI qoN mihqw kilAwx dws ny BweI mrdwny nUM sulwqwnpur ByijAw qW jo auh byby nwnkI qy gurU nwnk swihb dw hwl-cwl pqw kr ky Awey[ jdoN BweI mrdwnw sulqwnpur pu`jw qW gurU swihb ny aus ƒ in`Gw jI AwieAW AwiKAw[ mrdwnw auQy keI idn irhw[ gurU swihb jdoN bwxI gwauNdy qW BweI mrdwnw rbwb vjw ky swQ dyNdw[ iek idn gurU swihb BweI mrdwny ƒ AwiKAw ik AwpW dovyN rUhwnIAq dw C`tw mwrn vwsqy, dys-prdys dw dOrw krIey[ BweI mrdwnw ny AwiKAw ik mYN AwpxI bytI dy ivAwh qoN sur^rU ho ky quhwfy nwl zrUr jwvWgw[ ikauNik ik BweI mrdwnw rupY-pYsy dy mwmly ivc kmzor sI ies kr ky gurU swihb ny bytI dy ivAwh dw swrw Krc Awpxy izMmy lY ilAw[ aunHW BweI mrdwny ƒ

AwiKAw ik auh ivAwh dy swmwn dI sUcI iqAwr kr dyvy[ aunHIN idnIN hI ipMf mlsIAW dw cODrI BweI BgIrQ, mwlIAw jmHw krvwaux Aqy gurU swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy sulqwnpur AwieAw hoieAw sI[ BgrIQ ny ies mgroN lwhOr vI jwxw sI[ gurU swihb ny BweI mrdwny dI DI dy ivAwh dy swmwn dI sUcI BweI BgIrQ ƒ idqI Aqy AwiKAw ik auh swrw smwn sulqwnpur dI mMfI ‟coN jW lwhOr qoN ilAw dyvy[

BweI BgIrQ ny kw&I smwn sulqwnpur ‟coN KrId ilAWdw qy bwkI smwn vwsqy auh lwhOr ivc BweI mnsuK dI dukwn ‟qy igAw[ BweI mnsuK ny loVINdw swrw smwn dy idqw[ g`lW ivc BweI mnsuK ƒ BweI BgIrQ qoN pqw lgw ik ieh smwn gurU swihb ny Awpxy iek dosq BweI mrdwnw dI bytI dI SwdI vwsqy mMgvwieAw hY[ BweI BgIrQ ny gurU nwnk swihb dI S^sIAq Aqy isiKAw bwry vI disAw[ BweI mnsuK au~qy gurU nwnk swihb dI S^sIAq dw eynw Asr hoieAw ik auh vI gurU swihb dy drSn krn dI ^wihS nwl BweI BgIrQ dy nwl hI sulqwnpur ƒ cl ipAw[ sulqwnpur ivc BweI mnsuK gurU nwnk swihb dy drSn kr ky srobr (AnMdq) ho igAw[ hux auh vI, BweI BgIrQ qy BweI mrdwnw vWg, sdw vwsqy gurU swihb dw hI ho igAw[

Agly idn swmwn lY ky BweI mrdwnw qlvMfI clw igAw qyy AwpxI bytI dI SwdI kIqI[ ies mgroN Awpxy byty BweI Szwdy ƒ Gr dI izMmyvwrI sONp ky BweI mrdwnw Pyr sulqwnpur Aw igAw[ sulqwnpur ivc gurU swihb dIvwn sjWdy rhy Aqy BweI mrdwnw rbwb nwl sMgq krdw irhw[

vyeIN ndI dI khwxI dw s`c
iek idn gurU swihb vyeIN ndI ‟c nhwaux gey[ nhwaux mgroN auh vyeIN dy dUjy kMFy dUr sMGxy drKqW dy JuMf hyT jw bYTy qy rUhwnI socW ivc mgn ho gey[ Awp dy mn ivc i^Awl AwieAw ik v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc jw ky s`cy Drm dw prcwr krn dw smW Aw igAw hY[ socidAW-socidAW Awp dI AYsI ilv lgI ik Awp keI GVIAW au~Qy hI bYTy rhy[ (kuJ lyKk ies ƒ 3 idn qy iek lyKk qW 8 idn ndI ivc vVy rihxw ilKdy hn, jo shI nhIN hY)[ ip`CoN lokW ny ieh soicAw ik gurU jI fu`b gey hoxgy[

Swm gey jdoN kuJ lok auDroN lMGy qW aunHW gurU swihb ƒ socW ivc lIn hoey bYTy vyiKAw[ aunHW lokW ny gurU swihb nwl bcn kIqy[ ies mgroN gurU swihb Awpxy Gr muV Awey qy AYlwn kIqw ik aunHW ƒ Akwl purK dw hukm hoieAw hY ik auh nvyN pMQ dw prcwr krn vwsqy audwsI (pRcwr dOry) SurU krn[ aunHW ny pqnI Aqy b`icAW dy Krcy vwsqy swry pYsy Awpxy shury ƒ sMBwl idqy Aqy Awp r`b dy pYZwm dy imSnrI bxn vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ gurU jI ny audwsI pihrwvw pihx ilAw Aqy BweI mrdwnw ƒ vI iesy pihrwvy ivc nwl lY ky 20 Agsq 1507 dy idn s`cy Drm dy prcwr vwsqy tur pey[

iek lyKk muqwibk gurU swihb vyeIN ndI ivc 3 idn rhy sn (imhrbwn vwlI jnmswKI qy ivlwieq vwlI jnmswKI) Aqy iek hor lyKk muqwibk Awp 8 idn (BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwx vwlI; drAsl srUp isMG inrmlw dI ilKI hoeI) ndI ivc vVy rhy, jo shI nhIN hY[ ienHW lyKkW muqwibk gurU jI ndI ivc vVn mgroN Akwl purK dy drbwr ivc jw pu`jy sn[ aunHW dy „vwihgurU‟ dy drbwr ivc jw ky vyeIN ndI ivc iqMn jW A`T idn luky rihx dI khwxI iksy p~K qoN vI shI nhIN jwpdI[ iek pwsy qW ieh lyKk gurUU nwnk swihb nUM „nwrwiex‟ Aqy‟ r`b dw Avqwr‟ (Xwin r`b Awp) ilKdy hn qy dUjy pwsy aunHW nUM „r`b‟ dy drbwr ivc hwzr vI kr dyNdy hn[ ies dw mqlb ieh bxdw hY ik r`b „do‟ sn qy iek „r`b‟ (gurU nwnk swihb) dUjy „r`b‟ (Akwl purK) dy drbwr ivc hwzr hoieAw sI (qy ieh drbwr Swied „byeIN‟ ndI dy hyTW iksy jgh sI)[ jnmswKIAW gurU jI dy vyeIN ivcoN bwhr Awaux vwlI QW vI v`K v`K dsdIAW hn: bwly vwlI jnmswKI muqwibk gurU jI ij`QoN inkly auQy aunHW ny dwqn g`fI sI (hux auh dwqn vwlI jgh dw nW inSwn bwkI nhIN hY)[ BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwx vwlI (drAsl srUp isMG inrmlw dI ilKI) qy ivlwieq vwlI jnmswKI muqwibk gurU jI mOjUdw „gurduAwrw sMq Gwt‟ vwlI QW qoN bwhr nhIN inkly sn bl ik auQoN inkly sn ij`Qy auh vyeIN ivc vVy sn[ so ieh khwxI vI mgroN GVI geI sI qy „gurduAwrw sMq Gwt‟ vI mgroN bxwieAw igAw sI[ (Aijhy drjnW nklI gurduAwry hor jgh vI bxwey gey sn, jo A`j vI kwiem hn)[

sulqwnpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy rihx dw smW vI v`K-v`K swKIkwrW ny v`K v`K iliKAw hY[ bwlw jnmswKI muqwibk gurU jI auQy m`Gr 1540 (1483) qoN mwG 1543 (1586) qk modI rhy (gurU jI dI aumr aus smyN 14 qoN 17 swl dI sI)[ imhrbwn vwlI jnmswKI muqwibk gurU jI auQy 1507 qk swl rhy[ SRomxI kmytI dy l`gy iek borf muqwibk gurU jI auQy 14 swl qoN vD smW rhy sn[

Drm prcwr vwsqy dOry (audwsIAW)

20 Agsq 1507 qoN 1516 qk qkrIbn 9 swl gurU swihb Aqy BwrI mrdwnw ny ies pihlI audwsI dOrwn, dUr dUr qk s&r kIqw[ sulqwnpur qoN aunHW dw pihlw muK pVwA (120 iklomItr dUr) lwhOr ivc sI[ (iek irvwieq ivc Awp dw pihlw pVwA eymnwbwd sI; ijs nUM mYN dUjw pVwA mMinAw hY)[

lwhOr: BweI dunI cMd kroVI nwl myl
gurU nwnk swihb lwhOr ivc Awp bdwmI bwg dy nyVy ruky sny[ aus vyly ies ielwky ivc dunI cMd kroVI nW dw iek AmIr AwdmI rihMdw sI[ dunI cMd dy Gr dy bwhr, suhxy rySmI kpVy dIAW s`q lVIAW, JMifAW vWg, bMnHIAW hoeIAW sn[ ies dw mqlb ieh sI ik dunI cMd audoN dy sq l~K tikAW dw mwlk sI (jo audoN bhuq v`fI rkm huMdI sI)[ jdoN gurU swihb kIrqn kr rhy sn qW dunI cMd au~QoN lMiGAw[ gurU swihb dI bwxI dunI cMd dy idl ivc Gr kr geI[ auh au~Qy bYT igAw Aqy gurU swihb nwl kw&I icr g~lW krdw irhw[ g~lW-g~lW ivc dunI cMd ny AwpxI AmIrI dw iezhwr vI kIqw[ jdoN dunI cMd auT ky jwx l~gw qW gurU jI ny aus nUM iek sUeI idqI Aqy AwiKAw ik AsIN mrn mgroN qYQoN dUjI dunIAW ivc lY lvWgy[ dunI cMd sUeI nUM Gr lY igAw[ aus ny Gr jw ky sUeI AwpxI GrvwlI nUM dy idqI qy AwiKAw ik auh aus dI sUeI nUM cMgI qrW sMBwl ky rKy[ jdoN aus dI GrvwlI ny sUeI dI AihmIAq bwry puiCAw qW aus ny gurU jI nwl hoeI glbwq d~sI[ aus dI GrvwlI ny AwiKAw ik mrn mgroN qUM sUeI Awpxy nwl qW nhIN lY ky jwvyNgw[ iPr sUeI nUM moVyNgw ikvyN? dunI cMd aunHIN pYrIN prq igAw qy gurU jI nUM sUeI moV ky AwKx lgw, “gurU swihb mYN ieh sUeI Awpxy nwl qW nhIN lY ky jwvWgw[” ies qy gurU jI ny AwiKAw “jy qUM sUeI nwl nhIN iljwvyNgw, pr jo dOlq qUM iek~TI kr irhw hYN, auh ikvyN nwl lY jwvyNgw?” ieh sux ky dunI cMd nUM soJI

AweI[ auh gurU swihb qoN pu~Cx lgw ik mrn mgroN nwl kI jWdw hY? gurU jI ny aus nUM disAw ik “cMgy kMm, BlweI, nykI qy BgqI hI mrn vyly ienswn dw ^zwnw huMdw hY[ ieh ^zwnw vI ienswn dy mrn mgroN aus dy nwl nhIN jWdw blik ijaUNidAW hI kMm AwauNdw hY[ ikauN ik bMdw mrn ip`CoN ikqy nhIN jWdw[ hW mrn ip`CoN aus dy kwrnwmy ip`Cy C`fI jwiedwd bxdy hn[”

aunHIN idnIN hI dunI cMd ny Awpxy bwp dw SrwD kIqw[ aus ny gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw nUM vI SrwD vwly idn rotI ‟qy bulwieAw[ gurU swihb ny dunI cMd nUM smJwieAw ik “SrwD vyly pMfqW nUM idqw igAw dwn isr& pMfqW dy Gr hI rih jwxw hY qy ip~qrW nUM nhIN pu~jxw[ ijvyN bMdy dy mrn mgroN dOlq jW koeI vI cIz aus dy nwl nhIN jWdI auvyN hI bzurgW dy nW qy kIqw igAw dwn vI aunHW nUM nhIN pu~jdw[” gurU jI dI isiKAw nwl dunI cMd nUM cwnx ho igAw[ aus ny gurU jI A~gy isr JukwieAw Aqy is~KI dw dwn mMigAw[ {mgroN iesy dunI cMd ny hI 1522 ivc krqwrpur (pwiksqwn) ivc sMgqW vwsqy is~KW dI pihlI srW vI bxweI sI}[ (lwhOr ivc, id`lI drvwzw, purwxw koqvwlI cOk ivc muh`lw isirAWvwlw gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies jgh kdy BweI dunI cMd dI hvylI huuMdI sI)[

eymnwbwd (sYdpur): BweI lwlo qy milk Bwgo nwl myl
lwhOr qoN mgroN Awp dw dUjw v`fw pVwA (lwhOr qoN 53 iklomItr dUr, gujrWvwlw qoN 18 iklomItr pihlW) sYdpur (hux eymnwbwd) sI[ eyQy gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw BweI lwlo (jo GtwauVw zwq dw qrKwx sI) dy Gr Tihry[ eyQoN gurU swihb ny BweI mrdwnw ƒ qlvMfI ByijAw qW jo auh Awpxy pirvwr ƒ audwsI dy s&r ‟qy jwx bwry ds Awey[ BweI mrdwnw dy vwips Awaux qk gurU swihb sYdpur ivc hI rhy qy roz dIvwn sjWdy rhy[ ipMf qoN bwhr, ij`Qy roVW Aqy p`QrW dy ivckwr bYT ky Awp kIrqn kirAw krdy sn, au~Qy “gurduAwrw roV swihb” bixAw hoieAw hY[

jdoN gurU swihb BweI lwlo kol Tihry hoey sn, audoN sYdpur dy iek bVy v`fy AmIr AwdmI, milk Bwgo, ny Awpxy mwipAW dy srwD dy nW ‟qy, iek v`fw-Boj kIqw Aqy ies ivc swry ipMf dy lokW ƒ rotI vwsqy s`idAw[ milk Bwgo iek hMkwirAw hoieAw, D`ky-Kor Aqy zwlm AwdmI sI[ lok aus ƒ idloN n&rq krdy sn[ aus ny gurU nwnk swihb ƒ vI Kwxy ‟qy s`idAw[ pr gurU swihb ny aus dI rotI Kwx qoN nWh kr idqI[ jdoN milk Bwgo ƒ pqw lgw ik ies „PkIr‟ ny aus Boj ivc ih`sw lYx qoN ienkwr kIqw hY qW aus ny Awpxy Aihlkwr Byj ky gurU swihb ƒ jbrI bulw ByijAw[ jd gurU swihb au~Qy pu`jy qW aus ny pu`iCAw ik qusIN myry „bRhm-Boj‟ ivc Swiml ikauN nhI hoey? gurU swihb ny aus ƒ AwiKAw ik qyrI rotI imhnq dI kmweI dI nhIN[ swƒ ies ivc grIbW qy kwimAW dw ^Un idsdw hY[ ies ‟qy milk Bwgo ivc iek vwr qW cup ho igAw[ (eyQoN hI kuJ lyKkW ny gurU swihb vloN incoV ky duD qy ^Un vgwaux dI krwmwq GV leI)[ Pyr milk Bwgo pu`Cx lgw qusIN CotI zwq dy BweI lwlo dy Gr dI rotI ikauN kbUl krdy ho? gurU swihb ny ikhw swƒ aus dI rotI ivc eImwndwrI qy imhnq dw du`D nzr AwauNdw hY[ nwly CotI jwq qW aus dI hY jo r`b qoN dUr rihMdw hY, BweI lwlo qW r`b dy nyVy hY[ auh qW r`b dw ipAwrw hY, pu`qr hY[ pihloN qW milk Bwgo ƒ gurU swihb dIAW KrIAW g`lW qy bVw gu`sw AwieAw pr kuJ icr mgroN milk Bwgo ƒ vI sum`q AweI[ aus ny vI gurU swihb qoN is`KI dwn mMigAw Aqy aus ny AwpxI dOlq dw iek v`fw ih`sw grIbW Aqy loVvMdW qy ^rc kr idqw qy auh milk Bwgo qoN “BweI Bwgo” bx igAw[ eyny ivc hI BweI mrdwnw vI qlvMfI qoN muV AwieAw sI[ kuJ idn auQy rihx mgroN gurU swihb Drm pRcwr vwsqy A`gy tur pey[

(eymnwbwd ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iqMn gurduAwry bxy hoey hn: roVI swihb, c`kI swihb, KUhI BweI lwlo)[

qulMbw Aqy s`jx T`g
sYdpur qoN gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw qulMbw (sYdpur qoN 320 iklomItr dUr) vl cl pey[ qulMbw aunHW idnW ivc lwhOr qoN mulqwn dy rwh ivc iek v`fw ksbw sI (mgroN bdySI DwVvIAW ny ies nUM lu`t ky qbwh kr id`qw sI)[ ies Sihr ivc s`jx nW dy iek bMdy ny muswi&rW vwsqy srW bxweI hoeI sI[ s`jx ny jdoN do muswi&r dyKy qW auh aunHW kol igAw[ auh gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ƒ AwpxI srW ivc lY AwieAw[ s`jx au~qoN bVIAW im`TIAW g`lW krdw sI, pr drAsl auh iek v`fw T`g qy kwiql sI[ auh AwpxI srW ivc Tihrx vwly muswiPrW ƒ rwq vyly, su`qy ipAW ƒ, kql kr ky aunHW dw swmwn lut lYNdw sI[

gurU nwnk swihb qy BweI mrdwnw ny rwq s`jx „T`g‟ kol ibqwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ sOx qoN pihlW gurU swihb ny kIrqn kIqw[ gurU swihb ny iek Sbd gWivAw:

aujlu kYhw iclkxw Goitm kwlVI msu] DoiqAw jUiT n auqrY jy sau Dovw iqsu] sjx syeI nwil mY clidAw nwil clµin@] ijQY lyKw mMgIAY iqQY KVy idsMin] koTy mMfp mwVIAw pwshu icqvIAwhw] FTIAw kMim n Awvn@I ivchu sKxIAwhw] bgw bgy kpVy qIrQ mMiJ vsMin@] Guit Guit jIAw Kwvxy bgy nw khIAin@] isMml ruKu srIru mY mYjn dyiK Bulµin@] sy Pl kMim n Awvn@I qy gux mY qin hMin@] AMDulY Bwru auTwieAw fUgr vwt bhuqu] AKI loVI nw lhw hau ciV lµGw ikqu] cwkrIAw cMigAweIAw Avr isAwxp ikqu] nwnk nwmu smwil qUM bDw Cutih ijqu] {s&w 729}

ies ivc d`isAw hY ik ijvyN kYNh (kWsI) dy BWfy nuM vwr-vwr Dox nwl vI aus dI kwl^ nhIN jWdI; ieM\ hI mwVw bMdw ijMnw mrzI Blw id`sx dI koiSS kry, aus dw JUT zwihr ho hI jWdw hY[ ieh sux ky s`jx bVw SrimMdw hoieAw[ gurU swihb ny s`jx ƒ ienswnIAq dw sbk idqw[ gurU swihb dIAW g`lW dw aus ‟qy eynw Asr hoieAw ik aus ny A`gy qoN T`gI Aqy gunwh bMd krnw dw pRx kIqw qy auh gurU dw is`K bx igAw[ aus dI kqlgwh rUpI srW hux Drmswlw bx geI[

qulMbw qoN tur ky, gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw (135 iklomItr dUr) pwkptn dy ptn (p`qx) „qy phuMcy[ pwkptn izlw imMtgumrI (hux swhIvwl) dw iek mShUr ksbw hY[ mShUr sU&I muslmwn Sy^ &rId dw mzwr iesy jgh qy hY[ aus dy mzwr qy, aus dy jWnSInW ny fyrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY[ ies ksby dw pihlw nW AjoDn sI[ ieQy dirAw pwr krn vwsqy p`qx sI so ies ipMf ƒ p`qx (p`tx) kihx lg pey sn[ pr Sy^ &rId dy fyry kr ky ies dw nW pwik (pivqr) pqx, qy iPr pwkptn clx lg ipAw[ pwkptn ivc gurU swihb auqy BweI mrdwnw Sy^ &rId dy mzwr vwly fyry qy Tihry[ eyQy Awp dI mulwkwq Sy^ iebrwhIm (jo Sy^ &rId dw g`dIdwr sI) nwl hoeI[ Sy^ iebrwhIm ny gurU nwnk swihb ƒ Sy^ &rId dI qy kuJ AwpxI bwxI suxweI[ gurU swihb ny vI gurbwxI dw kIrqn kIqw[ gurbwxI nUM sux ky Sy^ iebrwhIm gurU swihb qoN bVw muqwisr hoieAw Aqy aus ny gurU swihb dI rUhwnIAq A`gy isr JukwieAw[

pwkptn qoN (mOjUdw Abohr dy nyiVEN lMGdy hoey), hrIpurw qy Abohr* huMdy hoey Awp Btnyr (hux hnUmwngVH, rwijsQwn) vl (135 iklomItr) cl pey[ (Awp dy qulMbw qoN pwkptn dI jgh mulqwn jwx dw izkr vI imldw hY)[ Btnyr audoN bhuq v`fw ngr huMdw sI[ ie`Qy iksy vly B`tI rwijAW ny bhuq v`fw iklHw bxwieAw sI jo Aj vI mOjUd hY[ (*Abohr vI pRwcIn ngr hY; ieQoN dy purwxy ikly dy KMfr A`j vI mOjUd hn)[

srsw
Btnyr ivc pVwA krn qoN bwAd Awp (90 iklomItr dUr) srsw v`l cl pey[[ ieh g`l &rvrI 1508 dy A`D dI hY[ ie`Qy do muslmwn PkIrW pIr bhwvl Aqy pIr Abdul SkUr dw bVw Asr sI; Awp ny dohW nwl Dwrimk crcw kr ky Asl Drm dw pRcwr kIqw sI[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry „qy jwdU-khwxIAW dw iek borf l`gw hoieAw hY ijs ivc gurU jI v`loN muridAW nUM ijaUNdw krn dI jwdU khwxI Aqy krwmwq vwlIAW g`pW dw izkr kIqw hoieAw[ gurU swihb qW sgoN AijhI AKOqI krwmwq nUM r`d krdy hn[ ieh gurduAwrw iek inrmlw-audwsI gru`p kol hox kr ky ie`Qy pMQk mirAwdw nhIN cldI[ (hor qW hor ies gurduAwry ivc dilq is`KW nwl ivqkrw vI kIqw jWdw h[

krHw
srsw qoN c`l ky, v`K-v`K ipMfW ivc ruk-ruk ky s`cy Drm dw pYZwm dyNdy hoey, &rvrI 1508 dy A^Ir ivc (200 iklomItr dUr) krHw pu`jy[ krHw ivc Awp ny iek bRwhmx dw ividAw dw hMkwr qoiVAw[ ies gurduAwry ivc iek jwdU-khwxI dw borf l`gw hoieAw hY ijs ivc iek g`p ilKI hoeI hY ik gurU jI ny iek mry hoey aUT nUM izMdw kr ky aus aUT qoN bRwhmx dI ividAw dw hMkwr quVwieAw[ (AijhIAW g`p khwxIAW keI gurduAwirAW ivc l`gy borfW „qy ilKIAW hoeIAW hn ijnHW qoN gurU jI nUM iek krwmwqI jwdUgr dy rUp ivc pyS krn dI hrkq kIqI hoeI hY[ ieho ijhIAW jwdUeI krwmwqW is`KI r`d krdI hY)[

iphovw
krHw ivc iek idn rukx mgroN Awp (11 iklomItr dUr) iphovw pu`jy[ iphovw ivc ihMdU Awpxy mr cuky irSqydwrW dy ipMf Brwaux dI rsm krn jwieAw krdy sn[ gurU swihb ny ie`Qy ruk ky lokW nUM ies krm kWf qoN htwaux vwsqy isiKAw id`qI[ aunHW ikhw ik ies rsm nwl jo dwn bRwhmxW nUM kIqw jWdw hY auh mr cuky irSqydwrW nUM nhIN pu`jdw bl ik ieh bRwhmxW dI rozI rotI dy kMm AwauNdw hY[ ies ngr ivc hux vI bhuq swry pWfy rihMdy hn ijnHW kol do kU swl purwxIAW kuJ vhIAW vI hn ijnHW ivc auQy jwx vwilAW dy hvwly ilKy hoey hn[ iek-do pWifAW kol gurU nwnk swihb dy ^wndwn dw AKOqI kursInwmw vI hY ijs ivc bhuq Zlq jwxkwrI hY[ jwpdw hY ik aunHW ny ieh iksy qoN sux ky iliKAw hovygw[

kurKyqr (kurUkSyqr) ivc mws bwry crcw
iphovw qoN cl gurU jI (31 iklomItr dUr) kurKyqr (kurUkSyqr) gey[ aunHW idnHW ivc au`Qy mylw lgw hoieAw sI[ ies idn kurKyqr ivc coKI igxqI ivc ihMdU iek`Ty hoey sn[ gurU swihb iek au~cy it`by qy bYT gey qy kIrqn SurU kr idqw[ bhuq swry lok suxn vwsqy gurU swihb dy kol bYT gey[ kuJ icr mgroN iek rwj kumwr Aqy aus dI mW au~Qy Aw gey[ aus rwjkumwr ny kurKyqr vl AwauNidAW rwh ivc iek ihrn dw iSkwr kIqw sI[ pr kurKyqr ivc aus ƒ iksy pWfy ny AwK id`qw sI ik myly dy mOky ‟qy mws Kwx dI mnwhI hY[ ies kr ky aus rwj kumwr ny auh ihrn gurU swihb ƒ ByNt kr id`qw[ QoVI dyr mgroN gurU swihb ny auh ihrn iek mtky ivc pw ky ir`Jx vwsqy A`g qy r`K id`qw[ jdoN mws dy ir`Jx dI ^uSbU iKlrx lgI qW pWfy iek`Ty ho ky gurU swihb dy kol Aw gey[ aunHW ny gurU swihb v`loN mws irMnHx dy svwl ‟qy JgVnw SurU kr idqw[ gurU swihb ny aunHW koloN puiCAw ik kI ihMdU mirAwdw muqwibk Dwrimk myly smyN JgVw kIqw jw skdw hY? ies ‟qy pWfy cup ho gey[ aunHW pWifAW ivc iek nwƒ nW dw ivdvwn sI[ auh Awpxy Awp ƒ sB qoN vD isAwxw smJdw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb ƒ AwiKAw ik „ieh TIk hY ik myly vyly JgVw nhIN ho skdw pr ivcwr Aqy dlIl dI g`l qW ho skdI hY‟[ auh gurU swihb ƒ kihx lgw ik sUrj gRihx vyly mws Kwxw Zlq hY[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ smJwieAw ik sUrj-gRihx dw mws Kwx jW nw Kwx nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ mws qy swg, dovyN, vwihgurU ny Kwx vwsqy bxwey hn[ mws dw JgVw mUrKW dI Kyf hY[ ienswn dw qW jnm hI mws qoN huMdw hY[ ienswn keI qrIikAW nwl mws dI vrqoN krdw hY[ gurU swihb ny bRwhmxW ƒ mws bwry iek Sbd suxwieAw:

mwsu mwsu kir mUrKu JgVy igAwnu iDAwnu nhI jwxY ] kauxu mwsu kauxu swgu khwvY iksu mih pwp smwxy ] gYNfw mwir hom jg kIey dyviqAw kI bwxy ] mwsu Coif bYis nku pkVih rwqI mwxs Kwxy ] PVu kir lokW no idKlwvih igAwnu iDAwnu nhI sUJY ] nwnk AMDy isau ikAw khIAY khY n kihAw bUJY ] AMDw soie ij AMDu kmwvY iqsu irdY is locn nwhI ] mwq ipqw kI rkqu inpMny mCI mwsu n KWhI ] iesqRI purKY jW inis mylw EQY mMDu kmwhI ] mwshu inMmy mwshu jMmy hm mwsY ky BWfy ] igAwnu iDAwnu kCu sUJY nwhI cquru khwvY pWfy ] bwhr kw mwsu mMdw suAwmI Gr kw mwsu cMgyrw ] jIA jMq siB mwshu hoey jIie lieAw vwsyrw ] ABKu BKih BKu qij Cofih AMDu gurU ijn kyrw ] mwshu inMmy mwshu jMmy hm mwsY ky BWfy ] igAwnu iDAwnu kCu sUJY nwhI cquru khwvY pWfy ] mwsu purwxI mwsu kqybˆØI chu juig mwsu kmwxw ] jij kwij vIAwih suhwvY EQY mwsu smwxw ] iesqRI purK inpjih mwshu pwiqswh sulqwnW ] jy Eie idsih nrik jWdy qW aun@ kw dwnu n lYxw ]dyNdw  nrik  surig  lYdy  dyKhu  eyhuiD|wxw  ]  Awip  n  bUJY  lok  buJwey  pWfy  KrwisAwxw ] pWfy qU jwxY hI nwhIikQhu mwsu aupMnw ] qoieAhu AMnu kmwdu kpwhW qoieAhu iqRBvxu gMnw ] qoAw AwKY hau bhu ibiD hCw qoAY bhuqu ibkwrw ] eyqy rs Coif hovY sMinAwsI nwnku khY ivcwrw] (ieh Sbd mlHwr dI vwr dI 25 vIN pauVI ivc hY Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 1289-90 qy drj hY)[

gurU swihb dy ivcwr sux ky pWfw nwƒ Aqy aus dy swQI lwjvwb ho gey[ aunHW ny gurU swihb A`gy isr JukwieAw Aqy cly gey[ ienHW pWifAW ivcoN keI gurU swihb dy cyly vI bx gey[ gurU swihb kuJ idn kurUkSyqr rhy Aqy iPr hrduAwr vwly pwsy ƒ cl pey[ (kurUkSyqr ivc iksy vyly ies ngr ivc iek purwxIAW ie`tW dw pRwcIn qlwA huMdw sI ijhVw lokW dynhwaux, kpVy Dox Aqy KyqW nUMpwxI dyx dykMm AwauNdw sI[ pr mgroN ihMdUAWny ies nUM bRhmsrovr dw nW dyky Dwrimk

srovr bxw ilAw[ 15 Pu`t fUMGy, 1800 Put cOVy qy 1500 Put lMmy ies srovr nUM 1968 qoN 1990 ivckwr, qkrIbn 22 swl ivc bxieAw igAw sI[ ies dy nyVy hI ipCly pwsy v`l, gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw is`D btI‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[)[

kpwl mocn
kurUkSyqr qoN cl ky gurU jI hrduAwr jWidAW (70 iklomItr dUr) kpwl mocn ivc ruky[ ies jgh „qy imQhwsk dyvqy iSv, imQhwsk ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw ikSn Aqy imQhwsk ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw rwm dy nW „qy mMdr bxy hoey hn[ihMdU imQhws dI iek kQw muqwibk jd dyvqw bRhmw AwpxI DI „qy hI moihq ho igAw qW iek hor dyvqy iSv ny aus dw isr v`F id`qw[ ikauN ik bRhmw bRwhmx sI ies kr ky isr v`fx dy ies pwp kwrn bRhmw dw isr iSv dy iek h`Q nwl cMbV igAw[ iSv ny aus isr nUM lwhux vwsqy swrw zor lwieAw pr auh kuJ nw kr sikAw[ auh keI qIrQW „qy igAw Aqy A^Ir ies jgh iek qlwA ivc nhwaux nwl aus dy h`Q qoN bRhmw dw isr l`Q igAw[ ies kr ky ies qlwA dw nW „kpwl mocn‟ (kpwl= KopVI/isr, mocn= Cutkwrw hoxw) qlwA bx igAw[ ies mgroN pWfvW ny vI Aw ky imQhwsk ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw ikRSn nwl rl ky ieh nvW qlwA „KoijAw‟ qy ies ies nUM „irxmocn srovr‟ dw nW id`qw[ bRwhmxW dw pRcwr hY ik ies ivc nhwaux nwl krizAW qoN mukqI iml jWdI hY[ ies ipMf ivc qIjw qlwA sUrjkuMf hY[ ies bwry pujwrIAW dw ieh pRcwr hY ik imQhwsk ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw rwm cMdr ny rwvx nUM mwrx mgroN ies jgh „qy Aw ky bRwhmx (rwvx) nUM mwrn dw pwp Doqw sI[ ies khwxI muqwibk rwvx ikauN ik bRwhmx sI, ies kr ky auh rwm qoN vD piv`qr sI (hwlW ik bhuqy ihMdU rwm nUM r`b mMndy hn; ies ihswb nwl qW bRwhmx r`b qoN vI au¤cw hY[) ieh swrIAW khwxIAW pujwrIAW ny bRwhmx, Xwin Awpxy Awp, nUM aucw drswaux vwsqy GVIAW hoeIAW hn[ ie`Qy vI gurU nwnk jI iek idn rhy Aqy lokW nUM s`cy Drm dw sbk id`qw[ ie`QoN Awp (120 iklomItr dUr) hrduAwr v`l cl pey[

hrduAwr ivc ip`qrW nUM pwxI dyx bwry kOqk
gurU nwnk swihb vyly mOjUdw hrduAwr Sihr nhIN huMdw sI[ gMgw ivc nhwaux vwsqy lok eyQy iek`Ty huMdy sn pr qIrQ vjoN lok nyVy dy ipMf knKl ivc jwieAw krdy sn[ aus vyly mOjUdw hrduAwr Aqy knKl ivckwr swry ielwky ƒ mwieAwpurI AwKdy sI[ Akbr dy vzIr AbU &zl dI ilKI „AweIny-AkbrI‟ ivc vI ies +dw nW mwieAwpurI vjoN hI AwauNdw hY[ ij`Qy gMgw dirAw bhuq fMUGw nhIN sI, aus QW ƒ „ivSnU dI pwauVI‟ AwKdy sn[ ivSƒ ƒ keI ihMdU „hrI‟ qy „hir‟ vI kihMdy hn[ hOlI hOlI ies QW dw nW „hir kI pauVI‟ vjoN vDyry jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ „hir kI pauVI‟ l&z qoN hI „hir kw duAwr‟ qy iPr hirduAwr bx igAw[ hrduAwr l&z qW isr& swFy iqMn sO swl purwxw hY[ (drbwr swihb ivc „hir kI pauVI‟ AwKI jWdI jgh dw nW vI bRwhmxW dw id`qw hoieAw nW hY Aqy ies dw is`KI nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY)[

gurU nwnk swihb hrduAwr ivc pihlI ivswK nUM 28 mwrc 1508 dy idn pu`jy sn[ aunHW ny Awpxw pVwA “hir kI pauVI” qoN qkrIbn FweI iqMn sO mItr dUr kIqw sI[ audoN ieh jgh iblkul aujwV sI[ Aj klH aus jgh ƒ “nwnk bwVw” AwKdy hn[ auQy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc “nwnk bwVw” fyrw bixAw hoieAw hY; pr ies dw kbzw is`KW kol nhIN qy audwsIAW kol hY (inrmilAW dw hYf kuAwrtr vI knKl ivc hY)[

hrduAwr ivc gurU swihb ny vyiKAw ik lok gMgw ivcoN pwxI k`F-k`F ky pUrb vwly pwsy su`t rhy sn: Xwin auh sUrj ƒ pwxI dy rhy sn[ gurU swihb ny lokW dw Brm qoVn vwsqy iek kOqk kIqw[ aunHW ny lokW dy ault pwsy p`Cm vl ƒ pwxI dyxw SurU kr idqw[ ies kOqk nUM vyK ky kuJ lok AwKx l`gy “lok qW sUrj ƒ pwxI dy rhy hn pr qusIN p`Cm vl ikauN pwxI dy rhy ho?” gurU swihb ny jvwb id`qw, “mYN lwhOr dy nyVy Awpxy KyqW nUM pwxI dy irhW[” Pyr gurU swihb ny puiCAw ik “lok sUrj ƒ pwxI ikauN dy rhy hn[” aunHW ivcoN iek bzurg ny jvwb idqw ik lok Awpxy ipqrW (mr cuky buzrgW) ƒ pwxI phuMcwauxw cwhuMdy hn[” gurU swihb ny AwiKAw, “ik ieh pwxI 49 kroV koh (157 kroV iklomItr) dUr puj jwvygw?” aus ny jvwb idqw “hW pu`j jweygw[” hux aus ihMdU ny gurU swihb ƒ svwl kIqw: “qusIN d`so ik ieh pwxI lwhOr dy nyVy ikvyN pu`jygw?” gurU swihb ny jvwb idqw “jy quhwfw pwxI 49 kroV koh dUr puj skdw hY qW kI myrw pwxI do sO koh dUr vI nhIN puj skygw[” aunHW lokW kol gurU swihb dI g`l dw jvwb nhIN sI[ pr bhuqy lok gurU swihb dI dlIl qoN kwiel ho gey[ sUJvwn lokW ny gurU swihb dI g`l mMn leI Awpxy ipqrW ƒ pwxI dyx dw pwKMf bMd kr idqw[ gurU swihb dw inSwnw aunHW dy Dwrimk XkIn ƒ s`t mwrnw nhIN sI blik &zUl krm kWf qoN htw ky cMgy ienswn bxnw isKwauxw qy Drm dy nW „qy pujwrIAW duAwrw pRcwry pwKMf nUM T`l pwauxw sI[ gurU swihb dw kuJ icr knKl ivc vI rhy qy sMgqW ƒ inhwl krdy rhy qy iPr rUhwnIAq dw C`tw mwrn vwsqy A`gy nUM tur pey[{ijs jgh gurU swihb ny ieh kOqk kIqw sI auQy “gurduAwrw igAwn godVI” bixAw hoieAw sI[ 1979 ivc cODrI crn isMh dI srkwr ny ies gurduAwry vwlI jgw ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ Ajy qk auh QW is`KW ƒ vwips nhIN iml skI (Aj klH ies QW „qy auqrWcl srkwr dw „Bwrq skwaUtz‟ dy nW dw srkwrI d&qr bixAw hoieAw hY)}[

gYNfI Kwqw Aqy kotduAwr
hrduAwr qoN tur ky gurU nwnk swihb bdrInwQ Aqy kydwr nwQ v`l cl pey[ ies pwsy v`l vI bhuq lok Dwrimk Xwqrw vwsqy jWdy huMdy sn[ gurU swihb ny ienHW XwqrIAW nUM krm kWf dI jgh s`cy Drm dI isiKAw dyx vwsqy ieh rsqw cuixAw[ bdrInwQ jwx vwsqy audoN izAwdw lok kot duAwr, pOVI qy sRIngr dy rsqy rudrpRXwg Aqy joSIm`T huMdy hoey bdrI nwQ jWdy huMdy sn Aqy kydwr nwQ vwsqy rudrpRXwg qoN rsqw vKrw ho jWdw sI[

hrduAwr qoN cl ky gurU nwnk jI ny pihlw pVwA (20 iklomItr dUr) gYNfIKwqw ipMf ivc kIqw[ ie`Qy Awp dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy l`gy iek borf muqwibk (ijs „qy iek mnGVq krwmwqI khwxI ilKI hoeI hY) gurU jI 4 mhIny qy 13 idn rhy sn jo shI nhIN hY[ Awp ny isr& iek rwq pVwA kIqw sI qy iPr (37 iklomItr dUr) kotduAwr nUM cl pey sn[ kot duAwr ivc gurU jI ny „is`DblI mMdr‟ ivc iek`Ty hoey lokW nUM s`cy Drm dw sbk id`qw[ (hux mMdr vwilAW ny mMdr ivc drjnW imQhwsk dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI kwlpink qsvIr vI lweI hoeI hY qW jo is`KW nUM Awpxy v`l iKcx dI koiSS kIqI jw sky)[ iksy vyly ies mMdr dy nyVy iek in`kw ijhw „gurduAwrw crn pwdukw‟ huMdw sI ijhVw mgroN Fwh id`qw igAw[ hux is`K ie`Qy jgh lY ky Xwdgwr bxwaux dI koiSS kr rhy hn[ auN\ Sihr ivc iek lokl gurduAwrw mOjUd hY[

pOVI qy sRIngr
kotduAwr qoN c`l ky gurU nwnk swihb bdrInwQ qy kydwr nwQ vwsqy sRI ngr, rudrpRXwg qy krn pRXwg dy rsqy v`l pOVI ngr (kot duAwr qoN 108 iklomItr dUr) v`l cl pey[ kdy ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw huMdw sI, pr, hux auh jW koeI hor Xwdgwr mOjUd nhIN hY[ A`j pOVI iek v`fw Sihr bx cukw hY pr ie`Qy koeI is`K nhIN rihMdw, ies kr ky koeI mukwmI gurduAwrw vI nhIN hY[ kdy lok bdrInwQ jwx smyN ie`Qy pVwA kirAw krdy sn ies kr ky ies nUM bdrInwQ qy kydwr nwQ dy mMdrW dI pOVI ikhw krdy sn ijs nwl ies ipMf (hux Sihr) dw iehI nW bx igAw sI[ ieh au`cI jgh hox kr ky keI vwr mOsm sw& hox „qy ie`QoN ihmwlw phwV dIAW cotIAW nzr AwauNdIAW hn[

pOVI qoN gurU jI (29 iklomItr dUr) sRIngr pu`jy[ ieh jgh iksy zmwny ivc gVHvwl irAwsq dI rwjDwnI sI[ (ie`Qo dy rwjy &qih Swh ny 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn pwaUNtw swihb „qy hmlw kIqw sI qy BMgwxI ivc jMg lVI sI)[ sRIngr ivc vI iksy vly gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw crn pwdukw‟ bixAw hoieAw sI[ hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY pr iek lokl gurduAwrw zrUr mOjud hY ijs ivc bdrInwQ jwx vwly muswi&r rwq pVwA krdy hn (gurduAwry ivc cMgI Awmdn hox dy bwvjUd munwisb shUlqW nhIN hn)[ gurduAwry dy pRbMDkW nUM ieh vI nhIN pqw ik gurU nwnk swihb ie`Qy Awey sn qy kdy aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[

bwgySvr
sRI ngr qoN gurU nwnk swihb bdrI nwQ qy kydwr nwQ jwxw cwhuMdy sn pr rsqw bMd hox kr ky auh auDr jw nw sky[ ieh rsqw jUn dy A`D qoN mgroN KuilHAw krdw hY[ ies kr ky gurU jI sRIngr qoN (rudr pRXwg huMdy hoey) 42 iklomItr dUr krnpRXwg dy rwh v`loN bwgySvr v`l cly gey[ krnpRXwg qoN bwgySvr 68 iklomItr dUr hY[ ie`Qy do ndIAW „srXU‟ Aqy „gomqI‟ dw sMgm hY (sMgm mgroN gomqI ndI „srXU‟ ndI ivc smwA jWdI hY)[ ies sMgm dy nyVy iSv, pwrvqI, gxyS vZYrw dy mMdr huMdy sn, jo sB qoN pihlW ATvIN sdI ivc bxy sn; aunHW ivcoN do iemwrqW dy FWcy Ajy vI mOjUd hn[ hux vwlIAW iemwrqW gurU nwnk swihb qoN mgroN 1602 sMn ivc bxnIAW SurU hoeIAW sn[ ies jgh vI gurU nwnk swihb ny s`cy Drm dI isiKAw id`qI[ (ie`Qy vI gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY, jo ies mMdr qoN iek sO mItr pihly, dirAw srXU dy kMFy „qy hY)[

AlmoVw
bwgySvr  qoN  gurU  nwnk  swihb  AlmoVw  (70  iklomItr  dUr)  v`l  cly  gey[ AlmoVw bhuq aucweI „qy A`j iek bhuq v`fw ngr hY[ kdy ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc (AlmoVw Qwxw dy iblkul nyVy), mh`lw tmtw ivc, iek „mMjI swihb‟ huMdw sI; pr hux auh iek Kolw bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy aus „qy iksy hor dw kbzw hY[ mukwmI is`KW ny AlmoVw bs A`fy dy kol, ilMk rof „qy, iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw hY[

AlmoVw ivc pVwA kr ky gurU jI (91 iklomItr dUr) hldvwnI vl gey; gurU jI qy Swied nYnIqwl vI gey hoxgy ikauNik ieh AlmoVw Aqy hldvwnI dy ivckwr AwauNdw hY: (AlmoVw- nYnIqwl 62 iklomItr Aqy (hldvwnI -nYnIqwl 29 iklomItr)[ ienHW dohW jgh „qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY[ ies ielwky ivc bhuq swry is`K Awbwd hn qy ienHW jgh „qy lokl gurduAwry mOjUd hn[

rITw swihb dw s`co s`c
hldvwnI qoN huMdy hoey gurU nwnk swihb ipMf cOVw ip`qw (mOjUdw rITw swihb vwlI jgh „qy) pu`jy[ ie`Qy, ipMf dy hyTW, do ndIAW lDIAw Aqy rqIAw dw sMgm hY; gurduAwrw ipMf dy hyTW, ienW ndIAW dy kMFy „qy bixAw hoieAw hY[ rITw swihb dw k`cw rsqw, phwVIAW Aqy ndIAW dy kMiFAW rwhIN, 60 kU iklomItr hY; pr p`kI sVk dw rsqw bhuq lMmw bxdw hY[ ies jgh „qy ayus vyly XogIAW dw iek fyrw sI[ gurU jI ny XogIAW nUM s`c dy Drm dw rsqw d`isAw[ mgroN XogIAW dI mwnqw ^qm ho geI Aqy aunHW dw fyrw vI ^qm ho igAw[ hux gurduAwry dI rIs-brIsy aunHW ny vI jogI Fyr nwQ dy nW „qy iek m`T/fyrw/mMdr bxwieAw hY pr aus ivc hux bwhr qoN koeI vI XwqrU nhIN AwauNdw; kuJ ipMf vwsI kdy-kdy pUjw zrUr krdy hn[ ieh auh ielwkw hY ijQy ielwky ivc koeI ^urwk nw iml skx kwrn  gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ny jMglI Pl, kMd mUl, rIiTAW dy Pl (ieh rITy pUrI qrHW im`Ty nhIN hn pr kOVy nw hox kr ky ienHW nUM im`Ty ikhw jWdw hY) Aqy p`qy KwDy[ (Swied ieh kMd mUl qy rITy vZYrw Kwx qoN hI mgroN iksy lyKk ny gurU swihb v`loN rITy im`Ty krn dI „krwmwq‟ dI khwxI GV leI hovgI)[

mOjUdw gurduAwrw rITw swihb dI iemwrq 1970 qoN bwAd dI hY[ pihlW ie`Qy iek in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb huMdw sI; pr 1929-30 ivc hldvwnI dy kuJ pMjwbI vpwr dy islisly ivc ieDr Awey; aunHW ivcoN Awsw isMG qy bYswKI rwm ny eyQy h`tI pw leI[ kuJ icr mgroN aunHW ny iek mukwmI vwsI lwl nwQ qoN jogIAW dy fyry dy nwl dI jgh ^rId leI Aqy hOlI-hOlI iek k`cI ijhI (tIn dI C`q vwlI) iemwrq bxw ky iek gurduAwrw bxw ilAw[ aus vyly ies dy pujwrI audwsI swDU sn[ 1970 qoN mgroN is`KW ny kuJ hor zmIn ^rId leI Aqy ieh gurduAwrw nwnkm`qw dI kmytI dy ieMqzwm ivc Aw igAw[ hux cOVw ip`qw dw nW „rITw swihb‟ vDyry jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ hOlI-hOlI gurduAwry dI iemwrq vI v`fI huuMdI geI[ hux kInIAw dI sMgq ny iek srW vI bxw id`qI hY[ 2000 sMn dy nyVy qyVy, ies gurduAwry „qy Swm isMG nW dy iek fyrydwr ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[

ies ielwky ivc keI pwsy rIiTAW dy kuJ dr^q mOjUd hn[ gurduAwry ivc iek purwxy dr^q dw su`kw qxw riKAw hoieAw hY ijs bwry dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik ieh gurU swihb dy vyly dy dr^q dI inSwnI hY[auN\ hux gurduAwry ivc kuJ dr^q nvyN lgw id`qy gey hn (2 dr^q muK gyt „qy Aqy 4-5 ip`Cly pwsy; pr ienHW swirAW bUitAW dy rITy kOVy hn, im`Ty nhIN)[ ies gurduAwry ivc Awaux vwlIAW sMgqW nUM rIiTAW dw Pl nUM „pRSwd‟ dy nw „qy id`qw jWdw hY; ieh rITy aunHW lokW qoN KrIdy jWdy hn ijnHW dIAW zmInW ivc rIiTAW dy dr^q hn[ sB qoN vD rITy iek zmINdwr qoN KrIdy jWdy hn, ijs dI gurduAwry qoN 5 kU iklomItr pihlW hY Aqy aus kol im`Ty rIitAW vwly iek-do dr^q hn, jo bhuq Pl dyNdy hn; auh kmytI nUM fyF qoN do rupY dw iek rITw vycdw hY[ (ie`Qy jgh ^rId ky hux gurduAwrw „qy kwbz swD ny „nwnk vwVI‟ nW „qy iek bwZ lwieAw hY ijs ivc im`Ty rIiTAW dy dr^q lwaux dI koiSS kIqI jw rhI hY)[ ieh vI crcw hY ik ijs swD dw gurduAwry „qy kbzw hY auh rIiTAW nUM KMf dI cwSnI nwl im`Tw kr ky „pRSwd‟ vjoN dyNdw hY[ rITw swihb vwlI khwxI kdoN GVI geI, ieh ikhw nhIN jw skdw[ ieh swKI bwly vwlI jnmswKI, imhrbwn vwlI jnmswKI, BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwx vwlI jnmswKI (drAsl srUp isMG inrmlw dI ilKI) jW ivlwieq vwlI jnmswKI jW iksy vI purwxy somy ivc nhIN imldI[ ivlwieq vwlI jnmswKI ivc „nwnkm`qw‟ vwlI swKI zrUr mOjUd hY[ ieM\ hI bwlw jnmswKI ivc Fwky v`l iek jgh „qy gurU jI Aqy mrdwny v`loN KKVIAW Kw ky Awhwr krn dw izkr zrUr imldw hY[

rITw swihb jwx vwsqy do rsqy hn: (1) kwSIpur, rudrpur, nwnkm`qw v`loN KtImw, tnkpur, cMpwvq, lohwGwt, dUnwGwt huMdy hoey rITw swihb, qkrIbn 200 iklomItr (2) hldvwnI qoN kwTgodwm, BImqwl, rITw swihb, qkrIbn 158 iklomItr [

(a)nwnk m`qw qoN rITw swihb: KtImw (19), tnkpur (25), cMpwvq (81), lohw Gwt (24) Aqy ie`QoN rITw swihb 52 iklomItr hY[ rsqw ^qrnwk phwVIAW vwlw hox kr ky lok svyry 4 vjy cl ky vwips vI Aw skdy hn pr dyr nwl clx vwilAW nUM rwq rITw swihb Tihrnw pYNdw hY[ (A) hldvwnI qoN rITw swihb: (kwTgodwm 8, BImqwl 18, rITw swihb 142); ieh rsqw muSikl hY ikauN ik ies pwsy trYi&k qy shUlqW Gt hn[ nYnIqwl qoN rITw swihb 129 iklomItr hY[

nwnk m`qw
rITw swihb vwlI QW qoN cl ky gurU swihb (sVk rwhIN 185 iklomIr dUr, pr pYdl qkrIbn 50 iklomItr) gorK m`qw gey[ ieh jgh gorK nwQ jogI dy cyilAW dw iek v`fw sYNtr sI[ (ho skdw hY „gorK mq‟ dy lokW dw fyrw jW aunHW dy cyilAW dw ipMf hox kr ky ies ƒ „gorK mqw‟ AwKdy hox[ m`qw l&z vI “m`T” qoN hI bixAw hY, ijs dw ArQ vI „fyrw‟ huMdw hY)[

gurUU nwnk swihb gorK m`qw ivc sqMbr 1508 ivc pu`jy sn[ Awp ie`Qy vI iek rwq Tihry sn[ ie`Qy jogIAW ny gurU swihb ƒ A`g dI DUxI Aqy pIx vwsqy pwxI dyx qoN nWh kr idqI[ gurU swihb ny p`QrW nwl A`g bwlI Aqy kuJ dUr mOjUd bwaulI ivcoN pwxI ilAWdw (ieh bwaulI A`j vI auQy, gurduAwry dy nyVy hI, mOjUd hY)[ ies bwaulI dy nyVy Aj klH iek fYm “nwnk swgr” bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies fYm dw muhwxw gorK (nwnk) m`qw qoN isr& iqMn iklomItr dUr hY (pr ies JIl dw iek isrw gurduAwry dy ip`Cy puj jWdw hY)[ (Aj klH gorK m`qw dw nW vI gurU nwnk swihb dI PyrI dI Xwd krn „nwnk m`qw‟ ho cu`kw hY[ kuJ lokW dw iKAwl hY ik ies QW dw nW „gorK mqw‟ qoN „nwnk mqw‟ audoN bixAw sI jd gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny 1634 ivc ie`Qy Awey sn)[

ies jgh ‟qy jogIAW ny gurU swihb nwl rUhwnIAq dy nukiqAW ‟qy ivcwr kIqI[ aunHW ikhw ik kMn ivc muMdrW pwaux, iKMQw, isM|I, fMfw h`Q ivc r`K ky, mMg-ipMn ky Kwxw qy DUxIAW jgw ky AKOqI qp krnw jog nhIN; jog qW ies dunIAW ivc rih ky mwieAw dI kwl^ qoN bcxw hY[ jogI gurU swihb dIAW dlIlW A`gy lwjvwb ho gey[ Awi^r jogIAW ny hwr mMn leI[ jogIAW nwl kIqI crcw bwry iek Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 730 ‟qy imldw hY:

jogu n iKMQw jogu n fMfY jogu n Bsm cVweIAY] jogu n muMdI mUMif mufwieAY jogu
n isM|I vweIAY] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY] glI jogu n
hoeI] eyk idRsit kir smsir jwxY jogI khIAY soeI] jogu n bwhir mVI mswxI
jogu n qwVI lweIAY] jogu n dyis idsMqir BivAY jogu n qIriQ nweIAY] AMjn
mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY] siqgurU BytY qw shsw qUtY Dwvqu vrij rhweIAY] inJru JrY shj Duin lwgY Gr hI prcw pweIAY] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY] nwnk jIviqAw mir rhIAY AYsw jogu kmweIAY] vwjy bwJhu isM|I vwjY qau inrBau pdu pweIAY] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq qau pweIAY]

nwnkm`qw ivc gurU nwnk swihb iek ip`pl dy dr^q hyTW bYTy sn, auh ip`pl hux ^qm ho cukw hY, pr aus dI jgh „qy kuJ nvIAW Sw^wvW aug peIAW hn[ kuJ bysmJ lok ies ip`pl nUM vI m`Qw tyk dyNdy hn[ nwnkm`qw ivc iek gurduAwrw „du`D vwlw KUh‟ vI bxwieAw hoieAw hY ijs nwl gurU swihb dI pwxI nUM du`D bxwaux dI krwmwq dI JUTI khwxI vI GV leIAW hoeI hY[

kwSIpur
nwnk m`qw qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb qy BweI mrdwnw (105 iklomItr dUr) kwSIpur ngr ivc gey[ ieh vI audoN ihMdUAW dw iek v`fw sYNtr sI[ ie`Qy vI gurU jI ny lokW nUM krm kWf C`f ky AmlI Dwrimk jIvn ijaUx dw sbk id`qw[ kwSIpur ivc Aj-klH bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[

AlmoVw, hldvwnI qy pIlI BIq aunHW idnHW ivc jogIAW dy v`fy sYNtr sn[ ienHW swrIAW jgh qy bhuq swry lok jogIAW nUM C`f ky gurU nwnk swihb dy is`K bxy[

tWfw (nwnkpurI tWfw): izMdgI Aqy mOq Akwl purK dw Bwxw hY kwSIpur qoN cl ky gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw (30 iklomItr dUr) irAwsq rwmpur ivc gey sn[ ies irAwsq ivc iek v`fw ksbw tWfw sI jo aus vyly vxjwirAW dI bsqI sI[

(isr& ies rwmpur vwlw tWfw nUM hI nhIN, blik vxjwirAW dI hr bsqI ƒ tWfw hI AwiKAw jWdw sI[ Aijhw iek tWfw, ijs ƒ „motw tWfw‟ jW „tWfw lubwxw‟ Aqy „KWfw‟ vI kihMdy sn, kSmIr ivc vI hY[ BweI m`Kx Swh vxjwrw (lubwxw) au¤QoN dw rihx vwlw sI[ iek tWfw pMjwb dy izlw huiSAwpur ivc vI hY[ tWfw dw mwAnw hY kw&lw[ aunHW zmwinAW ivc vpwrI Awpxw swmwn aUTW, GoiVAW, K`crW vZYrw ‟qy l`d ky kw&ilAW dy rUp ivc iljwieAw krdy sn qy ieh kw&lw/tWfw kuJ ^ws QWvW ‟qy ruikAw krdw sI[ ieh QWvW vI, vkq bIqx nwl, tWfw vjoN jwxIAW jwx lg peIAW sn)[

jdoN gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw tWfw pu`jy qW au~QoN dy lok iek v`fy vxjwry (vpwrI) dy Gr bytw jMmx dy jSn mnw rhy hn[ gurU swihb aus jgh kol ruky qy bwxI dw kIrqn SurU kr id`qw[ vxjwry AwpxI ^uSI ivc eyny msq sn ik aunHW ny AwpxI „mOj msqI‟ ivc gurU swihb Aqy mrdwny dw zrw vI iKAwl nw kIqw[ ie`q&wk nwl vxjwry ijs b`cy dI KuSI mn rhy sn, auh ausy idn hI mr igAw[ aunHW smiJAw ik gurU swihb ƒ nzr-AMdwz krn kr ky b`cy dI mOq ho geI sI[ vxjwirAW ny gurU swihb ƒ FUMifAw Aqy AwpxI Bu`l b^SweI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ smJwieAw ik “izMdgI Aqy mOq vwihgurU dy b^Sy hoey hn[ ienswn ƒ ijMny swh

vwihgurU ny b^Sy hn, Eny swh pUry kr ky ienswn ny tur jwxw hY[” tWfw ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw nwnkpurI tWfw‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ pr ie`Qy vI gurU swihb dI PyrI dy sbMD ivc mnGVq khwxIAW GV leIAW geIAW hn ijnHW muqwibk eyQoN dy nvwb ny gurU jI nUM kYd kr ilAw Aqy Zulwm vWg vyc id`qw qy iPr gurU jI nUM c`kI pIsxI peI (qy iek hor krwmwq ik c`kI Awpy c`lx lg peI)[ iPr iek krwmq pwxI suk jwx kwrn KUhW ivc pwxI ilAwaux dI vI GV leI geI sI[ ieM\ hI iek khwxI ByfW dy mr jwx „qy aus nUM izMdw kr dyx dI khwxI vI GVI geI hY[ ienHW mnGVq swKIAW dy nW „qy ie`Qy keI gurduAwry hor vI bxw ley gey hn: c`kI swihb, mwr jIvwlw swihb, Gwt swihb vZYrw[

audoN gurU swihb kuJ idn vxjwirAW dy tWfy ivc rhy sn Aqy au~QoN AX`uiDAw vl ƒ cly gey sn[ gurduAwrw nwnkpurI tWfw dw bwg vwlw ih`sw ih`sw izlHw rwmpur (XU.pI), Gwt swihb brylI izlHw (XU.pI) ivc Aqy gurduAwrw dI muK iemwrq izlHw aUDm isMG ngr (auqrwKMf) ivc hY; Xwin hux ieh ipMf iqMn izilHAW Aqy do sUibAW dw sMgm hY[

tWfw qoN murwdwbwd
tWfw qoN gurU nwnk swihb murwdwbwd v`l gey[ murwdwbwd ivc id`lI bweI pws „qy, tol bUQ qoN iek iklomItr dUr (K`by h`Q), kdy jogIAW dw fyrw huMdw sI[ gurU swihb ny jogIAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ hux ies QW „qy audwsIAW dw fyrw hY pr nzdIk hI, v`fI sVk dy nyVy, gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw nwnk vwVI bxwieAw igAw hY[ ies qoN 2 iklomItr dUr ipMf rqngVH hY[ ies jgh vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw rqngVH bxwieAw igAw hY[ie`Qy gurU jI dw ie`QoN dy rwjw rqn rwey nwl myl hoieAw sI[

gurU nwnk swihb murwdwbwd qoN brylI, pIlIBIq qoN A`gy KutIr kol plIhW (kiVAwlw Gwt) (murwdwbwd qoN 215 iklomItr) vI gey sn[ auQy vI gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[

golw gokrn nwQ
ies mgroN gurU nwnk swihb golw ngr (KutIr qoN golw gokrn nwQ 25 iklomItr) ivc ruky[ hux ies ngr nUM golw gokrn nwQ vI kihMdy hn (ihMdU imQhws muqwibk ie`Qy rwvx AwieAw sI qy aus kol „iSv ilMg‟ sI, ijs nUM zor nwl Gu`tx kwrn aus „qy gW dy kMn (go krn= gW dw kMn) vrgw inSwn pY igAw sI; ijs kwrn ieQy „go-krn nwQ‟ nW dw mMdr bxw id`qw igAw sI; ngr dw nW aus mMdr dy nW „qy hY)[ golw, A`j dy KyVI izly dw, iek v`fw ksbw hY[ iksy vyly ieh ksbw buD Drm dw iek v`fw sYNtr irhw sI[ kdy gMgw dirAw golw dy nyiVEN lMGdw huMdw sI[ iPr dirAw ny vihx bdl ilAw qy ksby dI mhwnqw vI Gt geI[ kdy golw ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek in`kw ijhw „mMjI sihb‟ huMdw sI pr hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY[ hW, Sihr ivc is`KW dy kuJ Gr hn qy aunHW ny iek lokl gurduAwrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY pr aunHW nUM gurU nwnk swihb dy auQy jwx dw koeI pqw qk nhIN hY[ (rwmpur tWfw qoN rudrpur 73 Aqy rudrpur qoN golw 169 iklomItr hY; pIlIBIq qoN golw 84 iklomItr dUr hY)[

sIqwpur
golw qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb sIqwpur gey (golw gokrn nwQ qoN sIqwpur 80 iklomItr)[ ies ngr dw mu`F rwjw ivkrmidqIAw ny bMinAw sI; Aqy imQhwsk ikqwb „rwmwiex‟ muqwibk sIqw dw jnm iesy jgh hoieAw sI (iesy kr ky jgh dw nW „sIqwngr‟ hY)[ iek hor irhwvieq muqwibk irSI vyd ivAws ny purwn ies jgh dy nyVy hI (nYmISrixAw ivc) ilKy sn[ieh ngr ihMdUAW dy 5 DwmW (sB qoN pivqr ngrw) ivcoN iek hY[ ie`Qy gurU jI ny lokW nUM imQhws „coN inkl ky r`b dw s`cw Drm ijaUx dI isiKAw id`qI[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw nImsr‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[

AXu`iDAw: hom X`g qy qp`isAw dw Brm qoVnw
sIqwpur qo gurU nwnk swihb AXuiDAw (sIqwpur qoN AXoiDAw 210 iklomItr) nUM cl pey[ ijs idn Awp AXu`iDAw phuMcy aus idn 19 AkqUbr 1508 dI qwrI^ sI[

jdoN gurU swihb AXu`iDAw phuMcy qW lok X`g kr rhy sn[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ smJwieAw ik Xg, hom, qp, rsmI pUjw jW AKOqI qp`isAw dy nW „qy ijsm ƒ duK dyxw, mukqI nhIN dyNdy[ isr& vwihgurU ƒ cyqy r`Kx qy sicAwr dI izMdgI jIx nwl hI (jnm mrx dy fr qoN) mukqI imldI hY[ gurU swihb ny ies mOky ‟qy iek slok aucwirAw:

jgn, hom, puMn, qp, pUjw, dyh duKI, inq dUK shY]
rwm nwm ibnu mukiq n pwvis mukiq nwim gurmuiK lhY] (s&w 1127)

kuJ lokW ny ies Sbd ƒ sux ky rwm dw mqlb imQhwsk rcnw „rwmwiex‟ dw nwiek smiJAw[ ijs ‟qy gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ disAw ik mYN „rwmwiex‟ ikqwb dy rwjy rwm cMdr dw nW jpx vwsqy nhIN blik prmwqmw dw nW jpx vwsqy ikhw hY[ prmwqmw hr QW „rimAw‟ hoieAw hY[ ies kr ky aus Akwl purK ƒ „rmeIAw‟ Aqy „rwm‟ vI kihMdy hW[ rwjw dSrQ ny r`b dy iesy nW kwrn Awpxy puqr dw nW rwm rK id`qw hovygw[ dSrQ dw pu`qr rwm iek v`fw rwjw BwvyN hovygw pr auh pRmwqmw nhIN sI[ hW aus dw nW pRmwqmw dy iek nW vrgw zrUr sI[AXuiDAw ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc “gurduAwrw bRhm kuMf”, bixAw hoieAw hY[ mgroN ie`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI gey sn[

tWfw (izlHw AwzmgVH)
gurU swihb kuJ idn AXuiDAw rhy qy iPr ie`QoN A`gy v`l cl pey[Awp sB qoN pihlW tWfw (AXuiDAw qoN 59 iklomItr dUr) tWfw nW dy iek hor ngr ivc vI ruky (ieh rwmpur vwly tWfy qoN vKrw hY qy &Yzwbwd izlHw ivc hY)[ aus vyly ieQy koeI ngr nhIN sI Aqy ieh dirAw dw p`qn sI ij`Qy vpwrIAW dI mMfI ligAw krdI sI[ hOlI-hOlI ie`Qy AbwdI vsxI SurU ho geI qy ieh Sihr vsxw SurU ho igAw[ ie`Qy kdy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „mMjI swihb‟ sI; hux auh mOjUd nhIN hY[

inzwmwbwd
tWfw ivc kuJ idn rihx mgroN gurU swihb pRXwg v`l cl pey[ tWfw qoN 80 iklomItr dUr rsqy ivc Awp ny inzwmwbwd ivc pVwA kIqw[ ieh ngr qmsw ndI dy kMFy „qy v`isAw hoieAw hY[ inzwmwbwd ivc Akbr dy vyly dw iek purwxw iklHw vI hY[ iksy vyly inzwmwbwd ivc iqMn gurduAwry huMdy sn: „gurduAwrw bVI sMgq‟, „gurduAwrw CotI sMgq‟ Aqy „Akwl buMgw‟[ ies gurduAwry dI bhuq swrI zmIn vI qy XU.pI. srkwr ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[

ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb ny qmsw ndI dy kMFy „qy lokW nUM s`cy Drm dI isiKAw id`qI sI[ ies jgh „qy ^UbsUrq gurduAwrw „CotI sMgq‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies jgh gurU Amr dws jI dy bMs ivcoN ikRpwl dws B`lw nW dw iek S^s keI swl irhw sI[ aus dw pu`qr swDU isMG Aqy aus dw pu`qr sumyr isMG (jo mgroN ptnw swihb gRMQI bx ky vI irhw sI) bhuq smW eyQy hI rhy sn[ sumyr isMG dI qW mOq vI eyQy hI hoeI sI[ sumyr isMG B`lw dI dosqI ptnw swihb dy gRMQI su`Kw isMG inrmlw Aqy aus dy swQIAW nwl bhuq sI[ ies kr ky auh inrmlw swDUAW dw cylw bx igAw sI[ ies ny ptnw Aqy inzwmwbwd ivc rih ky su`Kw isMG qy aus dy inrmly swQIAW dIrcnw „bicqr nwtk‟(ijs nUM kuJ swlW qoN kuJ lok „dsmgRMQ‟ vI kihx lgpey hn) dy bhuq swryauqwry vI krvwey sn, ijnHW ivcoN kuJie`Qy mOjUd hn[ ies qoN ielwvw gurU gRMQswihb dy kuJ h`Q ilKq srUp vI ie`Qy mOjUd hn; ieh swrIAW KwrI bIV dy auqwry hn Aqy ienHW dw smW aunIvIN sdI dw hY[[

(inzwmwbwd AwzmgVH izlHy ivc hY qy AwzmgVH qoN 25 iklomItr dUr Aqy rwxI kI srwey (rylvy jMkSn) qoN 8 iklomItr dUr hY)[ inzwmwbwd dy nyVy imQhwsk ihMdU irSI durbwsw Aqy d`qw qrY dy mMdr vI mOjUd hn[

pRXwg/Alwhwbwd
inzwmwbwd ivc keI idn rihx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb pRXwg (ies ƒ hux Alwhbwd AwiKAw jWdw hY) vl cl pey[ ies s&r 161 iklomItr hY[ pRXwg jWidAW gurU swihb rwh ivc JUsI ngr ivc ruky[bnwrs qoN pihlW Awp kuJ smW JUsI ngr ivc Tihry (JUsI ngr ivc kdy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek „mMjI swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw sI)[ eyQy vI Awp ny lokW ƒ rUhwnIAq dw Aqy cMgy ienswn bxn dw sbk idqw[ JUsI qoN Awp pRXwg pu`jy[ Awp pRXwg ivc dsbMr 1508 ivc pu`jy sn[ pRXwg ivc, mgroN, nONvyN qy dsvyN nwnk vI gey sn[ pRXwg (Alwhwbwd) ivc AhIAwpur muh`ly ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw sI, ijs nUM inrmilAW ny „qp AsQwn‟ dw nW dy id`qw sI (hwlW ik is`K &ls&y ivc AKoqI „qp‟ nUM r`d kIqw hoieAw hY)[ pr hux ies „qy isr& gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dw nW hI iliKAw hoieAw hY Aqy sMgqW Aqy gurduAwrw kmytI nUM ieh vI nhIN pqw ik gurU nwnk jI vI eyQy Awey sn (hwlW ik purwxIAW swrIAW ilKqW ivc ieh imldw hY)[ ies gurduAwry „qy inrmly swDUAW dw kbzw hY; ieh auhI swDU hY ijhVw Cqr Julvw ky 2013 dy kuMB dy myly ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[

kwSI/bnwrs/vwrwnsI

pRXwg qoN gurU swihb bnwrs v`l gey (bnwrs ƒ Aj klH vwrwnsI AwKdy hn)[ ieh s&r qkrIbn 125 iklomItr hY[ bnwrs ƒ audoN “kwSI” vI AwKdy sn[

vwrwnsI ivc sB qoN muK mMdr ivSvnwQ mMdr (imQhwsk dyvqy iSv dy nW ‟qy) hY; ies nUM 13vIN sdI ivc muhMmd gOrI ny Fwh id`qw sI; ies dI mOjUdw iemwrq bhuq mgroN bxI sI[ bRwhmx qy fogry vzIrW dy kihx „qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies mMdr vwsqy 36 l`K rupY dw sonw id`qw sI (jo drbwr swihb „qy l`gy sony qoN keI guxw vD sI); mgroN aus ivcoN bhuqw sonw hOlI-hOlI pujwrIAW ny auqwr ky hVp kr ilAw sI [

19 &rvrI 1509 dy idn gurU nwnk swihb bnwrs ivc sn[ bnwrs ivc ijs jgh gurU swihb ny pVwA kIqw sI aus ielwky ƒ „km`Cw‟ AwKdy hn[ ieh jgh bnwrs rylvy stySn qoN fyF iklomItr dUr hY[ eyQy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc bhuq v`fw „gurduAwrw gurU dw bwg‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[

bnwrs ivc gurU jI keI idn rhy[ ie`Qy pWifAW (bRwhmxW) ny gurU swihb nwl keI vwr bihs kIqI[ iek vwr jdoN aunHW ny AwpxI ikqwbI vwk&I (igAwn) dw idKwvw kIqw qW gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ smJwieAw ik „ikqwbI ielm rsqw hY,A^Ir nhIN[ jy ikqwbW pVn mgroN Aml nw kIqw jwey qW auh swrw ielm &zUl hY[‟

ie`Qy bnwrs ivc hI gurU swihb dI iek bVy pVyH-ilKy pWfy cqur dws nwl glbwq hoeI[ pWfw AwKx lgw, “gurU swihb nw quhwfy kol qulsI mwlw hY, nw quhwfy m`Qy qy cMdn dw it`kw l`gw hY, nw swlgrwm (p`Qr dI mUrqI) hY, iPr qusIN kwhdy Bgq ho?” gurU swihb ny cqur dws ƒ smJwieAw ik “idKwvy qy krm kWf dw nW BgqI nhIN hY[ mwlw, it`kw qy swlgrwm qW idKwvw hn qy ieh bgly pMCI vwlw kMm hY[” ies mOky ‟qy gurU swihb ny iek Sbd gWivAw:

swlgRwm ibp pUij mnwvhu suik®qu qulsI mwlw] rwm nwmu jip byVw bWDhu dieAw krhu dieAwlw] kwhy klrw isMchu jnmu gvwvhu] kwcI Fhig idvwl kwhy gcu lwvhu] kr hirht mwl itMf provhu iqsu BIqir mnu jovhu] AMimRqu isMchu Brhu ikAwry qau mwlI ky hovhu] kwmu k®oDu duie krhu bsoly gofhu DrqI BweI] ijau gofhu iqau qum@ suK pwvhu ikrqu n myitAw jweI] bguly qy Puin hMsulw hovY jy qU krih dieAwlw] pRxviq nwnku dwsin dwsw dieAw krhu dieAwlw] (ieh Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 1171 ‟qy drj hY)[

bnwrs ivc keI pMfq gurU nwnk swihb dy is`K bx gey[ iek vwr Awp ƒ iek pMfq ny pu`iCAw “gurU swihb swfy AMdr igAwn dw hMkwr vI hY jo imtdw nhIN[” gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ d`isAw ik ies dw kwrn ieh hY ik qusIN ividAw hwisl krdy ho ivcwrdy (ijaUNdy) nhIN[” gurU nwnk swihb ny lokW ƒ smJwieAw ik „igAwn‟ hwisl krn qoN vD zrUrI „krm‟ (Aml krnw) hY[

bnwrs ivc hI gurU jI ny pWifAW vloN pwey „sUqk‟ (Apiv`qrqw) dy Brm ƒ qoiVAw:

jykir sUqku mMnIAY sB qY sUqku hoie] gohy AqY lkVI AMdir kIVw hoie] jyqy dwxy AMn ky jIAw bwJu n koie] pihlw pwxI jIau hY ijqu hirAw sBu koie] sUqku ikaukir rKIAY sUqku pvY rsoie] nwnk sUqku eyv n auqrY igAwnu auqwry Doie]mn kw sUqku loBu hY ijhvw sUqku kUVu] AKI sUqku vyKxw pr iqRA pr Dn rUpu] kMnI sUqku kMin pY lwieqbwrI Kwih] nwnk hMsw AwdmI bDy jmpuir jwih] sBo sUqku Brmu hY dUjY lgY jwie] jMmxu mrxw hukmu hY BwxY AwvY jwie] Kwxw pIxw pivqRü hY idqonu irjku sMbwih] nwnk ijn@I gurmuiK buiJAw iqn@w sUqku nwih] ieh Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb ivc s&w 472 ‟qy drj hY)[

bnwrs ivc gurU nwnk swihb Bgq kbIr (mOjUdw bnwrs ivc lihr qwrw ielwky ivc) dy Gr vI gey[ (kbIr jI dI mOq mghr ipMf ivc hoeI sI) kbIr jI dy jnm AsQwn vwlI jgh „qy iek bhuq v`fw mMdr bixAw hoieAw hY jo aunHW dI

Xwdgwr dI jgh ies iemwrq nUM bxwaux vwly swDU dI Xwdgwr vDyry jwpdI hY)[ iek rwq Bgq kbIr dy Gr rihx mgroN gurU swihb, BweI mrdwnw qy Bgq

kbIr jI iek`Ty bwbw rivdws dy ipMf (sIr govrDn) vI gey[ ies mOky ‟qy bwbw rivdws Aqy Bgq kbIr ny gurU nwnk swihb ƒ Awpxw ausqwd Dwrn kIqw[ ies vyly bwbw rivdws dI aumr 90-95 swl, Bgq kbIr dI 55 ku swl qy gurU nwnk swihb dI 40 swl sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny Bgq rivdws ƒ “bwbw rivdws” dI pdvI idqI[ is`KW ivc „bwbw‟ kih ky siqkwry jwx dw mwx gurU nwnk swihb qoN ielwvw pihlW Bgq rivdws ƒ qy iPr bwbw bu`Fw ƒ imilAw sI[ bnwrs qoN jwx qoN pihlW Bgq kbIr jI qy Bgq rivdws jI dI Bgq bwxI guru swihb ny AwpxI poQI „c drj kIqI[

hux rivdws jI dy jnm AsQwn vwlI jgh „qy jlMDr dy nyVy dy ipMf b`lW dy fyry vwilAW dw kbzw hY qy aunHW ny ie`QoN gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp htw ky iek nvIN ikqwb r`K id`qI hY ijs kwrn hux ie`Qy is`K jwxoN ht gey hn Aqy ie`Qy bhuq smW aujwV hI rihMdw hY[

cMdOlI
bnwrs qoN tur ky gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ny pihlw pVwA cMdOlI ksby ivc kIqw[ cMdOlI bnwrs qoN 40 iklomItr (Aqy muZl srwey qoN 25 iklomItr) dUr hY[ iksy zmwny ivc ieh Sihr bVI v`fI irAwsq dI rwjDwnI sI[ Aj vI auQy AwlISwn eImwrqW dy Qyh nzr AwauNdy hn[ cMdOlI ivc sYNkVy lok gurU swihb dy drSn krn Awey[ aunHW ivc cMdOlI dw rwjw hir nwQ vI sI[ rwjw hir nwQ ny gurU swihb dI sMgq kIqI qy aunHW qoN s`cy Drm dI isiKAw leI[ aus ny gurU swihb qoN is`KI dw dwn mMigAw[ rwjy ny ^wihS zwihr kIqI ik auh rwj g`dI C`f ky gurU swihb dy nwl jwxw cwhuMdw hY[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ disAw ik is`K Drm “rwj ivc jog, qy jog ivc rwj” isKwauNdw hY[ ieh mIrI-pIrI dw &ls&w hY[ rwjw hkUmq kridAW vI jogI bx skdw hY[ lokW dI izMdgI byhqr bxwaux vwlw rwjw jogI hI huMdw hY[ Aijhy rwjy ƒ hI lok ipAwr dyNdy hn Aqy vyKidAW hI SrDw nwl isr JukWauNdy hn[ aunHW AwiKAw ik auh kwhdw sulqwn (rwjw) hY jo “slwm ivhUxw” (ijs ƒ lok iezq nw dyx) huMdw hY[ ies sbMDI iek Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb qy s&w 354 ‟qy imldw hY:

duD ibnu Dynu, pMK ibnu pMKI, jl ibnu auqBuj kwim nwhI] ikAw sulqwnu slwm ivhUxw, AMDI koTI qyrw nwmu nwhI]

cMdOlI ivc kdy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; hux nw qW rwjy dy mhl Aqy iklHy dIAW inSwnIAW bcIAW hn Aqy nw hI koeI gurduAwrw mOjUd hY[

gXw : „ipMf Brn‟ ƒ r`d krnw

cMdOlI qoN cl ky gurU swihb kuJ icr (90 iklomItr dUr) swswrwm ngr ivc ivc ruky qy Pyr (134 iklomItr dUr) gXw vl cly gey[

gXw iksy vyly boDIAW dw iek bVw v`fw sYNtr sI; Aj-klH aus nUM bOD gXw kihMdy hn jo gXw qoN 13 iklomItr dUr hY[ pihlW qW ihMdUAW ny boDIAW ƒ bOD gXw ngr qoN k`F ky eyQy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI, pr iPr boDIAW ny AwpxI jgh vwips lY leI sI[ vkq bIqx dy nwl ihMdUAW ny gXw ivc Awpxy mMdr bxw ley[ ihMdUAW ny, boDIAW vWg, ip`pl dy drKq dI pUjw vI SurU kr idqI[ pihloN ihMdU ip`pl dI pUjw nhIN krdy sI[ boDI ip`pl dI pUjw ies kr ky krdy sI ikauNik buD ƒ igAwn iek ip`pl hyTW bYiTAW hI hwisl hoieAw sI[ kuJ ihMdU lyKkW ny boDIAW ƒ ip`pl qoN htwaux vwsqy ieh vI prcwirAw ik buD ƒ igAwn iek ip`pl nhIN bohV dy hyTW imilAw sI[ boDIAW dy zvwl (inGwr) mgroN hOlI-hOlI ihMdUAW ny Awpxy ip`qrW dy ipMf krvwaux vwsqy, gXw vI jwxw SurU kr idqw[

gurU swihb pihlI ivswK dy idn, 27 mwrc 1509 nUM gXw pu`jy sn[ gXw jw ky gurU swihb PlgU dirAw dy kMFy ‟qy ruky[ jdoN Awp auQy dyaU Gwt „qy bYTy sn qW kuJ pWfy Awp kol Awey Aqy gurU swihb ƒ AwKx lgy ik qusIN vI Awpxy ip`qrW dI mukqI krvw lvo[ gurU swihb ny pWifAW ƒ disAw ik ip`qrW dy „ipMf Brvwaux‟ jW dIvy jgwaux dw krm kWf bymwAnw hYy[ ienswn vwsqy qW r`b dw nW hI dIvw (igAwn) hY Aqy aus dw nW jpxw (aus igAwn nUM Aml ivc ilAwauxw) hI ipMf Brvwauxw hY[ ieM\ gurU swihb ny pWifAW dy mnW dw hnyrw dUr kIqw[ isAwxy pWfy

gurU swihb dy is`K bx gey qy aunHW ipMf Brn/Brvwaux dw pwKMf vI bMd kr idqw[ gXw ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc “gurduAwrw dyau Gwt” bixAw hoieAw sI[ ies gurduAwry dI pihlI eImwrq audwsI prcwrk bwbw Almsq ny bxweI sI; ies kr ky ies gurduAwry ‟qy audwsIAW dw kbzw irhw sI[ mgroN aunHW ny gurduAwrw bMd kr id`qw qy irhwieS bxw leI[ hux auh eImwrq F`T rhI hY[ ies Sihr ivc lokl is`KW ny iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY[

(not: bnwrs qoN gXw (swswrwm rwhIN) 262 iklomItr dUr hY Aqy cMdOlI qoN 220 iklomItr dUr hY[ gXw qoN ptnw 105 iklomItr qy nwlMdw 82 iklomItr dUr hY)[

ptnw qy hwjIpur
gurU swihb kuJ idn gXw rhy Aqy iPr (105 iklomItr dUr) ptnw/hwjIpr vl cl pey[rsqy ivc Awp ny nwlMdw XUnIvristI dy Qyh vI vyKy[ gurU swihb dy zmwny ivc A`j dw ptnw Sihr nhIN huMdw sI[ ieQy hwjIpur ngr huMdw sI[ hwjIpur gMgw dirAw dy iek pwsy Aqy pwtlIpuqr dirAw dy dUjy pwsy sI[ pwtlIpuqr cMdrgupq morIAw dy zmwny ivc bVw v`fw Sihr sI[ pr jdoN gurU swihb au~Qy pu`jy qW isrP Qyh Aqy KMfr hI rih gey sn[ gurU swihb vyly hwjIpur vI iek v`fw ipMf hI sI[ mgroN Syr Swh sUr ny (jd auh ibhwr dw sUbydwr sI) ies ƒ Awbwd kIqw sI[

A^Ir sqwrvIN sdI ivc ieh kw&I PYl igAw qy ATHwrvIN sdI ivc bhuq v`fw Sihr bx igAw[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb vyly ptnw cMgw v`fw ksbw bx cukw sI[

hwjIpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb ijQy Tihry sI, au~Qy „gurduAwrw gwey Gwt‟ bixAw hoieAw hY jo dirAw qoN bhuqI dUr nhIN hY[ Aj klH ies swry ielwky ƒ „gulzwr bwZ‟ vI kihMdy hn[

hwjIpur (ptnw) ivc iek AmIr bMdy swls rwey jOhrI ny gurU swihb ny Awpxy Gr Kwxy ‟qy bulwieAw[ Kwxy mgroN aus ny gurU swihb ƒ kuJ rkm vI ByNt kIqI[ gurU swihb ny pYsy lYx qoN nWh kr idqI qy ikhw ik PkIr Awpxy nwl pYsw bMnH ky nhIN iljWdy[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ ieh vI disAw ik AwdmI dOlq kr ky v`fw nhIN huMdw, blik rUhwnI ielm hwisl kr ky sicAwr dI izMdgI jIx nwl v`fw huMdw hY[

„nwm‟ vwly kol jo ^zwnw hY, auh rupeIAW dy ^zwny qoN ikqy v`fw hY[ swils rwey jOhrI nUM AwpxI dOlq dw mwx JUTw jwpx lg ipAw[ aus ny gurU jI A`gy isr JukwieAw Aqy gurU swihb qoN „is`KI dy dwn‟ dI mMg kIqI[ iek lyKk muqwibk gurU swihb ny swls rwey jOhrI ƒ AwpxI dsqwr vI Byt kIqI sI pr ieh g`l shI nhIN hY; hW swls rwie gurU nwnk swihb dI isiKAw dw prcwr zrUr krdw irhw sI[

rwjgIr/ rwjigRh
hwjIpur /ptnw qoN cl ky, gurU nwnk swihb qy BweI mrdwnw prwcIn ngrW rwj igRh (hux ies nUM rwj gIr kihMdy hn) Aqy muMgyr vI gey[ rwjgIr mgD/mOrIAw rwj dI pihlI rwjDwnI sI (mgroN Ajwq CqrU ny pwtlIpuqr/ptnw nUM rwjDwnI bxw ilAw sI)[ eyQy rwijAW dy mihl hox kr ky ies dw nW rwj gRih bx igAw sI[ hux ieh iek in`kw ijhw ksbw hY pr ieQy bhuq swrIAW pRwcIn QWvW mOjUd hn[ rwjgIr ivc ihMdUAW dw „qpobn qIrQ‟ hY ij`Qy iek grm pwxI dw cSmw „bRhm kuMf‟ vI hY ijs ivc Aj-klH muslmwnW Aqy eIsweIAW dy jwx dI mnwhI kIqI hoeI hY[ gurU nwnk swihb ny ies kuMf dy nyVy bYT ky lokW nUM s`c Drm dw rsqw d`isAw sI[

rwj gIr ivc is`KW nwl sbMDq do jgh hn: iek bRhm kuMf dy nyVy jo inrmilAW ny bxweI hoeI hY (pr auQy qwlw l`gw rihMdw hY) Aqy ies qoN do kU sO mItr dUr iek lokl gurduAwrw vI bixAw hoieAw hY jo iek rItweIrf &OjI ny bxwieAw hY[

rwjgIr ivc ibMbswr rwjy dw iklHw, Ajwq CqrU rwjy dI jylH (ijs ivc aus ny Awpxy ipqw ibMbswr nUM kYd r`iKAw sI) qy boDIAW dw pRwcIn m`T, ipplI kwvw, vlcrz cotI vZYrw vyKx vwlIAW QwvW hn[ (rwjgIr ptnw qoN 93 iklomItr dUr hY)[

muMGyr
rwjigr qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (139 iklomItr dUr) muMGyr ngr gey[ ies ngr ivc mgroN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI gey sn[ ie`Qy kdy gurduAwrw „p`kI sMgq‟ bixAw huMdw sI[ 1877 dy BUcwl nwl ies dI eImwrq ifg peI sI[ Agly swl bwvw rwm audwsI ny ieQy iek nvIN eImwrq bxweI[ hux BwvyN ieQy gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS qW hY pr ie`Qy koeI is`K nhIN rihMdw[ ieQy nwl hI iek mMdr hY qy aus ivc rihx vwly pujwrI gurduAwry dw drvwzw KolH dyNdy hn qy koeI nw koeI is`K XwqrU Aw jWdw hY Aqy m`Qw tyk jWdw hY[ ies iemwrq ivc ihMdU mUrqIAW qy qvsIrW dI Brmwr hY; koeI mirAwdw qy syvw sMBwl nhIN hY[

kTmMfU (nYpwl) Aqy cuMgQMg (iskm):
gurU nwnk swihb ny bMgwl, Aswm, iqbq, nYpwl, iskm dy ielwky ivc keI ielwikAW dw s&r kIqw sI[ jwpdw hY ik Awp muMGyr qoN kTmMfU (465 iklomItr) gey hoxgy[ nYpwl nOvIN sdI ivc hI iek Awzwd mulk bx cukw sI[ kTmMfU ivc gurU jI ApRYl-meI 1509 ivc gey sn[ ie`Qy Awp dy Awaux dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ kTmMfU qoN gurU nwnk swihb iskm gey sn[ iskm ivc cuMgQMg ivc Awp dI Xwd ivc hux iek v`fw gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw hY[ (kTmMfU qoN cuMgQMg is`Dw 731 iklomItr hY; cuMgQMg jwx vwsqy kTmMfU qoN islIguVI 580 qy islIguVI qoN cuMgQMg 165 iklomItr hY)[ gurU nwnk swihb cuMgQMg qoN kwmrUp qy Aswm dy ielwky vl cl pey[

guhwtI (Aswm)
cuMgQMg qoN cl ky gurU swihb guhwtI pu`jy[ Awp 23 AkqUbr 1509 dy idn guhwtI ivc sn[ pihlW ies ngr dw nW jXoiqspur sI[ jdoN gurU swihb au~Qy gey qW auh ielwkw jwdUgrW dy ielwky vjoN mShUr sI[ ieh lok AwpxIAW murwdW pUrIAW krvwaux vwsqy, dyvI dy mMdr ivc, ienswnW dI blI vI idAw krdy sn[ aunHW dI muKI nUrSwh sI, jo jwdUgrnI vjoN jwxI jWdI sI[ jdoN gurU swihb au~Qy pu`jy qW kwmrUp dIAW jwdUgr AOrqW ny, Awpxy AKOqI kwly ielm (AKOqI qWqirk qwkq) dy frwvy dy ky gurU swihb ƒ Awpxy vs ivc ilAwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ jdoN aunHW dw zor nw cilAw qW aunHW BweI mrdwnw ƒ Pswaux dI koiSS kIqI[ jdoN aunHW dw zor BweI mrdwny ‟qy vI nw cilAw qW aunHW ny nwc, gwxy qy rMg qmwSy dw Kyl SurU kIqw[ aunHW dIAW kwmuk hrkqW vI gurU swihb Aqy mhwn rbwbI BweI mrdwnw qy Asr nw kr skIAW[ ies mgroN jwdUgrnIAW ny sonw, hIry qy hor kImqI cIzW dy Fyr lw idqy qy gurU swihb ƒ AwiKAw ik ieh swrI dOlq lY ky isr& eynw ds idE ik ikhVy jwdU dI qwkq nwl qusIN swfI kwmrUp dIAW jwdUgrnIAW dI qwkq byAsr kr idqI hY[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ disAw ik r`b dy nW (rUhwnIAq) dI qwkq dunIAW dI hr qwkq qoN aupr hY[ iehI ie`ko-ie`k jwdU qy qWqirk ielm hY[ dunIAW ivc koeI AKOqI qWqirk ielm nhIN huMdw[ (gurU swihb dI ies PyrI bwry iksy g`pW ilKx lyKk ny ieh ilK idqw ik jwdUgrnIAW ny BweI mrdwnw nUM ByfU bxw ilAw[„ByfU bxwauxw‟ iek muhwvrw hY, Xwin iksy „qy kbzw kr lYxw[ ie`Qy vI BweI mrdwny nUM kYd kIqw d`s ky „ByfU bxwaux‟ dI g`p ilK id`qI geI sI)[ guhwtI ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc koeI qvwrI^I gurduAwrw nhIN hY[

DubVI
guhwtI qoN gurU nwnk swihb DubVI (kwmrUp irAwsq) gey sn[ hux ies swry ielwky ƒ Awswm AwKdy hn qy kwmrUp ies dw iek izlHw hY[ kwmrUp ivc gurU swihb dw muK pVwA ipMf DubVI sI[ Aj DubVI, izlw goAwlpurw dw iek v`fw Sihr hY[DubVI iqMn pwisAW qoN dirAw nwl iGirAw hoieAw hY[ bRhmpuqr qy gfwDr dirAw ies ngr dy duAwly vgdy hn[

DubVI ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry dI pihlI iemwrq gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny 1669-70 ivc bxweI sI[ ies dI auswrI vwsqy rwjpUq Aqy mugl ispwhIAW ny AwpxIAW FwlW ivc im`tI ilAw ky iek it`lw bxwieAw sI qy ies it`ly au~qy gurduAwry dI pihlI iemwrq bxweI geI sI[ hux ies eImwrq dy auqy iek nvI eImwrq auswr id`qI geI hY[ auh ip`pl ijs hyT gurU jI bYTy sn ^qm ho cukw hY qy aus dIAW SwKwvW coN nvW dr^q augwieAw jw irhw hY[ ie`Qy fyF do sO swl purwxI iek hQ ilKq bIV vI peI hY ijhVI iksy KwrI bIV dI nkl hY[ ies ivc keI vrky mgroN icpkwey hoey hn ijnHW „qy koeI nMbr nhIN hY[

ie`Qy vI bhuq mnGVq qy krwmqI khwxIAW pRclq hn ijnHW ivc gurU jI auqy iek Dobx v`loN aunHW „qy iek is`l su`tx dI khwxI vI hY[ ies khwxI muqwibk Dobx dI su`tI is`L gurU jI qk nw puj skI qy zmIn ivc Ds geI[ ieh is`l drAsl keI hzwr swl purwxI zmIn ivc bhuq fUMGI g`fI hoeI hY[ ho skdw iksy hor gRih dw totw (aulkw ipMf) if`gw hovy jo DrqI „c Ds igAw hovy)

{DubVI jwx vwsqy islIguVI, jlpweyguVI, kUc ibhwr qy qU&wn gMj ho ky jwxw pYNdw hY[ islIguVI qk sVk bhuq vDIAw hY pr A`goN jlpweyguVI dy dohIN pwsIN bhuq Krwb hY[ ie`Qo iek syvOk rof (AYn.AYc. 31) dw rsqw bhuq vDIAw hY jo ies ielwky dI sB qoN vDIAw sVk hY[islIguVI qoN DubVI (brsqw jlpweyguVI, kUc ibhwr, qU&wngMj) 220 iklomItr hY}[

mwldw
DubVI qoN gurU nwnk swihb mwldw vl cl pey[ rsqy ivc Awp rMgpur (130 iklomItr) Tihry[ rMgpur hux ieh ngr bMglwdyS dI h`d ivc hY; hux ie`Qy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw jW Xwdgwr nhIN hY[ ie`QoN Awp (175 iklomItr dUr) mwldw pu`jy[

A`j mwldw iek v`fw Sihr hY[ mwldw ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurUAwrw „crn pwdukw‟ swihb bixAw hoieAw hY jo ik purwxy Sihr ivc kw&I AMdr jw ky hY (rsqw qMg hox kr ky Aksr trYi&k dw mslw bx jWdw hY)[ ies gurduAwry ivc iek purwxw KUh hY[ ies qoN ielwvw ie`Qy iek purwxI gwgr Aqy ctwn dI is`l vI r`KI hoeI hY ijs bwry dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik gurU jI nwl vgdI ndI ivcoN ies gwgr ivc pwxI Br ky ies isl „qy bYT ky ieSnwn krdy huMdy sn[

mwldw dI muK sVk (nYSnl hweIvyA) „qy inhMgW ny iek bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY ijs ivc irhwieS dw vI ieMqzwm hY[ (mwldw mShUr Sihr ieMgilS bwzwr qoN isr& 4 iklomItr dUr hY[ ieQoN kolkwqw 325 iklomItr dUr hY[ muMGyr qoN mwldw 300 iklomItr hY)[

Fwkw:
gurU nwnk swihb mwldw qoN Fwkw (382 iklomItr) vl cl pey[ Fwkw dw rsqw swihbgMj, mwldw Aqy rwjwSwhI v`lON ho ky jWdw sI (hux bMglw dyS bx jwx kwrn sVk dw rsqw bMd hY)[

Fwkw, Aj klH bMglw dyS dI rwjDwnI hY[ gurU swihb dy vyly Fwkw ivc iek in`kw ijhw ksbw sI[ ieh Sihr CyvyN pwiqSwh vyly vDyry PYilAw Aqy iek v`fw Sihr bx igAw[ ie`Qy Fwk (ijnHW dw kwZz bxdw hY) dy bhuq dr^q huMdy hn; Swied ies kr ky ies dw nW Fwkw bx igAw hovygw[ iksy zmwny ivc ies QW qy „FkySvrI dw mMdr‟ sI[ Fwky dw nW Swied ies dyvI dy nW kr ky bixAw ho skdw hY[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik koeI bynwm mMdr, Fwkw ngr dy nW kwrn, FkySvrI dyvI dw mMdr bx igAw hovy[ Fwkw ivc gurU swihb Ajoky ryAr bwzwr ivc Tihry sn[

audoN ies ielwky ivc GuimAwrW dy bhuq swry Gr sn[ Fwkw ivc gurU swihb ny bhuq swry bMgwlIAW ƒ is`KI dw igAwn id`qw[ ryAr bwzwr ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk SwhI‟ (Fwkw XUnIvristI dy nyVy) bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihlW ies ngr ivc ies qoN ibnW iek hor gurduAwrw vI sI; hux isr& ie`ko gurduAwrw bicAw hY[

klk`qw (kolkwqw):
Fwkw qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb ny (333 iklomItr dUr), huglI dirAw dy kMFy „qy, A`j dy klk`qw Sihr ivc pVwA kIqw[ (ies dw nW 2001 ivc „kolkwqw‟ kr id`qw igAw sI)[ audoN ie`Qy iek in`kw ijhw ipMf kwlIkwqw huMdw sI; goibMdpur qy suqwnuqI ies dy nwl juVy hoey ipMf sn[ (1698 ivc jd AMgryzW ny ies „qy kbzw kIqw qW aunHW ies nUM iek bMdrgwh vjoN vswauxw SurU kr id`qw[ 1712 ivc aunHW ny &ort ivlIAm iklHw auswirAw qy hOlI hOlI iueh Sihr &Yldw igAw)[

gurU nwnk swihb 2 jnvrI 1510 dy idn kolkwqw ivc pu`jy sn qy kuJ idn ies jgh ibqwey Aqy s`cy Drm dw pRcwr kIqw[ Awp dI Xwd ivc huglI dirAw „qy bxy hwvVw ibRj dy nyVy hI AYm.jI.rof (bVw bwzwr) ivc „gurduAwrw bVw is`K sMgq‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[

Bdrk Aqy jjpur
kolkwqw qoN gurU nwnk swihb ktk Aqy purI (auVIsw, hux EfISw) vl cl pey[ auVIsw ivc gurU swihb dw pihlw pVwA Bdrk (kolkwqw qoN ktk v`l 316 iklomItr dUr Aqy ktk qoN 106 iklomItr pihlW) sI[ Bdrk ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies mgroN gurU jI jjpur (Bdrk qoN ktk v`l 32 iklomItr dUr) ruky[ jjpur ivc vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies ielwky ivc trWsport Aqy vpwr nwl sbMDq bhuq is`K prvwr vsy hoey hn[

ktk
jjpur qoN gurU nwnk swihb (61 iklomItr dUr) ktk pu`jy (audoN ktk iek in`kw ijhw ksbw sI; hux ieh EfISw sUby dI rwjDwnI hY)[ ie`Qy ktk dw rwjw, pRqwp rudr dyv, gurU nwnk swihb nUM imilAw sI[ aus ny kuJ smW gurU jI dI sMgq kIqI qy aunHW dw is`K bx igAw[ gurU jI aus kol kuJ idn rhy sn qy lokW nwl Drm crcw krdy rhy sn[ ktk ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc mhwndI dirAw dy kMFy, ikSqI Gwt ‟qy, iek gurduAwrw „dwqn swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies ƒ kuJ mukwmI lok „kwlIbodw gurduAwrw‟ vI AwKdy sn[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb ny dwqn kr ky zmIn ivc g`f id`qw sI qy auQy iek dr^q aug ipAw sI[ gurduAwry dy ip`Cly pwsy, ndI dy kMFy, iek purwxw dr^q mOjUd hY, ijs nUM gurU jI dy nW nwl joiVAw jWdw hY[ hux iek twhxI gurduAwry dy mUhry lw ky iek nvW dr^q augwieAw igAw hY[ (ies jgh rihx vwsqy ^ubsUrq ieMqzwm hY[ aufIsw gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw muK d&qr vI ieQy hI hY)[

purI (jgn nwQ purI): s`cI AwrqI bwry crcw
jdoN gurU nwnk swihb ktk p`ujy qW aunHW ƒ GroN tuirAW FweI iqMn swl ho cuky sn[ ktk qoN gurU swihb purI ngr dy jgn nwQ mMdr vl cl pey[ aunHIN idnIN ivSƒ dw iek pujwrI cYqMinAw vI aus ielwky ivc GuMm irhw sI[ ieh vI pqw cldw hY ik cYqMinAw ny vI gurU nwnk swihb dy drSn kIqy sn[ gurU swihb 7 jUn 1510 dy idn purI ivc mOjUd sn[

purI dy bwhrvwr iek pWfw rihMdw sI[ auh bhuq piVHAw-iliKAw Aqy cusq sI[ auh bhuq qyz qbIAq dw mwilk vI sI[ lok aus qoN Aksr firAw krdy sI[ aus dI A`l „klXug‟ kr ky mShUr sI[ jdoN klXug ny lokW qoN gurU nwnk swihb dI mihmw suxI qW aus ƒ bVI iKJ AweI[ pihlW qW aus ny rsqy ivc hI gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ƒ frwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr auh kwmXwb nw ho sikAw[

klXug ny ieh pwKMf rcwieAw hoieAw sI ik jd auh A`KW bMd krdw hY qW aus ƒ qYRlokI (Asmwn, dunIAW qy pwqwl) dy drSn ho jWdy hn[ lok aus ƒ v`fI hsqI smJ ky aus dy pwqr (TUTy) ivc pYsy (dwn vjoN) pw dyNdy sn[ iek vwr jd aus ny A`KW bMd kIqIAW qW mrdwny ny aus dw TUTw cu`k ky aus dy ip`Cy rK idqw[ jd aus ny A`KW KolHIAW qW TUTw auQy nw vyK ky ieDr auDr Jwkx lg ipAw[ ies qy gurU swihb ny aus ƒ ikhw ik „qYƒ TUTw qW idsdw nhIN qUµ iqMn lok ikvyN vyK skdw hYN?‟ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ smJwieAw ik pKMf krn dI jgh r`b dI s`cI BgqI krnI cwhIdI hY[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ disAw ik „r`b dw s`cw igAwn hwisl krnw hI qRYlokI ƒ vyKxw hY[„

pWfy klXug ny gurU swihb dI isiKAw sux ky isr JukwieAw Aqy is`KI Dwrn kIqI (aus dy vwirs Aj vI Awpxy GrW ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI AwrqI pVHdy hn)[ gurU swihb eyQoN cl ky jgn nwQ dy mMdr phuMcy[ purI iksy zmwny ivc boDIAW dw iek bVw v`fw sYNtr sI, Aqy Ajokw mMdr pihloN boDIAW dw m`T sI[ jdoN auVIsw ‟qy sUrj-bMsI gMgw rwijAW dI hkUmq kwiem hoeI, qW aunHW idnW ivc ivSnUM dy pujwrIAW ny ies boDI mMdr ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw Aqy ies ƒ ivSƒ mMdr bxw ilAw[ 1510 ivc cYqMinAw eyQy AwieAw qy aus ny ies ƒ vYSnUAW dw iek v`fw sYNtr bxwieAw[

jdoN gurU nwnk swihb au~Qy p`ujy qW kuJ lok QwlI ivc dIvy jgw ky ivSƒ dI AwrqI „auqwr‟ rhy sn[ (ieh AwrqI Aj dI ihMdU AwrqI „hrI Em jY jgdIS hry…‟ vwlI nhIN sI, joo ik au~nIvIN sdI ivc i&lOr dy SrDw rwm ny ilKI sI)[ gurU nwnk swihb vI aus pwsy vl gey[ gurU swihb aunHW vl vyKdy rhy[ jdoN ihMdU AwrqI qoN ivhly hoey qW aunHW ny gurU swihb ƒ pu`iCAw ik “qusIN AwrqI ivc Swiml ikauN nhIN hoey?” gurU swihb ny jvwb idqw ik “mYN ivSƒ dI nhIN blik isr& vwihgurU dI pUjw krdw hW qy vwihgurU dI pUjw vwsqy ienHW dIivAW dI zrUrq nhIN[” gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik “swrw Awsmwn r`b dI pUjw vwsqy iek QwlI hY Aqy sUrj qy cMn QwlI ivc jgmgWdy hoey dIvy hn[ Awsmwn ivc itmitmwauNdy hoey qwry, pUjw dI QwlI ivc pey hoey hIry-moqI hn[ m`lyA phwVW ivco AwauNdI iBMnI ^uSbU (pUjw dI QwlI dI) DUp hY Aqy vgdI hvw, vwihgurU dI AwrqI vwsqy cOr kr rhI hY[” gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik “vwihgurU dI pYdw kIqI swrI kwienwq, vwihgurU dI AwrqI hI qW kr rhI hY[ vwihgurU ƒ QwlI dy dIivAW dI zrUrq nhIN[ swƒ AwrqI dI bjwie, s`cI izMdgI jIA ky, vwihgurU dw nW jpx dI loV hY[” gurU swihb ny AwrqI dI rsm ƒ ijs Sbd ivc r`d kIqw sI, auh Sbd DnwsrI rwg ivc hY Aqy gurU grMQ swihb dy s&w 663 qy drj hY:

ggn mY Qwlu, riv cMdu dIpk bny, qwirkw mMfl jnk moqI] DUpu mlAwnlo, pvxu cvro kry, sgl bnrwie PUlµq joqI] kYsI AwrqI hoie ! Bv KMfnw qyrI AwrqI] Anhqw sbd vwjMq ByrI] shs qv nYn, nn nYn hih qoih kau, shs mUriq, nnw eyk quohI] shs pd ibml, nn eyk pd, gMD ibnu, shs qv gMD, iev clq mohI] sB mih joiq, joiq hY soie] iqs dY cwnix, sB mih cwnxu hoie] gur swKI, joiq prgtu hoie] jo iqsu BwvY, su AwrqI hoie] hir crx kvl mkrMd loiBq, mno Anidnuo moih AwhI ipAwsw] ik®pw jlu dyih, nwnk swirMg kau, hoie jw qy qyrY nwie vwsw]

(ieh Sbd inqnym dI bwxI „soihlw‟ dw ih`sw vI hY[ keI bysmJ is`K ies ƒ „is`KW dI AwrqI‟ bxw ky pVHdy hn[ gurU swihb ny qW dIivAW vwlI „AwrqI‟ ƒ r`d kIqw sI qy ieh nhIN sI AwiKAw ik „ihMdU AwrqI‟ dI jgh iek „is`K AwrqI‟ bxw leI jwvy[ ihMdU AwrqI dI nkl ‟qy, AwrqI KMfn vwlw Sbd, AwrqI vjoN pVHnw, gurU nwnk swihb dI isiKAw dy mUloN hI ault hY[)

auVIsw dw rwjw pRqwp rudr dyv vI aunHIN idnIN jgn nwQ purI AwieAw hoieAw sI[ auh pihloN vI ktk ivc gurU swihb ƒ iml cukw sI[ rwjw kuJ idn gurU swihb dI sMgq ivc irhw Aqy Pyr vwips ktk clw igAw[ purI ivc gurU nwnk swihb qy cYqMinAw vI keI vwr iek`Ty bYTyy sn Aqy ivcwrW kIqIAW sn[ cYqMinAw ny vI gurU swihb dI Azmq A`gy isr JukwieAw sI[

purI vwsqy ktk qoN BubnySvr (ktk qoN 26 iklomItr) ho ky jwxw pYNdw hY BubnySvr qoN purI 65 iklomItr hY; Xwin kul &wslw 90 iklomItr hY[

pMjwb vwpsI
purI ivc kuJ idn ibqwaux mgroN gurU nwnk swihb pMjwb ƒ vwips cl pey[ vwpsI vwsqy Awp BubnySvr, sMBlpur qy hor keI ipMfW ngrW ivc huMdy hoey qkrIbn 1017 iklomItr dw &wslw qYA kr ky pRXwg, ijs nUM hux Alwhwbwd kihMdy hn, pu`jy[ ie`Qy rukx mgroN Awp ny Aglw pVwA, 200 iklomItr dUr, kwnpur ivc kIqw[ kwnpur ivc is`KW dI AwbwdI bhuq izAwdw hY qy gurduAwry vI bhuq hn, pr gurU nwnk swihb dI qvwrI^I Xwdgwr koeI nhIN[ kwnpur qoN cl ky Awp (160 iklomItr dur) jmnw dirAw dy kMFy ietwvw ivc ruky[ kdy ie`Qy vI Awp dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw huMdw sI[

Awgrw
ietwvw qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb ny 115 iklomItr dUr Awgrw ivc pVwA kIqw[ Awgrw ivc ijs jgh gurU swihb ruky sn, auh jgh nXw bWs, lohw mMfI ielwky ivc hY[ auQy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ pr, ies gurduAwry kol zmIn jW jwiedwd nw hox kr ky iksy swD jW jQy ny ies v`l iDAwn nhIN id`qw; jd ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nwl sbMDq „gurduAwrw gurU dw qwl‟ kol bhuq swrI zmIn hY Aqy bhuq v`fI srW bxI hoeI hY[ ies kr ky bhuq swry lok, ^ws kr ky tr`kW vwly qy vpwrI, auQy hI jWdy hn[ gurU nwnk swihb dy gurduAwry dw syvw sMBwl iek gRMQI Aqy „gurU nwnk siqsMg sBw‟ Aqy byby nwnkI kIrqnI jQw‟ qy kuJ mukwmI is`K hI krdy hn[

ie`Qy vI, keI hor gurduAwirAW vW|, gurU nwnk swihb bwry iek krwmwqI khwxI ilKI hoeI hY ik iek mweI dw ieklOqw b`cw bhuq bImwr sI; bhuq ielwj krvwaux dy bwvjUd auh TIk nhIN sI ho irhw[ gurU nwnk swihb ie`Qy iek bgIcI ivc pIlU dy dr^q hyTW bYTy sn qW auh mweI Awpxy b`cy nUM gurU swihb kol lY AweI qy gurU jI nUM ikhw ik auh ies nUM TIk kr dyx[ gurU jI ny aus nUM ikhw ik aus b`cy nUM nyVy dy poKr (toBy) ivc ieSnwn krvwey[ aus ny ievyN hI kIqw Aq aus dw b`cw nO-br-nO ho igAw[ (AijhIAW krwmwqW lokW ny koloN GV leIAW hoeIAW hn[ ieh gurbwxI dI isiKAw dy ault hn)[ ijs jgh gurU jI bYTy sn auQy A`j inSwn swihb lgwieAw hoieAw hY[

mQurw
Awgrw qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (58 iklomItr dUr) mQurw ivc ruky[ mQrw iksy vyly SUrsyn kOm dy dyS dI rwjDwnI sI[ „mhWBwrq‟ dw nwiek ikRSn ie`QoN dw rwjw sI[ iksy zmwny ivc mQrw nUM „mMdrW dw Sihr‟ AwiKAw jWdw sI[ ieQoN dy v~fy mMdr mihmUd ZznvI ny 1018 ivc Fwh idqy sn[ mgroN 1500 ivc iskMdr loDI ny vI kuJ mMdr Fwhy[ 1669 iv~c AOrMgzyb ny vI dobwrw bxy swry mMdr iPr Fuhw idqy sn[

jd gurU nwnk swihb mQurw pu`jy qW audoN ngr qbwh hoieAw ipAw sI[ gurU jI Ajoky kySv dyvw mMdr (ijs nuM ikRSn dw jnm AsQwn mMinAw jWdw hY) dy nyVy Tihry sn[ au~Qy Awp nwl vYSnUM lokW ny Drm crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny vYSnUAW nUM s~cy Drm dI izMdgI jIx dw sbk idqw[ mQurw iv~c mswnI rylvy stySn dy nyVy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk bgIcI‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[

mQurw ivc pVwA smyN gurU nwnk swihb jmnw dirAw nhwaux jwieAw krdy sn qy eyQy vI lokW nUM s`cy Drm dI isiKAw id`qI sI[ jmnw dirAw dy kMFy „qy kdy auQy grU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ 1984 nvMbr ivc is`KW dy kqlyAwm smyN audwsI pujwrIAW ny aus gurduAwry ivcoN gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp cuk ky dirAw ivc su`t id`qw Aqy aus iemwrq nUM sRIcMd dw mMdr bxw ilAw[

ibRMdwbn/ ivRMdwvn
mQrw qoN gurU nwnk swihb (11 iklomItr dUr) ivRMdwbn (keI jgh ibMdrwbn iliKAw vI imldw hY) vI gey[ ies ielwky ivc kdy ivRMdw (qulsI) dy bhuq dr^q hoieAw krdy sI iesy kr ky ies nUM „ivRMdw dw jMgl‟ (ivRMdwbn) kihMdy sn[ihMdUAW dy rwjw/Bgvwn ikRSn ny Awpxw bcpn qy jvwnI iesy jgh ibqweI sI[ iskMdr loDI vyly pMdrvIN sdI ivc ieh ngr Qyh bx cukw sI[ 1515-16 ivc eyQy cyqMnX mhWpRBU AwieAw qy aus ny eyQy iPr rOxk SurU kIqI sI[

(mQrw qoN 15 iklomItr dUr, gokul nW dw iek ipMf hY[ ikRSn ny Awpxy bcpn qy jvwnI dw kuJ smW ies jgh vI ibqwieAw sI[ ies ipMf dIAW swrIAW glIAW lokW v`loN id`qy dwn dIAW islW nwl BrIAW hoeIAW hn[ myly vwly idn qoN isvwey ies ipMf ivc koeI XwqrU nzr nhIN AwauNdw)[

ivRMdwvn ivc vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw „gurU nwnk tIlw‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ 2005 qk ieh gurduAwrw, iek it`ly auqy, pRwcIn iemwrq ivc sI[ pr, ies mgroN hrbMs isMG kwr syvw vwly ny aus qvwrI^I iemwrq nUM Fwh ky aus kImqI ^zwny nUM ^qm kr id`qw Aqy sMgmrmr dI byjwn iemwrq bxw id`qI[

kuJ idn mQrw, ibRMdwbn, gokul vZYrw ielwikAW ivc pRcwr kr ky gurU swihb id`lI rwhIN pMjwb vl cl pey[ gurU swihb ny pihlw pVwA (180 iklomItr dUr) id`lI ivc kIqw[ ie`QoN Awp rohqk, ihswr, qlvMfI swbo, m`qy dI srW, kMgxpur, cUnIAw qy Alpy (Alpw) qoN huMdy hoey rwey Boey dI qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw swihb) pu`jy[

gurU nwnk swihb dI dUjI audwsI (krIb 1512-15)

kuJ idn rwey Boey dI qlvMfI ivc rih ky gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw, dUjI audwsI vwsqy iPr cl pey[ ies vwr auh d`Kx v`l tur pey[

luiDAwxw
gurU nwnk swihb dI dUjI audwsI smyN, aunHW dw pihlw pVwA mIrhoqw (hux luiDAwxw) sI[ eyQy gurU jI ny sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw Aqy mIrhoqw ngr ivc Aw ruky[ mIrhoqw Aqy ies dy Awly-duAwly dw ielwkw bhuq pihlW vI Awbwd sI[ mhwrwjw ASok qoN vI pihlW sunyq bhuq v`fw ngr sI; ies ngr dIAW ie`tW nwl hI loDIAW ny mIrhoqw dw iklHw bxvwieAw sI, ijs dw Qyh A`j vI mOjUd hY[ (sunyq dy Qyh „qy hux BweI rxDIr isMG ngr visAw hoieAw hY)[ gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly sqluj dirAw luiDAwxy dy nyVy vihMdw sI (1785 ivc ies ny Awpxw vhwA bdl ilAw Aqy 13 iklomItr dUr iPlOr dy nyVy vihx lg ipAw[ purwxIAW ilKqW ivc (sxy igAwnI igAwn isMG) ies jgh gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc „QVHw swihb‟ dw izkr AwauNdw hY, pr hux aus dw nW inSwn mOjUd nhIN hY[ hux sqluj dy pul dy nyVy iek swD ny fyrw bxwieAw hY; ies dw gurU jI dy Awaux nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY[

krnwl
mIrhoqw (luiDAwxw) ivc pVwA krn mgroN gurU swihb srhMd (audoN ies ngr nUM swhrMd qy sIhrMd kihMdy sI) Aqy iphovw huMdy hoey, 197 iklomItr dw s&r qYA kr ky krnwl pu`jy[ Awp ny ie`Qy mOjUdw klMdrI gyt dy nyVy, TiTAwrW dy muh`ly ivc pVwA kIqw[ aunHW dy kIrqn dI Awvwz nUM sux ky kuJ mukwmI musilm iek`Ty ho gey Aqy aunHW ny sMgIq nUM SrA dy i^lw& d`isAw[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM d`isAw ik sMgIq qW rUhwnIAq dw iek Aihm AMg hY[ aunHIN idnI kuJ sU&I muslmwn vI auQy rihMdy sn; aunHW ny gurU jI dI g`l dI qweId kIqI[ ies mgroN aunHW ny sU&I PkIrW mubwrk AlI Swh, AbU AlI Swh klMdrI, Sy^ mubwirk Swh, Sy^ AlwaudIn Aqy Sy^ Sr& nwl Drm crcw kIqI qy aunHW nUM Drm dw s`cw mwrg d`isAw[ krnwl ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw mMjI swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dy iblkul nwl hI kuJ i&rkwpRsqW ny iek mMdr bxw ky ijs dI aucweI gurduAwry qoN vD rK ky AwpxI eIrKw dw iezhwr kIqw sI[ Bwrq dy Gt igxqI kimSn ny ies hrkq nUM i&rkU Srwrq kih ky ies dI aucweI Gtwaux vwsqy hukm jwrI kIqw sI[ pr aus hukm „qy Aj qk Aml nhIN kIqw igAw[

gurU swihb dy krnwl Awaux bwry vI iek krwmwqI g`p khwxI prclq hY, ik iek muslm s`Xd mubwrk AlI nUM gurU jI dI soBw sux ky bhuq gu`sw AwieAw[ aus ny Awpxy pIr Swh klMdrI nUM jw iSkwieq lweI ik gurU srod vjwauNdw hy jo ieslwmI SrA dy ault hY[ Swh klMdrI kMD „qy bYT ky aus jgh v`l cl ipAw ij`Qy gurU jI bYTy sn[ pr, Sihr qoN 2-3 iklomItr dUr ipMf bUVy KyVy kol auh kMD ruk geI[ ies „qy aus nUM gurU jI dI Azmq dw Aihsws hoieAw[ ies mgroN auh gurU jI kol pu`jw Aqy aus ny Aqy sXd mubwrk Swh, SY^ qwihr qy SY^ AlwaudIn ny gurU jI nwl goSt kIqI qy A^Ir hwr mMn leI[ieho ijhIAW krwmwqI g`p khwxIAW, swDW qy pujwrIAW ny, bhuq swry gurduAwirAW nwl joVIAW hoeIAW hn[

pwnIpq
krnwl qoN gurU nwnk swihb (35 iklomItr dUr) pwnIpq gey[ pwnIpq ivc Awp SyK eIdul kbIr nUM imly qy aus nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ SyK eIdul nUM keI jgh SyK ttIhr (jo SyK qwihr dw ivgiVAw rUp hY) vI iliKAw imldw hY[ pwnIpq ivc, jI.tI.rof „qy, vI gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw pihlI pwqswhI‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ies iemwrq ivc iek purwxw KUh vI mOjUd hY[ pwnIpq Sihr qvwrI^I p`K qoN bhuq AhmIAq rKdw hY[ ies jgh iqMn, bhuq Aihm qy ies mulk dI iksmq dw &Yslw krn vwlIAW, lVweIAW ie`Qy lVIAW geIAW sn (21 ApRYl 1526 dy idn bwbr qy iebrwhIm loDI ivckwr, 5 nvMbr 1556 dy idn Akbr qy id`lI dy nwzm hymU ivckwr, Aqy 14 jnvrI 1761 dy idn Aihmd Swh du`rwnI qy mrh`itAW ivckwr)[

id`lI
pwnIpq qoN gurU nwnk swihb (90 iklomItr dUr) id`lI pu`jy[ id~lI pu`j ky gurU swihb ny Awpxw pVwA, dirAw Xmnw dy kMFy, iek au~cy it~ly qy kIqw[ kdy ies jgh ‟qy aunHIN idnIN mjnUM nW dw iek drvyS irhw krdw sI[ ausy kr ky hI ies it~ly dw nW „mjnUM dw it~lw‟ mShUr sI[ gurU swihb vyly ieh QW id~lI qoN bwhr ipMf cMdrwvl KyVw dI zmIn sI[ mgroN 1613 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb vI au~Qy Tihry sn[ 1661 ivc rwm rwey (puqr gurU hir rwie swihb) vI kuJ icr ieQy hI ThirAw sI[ ie`Qy gurU swihb ny iek ierwnI PkIr Abdu`lw, jo mukwmI lokW dI syvw kirAw krdw sI qy byVI rwhIN dirAw jmnw pwr krn ivc mdd kirAw krdw sI, nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ ie`Qy gurU jI dy Awaux bwry kuJ lokW ivc iek mnGVq khwxI pRclq hY ik ie`Qy Awp ny iek mry hoey hwQI nUM izMdw kIqw sI[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw mjnU it`l‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies iemwrq ivc iek purwxw KUh vI mOjUd hY[

id`lI ivc gurU jI dw dUjw pVwA ie`QoN kuJ dUr, dirAw Xmnw dy kMFy, gurduAwrw nwnk ipAwE vwlI QW „qy sI[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb ny kuJ smW ruk ky lokW nUM pwxI ipAwaux dI syvw kIqw[ies iemwrq ivc iek purwxw KUh vI mOjUd hY[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik gurU jI pihlI audwsI qoN muVidAW ienHW dohW ivcoN iek jgh ruky hox[

BUpwl
id`lI qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb gvwlIAr Aqy JWsI huMdy hoey BUpwl (id`lI qoN 575 iklomtr) pu`jy[[ BUpwl ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc Aqy „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk tykrI‟ (eIdgwh dy ielwky ivc) Aqy „gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb‟ (rwm ngr nW dy ielwky ivc) bxy hoey hn[ gurduAwrw gurU nwnk tykrI nwl vI lokW ny iek krwmwqI g`p khwxI joVI hoeI hY ik rwjw Boj dy iek drbwrI gxpq lwl ny iksy AOrq nwl Zlq hrkq kIqI qW aus dy swry ijsm „qy kohV ho igAw[ ies mgroN auh ies jgh jMgl ivc rihx lg ipAw[ iek idn aus dw myl pIr jlwlaudIn nwl ho igAw[ aus ny pIr nUM Awpxw kohV dUr krn vwsqy mdd mMgI qW pIr ny ikhw ik qyrw rog qW isr& gurU nwnk swihb dUr kr skxgy[ A^Ir gurU jI auQy pu`jy qy gxpq lwl dw kohV dUr kIqw[ ijs ctwn „qy gurU swihb KVHy sn, aus jgh bwaulI prgt ho geI (hwlW ik ieh bwaulI gurduAwrw gurU nwnk tykrI‟ qoN bhuq dUr hyTW jw ky rwm ngr dy ielwky ivc hY qy auQy „gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY)[ ies khwxI dw dUjw p`K ieh vI hY ik rwjw Boj dw smW qyrHvIN sdI dw hY qy gurU swihb ies jgh 1511 ivc Awey sn[ ^Yr, ieho ijhIAW krwmwqI khwxIAW hr jgh imldIAW hn[

nMdyV
BUpwl qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb keI ngrW vc pVwA krdy krdy hoey (590 iklomtr dUr) mOjUdw ngr nMdyV dy bwhrvwr jw ruky[ nMdyV dy ies ielky ivc aus vyly, iek muslmwn PkIr, sXd Swh husYn, jo iek lkVhwrw sI, rihMdw sI[ gurU swihb aus kol gey qy dohW ivckwr Drm crcw hoeI[ie`Qy Awp dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw mwl tykrI‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ pr, gurduAwry ivc ilKy borf ivclI krwmwqI khwxI muqwibk ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN dw gupq ^zwnw d`ibAw hoieAw sI ijs nUM 1708 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI ny k`iFAw Aqy ies nwl is`K &OjIAW nUM qn^whW vMfIAW qy bwkI bcy ^zwny nUM auQy hI d`b id`qw[

(ieho ijhIAW mnGVq khwxIAW bhuq gurduAwirAW bwry imldIAW hn[ ie`Qy ieho ijhI krwmwqI mnGVq khwxI vwlw iek hor gurduAwrw (iSkwr Gwt) bwry vI hY, ij`Qy AKOqI qOr „qy gurU goibMd isMG ny gurU nwnk swihb v`loN „srwpy hoey‟, isAwlkot vwsI iek isK, BweI mUlw dw auDwr kIqw sI)[

ibdr
nMdyV qoN gurU nwnk swihb ibdr pu~jy[ ibdr Aj klH krnwtk dw iek mShUr Sihr hY[ aunHW idnW ivc ibdr dy bwhrvwr do muslmwn PkIr, sXd XwkUb AlI Aqy jlwludIn, rihMdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb nwl aunHW ny Drm crcw kIqI[ Aj vI aunHW dohW muslmwn PkIrW dIAW kbrW au~Qy bxIAW hoeIAW hn[ ieh kbrW gurduAwrw “nwnk JIrw” dy iblkul nyVy hn[ ieQy nyVy hI iek cSmw vgdw hY ijs dw nW „nwnk JIrw‟ hY[ ie`Qy prclq iek krwmwqI khwxI muqwibk PkIr jlwlu`dIn ny gurU swihb nUM disAw ik ies ielwky ivc pwxI dI Gwt hY[ ies ‟qy gurU swihb ny iek cSmw l`iBAw qy pwxI dw mslw hl kIqw[ aus cSmy dw nW „nwnk JIrw‟ jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ s`c ieh hY ik ieh cSmw gurU swihb qoN bhuq pihlW hI mOjUd sI qy gurU swihb dI PyrI dI Xwd ivc lok ies nUM „nwnk JIrw cSmw‟ AwKx lg pey sn[

gMtUr
ie`QoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb gMtUr gey[ gMtUr ivc vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc kdy iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; pr, hux auQy ies dw nW inSwn vI bwkI nhIN hY[

cyneI (mdrws)
gMtUr qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb v`K v`K QwvW qoN huMdy hoey d`Kx ivc (425 iklomItr dUr) cyneI ivc jw ruky[ cyneI (purwxw nW mdrws) ivc pyrIAwmyt ielwky ivc, kwrpurw strIt (cyneI-3) ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek mMdr dy AMdr QVHw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh nhIN ikhw jw skdw ik gurU jI mMdr ivc Tihry sn jW bwAd ivc aus QW „qy audwsIAW ny mMdr bxw id`qw sI[

kWcIpurm Aqy iqrpwruqI kumrm
cyneI qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb kWcIpurm (65 iklomtr) pu`jy[ kWcIpurm aus vyly jYn Drm dw iek v`fw sYNtr sI[ pihlW Sihr dI AwbwdI dw bhuq ih`sw jYnIAW dw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dy auQy jwx qoN isrP 10 kU swl pihloN hI auQoN dy rwjy ikRSn dyvw ny au~Qy do v`fy mMdr bxwey sn[ ieh mMdr 1502 ivc iqAwr hoey sn[ mgroN bRwhmxW ny ies ƒ “v`fw m`T” dw drjw dy idqw qy ieQoN dy sB qoN v`fy pujwrI ƒ „SMkrwcwrX‟ kihx lg pey[ (dsMbr 2004 ivc ieQoN dy „SMkrwcwrX‟ ƒ kql dI swijS GVn dy doS hyT igR&qwr vI kIqw igAw sI)[ kWcIpurm ivc vI gurU swihb ny sMgqW ƒ rUhwnIAq dw sbk idqw[ au~Qy vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY qy is`KW ny aus dI jgh nvW gurduAwrw jW koeI hor Xwdgwr nhIN bxweI hY[

kWcIpurm qoN iqMn iklomItr dUr, iqrpwruqI kumrm ksbw hY[ ies ksby ivc vI jYn Drm dw iek v`fw AwgU rihMdw sI[ gurU swihb aus ƒ vI imly[ jYnI swDU ny gurU swihb qoN puiCAw,“kI qusIN jIv mwr ky KWdy ho qy pwxI ibnw pux ky pINdy ho?” gurU swihb ny jYnI ƒ smJwieAw ik “pwxI pux ky pIx jW mws nw Kwx nwl, jW Aijhy hor pwKMf krn nwl, koeI &rk nhIN pYNdw[ ieh sB mn dy Brm hn[ Asl Drm ieh hY ik sicAwr dI izMdgI jIA ky vwihgurU dI BgqI kIqI jwey[ isr dy vwl Kohxw (pu`txw), nMgy pYrIN turnw qy AijhIAW hor sB kwrvweIAW bymwAnw hn[” gurU swihb ny ies sbMDI iek Sbd aucwirAw:

isru Kohwie pIAih mlvwxI, jUTw mMig mMig KwhI] Poil PdIhiq muih lYin BVwsw pwxI dyiK sgwhI] Byfw vwgI isru Kohwiein BrIAin hQ suAwhI] mwaU pIaU ikrqu gvwiein tbr rovin DwhI] Enw ipMfu n pqil, ikirAw n dIvw, muey ikQwaU pwhI] ATsiT qIrQ dyin n FoeI bRhmx AMnu n KwhI] sdw kucIl rhih idnu rwqI mQY itky nwhI] JuMfI pwie bhin iniq mrxY diV dIbwix n jwhI] lkI kwsy hQI PuMmx Ago ipCI jwhI] nw Eie jogI n Eie jMgm n Eie kwjI muMlw] diX ivgoey iPrih ivguqy iPtw vqY glw ] jIAw mwir jIvwly soeI Avru n koeI rKY] dwnhu qY iesnwnhu vMjy Bsu peI isir KuQY] pwxI ivchu rqn EpMny myru kIAw mwDwxI] ATsiT qIrQ dyvI Qwpy purbI lgY bwxI] nwie invwjw nwqY pUjw nwvin sdw sujwxI] muieAw jIvidAw giq hovY jW isir pweIAY pwxI] nwnk isrKuQy sYqwnI eynw gl n BwxI] vuTY hoieAY hoie iblwvlu jIAw jugiq smwxI] vuTY AMnu kmwdu kpwhw sBsY pVdw hovY] vuTY Gwhu crih inq surhI swDn dhI ivlovY] iqqu iGie hom jg sd pUjw pieAY kwrju sohY] gurU smuMdu ndI siB isKI nwqY ijqu vifAweI] nwnk isrKuQy nwvin nwhI, qw sq cty isir CweI] (ieh Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 149-50 ‟qy, drj hY)[

gurU swihb dIAW g`lW dw jYnI swDU qy bVw Asr hoieAw[ aus ny gurU swihb dy kdmW qy isr JukwieAw Aqy is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw[ (mgroN auh dsqwr sjw ky is`KI dw prcwr krdw irhw)[ gurU swihb kuJ idn kWcIpurm rhy qy Pyr A`gy nUM cl pey[

kWcIpurm qoN cl ky, gurU swihb iqRvnmlwey (128 iklomItr) pu`jy[ iqRvnmlwey ivc iSv dw iek purwxw mMdr sI qy kw&I lok au~Qy iek`Ty hoieAw krdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb ny aunHW ƒ Drm dI isiKAw idqI aunHW dy mnW dy sMsy dUr kIqy[ iqRvnmlwey ivc vI kdy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ ieh gurduAwrw au~nIvIN sdI dy pihly A`D ivc bixAw sI[ ies gurduAwry dw ieMMqzwm audwsI mhMqW dy h`Q ivc sI; mgroN auh aus jgh nUM vyc ky cly gey[ hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY[

ies mgroN gurU nwnk swihb (sRIrMgm mMdr 175 iklomtr) qy auQoN iqRcnwp`lI/iqrUicrwp`lI (13 iklomtr) vI gey Aqy lokW ƒ scy Drm dw pYZwm idqw[ iqRcnwp`lI ivc Awp keI idn Tihry Aqy kIrqn dw pRvwh clwieAw[ ies ksby ivc vI kdy Awp dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; pr hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY[ iqRcnwp`lI qoN gurU swihb qMjwvr (60 iklomItr) qy auQoN nwgwptnm (86 iklomItr) gey[ nwgwptnm qoN gurU nwnk swihb byVI rwhIN sRIlMkw gey (sRIlMkw dw nW jnmswKIAW ivc „isMGlwdIp‟ iliKAw imldw hY, ikauNik ieh isnhwlI/isMGwlI lokW dw mulk hY, so ies ƒ „isnhwlI dIp‟ jW isMGlwdIpAwKdy sn)[ auh 5 mwrc 1511 dy idn sRIlMkw gey sn[

sMglwdIp (sRIlMkw)
sRIlMkw ivc gurU swihb dw pihlw pVwA ies dI bMdrgwh jw&nw (150 iklomItr), jw&nw qoN iqRnkomlI (iqrU konw mlyA) ivc sI[ ieQoN Awp (138 iklomItr dUr) pUrbI lMkw dy sB qoN v`fy Sihr mtIAwkulm (ijs ƒ Aj klH bYtIkuloAw AwKdy hn) phuMcy[ audoN ieh sRIlMkw dI sB qoN v`fI irAwsq dI rwjDwnI sI[ bYtIkuloAw dw rwjw iSvnwB gurU nwnk swihb bwry pihloN hI jwxdw sI[ lwhOr dw BweI mnsuK iek vwr vpwr dy islisly ivc eyQy AwieAw sI Aqy aus ny rwjy nM gurU swihb dy jIvn &ls&y bwry disAw sI[ rwjy ny gurU swihb dy drSn krn leI ^wihS dw iezhwr kIqw qW BweI mnsuK ny aus ƒ AwiKAw sI ik kI pqw kdy gurU swihb qyry kol Awp hwizr ho jwx[ (ieh vI ho skdw hY ik BweI mnsuK ny hI gurU jI nUM rwjy dI SrDw ds ky sRIlMkw jwx bwry Arz kIqI hovy)[ hux jdoN rwjy ny gurU swihb dy drSn kIqy qW aus nUM bhuq ^uSI hoeI[ auh gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ƒ Awpxy mihl ivc lY igAw[ rwjy kol iek idn rih ky gurU swihb bYtIkuloAw qoN cly gey[ ieQoN tur ky aunHW ny pihlw pVwA qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr kIqw[ ij`Qy gurU swihb Tihry sI, au~Qy iek in`kw ijhw ipMf sI, jo vkq bIqx nwl iek ksbw bx igAw[ aus dw nW Aj klH kurUkl mMfp hY[

kurUkl mMfp qoN tur ky gurU nwnk swihb qy BweI mrdwnw krqrgwmw nUM cl pey[ phwVIAW pwr krdy hoey gurU swihb „kotI‟ nW dI irAwsq ivc dwi^l ho gey[ kotI ivc aus vyly rwjw Drmw pRkrmw bwhU dI hkUmq sI[ aus irAwsq ivc aus vyly boDIAW dw vDyry Asr sI[ rwjy dy drbwr iv~c boDIAW dy muKI Aqy gurU swihb ivc, rUhwnIAq dy nukiqAW bwry crcw hoeI[ boDIAW dw pwsw kmzor vyK ky pWfy (ihMdU) vI boDIAW dy nwl rl gey[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM sicAwr dI izMdgI jIx dw sbk idqw[ gurU swihb kuJ idn kotI rhy qy Pyr Agy cl pey[ kotI ‟c gurU swihb dy Awaux bwry iek purwxy iSlwlyK ivc vI izkr AwauNdw hY[ ieh p`Qr dI iSlwlyK sRIlMkw dy Sihr AnrwDwpurm dy iek Ajwieb Gr ivc peI khI jWdI hY[ ies dw nM: 111 hY[ ies ivc gurU swihb dw nW “nwnk AcwirAw” iliKAw hoieAw hY[ sRIlMkw audoN 7-8 irAwsqW iv~c vMifAw hoieAw sI qy hr irAwsq dy vKry rwjy sn[

(kolMbo qoN AnurwDwpurw 210 iklomItr, bYtIkuloAw qoN kotIAw glw 181 iklomItr, bYtIkuloAw qoN Aivsvylw 275 iklomItr hY)[

kotI qoN cl ky gurU swihb sIqwvwkw pujy[ Aj klH ies ngr nUM Aivsvylw AwKdy hn[ ieQoN Awp AnrwDwpurm (AnrwQwpurm) pujy[ AnrwQwpurm, aunHW idnW ivc sRIlMkw dI iek irAwsq dI rwjDwnI sI[ kuJ icr eyQy Tihr ky Awp mMnwr ksby (twpU, mMnwr dI KwVI) ivc pujy[ ies dOrwn Awp dy drSn BweI cMgw BwtVw ny vI kIqy[ cMgw BwtVw iks ngr dw sI, ieh qW pqw nhIN lgdw, pr sRIlMkw dw vwsI hox dw izkr zrUr imldw hY[ mYnr ‟c is`KI dI isiKAw dyx mgroN Awp iPr vwips drwivV dyS (hux d`KxI Bwrq) vl cl pey[ Awp sRIlMkw dy ngr mMnwr qoN qlweymMnwr (bMdrgwh) pu`jy qy eyQoN, byVI ivc svwr ho ky, 31 iklomItr dUr drwvV dys dy ipMf DnuskofI pujy[

DnuskofI  Aqy rwmySvrm
DnuskofI rwmySvrm qoN 29 ku iklomItr pihloN smuMdr kMFy „qy kdy iek v`fw ngr sI[ ie`Qy rmySvrm qoN ryl AwieAw krdI sI qy lok ie`QoN sRIlMkw jwieAw krdy sn[ ieh bMdrgwh „qy ngr nUM 1964 ivc Awey smuMdrI qU&wn ny ^qm kr id`qw sI (ieh qU&wn iek rylvy tryn nUM vI, iek sO dy krIb muswi&rW sxy, roVH ky lY igAw sI)[ hux rwmySvrm qoN qkrIbn 15 iklomItr dUr qk sVk TIk hY[ ies qoN A`gy DnuskofI qk dldl Aqy toey-it`by hn[ kuJ b`sW lokW nUM purwxI DnuskofI qk lY jWdIAW hn (b`s nUM ie`Qy jwx qoN pihlW pulIs kol rijstr krnw pYNdw hY)[ DnuskofI ivc A`j vI qbwh ho cuky rylvy stySn Aqy sdIAW purwxy crc dIAW eImwrqW dy Qyh idsdy hn[ DnuskofI ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw nwnk audwsI m~T” bixAw hoieAw sI, jo 1964 dy ies qU&wn ny ^qm kr id`qw sI[

DnuskofI qoN gurU nwnk swihb rwmySvrm pu`jy sn[ rwmySvrm ihMdUAW dy 4 DwmW (bwkI iqMn bdrInwQ, dvwrkw qy purI hn), ivcoN iek hY[ ies ivc iSv dw rwmwnwQsvwmI mMdr hY[gurU nwnk swihb vyly ieh mMdr Cotw ijhw sI; A`j-klH ieh bhuq v`fI iemwrq hY[ hux vwlI iemwrq gurU swihb qoN mgroN bxI sI[ rwmySvrm ivc iSv aupwSkW qoN ielwvw bhuq swry gorKpMQI jogI vI irhw krdy sI[ jogIAW ny gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny jogIAW nUM jog Cf ky gRihsQI bxn dI pRyrnw idqI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik “Asl Drm gRihsQI rihMidAW iesy izdgI iv~c mukqI hwisl krnw hY[” rwmySvrm ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc “gurduAwrw gurU nwnk Dwm” bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies ivc iek bhuq purwxw KUh vI; ijs bwry ieh pRcwr kIqw hoieAw hY ik ieh KUh gurU jI ny bxwieAw sI[ ies gurduAwry ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc (aunHW dy) pYr aunHW dy Awaux dI inSwnI vjoN bxwey hoey hn (ijvyN hsn Abdwl ivc gurU jI dy h`Q dw inSwn, pMjw swihb, bixAw hoieAw hY)[

itRaUAnMqpurm
kuJ idn rwmySvrm rih ky gurU swihb ny au~qr-p`Cm vl s&r SurU kr idqw[ rwmySvrm qoN (57 iklomItr dUr) rwmnwdpurm Aqy (aus qoN A`gy 166 iklomItr dUr) iqrunYlv`lI qoN huMdy hoey, gurU swihb itRaUAnMqpurm irAwsq (138 iklomItr) ivc Aw gey[ ies jgh nUM trIvYNfrm vI AwKdy hn[ kdy eyQy vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI, jo hux mOjUd nhIN hY[

kotwiem
trIvYNfrm qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb kotwiem (180 iklomItr) ngr dy nyVy pu`jy[aunHIN idnI ies ksby dy bwhrvwr, kotwiem Aqy p`lm ipMf dy ivckwr, jogIAW dw iek fyrw sI[ gurU swihb jogIAW dy fyry ‟qy gey qy aunHW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik s~cy Drm dw mqlb hY: “ikrq krnw, vMf Ckxw qy nwm jpxw”[ jogIAW ny gurU swihb dy nwl vMf Ckx dy nukqy ‟qy bihs krnI SurU kr id`qI[ aunHW ny gurU swihb nUM AwiKAw ik hr cIz qW vMf ky nhIN KwDI jw skdI[ jogIAW ny gurU swihb nUM iek iql pyS kIqw Aqy ikhw ky AsIN ies nUM Awps ivc ikvyN vMf skdy hW? gurU swihb ny auh iql kUMfI ivc pw ky k`ut ilAw Aqy pwxI pw ky sB nUM vrqw idqw[ vMf Ckx dw AsUl, gurU swihb ny, jogIAW nUM ieM\ smJwieAw[ aunHW ikhw ik ieM\ vMf ky KwDy iql dw iksy nUM ijsmwnI qOr ‟qy &wiedw qW nhIN sI qy nw hI suAwd Awauxw sI[ ieh qW iek &ls&y nUM smJwaux dw qrIkw sI ik „jy ierwdw hovy qW sB kuJ vMf ky KwDw jw skdw hY‟[ ies swKI kwrx, aus jgh dw nW hI iqlgMjI cl ipAw[ kdy auQy “gurduAwrw iqlgMjI swihb” bixAw hoieAw sI; pr hux aus dw koeI nW inSwn bwkI nhIN hY[ Sihr kotwiem jW ipMf p`lm ivc iksy nUM vI aus gurduAwry bwry kuJ vI pqw qk nhIN hY[ (ieQoN bwry ieh g`l bhuq idlcsp hY ik ies ngr ivc iksy puls vwly qk nUM vI ihMdI jW AMgryzI iblkul nhIN AwauNdI)[

kotwiem qoN cl ky gurU swihb, bYNgUlorUU (bYNglor) Aqy hYdrwbwdhuMdyhoeyibdrpu`jy (kotwiem qoN bYNgolUrU 570 iklomItr;  bYNgolUrU qoN hYdrwbwd  490iklomItr;hYdrwbwd qoN ibdr 172 iklomItr; ibdr qoN nMdyV = 176)[BVwauc/bVocibdr  qoN  (263  iklomItr  dUr)  pMfrpur  huMdy  hoey  gurUnwnkswihbBVwauc/bVoc) pu`jy (pMfrpur qoN BVwauc 670 iklomItr hY)[

bVoc gujrwq dw iek v~fw Sihr hY[ bVoc ivc aus smyN sMinAwsIAW dy bhuq swry fyry sn[ ies jgh gurU swihb ny sMinAwsIAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI Aqy sMinAws dI jgh gRihsqI izMdgI ijaUx dI AhmIAq d`sI[ ij~Qy gurU swihb Tihry sn, au~Qy „gurduAwrw cwdr swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh jgh nrmdw dirAw dy kMFy bVoc rylvy stySn dy bhuq nyVy hY[ ies gurduAwry dy nwl vI iek krwmwqI khwxI gurU jI dy cwdr nwl dirAw pwr krn dI joVI hoeI hY[

ihMdU irvwieq muqwibk ies ngr dw nW iBRgU irSI (bRhmw dy ds puqrW ivcoN iek) dy nW „qy ipAw sI[iBRgU irSI Aqy lkSmI ieh jgh „qy kw&I dyr qk rhy sn[ skMd purwx ivc ies jgh „qy ihMdUAW dy 55 qIrQW dy hox dw izkr imldw hY; Bwgvq purwx, iSv purwx, skMd purwx, kurm purwx qy mqsX purwx, rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq, swirAW ivc ies ngr dw izkr imldw hY) ies ngr dI 60% AwbwdI muslmwnW dI hY[

bVOdw/vfodVw
BVwauc qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (ie`QoN 75 iklomItr dUr) bVOdw/vfodVw gey[ ie`Qy KMfyrwE mwrkIt ivc „gurduAwrw nwnk vwVI‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy iek purwxw KUh vI hY ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik gurU jI ies dy pwxI nwl ieSnwn kirAw krdy sn[ ie`Qy gurU swihb ny vYSnUAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ kuJ lokW ny ies gurduAwry dy nwl vI iek krmwqI khwxI joVI hoeI hY ik aunHIN idnIN ie`QoN dy lok bhuq ZrIb sn; aunHW ny gurU swihb nUM Arz kIqI ik auh aunHW dI ZrIbI dUr krn[ gurU swihb dI AsIs nwl ieh iek bhuq v`fw vpwrk sYNtr bx igAw[ aus vyly ie`Qy iek ihMdU mMdr sI, jo vkq dy nwl Fih igAw[ hux aus dI jgh iek nvI iemwrq bxweI geI hY[ (vfodrw Aihmdwbwd Aqy sUrq qoN bwAd gujrwq dw qIjw v`fw Sihr hY[ ieh ngr ivSvwimqrI dirAw dy dohIN pwsIN v`isAw hoieAw hY[ mwhI qy nrmdw, do dirAw ies ngr dy dohIN pwsIN 25-30 iklomItr dUr qoN lMGdy hn)[

jUnwgVH qy igrnwr phwV
vfodVwqoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (396 iklomItr dUr) AvMqIpurw pu~jy[ audoN ies nUM sorT dyS (qy mgroN surwStr) vI ikhw jWdw sI[ muslmwnW dy kbzy mgroN ies dw nW jUnwgVH r`iKAw igAw qy hOlI-hOlI ieh iek bhuq qwkqvr musilm irAwsq bx geI (jUnw gVH gujrwqI zbwn dw l&z hY ijs dw mwAnw hY purwxw gVH/iklHw)[ jUnwgVH (AvMqIpurw) bhuq purwxw ngr hY; kdy ies jgh mOrIAW ^wndwn dI hkUmq huMdI sI[ pur wxy iklHy ivc mhwrwjw ASok dw, pwlI bolI qy bRhmI il`pI ivc iliKAw, 250 purwxw swl dw, iek iSlwlyK A`j vI ies jgh mOjUd hY[ 1748 ivc ies „qy muhMmd bhwdr ^wn ny kbzw kr ilAw Aqy jUnwgVH irAwsq dI nINh r`KI[ 1947 ivc ie`QoN dy nvwb ny pwiksqwn ivc Swiml hox dw AYlwn kIqw, pr Bwrq v`loN AYkSn kIqy jwx qoN frdw, eyQoN dw nvwb mhwbq ^wn pwiksqwn dOV igAw[ ie`QoN dI 95% AwbwdI ihMdUAW dI sI, ies kr ky rweySumwrI krvwaux mgroN mgroN ies irAwsq „qy Bwrq dw kbzw ho igAw[

jdoN gurU swihb jUnwgVH gey qW aus ielwky ivc jogIAW dw bolbwlw sI[ Sihr qoN bwhr (qkrIbn 5 iklomItr dUr) igrnwr phwV qy jogIAW dw iek v~fw fyrw sI[ drAsl jogIAW dw sB qoN pihlw fyrw iehI sI[ jogIAW dw muF d~qw qrY qoN cldw hY[ d`qw qrY dw cylw mCMdr nwQ sI qy mCMdr nwQ dw cylw gorK nwQ sI[ igrnwr phwV dIAW pMj cotIAW hn[ Aj vI aunHW ivcoN do cotIAW dy nW „d`qw qrY cotI‟ qy „gorK nwQ cotI‟ cldy hn[ mgroN gorK nwQ dw nW vDyry mShUr ho igAw qy jogIAW nUM gorK-pMQI vI AwKx lg pey[

ies dy nyVy hI jYnIAW dw pRwcIn mMdr vI hY; jogIAW qoN pihlW ieh jYnIAW dw muK sYNtr sI[ hux igrnwr phwV cVHn vwsqy pauVIAW bxIAW hoeIAW hn pr gurU swihb dy vyly p`QrW qoN cVH ky jwxw pYNdw sI[ hux dIAW pOVIAW muqwibk 2300 pOVIAW cVHn mgroN mwlI prb nW dI QW AwauNdI hY[ ie`Qy 1244 sMn dw iek iSlwlyK mOjUd hY[ 3800 pOVIAW cVH ky igrnwr iklHy dw drvwzw hY[ 4500 pOVIAW „qy swcw kwkw nW dI jgh hY[ ie`Qy kwlI dw mMdr hY[ 4840 pOVIAW „qy AMbw dw mMdr hY[ 5250 pOVIAW „qy gorKnwQ dw mMdr hY[ ieh jgh smuMdr ql qoN 3666 Pu`t aucweI „qy hY Aqy igrnwr phwV ivc sB qoN aucI jgh hY[ ie`Qy gorK nwQ dw „crn pwdukw‟ (aus dI Xwd ivc pYrW dw rYplIkw) bixAw hoieAw hY[

ie`Qy gorK nwQ ny Bgq BrQrI nUM isiKAw id`qI sI[ ies mgroN auh eyQy hI irhw sI[ BrQrI, rwjw ibkrmwjIq (ijs dy nW ‟qy ibkrmI smMq cldw hY), dw Brw sI[ auh bwdSwhI nUM C~f ky jogI bx igAw sI[ (keI ies BrQrI nUM pMjwb dy ipMf q^qUpurw nwl vI joVdy hn jo ik shI nhIN hY; auh BrQrI koeI hor sI)[ gurU swihb BrQrI dI gu&w ‟qy gey qy lokW nUM Drm dI isiKAw idqI[ BrQrI dI gu&w dy syvwdwr jogI lwl, nwl gurU swihb dI Drm crcw hoeI[ jogI lwl vI gurU swihb dw is~K bx igAw[

jUnwgVH ivc iksy zmwny iv~c ieQy „gurduAwrw nwnk SwhI‟ huMdw sI[ mgroN pujwrIAW ny auh zmIn vyc idqI qy au~QoN cly gey[

somnwQ
jUnwgVH qoN Awp prBws p`qn (jUngVH qoN somnwQ 90 iklomItr) phuMcy[ ie`Qy somnwQ dw mMdr hY[ ieh mMdr muhMmd gznvI ny Fwh idqw sI[ mgroN ies nUM kumwr pwlw ny dobwrw bxvwieAw sI[ ies nUM iPr keI vwr FwihAw igAw qy bxwieAw igAw[gurU nwnk swihb ny eyQy vI lokW nUM Drm dw sbk idqw[

dvwrkw
AvMqIpurw (jUnwgVH) qoN cl ky gurU swihb (230 iklomItr dUr) duAwrkw gey[ duAwrkw iksy smyN rwjw ikRSn (ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw) dw rwj sI; auh ivRMdwvn Aqy mQrw qoN B`j ky ie`Qy Aw visAw sI[ mgroN iek smuMdrI qU&wn kwrn duAwrkw smuMdr ivc smw igAw sI[ hux vI aus dy KMfr smuMdr ivc mOjUd hn[ dvwrkw dy muK mMdr dvwrkw byt ivc hn[ ieh iek twpU hY, jo dvwrkw qoN 30 iklomItr dUr hY Aqy ikSqIAW rwhIN ies jgh jwieAw jWdw hY)[ hux vwlw duAwrkw nvIn jgh „qy v`isAw hY; purwxw duAwrkw ies twpU dy Awly-duAwly v`isAw hoieAw hovygw[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY pr hux BweI mohkm isMG (pMj ipAwirAW ivcoN iek) dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw hY[ gurU nwnk swihb aus dy v`fy vfyirAW nUM imly hoxgy ijs kr ky auh prvwr is`K jgq dw ih`sw sI[

burhwnpur
ies dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb burhwnpur (dvwrkw qoN 974 iklomItr qy vfodVw/bVOdw qoN 454 iklomItr dUr) vI gey[ auQy Awp dI Xwd ivc qwpqI dirAw dy kMFy „gurduAwrw rwjGwt swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ burhwnpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb qoN mgroN vI is`KI dw bhuq v`fw sYNtr irhw sI qy ie`QoN dy is`K krqwrpur (rwvI), goieMdvwl, c`k gurU (AMimRqsr), kIrqpur Aqy AnMdpur swihb jWdy rihMdy sn[ (s. mnohr isMG mwrko muqwibk ies jgh „qy kdy gurU gRMQ swihb dIAW purwxIAW bIVW vI mOjUd sn, jo mgroN isaUNk nwl ^qm ho geIAW[ hux kuJ hor bIVW mOjUd hn jo mgroN dy KwrI bIV dy auqwry hn)[

(burhwnpur ivc 1708 ivc gurU goibMd isMG vI gey sn[ ie`Qy aunHW dy kuVm BweI jyTw isMG dw invws sI[ie`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc iek bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bVI sMgq bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh jgh BweI jyTw isMG dI hvylI sI[ ies gurduAwry dy ipCly ih`sy ivc gurU jI dy poqy hTI isMG qy aus dI mwqw (swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dI pqnI qy gurU swihb dI nUMh) qwrw kOr dIAW smwDW vI bxIAW hoeIAW hn)[ ngr qoN 5 iklomItr dUr, jYnwbwd ipMf ivc, dsm gurU, mwqw suMdr kOr, BweI gurid`qw Aqy hor keI is`KW dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw crn kml‟ vI mOjUd hY[ aunHW vyilAW ivc ies jgh qoN lok dirAw pwr kirAw krdy sn)[

icqOVgVH
burhwnpur qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (500 iklomItr dUr) icqOVgVH gey[ byrwc dirAw dy kMFy „qy icqOV dw iklHw qvwrI^ dy bhuq kImqI qbrkwq sMBwlI bYTw hY[ ies iklHy nUM myvwVI rwjpUq rwijAW ny bxwieAw sI[ purwxIAW ilKqW ivc ies dw nW icqrkUt vI imldw hY[ 734 ivc b`pw rwvl ny ies nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI[ 1303 ivc jd AlwaudIn iKljI ny rwxI pdmnI nUM hwisl kr vwsqy ies „qy hmlw kIqw sI, qW rwxI sqI ho geI sI[ 1326 ivc rwjpUqW ny ies „qy dobwrw kbzw kr ilAw sI[ rwxw kuMBw (1433-68) ieQoN dw bhuq qwkqvwr rwjw hoieAw hY[ aus ny 1440 ivc muslwmnW „qy ij`q dI Xwd ivc 122 Put aucw 157 pOVIAW vwlw, ivjY sqMB (mInwr) bxwieAw jo A`j vI Swn nwl KVHw hY[ ies iklHy ivc iek hor sqMB kIrqI sqMB vI hY, ijhVw jYn Drm dI Xwdgwr hY; ies dy nwl hI purwxw AwdI nwQ dw jYn mMdr vI hY[ 1568 ivc Akbr ny, bVI v`fI muihMm Aqy keI mhIinAW dy Gyry mgroN, A^Ir ies „qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies iklHy ivc bhuq purwxy mMdr mOjUd hn[ ies iklHy ivc hor vI mMdr kwiem hn, ijnHW ivcoN iek 8vIN sdI dw sUrj dyvqy dw mMdr vI hY; mgroN rwjpUqW v`loN ies nUM BvwnI dw mMdr qy iPr ies nUM kwilkw mwqw dw mMdr bxw ilAw igAw sI[

gurU nwnk swihb ies ngr ivc sMn 1512 ivc Awey sn[ ie`Qy aunHW ny jYn swDUAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI sI[ auQy gurU jI dy Awaux dI Xwd ivc koeI inSwnI nhIN hY[ hux Sihr ivc iek lokl gurduAwrw zrUr hY[

gurU goibMd isMG swihb vI ie`Qy 1707 ivc Awey sn[ eyQy hI 2 ApRYl 1707 dy idn ies iklHy ivc dwi^lw hox qoN rokx „qy pwilq zorwvr isMG qy aus dy 40 swQI mwry gey sn[

Ajmyr Aqy puSkr
icqOV qoN gurU swihb (197 iklomItr dUr) Ajmyr pu`jy[ Ajmyr ivc gurU swihb icSqI dI drgh „qy gey Aqy ie`QoN dy muslm pIrW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ ies mgroN Awp nyVy dy ngr (15 iklomItr dUr) puSkr gey[ ies ngr dy ivckwr iek JIl hY ijs dy duAwly bhuq swry mMdr bxy hoey hn[ kdy JIl dy kMFy, gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ hux auh mOjUd nhIN, pr, JIl qoN kuJ dUr gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw hY[

q^qUpurw
puSkr qoN cl ky gurU swihb (480 iklomItr dUr) srsw huMdy hoey, q^qUpurw (srsw qoN 146 iklomItr) pu`jy[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ie`Qy Awp ny jogIAW BrQrI qy gopI cMd nwl Drm crcw kIqI (pr ieh shI nhIN hY, ieh BrQrI jogI keI mukwmI jogI sI, AvMqIpurw/jUnwgVH vwlw nhIN sI)[ q^qUpurw ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY, ijs dw ieMqzwm lopo vwly swD kol hY[

q^qUpury qoN sqluj dirAw pwr kr ky gurU swihb (92 iklomItr dUr) sulqwnpur Aw gey[ ie`QoN Awp (217 iklomItr dUr) qlvMfI (nwnkwxw swihb) pu`jy[

gurU nwnk swihb dI qIjI audwsI
kuJ idn rwey Boey dI qlvMfI ivc rih mrdwnw Pyr Drm prcwr vwsqy qIjI audwsI „qy dOrw sumyr phwV (mwnsrovr JIl) sI[ ky gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI cl pey[ ies vwr aunHW dI mMizl

pMj Dwrw qIrQ (ipMjor)
rwey Boey dI qlvMfI qoN cl ky, gurU nwnk swihb vYrovwl qy KfUr huMdy hoey goieMdvwl pu`jy Aqy ieQy ibAws dirAw pwr kIqw[ ies mgroN Awp mIrhoqw (hux luiDAwxw) phuMc ky, sqluj dirAw dy kMFy „qy cldy hoey mwCIvwVw qy ropV huMdy hoey auh (luiDAwxw qoN 125 iklomItr) ipMjOr vl gey[ ipMjOr iek pRwcIn ngr hY[ ies jgh iksy zmwny ivc BImw dyvI dw mMdr sI, ijhVw gurjwr-pRiqhwr rwijAW dy smyn (8vIN qoN 11 vIN sdI) dw jwpdw hY[ ipMjOr dw ipCokV ies qoN vI pihlW pMcwl dys dy (pWfv) rwijAW nwl jw imldw hY; ikauNik ie`Qy pWfUAW dI hkUmq dIAW inSwnIAW vI imlIAW hn[ ies jgh iek bhuq purwxI bwaulI vI hY ijs nUM pMj Dwrw bwaulI (Aqy pMj Dwrw qIrQ) vI ikhw jWdw hY ikauN ik ies jgh phwVW qoN pwxI dIAW pMj DwrW phuMcdIAW sn[ ipMjOr dw nW vI pMj pwisEN (pMj+Er) qoN Awaux vwlIAW DwrW qoN bixAw jwpdw hY[ ies mMdr nUM muslmwn hmlwvrW ny Fwh ky zmI nwl imlw id`qw sI[ mgroN ies jgh „qy muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn ny iek bwZ lgvwieAw sI, ijs nUM pihlW „muZl gwrfn‟ ikhw jWdw sI qy hux XwdivMdrw gwrfn ikhw jWdw hY)[

jd gurU nwnk swihb ie`Qy pu`jy qW mMdr qbwh ho cuky sn, pr pMj Dwrw bwaulI Ajy kwiem sI[ gurU swihb ny F`Ty hoey „pMjDwrw qIrQ‟ dy nyVy ruk ky pVwA kIqw Aqy lokW nUM s`cy Drm dw rsqw d`isAw[ ie`Qy rwq rukx mgroN Awp sumyr prbq vl jwx vwsqy mMfI v`l cl pey[

kIrqpur ‟c sweIN bu`Fx Swh nwl myl
ipMjOr qoN GnOlI huMdy hoey 56 iklomItr dw rsqw qYA kr ky gurU nwnk swihb ipMf BtOlI pu`jy[ BtolI ipMf hux kIrqpur swihb dw ih`sw hY (mOjUdw kIrqpur ngr ies qoN 113 swl mgroN gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy byty gurid`qw ny meI 1624 ivc vswieAw sI)[ mMfI nUM jwx vwsqy rsqw BtolI dy nyiVEN lMGdw hY[ BtolI ivc ijs jgh gurU nwnk swihb bYTy sn, au~Qy „gurduAwrw crn kMvl‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[

ij~Qy 1624 ivc kIrqpur vswieAw igAw sI, au~QoN koeI iek iklomItr auprvl, ipMf kilAwxpurdI iek phwVI „qy iek muslmwn PkIr sWeIN bu~Fx SwhrihMdw sI[ gurU nwnkswihb ny mMfI jwx vwsqy auDroN lMGxw sI[ rsqy ivc gurUjI ny aus nwl s`cy Drm dI crcw kIqI[ sWeIN bu~Fx Swh ny gurU nwnk swihb AqyBweI mrdwnw nUM bkrIAW dw du~D vI ipAwieAw[mgroN iksy ilKwrI ny CyvyN pwqSwh v`loN kIrqpur vswaux sbMDIiehkhwxIGVI ik gurU nwnk swihb ny sWeIN nUM ikhw sI ik AsIN qYQoN CyvyN jwmyivcAw ky du~D pIvWgy[ ieh g~l shI nhIN hY[ ho skdw hY ik sweIN bu`Fx Swh ny lMmI aumr BogI hovy qy aus ny CyvyN gurU nUM vI du`D ipAwieAw ho skdw hY pr ieh gurU nwnk swihb dy bcnW vwlI khwxI mnGVq hY; Swied ieh bu`Fn Swh dy vwrsW ny aus dyy mzwr dI AhmIAq vDwaux vwsqy GVI hovy[

ies fyry vilAW ny iek hor Zlq khwxI vI GVI hoeI hY ik jo is`K kIrqpur ivc jWdw hY pr sweIN bu`Fx Swh dy mzwr ‘qy nhIN jWdw aus dI Xwqrw pUrI (s&l) nhIN huMdI[ pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik AKOqI qIrQ Xwqrw dI is`K Drm ivc koeI QW nhIN; is`K kIrqpur ivc gurU swihb dI ieiqhwsk jgh vyKx Aqy gurU jI dI Xwd qwzw krn jWdy hn nw ik qIrQ Xwqrw krn[ dUjw, is`K iksy kbr jW smwD nUM m`Qw nhIN tykdw[ ies kr ky sweIN bu`Fx Swh dy mzwr ‘qy m`Qw tykxw gurU dI is`iKAw dy ault kwrvweI hY[ is`K aus phwVI ‘qy ieiqhwsk Xwd qwzw krn vwsqy qW jw skdw hY qy ies dI koeI mnwhI nhIN; pr auQy drSn krn dy nW ‘qy jW m`Qw tykxw is`K vwsqy gurU v`l ip`T krn dy brwbr hY[

mMfI qy rvwlsr
kIrqpur qoN cl ky gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw (130 iklomItr dUr) Ajoky mMfI Sihr pu~jy[ gurU swihb vyly mMfI Sihr bhuq izAwdw Awbwd nhIN hoieAw sI[ ieQy ies irAwsq dy rwjy Ajbr sYx ny Awpxw mhl Aqy iklHw bxwieAw sI[ gurU swihb ny ies ngr pu`j ky ibAws dirAw dy kMFy „qy pVwA kIqw[ jd gurU swihb kIrqn krn l`gy qW bhuq swry lok iek`Ty ho gey[ jd rwjw Ajbr sYx nUM aunHW dy kIrqn dw pqw lgw qW rwjw aunHW nUM Awpxy mihl ivc lY igAw[ kuJ idn gurU swihb mMfI ivc ruky[ ies dOrwn iek vwr gurU swihb (24 iklomItr dUr) ipMf rvwlsr vI gey[ rvwlsr audoN boDIAW dw Aihm sYNtr sI[ eyQy Awp ny boDIAW nwl Drm dI crcw kIqI[ (mMfI dw rwjw pihlw phwVI rwjw sI jo is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI qy ieh irAwsq sdw swry gurUAW dI v&wdwr rhI sI, pr mMfI Aqy rvwlsr, dohW ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY; hwlW ik gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc dohW jgh „qy gurduAwry bxy hoey hn[

BuMqr qy mxIkrn
mMfI qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (60 iklomItr dUr) BuMqr gey[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc Swndwr gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ BuMqr ivc gurU nwnk swihb nUM ie`QoN dw cODrI imlx AwieAw[ auh cODrI Awp qW bhuq swdw izMdgI ijaUNdw sI pr aus ny gurU swihb nUM bhuq swrIAW kImqI cIzW Byt kIqIAW[ gurU swihb ny koeI vI Bytw kbUl nw kIqI Aqy aus nUM ikhw ik auh aunHW swrIAW cIzW nUM ZrIbW qy loVvMdW ivc vMf dyvy[ cODrI gurU jI dI S^sIAq qoN bhuq pRBwivq hoieAw[

hor jgh vW| eyQy vI krwmwq qy vr dI khwxI pRclq hY ik cODrI ny ikhw ik eyQy ByfW dI aun Aqy cwvl qoN isvw kuJ nhIN huMdw[ Awp vr idE ik ieQy Pl, Anwj qy hor cIzW vI pYdw hox[ gurU swihb ny vr id`qw ik jwE quhwnUM swrIAW cIzW Akwl purK qoN lyY id`qIAW hn; hux eyQy sB kuJ pYdw hoieAw krygw[ ieho ijhIAW krwmwqW, vr qy srwp dIAW khwxIAW gurU dI isiKAw dy ault hn pr audwsIAW qy hor pujwrIAW ny ieh GV ky lokW nUM BrmwieAw hoieAw hY[

iek irvweq muqwibk gurU jI (ies qoN 36 iklomItr dUr) mnIkrn vwlI jgh vI gey sn[ Aj klH ies jgh bxy gurduAwry „qy ku`lU dy iek ihMdU dw kbzw hY[ (ies dI iemwrq nwrwwiex isMG ny bxweI sI[ mgroN mukwmI ihMdUAW nUM ^uS krn vwsqy Awpxy Awp nUM „nwrwwiex hrI‟ AKvwaux lg ipAw sI[ aus dI mOq qoN bwAd hux aus dI DI dyvW mhMqxI bxI hoeI hY[ nwrwiex isMG/hrI ny dyvW dw ivAwh ku`lU dy iek ihMdU nwl, jo iek kpVw vpwrI sI, nwl ivAwh kr id`qw sI)[ gurduAwry dy nW „qy bxI iemwrq dw muK hwl 150 qoN vD ihMdU mUrqIAW nwl BirAw hoieAw hY[ ieh gurU gRMQ swihb dI Gor byAdbI hY[ mnIkrn ivc grm pwxI dy cSmy hn; ijnHW nUM ZYbI qwkq kih ky lokW nUM Drm dy nW „qy PswieAw hoieAw hY[ grm pwxI dy ieho ijhy cSmy mnwlI, bdrInwQ, kSmIr qy hor keI jgh vI hn; Aqy dunIAW dy keI mulkW ivc bhuq jgwh iml jWdy hn[

juAwlwmuKI qy hrIpur (gulyr)
ies qoN mgroN gurU jI mMfI qoN ndOx huMdy hoey jvwlwmuKI (mMfI qoN 123 iklomItr qy ndOx qoN 13 iklomItr dUr) pu`jy[ jvwlwmuKI ivc audoN iek in`kw ijhw mMdr sI[ ies ivc koeI bu~q nhIN sI isr& iek jvwlw (lwt) sI[ ieh lwt zmIn ‟coN inkldIAW gYsW dy blx nwl inkldI sI[ ieh vI S~k kIqw jWdw hY ik ies zmIn dy hyTW XUrynIAm pdwrQ jW koeI hor gYs hY[ Axjwx lok gYs dI ies lwt nUM ZYbI smJ ky ies dI pUjw krdy sn[ audoN ieh mMdr in~kw ijhw sI; mgroN ies dI iemwrq vDdI geI[ (ies mMdr ‟qy ligAw swrw sonw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny Aqyy cWdI dy drvwzy mhwrwjw KVk isMG ny idqy sn[ rxjIq isMG dw ie`Qy lwieAw sonw drbwr swihb ‟qy lwey sony qoN ikqy vDyrI rkm dw sI)[

jvwlwmuKI dy mMdr dy bwhr mOjUd lokW nUM Awp ny Drm dI isiKAw id`qI[ ie`QoN Awp 33 iklomItr dUr gulyr irAwsq dI rwjDwnI hrIpur pu`jy gey[ ie`QoN dy rwjy ny Awp dw bhuq mwx siqkwr kIqw qy Awpxy mihl ivc r`iKAw[ mMfI qoN mgroN hrIpur dUjI irAwsq sI ijs dw rwjw is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw[

kWgVw
iek rwq hrIpur rih ky gurU swihb (39 iklomItr dUr) kWgVw pujy[ kWgVw (pihlW ies nUM ngrkot vI kihMdy sn) ivc pMjwb dy sB qoN pRwcIn ngrW ivcoN iek hY[ iek irvwieq muqwibk kdy eyQy pWfv rwjy vI rwj krdy sn[ mgroN ies irAwsq „qy ktoc rwjpUq kwbz ho gey sn[ 1009 ivc ies ngr „qy mihmUd ZznvI ny hmlw kr ky iklHy „qy kbzw kr ilAw sI qy swrw kImqI swmwn lu`t ky lY igAw sI [ iPr 1360 ivc &IrozSwh quZlk ny vI ies ngr „qy hmlw kr ky ies nUM lu`itAw sI[ 1620 qoN 1758 qk ies „qy muZlW dw kbzw irhw[ ies mgroN ie`QoN dw rwjw GuMmf cMd muZlW qy A&ZwnW dw swQI bx igAw[ iPr aus dy poqy sMswr cMd vyly, 1810 ivc ies „qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw kbzw ho igAw sI[

kWgVw ivc pRwcIn vjrySvrI dyvI dw mMdr hY[ imQhwsk khwxI muqwibk iSv dI bytI sqI ny Awpxy Awp nUM ipqw dI ^wiqr kurbwn kr id`qw sI qy iSv aus dI lwS nUM c`uk ky „qWfv nwc‟ n`c ky dunIAw qbwh krn l`gw sI qW ivSnU ny sqI dy ijsm dy 52 tukVy kr id`qy jo v`K-v`K jgh ifg pey[ sqI dI K`bI CwqI ie`Qy if`gI sI[ jd pWfv ie`Qy kwbz hoey qW aunHW ny ies dyvI dw ieh mMdr bxw id`qw[ ies mMdr nUM muslmwn hmlwvrW ny 1009 qy 1360 dy ivckwr keI vwr FwihAw Aqy swrw sonw qy hor kImqI swmwn lu`t ky lY gey sn[ mgroN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMMG ny ies „qy mxW-mUhI sonw cVHwieAw sI (jo drbwr swihb qoN ikqy vD sI)[ gurU nwnk swihb ie`Qy kuJ smW rhy qy iPr kIVgrwm nUM cl pey[

kIVgrwm (bYjnwQ)
kWgVw qoN gurU swihb (55 iklomItr dUr) kIVgrwm pu`jy[ Aj klH kIVgrwm dw nW bYjnwQ (pRwcIn bYjnwQ mMdr kr ky) hY[ aunHIN idnIN aus ielwky ivc kIV kOm dI hkUmq sI qy kIVgrwm ngr aus rwj dI rwjDwnI sI[ pihloN kIVW dI hkUmq bhuq swry ielwky ivc sI[ mgroN aunHW dw inGwr lPz SurU ho igAw[ hOlI-hOlI aunHW dw swrw ielwkw kWgVy dy rwijAW ny Koh ilAw[ vkq bIqx nwl kIVgrwm dw iklHw Aqy mihl vI Fih gey[ iPr ies jgh dw nW vI kIVgrwm dI jgh, bYjnwQ dy mMdr dy nW ‟qy, bYjnwQ hI v~jx lg ipAw[

jdoN gurU jI au~Qy gey qW kIVgrwm suhxw Sihr sI[ au~QoN dy rwjy ny gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw nUM Awpxy Gr Kwxy ‟qy sidAw[ gurU swihb ny rwjy nUM „Drm dw rwjw‟ bxn dI isiKAw idqI qy ikhw ik qUM jdoN qk „Drm dw rwjw‟ rhyNgw qyrw rwj kwiem rhygw[ kIVgrwm dw izkr AwrkIAwloijst AlYZzYNfr kinMGm ny vI AwpxI Koj ivc kIqw hY[ jvwlwmuKI, kWgVw Aqy kIVgrwm (bYjnwQ) ivc pRwcIn mMdr qW mOjUd hn pr gurU jI dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY[ hwlW ik ieh irAwsq keI swl mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy kbzy ivc vI rhI sI qy aus ny mMdrW „qy mxW mUhI sonw qW cVHwieAw pr ies ielwky ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI koeI vI Xwdgwr qk nhIN bxweI[

sumyr prbq qy jwxw
kIVgrwm (bYjnwQ) qoN cl ky gurU swihb lwhOl sip`qI dy ielwky ivc gey[ cMdr klw d~ry nyVy ipMf mlwnw ivc gurU swihb dI PyrI dw izkr AwauNdw hY[ ieQoN gurU swihb kYlwS prbq ‟qy mwnsrovr JIl‟qy phuMcy[ kYlwS nUM „sumyr‟ vI AwKdy hn[kYlwS phwV ivc do bhuq v`fIAW JIlW mwnsrovr (88 vrg mIl rkbw) qy rkSsql (320 vrg iklomItr rkbw) hn; dohW JILW ivc isr& 3.7 iklomItr dw &wslw hY[ (ieh ielwkw iqbq, cIn ivc pYNdw hY) sumyr prbq ‟qy jwx dw izkr BweI gurdws jI ny pihlI vwr dI 28vIN pauVI ivc kIqw hY[ eyQy gurU swihb ny isD jogIAW nUM isiKAw idqI[ mwnsrovr JIl dy kMFy ‟qy iqbqIAW dy kuJ mMdr hn[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ienHW mMdrW ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI pUjw vI huMdI hY[ (mwnsrovr JIl qy kYlwS phwV, iqbq, cIn, dy Sihr lHwsw qoN 940 ikloomItr dUr hY)[

kYlwS jwx vwsqy cIn qoN iqMn primt lYxy pYNdy hn qy ies jgh qk s&r nUM Gt qoN Gt 6 idn lgdy hn[ Bwrq qoN igxqI dy XwqrIAW nUM, lwtrI isstm ivc, iejwzq imldI hY qy auh auqrkwSI qoN dwi^l ho skdy hn (gurU nwnk swihb iesy rsqy qoN gey sn)[ iek rsqw kTmMfU Aqy lHwsw (iqbq) v`loN brwsqw fwrcn vI jWdw hY[ fwrcn qoN kYlwS phwV sw& nzr AwauNdw hY; ies qoN A`gy dw rsqw pYdl qYA krnw pYNdw hY[

lyh Aqy kwrigl
mwnsrovr qoN gurU swihb ldwK v`l Aw gey[ ldwK dI PyrI vyly gurU swihb lyh qoN 40 iklomItr dUr hyms dI gu&w vl vI gey[ ieQy Awp ny boDIAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw p`Qr swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY ijs dI syvw sMBwl BwrqI &Oj dy is`K krdy hn[

lyh qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (215 iklomItr dUr) kwrigl pu~jy[ kwrigl ivc vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY jo BwrqI &Oj dI ingrwnI hyT hY; ies dI syvw sMBwl vI is`K &OjI krdy hn[

AmrnwQ qy pihlgwm
kwrigl qoN cl ky gurU swihb skrdU vl gey[ ie`Qy kdy boDIAW dw Aihm kyNdr sI[ skrdU ivc vI kdy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc phwVI ‟qy gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI (hux ies dI iemwrq bhuqw ih`sw Fih cukw hY)[ ies mgroN Awp (109 iklomItr dUr) bwltwl pu`jy[ ie`Qy pVwA krn mgroN Awp br&W ‟coN lMGdy hoey Awp (bwltwl qoN swFy 14 iklomItr dUr) Amr nwQ dI gu&w ‟qy pujy[ ies jgh iek gu&w ivc iek surw^ ivcoN br& ifg-ifg ky iek lMbw ijhw tukVw bxw dyNdI hY[ keI ihMdU ies nUM „iSv dw ilMg‟ AwK ky ies dI pUjw krdy hn[ Aijhy brP dy golwkwr QMm dunIAW dy hor phwVI ielwikAW „c vI bxdy hn[ gurU swihb ny ie`Qy lokW nUM ies krm kWf dI AslIAq d`s ky scy Drm dw rsqw Dwrn krn dI isiKAw id`qI[ AmrnwQ ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc Ajy koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY (vrnw hymkMut vWg iek hor AKOqI „qIrQ‟ bx jwxw sI)[

AmrnwQ qoN cl ky gurU swihb (31 iklomItr dUr) cMdnvwVI qoN lMGdy hoey (auQoN 16 iklomItr) pihlgwm pujy[ ie`Qy vI gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY, pr hux ies „qy gurduAwrw isMG sBw ilK id`qw igAw hY[Aj klH pihlgwm kSmIr jwx vwly sYlwnIAW dI sB qoN vD mnpsMd QW hY[

m`tn
pihlgwm ivc Drm dI isiKAw dyx mgroN gurU swihb (34 iklomItr dUr) m`tn pujy[ m`tn iksy zmwny ivc iek cSmy kr ky mShUr sI[ gurU nwnk swihb iesy cSmy kol ruky sn[ cSmy dy ivckwr iek v`fw p`Qr dw QVHw sI ijs „qy bYT ky gurU jI ny bIjibhwVw dy mShUr pMfq bRhm dws nwl crcw kIqI sI[ mgroN jd muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn eyQy AwieAw qW aus ny ies cSmy dy duAwly bwZ bxvwieAw sI[ 1766 ivc ies jgh gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurmuK isMG ny pihlw gurduAwrw bxvwieAw sI[ 1821 ivc hrI isMG nlvw kSmIr dw sUbydwr bixAw qW ie`Qy bhuq swry is`K Awbwd ho gey Aqy ies jgh 7 gurduAwry bx gey[ 1846 ivc Zdwr fogrw gulwb isMh kSmIr dw rwjw bixAw[ aus dy pVpoqy pRqwp isMh (ijs ny 1885 qoN 1925 qk rwj kIqw) ny ieh swry gurduAwry Fuhw id`qy Aqy iPr aus dy pu`qr hrI isMh ny 1944 ivc cSmy dy duAwly iek mMdr bxw id`qw[ ieh mMdr gurduAwry dI zmIn ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ KwVkU muslmwn jQybMdIAW ny ienHW mMdrW nUM aufwaux dI DmkI id`qI hoeI hY; ies kr ky ienHW dy A`gy &Oj dI p`kI cONkI bxI hoeI hY[

m`tn ivc bRhm dws nUM mMjI b^Sxw: m`tn ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI pMfq bRhmdws nwl bhuq lMmI Drm crcw hoeI[ pMfq bRhmdws eyQy nyVy dy ipMf bIj ibhwVw dw rihx vwlw sI[ bRhmdws ny ikqwbW dw iek Fyr iek`Tw kIqw hoieAw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny bRhmdws dy ikqwbI ielm dw mwx qoiVAw Aqy aus nUM rUhwnIAq dw sbk id~qw[ A^Ir bRhm dq is~KI ivc Swiml ho igAw[ gurU swihb ny bRhm dws (pu`qr Twkr dws d`q) nUM kSmIr ‟c is`KI prcwr dw AwgU QwipAw[

(gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kol 25 meI 1675 dy idn &irAwdI hox vwly bRwhmxW dw jQw ies ielwky dy ijs mShUr is`K AwgU BweI ikrpw rwm d`q dI bWh PV ky AwieAw sI auh iesy bRhm dws pVpoqw sI)[

mwrqMf: m`tn dy nyVy (6-7 iklomItr dUr, ikhrIbl ipMf dy bwhrvwr) mwrqMf ivc kdy sUrj dyvqw dw mShUr mMdr hoieAw krdw sI[ ieh mMdr 500 sMn ivc bxnw SurU hoieAw sI Aqy 750 qk ies ivc vwDw huMdw irhw sI[ ies dw rkbw 220 &u`t lMmweI qy 142 &u`t cOVweI sI qy ies ivc 84 Coty mMdr sn[ pMdrvI sdI dy SurU ivc ies mMdr nUM muslmwn hwkm iskMdr buqiskn ny Fwh idqw sI[ ies nUM Fwhux ivc hI iek swl lg igAw sI[ pr, ies mMdr dy KMfr Aj vI kwiem hn[ ie`Qy bYT ky vI gurU nwnk swihb ny lokW nUM is`iKAw idqI sI[

AnMqnwg, AvMqIpurw
mwrqMf qoN gurU swihb (8 iklomItr dUr) AnMqnwg pu`jy[ ijhw ik ies dw nW drswauNdw hY (AnMq nwg= byAMq cSmy), AnMqnwg ivc iksy zmwny ivc bhuq cSmy hoxgy[ AnMqnwg muK qOr „qy muslmwnW dw Sihr hY[ ies Sihr dI AwbwdI iek l`K qoN vI vD hY[ ie`Qy vI gurU nwnk swihb ny kuJ smW pVwA kIqw sI Aqy ielwhI Drm dw pRcwr kIqw[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies jgh, gurduAwry dy nzdIk ihMdUAW dy mMdr vI hn[ KwVkU muslmwn jQybMdIAW ny m`tn vW| ienHW mMdrW nUM vI aufwaux dI DmkI id`qI hoeI hY; ies kr ky ienHW dy A`gy &Oj dI p`kI cONkI bxI hoeI hY[

bIj ibhwVw
AnMqnwg qoN gurU jI bRhm dws dy ipMf (9 iklomItr dUr) bIj ibhwVw ivc vI gey qy iek rwq aus dy Gr ivc rhy[ auQy vI gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ijhlm dirAw dy kMFy „qy puld dy nzdIk, „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies jgh 400 swl purwxy icnwr dy dr^q mOjUd hn[

AvMqIpurw
kuJ smW bIj ibhwVw ivc rihx mgroN gurU swihb (15 iklomItr dUr) AvMqIpurw pu`jy[ AvMqIpurw nUM rwjw AvMqI vrmn (rwj kwl 855 qoN 883) ny vsw ky, ies nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI[aus ny ngr ivc keI mMdr bxwey sn[ ies jgh kdy bRwhmx rwjw lilqwidqX (ijs ny 724 qoN 760 qk kSmIr „qy rwj kIqw sI) ny iek v`fw mMdr bxwieAw sI[ aus dy Qyh A`j vI nzr AwauNdy hn[ AvMqIpurw ivc gurU jI ny s`cy Drm dw pYZwm id`qw[ ie`Qy vI gurU nwnk jI dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw gurU nwnk swihb‟ bixAw hoieAw hY[

B`drvwh Aqy ikSqvwV
(sRIngr qoN 249, AnMqnwg qoN 191 Aqy jMmU qoN 154 iklomItr dUr) B`drvwh ivc, nIrU nwly dy kMFy „qy qIrQ gupq gMgw Aqy iek iklomItr dUr bwsk nwg dw mMdr hY[ hux gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc „gurduAwrw swihb‟ bxwieAw igAw hY[ iek irvwieq muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb ikSqvwV (JnW dy kMFy „qy kMFy „qy), (B`drvwh qoN 84 Aqy jMmU qoN 227 iklomItr), vI Awey sn[ pr, gurU nwnk swihb dy ie`Qy Awaux dw izkr iksy somy ivc nhIN imldw[ ieh dovyN gurduAwry Syr isMG AYm.AYs.sI. ny bxwey sn[

sRIngr, bwrwmUlw, auVI
AvMqIpurw qoN gurU nwnk swihb (30 iklomItr dUr) sRIngr pujy[ ijhlm dirAw dy kMFy „qy v`isAw sRIngr Aj-klH kSmIr dI rwjDwnI hY[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ieh Sihr mhwrwjw ASok ny vswieAw sI[ mgroN ies „qy kuSwn qy hUn kOmW dI hkUmq vI rhI sI[ ies dw sB qoN qwkqvr rwjw lilqwidqX sI (ijs ny 724 qoN 760 qk kSmIr „qy rwj kIqw sI)[ies Sihr „qy muZl hkUmq Akbr ny kwiem kIqI sI[ muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr, aus dI byZm nUr jhW, bwdSwh Swhjhwn Aqy AOrMgzyb ies jgh nUM bhuq psMd krdy sn[ nUr jhW ny ies ngr dy nyVy f`l JIl dy swhmxy SwlImwr bwZ lgvwieAw sI, jo A`j vI ies ngr dI Swn hY[

sRIngr ‟c gurU nwnk swihb dI jogIAW nwl Drm crcw hoeI[ sRIngr ivc hrI prbq qy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ sRIngr ivc SMkrwcwrIAw mMdr vwly phwV dI cotI ‟qy vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ gulwb isMh fogrw dy vyly qoN ies ‟qy audwsIAW dw kbzw hY qy aunHW ny ies nUM audwsI fyrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY[

sRIngr qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb (53 iklomItr dUr) bwrwmUlw gey[ bwrwmUlw dy nyVy hrmuK gMgw jgh ‟qy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY, pr aus dw nW gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy nW „qy hY[ eyQy rUhwnIAq dw sbk dyx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb ny Aglw pVwA (35 iklomItr dUr) auVI ksby ivc kIqw[ ieQoN tur ky Awp muz&rwbwd huMdy hoey (210 iklomitr dUr) rwvlipMfI vl cl pey[

hsn Abdwl Aqy pMjw swihb
pwiksqwn dy izlHw Atk ivc, ieslwmbwd qoN qkrIbn 40 Aqy rwvlipMfI qoN 48 qy pRwcIn ngr tYkslw dy Qyh qoN 22 iklomItr dUr (rwvlipMfI-pySwvr mwrg ‟qy) iek pRwcIn ngr[ ies dw izkr sqvIN sdI ivc Awey cInI XwqrI XUAwn zMg ny vI kIqw hY[ aus muqwibk hsn Abdwl iksy vyly boDIAW dw iek mShUr sYNtr sI[ A`j vI aus swry ielwky ivc boDIAW dy sqUpW dy KMfr nzr AwauNdy hn[hsn Abdwl vwlw cSmw keI hzwr swl purwxw hY[ ies ngr dw izkr Akbr dI „AweIn-ey-AkbrI‟ Aqy jhWgIr dI „quzk-ey-jhWgIrI‟ ivc vI AwauNdw hY[ Swh jhwn qy AOrMgzyb vI ie`Qy Tihrdy rhy sn[ (jd 1674 ivc A&ZwnW ny bZwvq kIqI sI qW AOrMgzyb aus nUM dbwaux vwsqy Awp &Oj lY ky AwieAw sI qy 1676 qk, pOxy do swl, ie`Qy irhw sI)[ hsn Abdwl Aj-klH qkrIbn 40 hzwr dI AwbwdI vwl ngr hY[

gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI qIjI audwsI dOrwn 1517-18 ivc (mwnsrovr, ldwK qy kSmIr dy dOry dOrwn) sRIngr qoN cl ky bwrwmUlw, auVI, muz&rwbwd qoN huMdy hoey rwvlipMfI v`l gey sn[ ies dOrwn Awp rwvlipMfI qoN 48 iklomItr pihlW) hsn Abdwl vwlI jgh rukyy sn[ Aj klH ies jgh nUM “pMjw swihb” vI AwKdy hn[

iek irvwieq muqwibk iksy zmwny ivc ies jgh ‟qy hsn nW dw iek gu~jr rihMdw sI, jo Swied Abdwl (A&gwinsqwn) dw rihx vwlw sI[ aus ny muswi&rW vwsqy iek srW bxweI hoeI sI[ ies pwsy ivc jwx vwly vpwrI ies srW ivc TihirAw krdy sn[ hOlI-hOlI hsn dI srW dw Awlw duAwlw Awbwd hox lg ipAw[ ies kr ky ies ipMf dw nW „hsn Abdwl‟ bx igAw[ iek hor irvwieq muqwibk hsn gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly vI ijaUNdw sI Aqy gurU nwnk swihb Aqy hsn ivckwr crcw vI hoeI sI[ hsn ny ipAwr nwl gurU swihb qy BweI mrdwnw nUM duD vI CkwieAw sI[

(iek khwxI muqwibk hsn Abdwl dy bwhrvwr iek phwV ‟qy iek SIAw muslmwn &kIr kMDwrI rihMdw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik auh k~tV muslmwn sI[ gurU nwnk swihb qy BweI mrdwnw aus nUM vI imlx gey[ kMDwrI ny gurU swihb swihb qy BweI mrdwnw dw Awauxw psMd nw kIqw[

iek hor khwxI muqwibk aus vlI kMDwrI ny mrdwny nUM iqMn vwr mMgx „qy vI pwxI nw id`qw qW gurU swihb ny iek is`l cu`kI qy aus hyToN iek cSmw inkl AwieAw[ kMDwrI dI phwVI dw swrw pwxI aus cSmy ivc Aw igAw[ ieho ijhIAW krwmwqI khwxIAW keI jgh bwry kuJ lokW ny GV leIAW hoeIAW hn)[ ieh iKAwl rhy ik vlI kMDwrI vwlI phwVI smuMdr ql qoN 700 mItr aucweI ‟qy hY (gurduAwrw smuMdr ql qoN qkrIbn 400 mItr aucweI ‟qy hY); dohW ivc qkrIbn 2 iklomItr dw &wslw hY; Aqy jy kr p`Qr su`itAw vI hovy qW do iklomItr qk ruVH ky phuMcxw nwmumikn (AsMBv)hY[

gurU nwnk swihb dy pMjw swihb jwx Aqy pMjy nwl p~Qr rokx vwlI swKI nw qW „BweI bwly vwlI jnmswKI‟ ivc hY qy nw hI „BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jWdI jnmswKI‟ ivc[ ieM\ hI „imhrbwn vwlI‟ qy „ivlwieq vwlI‟ jnmswKIAW vI ies Gtnw dw izkr nhIN krdIAW[ bwly vwlI jnmswKI ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy kMDwrI &kIr dy imlx dw izkr hY pr auh Gtnw vI hsn Abdwl ipMf ivc nhIN idKweI geI[

Aijhw jwpdw hY ik gurU nwnk swihb Awpxy imSnrI dOry vyly ie`Qy Awey sn Aqy aunHW ny muslmwnW qoN ielwvw boDIAW Aqy Awm lokW nwl vI Drm crcw kIqI sI[ swirAW ny gurU swihb dI Azmq A~gy isr JukwieAw sI[ audoN vlI kMDwrI, jo iek ktV SIAw muslmwn sI, nyVy dI phwVI dy au~pr rihMdw sI[ aus nUM lokW v`loN gurU nwnk swihb dIAW is&qW psMd nw AweIAW hoxgIAW[

mgroN gurU nwnk swihb dI hsn Abdwl dI PyrI nUM XwdgwrI bxwaux vwsqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ieQy gurduAwrw bxw idqw Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek p~Qr qy pMjw vI aukrvw idqw[ bwAd ivc ies p~Qr nUM cSmy dy nwl icxweI kr ky p~kw kr idqw igAw[ Aj auh p~Qr gurduAwry dI hdUd ‟c vgx vwly cSmy dw iek ih~sw hI nzr AwauNdw hY[ hux vI ghu nwl dyiKAW sw& pqw lgdw hY ik ieh p`Qr vKrw hY qy aunHW ctwnW ivc iPt kIqw hoieAw hY[ 27 dsMbr 1835 dy idn jrmn dw iek XwqrI bYrn cwrls ihaUgl ies jgh qoN lMiGAw sI[ p~Qr ‟qy rxjIq isMG v`loN pMjw aukrvwey jwx dw izkr ihaUgl ny

AwpxI ikqwb Travels in Kashmir and Punjab ivc kIqw hY[

BwvyN bhuqy qvwrI^I somy gurU nwnk swihb dI PyrI dw izkr nhIN krdy pr ies dw mqlb hrigz ieh nhIN ik gurU swihb au~Qy gey hI nhIN[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny iksy irvwieq kr ky hI ieh gurduAwrw bxwieAw hovygw[ gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc, bwrwmUlw qoN pMjwb dy rsqy ivc, keI jgh qy (auVI, kohwlw vgYrw ivc vI) gurduAwry bxy hoey hn[ gurU nwnk swihb kSmIr qoN iesy rsqy qoN pMjwb Awey hoxgy ikauNik bwkI dy dovyN rsqy isr& grmIAW ivc hI KulHdy hn qy swl dy bwkI swry mhIny br& pYx kr ky bMd rihMdy hn[ ies kr ky, ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik gurU swihb ipMf hsn Abdwl zrUr gey hoxgy[ (iek hor irvwieq muqwibk, gurU swihb hsn Abdwl audoN Awey sn jdoN auh m~kw qy bgdwd qoN muVy sn[ pr ieh g`l shI nhIN jwpdI).

it`lw bwlguMdweI, rohqws
hsn Abdwl qoN cl ky gurU swihb rwvlipMfI huMdy hoey (hsn Abdwl qoN 150 iklomItr dUr Aqy rwvlipMfI qoN 110 iklomItr dUr) izlw ijhlm ivc it~lw bwl guMdweI ‟qy ruky[ ieQy jogIAW dw iek v~fw fyrw sI[ gurU swihb ny fyry qoN kuJ dUr bYT ky kIrqn SurU kr idqw[ jdoN jogIAW dy muKI nUM pqw lgw qW auh au~Qy pujw Aqy gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ it~lw bwl guMdweI ‟qy vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ au~Qy iek p~Qr qy gurU swihb dy pYr dw pMjw aukrvw ky (pMjw swihb dy h`Q dy pMjy vWg) gurU swihb dI PyrI dI Xwdgwr dI inSwnI vI r`KI hoeI sI[ audoN keI QwvW ‟qy AijhIAW, pYrW Aqy h~QW dIAW, inSwnIAW bxw ky Xwd kwiem rKx dw irvwz huMdw sI[ iksy Aihm S^SIAq dI Xwd ivc pMjw jW pYr bxwayux dI irvwieq hor vI keI jgh hY[ rwmySvrm qy ibdr ivc vI gurU swihb dy pYr bxwey heoy hn[ hor S^sIAqW dy pMjy qy pYr bhuq swrIAW jgh „qy bxwey hoey Awm imldy hn[

it~lw bwl guMdweI dy nyVy hI (qkrIbn 22 iklomItr dUr) rohqws dw iklHw hY[ ieh iklHw bhuq purwxw hY[ gurU swihb vyly ieh iklHw in~kw ijhw huMdw sI[ ies nUM Syr Swh sUr ny DoKy nwl kbzy ivc lYx mgroN svwirAw Aqy vDwieAw sI[ gurU swihb ies jgh vI gey sn[ iklHy dy nwl hI iek cSmw hY[ ies cSmy nUM “cohw bwbw nwnk” AwKdy hn[ 1947 qk cSmy dw iehI nW cldw sI[ rohqws dw iklHw ipMf dInw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr hY[ rohqws dw Ajokw ksbw kw&I dyr bwAd vsxw SurU hoieAw sI[ pihlW ieQy isr& iklHw hI sI[ mwqw swihb kOr (pqnI gurU goibMd isMG swihb) dw jnm vI eyQy hoieAw sI[ aus dI Xwd ivc vI iek gurduAwrw aus dy j~dI Gr vwlI jgh ‟qy bixAw hoieAw hY[

ktws rwj
it`lw bwl guMdweI (it`lw jogIAW) qoN cl ky gurU swihb (bwl guMdweI qoN 107 iklomItr qy ckvwl qoN 40 iklomItr dUr) ktws rwj nW dy pRwcIn ipMf (coAw sYdw Swh qoN 24 iklomItr in`ky rwh ‟qy) ivc ruky[ ieQy SYv Drm dw iek purwxw, CyvIN sdI dw, mMdr sI; ijs dI audoN vwlI iemwrq sMn 900 dy krIb dI bxI hoeI sI[ imQhws muqwibk ieQy iSv dI pqnI pwrvqI dIAW A`KW coN hMJU if`gy sn (iek hor imQhws muqwibk iSv dw ktws nW dw GoVw eyQy mirAw sI)[ drAsl ieh jgh mihMjodwVo-hV`pw kwl dI hY Aqy ieh sB khwxIAW ienHW ilKwrIAW dIAW GVIAW hoeIAW hn[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb kuJ icr ruky qy aunHW ny auQy Xwqrw krn Awey lokW nUM s`cy Drm dI isiKAw id`qI[ mgroN ie`Qy iSv mMdr qoN ielwvw hor vI bhuq swry mMdr bx gey sn[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk jI dI Xwd ivc vI iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY; hux auQy isr& iemwrq hY Aqy aus dI koeI sMBwl nhIN hY[

isAwlkot

ktws qoN cl ky gurU swihb (100 iklomItr dUr) ifMgw ruky[ ies mgroN Awp (103 iklomItr dUr) isAwlkot pu~jy[ isAwlkot dw nW pMdrvIN sdI qk „slkot‟ sI[ iksy zmwny ivc ie~Qy rwjw s~l (iek hor somy muqwibk rwjw slvwn) dI hkUmq sI qy aus dy nW ‟qy hI ies ksby dw nW ipAw sI[ ijQy gurU swihb ruky sn au~Qy “gurduAwrw byr swihb” bixAw hoieAw hY[ ijs byrI hyT gurU swihb bYTy sI auh Ajy vI mOjUd hY[

„mrxw s`c qy jIxw JUT‟:

isAwlkot dw nW is`K qvwrI^ ivc, gurU nwnk swihb dy iek nzdIkI is~K, BweI mUly kr ky vI jwixAw jWdw hY[ gurU nwnk swihb dI “mrxw s~c qy jIxw JUT” vwlI swKI iesy isAwlkot nwl hI sbMD rKdI hY[ irvwieqI swKI muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb ny BweI mrdwnw nUM do pYsy dy ky toirAw qy AwiKAw ik iek pYsy dw “s~c” qy iek pYsy dw “JUT” lY Awvy[ BweI mrdwnw ny bhuq swry dukwndwrW nUM priKAw[ pr iksy nUM vI ies nukqy dI smJ nw AweI[ A^Ir, iek dukwndwr, ijs dw nW mUlw sI, ny BweI mrdwnw nUM iek kwZz ‟qy “mrxw s~c” Aqy dUjy kwZz ‟qy “jIxw JUT” ilK ky dy idqw[ drAsl, BweI mUlw smJ igAw sI ik ies ip~Cy koeI kOqk hovygw[ ies kr ky BweI mUlw Awp vI BweI mrdwnw dy ip~Cy cl ipAw[ jdoN BweI mUlw ny gurU swihb dy drSn kIqy qW aus dw idl bVw ^uS hoieAw[ aus ny gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ auh gurU swihb nUM Awpxy Gr lY igAw[ gurU swihb kuJ idn au~Qy rhy Aqy sMgqW nUM Sbd dw kIrqn Aqy Sbd dI kQw suxw ky inhwl krdy rhy[ BweI mUlw dw Gr „Drmswl‟ bx igAw[ kuJ idn mgroN jd gurU swihb au~QoN c`lx l`gy qW BweI mUlw dy idl ivc vYrwg jwigAw qy auh vI gurU swihb dy nwl hI tur ipAw[

jMmU Aqy purmMfl
isAwlkot qoN cl ky gurU swihb, BweI mrdwnw Aqy BweI mUlw (isAwlkot qoN 43 iklomItr dUr) jMmU huMdy hoey (jMmU qoN 29 iklomItr dUr) purmMfl gey[ purmMfl kdy pRwcIn iSv mMdr kr ky mShUr sI[ ies ivc kdy 111 srwvW huMdIAW sn; pr hux ieh aujwV hY[ ie`Qy kdy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek QVHw bixAw huMdw sI[ mgroN Zdwr fogry gulwb isMG ny aus nUM htvw id`qw[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bxwaux vwsqy iqMn gwgrW sony dIAW BrIAW gulwb isMh fogry nUM sONpIAW sn jo auh Awp hVp kr igAw Aqy is`K rwj ^qm hox mgroN aus ny ieQy keI iSv mMdr bxw id`qy ijnHW vwsqy iek l`K qoN vD iSv ilMg bxvwey; ienHW ivc 1400 qoN vD iSv mMdr Aqy hzwrW iSv ilMg nyVy dy ies ipMf dy mMdr ivc pey hn[

purmMfl qoN gurU jI qlvMfI v`l cl pey[ rsqy ivc Awp iek ipMf ivc ruky[ ies dw nW Aj klH kotlw mIAW im~Tw hY[ ie~Qy iek drvyS mIAW im~Tw irhw krdw sI, jo k~tV muslmwn sI[ mIAW im~Tw ny gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ mIAW im~Tw ny gurU nwnk swihb nUM AwiKAw ik r~b qoN bwAd isr& hzrq muhMmd swihb hI hn qy jo aunHW dw klmw pVHygw auhI j~nq (svrg) ivc jweygw[ ies ‟qy gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik r~b dI drgh ivc auhI kbUl hovygw jo s~cy idloN r~b nUM hwisl krn dw ierwdw kr ky sicAwr dy rsqy qy Aml krygw[ mIAW im~Tw Pyr AwKx lgw ik ijvyN qyl qoN ibnW dIvw nhIN jgdw, auvyN hI rsUl qoN ibnW injwq nhIN huMdI qy r~b nwl myl nhIN huMdw[ ies dy jvwb ivc gurU swihb ny

AwiKAw ik “rUhwnI ielm” hwisl krn, “s~c” dI pCwx krn, Aqy AmlI izMdgI ivc “sicAwr” dw rsqw cuxn nwl injwq imldI hY Aqy r~b dI smJ pYNdI hY[ gurU swihb ny iek Sbd aucwirAw:

soeI maulw ijin jgu mauilAw hirAw kIAw sMswro] Awb Kwku ijin bMiD rhweI DMnu isrjxhwro] mrxw mulw mrxw] BI krqwrhu frxw] qw qU mulw qw qU kwjI jwxih nwmu KudweI] jy bhuqyrw piVAw hovih ko rhY n BrIAY pweI] soeI kwjI ijin Awpu qijAw ieku nwmu kIAw AwDwro] hY BI hosI jwie n jwsI scw isrjxhwro] pMj vKq invwj gujwrih pVih kqyb kurwxw] nwnku AwKY gor sdyeI rihE pIxw Kwxw] (ieh Sbd gurU swihb ivc s&y 25 ‟qy drj hY)[

gurU swihb ny mIAW im~Tw nUM smJwieAw ik Asl muslmwn auh hY ijs dy idl ivc imhr, isdk, srm, sIl, s~c dI krxI qy hor cMgy ienswnI gux hn[ iehI msIq hY, iehI mus`lw hY, iehI kurwn pVHnw hY, iehI rozy hn, iehI kwbw hY, iehI qsbI hY qy iehI klmw hY[ iehI Asl rUhwnIAq hY[:

imhr msIiq, isdku muslw, hk hlwlu kurwxu] srm suMniq, sIlu rojw, hohu muslmwxu]

krxI kwbw, scu pIru, klmw krm invwj] qsbI sw iqsu BwvsI nwnk rKY lwj] (s&w 140) pMij invwjw, vKq pMij, pMjw pMjy nwau]

pihlw scu hlwlu duie, qIjw KYr Kudwie] cauQI nIAiq rwis mnu, pMjvI isPiq snwie] krxI klmw AwiK kY, qw muslmwxu sdwie] nwnk jyqy kUiVAwr, kUVY kUVI pwie]

muslmwxu khwvxu musklu, jw hoie qw muslmwxu khwvY] Avil Aauil dInu kir imTw, mskl mwnw mwlu muswvY] hoie musilmu dIn muhwxY, mrx jIvx kw Brmu cukwvY] r b kI rjwie mMny isr aupir, krqw mMny Awpu gvwvY]

qau nwnk srb jIAw imhrMmiq, hoie q muslmwxu khwvY] (s&w 141)

mIAW im~Tw dy Gr qoN cl ky gurU swihb Awpxy ipMf qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw swihb) Aw gey[ gurU swihb ny BweI mUlw dI pCwx Awpxy Gr vwilAW qy purwxy dosqW nwl krvweI[ kuJ icr qlvMfI ivc rih ky BweI mUlw isAwlkot vwips clw igAw[

gurU nwnk swihb dI cOQI audwsI
kuJ idn qlvMfI rihx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb Pyr Drm prcwr vwsqy cl pey[ ies vwr auh Swied sB qoN pihlW sulqwnpur hI gey sn[ jlMDr dw nvwb dOlq ^wn loDI audoN pMjwb dw sUbydwr bx cuikAw sI[ BwvyN auh vDyry kr ky lwhOr hI rihMdw hovygw pr kdy-kdy sulqwnpur Aw ky AwpxI jwgIr qy Pyrw mwr jWdw sI[ ies vwr aus dw myl gurU nwnk swihb nwl ho igAw[ aus ny gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ies vwr dOlq ^wn loDI ny jW iks muslmwx pIr-&kIr jW iPr ikqy BweI mrdwny ny g~l kIqI hovygI jW gurU swihb ny ^ud soicAw hovygw ik auh jogIAW, boDIAW, jYnIAW qy ihMdUAW dy qIrQW vwly bhuqy fyirAW Aqy ngrW iv~c jw cuky hn, qy hux m~kw, mdInw qy hor muslm ngrW ivc vI jwxw cwhIdw hY[ aunHW idnW ivc keI muslmwn h`j krn vwsqy m`kw jwx dIAW iqAwrIAW kr rhy sn[ auQy pu`jx vwly hzwrW lokW nwl Drm-crcw krn dI soc nwl gurU swihb ny m~kw qy mdInw vl jwx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[

pwkptn
sulqwnpur qoN cl ky gurU swihb Swied sB qoN pihlW pwkptn gey hoxgy[ iek somy muqwibk Awp pwkptn ivc pihloN vI Aw cuky sn[ Sy^ &rId (1179 – 1263) dI g~dI qy aunHW idnW ivc Sy^ bRhm (iebrwhIm ibn ADm) bYTw sI[ pwkptn ivc Awp ny gurbwxI dw kIrqn kr ky suxwieAw[ ies mgroN Sy^ &rId dy cyilAW ny kIrqn kIqw[ kuJ idn ieM\ hI kIrqn huMdw irhw Aqy Drm crcw cldI rhI[ pwkptn ivc Awp kuJ idn rhy qy Pyr Agy cl pey[

mulqwn
pwkptn qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb ny Aglw pVwA mulqwn ivc kIqw[ mulqwn ivc aunHIN idnIN bVy pIr &kIr rihMdy sn[ gurU swihb vyly mulqwn ivc Sy^ bhwau~dIn zkrIAw kurYSI (1170- 1267) dI g~dI dI bVI mwnqw sI[ gurU swihb vyly ies g~dI qy Sy^ bhwau~dIn dI kul ivcoN iek bhwau~dIn m^dUm bYTw sI[

gurU nwnk swihb dy mulqwn jwx bwry iek swKI mShUr hY[ jdoN gurU swihb mulqwn gey qW auQoN dy pIrW &kIrW ny gurU swihb nUM duD dw n`ko-n`k BirAw iek ipAwlw pyS kIqw[ ies dw mqlb ieh sI ik mulqwn pihloN hI pIrW &kIrW nwl BirAw Sihr hY Aqy eyQy hor pIr nhIN smwA skdw[ gurU nwnk swihb ny iek Pu~l dI p~qI aus duD au~qy itkw idqI[ ies dw mqlb ieh sI ik jy n~ko-nk Bry duD dy ipAwly ‟qy iek Pu~l dI p~qI itk skdI hY qW pIrW &kIrW dy Sihr ivc „pIrW dw pIr‟ bwbw nwnk vI soB skdw hY[ mulqwn ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy bhwau~dIn m^dUm ivc keI vwr Drm crcw hoeI[ ies mOky ‟qy bhuq swry pIr-&kIr vI crcw ivc Swiml ho ky rUhwnI ielm dw AnMd ilAw krdy sn[ kuJ idn gurU swihb au~Qy rhy Aqy Pyr A~gy vl tur pey[

au¤c SrI&
mulqwn qoN cl ky gurU swihb au~c (hux au~c SrI&) ngr ivc ruky[ au~c ngr vI muslmwn pIrW &kIrW dw Sihr mMinAw jWdw sI[ ies ngr ivc sXd jlwludIn bu^wrI „sur^ poS‟ (1199-1291) dI g~dI dI bVI mwnqw sI[ au~Qy gurU swihb jlwl bu^wrI dy g~dIdwr Sy^ hwjI Abdul gu&wrI kol Tihry[ aus nwl gurU swihb ny Drm crcw kIqI[ kuJ idn gurU swihb au~Qy rhy Aqy Pyr A~gy cl pey[ au~c ngr iv~c 1947 qk gurU nwnk swihb dIAW KVwvW, bYrwgn, p~Qr dy kVy, gurj qy l~kV dI byVI peIAW sn[ hux ieh ngr pwiksqwn ivc hY[

hnumwngVH, kolwieq, poKrn, bIkwnyr qy lKpq
au~c qoN gurU nwnk swihb (qkrIbn 160 iklomItr dUr) Btnyr (hux hnumwngVH) pu`jy[ ie`Qy pVwA krn mgroN Awp (270 iklomItr dUr) kolwieq pu`jy[ kolwieq ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek AwlISwn gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ kolwieq qoN gurU jI (178 iklomItr dUr) poKrn gey[ ie`Qy gurU jI ny lokW nUM s`cy rm dI isiKAw dw sbk id`qw[ ie`Qy l`gy borf „qy vI iek krwmwqI g`p khwxI ilKI hoeI hY ik mrdwny nUM Bu`K l`gI qW gurU swihb ny aus nUM A`k dy bUty qoN KKVIAW qoV ky Kwx vwsqy ikhw, pr nwl hI ikhw ik vwDU nwl nw bMnHIN[ mrdwnw kihx l`gw qusIN mzwk pey krdy ho, ieh qW A`k dy bUty hn! gurU jI ny ikhw qUM Kw ky qW vyK[ mrdwny ny jd KwDIAW qW aus nUM suAwd l`gIAW qy aus ny kuJ qoV ky nwl vI bMnH leIAW[ Agly Blk jd bMnHIAW KKVIAW Kwx l`gw qW suL (drd) auT ipAw qW gurU jI ny aus nUM ikhw ik qYnUM ikhw sI ik nwl nw bMnHIN[ iPr gurU jI ny ^ud Awp iek hor A`k dy bUty qoN hor KKVI qoVI qy mrdwny nUM KuAw id`qI qy auh nO-br-nO ho igAw[ ies g`p khwxI ivc mrdwny vrgy mhwn sMgIqkwr dw mzwk aufwieAw hoieAw hY; aus nUM Bu`Kw Aqy lwlcI d`isAw hoieAw hY[ ieho ijhIAW mnGVq g`p khwxIAW keI gurduAwirAW dy borfW ‟qy ilKIAW hoeIAW hn[

poKrn qoN gurU swihb (219 iklomItr dUr) bIkwnyr gey[ bIkwnyr ngr 1488 ivc rwE bIkw ny vswieAw sI[ sB qoN pihlW aus ny iek iklHw auswirAw sI (ijs nUM jUnwgVH iklHw dy nW nwl jwixAw jWdw hY)

bIkwnyr ivc gurU jI ijs jgh bYTy sn auQy iek in`kw ijhw sq nwrwiex mMdr hY (ies nUM KqrIAW dw mMdr vI ikhw jWdw hY)[ ies mMdr dy AMdr gurU jI dy bYTx dI jgh „qy, aunHW dy nW „qy iek QVHw bixAw hoieAw hY; ies nUM gurU jI dI CqrI vI kihMdy hn[ ies „qy iek in`kw ijhw inSwn swihb vI l`gw hoieAw hY Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp vI mOjUd hY[ gurU nwnk purb „qy bIkwnyr dy is`K iek ngr kIrqn k`Fdy hn jo ieQy jw ky ^qm huMdw hY[ auN\ bIkwnyr ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw vI bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dI nINh 1924 ivc r`KI geI sI[ ies ivc XwqrUAW vwsqy iek srW vI bxI hoeI hY[

bIkwnyr qoN jYslmyr huMdy hoey gurU nwnk swihb Ajoky gujrwq sUby dy k~C ielwky ivc bsqw bMdr bMdrgwh ‟qy gey[ Aj klH ies dw nW lKpq hY qy hux ieh iek aujiVAw hoieAw ksbw hY[ iksy zmwny ivc ieh bhuq v`fI bMdrgwh sI qy ie`Qy Awaux vwly swmwn qoN iek idn dI AwmdnI iek l`K koVIAW sI[ ie`Qy cwvl dI bhuq vDIAw KyqI hoieAw krdI sI[ 1801 ivc jmWdwr &qih muhMmd ny ie`Qy iek bhuq v`fw iklHw, 7 iklomItr rkby ivc, bxwieAw sI[ pr 1819 ivc iek BUcwl ny ies Sihr nUM qbwh kr id`qw qy hux ies nUM „BUqW dw Sihr‟ ikhw jWdw hY[ ie`QoN dI AwbwdI isr& cwr swFy cwr sO dy krIb hY[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb dw gurduAwrw, pIr muhMMmd kUbo dw mkbrw Aqy iklHy dy KMfrW qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN hY[

gurU nwnk swihb lKpq ivc 1518 ivc Awey sn[ ie~Qy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek bhuq purwxw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dI iemwrq gurduAwirAW ivcoN Swied sB qoN purwxI hY[ (ieh gurduAwrw AwrikAwlojI mihkmy v`loN sur`iKAq kOmI ^zwnw AYlwinAw hoeAw hY) ie`Qy gurU jI dIAW KVwvW peIAW hox dw dwAvw vI kIqw jWdw hY[ ienHW dy nwl hI ieh iemwrq bxwaux vwly dIAW KVwvW vI gurU gRMQ swihb dy nyVy rKIAW hoeIAW hn jo gurU gRMQ swihb dI Gor byAdbI hY[

m`kw: „r`b hr QW mOjUd hY‟ smJwauxw
kuJ icr lKpq rukx mgroN gurU swihb m~ky jwx vwsqy A~gy tur pey[ie~QoN gurU swihb ny byVI rwhIN s&r kIqw sI[ gurU swihb dy zmwny ivc m~ky jwx vwsqy son imAwnI qoN mskt Aqy Asl Asvd qk byVI dw s&r kIqw jWdw sI[ Asl Asvd j~dw qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr hY[ gurU nwnk swihb, Swied, Asl Asvd dy rsqy hI m~kw gey sn[ gurU nwnk swihb dsMbr 1518 ivc m~kw pu~jy sn[ aus swl h~j 20 dsMbr nUM sI[ audoN ZYr muslmwn m`kw ngr ivc jw skdy sn (pr kwAbw dI msijd ivc nhIN); pr vIhvIN sdI dy A`D ivc aunHW dy jwx „qy pwbMdI lw id`qI geI sI[

gurU nwnk swihb dI m~kw PyrI bwry do swKIAW bhuq mShUr hn[ pihlI swKI ieh hY ik jdoN gurU nwnk swihb au~c qoN m~ky vl cly sn qW mulqwn dy m^dUm bhwau~dIn Aqy au~c dy hwjI Abdul bu^wrI vI aunHW nwl c`ly sn[ auh dovyN ^uSkI dy rsqy qoN (eIrwn, eIrwk dy rsqy) m~ky gey sn qy gurU nwnk swihb smuMdr dy rsqy byVI rwhIN m~ky gey[ byVI rwhIN m~ky dw s&r CyqI qYA ho jWdw hY[ so, gurU swihb pihloN phuMc gey Aqy dovyN muslmwn g~dIdwr mgroN pujy[ gurU nwnk swihb nUM pihloN pu~jw vyK ky aunHW ny ieh smiJAw ik gurU nwnk swihb iksy ZYbI qwkq nwl au~f ky m~ky pujy hn[

dUjI swKI muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb rwq sOx vyly kwAby vl pYr kr ky sON gey[ qVky jdoN jIvx nW dy iek hwjI ny gurU swihb nUM kwAby vl pYr kr ky su~qy vyiKAw qW aus ny pYr nwl gurU swihb nUM ihlwieAw Aqy AwiKAw ik qusIN r~b dy Gr vl pYr kr ky su~qy pey ho[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik ieslwm qW kihMdw hY ik ^udw qW au~l-AwlmIn (Xwin, r`b swry pwsy mOjUd) hY[ pr iPr vI jy quhwfw idl nhIN mMndw qW BweI myry pYr aus pwsy vl kr dy ijs pwsy ^udw dw Gr nhIN[ ies qy jIvx ny gurU swihb dy pYr PV ky scmuc dUjy pwsy kr id`qyy[ gurU swihb ny jIvx nUM puiCAw ik ijs pwsy vl myry pYr kIqy hn kI aus pwsy v~l rb nhIN hY? jIvx kol koeI jvwb nhIN sI[ A^Ir jIvx ny hiQAwr sut idqy qy gurU swihb qoN muAw&I mMgI[ gurU swihb ny hwzr lokW nUM kurwn ‟coN iek Awieq suxw ky smJwieAw ik „r`b aul AwlmIn‟ (hr QW mOjUd) hY[ ies Gtnw nUM „m`kw Pyrnw‟ wK ky Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[

ies kOqk mgroN lok gurU swihb dy duAwly juV gey Aqy Drm crcw krn lg pey[ aunHW ‟coN iek ny puiCAw ik “ikqwb” (i&lws&I) muqwibk (&ls&y muqwibk) ihMdU v~fw hY ik muslmwn? gurU nwnk swihb ny AwiKAw iksy vI Drm vwly mW-bwp dy Gr jMm pYx nwl AwdmI Cotw jW v~fw nhIN huMdw[ jo ienswn s`c dy rsqy ‟qy cldw hY, Drm ‟qy pUrw Aml krdw hY Aqy s~c dI izMdgI jINdw hY, auhI v~fw hY[ isr& bwhrI pihrwvw rKxw qy krm kWf Drm nhIN[ Asl Drm hY: s~c dI izdgI jIxw[

A`j klH kuJ muslmwnW ny prcwr SurU kIqw hoieAw hY ik gurU nwnk swihb m`ky nhIN gey sn Aqy jy gey sn qW auh iek muslmwn vjoN gey hoxgy[ drAsl ieh lok A`j dy ihswb nwl g`l krdy hn[ hux m`kw ivc koeI ZYr muslmwn nhIN jw skdw jd ik do sO swl pihlW AijhI koeI pwbMdI nhIN sI; audoN eIsweI vI jw cuky sn[ dUjw audoN m`ky ivc ZYr muslmwnW „qy nhIN blik bUq pUjx vwilAW „qy (audoN Arb dy bhuqy lok buq pUjdy huMdy sn) pwbMdI sI qy gurU nwnk swihb bu`q pUjx dy mu^wil& sn[ kurwn ivc (surw 9, Awieq 28 ivc, pMjwbI qrjmw, s&w 409 „qy) iliKAw hY ik “hy SrDwlIE! muSirk lok (buq pUjx vwly) XkInn plIq hn (Xwin aunHW dy idl su`cy nhIN hn); ies kr ky ies swl qoN mgroN aunHW nUM pwik msIq (kwby) ivc nw vVn id`qw jwvy[” ies ivc sw& izkr hY ik “msIq dy AMdr” nw vVn id`qw jwvy[ pr hux dy vhwbIAW ny swrw Sihr hI bYn kr id`qw hY[ ieh lok ieh vI nhIN jwxdy ik kurwn SrI& ivc qW ieh vI iliKAw hY ik hzrq muhMmd ny qW iekrmw vrgy ZYr muslmwn nUM m`ky ivc rihx dI iejwzq vI id`qI hoeI sI (sUrq 9, Awieq 2, pMjwbI qrjmw s&w 396)[

mdInw
gurU nwnk swihb kuJ idn m~ky rhy qy Pyr mdIny vl cly gey[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik auh Awp Sihr dy AMdr nhIN gey qy aunHW BweI mrdwnw nUM mdIny dI izAwrq krn vwsqy Byj id~qw hovygw[ gurU nwnk swihb dI mdIny Sihr ‟c jwx jW au~Qy Drm crcw krn jW iksy hor Gtnw dw iksy somy ivc izkr nhIN imldw[

mdInw qoN gurU swihb pMjwb vl vwips cl pey[ gurU swihb ny ies vwr smuMdr dI bjwey ^uSkI dw rwh cuixAw[ mOjUdw kuvYq dy ielwky ivcoN lMGdy hoey gurU swihb bgdwd dy Sihr bsrw p`ujy[ kuJ icr bsrw rukx mgroN Awp krblw huMdy hoey bgdwd vl cl pey[ m~kw qoN mdInw qkrIbn 480 iklomItr hY, mdInw qoN bsrw koeI 1000 iklomItr hY qy bsrw qoN krblw 250 iklomItr hY[ krblw qoN bgdwd isr& 100 iklomItr rih jWdw hY[ bgdwd ivc aunHIN idnIN eIrwn dy bwdSwh AbU Al-muz`&r ibn hYdr As-s&vI (17.7.1487 – 23.5.1524), ijs nUM Swh iesmweIl vI kihMdy hn, dI hkUmq sI[ aus ny julweI 1501 ivc AzrbweIjW dy bwdSwh nUM hrwieAw qy bwkU qy kbzw kr ilAw qy Awp bwdSwh bx bYTw[ aus ny qbrIz nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxieAw sI[ 1509 qk aus ny swry ierwk qy ierwn „qy vI kbzw kr ilAw hoieAw sI[ auh bVw D~kw-Kor SIAw muslmwn sI; lok aus qoN bhuq duKI sn[ pr, auh iek cMgw AdIb vI sI; aus ny 1450 nzmW ilKIAW sn[

bZdwd : l`KW pwqwl qy l`KW Awsmwn
bgdwd phuMc ky gurU swihb Sihr dy bwhr aus jgh ruky ijQy Aj klH bgdwd dw rylvy stySn hY[ ies dy nyVy hI iek purwxw kbirsqwn vI hY[ gurU swihb ny kuJ icr Arwm krn mgroN kIrqn SurU kr idqw[ kIrqn dI Awvwz ‟qy lok iek~Ty ho gey[ gurU swihb ny Sbd gWivAw:

pwqwlw pwqwl lK Awgwsw Awgws[...

kIrqn dI Awvwz sux ky keI lok iek`Ty ho gey[ ienHW ivc iek isAwxw muslmwn pIr dsqgIr vI sI[ gurU swihb dy ies slok qy pIr dsqgIr ny gurU swihb nwl crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik ijvyN ieslwm AwKdw hY ik r~b sqvyN Awsmwn qy rihMdw hY, ies nwl qW r~b dI qwkq dI h~d bMnHI jWdI hY, Xwin jy r`b sqvyN Awsmwn ‟qy hY qW auh hr QW mOjUd nhIN ho skdw[ jd ik r`b dI mOjUdgI qy r~b dI qwkq nUM im~iQAw nhIN jw skdw[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM ieh vI smJwieAw ik isr& s`q Awsmwn nhIN hn, ieh qW l`KW (byAMq) Awsmwn qy pwqwl hn[ pIr dsqgIr ny dUjw nukqw sMgIq (kIrqn) dw auTwieAw[ auh AwKx lgw ik ieslwm ivc srod (sMgIq) mnHw hY[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM d`isAw ik r~b dI mihmw gwaux vwsqy qW kIrqn rUhwnI ^urwk hY[ ieslwm srod nUM ies kr ky mnHw krdw hY ik ieh Sihvq qy hor burweIAW vl tordw hY[ r~b dI mihmw vwsqy kIrqn nUM Awm srod nwl nhIN mylxw cwhIdw[ ies ‟qy pIr dsqgIr dI qs~lI hoeI[ pIr dsqgIr ny gurU swihb dI Azmq A~gy isr JukwieAw[ aunHW idnW ivc bihlol nW dw iek PkIr vI au~Qy rihMdw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb dI is~KI Dwrn kIqI[ iek somy muqwibk bihlol, aus mgroN 60 swl qk ijaUNdw irhw Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dI is~iKAw Aqy aunHW dI Azmq dw prcwr krdw irhw[ aus ny gurU swihb dI Xwd iv~c iek QVHw bxwieAw qy iek p~Qr aukrvw ky au~Qy lw idqw[ hux au~Qy mOjUd nhIN hY[ aus au~qy qurkI zbwn iv~c aukrI iebwrq dw pMjwbI qrjmw ieM\ hY:

“vyKo mhwn r~b ny murwd pUrI kIqI[ bwbw nwnk drvyS vwsqy nvIN iemwrq iqAwr hoeI[ ies dy bxwaux iv~c s~q r~bI drvySW ny mdd kIqI[ ^uSnsIb cyly ny zmIn „coN pwxI dw nvW prvwh clwieAw[”

ies p~Qr qy 927 ihjrI dI qwrIK aukrI hoeI hY[ 927 ihjrI cwlU kYlMfr dw 1520 sMnH bxdw hY[ 1518 iv~c h~j 20 dsMbr nUM sI[ m`kw qoN bZdwd pYdl jwx vwsqy svw ku swl lg jwxw mwmUlI g`l hY[ ies kr ky gurU nwnk swihb bgdwd ivc 1520 dIAW grmIAW ivc phuMcy hoxgy[ ikhw jWdw hY ik Aj klH vI ierwk ivc iek i&rkw Aijhw hY jo gurU nwnk swihb nUM Awpxw pIr mMndy hn[ auh lok dwVHI kys vI rKdy hn qy Awpxy Awp nUM muslmwn vI nhIN mMndy[ aunHW ivcoN bhuqy suinAwr dw kMm krdy hn[ ho skdw hY ik ieh lok BweI bihlol dI AOlwd ivcoN hox jW aus dy prcwr sdkw isK sjy hox[

qbrIz, mShd, bl&, jlwlwbwd
kuJ idn bgdwd ivc Tihrx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb krmnSwh qy hmydwn huMdy hoey (876 iklomItr dUr) eIrwn dy Sihr qihrwn gey[

iPr qihrwn qoN Awp (896 iklomItr dUr) mShd huMdy hoey (463 iklomItr dUr) A&Zwinsqwn dy Sihr hYrwq pu~jy[ kuJ icr hYrwq ivc rukx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb 811 iklomItr dUr) A&gwinsqwn dy ngr kwbl vl tur pey[ kwbl nUM bwbr ny 1518 iv~c ijiqAw sI[ 1520 ivc au~Qy ausy dI hkUmq sI[ kwbl ivc pwn cOk ju~bw ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ 1947 qoN mgroN A&gwn hkUmq ny iek sVk bxwaux vyly ies nUM Fwh id~qw sI[ mgroN is~KW ny iek hor jgh „qy iek nvW gurduAwrw bxwieAw sI[kwbl qoN gurU nwnk swihb (155 iklomItr dUr) jlwlwbwd pu`jy[jlwlwbwd ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek Swndwr gurduAwrw mOjUd hY)[

kwbl qy jlwlwbwd ivc bhuq purwxy smyN qoN hI is`K vsdy rhy hn[ 1990 qoN pihlW A&Zwinsqwn ivc 50 hzwr qoN vD is`K rihMdy sn, pr hux isr& 800 prvwr (3000 jxy) hI rih gey hn[ kimaUinstW Aqy qwilbwn dI hkUmq mgroN eyQoN bhuq is~K ieMglYNf, pwiksqwn, Bwrq qy hor dySW ivc cly gey sn[

ipSwvr
kuJ idn jlwlwbwd ivc rukx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb piksqwn dy Sihr lMfI koql huMdy hoey (130 iklomItr dUr) ipSwvr vl cl pey[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ie~Qy gurU nwnk swihb dw sB qoN vDIAw swQI, Awpxy zmwny dw sB qoN v~fw-sMgIqkwr, BweI mrdwnw cVHweI kr igAw[ gurU swihb ny AwpxI h~QIN BweI mrdwnw nUM d&nwieAw[ BweI mrdwnw nUM ijs jgh (Swhkot ipMf) d&nwieAw igAw sI, 1947 qk aus dy nyVy BweI mrdwnw dI Xwd iv~c iek gurduAwrw vI bixAw hoieAw sI[ pr bhuqy qvwrI^I somy ieh mMndy hn ik BweI mrdwny dI mOq, ies qoN keI swl mgroN, krqwrpur (rwvI dy kMFy) ivc hoeI sI[

kuJ idn ipSwvr ivc rihx mgroN nOSihrw, Atk, rwvlipMfI qy gujrKwn huMdy hoey gurU nwnk swihb (265 iklomItr dUr) dInw ipMf (ijhlm qoN 21 iklomItr dUr) pu`jy[ ie`QoN Awp 7 iklomItr dUr, 3200 Pu`t aucI phwVI „qy it`lw jogIAW, ijs nUM gorK htVI vI kihMdy hn „qy gey[ it`lw jogIAW ikauNik iek bhuq aucI phwVI hY ies kr ky ie`QoN bhuq ^UbsUrq nzwrw nzr AwauNdw hY[ ie`QoN mMfI bhwaudIn, ijhlm, gujrw qy ckvwl dy ielwikAW qy rohqws iklHy dw idRS mwixAw jw skdw hY[ muZlq bwdSwh jhWgIr ies jgh „qy keI vwr AwieAw sI[

gorK htVI aunHW idnW ivc jogIAW dw iek mShUr sYNtr sI[ ie~Qy iek bVw v~fw, koeI 30 ku mItr au~cw, ip~pl dw dr^q sI[ iksy zmwny ivc ieh boDIAW dw iek v`fw sYNtr vI irhw sI[ boDIAW dy zvwl (pqn) mgroN ies jgh qy gorKpMQI jogIAW ny vI Awpxw fyrw bxw ilAw sI[ gorK htVI ivc jogIAW ny gurU swihb nwl gRihsqI qy audwsI nukiqAW bwry Drm crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik dunIAW C`f dyxw Drm nhIN hY; Drm dw rsqw qW „ivcy gRihsq audws‟ vwlw hY[ Asl Drm hY: „dunIAW ivc rihMidAW mwieAw jwl qoN idlgIr‟ rihxw[ kuJ icr gorK htVI rihx mgroN gurU nwnk swihb A~gy cl pey[ gorK htVI ivc vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw huMdw sI[

sYdpur (eymnwbwd): bwbr dy hmly dw hwl vyKxw
gorK htVI qoN cl ky gurU swihb (117 iklomItr dUr) sYdpur (hux eymnwbwd) ruky (gujrWvwlw qoN 15 iklomItr dUr hY)[ ie~Qy gurU swihb dy murId BweI lwlo qy BweI Bwgo rihMdy sn[ jdoN gurU swihb sYdpur phuMcy qW Sihr aujwV bixAw ipAw sI[ jdoN bwbr ny hmlw kIqw qW ies Sihr dy pTwx hwkmW ny bwbr dw twkrw kIqw pr hwr gey[ bwbr ny ies Sihr nUM ij~qx mgroN lu~itAw Aqy bwAd ivc qbwh kr idqw sI[ swry Aihlkwr, AmIr qy hwkm igR&qwr kr ky jylH ivc sut idqy sn[ eys hwlq bwry gurU nwnk swihb ny do Sbd ilKy[ kuJ lyKkW v~loN ienHW SbdW nUM ZlqI nwl „bwbr vwxI‟ iliKAw jWdw hY[:

jYsI mY AwvY Ksm kI bwxI qYsVw krI igAwnu vy lwlo] pwp kI jM\ lY kwblhu DwieAw jorI mMgY dwnu vy lwlo] srmu Drmu duie Cip Kloey kUVu iPrY prDwnu vy lwlo] kwjIAw bwmxw kI gl QkI Agdu pVY sYqwnu vy lwlo] muslmwnIAw pVih kqybw kst mih krih Kudwie vy lwlo] jwiq snwqI hoir ihdvwxIAw eyih BI lyKY lwie vy lwlo] KUn ky soihly gwvIAih nwnk rqu kw kuMgU pwie vy lwlo] swihb ky gux nwnku gwvY mws purI ivic AwKu msolw] ijin aupweI rMig rvweI bYTw vyKY viK iekylw] scw so swihbu scu qpwvsu scVw inAwau krygu msolw]kwieAw kpVu tuku tuku hosI ihdusqwnu smwlsI bolw] Awvin ATqrY jwin sqwnvY horu BI auTsI mrd kw cylw] sc kI bwxI nwnku AwKY scu suxwiesI sc kI bylw] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 722)

Kurwswn Ksmwnw kIAw ihMdusqwnu frwieAw] AwpY dosu n dyeI krqw jmu kir muglu cVwieAw] eyqI mwr peI krlwxy qYN kI drdu n AwieAw] krqw qUM sBnw kw soeI] jy skqw skqy kau mwry qw min rosu n hoeI] skqw sIhu mwry pY vgY KsmY sw pursweI] rqn ivgwiV ivgoey kuqˆØI muieAw swr n kweI] Awpy joiV ivCoVy Awpy vyKu qyrI vifAweI] jy ko nwau Drwey vfw swd kry min Bwxy] KsmY ndrI kIVw AwvY jyqy cugY dwxy] mir mir jIvY qw ikCu pwey nwnk nwmu vKwxy] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 360)

iek irvwieq muqwibk bwbr dy hukm nwl gurU nwnk swihb nUM vI igR&qwr kIqw igAw pr mgroN bwbr ny ies nUM Zlq mihsUs kr ky Awp nUM CyqI hI irhw kr idqw sI (pr ieh shI nhIN jwpdw ikauNik gurU nwnk swihb bwbr dy hmly qoN kw&I mhIny mgroN sYdpur pu~jy sn)[ sYdpur nUM mgroN Syr Swh sUr ny Pyr vswieAw qy ies dw nW SyrgVH riKAw sI[ 1582 iv~c ies nUM Akbr dy iek Aihlkwr muhMmd AmIn ny muV Awbwd kIqw qy AYmnwbwd riKAw)[ gurU nwnk swihb kuJ idn au~Qy rhy Aqy Pyr Awpxy ipMf rwey Boie dI qlvMfI (nwnkwxw swihb) muV Awey[

audwsIAW mgroN krqwrpur vswauxw
gurU nwnk swihb dI pihlI audwsI AkqUbr 1507 qoN SurU ho ky 1510 qk, dUjI audwsI 1511 qoN 1514 qk Aqy qIjI 1514 qoN 1516 qk qy cOQI 1517 qoN 1521 qk clI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny ienHW iqMnW audwsIAW ivc 14 swl qoN vDyry smW Drm prcwr dy s&r iv~c ibqwieAw[ 1522 ivc gurU nwnk swihb ny AwpxIAW lMMmIAW audwsIAW ^qm kr idqIAW sn qy audwsIAW vwlw pihrwvw auqwr idqw sI[ ies dI qweId BweI gurdws ny vI AwpxI pihlI vwr dI 38vIN pauVI ivc kIqI hY:

iPir bwbw AwieAw krqwrpuir, ByKu audwsI sgl auqwrw[ pihir sMswrI kpVy, mMjI bYiT kIAw Avqwrw[
1522 ivc vwips muVn mgroN gurU nwnk swihb kuJ idn qlvMfI rhy sn Aqy

Pyr Awpxy shuirAW dy ipMf p~Koky vl gey[ p~Koky rwvI dy dUjy kMFy ‟qy sI[ rwvI dy ies kMfy ‟qy aujwV jgh sI[ gurU swihb nUM auh jgh psMd Aw geI[ Awp ny au~Qy nvW ipMf vswaux dw PYslw kIqw[ eyQy dodw goq dw iek j~t rihMdw sI[ auh Aqy aus dI GrvwlI gurU swihb nUM du`D CkwieAw krdy sn[ gurU swihb kuJ idn au~Qy rhy[ kuJ icr mgroN aunHW auh zmIn ^rId leI Aqy ie`Qy rihxw SurU kIqw[ aunHW ny ies dw nW “krqwrpur” riKAw[ jdoN lwhOr dy BweI dunI cMd nUM ieh pqw lgw qW auh vI krqwrpur AwieAw[ aus ny Awpxy ^rc ‟qy sMgqW vwsqy srW vI bxvw idqI[ hOlI hOlI krqwrpur ‟c bhuq swry is~K vI Aw ky eyQy rihx lg pey[iek idn dirAw dy dUjy pwr dy ipMf p~Koky dw cODrI Aij~qw rMDwvw gurU nwnk swihb kol AwieAw[ BweI Aij~qw rMDwvw ny gurU nwnk swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ pihlI bYTk iv~c hI BweI Aij~qw rMDwvw gurU swihb dw is~K bx igAw[ (A`j klH p~Koky ipMf fyrw bwbw nwnk dw ih~sw hY)[

aubwry ^wn qy Abdul rihmwn nwm myl
BwvyN gurU nwnk swihb v~fIAW audwsIAW kr Awey sn Aqy hux krqwrpur hI rihx lg pey sn; pr iPr vI auh Awly duAwly dy ielwky iv~c Drm pRcwr vwsqy jWdy rihMdy sn[ iek idn Awp rwvI dirAw pwr kr ky btwlw vl gey[ rsqy ivc Awp ipMf jOVIAW ivc ruky[ au~Qy aubwry ^wn nW dw iek pTwx gurU swihb nUM imilAw[ auh pu~Cx lgw, bwbw jI qusIN ihMdU ho jW muslmwn? gurU swihb ny disAw ik AsIN nw ihMdU hW nw muslmwn[ swrI dunIAW r~b dI bxweI hoeI hY[ swnUM isr& aus “r~b dy bMdy” hI bxnw cwhIdw hY[ cMgy ienswn bxnw swfw pihlw &rz hY Aqy iehI s~cw Drm hY[ BweI aubwry ^wn gurU swihb dw murId bx igAw[ auh ijQy vI jWdw gurU swihb dI soBw krdw[ iesy ipMf iv~c Abdul rihmwn nW dw iek hor muslmwn vI rihMdw sI[ auh iek v~fw zmINdwr sI[ aus nUM psMd nhIN sI ik aubwry ^wn iksy ZYr-muslmwn dI is&q kry[ iek idn Abdul rihmwn vI gurU swihb kol AwieAw Aqy aus ny vI auh svwl kIqw ik qusIN ihMdU ho jW muslmwn? gurU swihb ny aus nUM disAw ik AsIN nw ihMdU hW qy nw muslmwn[ AsIN isr& ie~k r~b dI iebwdq krn vwly hW[ aus vwihgurU ny swrI dunIAW Awpxy nUr nwl bxweI hY[ swnUM qW hr S^s ivc vwihgurU dw nUr hI nzr AwauNdw hY[ gurU swihb dI sMgq ivc bYTx mgroN BweI Abdul rihmwn vI gurU swihb dw is~K bx igAw[

Acl vtwlw ivc is`DW nwl crcw
krqwrpur rihMidAW iek vwr gurU swihb Acl vtwlw vI gey[ Acl vtwlw, btwlw ksby qoN 6 ku iklomItr dUr, mOjUdw btwlw-jlMDr rof ‟qy hY[ aunHW idnW ivc ie~Qy is~D jogIAW dw bVw v~fw fyrw sI[ jogIAW qoN pihlW au~Qy nyVy hI iek iSv mMdr vI sI[ (mgroN AOrMgzyb ny ies mMdr dy buq quVvw ky mMdr nUM qbwh kr idqw sI[ hux vwlw mMdr 1854 ivc bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies nvyN mMdr dI pirkrmw ivc iek qsvIr vI bxweI geI sI[ ies qsvIr ivc is~D jogI bYT ky gurU swihb qoN isiKAw lY rhy sn[ hux auh qsvIr imt cukI hY)[

aus idn 28 jnvrI 1530 dI qwrI^ sI Aqy ihMdU iSvrwqrI dw mylw mnw rhy sn[ au~Qy kuJ gv~eIey vI Awey hoey sn[ aunHW nUM pqw lgw ik ijs bwbw nwnk jI dI rcI bwxI dw kIrqn Gr-Gr ivc huMdw hY, auh Acl vtwly Awey hoey hn[ aunHW ny gurU jI dy SbdW dw kIrqn SurU kr idqw[ kIrqn sux ky lok au~Qy juVny SurU ho gey[ jdoN lokW nUM pqw lgw ik gurU swihb vI au~Qy hn qW swrI ^lkq aunHW gv~eIAW nUM C~f ky gurU swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy iek~TI ho geI[

jdoN is~DW nUM pqw lgw ik swry SrDwlU qW gurU swihb vl jw rhy hn qW auh bhuq iKJy Aqy iek~Ty ho ky gurU swihb vl Awey[ is~DW ny Aw ky gurU swihb nwl crcw SurU kr idqI[ aunHW ikhw ik “gurU swihb qusIN audwsI ByK C~f ky gRihsqI ikauN ho gey ho? ieh qW ijvyN koeI du~D ivc kWjI pw dyvy[ kWjI pwieAW du~D ny ^rwb qW hoxw hI hY[” gurU nwnk swihb ny jvwb idqw, “jy BWfy sw& hox qW duD nhIN iP`tdw[ ieM\ hI jy kr mn qy buD sw& rihx qW ienswn r`b dw nW jp ky mukqI hwisl krdw hY[ dUjy pwsy jogI qW sMswrIAW dI dOlq qy hI pldy hn[ aunW dIAW ibrqIAW TIk nhI rih skdIAW[” is~DW ny Pyr svwl kIqw ik “irVkx vwlI m~Kx k~Fxw cwhuMdI sI pr m~Kx nhIN inkilAw qy iGE nhIN bixAw[ ies ivc ksUr iks dw hY: BWfy dw, du~D dw jW iPr irVkx vwlI dw?” ies dw Bwv ieh sI ik irVkx vwlI gurU hY, BWfw jIv hY, du~D rUhwnI ielm hY Aqy iGE r~b dI pRwpqI hY[ jy cyly dw r~b nwl myl nhIN huMdw qW ksUr gurU dw hY jW cyly dw jW aus gurU vloN idqy ielm dw[ gurU swihb ny jvwb idqw, “jy BWfw sw& nw hovy qW du~D Ptxw hI hY[” Bwv ieh ik BWfw qW hI sw& rih skdw hY jy kr ienswn gurU dI m~q ‟qy Aml kry[ isr& rUhwnI ielm hoxw Aqy krm kWf krnw iksy kMm nhIN Aw skdw[ gurU dI isiKAw qy Aml kIiqAW hI r~b nwl myl ho skdw hY[:

BWfw hCw soie jo iqsu BwvsI ] BWfw Aiq mlIxu Doqw hCw n hoiesI] gurU duAwrY hoie soJI pwiesI ] eyqu duAwrY Doie hCw hoiesI] mYly hCy kw vIcwru Awip vrqwiesI ] mqu ko jwxY jwie AgY pwiesI] jyhy krm kmwie qyhw hoiesI ] AMimRqu hir kw nwau Awip vrqwiesI] cilAw piq isau jnmu svwir vwjw vwiesI ] mwxsu ikAw vycwrw iqhu lok suxwiesI ] nwnk Awip inhwl siB kul qwrsI]

(gurU swihb Aqy is~DW dI ieh crcw “isD goSit” bwxI ivc s&w 729-30 ‟qy drj hY)[

jdoN gurU swihb dy jvwb ‟qy is~D lwjvwb ho gey[ aunHW gurU swihb nUM irDIAW, isDIAW, jwdU, mMqr, krwmwq ivKwaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM AwiKAw ik isr& „vwihgurU dw nW jpxw (Xwin vwihgurU nUM hr vyly Xwd rKxw)‟ hI dunIAW ivc ie`ko-iek irDI-isDI, jwdU-mMqr jW krwmwq hY[ ies qoN v~D ky koeI qwkq nhIN ies qy is~DW ny Awpxy mMqrW qy irDIAW-isDIAW dy Cl dy pKMf nwl gurU swihb nUM frwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ pr auh rUhwnIAq dI qwkq A~gy nwkwmXwb rhy[ AKIr aunHW ny gurU swihb dI hsqI A~gy isr Jukw idqw[

Acl vtwlw ivc jogIAW dy fyry dy nyVy iek au~cI jgh, ijQy gurU swihb bYTy sn, au~Qy gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie~Qy iek purwxI byrI vI hY ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh gurU swihb dy vyly dI hY[

Acl vtwlw qoN gurU swihb ikVI A&gwnW ipMf ivc vI gey[ ie~Qy pTwxW dy bhuq Gr sn[ ieh pTwx vI gurU swihb dy is~K bx gey[ pTwxW kol kuJ idn rihx mgroN gurU swihb Pyr krqwrpur prq gey[

BweI lihxw dw krqwrpur Awauxw
ienHW idnW iv~c hI KfUr ipMf qoN kuJ lok iKAwlI (kwlpink) vYSno dyvI dy mMdr nUM jWdy hoey krqwrpur ruky[ aunHW iv~c iek BweI lihxw vI sI[ BweI lihxw gurU nwnk swihb dI isiKAw qoN eynw Asr-AMdwz hoieAw ik aus ny dyvI dI mUrqI dw iKAwl idl iv`coN k`F id`qw[ aus ny smJ ilAw ik gurU nwnk swihb dI isiKAw ivc hI s`cw Drm hY[ ies kr ky aus ny mMdr jwx dw ierwdw bdl idqw Aqy auh gurU swihb dw murId bx igAw[ BweI lihxw ny hux krqwrpur hI rihxw SurU kr idqw[ ieh g`l AprYl 1532 dI hY[ (gurU) AMgd swihb ny s`q swl, pMj mhIny qy s`q idn gurU nwnk swihb dI sMgq ivc ibqwey[

bwbw bu`Fw nwl myl
iek vwrI gurU nwnk swihb AMimRqsr izly dy iek ipMf k~QU nMgl dy nyiVEN lMG rhy sn[ au~Qy iek muMfw fMgr cwr irhw sI[ gurU swihb nUM vyK ky auh nyVy Aw igAw[ aus ny gurU swihb nwl g~lW SurU kr id~qIAW[ jdoN auh gurU swihb nwl g~lW kr irhw sI qW aus dw bwp au~Qy Aw igAw[ aus ny puiCAw, “bwbw jI ieh b~cw Awp nwl kI g~lW kr irhw hY?” gurU swihb ny aus nUM d~isAw ik “qyrw bytw bVIAW isAwxIAW g~lW krdw hY[” auh AwKx lgw, “mYnUM lgdw hY ik myrw bytw bu~iFAW vrgIAW g~lW krdw hY[” auh muMfw AwKx lgw, “bwbw jI Coty vI qW isAwxIAW g~lW kr skdy hn[ jdoN A~g lgdI hY qW in~kIAW lkVW nUM A~g pihloN lgdI hY Aqy v~fIAW nUM bwAd ivc[ jy mYN CotI aumr ivc hI r~b nUM ipAwrw ho igAw qW pIrW &kIrW dI sMgq Aqy syvw qoN vW\w KwlI clw jwvWgw”[ ieh sux ky aus dw bwp AwKx l`gw, “bwbw jI, ieh bUVw ikho ijhIAW g~lW krdw hY?” gurU swihb AwKx lgy, “BweI qyrw ieh bytw bUVw nhIN blik iek „bzurg hsqI‟ hY[ ieh iek Awm b~cw nhIN hY[” ies qy aus b~cy dw nW “bu~Fw” hI cl ipAw[ {mgroN bwbw bu~Fw gurU Gr dw iek Aihm ih~sw bx igAw[ aunHW dUjy gurU swihb qoN CyvyN gurU swihb qk nUM gur-g~dI sONpx dI Ardws krn dI rsm Adw kIqI[ aunHW nUM pihlIAW s~q pwqSwhIAW qy nOvIN pwqSwhI dy drSn krn dw Sr& vI hwisl sI}[

krqwrpur qoN iek vwr Awp bIkwnyr gey[ bIkwnyr jwx vwsqy Awp krqwrpur qoN sulqwnpur huMdy hoey “m~qy-dI-srW” gey[ ies ipMf iv~c gurU AMgd swihb dw jnm hoieAw sI[ (A`j klH ies ipMf nUM „nWgy dI srW‟/ srwey nwgw AwKdy hn)[ ieQy vI gurU swihb dI PyrI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ho skdw hY ies mOky ‟qy BweI lihxw (gurU AMgd swihb) vI gurU nwnk swihb dy nwl hI hox[ ieQoN cl ky Awp isrsw ksby ivc gey[ isrsw ivc gurU swihb pihloN vI jw cuky sn[ kuJ idn Awp ieQy sMgqW nUM inhwl krdy rhy Aqy Pyr A~gy cl pey[ isrsw qoN Awp bIkwnyr gey[ audoN ieh bhuq Cotw ijhw ksbw sI[ bIkwnyr Aqy Awly duAwly dy ielwky ivc Awp ny is~KI dw prcwr kIqw[

iek somy muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb bIkwnyr qoN mulqwn gey[ Awp pihloN vI mulqwn jw cu~ky sn[ ipClI PyrI qy Awp SyK hwjI Abd`ulw nUM vI imly sn[ auh dsMbr 1518 ivc gurU swihb nUM m~ky ivc vI imilAw sI[ hux auh cVHweI kr cukw sI[ ies vwr gurU swihb dI mulwkwq SyK dy g~dI-dwr bhwau~dIn m^dUm nwl hoeI[ aus ny gurU swihb nUM puiCAw ik Awp Ajy audwsIAW hI kr rhy hn ik koeI „goSw-nSInI‟ (ausqwd Dwrn krnw) Dwrn kr leI hY? gurU swihb ny jvwb idqw ik audwsIAW jW goSw-nSInI koeI mslw nhIN hY[ Asl svwl ieh hY ik AwpxIAW kmzorIAW dUr kr ky r~b nUM imilAw jwey[ mYN qW r`b nUM hI murSd DwirAw hY qy aus nwl hI XwrI pweI hY[ gurU swihb ny ieQy iek Sbd aucwirAw:

Awvau vM\au fuMmxI ikqI imqR kryau] swDn FoeI n lhY vwFI ikau DIryau] mYfw mnu rqw AwpnVy ipr nwil] hau Goil GumweI KMnIAY kIqI ihk BorI ndir inhwil] pyeIAVY fohwgxI swhurVY ikau jwau] mY gil Aaugx muTVI ibnu ipr JUir mrwau] pyeIAVY ipru sMmlw swhurVY Gir vwsu ] suiK svMiD sohwgxI ipru pwieAw guxqwsu] lyPu inhwlI pt kI kwpVu AMig bxwie] ipru muqI fohwgxI iqn fuKI rYix ivhwie] ikqI cKau swfVy ikqI vys kryau] ipr ibnu jobnu bwid gieAmu vwFI JUrydI JUryau] scy sMdw sdVw suxIAY gur vIcwir] scy scw bYhxw ndrI ndir ipAwir] igAwnI AMjnu sc kw fyKY fyKxhwru] gurmuiK bUJY jwxIAY haumY grbu invwir] qau Bwvin qau jyhIAw mU jyhIAw ikqIAwh] nwnk nwhu n vICuVY iqn scY rqVIAwh] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1014-15)[

ieh Sbd sux ky m^dUm ny AwiKAw ik gurU jI qusIN DMn ho[ quhwfy Sbd ivcoN swnUM r~b dy dIdwr hoey hn[ gurU swihb ny AwiKAw, “m^dUm jI qusIN pIr bhwau~dIn m^dUm dI g~dI ‟qy bYTy ho[ auh Awp phuMcy hoey PkIr sn qy quhwfy ip~Cy aunHW dI kmweI hY[” m^dUm AwKx lgw, “gurU jI v~fy pIr qusIN ho, ijnHW ny AwpxI bwxI rwhIN r~b dy dIdwr krvwey hn[” gurU swihb ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik “r`b dy dIdwr Sbd ivcoN huMdy hn[” mulqwn ivc ijs jgh gurU nwnk swihb bYTy sn, au~Qy iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw sI[

mulqwn qoN cl ky gurU nwnk swihb dIpwlpur, SyrgVH, cUhxIAW, kMgxpur Aqy ksUr huMdy hoey lwhOr pu~jy[ lwhOr ivc ies vwr Awp dI mulwkwq s`Xd Abdul kwdr iglwnI nwl hoeI[ Abdul kwdr iglwnI ny gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI[ auh vI iek Awlm-&wzl S^s sI[ dohW ivc ies nukqy qy crcw hoeI ik “sB qoN v~fw suK s~c jwxn Aqy aus s~cy r~b nUM imlx dI ^wihS ivc hY[ isr& „auh r~b hI s~c hY Aqy aus nUM imlxw hI suKW dw hwisl krnw‟ hY”[ gurU nwnk swihb ny Sbd aucwirAw:

Amlu glolw kUV kw idqw dyvxhwir] mqI mrxu ivswirAw KusI kIqI idn cwir] scu imilAw iqn soPIAw rwKx kau drvwru] nwnk, swcy kau scu jwxu] ijqu syivAY suKu pweIAY qyrI drgh clY mwxu] scu srw guV bwhrw ijsu ivic scw nwau] suxih vKwxih jyqVy hau iqn bilhwrY jwau] qw mnu KIvw jwxIAY jw mhlI pwey Qwau] nwau nIru cMigAweIAw squ prmlu qin vwsu] qw muKu hovY aujlw lK dwqI iek dwiq] dUK iqsY pih AwKIAih sUK ijsY hI pwis] so ikau mnhu ivswrIAY jw ky jIA prwx] iqsu ivxu sBu ApivqRü hY jyqw pihnxu Kwxu] hoir glw siB kUVIAw quDu BwvY prvwxu] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 15)[

kuJ icr Abdul iglwnI kol Tihrn mgroN gurU swihb vwips krqwrpur cly gey[ imhrbwn dI jnmswKI ivc iliKAw hY ik ienHW idnW ivc hI gurU nwnk swihb ny jpujI swihb bwxI nUM AwKrI Coh idqI[ aunHW ny ieh syvw BweI lihxw nUM sONpI[ ies qoN mgroN gurU swihb krqwrpur hI rhy[ auh ies dOrwn isr& iek vwr BweI mUlw nUM imlx vwsqy isAwlkot qk gey[

isAwlkot jwxw Aqy BweI mUlw dI mOq
jdoN gurU nwnk swihb BweI mUlw nUM imlx isAwlkot gey qW BweI lihxw jI vI Awp dy nwl sn[ jdoN gurU swihb BweI mUlw dy Gr dy nyVy pu~jy qW BweI mUlw dI GrvwlI ny aunHW nUM AwauNidAW dUroN hI vyK ilAw sI[ ieh soc ky ik aus dw Grvwlw ikqy Pyr gurU swihb dy nwl nw inkl jwey, aus ny BweI mUlw nUM AMdr lukw idqw[ gurU swihb ny BweI mUlw dy Gr pu`j ky aus dw drvwzw KVkwieAw qy Awvwz id`qI „kI BweI mUlw Gr hn?‟ qW aus dI GrvwlI ny jvwb id`qw „jI auh Gr nhIN hn[‟ gurU swihb ny dubwrw pu`iCAw ik kI BweI mUlw Gr nhIN hn? qW aus dI GrvwlI ny Pyr jvwb idqw, “hW jI! auh Gr nhIN hn[” ies ‟qy gurU swihb vwips cl pey[

gurU swihb dy jwx mgroN aus dI GrvwlI ny aus nUM bwhr k~iFAw[ BweI mUlw ny GrvwlI nUM puiCAw ik kI gurU swihb cly gey hn? aus dI GrvwlI ny jvwb idqw, “hW, auh cly gey hn[” BweI mUlw nUM ies dw bVw duK hoieAw qy auh au~Qy hI ifg ipAw[ ifgidAW hI aus dI rUh aufwrI mwr geI[ jdoN lokW nUM hkIkq dw pqw l~gw qW kuJ lok gurU swihb dy ip~Cy dOVy[ gurU jI kw&I dUr inkl cuky sn[ auh gurU jI nUM vwips lY Awey[ gurU jI ny Awpy h`QIN BweI mUlw dw sskwr kIqw qy vwips muV Awey[

iek idn gurU swihb dw iek purwxw jwxUM aunHW nUM imilAw[ ieh s~jx sulqwnpur dw iek KqrI sI, jo nvwb dOlq ^wn kol nOkrI krdw sI[ Agsq 1507 ivc gurU nwnk swihb modIKwnw C~f ky audwsIAW ‟qy inkl gey sn pr auh modIKwnw ivc nOkrI krdw irhw sI[ iek idn jdoN aus ny gurU swihb dI mihmw suxI qW aus dw icq gurU swihb dy drSnW nUM kr AwieAw[ auh gurU swihb nUM iml ky bVw ^uS hoieAw[ dovyN hI sulqwnpur ‟c ibqwey idnW Aqy auQoN dy swQIAW bwry g~lW krdy rhy[ iek idn auh gurU swihb nUM pu~Cx lgw ik jdoN koeI vpwrI GroN inkldw hY Aqy kmweI kr ky Gr muVdw hY qW auh Awpxy s~jxW nUM dsdw hY ik aus ny ikM\, ik`QoN qy kI-kI mwl KrIidAw Aqy aus ivcoN ikM\ qy ikMnw munw&w hoieAw[ aus ny gurU swihb qoN puiCAw ik “gurU swihb quhwfw dunIAW ivc eynw nW hY[ qusIN ikhVw vpwr kIqw ijs nwl quhwfI eynI mihmw bxI hY?” gurU swihb ny aus nUM d~isAw ik “myrw vxj qW vwihgurU nwl ipAwr sI qy vwihgurU dI imhr nwl hI myrI pCwx hY[ myrw Awpxw nW qW kuJ vI nhIN[ dUjw, mYN GroN vpwr krn vwsqy nhIN sI igAw[ mYN qW „gurmuK‟ dI Koj ivc audwsIAW SurU kIqIAW sn[” gurU swihb dw ieh dosq kuJ icr krqwrpur irhw qy Pyr vwips muV igAw[

krqwrpur iv~c rihMidAW iek idn gurU swihb dw iek hor dosq aunHW nUM imlx AwieAw[ auh cMd ku idn au~Qy irhw[ au~Qy sMgqW hr roz AMimRq vyly auTdIAW, ieSnwn krdIAW Aqy nwm jpdIAW sn[ swry rl ky lMgr iqAwr krdy Aqy Ckdy sn[ sB iek dUjy nUM “siq krqwr” AwK ky bulwauNdy[ roz siqsMg cldw[ gurU swihb dw dosq ieh vyK ky bVw ^uS hoieAw[ Gr vwips jw ky aus ny ieh swrIAW g~lW suxwauxIAW SurU kIqIAW[ g~lW dsidAW-dsidAW hI auh cVHweI kr igAw[ aus dy pu`qr ieh ^br dyx vwsqy krqwrpur pu~jy[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik pMj q`q dw ieh ijsm qW mrn ip`CoN im~tI dI FyrI hI bx jWdw hY[ ies ny A^Ir im~tI iv~c hI iml jwxw hY[ sB nUM vwihgurU dw Bwxw mMnxw cwhIdw hY[

BweI lihxw nUM g`dI sONpxw
krqwrpur ‟c rih ky gurU swihb swihb ny AwpxI zmIn Awbwd kIqI[ aunHW nUM imlx vwsqy sMgqW dUr durwifEN AwauNdIAW sn[ gurU swihb Awp hl vwhuMdy qy Anwj pYdw krdy sn[ AweIAW sMgqW vI kdy kdy KyqI dy kMm ivc h~Q vMfwauNdIAW sn[ BweI lihxw Awp dy nwl moFy nwl moFw joV ky syvw kirAw krdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb BweI lihxw ‟qy bhuq ^uS sn[ aunHW BweI lihxw dy keI iemiqhwn ley[ BweI lihxw hr iemiqhwn ivcoN pws hoey[ dUjy pwsy gurU swihb dy Awpxy byty hr iemiqhwn ivc nwkwmXwb swibq hoey[ BweI lihxw isr& is~KI isdk ivc hI kwmXwb nhIN hoey blik bwxI qy &ls&y dI smJ, izMmydwrI, prcwr qy hr nukqy qoN kwibl sn[ gurU nwnk swihb ny prK ilAw sI ik BweI lihxw gurg~dI dy vwirs bxn dy pUrI qrHW kwibl sn[ ieh jWc ky aunHW ny 14 jUn 1539 dy idn (iek hor somw ieh qwrI^ 14 sqMbr 1539 ilKdw hY) BweI lihxw (gurU AMgd swihb) nUM gurg~dI dyx dw AYlwn kr idqw[ gurg~dI sONpx dI Ardws bwbw bu~Fw jI ny Adw kIqI[ ies smyN Awp dy pu~qr qy swrI sMgq hwizr sI[ gurg~dI sONpx dy nwl-nwl gurU nwnk swihb ny AwpxI swrI bwxI qy hor iek~TI kIqI bwxI vI BweI lihxw nUM sONp idqI Aqy aunHW nUM aus vyly qoN “gurU AMgd swihb” dw nW vI dy idqw[

gurU nwnk swihb ny gurg`dI Awpxy pu`qrW nUM nhIN id`qI ikauN ik auh &ls&y nUM nw qW smJdy sI qy nw hI aunHW ivc g`dI sMBwlx dIAW hor ^UbIAW sn[ v`fw sRIcMd audwsI sI qy Cotw lKmI dws Awm duinAwvI DMiDAW dI soc vwlw sI[ gurU gRMQ swihb ivc qW dohW puqrW nUM hukm nw mMnx vwly, kOl nw pwlx vwly, gurU v`l ip`T krn vwly, iliKAw hoieAw hY:

puqRI kaulu n pwilE, kir pIrhu kMn@ murtIAY]
idil KotY AwkI iPrin@, bMin@ Bwru aucwiein@ CtIAY ] (s&w 967)

{ArQ: (guru nwnk swihb jI dy) puqRW ny bcn (hukm) nw mMinAw, auh gurU vl ip`T dy ky, (hukm) moVdy rhy [ijhVy lok Koty idl hox dy kwrn (gurU v`loN) AwkI hoey iPrdy hn, auh lok (dunIAw dy DMiDAW dI) C`t dw Bwr bMnH ky cu`kI r`Kdy hn}[

joqI-joiq smwauxw

gurU nwnk swihb ies dunIAW ivc 69 swl, 10 mhIny 18 idn ivcry (ijhVy ipRQI cMd mIxy dy pu`qr imhrbwn dI id`qI Zlq jnm qwrI^ vYswK mMndy hn aunHW muqwibk gurU jI dI aumr 70 swl 5 mhIny 7 idn sI, jo Zlq hY)[ Awp 7 sqMbr 1539 dy idn gurU nwnk swihb krqwrpur ivc joqI joiq smw gey[ Awp dw sskwr rwvI dirAw dy kMFy ‟qy kIqw igAw[ mgroN kuJ lokW ny ieh mnGVq khwxI bxweI ik sskwr vyly ihMdUAW Aqy muslmwnW dw JgVw ho igAw Aqy ihMdU sskwr krnw cwhuMdy sn Aqy muslmwn d&nwauxw cwhuMdy sn[ ieh khwxI bymqlb hY[ pihlI g`l qW gurU nwnk swihb ny sw& ikhw sI ik auh nw ihMdU hn Aqy nw muslmwn[ aunHW dw Awpxw pMQ sI[ dUjw, iksy dy cVHweI kr jwx mgroN aus dw sskwr aus dy Gr vwly kirAw krdy hn[ gurU swihb dy joqI joiq smwaux vyly mwqw sul~KxI qy dovyN puqr sRIcMd qy lKmI dws hwizr sn[ ies mOky ‟qy iksy bwhrly d^l dw svwl hI nhIN pYdw huMdw sI[ ieh TIk hY ik ihMdUAW qy muslmwnW dohW ivcoN hI bhuq swry lok is~K sjy sn pr, krqwrpur, ijs nUM gurU swihb ny

„is`K ngr‟ vjoN vsieAw sI, iek Awm ngr nhIN sI[ au~Qy isr& is`K hI vsdy sn nw ik ihMdU qy muslmwn[ ies kr ky sskwr sbMDI GVI hoeI khwxI dw ies nwl koeI mqlb hI nhIN sI[ auN\ jy ies gpOV khwxI nUM mMn leIey qW ies dw mqlb ieh ho igAw ik sskwr krn dw h`k isr& ihMdUAW qy muslmwnW dw hI sI qy is`KW dw koeI ih`sw nhIN sI[ ies kr ky ieh khwxI iksy swizS hyT GVI geI ho skdI hY ijs dw mqlb ieh bxdw hY ik audoN isr& ihMdU qy muslmwn hI sn qy is`K huMdy hI nhIN sn[

gurU swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux mgroN, aunHW dy puqrW ny, gurU swihb dy hukm dI AdUlI kridAW, gurU swihb dI smwD vI bxw leI sI (is~K Drm ivc smwD bxwaux dI mnwhI hY)[ mgroN rwvI dirAw ny ies smwD nUM roVH idqw sI[

gurU nwnk swihb dy joqI joq smwaux dy 15 idn mgroN, 22 sqMbr 1539 dy idn mwqw sul~KxI jI vI gurU crnW ivc jw ibrwjy[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gurU nwnk „dyv‟ ik gurU nwnk „swihb‟?

kuJ ilKwrI gurU nwnk swihb dy nW nwl “dyv” ilKdy hn[ Aijhy lok gurU AMgd swihb Aqy gurU Arjn swihb dy nW nwl vI “dyv” ilKdy hn[ ieh iblkul Zlq hY[ gurU nwnk swihb, gurU AMgd swihb qy gurU Arjn swihb ivcoN iksy dy nW nwl “dyv” kdy vI nhIN lgdw sI qy ieh ilKx dI rIq kuJ ku duhwikAW dI hY ies ip`Cy koeI Srwrq sI jW Anjwxqw-ieh qW vwihgurU hI jwxn[ pr ieh Zlq rIq AijhI c`lI ik „sRI‟ dI vrqoN vWg „dyv‟ vI is`KW ivc vVdw qy mnzUr huMdw clw igAw[

iek lyKk ny ieh iprq SurU hox bwry ieh dlIl id`qI ik bwkI gurU swihbwnW dy nW do l&zW vwly hn (ijvyN gurU Amr dws, gurU rwm dws, gurU hirgoibMd, gurU hir rwie, gurU hrikSn, gurU qyg bhwdr, gurU goibMd isMG), pr iqMn gurU (gurU nwnk, gurU AMgd qy gurU Arjn) swihb dy nW dw ie`ko l&z hI sI, so ies kr ky „dyv‟ lw dyxw TIk hY [ pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik ieh nukqw Zlq hY ik hrgoibMd qy hrikSn ivc do-do l&z (hr + goibMd Aqy hr+ ikRSn) nhIN hn blik ieh dovyN nW iek-iek l&z dy hn[ dUjw, ieh hwso-hIxI dlIl hY ik jy s`q (jW pMj) gurU swihbwn dy nW nwl do l&z hn qW brwbrqw vwsqy iek l&z pw id`qw jwey[ jo Asl nW hY, auhI ikauN nw rihx id`qw jwey qy nW bdilAw jW ivgwiVAw ikauN jwvy[

iek hor s`jx ny AwiKAw ik gurU gRMQ swihb ivc „dyv‟ jW „dyau‟ l&z qrqIbvwr 100 qy 56 vwr AwauNdy hn[ ienHW ivcoN kuJ jgHw ‟qy „nwnk dyau‟ vI AwauNdw hY Aqy 1409 s&y ‟qy „jpHau ijn Arjnu dyv gurU‟ vI AwauNdw hY[ jy gurU gRMQ swihb ivc „dyv‟ Aw igAw qW gurU swihb dy nW dw ih`sw hI mMn lYxw cwhIdw hY[ ieh dlIl vI by-mwAnw hY[

gurU gRMQ swihb ivc gurU nwnk swihb dw nW gurbwxI dy qkrIbn swry SbdW dy Aw^rI ih`sy ivc AwauNdw hY[ gurU gRMQ swihb ivc 5107 vwrI “nwnk” Aqy 23 vwrI “nwnik” AwauNdw hY pr „dyau‟ l&z 2 vwrI (s&w 150 qy 1102) qy dyv l&z gurU swihb dy nW dy nyVy isr& 3 vwr AwieAw hY (s&w 430, 1192, 1304) qy s&w 1358 ‟qy „nwnk gurdyv‟ vI AwieAw hY [

gurU gRMQ swihb ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy nW nwl iek QW ‟qy „rwm‟ qy iek QW ‟qy „cMd‟ (nwnk cMd) vI AwieAw hY:
isK´w sMq nwmu Bju nwnk rwm rMig Awqm isau rNau ] (s&w 1387)

ies auprlI quk ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy nW dy ip`Cy „rwm‟ hY[ hwlWik nwnk qoN mgroN i&krw tu`tdw hY qy „kwmw‟ l`gdw hY Aqy “rwm rMig Awqm isau rNau” v`Krw ih`sw hY [ koeI Bolw bMdw ies quk dw mwAnw nw smJdw hoieAw, gurU nwnk swihb dw nW „nwnk rwm‟ ilK skdw hY [

pRQmy nwnk cMdu, jgq BXo AwnMdu,
qwrin mnuK´ jn kIAau pRgws] (s&w 1399)

 

auprlI quk qoN koeI bysmJ S^s gurU nwnk swihb dy nW nwl „cMd‟ ilK dyvy qW ies ƒ mnzUr nhIN kIqw jw skdw [ ieQy „cMd‟ dw mwAnw ieh hY ik gurU nwnk swihb cMn-rUp pRgt hoey Aqy mnu`KW ƒ qwrn vwsqy pRkwS kIqw [

hux gurU gRMQ swihb ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy nW nyVy „dyau‟ vwlIAW qukW dw ivcwr krIey:

dIiKAw AwiK buJwieAw, isPqI sic smyau]
iqn kau ikAw aupdysIAY, ijn gurU, nwnk, dyau] (s&w 150)

ies quk dw mwAnw hY: “hy nwnk ! ijnHW dw gurdyv hY (Bwv ijnHW dy isr ‟qy gurdyv hY), ijnHW ƒ (gurU ny) is`iKAw dy ky igAwn id`qw hY qy is&iq-swlwh dI rwhIN s`c nwl joiVAw hY, aunHW ƒ iksy hor aupdyS dI loV nhIN rihMdI [ (Bwv pRBU dy nwm ivc juVn dI is`iKAw qoN au~cI hor koeI is`iKAw nhIN hY)[” ieh mwAny ipRMsIpl swihb isMG jI ny kIqy hn[ mYN ies ƒ ieM\ pyS kIqw sI, “ijnHW ƒ gurU sUJ idMdw hY, aunHW ƒ hor aupdyS dI loV nhIN rihMdI [ (Bwv pRBU dy nwm ivc juVn dI is`ˆiKAw qoN au~cI hor koeI is`ˆiKAw nhIN hY)[” hwlWik dohW mwAinAW dw Bwv-ArQ ieko hI hY[ pr ieh spSt hY ik ies quk ivc „dyau‟ gurU nwnk swihb dy nW dw ipCyqr nhIN hY[ ieQy „dyau‟ gurU nwnk swihb nUM „dyv‟ AwKx vwsqy nhIN hY[ ieM\ hI s&w 1102 ‟qy: „boihQ, nwnk, dyau gur, ijs hir cVHwey, iqsu Bvjl qrxw‟ ivc vI „dyau‟ gurU nwnk swihb dy nW dw ipCyqr nhIN blik „gurdyau‟ (dyau+gur) dw ih`sw hY[ iesy qrHW:

boihQu, nwnk, dyau gurU, ijsu hir cVwey iqsu Baujlu qrxw] (s&w 1102)
ies quk dw mwAnw hY—hy nwnk! gurdyau (rUhwnI) jhwz hY, hrI ny ies jhwz ivc ijs ƒ ibTw id`qw hY, aus ny ies dunIAW dy Bau-swgr ƒ qr ilAw hY[ ies quk ivc dyau „gurdyau‟ dw ih`sw hY, nw ik gurU nwnk swihb dy nW dw ipCyqr [

gurU gRMQ swihb ivc iqMn QW ‟qy nwnk nwl Awey l&z „dyv‟ dw mwAnw vI „nwnk dyv‟ nhIN hY: so vsY iequ Gir ijsu gurU pUrw syv] Aibcl ngrI, nwnk, dyv] (s&w 430)

ies quk dw mwAnw hY: hy nwnk! pUrw gurU ijs mnu`K ƒ pRBU dI syvw-BgqI dI dwq b^Sdw hY, auh ies (AYsy ihrdy) Gr ivc v`sdw rihMdw hY, jo pRmwqmw dy rihx vwsqy (ivkwrW ivc) kdy nw folx vwlI ngrI bx jWdw hY[ ies quk ivc „dyv‟ vwihgurU vwsqy hY nw ik gurU nwnk swihb dy nW dw ih`sw[ gur, nwnk, dyv, goibMd rUp] (s&w 1192) dw mwAnw hY: nwnk kihMdw hY ik gurdyv goibMd (Akwl purK) dw hI rUp hY[
drsn ipAws bhuqu min myrY]
imlu, nwnk, dyv jgq gur kyrY]       (s&w 1304)

ies quk dw mwAnw hY: hy jgq dy gurdyv! myry mn ivc qyry drsn dI bhuq ipAws hY, (mYƒ) nwnk ƒ imlw[ ies quk ivc vI „dyv‟ „jgq dy gurdyv‟ dw ih`sw hY nw ik gurU nwnk swihb dy nW dw ih`sw[

ieM\ hI gurU Arjn swihb dy nW dy ip`Cy Awey l&z „dyv‟ (s&w 1409) vwlI quk:
jp´au ijn@ Arjn, dyv gurU, iPir sMkt join grB n AwXau]

dw mwAnw hY: ijnHW ny Arjn swihb (dI isiKAw lY ky gurdyv, Xwin vwihgurU) dw nW jipAw hY, auh grB-jUn dy du`KW (dy fr) ivc nhIN AwauNdy[ ieQy vI „dyv‟ „gurdyv‟ dw hI ih`sw hY, nw ik gurU Arjn swihb dy nW dw ih`sw[ hux ies qoN ielwvw vI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc qkrIbn 150 ku hor jgh ‟qy „dyv‟ jw „dyau‟ ienHW mwAinAW ivc AwauNdw hY[ ieh s&y hn: 108, 155, 405, 469, 479, 522, 694, 795-96, 871, 943, 1129, 1142, 1149, 1172, 1173, 1180, 1183, 1338, 1353, 1389 vgYrw[

ienHW swry si&AW ‟qy „dyv Aqy „dyau‟ l&zW dw mwAnw vwihgurU jW gurdyv jW dyvqw hY qy hor kuJ vI nhIN [ imswl vjoN :

gurU jYsw nw hI ko dyv] ijsu msiqk Bwgu su lwgw syv] (s&w 1142)
hir ismrq ikCu cwKu n johY]
hir ismrq dYq dyau n pohY] (s&w 1149)
rMgu lwgw Aiq lwl dyv] (s&w 1180)
kwmu kRoDu AhMkwru ibnsY imlY siqgur dyv]
nwmu idRVu kir Bgiq hir kI BlI pRBU kI syv] (s&w 405) mihmw khI n jwie gur smrQ dyv]
gur pwrbRhm prmysur AprMpr AlK AByv] (s&w 522)
Git Git suMn kw jwxY Byau] Awid purKu inrMjn dyau] (s&w 943)

ieh Aqy bwkI si&AW ivc ijQy vI „dyv‟ jW „dyau‟ AwieAw hY, auh dyvqw, gurdyv, vwihgurU dy mwAinAW ivc hI AwieAw hY, nw ik gurU nwnk swihb dy nW dy ih`ˆsy vjoN[

gurU gRMQ swihb ivc „s`qw qy blvMf dI vwr‟ „B`tW dy sYÍXY‟ ivc vI iksy QW vI, iksy vI gurU dy nW nwl vI, “dyv” nhIN lwieAw hoieAw[ gurU gRMQ swihb ivclI ies B`tW dI bwxI ƒ qW gurU Arjn swihb ny ^ud mnzUrI id`qI sI [

gurU nwnk swihb dI izMdgI dI qvwrI^ ƒ pyS krn vwlIAW muK jnmswKIAW ieh hn :

1. vlwieq vwlI jnmswKI
2. imhrbwn vwlI jnmswKI
3. BweI bwly vwlI (aus dy nW nwl joVI jWdI) jnmswKI
4. BweI mnI isMG vwlI (aus dy nW nwl joVI jWdI) jnmswKI

ienHW ivcoN iksy dy ilKwrI ny vI gurU nwnk swihb dy nW nwl „dyv‟ nhIN iliKAw[ ieh ikqwbW is`K qvwrI^ dIAW sB qoN purwxIAW ikqwbW mMnIAW jWdIAW hn [

jo Ardws Aj klH Awm cldI hY qy SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI „rihq mirAwdw‟ ivc vI Swiml hY (ieh AKOqI dsmgRMQ ivcoN hY Aqy mYN isDWqk p`KoN Ardws dy ies ih`sy nUM is`K Ardws nhIN mMndw)[ ies ivc vI gurU nwnk swihb jW dUjy qy pMjvyN nwnk nwl „dyv‟ nhIN lwieAw igAw:
ipRQm BgOqI ismir kY gur nwnk leI iDAwey ] iPr AMgd gur qy Amr dws rwm dwsY hoeI shwie ] Arjn hirgoibMd nO ismro sRI hir rwie ]….

bicqR nwtk dy ilKwrI (ieh ilKwrI gurU goibMd isMG swihb nhIN hn) ny vI nwnk swihb dy nW nwl „dyv‟ nhIN blik „rwie‟ iliKAw hY:
iqn bydIXn kI kul ibKy pRgty nwnk rwie ]
ieQy „rwie‟ qoN Bwv bwdSwh, rUhwnI pwiqSwh hY, nw ik ieh gurU jI dw nW „nwnk rwie‟ hY[

jnswKIAW qoN mgroN pMjwbI ivc ijMnIAW vI vwrW gurU swihb bwry ilKIAW geIAW sn, aunHW ivcoN mu`K hn:

rwmklI dI vwr (s`qw qy blvMf) vwr bwby nwnk jI dI (BweI gurdws) kVKy pwqSwh dsvyN ky (sYx isMG)
pauVIAW gurU goibMd isMG jI kIAW (mIr muSkI qy CbIlw) juD gurU goibMd isMG jI kw (AxI rwie)
vwr pwqSwhI dsvIN kI (AigAwq) vwr ByVy kI pwqSwhI ds (AigAwq) vwr BMgwxI kI (AigAwq)
ju`D-cirqR gurU goibMd isMG jI kw (vIr isMG b`l) vwr AMimRqsr kI (drSn Bgq)
vwr srb loh kI (AigAwq) vwr kilAwn kI (^uShwl cMd)

ienHW vwrW ivc ij`Qy ikqy vI gurU nwnk swihb, gurU AMgd swihb jW gurU Arjn swihb dw nW AwieAw hY, auQy gurU swihb dy nW nwl „dyv‟ nhIN AwieAw[

BweI gurdws dIAW vwrW ivc vI keI jgHw l&z „dyau‟ AwieAw hY [ vwr 3 (pauVI 2, pauVI 12), vwr 13 (pauVI 25), vwr 15 (pauVI 2), vwr 24 (pauVI 1), vwr 24 (pauVI 25), vwr 28 (pauVI 11), vwr 38 (pauVI 20), vgYrw[ hwlWik pihlI vwr pUrI dI pUrI gurU nwnk swihb bwry hY qy auQy ikqy vI gurU nwnk swihb dy nW nwl „dyv‟ nhIN l`gw hoieAw[ au~pr izkr kIqIAW 8 pauVIAW ivc BweI gurdws ny „dyau‟ jW „dyv‟ l&z vriqAw hY[ ienHW ivcoN cwr jgHw ‟qy dyau dw mwAnw hY-prkwS rUp (vwr 13, pauVI 25; vwr 15, pauVI 2; vwr 24 pauVI 25; vwr 38, pauVI 20) vwr 28 dI pauVI 11 ivc „dyv‟ dw mwAnw „dyvqw‟ hY vwr 24 pauVI pihlI vwr „dyau jpwieAw‟ dw mwAnw hY ik gurU swihb ny r`b dy nW dw jwp krvwieAw[ vwr 3 pauVI, 12 ivc „dyau gurW gur‟ ivc dyau gur dw ipCyqr hY qy ies dw mwAnw „gurW dw gurdyv‟ bxdw hY[ sB qoN v`fI g`l qW ieh hY ik BweI gurdws ny vwr bwby nwnk kI (vwr pihlI) ivc pauVI 23 qoN pauVI 45 qk gurU nwnk swihb dI jIvnI, 45 qoN 48 pauVIAW gurU AMgd swihb, gurU Amrdws swihb, gurU rwmdws swihb, gurU Arjn swihb qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw izkr kIqw hY [ aunHW ny ienHW 26 pauVIAW ivc ikqy vI qy iksy vI gurU swihb dy nW nwl „dyv‟ nhIN iliKAw[

„B`t vhIAW‟ qy „pWfw vhIAW‟ qW gurU swihb dy vyly dIAW ilKIAW hoeIAW hn[ aunHW ivc „dyv‟ Sbd nhIN iliKAw hoieAw [ sYnwpqI, koier isMG, kysr isMG iC`br, sÍrUp isMG kOiSS, rqn isMG BMgU, suKbwsI rwm bydI Aqy hor lyKk, ijnHW ATHwrvIN qy au~nIvIN sdI ivc is`K qvwrI^ ilKI, aunHW ny iksy gurU swihb dy nW nwl „dyv‟ nhIN lwieAw Aqy gurU swihb dw Asl nW (gurU nwnk, gurU AMgd, gurU Arjn) hI iliKAw[ vIhvIN sdI ivc “dyv” lwaux dI ieh ZlqI AYnI kbUl hoeI ik Boly is`K ies nUM hI TIk smJx lg pey[ auN\ is`K kOm dy bhuqy lyKkW dI ieh „is&q‟ hY ik A`KW mIt ky m`KI ‟qy m`KI mwrI jwxgy pr jdoN koeI ZlqI v`l ieSwrw krygw qW AwK dyxgy, “C`fo prW!” “qW kI hY?” “hux qW bhuq ikqwbW ivc Aw cu`kw hY”, vgYrw… DMn is`KI!!!

gurU nwnk swihb dy nW nwl „dyv‟ dI bImwrI BweI vIr isMG qoN SurU hoeI sI pr vDyry kr ky 1972 qoN mgroN PYlI sI[ 1969 ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy nW ‟qy „gurU nwnk XUnIvristI‟ bxweI geI sI[ ieh XUnIvristI AkwlI dl dI srkwr ny bxweI sI[ 1972 ivc igAwnI zYl isMG pMjwb dw cI& minstr bx igAw[ auh iek AnpVH (jW A`DpVH) bMdw sI[ Acwxk aus dy idmwZ ivc Aw igAw ik kuJ lok gurU nwnk swihb dy nW nwl „dyv‟ ilKdy hn qy XUnIvristI dw nW vI „gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI‟ kr dyxw cwhIdw hY[ aus ny pihlw kMm iehI kIqw[ nqIjw ieh hoieAw ik aus dy rwj dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb nUM keI QW „dyv‟ iliKAw jwx lg ipAw[ (aus ADpVH S^s ny qW rUpV Sihr nUM vI „ro pV‟ smJ ky ies dw nW „rUpngr‟ krvw idqw sI[ Aijhy Aihmk lokW dIAW XBlIAW nwl ieM\ hI qvwrI^ ivgiVAw krdI hY)[ ies mgroN bwdl dI srkwr ny vI ies XBlI dy Asr hyTW biTMfw dy Qrml plWt dw nW bdl ky „gurU nwnk dyv Qrml plWt‟ kr idqw[ ieM\ hI 2004 ivc gurU AMgd swihb dw nW vI AnpVH qy A`DpVH cODrIAW ny hI ivgwV ky „gurU AMgd dyv‟ bxw C`ifAw sI qy 2006 ivc gurU Arjn swihb dI QW ‟qy Arjn dyv ilKx dI byvkU&I kIqI qy gurU swihb dw nW Zlq clwaux dI koiSS kIqI[

gurbwxI dw &urmwn hY:
AMDw AwgU jy QIAY, ikau pwDru jwxY]
Awp musY miq hoCIAY, ikau rwhu pCwxY]    (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 767)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gurU AMgd swihb

scu nwmu krqwru su idRV nwnk sMgRihAau]
qw qy AMgdu lihxw pRgit qwsu crxh ilv rihAau] (kIrq B`t)
gurU jgq iPrxsIh AMgrau rwju jogu lhxw krY] (klshwr B`t)
nwnik rwju clwieAw scu kotu sqwxI nIv dY]
lhxy DirEnu Cqu isir kir isPqI AMimRqu pIvdY]
lihxy dI PyrweIAY nwnkw dohI KtIAY]
joiq Ehw jugiq sweI sih kwieAw Pyir pltIAY] (s`qw qy blvMf)
QwipAw lihxw jINvdy guirAweI isir CqR iPrwieAw]
joqI joiq imlwie kY siqgur nwnik rUpu vtwieAw]
lK nw koeI skeI AcrjY Acrj idKwieAw]
kwieAw plit srUp vtwieAw] (BweI gurdws)
gur nwnk hMdI muhr hQ gur AMgd dI dohI iPrI] (BweI gurdws)

ijnHW idnW ivc gurU nwnk swihb Ajy sulqwnpur nhIN gey sI blik qlvMfI ivc hI sn, qkrIbn ausy vyly hI gurU AMgd swihb dw jnm 31 mwrc 1504 dy idn m`qy dI srW (mukqsr qoN 12 iklomItr Aqy &rIdkot qoN 13 iklomItr dUr) ivc hoieAw[ cOdHvIN sdI qk ipMf m`qy dI srW eySIAw dy sB qoN v`fy qjwrqI rUt (vpwrk Swh rwh) ‟qy pYNdw sI[ aunHNIN idnIN lYbnwn, eIrwk, eIrwn vwly pwisEN qoN Awaux vwly swry vxjwry vI Aqy jrvwxy vI iesy rUt rwhIN id`lI nUM jwieAw krdy sn[ ies kr ky ies rUt ‟qy QW-QW ‟qy muswi&rW dy Tihrx leI keI srwvW bxIAW hoeIAW sn[„m`qy dI srW‟ aunHW srwvW ivcoN iek sI[ ies srW dw ieMcwrj mIAW m`qw ^wn sI, ijs kr ky ies nUM m`qy dI srW ikhw jWdw sI[ hOlI-hOlI ies srW dy duAwly iek ipMf vs cuikAw sI[ gurU AMgd swihb dy ipqw bwbw PyrU Aqy dwdw nwrwiex dws qryhx ies ipMf ivc dukwndwrI kirAw krdy sn[ jd qk ieh rUt cldw irhw Aqy ieh ipMf purAmn visAw irhw, ieh pirvwr sOKI izMdZI bsr krdw irhw[ ikauNik ieh ipMf jrnYlI sVk sI, ies kr ky vxjwirAW d nwl-nwl bloc, pTwx Aqy muZl jrvwxy vI ies rsqy rwhIN id`lI vl lu`t-mwr krn vwsqy jWdy rihMdy sn[ ienHW lutyirAW nUM ijhVw ipMf vI sOKw jW ^uShwl jwpdw ieh aus ‟qy hI hmlw kr dyNdy ‟qy lu`t lYNdy[ BwvyN kuJ icr m`qy dI srW ienHW hmilAW qoN bicAw irhw pr A^Ir ies dI vwrI vI Aw geI[ pihloN 1398 Aqy iPr 1520 ivc ieh ipMf vI ivdySI hmlwvrW h`QoN lu`itAw igAw[ ies lu`t-mwr ivc ieh ipMf burI qrHW qbwh ho igAw[ ie`QoN dy bhuq swry vwsI ie`QoN ihjrq kr ky hornW ielwikAW vl cly gey[ ihjrq krn vwilAW ivc bwbw PyrU m`l (ipqw gurU AMgd swihb) dw pirvwr vI sI[ ieh pirvwr ie`QoN aujV ky kuJ icr ibAws qy sqluj dirAwvW dy sMgm ‟qy vsy ipMf hrIky ivc irhw pr iPr Amn-Amwn ho jwx mgroN auh vwips m`qy dI srW cly gey[ pr, kuJ icr hor aufIkx mgroN aunHW mihsUs kIqw ik bhuqy lok ies ipMf ivc muVn dI locw nhIN sn rKdy, ies kr ky bwbw PyrU m`l ny vI au~Qy nw rihx dw hI mn bxw ilAw[ (coKw icr mgroN, m`qy dI srW nUM iek nWgy swDU ny muV vswieAw qy ies kwrn ieh „nWgy dI srW‟ jW „srwie-nWgw qy „srweynwgw‟ vjoN jwixAw jwx lg ipAw)[

hux ieh pirvwr ipMf KfUr (swihb) clw igAw[ jnvrI 1520 ivc BweI lihxw (gurU AMgd swihb dw pihlw nW) dw ivAwh ipMf sMGr dy BweI dyvI cMd dI bytI (mwqw) KIvI nwl hoieAw[ Awp dy Gr do pu`qrW (1524 ivc dwsU qy 1537 ivc dwqU qy do DIAW (1526 ivc Amro qy 1535 ivc AxoKI) ny jnm ilAw[

bwbw PyrU dw pirvwr Dwrimk AkIdy vwlw pirvwr sI qy aunHW dy AMdr r`b dw Bau, ipAwr, SrDw qy lgn sI [ pr auh swry puSq-dr-puSq bRwhmxW qy pRohqW dy mgr lg ky krm kWf Aqy rsmo-irvwz inBwauNdy rihMdy sn[ auh ies Poky krm-kWf nUM hI Drm Aqy rUhwnIAq smJdy sn[ jd BweI lihxw KfUr swihb rihx lg pey qW iek idn aunHW dw myl BweI joD nW dy iek is`K nwl hoieAw[ BweI joD Aksr krqwrpur jw ky gurU nwnk swihb dI sMgq kirAw krdw sI[ ies kr ky aus nUM bhuq swrI bwxI vI zbwnI Xwd sI Aqy aus nUM is`K &ls&y dI vI cMgI sUJ sI[ BweI lihxw nUM ies BweI joD qoN is`KI Aqy gurbwxI bwry kw&I kuJ pqw lgdw rihMdw sI pr ie`q&wkn BweI joD kw&I icr krqwrpur nw jw sikAw ijs kr ky auh (lihxw) gurU nwnk swihb dy drSn vI nw kr sikAw[

1532 ivc iek vwr BweI lihxw Awpxy krm-kWf nUM inBwaux dI soc nwl kuJ swQIAW nUM nwl lY ky vYSno dyvI mMdr jwx vwsqy KfUr swihb qoN inklyy[ aunHW ny rwh ivc krqwrpur ivc pVwA krn dw PYslw kr ilAw[(kuJ lyKk vYSno dyvI dI QW juAwlwmuKI mMdr dw izkr krdy hn, pr KfUr qoN juAwlw muKI jwx vyly rwh ivc krqwrpur hrigz nhIN AwauNdw[ hW m`qy dI srW qoN juAwlw muKI jwxw hovy qW rwh ivc krqwrpur zrUr AwauNdw hY)[ ^Yr, ies mOky ‟qy BweI lihxw ny gurU nwnk swihb dy drSn kIqy[ BweI lihxw ny gurU swihb nwl kw&I smW icr ivcwrW kIqIAW[ gurU swihb nwl ivcwrW krn mgroN BweI lihxw ny mihsUs kIqw ik bu`qW nUM m`Qy tyk ky auh isr& Awpxw vkq hI Krwb krdw irhw sI[ aus nUM krm kWfW dI &zUlqw dw Aihsws ho igAw[ gurU nwnk swihb nwl kIqI sMgq ny BweI lihxw dI izMdZI bdl ky rK idqI[ jd Agly idn aus dy swQIAW ny aus nUM Xwqrw dw Aglw pVwA SurU krn vwsqy ikhw qW BweI lihxw ny aunHW nUM ikhw ik „hux mYnUM iksy dyvI dI pUjw dI koeI loV nhIN, mYnUM rUhwnIAq dw s`cw rwh nzr Aw igAw hY[„

hux BweI lihxw ny krqwrpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI syvw ivc rihxw SurU kr idqw[ ies swry smyN dOrwn BweI lihxw ny gurU nwnk swihb qoN Drm, rUhwnIAq, syvw, inmrqw, s`cw ie^lwk, ienswnIAq qy hor guxW dI isiKAw leI[ aus ‟qy is`KI jIvn qy is`K &ls&y dw rMg eynw cVH igAw ik gurU nwnk swihb aus nUM Awpxw iek AMg hI smJx lg pey[ BweI lihxw dI izMdZI ‟qy hoey Asr ny ipMf sMGr Aqy KfUr swihb dy vwsIAW Aqy BweI lihxw dy swk sbMDIAW qy jwxUMAW dI izMdZI vI bdl idqI[ ies ny swry ielwky ivcoN bRwhmxI rIqW qy krm-kWf nUM jlwvqn kr idqw[ auh lok jo p`Qr dI imQhwsk dyvI pUjx qoN isvw kuJ nhIN sn jwxdy, BweI lihxw dI bdlI izMdZI ny aunHW nUM vI is`KI pirvwr ivc Swiml kr idqw[ BweI lihxw hux ielwky dI bVI AzIm hsqI bx cukw sI[

krqwrpur ivc rihMidAW BweI lihxw ny ij`Qy sMgqW dI syvw sMBwl kIqI, au~Qy gurU Gr dy ieMqzwm, drbwr dI syvw Aqy bwxI dI kQw ivc vI ih`sw pwieAw[ gurU nwnk swihb ny BweI lihxw dI sUJ-bUJ, rUhwnIAq Aqy syvw Bwvnw nUM vyK ky mihsUs kIqw ik auh gur-g`dI sMBwlx dy pUrI qrHW kwibl hY Aqy aunHW ny aus nUM ieh syvw dyx dw mn bxw ilAw[ pr ies sbMDI pUrw AYlwn krn qoN pihlW gurU nwnk swihb ny BweI lihxw dI sUJ-bUJ, is`K &ls&y dI smJ, rUhwnIAq, syvw Bwvnw dy keI krVy iemiqhwn ley qy BweI lihxw ny hr iek iemiqhwn Swn nwl pws kIqw[

gurU nwnk swihb ny AMgd swihb dy iemiqhwn auh nhIN ley sn ijnHW ivc ic`kV ivcoN bwtw cukxw, murdw Kwxw vZYrw Swiml kIqy jWdy hn blik aunHW (gurU AMgd swihb) dI sUJ bUJ, is`K &ls&y dI vwk&IAq, jQybMdk ^UbIAW qy S^sIAq dIAW hor ^UbIAW dy iemiqhwn sn[

BweI lihxw dI sUJ-bUJ, is`K &ls&y dI smJ prK-vyK ky gurU nwnk swihb ny 14 jUn 1539 dy idn BweI lihxw nUM Awpxw rUhwnI/imSnrI vwirs Qwpx dw &Yslw kr ilAw qy 2 sqMbr nUM ies sbMDI rsmI AYlwn vI kr idqw[ gurU nwnk swihb 7 sqMbr 1539 dy idn joqI-joiq smw gey qy ies mgroN BweI lihxw (ijnHW nUM gurU nwnk swihb “gurU AMgd swihb” bxw gey sn) ny gurg`dI dI izMmydwrI sMBwl leI[ Awp ny gurU nwnk swihb dIAW poQIAW sMBwl leIAW qy aunHW (gurU nwnk swihb) dI swrI duinAwvI dOlq qy swrw ipMf sRIcMd qy lKmI dws dy hvwly krn mgroN KfUr swihb cly gey ijQy aunHW ny is`KI dw nvW sYNtr kwiem kr ilAw[

hux sMgqW krqwrpur dI jgh KfUr swihb Awaux lg peIAW[ Awp ny KfUr swihb ivc sMgqW vwsqy Gr, dIvwn hwl, lMgr qy hor eImwrqW auswrIAW[ ies dy nwl hI Awp ny b`icAW dI pVHweI vwsqy iek mdr`sw (skUl) vI SurU kIqw[ gurU sihb lokW nUM rUhwnIAq, Dwrimk igAwn, smwj syvw dy nwl-nwl ividAw vI dyxw cwhuMdy sn[ auh cwhuMdy sn ik lokW kol isr& bolI dI jwxkwrI hI nw hovy blik auh pVHweI nwl AwpxI S^sIAq nUM vI rOSnw skx[ aunHIN idnIN bRwhmxW ny sMsikRq Aqy muslmwnW ny ArbI qy &wrsI nUM ApxwieAw hoieAw sI[ ieh iqMny bolIAW nw qW lok bolIAW sn qy nw hI lok ienHW dIAW il`pIAW dI vrqoN kr skdy sI[ ienHW il`pIAW qy bolIAW dI vrqoN nwl iek qW lokW nUM byvkU& bxwieAw qy DoKw id`qw jw irhw sI qy dUjw aunHW nUM ienHW EprIAW bolIAW dy nW ‟qy ividAw hwisl krn qoN dUr kIqw hoieAw sI[

pMjwbI bolI qy gurmuKI il`pI dw prswr
gurU AMgd swihb ny lokW nUM aunHW dI bolI ivc igAwn dyx vwsqy pMjwbI zbwn dI pVHweI SurU krvweI[ pMjwbI bolI pVHwaux vwsqy aunHW ny pihloN pRclq il`pIAW (twkrI, TwkrI Aqy lMfy il`pIAW) dy A`KrW dw suDwr kr ky, pMjwbI zbwn nUM mukMml qOr ‟qy ilKx vwsqy, iek mukMml il`pI iqAwr kIqI[ pMjwbI zbwn Aqy gurmuKI il`pI dw muFlw kMm gurU nwnk swihb hI kr gey sn[ gurU AMgd swihb ny gurU nwnk swihb qoN imlI aunHW dI AwpxI Aqy aunHW v`loN audwsIAW dOrwn ilAWdI Bgq bwxI nUM aunHW v`loN mukMml kIqI gurmuKI ilpI ivc ilKvwieAw[ Aj gurmuKI ilpI dunIAW Br dIAW kuJ ku mukMml il`pIAW ivcoN iek hY[ ies nUM lokW ivc pRclq krn dw ishrw gurU AMgd swihb nUM jWdw hY[

ij`Qy gurU AMgd swihb ny lok bolI ivc ividAw dyxI SurU kIqI, au~Qy aunHW ny ividAw dw prcwr qy prswr vI SurU kIqw[ ies nwl lokW ivc ielm dw vI vwDw hoieAw qy nwl hI aunHW ivc AwpsI qwl-myl qy sMcwr vI sOKw ho igAw[ iksy vI kOm kol iek sWJI bolI, il`pI qy swihq hoxw iek v`fw ^zwnw huMdw hY, jo aunHW nUM iek BweIcwry ivc bMnHI rKdw hY[ so is`K kOm dy jQybMd hox ivc bolI qy il`pI dI sWJ ny bVw rol Adw kIqw[ ijhVIAW kOmW AwpxI bolI, il`pI (qy pihrwvw) guAw bYTdIAW hn auh hOlI-hOlI Awpxw swrw klcr hI guAw bYTdIAW hn[ ieh aunHW kOmW dI qbwhI dw pihlw pVwA hoieAw krdw hY[ qvwrI^ ny vyiKAw hY ik A&rIkn lok AwpxI bolI, il`pI qy pihrwvw guAwaux mgroN Awpxw klcr qy iPr Awpxw Drm vI guAw bYTy[ Aj aunHW dI swrI j`dojihd isr& qy isr& vkqI, mwlI shUlqW, nOkrIAW qy hor Coty-moty h`k mMgx qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN[ auh iek guAwcI hoeI Zulwm kOm dy mjbUr vwirsW vWg jIA rhy hn[ (ieM\ hI jy is`K pMjwbI, gurmuKI, pMjwbI ^urwk, pihrwvw qy is`K klcr dw bwkI ih`sw guAw bYTxgy qW iek-do nslW mgroN auh Awpxy kys, dsqwr Aqy Drm vI guAw bYTxgy qy iek Zulwm qy guAwcI kOm bx ky rih jwxgy[) gurU AMgd swihb ny iesy kr ky pMjwbI, gurmuKI qy qvwrI^ dI pVHweI nUM Aihm QW idqI sI[ pMjwbI bolI, gurmuKI il`pI, is`K klcr, is`K ieiqhws dI pVHweI iek is`K dy inqnym (roznwmcy) dw zrUrI ih`sw hoxw cwhIdw hY[

gurU nwnk swihb dI jnmswKI ilKvwauxw
gurU AMgd swihb ny bolI qy il`pI nUM nymb`D krn dy nwl-nwl kOm dI qvwrI^ nUM sMBwlx dw rsqw vI idKwieAw[ aunHW ny gurU nwnk swihb dI jnmswKI vI ilKvweI[ ies dw mksd ij`Qy qvwrI^ sMBwlxw sI au~Qy ies ^zwny nUM vrq ky Awaux vwly vyilAW vwsqy kOm nUM isDWqk sUJ dyxw vI sI[ jMgW qy zulmW dI hwlq kwrn is`K kOm aus qvwrI^ (Asl jnm swKI) nUM sMBwl nhIN skI[ ijhVI „bwly vwlI jnmswKI‟ A`j imldI hY auh jMifAwlw ksby dy hMdwlIAW (ibDIcMdIAW) dy Kot nwl BrpUr hY[ pr, Aijhw jwpdw hY ik jd BweI gurdws ny AwpxI pihlI vwr ilKI qW aunHW kol auh jnm swKI Ajy mOjUd sI ikauN ik aus qoN ibnW BweI gurdws aus vwr ivc eynI q&sIl nhIN sn dy skdy[

bwxI dI sMBwl
jd gurU nwnk swihb ny gurU AMgd nUM Awpxy vwirs QwipAw qW aunHW ny AwpxI joiq (igAwn) gurU AMgd dI joiq ivc Swiml kr idqI[ ies dy nwl hI aunHW ny hI AwpxI swrI bwxI qy BgqW dI bwxI, jo aunHW ny AwpxIAW audwsIAW dOrwn iek`TI kIqI hoeI sI, vI gurU AMgd swihb nUM ByNt kr idqI[ gurUU swihb dw Asl ^zwnw qW ieh „Sbd gurU‟ hI sI ijs dI ivrwsq gurU AMgd qk Aqy iPr A`T hor gurUAW qk qy aunHW dy rwhIN swry is`KW qk phuMcI[ BgqW dI bwxI nUM gurU AMgd swihb ny gurmuKI il`pI ivc ilKvw ky sMBwl ilAw[ gurU AMgd swihb dI ies syvw nwl ij`Qy bwxI dw Asl rUp kwiem rih igAw au~Qy bwxI nUM cyqy krn qy smJx ivc vI AwswnI ho geI[ iek qrIky nwl gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp iqAwr krn vl ieh pihlw kdm sI[ ies qoN ielwvw gurU AMgd swihb ny Awp vI bwxI ilKI Aqy aus nUM vI gurU nwnk swihb dI bwxI dI poQI ivc Swiml kr idqw[ (mgroN aunHW ny ieh swrw ^zwnw gurU Amr dws nUM g`dI sMBwlx vyly ByNt kIqw sI)[ gurU AMgd swihb ny „Awsw dI vwr‟ dw bwkwiedw kIrqn vI SurU krvwieAw[

gurU AMgd swihb ny KfUr swihb nUM is`KI dy (krqwrpur qoN mgroN) dUjy mrkz (sYNtr) vjoN kwiem kIqw Aqy swry pwsy &YlIAW is`K sMgqW nUM ies sYNtr nwl joVn vwsqy auprwly kIqy[ aunHW keI ielwikAW dw dOrw vI kIqw ijs nwl iek qW sMgqW dw gurU swihb nwl is`Dw rwbqw vI bixAw Aqy nwl hI sMgqW dw AwpsI myl-jol vI viDAw[ KfUr swihb ivc is`K sYNtr kwiem kIqy jwx nwl sMgqW dw ivrwsq dI g`dI nwl juVn dw ^dSw vI nw irhw[ jy gurU AMgd swihb KfUr swihb nw jWdy qW krqwrpur Awaux vwly lokW ivcoN Swied kuJ Boly is`K gurU nwnk swihb dy audwsI pu`qr sRIcMd dy fyry dw ih`sw bx gey huMdy qy krqwrpur ivc iek hor fyrw „g`dI‟ vjoN kwiem ho igAw huMdw[

pihlw is`K mdr`sw (skUl)
gurU AMgd swihb ny pMjwb dI DrqI ‟qy pihly is`K skUl dI nINh vI r`KI[ ieh pihlw skUl KfUr swihb ivc SurU kIqw igAw ij`Qy ipMf dy b`icAW nUM qwlIm idqI jWdI sI[ dUjy l&zW ivc gurU AMgd swihb pMjwb ivc AYjUkySnl lihr dy moFI vI sn[ Awp ny mdr`sy (skUl) nUM isr& il`pI Aqy ikqwbI ielm qk hI mihdUd (sImq) nhIN r`iKAw[ aunHW ny iek nroey ijsm, qgVy ju`sy qy jvwnI dy qvwzn (sMquln) nUM kwiem r`Kx vwsqy is`KI jIvn jwc ivc KyfW nUM vI pUrI AhmIAq idqI[ KyfW ij`Qy idl prcwvw hn au~Qy ienswn nUM ishqmMd r`Kx, vwDU vkq nUM shI qrIky nwl ibqwaux Aqy AwpsI BweIcwrw qy imlvrqx dI Bwvnw vDwaux ivc rol Adw krdw hY au~Qy ieh hMgwmI hwlqW dw twkrw krn vwsqy iek qkVw ijsm, ju`sw Aqy jwn vI bxwauNdw hY[ gurU AMgd swihb ny jvwnI nUM vDIAw qrIky nwl sMBwlx vwsqy, hor KyfW dy nwl-nwl, kuSqIAW dy mukwbly vI SurU krvwey Aqy ies vwsqy m`l-AKwVy (Kyf dy AKwVy/styfIAm) vI kwiem kIqy[ is`KW ivc rUhwnI qwkq, mwnisk joS Aqy ijsmwnI qwkq dw qvwzun kwiem krn ivc ienHW m`l- AKwiVAW” dw vI brwbr dw rol sI[ (mgroN gurU hirgoibMd swihb v`loN 1608 ivc kuSqIAW Aqy mwrSl KyfW dw SurU krvwauxw ienHW m`l-AKwiVAW dw hI Aglw pVwA sI Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb v`loN „holw (h`lw)-mh`lw‟ SurU krn dw ipCokV, hornW kwrnW dy nwl-nwl, ieh m`l AKwVy vI sn)[ dunIAW dI qvwrI^ ivc KfUr swihb Swied pihlw ividAk/Dwrimk sports sYNtr sI[

hmwXUM dw KfUr Awauxw
ienHW mdr`isAW nwl gurU swihb dy smyN dI iek hor Gtnw vI juVI hoeI hY[ jd, jUn 1540 ivc, knOj dy mYdwn ivc muZl bwdSwh hmwXUM nUM Syr Swh sUr ny hrwieAw qW auh jwn bcw ky Kurwswn nUM B`j ipAw[ auh rsqy ivc goieMdvwl dw p`qx pwr krn vyly (pihlI julweI 1540 nUM) KfUr sihb (jo goieMdvwl dy nyVy hI sI) vI igAw qW jo auh gurU AMgd swihb qoN ASIrvwd lY sky[ pr jd auh (hmwXUM) au~Qy pu`jw qW gurU swihb b`icAW nUM pVHw rhy sn qy ies kr ky aunHW aus vl iDAwn nw idqw[ ies ‟qy gu`sy ivc Aw ky aus ny AwpxI qlvwr k`F leI[ gurU swihb ny aus ikhw, “Eey mrdw! ieh qlvwrW mYdwny-jMg ivc hI vrqIdIAW hn?” ies jvwb nwl hmwXUM nUM SrimMdw qW hoieAw hI pr nwl hI aus nUM ieh Aihsws vI hoieAw ik is`K iksy bwdSwhI, AmIrI, nvwbI, qwkq dw haUAw nhIN mMndy qy is`K infr, dlyr Aqy iek spSt soc vwly ienswn hn[

gurU AMgd swihb ny smwj syvw dy AnykW pRwjYkt h`QW ivc lY ky, gurU nwnk swihb dy, is`K nUM smwj dw jmHW-p`KI AMg bxwaux dy, &ls&y nUM AmlI jwmw pihxwieAw[ aunHW dw sbk sI ik smwj syvw Aqy ienswnI BlweI dIAW kwrvweIAW qoN rihq is`K ADUrw hY[

gurU AMgd swihb ny is`K nUM s`cy r`b nwl s`cy idloN ipAwr Aqy aus dI inSkwm BgqI qy syvw dw sbk idqw[ aunHW dI mhwn bwxI dy BrpUr ^zwny ivcoN kuJ moqI hwizr hn:

ijs ipAwry isau nyh, iqs AwgY mir clIAY
iDRg jIvxu sMswir, qw ky pwCY jIvxw ] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 83)
swihb syqI hukm nw clY, khI bxY Ardwis](gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 474)
slwmu jbwbu dovY kry, muMFhu GuQw jwie
nwnk, dovY kUVIAw, Qwie nw kweI pwie] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 474)
bDw ctI jo Bry, nw guxu nw aupkwru ] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 787)
Awpu gvwie syvw kry, qw ikCu pwey mwnu] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 474)
mMdw iks no AwKIAY, jW swihb sBnw eyku] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1237)
jo iqsu BwvY, nwnkw, sweI BlIkwr] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1239)
haumY dIrGu rog hY, dwrU BI ies mwih] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 466)

gurU AMgd swihb bwry kuJ swKIAW dw s`co-s`c

qpy dI khwxI : gurU AMgd swihb jd KfUr swihb ivc sn qW iek vwr Aijhw smW vI AwieAw ik kw&I smW au~Qy mINh nw ipAw[ aus vyly KfUr ivc (Aj dy AKOqI swDW, sMqW, bwibAW, mhWpurKW, bRhmigAwnIAW vrgw) iek pwKMfI qpw vI rihMdw sI[ gurU swihb dy au~Qy Awaux mgroN aus dI T`gI clxI bMd ho geI sI qy lok aus nUM mUMh nhIN sn lwauNdy[ aus ny mINh nw pYx dy ies kudrqI hukm nUM gurU swihb dy i^lw& vrqx dI nIAq nwl lokW ivc ieh prcwr krnw SurU kr idqw ik jd qk gurU swihb aus ipMf ivc mOjUd hn mINh nhIN pvygw[ ieh prcwr sux ky kuJ lok gurU swihb kol Awey[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik swnUM vwihgurU dy Bwxy ivc rihxw cwhIdw hY[ lokW ny kuJ dyr hor aufIikAw qy A^Ir auh Pyr qpy kol cly gey[ qpy ny aunHW nUM gurU swihb dy i^lw& BVkwieAw[ qpy dI swizS nUM qwVidAW gurU swihb kuJ icr vwsqy KfUr C`f ky ipMf Kwn rjwdw cly gey (iek somy muqwibk Awp ipMf quV gey sn qy sMgqW Awp nUM au~QoN ipMf CwpVI lY geIAW sn)[ gurU swihb dy jwx mgroN lokW ny qpy nUM mINh vswaux vwsqy X`g krn vwsqy ikhw[ qpy ny X`g dw pKMf kIqw pr X`gW/hvnW dy pwKMf nwl nw kdy kudrqI hukm bdly hn qy nw bdlxgy[ qpy ny kuJ icr lokW nUM byvkU& bxweI riKAw pr jd lokW nUM Aihsws hoieAw ik auh qW dMBI pRcwr dw iSkwr ho gey sn qW aunHW ny aus qpy nUM l`qW bwhvW qoN PV ky GsItxw SurU kr idqw qy GsIt-GsIt ky swry ipMf dw c`kr lwieAw ijs nwl qpw mr igAw[ r`b dI krnI, ies dy kuJ icr mgroN mINh pY igAw[ mgroN iksy is`K-duSmx ny ieh JUTI khwxI gurU Amr dws swihb nwl joV idqI ik aunHW dy AwKx ‟qy lokW ny qpy nUM Kyq-Kyq GsIitAw sI[

cODrI b^qwvr dI khwxI : iek vwr m`qy dI srW qoN vwips muVidAW gurU swihb Awpxy purwxy ipMf hrIky ivc ruky[ ies mOky ‟qy bhuq swrIAW sMgqW Awp jI dy drSn krn AweIAW[ ienHW ivc iek 72 ipMfW dw mwilk cODrI b^qwvr vI sI[ cODrI b^qwvr Awpxy Awp nUM ielwky dw bwdSwh smJdw sI[ ies hMkwr ivc auh Aw ky gurU swihb dy nwl mMjy ‟qy bYT igAw[ bwkI sMgqW hyTW drI ‟qy bYTIAW sn[ gurU swihb ny b^qwvr dw hwl-cwl pu`iCAw qy kuJ icr mgroN kQw SurU kr idqI[ gurU swihb dI kQw sux ky cODrI b^qwvr AnMd ivc Aw igAw[ aus nUM smJ Aw geI ik inmrqw, hlImI, im`Tw bolxw, ienswnIAq ienswn nUM v`fw bxwauNdIAW hn nw ik dOlq dI AmIrI[ auh ausy vyly plMG qoN au~iTAw Aqy hyTW drI ‟qy bYT igAw[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM AwiKAw ik auh au~pr hI bYiTAw rhy pr auh nw mMinAw[ „mn dI AmIrI Aqy rUhwnIAq‟ dy sbk ny aus dI rUh ‟qy eynw Asr kIqw ik auh ielwky ivc hlImI qy ienswnIAq dI imswl bx igAw [

gurU AMgd swihb dy (AKOqI) „iemiqhwn‟ : kuJ lyKkW ny iliKAw hY ik gurU AMgd swihb nUM gurg`dI sONpx qoN pihlW gurU nwnk swihb ny aunHW dy keI „iemiqhwn‟ ley [ ienHW ivc kMD vwr-vwr Fwh ky auswrn vwsqy kihxw, C`pV ivc lotw sut ky cu`kx vwsqy kihxw, gMdy kpVy Dox vwsqy kihxw, jMgl ivc jw ky „dIvwinAW‟ vWg hrkqW krn dy bwvjUd swQ nw C`fxw qy murdw Kwxw vZYrw „khwxIAW‟ vZYrw Swiml hn [ ieho ijhIAW „khwxIAW‟ Swied ies vwsqy GVIAW jwpdIAW hn qW jo gurU swihb nUM „gurU dw hukm mMnx vwlw s`cw syvwdwr‟ swibq kIqw jw sky [ pr, ieh shI nhIN ik gurU nwnk swihb ny gurU AMgd swihb nUM ies kr ky gurg`dI idqI sI ik auh ieho-ijhIAW AjIb hwlqW ivc vI hukm mMndy rhy sn (ieh swibq krn vwsqy qW aunHW dI pihlI swKI hI kw&I sI jd auh kImqI kpVy pw ky Awey sn qy gurU nwnk swihb ny aunHW nUM Gwh dI pMf cukvw idqI sI)[ ieh swrIAW khwxIAW AKOqI sMqW, swDW vZYrw ny khwxI-rs Brn vwsqy jW lokW nUM Awpxy syvwdwr bxwaux GVIAW sn; ieh mnoklipq hn qy s`c nhIN hn[

drAsl gurU nwnk swihb ny gurU AMgd swihb ivc syvw dI ^UbI dy nwl-nwl aunHW ivc isAwxp, sMjIdgI, is`K &ls&y dI sUJ, jQybMdk ^UbIAW, drbwr dI syvw dI kwblIAq vI vyKIAW sn qy qW gurg`dI sONpI sI[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gurU Amr dws swihb

scu nwmu krqwru, su idRV nwnk sMgRihAau[
qw qy AMgdu lihxw, pRgit qwsu crxh ilv rihAau[
iqqu kuil, gur Amrdwsu, Awsw invwsu[
qsu gux, kvx vKwxau[                   (kIrq B`t)
gur nwnk, inkit bsY bnvwrI[
iqin lhxw Qwip, joiq jig DwrI[
lhxY pMQu Drm kw kIAw[ Amr dws Bly kau dIAw[              (gXMd B`t)

gurU Amr dws swihb dw jnm 18 AprYl 1509 dy idn mwqw l`Ko Aqy bwbw qyj Bwn (1488-1533) {bwbw qyj Bwn puqr bwbw hir jI (1463-1501), qy poqrw bwbw ivSn/ivSnU dws (?-1500)} dy Gr izlHw AMimRqsr dy ipMf bwsrky (hux bwsrky ig`lW), Cyhrtw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr, ivc hoieAw sI[ (iksy somy ivc ZlqI nwl aunHW dw jnm ibkrmI swl 1566 dI QW 1536 iliKAw igAw[ (aus ilKq ivc gurmuKI dy ihMdsy 6 dI auprlI fMfI jy hyTW ho jwx kwrn ieh 3 bx igAw sI, hwlW ik purwxIAW ilKqW ivc SbdW ivc iliKAw swl KtsT, sw& 66 hI bxdw hY)[ ies glqI kwrn ieh grYgorIAn kYlMfr dw 1509 dI QW ‟qy 1479 bx igAw[ kuJ lyKk „Ajy vI‟ gurU Amr dws swihb dw jnm 1479 ivc ilKdy hn)[

Awp jI dw ivAwh bIbI mnsw dyvI nwl 1532 ivc hoieAw (jy aunHW dw jnm 1479 dw mMn leIey qW ivAwh vyly aunHW dI aumr 53 swl sI, jo AjIb lgdw hY)[ Awp jI dy Gr 30 ApRYl 1534 dy idn iek bytI BwnI, 11 mwrc 1536 dy idn puqr mohn Aqy 2 jUn 1539 dy idn dUjy puqr mohrI ny jnm ilAw[ iek irvwieq ivc Awp dI iek bytI dwnI dw izkr vI hY, pr purwxy qvwrI^I soimAW ivc iksy dwnI dw koeI izkr nhIN imldw[

BweI lihxw (mgroN gurU AMgd swihb) vWg Awp vI Awpxy ipqw-purKI krm kWf inBwaux ivc hI XkIn rKdy sn qy ies islisly ivc Aksr ihMdUAW dy qIrQW qy jWdy rihMdy sn[ ikhw jWdw hY ik Awp ny hirduAwr (audoN ies QW nUM „ivSnUM duAwr‟ AwKdy sn) dy 20 c`kr lwey[ iek somy muqwibk iek vwr 1533 ivc jd Awp hirduAwr qoN vwips muV rhy sn qW Awp nUM iek audwsI imilAw ijs dy nwl crcw krn „qy Awp dy mn ivc gurU Dwrn krn dI ^wihS pYdw hoeI[ pr hwlwq ny Awp nUM Ajy vI s`cy gurU qoN vWJw hI riKAw; ieM\ keI swl bIq gey[ 1540 ivc gurU AMgd swihb dI bytI bIbI Amro dw ivAwh, Awp (gurU Amr dws) dy Brw dy p`uqr rwm jI m`l nwl hoieAw[ iek idn Awp ny bIbI Amro qoN gurU nwnk swihb dI bwxI dw iek Sbd suixAw ijs ny Awp dy mn nUM bVw tuMibAw[ Awp ny bIbI Amro nwl aus Sbd dy rcnhwry bwry pqw kIqw[ bIbI ny disAw ik aus Sbd dy rcnhwry qW ies dunIAW ivc nhIN rhy pr aunHW dy rUhwnI vwirs, jo aus bIbI dy ipqw sn, KfUr swihb ivc gurU swihb dy imSn nUM clw rhy sn[ Awp dy mn ivc gurU swihb dy drSn krn dI ^wihS pYdw hoeI[ pr ie`q&wikn Awp ruJyivAW ivcoN vkq nw k`F sky qy nw hI bIbI Amro pyky jw skI[ A^Ir 1544 ivc Awp nUM KfUr jwx dw mOkw iml hI igAw[ gurU AMgd swihb dy drSn krn Aqy aunHW dI isiKAw suxn mgroN (gurU) Amr dws swihb aunHW (guurUu AMgd swihb) dy hI ho ky rih gey[ ieh auvyN hI sI ijvyN gurU AMgd swihb jI dw gurU nwnk swihb nUM imlx mgroN hwl hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN gurU Amr dws swihb KfUr swihb hI rihx lg pey[ aunHW ny (bIbI Amro vwly) KUh qoN pwxI Brn Aqy lMgr iqAwr krn, sMgqW nUM Ckwayux Aqy jUTy brqn sw& krn dI syvw sMBwl leI[ (ie`QoN iksy lyKk ny ds iklomItr dUr, dirAw ibAws qoN pwxI Br ky ilAwaux dI g`p GV leI)[ Agly A`T swl Awp ieh syvw pUrI sMjIdgI nwl inBwauNdy rhy[

gurU Amr dws swihb dI is`K &ls&y dI sUJ, syvw, jQybMdk ^UbIAW nUM vyKx prKx mgroN 1551 ivc gurU swihb ny Awp nUM Awpxw vwirs bxwaux dw AYlwx kr idqw[ 1552 ivc gurU AMgd swihb joqI-joiq smw gey qW Awp ny gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwlI[

gurU Amr dws swihb ny Awpxy Aihd dOrwn is`K imSn dy pRcwr qy prswr vwsqy bhuq Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ gurg`dI sMBwlidAW gurU swihb dw pihlw Aihm kdm goieMdvwl vswaux dw sI[ (auN\ goieMdvwl ipMf keI sO swl pihlW qoN mOjUd sI pr audoN ieh ibAws dirAw dw isr& iek p`qx hI sI[ gurU swihb dy eyQy v`sx nwl ieh v`fw ngr bxnw SurU ho igAw)[ Awm qOr ‟qy nvyN ngr bwdSwh jW srkwrW vswieAw krdIAW hn pr ieh Sr& (is`K) gurU swihb nUM vI hwisl hY ik aunHW ny (1522 ivc krqwrpur qoN SurU kr ky) keI ngr vswey[ ienHW ivc goieMdvwl vI sI[ (ies ngr vswaux vyly gurU rwmdws jI ny vI v`fw ih`sw pwieAw sI ijs dy qjrby nUM aunHW ny mgroN gurU dw c`k (hux AMimRqsr) bxwaux vyly b^UbI vriqAw sI[ gurU Amr dws swihb ny isr& goieMdvwl hI nhIN vswieAw blik gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ngr vswaux vwsqy gurU rwmdws swihb nUM hdwieq vI aunHW ny hI idqI sI[

bwaulI bxwauxw Aqy KUh luAwauxw
gurU Amr dws swihb ny is`KI dy smwj BlweI dy rol nUM swhvyN rKidAW hoieAW keI prwjYkt SurU kIqy[ ienHW ivc sB qoN Aihm sI goieMdvwl dy lokW dI pwxI dI loV nUM pUirAW krnw[ Awp ny pwxI dI QuV nUM ^qm krn vwsqy 1556 ivc iek bwaulI* bxweI[ (hux ies bwaulI dIAW 84 pOVIAW hn, pihloN eynIAW nhIN sn)[ ieh bwaulI A`j vI kwiem hY pr ies dw Asl srUp ^qm kr idqw igAw hY qy ieh iek sMgmrmr dI eImwrq bx ky rih igAw hY ijs nwl ies dI qvwrI^ dIAW Asl inSwnIAW ^qm ho geIAW hn[ kuJ swlW qoN bRwhmxW ny ies bwaulI bwry iek nvW JUTw prcwr ies bwry SurU kIqw hoieAw hY ik ijhVw bMdw ies dIAW 84 pOVIAW ‟qy 84 pwT jpujI swihb dy krygw aus dI “cOrwsI” k`tI jwvygI[ (ieh JUTw lwlc is`KI AsUlW dy mu`FoN hI ault hY)[

ies bwaulI bwry iek hor JUT muslmwn ilKwrIAW ny vI prcwirAw sI ik „gurU swihb dw &urmwn sI ik muZl icqOV dy iklHy qy audoN kbzw krngy jd ies bwaulI dw kV tu`tygw[‟ ieh korw JUT hY ikauNik gurU swihb ieho ijhw vr jW srwp jW ibAwn nhIN sn dy skdy qy dUjw icqOV dw iklHw Akbr ny pMj mhIny dy Gyry mgroN 13 &rvrI 1568 dy idn (bwaulI bxn qoN 12 swl mgroN) &qih kIqw sI[

*aus zmwny ivc itMfW dw mslw sI Aqy pOVIAW vwlIAW bwaulIAW bxweIAW jwdIAW sn[ (aunHW vyilAW „c p`kw KUh jW bwaulI bxwauxw bhuq v`fw pRwjYkt huMdw sI qy pIx vwly pwxI dw iehI ieko iek zrIAw huMdw sI ikauNik toBy C`pV mINhW dy Awsry huMdy sn)[ mgroN gurU Arjn swihb ny hrt lwauxy SurU kIqy sn[ AMimRqsr dy nyVy gurU dI vfwlI dI zmIn ivc iek KUh au~qy Cy hrt lwey gey sn[ aus QW nUM A`j-klH Cyhrtw kihMdy hn[

22 mMjIAW qy 52 pIVHy kwiem krnw
gurU Amr dws swihb ny is`K Drm nUM suc`jy qrIky nwl pRcwrn Aqy is`KW nUM jQybMd krn vwsqy swry ielwikAW, ij`Qy-ij`Qy vI is`K v`fI igxqI ivc rihMdy sn, nUM 22 mMjIAW (imSnrI sYNtr) ivc vMf idqw qy ies qoN ielwvw ij`Qy-ij`Qy is`KW dI AwbwdI QoVHI sI, aunHW QWvW ‟qy gurU swihb ny 52 pIVHy (Coty sYNtr) kwiem kr idqy[ ieM\ swry ielwikAW dy is`K iek lVI ivc proey gey[ ies nwl iek qW is`KW nUM gurU swihb dy pYZwm sOiKAW pu`jx lg pey, dUjw is`KW dw dsvMD TIk qrIky nwl gurU swihb qk pu`jx lg ipAw, qy qIjw is`K Awps ivc vI iek pirvwr vWg juV gey[

swlwnw kOmI iek`T SurU krnw
ies qoN ielwvw gurU swihb ny swl ivc iqMn vwr swry is`KW dy kOmI iek`T goieMdvwl krny SurU kr idqy[ ieh iek`T hr pihlI mwG, pihlI ivswK Aqy ihMdU-dIvwlI dy idn kIqy jwx lg pey[ (gurU swihb ny ieh qwrI^W ies kr ky nhIN sn cuxIAW ik ienHW dI koeI mhwnqw sI blik ies kr ky cuxIAW sn ikauN ik aunHIN idnIN fwierIAW qy kYlMfr nhIN hoieAw krdy sn qy is`KW nUM puroihqW qoN irvwieqI ihMdU-idnW dIAW qwrI^W dw pqw sOKw lg jwieAw krdw sI[) ienHW iek`TW nwl swry is`K swl ivc iqMn vwr gurU swihb dy drSn kr jwieAw krdy sn qy dUjw kOm dy sWJy msly vI ivcwirAw krdy sn[ drAsl ieh ATHwrvIN sdI ivc hox vwly „srbq Kwlsw‟ dI irvwieq dI nINh sn[

sMgq ivc lMgr Ckxw lwzmI krnw
gurU Amr dws swihb ny is`KW ivc zwq-pwq dw Brm dUr krn Aqy aunHW ivc „iek pirvwr‟ dw Aihsws kwiem krn vwsqy lMgr nUM is`K jIvn jwc dw iek Atu`t ih`sw bxwieAw[ aunHW dw hukm sI ik gurU drbwr ivc hwizr hox qoN pihlW hr iek is`K lMgr zrUr Ck ky Awvy[ pr, “pihly pMgq, pwCY sMgq” dw mqlb

hrigz ieh nhIN sI ik is`K ny BuMjy bih ky lMgr Ckxw hY; ies dw mqlb ieh sI ik hr iek is`K iek QW ‟qy bYT ky, ie`ko qrIky nwl, ie`ko Kwxw Kwvygw[ ies ivc koeI nhIN &rk pYNdw ik lMgr zmIn ‟qy CikAw jwvy jW plMG, kursI jW bYNc ‟qy bYT ky; Asl nukqw qW brwbrI dw sI[ lMgr dw mksd ieh sI ik is`K dy mn ivcoN AKOqI au~cy jnm dw Aihsws qy AKOqI nIvyN Gr ivc jnm lYx dw Brm muk jwvy[ dUjy l&zW ivc gurU swihb is`KW ‟coN Aihswsy-kmqrI (hIx-Bwv) vI Aqy v`fw hox dw hMkwr vI ^qm krnw cwhuMdy sn[ ieh sbk is`K ny isr& lMgr ivc hI nhIN sI inBwauxw blik ies nUM AwpxI swrI izMdZI ivc vI Aml ivc ilAwauxw sI[ ieM\ hI gurU drbwr iv`coN is`KIAW hor g`lW nUM vI Aml ivc ilAwauxw hY[

gurU swihb ny is`KW ivc iek pirvwr dw Aihsws Brn vwsqy zwq-pwq rihq ivAwh nUM auqSwihq vI kIqw[ gurU swihb vyly m`Qo qy murwrI Aqy BweI s`cn-s`c dy ivAwh zwq-pwq dy bMDnW nUM qoV ky kIqy gey sn qy ies nwl AKOqI CotI zwq dy lokW dw is`K jIvn jwc nwl ipAwr bVw viDAw sI[

sqI Aqy prdw dI rsm bMd krnw
gurU swihb ny AOrq nUM mrd dy brwbr KVHw krn vwsqy vI bVy suDwr kIqy sn[ ienHW ivcoN iek sqI dI rsm nUM ^qm krnw vI sI[ ieh zwlmwnw rsm ihMdUAW ivc bVI Aihm QW rKdI sI[ gurU swihb ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik Awpxy mrd dy mrn mgroN AOrq Awpxy Awp nUM mrd dI icKw ‟qy nhIN swVygI[ auh cwhy qW nvW ivAwh kr ky izMdZI nUM cMgy lyKy lweygI[ aunHW AOrqW ivc ieh Aihsws BirAw ik auh isr& mrd dI vrqoN dIAW cIzW nhIN hn blik Awpxy-Awp ivc iek invyklI QW rKdIAW hn[ ieh vI jwpdw hY ik is`KW ivc sqI dI rsm bMd hox mgroN Akbr ny ihMdU AOrqW ‟qy vI pwbMdI lw idqI sI ik auh vI sqI nhIN ho skxgIAW[ dUjy l&zW ivc Akbr ‟qy gurU swihb dy hukm dw Asr hoieAw hox dy Awswr vI hn[

AOrq vwsqy gurU swihb dw ieh vI hukm sI ik auh prdw nhIN krngIAW[ aus vyly ihMdU qy muslm Drm ivc mrd ny AOrq nUM AwpxI jwiedwd vWg prdy ip`Cy lukw ky riKAw sI qy Awpxy Bog dI cIz bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ivc AwpxI hsqI dw Aihsws Brn leI aunHW nUM A`gy vD ky rol Adw krn dy kwibl bxwieAw[ iek vwr jd hrIpur irAwsq dI rwxI goieMdvwl AweI qW gurU swihb ny aus nUM vI prdw krn qoN roikAw qy ikhw ik auh Awpxy Awp nUM rwjy dI jwiedwd nw smJy blik irAwsq dI brwbr dI BweIvwl jwxy[ prdy dI musIbq ^qm hox nwl AOrqW ^ud nUM mrdW dy brwbr smJ ky A`gy vD ky swry kMmW ivc brwbr dw ih`sw pwaux lg peIAW[ gurU swihb ny Awp vI mQo qy murwrI dI joVI nUM iek prcwr sYNtr dw muKI bxw ky AOrq nUM pRcwrk qk dw drjw vI idqw[

is`K rsmo irvwz nUM nymb`D krnw
gurU swihb ny is`KW ivc iek ivl`Kx hsqI dw Aihsws Brn vwsqy is`KW dy rozm`rw dIAW rsmW nUM nymb`D kIqw[ aunHW ny is`KW nUM jnm, ivAwh, mOq sbMDI rsmW bwry hdwieqW idqIAW qW jo is`K ihMdUAW qy muslmwnW qoN v`K, pMQk qrIky nwl, kwrvweIAW/rsmW inBw skx qy auh ZlqI nwl vI ZYrW dIAW rsmW inBwauNdy dogly nw AKvwaux[ aunHW dy Awpxy joqI-joq smwaux vyly idqIAW hdwieqW (ijs nUM bwbw AnMd ny bwxI „s`d‟ ivc q&sIl nwl ibAwinAw hY) ies dw iek pRq`K sbUq hn[ gurU swihb dIAW ienHW hdwieqW qoN iKJ ky 1566 ivc ihMdUAW dy puroihqW ny Akbr kol iSkwieq kIqI ik gurU swihb „gwieqrI dy mMqr‟ qoN htw ky „gurbwxI‟ pVHwauNdy hn[ aunHIN idnIN ihMdUAW ny Akbr nUM AwpxIAW DIAW ivAwhIAW hoeIAW sn, ies kr ky Akbr aunHW dI g`l bVy iDAwn nwl suixAw krdw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb nUM Awpxy drbwr ivc bulwieAw[ gurU swihb ny Awp jwx dI QW BweI jyTw (mgroN gurU rwm dws swihb) nUM aus kol Byj idqw, ijnHW ny Akbr nUM scweI dsI qy is`KW dy lwswnI kOm hox bwry smJwieAw[ jd Akbr nUM hkIkq pqw lgI qW aus ny ihMdUAW nUM ikhw ik jd is`K ihMdU hn hI nhIN qW auh ihMdU rsmW ikauN inBwaux? aus ny iSkwieqW krn vwly bRwhmxW nUM iJVkW mwrIAW qy Zlq ibAwnI dI szw idqI[ ies mgroN Akbr gurU swihb nUM imlx vwsqy, 1571 ivc, goieMdvwl vI AwieAw[

ij`Qy Akbr ny goieMdvwl ivc Aw ky gurU Amr dws swihb dy drbwr dI hwzrI BrI sI au~Qy keI swl pihloN Syr Swh sUr dy qIjy vwirs Awidl Swh sUr (1545-1553) ny vI Awpxy Aihd dy Aw^rI swl gurU Amr dws swihb nwl nyVqw bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI [ aus ny gurU swihb dy AwKx ‟qy is`KW ‟qy jzIAw vrgw „Xwqrw tYks‟ lwauxw bMd kr idqw sI[ ieMj aus bwdSwh ny vI is`KW nUM iek vKry Drm vjoN kbUl kr ilAw sI[ ieh g`l audoN dI hY jd gurU Amr dws swihb jnvrI 1553 ivc kurUkSyqr, hirduAwr qy Ajoky XU.pI. dy ielwky dy Dwrimk dOry

‟qy gey sn qy aunHW qoN dirAw pwr krn vyly Xwqrw-tYks mMigAw igAw sI qW gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM disAw sI ik is`K ihMdU nhIN blik iek Awzwd Drm nUM mMnx vwly hn, Aqy is`KW dw ihMdU qIrQW nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY qy auh aus ielwky ivc ihMdUAW dy qIrQW dI Xwqrw vwsqy nhIN blik is`K Drm dy prcwr vwsqy aus ielwky vl Awey hn[ gurU Amr dws swihb pMQ dI syvw krdy hoey pihlI sqMbr 1574 dy idn joqI-joiq smwey[

gurU Amr dws swihb ny bhuq swrI bwxI vI rcI[ ies ivc „AnMd swihb‟ vI hY ijs nUM is`K hr roz pVHdy hn qy ies dIAW Cy pauVIAW hr vwr Ardwis qoN pihlW pVHIAW jWdIAW hn[

gurU swihb bwry mgroN GVIAW geIAW kuJ swKIAW

1. joqSI durgo v`loN aunHW dy pYr ivc AKOqI „pdm‟ dw inSwn vyK ky aunHW bwry pySIngoeI krnw ik auh jW qW ckrvrqI rwjw jW koeI mhwn rUhwnI hsqI bxngy[ (is`K Drm ivc AKOqI joiqS nUM r`d kIqw igAw hY[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik iksy bRwhmx jW joqSI ny Awpxw pRcwr krn vwsqy ieh khwxI GVI hovygI)[

2. gurU Amr dws swihb v`loN gurU AMgd swihb dy nhwaux vwsqy ibAws qoN (jo au~QoN 10 iklomItr hY) pwxI ilAwauxw[ aus vyly „bIbI Amro dw KUh‟ KfUr swihb ivc mOjUd sI qy pwxI aus KUh ivcoN Br ky ilAwaux dI g`l shI ho skdI hY nw ik ibAws dirAw qoN (Aqy Eh vI isrP lMgr leI pwxI ilAwauNdy hoxgy ikauNik guru AMgd swihb Aj dy swD bwibAW vWg iksy guris~K qoN injI syvw nhIN sn lYNdy)[ auN\ jy dirAw qoN pwxI ilAwaux vwlI g`l mMn leIey qW ies ihswb nwl ipMf dy bwkI lok qW nhwauNdy hI nhIN hoxgy qy swrw idn pIx dw pwxI FoNdy hI rih jWdy hoxgy[ kuJ lokW ny ieh khwxI gurU Amr dws swihb dI syvw Bwvnw dw iezhwr krn vwsqy GVI ho skdI hY pr is`KI AijhI syvw Bwvnw nUM mnzUr nhIN krdI ik iek syvk gurU swihb vwsqy swlW b`DI pwxI hI FoNdw rhy[ auN\ is`K qvwrI^ ivc sw& piVHAw jw skdw hY ik swry gurU Awpxy h`QIN Awp syvw (kwr syvw qy sMgq dI syvw) kirAw krdy sn nw ik AwpxI syvw krvwauNdy sn[ gurU AMgd swihb qW rotI vI lMgr coN Ckx dI bjwie h`QIN ikrq kr ky KwieAw krdy sn[ ieh khwxI iksy swD ny AwpxI syvw krvwaux vwsqy GVI ho skdI hY[

3. julwhy dI  K`fI  nwl  Tu`fw  Kw  ky  ifgx  mgroN  aus  dI  Gr  vwlI  nUM

„kmlI‟ kihxw jW iek qrHW dw srwp dyxw Zlq hY[ iek qW is`K Drm ivc vr/srwp nUM r`d kIqw igAw hY[ dUjw, gurU swihb v`loN ieho ijhy bol bolxw jW aunHW dy bolx nwl iksy dw „kmlI‟ ho jwxw, is`K &ls&y muqwibk Zlq hY[

4. AKOqI BgqI/qp vwsqy ik`lI nwl kys bMnHxw jW aus nUM PV ky KVy ho ky AKOqI BgqI krnw Zlq hY[ is`K Drm Aijhy AKOqI „qp‟ nUM mnzUr nhIN krdw ikauN ik ieh sB krm-kWf qy pwKMf dw ih`sw hn[ ieh Aqy ieho ijhIAW keI hor „khwxIAW‟ (jo hor gurU swihbwn bwry vI imldIAW hn) bRwhmxI lyKkW dy idmwZ dI kwrvweI hn ikauN ik ieh swrIAW is`KI dy muFly AsUlW dy ault hn[ auN\ ies khwxI ivc kysW dI vI byAdbI kIqI hoeI hY[

5. ieM\ hI bweI mMjIAW ivc jMifAwly dy pMQ doKI hMdwl dw nW Swiml kIqw jwxw vI jMifAwlw dy ibDIcMdIAW dy toly dI Srwrq hY[ ieh g`l bVI idlcsp hY ik hMdwl dw jnm 1573 dw hY qy gurU Amr dws swihb dw joqI-joiq smwauxw 1574 dw hY Xwin ijs vyly gurU swihb joqI-joiq smwey hMdwl isr& iek swl dw sI[ ies kr ky aus nUM „mMjI‟ sONpx dI g`l ^wils g`p hY[

6. qpy dI khwxI nUM gurU swihb dy nW nwl joVnw vI g`p hY[ gurU AMgd swihb dI jIvnI ivc ies khwxI dI q&sIl id`qI jw cukI hY[

7. ieM\ hI gurU AMgd swihb dy pYr dy AMgUTy ivc kohV hox Aqy gurU Amr dws jI v`loN aunHW dy pYr dw AMgUTw cUs ky kohV ^qm krn dI g`p vI iksy bRwhmxI iksm dy lyKk ny GVI hY[

   (fw. hrijMdr isG idlgIr)

gurU rwm dws swihb

gur nwnk inkit bsY bnvwrI [iqin lhxw Qwip joiq jig DwrI [
lhxY pMQu Drm kw kIAw [ Amr dws Bly kau dIAw [
iqin sRI rwmdwsu soFI iQru Qpau [ (gXMd B`t)
ieku auqm pMQu suinE gur sMgq iqh imlMq jm qRws imtweI]
iek Ardwis Bwt kiriq kI gur rwmdws rwKhu srxweI ] (kIrq B`t)
bYTw soFI pwqSwh rwmdwsu siqgurU khwvY [
pUrn qwilu KtwieAw AMimRqsir ivic joiq jgwvY [ (BweI gurdws)

gurU rwmdws swihb dw jnm 24 sqMbr 1534 dy idn mwqw dXw kOr qy bwbw hrI dws {puqr Twkr dws qy poqrw bwbw guridAwl} dy Gr mOjUdw cUnw mMfI lwhOr (hux pwiksqwn) dy iek Gr ivc hoieAw sI[ (ies QW ’qy iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY)[ Awp dw bcpn dw nW ‘jyTw’ sI[ Awp Ajy isr& swFy s`q swl dy sn ik Awp dy ipqw bwbw hrI dws (1496-1542) cVHweI kr gey[ ies mgroN Awp dy mwqw jI Awp nUM ipMf bwsrky (hux bwsrky ig`lW) lY Awey[ Awp ny Agly iqMn cwr swl bwsrky ig`lW ivc hI ibqwey[ ie`Qy rihMidAW Awp dI nyVqw BweI Amr dws swihb (mgroN gurU Amr dws swihb) nwl ho geI[ aunHW ny BweI jyTw nUM Awpxy pYrW ’qy KVHw hox ivc bVI mdd kIqI[ 1544 ivc (gurU) Amr dws swihb KfUr swihb ivc gurU AMgd swihb nUM imly Aqy kuJ icr mgroN au~Qy hI rihx lg pey[ ies qoN kuJ icr mgroN BweI jyTw vI KfUr jwx lg pey[ BweI jyTw ny vI KfUr swihb ivc kw&I smW ibqwieAw[ 1552 ivc jd gurU Amr dws swihb ny gurg`dI sMBwlI qW Awp vI aunHW dy nwl goieMdvwl jw ky rihx lg pey[ BweI jyTw dw gurU Amr dws swihb nwl eynw ipAwr sI ik auh aunHW nUM Awpxy Gr dw iek jIA hI smJdy sn[ gurU swihb ij`Qy vI jWdy sn Awp nUM vI nwl hI rKdy sn[ jd gurU Amr dws swihb kurUkSyqr jW hirduAwr jW ikqy hor vI gey qW vI BweI jyTw aunHW dy nwl sn[

gurU rwm dws swihb nUM is`K &ls&y dI fUMGI jwxkwrI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw auh bVy sUJvwn vI sn[ gurU Amr dws swihb ny is`KW ivc iek ivl`Kx hsqI dw Aihsws Brn vwsqy is`KW dy rozm`rw dIAW rsmW nUM nymb`D kIqw[ gurU swihb dIAW ienHW hdwieqW qoN iKJ ky 1566 ivc ihMdUAW dy puroihqW ny Akbr kol iSkwieq kIqI[ aus ny gurU swihb nUM Awpxy drbwr ivc bulwieAw[ gurU swihb ny Awp jwx dI QW BweI jyTw nUM aus kol Byj idqw ijs ny Akbr nUM scweI d`sI qy is`KW dy lwswnI qy inAwrI kOm hox bwry smJwieAw[ jd Akbr nUM hkIkq pqw lgI qW aus ny ihMdUAW nUM ikhw ik jd is`K ihMdU hn hI nhIN qW auh ihMdU rsmW ikauN inBwaux? aus ny iSkwieqW krn vwly ihMdUAW nUM ^Ub iJVkW mwrIAW qy Zlq ibAwnI dI szw idqI[ jd BweI jyTw lwhOr qoN goieMdvwl pu`jy qW gurU Amr dws swihb aunHW qy bVy ivgsy qy aunHW dI isAwxp dI bVI dwd idqI[

BweI jyTw dI S^sIAq, aunHW dI eImwndwrI, aunHW dy ie^lwk, aunHW dI syvw Bwvnw, aunHW dI sUJ-bUJ vyK ky gurU Amr dws swihb ny AwpxI bytI bIbI BwnI dw ivAwh 1544 ivc Awp nwl kr idqw[ Awp jI dy Gr 1548 ivc v`fy puqr ipRQI cMd ny, 1551 ivc dUjy pu`qr mhWdyv ny qy 13 AprYl 1553 dy idn (gurU) Arjn swihb ny jnm ilAw[

1574 ivc gurU Amr dws swihb ny Awp nUM gurg`dI dI syvw sONpI qy Awp joqI-joiq smw gey[ gurU rwm dws swihb nUM 32 swl (1542 qoN 1574) gurU Amr dws swihb dw swQ mwxn dw Sr& hwisl sI[ gurU rwm dws swihb ny s`q swl gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwlI qy 1581 ivc joqI-joiq smw gey[ ieM\ Awp ny kul 39 swl pMQ dI syvw kIqI[

gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) vswauxw
gurU rwm dws swihb dy Aihd dw iek bVw v`fw kdm gurU dw c`k (hux AMimRqsr) ngr nUM kwiem krnw sI[gurU dw c`k vswaux dw &Yslw gurU rwm dws Aqy gurU Amr dws swihb dw sWJw sI[gurU Amr dws swihb ny gurU rwm dws swihb nUM ieh ngr vswaux vwsqy Awp ByijAw sI[ ies ngr vwsqy BweI

jyTw (gurU rwm dws swihb) ny 1564 ivc quMg, sulqwnivMf qy gumtwlI ipMfW dI zmIn 700 AkbrI rupY dy ky ^rIdI Aqy sB qoN pihlW sMqoKsr srovr dI putweI SurU kIqI[ pr, ies dI putweI Ajy pUrI qrHW nhIN sI hoeI ik gurU Amr dws swihb ny BweI jyTw nUM vwips goieMdvwl bulw ilAw ikauN ik gurU drbwr Aqy ngr dw ieMqzwm aunHW koloN iek`ilAW nhIN sI ho irhw[ ies kr ky 1564 ivc gurU dw c`k ngr dI kwiemI A`D-ivckwr hI ruk geI Aqy Agly ds swl qk ieh ngr v`s nw sikAw[ 1574 ivc gurU Amr dws swihb joqI-joiq smw gey qy BweI jyTw cOQy gurU nwnk bxy[ gurU Amr dws swihb dy ibMdI pu`qrW mohn qy mohrI nUM goieMdvwl dI jwiedwd sMBwl ky gurU rwm dws swihb gurU dw c`k vwlI jgh ‘qy Aw gey Aqy ie`Qy Ajoky gurduAwrw ‘gurU dy mihl’ vwlI QW ’qy Gr bxw ky rihx lg pey[ hwlW ik 10 swl pihlW aunHW ny sMqoKsr srovr dI putweI SurU kr idqI sI pr kuJ kwrnW nUM muK rK ky aunHW pihlW AMimRqsr srovr dI putweI SurU kr idqI iqMn swl ivc hI (1577 ivc) srovr iqAwr ho igAw[ iksy vI nvyN ngr dI sB qoN pihlI zrUrq pwxI dI huMdI hY ies kr ky gurU swihb ny pihlW AMimRqsr qy iPr 1578 ivc sMqoKsr srovr vI iqAwr krvw ilAw[ ies dy nwl hI Sihr ivc keI Drmswlw (AjokI bolI ivc srwvW) vI bx geIAW[

jd 1578 ivc dovyN srovr bx ky iqAwr ho gey qW gurU swihb ny swry pwisEN is`KW nUM s`dy Byj ky nvyN ngr ivc vsx vwsqy ikhw[ gurU swihb ny pUrI plwinMg nwl hr ik`qy dy is`K aus ngr ivc vswey qW jo ieh mwfl ngr Awpxy Awp ivc iek mukMml ‘istI styt’ bx jwvy[ hux ngr ivc Dwrimk kwrvweIAW vwsqy iek gurduAwrw, XwqrUAW Aqy mukwmI lokW dy nhwaux dw mslw h`l krn vwsqy do srovr, pIx dw pwxI muh`eIAw krn vwsqy drjnW KUh, XwqrUAW vwsqy bhuq swrIAW DrmswlvW (srwvW), hr qrHW dw swmwn ^rIdx vwsqy dukwnW qy hr hunr dy kwrIgr ies ngr ivc mOjUd sn[ ies qoN pqw lgdw hY ik gurU rwm dws swihb aus zmwny dy sB qoN v`fy istI plwnr sn[ jd aunHW ny ‘gurU dw c`k’ vswieAw qW (gurU) Arjn swihb vI aunHW nwl h`Q vMfwieAw krdy sn qy ies qjrby nUM aunHW ny hor ngr vswaux vyly b^UbI vriqAw[

msMd jmwq nUM kwiem krnw
gurU rwm dws swihb isr& iek istI plwnr hI nhIN sn blik iek bVy v`fy kOmI AwrgynweIzr vI sn[ ij`Qy gurU Amr dws swihb ny is`K imSn nUM bweI v`fy sYNtr (mMjIAW) qy 52 in`ky sYNtr (pIVHy) bxw ky Drm pRcwr dw kMm jQybMdk qrIky nwl clwieAw sI Aqy au~Qy gurU rwm dws swihb ny ies qoN Aglyrw kdm pu`itAw[ aunHW ny ienHW mMjIAW Aqy pIVHIAW vwly sYNtrW ivc iek-iek p`kw nuMmwieMdw nwmzd kr idqw[ aunHW ienHW numwieMidAW nUM ‘msMd’ (msMd dw l&zI mwAnw hY auh jo g`dI ’qy bYTdw hY pr is`K Drm ivc ieh auh numwieMdw hY jo zon dw ieMcwrj hY) dw nW idqw[ ienHW msMdW dw kMm is`K sMgqW ivc Drm prcwr krnw, gurU swihb qy is`KW ivc rwbqw bxwauxw, is`KW dw AwpsI qwlmyl krvwauxw, is`KW dw dsvMD qy hor Bytw gurU swihb qk phuMcwauxw qy hor pMQk kwrvweIAW krnw sI[ ieh msMd drAsl auh sn ijhVy AwpxI eImwndwrI, syvw qy is`KI dy igAwn kwrn jwxy jWdy sn[ msMd jmwq dy kwiem hox nwl ‘gurU dw c`k’ iek ‘istI styt’ hI nhIN blik iek kOm dw hY~fkuAwrtr vI bx igAw[

gurU rwm dws swihb vyly B`t kvI is`K drbwr dw pUrw ih`sw bx cuky sn[ B`tW qoN ielwvw aus vyly s`qw qy blvMf vrgy FwfI vI gurU drbwr ivc syvw inBwA rhy sn[ gurU swihb ny hor ivdvwnW nUM vI gurU drbwr dI syvw sONpI[ ies nwl is`KW ivc rUhwnIAq qy syvw dy nwl-nwl ivdvqw dw p`K vI kOmI soc dw ih`sw bxnw SurU ho igAw[

bwxI dI rcnw
gurU rwm dws swihb iek mhwn bwxI-rcnhwr vI sn [ Awp ny 30 rwgW ivc bwxI ilKI[ Awp dI bwxI ivc 638 Sbd, 8 vwrW, 246 pdy, 31 AStpdIAW qy 138 slok Swiml hn[ ies bwxI ivc is`K AnMd kwrj vyly pVHI jwx vwlI bwxI lwvW Aqy vfhMs rwg ivc GoVIAW dI Dwrnw ’qy (Dwrimk) GoVIAW Aqy CMd vI Swiml hn[ BwvyN gurU swihb ny ieh bwxIAW isr& AnMd kwrj jW ivAwh dIAW rsm vwsqy nhIN ilKIAW sn, pr ienHW ivcoN iek is`K ivAwh nUM rUhwnIAq dI nzr nwl vyKx dw sbk zrUr imldw

hY[ iesy qrHw hI Awp jI dy Sbd “gur siqgur kw jo isKu AKwey…” nUM iek s`cy is`K dw roznwmcw mMinAw jWdw hY:

gur siqgur kw jo isKu AKwey, su Blky auiT hir nwmu iDAwvY [
audmu kry Blky prBwqI, ieSnwn kry AMimRq sr nwvY [
aupdyis gurU hir hir jpu jwpY, siB iklivK pwp doK lih jwvY [
iPir cVHY idvsu gurbwxI gwvY, bhidAw auTidAw hir nwmu iDAwvY [
jo swis swis igrwis iDAwey myrw hir hir, so gurisK gurU min BwvY
ijs no dieAwlu hovY myrw suAwmI, iqsu gurisK gurU aupdysu suxwvY [
jnu nwnku DuiV mMgY iqsu gurisK kI, jo Awp jpY Avrh nwmu jpwvY[

(gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 305)

gurU rwm dws swihb ny isr& s`q swl gurg`dI dI syvw kIqI pr eyny QoVHy smyN ivc Awp ny eyny mhwn kwrnwmy kIqy ik iek Awm bMdw dMg rih jWdw hY[ gurU rwm dws swihb ies dunIAW ivc isr& 47 swl hI rhy[ ies ivcoN 39 swl aunHW ny pMQ dI syvw dy lyKy lwey[ pMQ dI syvw krdy hoey Awp pihlI sqMbr 1581 dy idn goieMdvwl ivc joqI-joiq smw gey[

gurU rwmdws swihb nwl sbMDq kuJ mnGVq khwxIAW:

1. ieh swKI ik, gurU rwm dws swihb nUM gurg`dI bIbI BwnI v`loN vr mMgx kr ky imlI sI, is`KI AsUlW dy ault hY ikauNik gurg`dI isr& ^UbIAW (&ls&y dI sUJ, syvw, jQybMdk ^UbIAW, AgvweI dI kwblIAq vZYrw) kr ky hI id`qI jWdI sI[
2. ieh kihxw ik srovr iek Aijhy C`pV ’qy bxwieAw igAw ij`QoN kW fubkI lw ky hMs bx jWdy sn Aqy ies srovr nUM rjnI dI mnoklipq khwxI nwl joVnw ijs dy ipMgly pqI dw kohV qy Apwhj-puxw AKOqI qOr ’qy dUr hoieAw sI, ieh dovyN g`pW XkInn iksy bRwhmx lyKk ny ies swizS nwl GVIAW hoxgIAW ik ies nUM iksy ‘pRwcIn’ ihMdU mMdr jW imQhws nwl joV ky ies ’qy ihMdUAW dw h`k bxw id`qw jwvy (Aqy duKBMjnI byrI jW hirduAwr dI qrz ’qy GVI AKOqI ‘hir kI pOVI’ nUM hI ihMdUAW dI bxw id`qw jwvy)[
3. sMqoKsr srovr dI putweI vyly hyToN zmIn iv`coN iek ‘jogI’ inkilAw jo ‘smwDI ivc lIn’ sI[ ieh g`p vI XkInn iksy bRwhmx lyKk ny ieh soc ky GVI hovygI ik ies nUM iksy ‘pRwcIn’ ihMdU mMdr jW imQhws nwl joV ky ies ’qy ihMdUAW dw h`k bxw id`qw jwvy[
4. gurU rwm dws swihb jI dw sRIcMd nUM ieh kihxw ik ieh dwVHI quhwfy crn (pYr) JwVn vwsqy hY[ ieh khwxI iksy gurU swihb dy ibMdI vwirs ny Awpxy ^wndwn dI pUjw krvwaux vwsqy GVI hovygI (ieh Swied imhrbwn dw kMm ho skdw hY)[ auN\ ieh dwVHI dI byAdbI vI hY[
5. gurU Arjn swihb ny lwhOr qoN cwr ic`TIAW ilKIAW (myrw mn locy… vwly SbdW vwlIAW) ijnHW dy ADwr ’qy aunHW nUM gurg`dI dy id`qI geI[ ieh Sbd gurg`dI imlx qoN pihlW nhIN sn ilKy jw skdy ikauN ik ienHW ivc ‘nwnk’ Cwp hY[ ieh khwxI vI gurg`dI nUM ibnW ^UbIAW vyKy dyx dw nukqw pRcwrn vwsqy GVI jwpdI hY
6. iek hor g`p ieh vI iksy is`K-doKI ny GVI hoeI hY ik iek vwr gurU Amr dws jI ieSnwn kr rhy sn qW aunHW dI cOkI/pIVHI dw phw/pwvw tu`t igAw qy aunHW dI bytI BwnI ny Awpxw pYr aus dy hyTW r`K id`qw qW jo cOkI/pIVHI dy iKskx nwl nhwauNidAW aunHW dI ‘ibrqI’ nw tu`t jwvy[ ies nwl BwnI dy pYr ivcoN ^Un vgx lg ipAw[ jd gurU jI nhw ky hty qW auh bIbI dy pYr ivxoN ^Un vgdw vyK ky bhuq hYrwn hoey qy nwl hI bIbI dI SrDw ‘qy ^uS vI hoey[ gurU Amr dws jI ny BwnI nUM ikhw ik “mMg lY jo mMgxw eI”, qy BwnI ny ieh vr mMigAw ik “gur-g`dI sdw vwsqy myry Gr ivc hI rhy[” ies kr ky hI gur-g`dI gurU rwm dws (qy ies mgroN gurU Arjn qy aunHW dy b`cy/vwirsW) nUM imlI sI[ pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik DIAW bwp nUM ieM\ ieSnwn nhIN krvwauNdIAW; dUjw, lok A`KW bMd kr ky nhIN nhwieAw krdy; qIjw, nhwauNidAW ‘ibrqI’ l`gx aqy tu`tx vwlI g`l dw is`KI nwl koeI sbMD nhIN; cOQw, gurg`dI ’qy h`k isr& kwbl vwirs dw huMdw hY ik nw ik ieh iksy vr imlx kwrn jW ipqw purKI jW ^wndwnI hY[
7. iek hor g`p ieh vI iksy is`K-doKI ny GVI hoeI hY ik iek vwr gurU Amr dws jI ny AwpxI DI BwnI nUM pu`iCAw ik jy qyrw pqI mr jwvy qW qUM kI mihsUs kryNgI; aunHW ieh vI ikhw ik qyry pqI rwm dws dI aumr QoVHI hY[ ies ‘qy bIbI ny AwpxI n`Q auqwr ky gurU jI dy pYrW ivc r`K id`qI[ ieh vyK ky gurU Amr dws jI ny vr id`qw ik mYN AwpxI aumr dy bwkI dy swk qyry pqI nUM dy id`qy hn[
8. iek hor g`p vI pRclq hY ik gurU Amr dws jI ny gurg`dI dyx qoN pihlW Awpxy dohW jvweIAW BweI jyTw (gurU rwm dws, pqI bIbI BwnI) Aqy BweI rwmw (pqI bIbI dwnI) dy iemiqhwn ley sn[ aunHW ny dohW jvweIAW (jyTw qy rwmw) nUM iek iek QVHw bxwaux vwsqy ikhw[ jd QVHw bx igAw qW gurU jI ny auh QVHw r`d kr id`qw qy Fwhux vwsqy ikhw[ jd dohW ny QVHw dobwrw bxw ilAw qW gurU jI ny Pyr nwpsMd kr ky dobwrw Fuhw idqy[ ieM\ jd iqMn vwr ho cukw qW BweI rwmw ny cOQI vwr QVHw bxwaux qoN nWh kr id`qI, pr, BweI jyTw ny gurU jI dy kihx ‘qy Cy vwr QVHw Fwh-Fwh ky bxwieAw, qy jd sqvIN vwr bxwieAw qW gurU jI ny pws kr id`qw, Aqy ies mgroN gurg`dI aunHW nUM dy id`qI[ ies g`p ivc do v`fIAW Zlq g`lW hn: pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik gurU Amr dws jI dI ieko bytI BwnI sI qy ieh g`p pRcwrn vwsqy iksy ny nklI dwnI nUM gurU jI dI bytI bxw id`qw hY; dUjw gur-g`dI QVHw bxwaux kr ky nhIN id`qI jwxI sI[ ijs ny ieh khwxI GVI hY auh gurU jI dw hukm vwr-vwr mMnx dI Srq nUM gur-g`dI vwsqy ieko-iek kwblIAq swibq krnI cwhuMdw hY, jo ik iblkul Zlq hY; gurU Amr dws jI ny qW BweI jyTw dI kwblIAq keI p`KW qoN prK ky aunHW nUM gur-g`dI dI syvw sONpI sI[

{fw. hrijMdr isMg idlgIr}

gurU Arjn swihb

Bin mQrw, mUriq sdw, iQru lwie icqu, snmuK rhhu [
kljuig jhwju, Arjn gurU, sgl isRist ligib qrhu [
jpHau ijn Arjn, dyv gurU, iPir sMkt, join grB, n AwXau[ (mQrw B`t)
q^q bYTw Arjn gurU, siqgur kw iKvY cMdoAw [
augvxh qy AwQvxhu, chu ckI kIAnu loAw [ (s`qw qy blvMf)

gurU Arjn swihb dw jnm 13 ApRYl 1553 dy idn mwqw BwnI Aqy BweI jyTw (mgroN gurU rwm dws swihb) dy Gr goieMdvwl ivc hoieAw[ (ies vyly qk gurU rwm dws swihb dw nW BweI jyTw sI ikauN ik aunHW Ajy gurg`dI dI syvw nhIN sMBwlI sI)[ gurU Arjn swihb gurU rwm dws swihb dy iqMnW puqrW ivcoN sB qoN Coty sn[

gurU Arjn swihb dw bcpn goieMdvwl ivc Awpxy ipqw gurU rwm dws swihb Aqy nwnw gurU Amr dws swihb dI sMgq ivc guzirAw[ ies kr ky aunHW AMdr ipqw jI Aqy nwnw jI vwlIAW swrIAW ^UbIAW dw sMcwr huMdw irhw[ syvw, isAwxp, ieMqzwm dy gux is`Kx dy nwl-nwl gurU Arjn swihb ny hr qrHW dI qwlIm vI hwisl kIqI[ aunHW ny swrI gurbwxI, BgqW dI bwxI qy &ls&y dIAW ijMnIAW vI ikqwbW gurU Amr dws swihb kol mOjUd sn, swrIAW pVH leIAW[ ieMj swFy XwrHW swl dI aumr ivc hI swihbzwdw Arjn iek kmwl dy nOjvwn bx cuky sn[

pihlI sqMbr 1574 dy idn gurU Amr dws swihb joqI-joiq smw gey qy gurg`dI dI syvw gurU rwm dws swihb nUM sONp gey[ ies qoN CyqI hI bwAd gurU rwm dws swihb gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) Aw gey qy nwl hI 11 swl dy swihbzwdw Arjn vI[ gurU dw c`k Aw ky (gurU) Arjn (swihb) ny ipqw nwl rl ky ngr dI auswrI qy plwinMg ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw pwieAw[ aunHW nUM ies dw qjrbw gurU Amr dws swihb dI sMgq qoN hoieAw sI ijnHW nUM aunHW ny goieMdvwl ngr dI plwinMg vyly ivcwrW Aqy kMm krdy keI vwr vyiKAw suixAw sI[ ies qrHW gurU Arjn swihb CotI aumr qoN hI gurU drbwr, is`K ngr (gurU dw c`k) qy swrIAW pMQk kwrvweIAW ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw lYNdy rhy sn, qy iek izMmydwr S^s bx cuky sn[

Awp Ajy Coty hI sn ik Awp dy nwnw gurU Amr dws swihb Awp dI kuVmweI maU (mO) ipMf (qihsIl i&lOr, izlHw jlMDr) dy BweI ikSn cMd sUrI dI bytI rwm dyeI nwl hI kr gey sn[ pr Awp dI SwdI dI rsm 20 jUn 1579 dy idn pUrI kIqI geI sI[ pr keI swl AwpxI ishq ^rwb rihx kwrn mwqw rwm dyeI ibsqr nwl hI b`J gey ies kr ky aunHW ny bwbw bu`Fw jI nUM bzurg jwx ky gurU swihb kol ByijAw Aqy dUjw ivAwh krvwaux vwsqy zor pwieAw[ pihlW qW gurU swihb ny nWh kIqI pr mwqw rwm dyeI Aqy bwbw bu`Fw jI dy vwr-vwr zor dyx ’qy aunHW nUM hW krnI peI[ Awp dw dUjw ivAwh 19 jUn 1589 dy idn lwhOr dy BweI sMgq rwE dI bytI (mwqw) gMgw nwl hoieAw (mwqw gMgw ny rwm dyeI dI bhuq syvw kIqI pr auh TIk nw ho sky qy CyqI hI cVHweI kr gey)[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm bwbw bu`Fw dy vr nwl hox dI (JUTI) khwxI iesy Gtnw ivcoN GVI geI jwpdI hY ies ivAwh ivcoN 19 jUn 1590 dy idn (gurU) hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm hoieAw sI[ kuJ lyKk Awp dw jnm 1595 ivc mMndy hn, jo shI nhIN hY[

ieh kihxw ik gurU Arjn swihb bwbw bu`Fw nUM (gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy jnm dw ‘vr’ dyx dw) ‘mwx dyxw’ cwhuMdy sn dw mqlb ieh inkldw hY ik gurU Arjn swihb Awp gurbwxI ’qy XkIn nhIN krdy sn qy bwbw bu`Fw nUM gurU gRMQ swihb dI isiKAw dy ault ‘vr dyx vwlw’ (qy auh vI gurU swihb nUM vr dyx vwlw) swibq krnw cwhuMdy sn[ ies khwxI muqwibk qW gurU swihb nUM gurU gRMQ swihb dI isiKAw dy ault kwrvweI krdw d`isAw igAw hY[ (suxn nUM suhxIAW jwpx vwlIAW, pr gurU-inMdw dIAW qy gurbwxI-ivroDI ieho ijhIAW bhuq swrIAW khwxIAW, bRwhmx qy hor is`K-ivroDI lyKkW ny GVIAW hoeIAW hn)[

gurU Arjn swihb nUM gurg`dI sMBwlx mgroN bhuq swry msilAW nwl do-cwr hoxw ipAw[ sB qoN v`fw mslw sI aunHW dy v`fy Brw ipRQI cMd dIAW swizSW[ gurU Arjn swihb nUM gurg`dI sONpy jwx ’qy aunHW dw

v`fw Brw ipRQI cMd bhuq hI AOKw sI[ Gr ivc v`fw hox kwrn, gurU rwmdws swihb dy huMidAW hI aus ny bhuq swry is`KW nwl bVy sbMD bxwey hoey sn[ auh Awpxy Awp lMgr dw ieMcwrj bixAw hoieAw sI[ gurU rwm dws swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux mgroN gurU Arjn swihb nUM gurU drbwr dI swrI syvw vI iek`ilAW krnI pY rhI sI ikauN ik BweI gurdws Awgrw gey hoey sn qy bwbw bu`Fw vI aunHIN idnIN gurU dw c`k ivc nhIN sn[ ies hwlq ivc ipRQI cMd ny swizS rc ky gurU dw lMgr dI swrI rsd bwhro-bwhr Awp kbzy ivc lYxI SurU kr idqI[ ieM\ hI aus ny lMgr dI mwieAw vI sMBwlxI SurU kr idqI[ lMgr ikauN ik sMgqW dIAW Bytw nwl hI cldw sI ies kr ky lMgr dI hwlq hOlI-hOlI kmzor hox lg peI[ A^Ir gurU Arjn sihb nUM vI ies dw pqw lg igAw, pr ies dy bwvjUd aunHW cup hI DwrI r`KI[ Cy kU mhIny mgroN jd BweI gurdws jI vwips gurU dw c`k muV Awey qW aunHW nUM pUrI hwlq dw pqw ligAw[ aunHW ny bwbw bu`Fw, BweI swhlo, BweI pYVw, BweI jyTw Aqy hor sMjIdw is`KW nUM gurU dw c`k bulw ByijAw[ aunHW ny iek`T kr ky PYslw kIqw ik sMgqW nUM ipRQI cMd dIAW krqUqW bwry jwxkwrI idqI jwvy[ bwbw bu`Fw, BweI gurdws qy coxvyN is`K v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc gey qy aunHW ny sMgqW nUM ipRQI cMd dI swizS bwry ^brdwr kIqw[ ies dy nwl hI aunHW gurU dw c`k nUM Awaux vwly rsiqAW ’qy muKI is`KW nUM ibTw idqw qW jo ipRQI cMd qy aus dy swQI is`K sMgqW nUM DoKw nw dy skx[ ies nwl gurU drbwr Aqy gurU dy lMgr dw kMm Pyr vDIAw ho igAw[ hux ipRQI cMd ny srkwrI AihlkwrW nUM BVkw ky qy bRwhmxW nUM v`FI dy ky gurU sihb Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& JUTIAW A&vwhW qy iSkwieqW krnIAW SurU kr idqIAW qW jo gurU swihb nUM muSiklW ivc pwieAw jw sky[

ipRQI cMd dw sB qoN v`fw muhrw iek muZl jrnYl sulhI ^wn sI[ ipRQI cMd v`loN kMn Brn Aqy irSvq imlx mgroN auh gurU dw c`k ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw[ pr ies qoN pihlW ik auh gurU dw c`k phuMcdw rsqy ivc hI GoVy dy bykwbU hox ’qy iek bldy B`Ty ivc ifg ky auh ijaUNdw sV ky mr igAw (iek muslmwn vwsqy A`g ivc ijaUNdy sV ky mrnw bVI v`fI bdiksmqI mMinAw jWdw hY)[ pr ipRQI cMd Ajy vI nw smiJAw[ hux aus ny sulhI ^wn dy BqIjy sulBI ^wn nUM nwl gMiFAw[ aus dI mOq gurU dw c`k vl &Oj lY ky AwauNidAW, Awpxy hI iek ispwhI nwl JgVw hox kwrn, rwh ivc hI ho geI[ ipRQI cMd ny ies dy bwvjUd vI AwpxIAW hrkqW nw C`fIAW qy mrn qk swizSW krdw irhw[

aus ny 1585 ivc Akbr dy iek vzIr mhyS cMdr B`t nwl vI gMF-sMF kIqI[ (mhyS cMdr B`t nUM ‘bIrbl’ dy nW nwl vI Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ ieh bIrbl auhI sI ijhVw Akbr dI rwjpUq bIvI, jo joDpur dy ihMdU-rwjpUq rwjy dI DI sI, nwl ‘dwj’ ivc AwieAw sI)[ ipRQI cMd ny aus rwhIN vI gurU Arjn swihb nUM muSikl ivc pwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ aunHIN idnIN Akbr ny bIrbl nUM id`lI qoN srh`dI sUby dI muihMm ’qy Byj idqw[ srh`dI sUby ivc pTwxW ny bZwvq kIqI hoeI sI[ id`lI qoN kUc krn qoN pihlW bIrbl ny Akbr qoN ieh prvwnw lY ilAw ik auh rsqy ivc swry KqrIAW qoN tYks vsUl kr skygw, ijs nwl aus dI muihMm dw ^rcw inkl Awey[ ipRQI cMd dI swizS sdkw, jd auh goieMdvwl dy p`qx qoN lMG irhw sI qW aus ny Awpxy eylcI gurU dw c`k ivc Byjy qy gurU swihb nUM tYks dyx vwsqy ikhw[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM jvwb idqw ik is`K ihMdU nhIN hn qy nw hI is`KW ivc zwq-pwq huMdI hY, ies kr ky KqrIAW vwlw tYks is`KW ’qy lwgU nhIN huMdw[ ienHW eylcIAW ny bIrbl nUM gurU swihb dy jvwb bwry disAw qW aus ny Amwnq ^wn dI srW qoN Awpxy eylcI dobwrw Byj ky gurU swihb nUM DmkI idqI ik jW qW tYks idE jW mYN vwpsI ’qy hmlw kr idAWgw[ pr bIrbl pTwxW nwl lVweI ivc &rvrI 1586 ivc mwirAw igAw[ ieM\ ipRQI cMd dI ieh swizS vI nwkwm rhI[ ies qoN kuJ icr mgroN hI Akbr ny ZYr-muslmwnW nwl sulh-kul pwilsI vrqxI SurU kr idqI qy iek nvW AkIdw (Drm) “dIn-ie-ielwhI” vI SurU kIqw ijs nwl ZYr-muslmwnW nUM kuJ rwhq mihsUs hoeI[ ies nwl ipRQI cMd dIAW swizSW vI iek vwr qW ruk geIAW qy auh Awpxy shuirAW dy ipMf hyr (izlHw lwhOr) clw igAw[

gurU swihb dI ngr auswrI klw
gurU Arjn swihb ny 1581 ivc gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwlI sI[ kuJ swl qW aunHW nUM ipRQI cMd dIAW swizSW dw mukwblw krnw ipAw[ jd aus dIAW swizSW bynkwb ho geIAW qW gurU swihb ny pMQk syvw nUM jQybMdk qrIky nwl ivaUNqxw SurU kr idqw[ aunHW ny 1586 ivc AMimRqsr srovr nUM p`ikAW krvwieAw[ do

swl mgroN sMqoKsr srovr vI p`kw ho igAw[ 3 jnvrI 1588 dy idn Awp ny AMimRqsr srovr ivc drbwr sihb dI nINh r`KI (mgroN au~nIvIN sdI ivc iek swzSI muslmwn ilKwrI bUty Swh ny ieh pRcwr kIqw ik drbwr swihb dI nINh sweIN mIAW mIr ny r`KI sI[ keI bysmJ is`K lyKkW ny vI ies AYNtI-is`K pRwpygMfy nUM A`KW mIt ky kbUl kr ilAw[ bUty Swh qoN pihlW iksy vI is`K somy ivc mIAW mIr dw izkr qk nhIN hY)[

1590 ivc Awp ny qrn qwrn srovr dI putweI SurU kIqI[ 1592 ivc Awp ny gurU dI vfwlI ipMf dy nyVy iek Cy hrtW vwlw KUh lvwieAw qW jo lokW dw pwxI dw mslw h`l kIqw jw sky[ hux ies QW ’qy vsI hoeI AwbwdI dw nW hI Cyhrtw swihb hY[ 1593 ivc Awp ny krqwrpur (jlMDr) dI nINh r`KI[ 1597 ivc Awp ny ipMf ruhIlw dI Qyh ’qy goibMdpur (hux hirgoibMdpur) ngr dI nINh r`KI[ 1599 ivc Awp ny lwhOr (gurU rwm dws swihb jI dy jnm AsQwn cUnw mMfI) ivc iek bwaulI bxvweI[ gurU dw c`k ivc sMgqW dI AwvwjweI vD jwx kr ky lokW dy ieSnwn dw mslw h`l krn vwsqy 1602 ivc Awp ny rwmsr srovr (gurU dw c`k dw qIjw srovr) iqAwr krvwieAw[ ieMj hI ipMf Gu`kyvwlI ivc iek bwg vI luAwieAw (ijs nUM hux ‘gurU dw bwZ’ ikhw jWdw hY qy 1922 ivc ies dI AwzwdI vwsqy morcw vI lgw sI)[ Xwin qkrIbn 15 swl lgwqwr Awp ngr, srovr, bwaulIAW bxwauNdy rhy Aqy Aijhy keI hor prwjYkt isry cwVHdy rhy[

lok syvw dy hor keI pRwjYkt
gurU swihb ny ngr vswaux dy nwl-nwl lok syvw dy hor keI pRwjYkt vI nypry cwVHy[ gurU swihb ny keI ielwikAW ivc pwxI dI ik`lq dUr krn vwsqy KUh Aqy bwaulIAW bxvweIAW[ ieMj hI Awp ny qrn qwrn ivc kohVIAW dw AwSrm vI bxvwieAw ij`Qy kohVIAW dw ielwj vI huMdw sI Aqy aunHW nUM rotI-pwxI qy irhwieS dI shUlq vI hwisl sI[ iek vwr 1595 ivc n`ky dy ielwky (rwvI qy JnW dy ivckwr) kwl pYx ’qy aunHW ny aus ielwky ivc keI QweIN lMgr vI clwey qy lokW dI bVI mdd kIqI [ gurU swihb Aksr ielwky dy ipMfW dw dOrw kirAw krdy sn qy lokW qoN aunHW dIAW muSiklW sux ky aunHW dw h`l k`Fx ivc mdd idAw krdy sn[ gurU swihb qkrIbn A`T mhIny ies ielwky ivc rhy Aqy lokW dI h`QIN mdd krdy rhy[ ienHW idnW ivc hI (1598 ivc) muZl bwdSwh Akbr lwhOr AwieAw[ auh rsqy ivc goieMdvwl vI ruikAw qy gurU swihb dw SukrIAw kIqw[ aus ny gurU swihb dy kihx ’qy ikswnW dw kuJ ih`sy mwlIAw vI muAw& kr idqw[ gurU swihb dI ieh syvw hI sI ijs kwrn swrw mwJw ielwkw, jo pihlW sKI srvr, gu`gy qy hor muslm pIrW-PkIrW Aqy ihMdU imQhwsk dyviqAW dw pYrokwr sI qy aunHW dI pkV ivc burI qrHW jkiVAw hoieAw sI, hux gurU dw mwJw bx igAw[ ies smyN dOrwn gurU swihb ny KfUr swihb, goieMdvwl, srhwlI, Kwnpur, fyrw bwbw nwnk, krqwrpur (rwvI kMFy vwlw), klwnOr, bwrT (Xwin swry mwJy) ivc is`KI dy pRcwr dI v`fI muihMm clweI[

gurU swihb ny is`KW ivc Awpxw dsvMD (Awmdn dw qkrIbn dsvW ih`sw) k`Fx qy ies nUM Bly kMmW ivc vrqx dI irvwieq SurU krvweI ijs ny mgroN Dwrimk, jQybMdk Aqy smwijk Kyqr ivc Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ mgroN dsvyN pwiqSwh ny ies nUM is`K vwsqy iek lwzmI &rz krwr dy idqw[

Akbr dw gurU drbwr Awauxw
gurU swihb dI lok syvw qy rUhwnIAq ny hor Dwrmik AwgUAW Aqy sInIAr srkwrI AihlkwrW nUM vI kIilAw hoieAw sI[ hor qW hor muZl bwdSwh Akbr vI gurU swihb dI ie`zq krdw sI[ Akbr 24 nvMbr 1598 dy idn ipSwvr vl jwx smyN goieMdvwl ivc ruikAw Aqy gurU swihb dy drSn kIqy[ Akbr dy nwl aus dw vzIr AbU &zl vI sI[ jd Akbr gurU swihb dy drbwr ivc hwizr hoieAw qW aus dy AihlkwrW ny aus dy bYTx-turn vwsqy glIcy ivCwey ijs nUM bwdSwh ny Awpxy h`QIN prHy kr idqw qy ikhw ik rUhwnI drbwr ivc glIicAW ’qy nhIN bYiTAw jWdw[ bwdSwh ny ies mOky ’qy Awm lokW nwl bYT ky lMgr vI CikAw[ turn vyly Akbr ny gurU swihb nUM jW lMgr vwsqy kuJ zmIn dw ptw vI dyxw cwihAw qW gurU swihb ny aus nUM ikhw ik gurU dw lMgr sMgqW dy dsvMD nwl clxw hI TIk hY[ Akbr ies qoN hor vI muqwisr (pRBwivq) hoieAw[ ies mOky ’qy gurU swihb ny Akbr qoN ieh AYlwn zrUr krvwieAw ik is`KW qy jzIAw nw lwgU hovy ikauN ik is`K ihMdU nhIN hn ’qy jzIAw isr& ihMdUAW ’qy hI lwgU huMdw sI (mgroN Akbr ny ihMdUAW nUM vI jzIAw tYks qoN Awzwd kr id`qw)[

dUjy DrmW dy AwgUAW nwl sbMD
gurU Arjn swihb ny hor DrmW qy AkIidAW dy lokW nwl vI bVy nyVly sbMD kwiem kIqy hoey sn[ sweIN mIAW mIr (1550-11.8.1635), jo ieslwm dy ^lI&y aumr dy ^wndwn nwl sbMD rKdw sI, qy ijs dw ipCokV sIsqwn (eIrwn) dw sI, aunHIN idnIN lwhOr dw vwsI sI, nwl gurU swihb dy nzdIkI sbMD sn[ dohW ivc Aksr rUhwnI nukiqAW bwry ivcwrW hoieAw krdIAW sn[ ieh mIAW mIr auhI S^s sI ijs dI muZl bwdSwh vI bVI ie`zq kirAw krdy sn[ hor qW hor bwdSwh Akbr vI aunHW dI bVI dId krdw sI[ jd jhWgIr bwdSwh bixAw qW aus dy duAwly kuJ icr i&rkU mOlwixAW dw Gyrw ipAw irhw qy ies nwl auh mIAW mIr vrgIAW hsqIAW qoN dUr ho igAw[ pr 1618 qoN bwAd jhWgIr dI soc ivc iPr moVw ipAw qy auh muV sweIN mIAW mIr dy nyVy Aw igAw (qy iesy kr ky hI aus ny gurU hirgoibMd sihb nUM gvwlIAr coN irhw kIqw qy iPr gurU hirgoibMd sihb nwl vI aus ny dosqI pweI r`KI)[ mIAW mIr qoN ielwvw gurU swihb dy keI sU&IAW nwl vI sbMD sn jo Aksr gurU swihb dy drSn krn AwieAw krdy sn[

gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp iqAwr krnw
gurU Arjn swihb ny Awpxw bcpn gurU Amr dws swihb dI sMgq ivc ibqwieAw sI[ ies kr ky aunHW dw bwxI dw bVw muqwlIAw sI[ aunHW Awp vI bhuq swrI bwxI dI rcnw kIqI sI[ gurU gRMQ swihb ivc 6000 qoN vD slok hn ijnW ivcoN 2312 Sbd gurU Arjn swihb dy hn[ ienHW ivc Cy vwrW (gauVI, gujrI, jYqsrI, bsMq, mwrU Aqy rwmklI dIAW vwrW) qy suKmnI swihb vI Swiml hn[ aunHW ny 30 rwgW ivc bwxI dI rcnw kIqI[ aunHW kol gurU nwnk swihb, gurU AMgd swihb, gurU Amr dws swihb qy gurU rwmdws swihb dI swrI bwxI peI hoeI sI[ auh cwhuMdy sI ik ies swrI bwxI nUM iek gRMQ dw rUp dy idqw jwvy pr hor ruJyivAW kwrn aunHW nUM ivhl nw iml sikAw[ 1601 ivc jd aunHW rwmsr srovr iqAwr kr ilAw qW aunHW ny ies dy kMFy iek invyklw kmrw iqAwr krvwieAw ij`Qy aunHW ny gurbwxI nUM iek ijld ivc iek`iTAW krnw SurU kr idqw[ gurU swihb ny ies ivc sB qoN pihlW gurU rwmdws swihb dw h`Q ilKq jpujI swihb dw auqwrw Swiml kIqw Aqy bwkI dI ilKweI dI syvw BweI gurdws qoN leI[ gurU swihb Aqy BweI gurdws ny ieh gRMQ 31 julweI 1604 dy idn qk mukMml kr ilAw Aqy ies dw pihlw pRkwS 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn drbwr swihb ivc kIqw[ ies dw pihlw pwT krn dw mwx bwbw bu`Fw jI nUM hwisl hoieAw[ ieh gRMQ 1757 ivc A&Zwn hmly smyN krqwrpur ivc AgnbUd ho igAw sI pr audoN qk ies dy bhuq swry auqwry ho cuky sn[

pihly gurU gRMQ swihb ivc pMj gurU swihb dI bwxI qoN ielwvw B`tW, BgqW Aqy sU&IAW (muslmwnW) dI bwxI vI Swiml kIqI geI sI[ gurU swihb kol BgqW dI swrI bwxI iek vKrI ikqwb ivc mOjUd sI[ ies ivcoN bhuqI bwxI gurU nwnk swihb AwpxIAW audwsIAW dOrwn iek`TI kr ky ilAwey sn[ gurU swihb ny iksy vI Bgq dI swrI rcnw ies ivc Swiml nhIN kIqI blik isr& auh bwxI hI Swiml kIqI ijhVI is`K &ls&y nwl kuJ myl KWdI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw gurU swihb ny swrI bwxI nUM rwgW dy ihswb nwl qrqIb dy ky vMifAw, hr iek vwr ivc pauVIAW qy aunHW nwl FukvyN slok Swiml kIqy[ ies mgroN ijhVy slok bc gey aunHW nUM ‘slok vwrW qoN vDIk’ isrlyK hyT vKirAW drj kr idqw[ aunHW ny (gurU) gRMQ swihb dy A^Ir ivc ‘muMdwvxI’ (muhr) lw ky pUrn kr id`qw[

mgroN gRMQ swihb dy srUp dw auqwrw krn vwly iksy ilKwrI ny kvI Awlm dI rcnw ‘mwDv nl kwm kMdlw’ ivcoN kuJ bMd ‘rwg mwlw’ dy nW hyT iek bIV ivc ilK id`qy[ keI hor auqwirAW ivc isAwhI bxwaux dw &wrmUlw qy hor keI kuJ vI Swiml kr id`qw[ pr ‘rwgmwlw’ jW hor kivqwvW dw gurU gRMQ swihb jW is`KI nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY[ ieM\ hI gurU gRMQ swihb dI iqAwrI vwsqy gurU Arjn swihb v`loN goieMdvwl jw ky mohn qoN do poQIAW ilAwaux vwlI khwxI vI inrI g`p hY[ ieh pRcwr gurU Amr dws swihb dy pu`qr mohn (ijhVw gurg`dI nw imlx kr ky AOKw sI) dy vwirsW ny mohn dI Swn bxwaux vwsqy kIqw hovygw jW ienHW poQIAW dI mhwnqw bxw ky lokW qoN ienHW A`gy m`Qy itkw ky cVHwvw iek`Tw krn vwsqy kIqw hovygw[

gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp iqAwr hox mgroN gurU swihb ny bwkwiedw ies dw pRkwS krnw SurU kr idqw qy hr roz ies dw pwT Aqy kQw hox lg peI[ gurU swihb ny is`KW nUM Sbd gurU dy lV lgx Aqy isr& ies A`gy hI isr Jukwaux vwsqy ikhw[

s`qw qy blvMf dI khwxI dw s`c
s`qw qy blvMf bwry iek swKI mShUr hY ik gurU swihb dy drbwr ivc keI B`t kvI, kIrqnIey qy FwfI hwizr irhw krdy sn[ ienHW ivc hI sn: s`qw qy blvMf, do rbwbI, jo gurU drbwr ivc rbwb vjwieAw qy kIrqn kirAw krdy sn[ iek lyKk muqwibk iek vwr s`qy ny gurU swihb nUM ikhw ik myrI DI dI SwdI hY qy jy gurU drbwr dw iek idn dw pUrw cVHwvw mYnUM iml jwvy qW mYN AwpxI DI dw ivAwh sOiKAW kr skWgw[ gurU swihb ny aus dI Arz kbUl kr leI[ pr ie`q&wkn aus idn sMgq Gt AweI Aqy cVHwvw Gt hoieAw[ ies ’qy s`qw iv`tr igAw Aqy hor rkm mMgx lg ipAw[ jd gurU swihb ny aus dI g`l nw mMnI qW s`qw qy blvMf rus ky cly gey qy Pyr muV ky nw Awey[ gurU swihb dy s`dx ’qy vI auh drbwr ivc hwizr nw hoey[ iek vwr qW gurU swihb ^ud aunHW nUM bulwaux gey pr aunHW Awauxw qW kI sI aultw aunHW ny qW gurU nwnk swihb dI Swn ivc vI ieh AwK ky gusqw^I kIqI ik ‘jy mrdwnw kIrqn nw krdw qW gurU nwnk swihb nUM vI iks ny jwxnw sI?’ s`qw qy blvMf dI ieh ihmwkq vyK ky gurU swihb vwips muV Awey[ dUjy pwsy gurU drbwr dw kMm pihlW vWg cldw irhw[ gurU swihb ny sMgqW nUM smJwieAw ik is`K pMQ iek ie`qhwd hY qy ies ivc koeI vI S^s vDyry Aihm (jW Gt Aihm) nhIN[ AYsw koeI vI S^s nhIN hY ijs ibnw pMQ dw kw&lw ruk jwvygw[ gurU swihb ny hux kIrqn dI syvw BweI hrI rwm, BweI gurSrn Aqy BweI swihb rwm nUM sONp idqI[ ieh iqMny bhuq suhxw kIrqn krn lg pey[ sMgqW nUM hOlI-hOlI ieh vI Bu`l igAw ik s`qw qy blvMf dI kdy hoNd vI sI jW nhIN[ auDr, s`qw qy blvMf dI AwkV bVI CyqI B`j geI[ aunHW dohW dy GrW dw ^rcw gurU drbwr coN imlx vwlI Bytw dy Awsry ’qy hI cldw sI[ hux aunHW nUM rotI imlxI vI AOKI ho geI[ jd auh Bu`Ky mrn lg pey qW aunHW ny iek is`K BweI l`Dw dy pYr PVy Aqy aunHW rwhIN gurU swihb qoN muAw&I mMgI[ jd gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM muAw& kr idqw qW auh ^ud drbwr ivc hwzr hoey qy sMgqW qoN vI vwr-vwr muAw&I mMgI[ s`qy qy blvMf dI iek vwr gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hY[

s`qw qy blvMf gurU drbwr dy bVy Aihm drbwrI sn bhuq ipAwr qy SrDw nwl kIrqn kirAw krdy sn[ aunHW dI S^sIAq nUM fygx vwsqy iksy ny aunHW dy gurU swihb nwl ‘rus jwx’ qy iPr muAw&I mMgx dI khwxI GVI sI[ s`qw qy blvMf ny gurU gRMQ swihb ivclI AwpxI ‘vwr’ iek ‘muAw&Inwmy’ vjoN nhIN ilKI sI[(AijhIAW khwxIAW pihloN jnmswKIAW dy lyKkW ny BweI mrdwnw vwsqy vI GVIAW sn)[

gurU swihb dI ShIdI
gurU Arjn swihb ny 1581 ivc gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwlI sI[ 25 swl dy Awpxy Aihd (smyN) ivc aunHW ny cwr nvyN ngr vswey, bhuq swrIAW bwaulIAW Aqy KUh lvwey, smwj syvw dy keI pRwjYkt srAMjwm kIqy, is`K Drm dw pRcwr qy prswr kIqw, gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp iqAwr kIqw qy is`KW nUM ‘Sbd gurU” dy lV lwieAw[ ies smyN ivc bhuq swry ihMdU qy muslmwn is`K Drm ivc Swiml hoey[ ies swry nUM vyK ky isr& ipRQI cMd mIxw qy i&rkwpRsq ihMdU qy muq`sbI muslmwn vI is`KW qoN Kwr Kwx lg pey sn[ ienHW muslmwnW ivcoN sB qoN isKr dw i&rkU sI srhMd dw SY^ Aihmd, jo nkSbMdI i&rky dw AwgU sI[ aus dI i&rkU soc nvIN nhIN sI auBrI pr Akbr aus dy zihrIly Asr hyTW nhIN sI Aw sikAw ies kr ky aus SY^ dIAW cwlW kwmXwb nw ho skIAW[ 16 AkqUbr 1605 dy idn Akbr dI mOq ho geI[ Agly idn hI k`tV muslmwn gru`p ny Sihzwdw slIm dy ipCly swry gunwh muAw& kr id`qy Aqy aus nUM q^q ‘qy ibTw ky aus nUM jhWgIr dw nW Aqy bwdSwh-ie-ieslwm dw i^qwb dy id`qw[ slIm (jhWgIr) dI q^q nSInI 25 AkqUbr nUM hoeI[

jhWgIr iek A`XwS Sihzwdw sI, ies kr ky Akbr cwhuMdw sI ik aus dI mOq ip`CoN jhWgIr dI QW ’qy aus dw poqw Kusro q^q ’qy bYTy[ pr Akbr dI Acwxk mOq nwl Kusro bwdSwh nw bx sikAw[ auDr, q^q sMBwlx mgroN jhWgIr ny Kusro nUM iek l`K rupY swlwnw dI jwgIr Aqy Awgry dw sUbydwr qy kmWfr-ien-cI& bxwaux dI pySkS kIqI[ aus vyly qW Kusro cup kr igAw pr Cy mhIny mgroN, 6 ApRYl 1606 dy idn, aus ny bZwvq kr id`qI[ pr auh jhWgIr dI &Oj dw mukwblw nw kr sikAw Aqy hwr ky pMjwb v`l nUM B`j tuirAw[ auh hzwrW &OjW nwl mQrw qoN lwhOr vl cl ipAw[ rsqy ivc aus ny goieMdvwl kol ibAws dirAw dw p`qx pwr kIqw Aqy ie`QoN Kusro lwhOr pu`jw pr auh lwhOr dy iklHy ’qy kbzw nw kr sikAw[ aus nUM hor iksy pwisEN vI mdd nw iml skI[

auDr jhWgIr ny SY^ &rId bu^wrI dI kmWf hyT &Oj Byj ky Kusro nUM igR&qwr rkn dw hukm dy id`qw[ dohW &OjW ivckwr Brovwl ivc ^Ub jMg hoeI pr Kusro ie`Qy vI hwr igAw qy auh AwpxI jwn bcwaux vwsqy kwbl v`l B`j ipAw[ pr aus dI qkdIr ny aus dw swQ nw id`qw qy 27 ApRYl 1606 nUM JnW dirAw pwr kridAW hoieAw auh kwbU Aw igAw[

ieDr, Kusro dy i^lw& &Oj Byj ky jhWgIr Awp vI lwhOr vl cl ipAw sI[ auh 10 ApRYl 1606 dy idn srwey ^ws (nkodr qoN 6 iklomItr dUr) phuMc cukw sI[ ie`QoN sulqwnpur coN huMdw hoieAw auh 11 ApRYl 1606 dy idn goieMdvwl pu`jw ij`Qy aus ny ibAws dirAw dw p`qx pwr kIqw[ ies mgroN auh cOpwl (Jbwl) pu`jw qy Awpxw pVwA kIqw[ auh ie`Qy iek h&qw irhw Aqy iPr lwhOr nUM c`l ipAw[ eyny icr ivc aus nUM Kusro dy PVy jwx dI ^br vI iml geI[ lwhOr ivc aus ny drbwr lw ky Kusro nUM Aqy aus dy 700 ihmwieqIAW nUM szwvW id`qIAW[

ies vyly qk jhWgIr lok gurU Arjn swihb dw zrw mwsw vI izkr nhIN sI hoieAw; aus ny gurU jI dy i^lw& koeI g`l nhIN sI suxI, hwlW ik auh Kusro dI zrw-mwsw vI mdd krn vwly hr iek S^s nUM szw suxw irhw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik aus dy lwhOr rihMdy aus nUM muq`sbI muslmwnW Aqy ihMdUAW ny gurU jI dy i^lw& BVkwieAw hovygw ikauN ik jy gurU jI v`loN Kusro dI mdd hI kwrn huMdw qW hux qk aus kol kd dI ^br Aw cukI huMdI Aqy auh gurU jI nUM bwkI 700 jixAW dy nwl hI szw dy dyNdw[

22 meI nUM jhWgIr ny gurU Arjn swihb dI igR&qwrI dw hukm id`qw[ gurU Arjn swihb nUM 24 meI dy idn goieMdvwl qoN igR&qwr kr ky Agly idn lwhOr ivc jhWgIr kol pyS kIqw igAw[ jhWgIr ny gurU jI nUM muslmwn bxn dI pySkS kIqI Aqy nw mMnx ‘qy ‘Xwsw-E-isAwsq’ dy Gor qsIhy dy ky ^qm krn dI szw suxweI[

gurU jI nUM dyZ ivc aubwlxw qy qpdI ryq ivc swVnw
ies szw hyT gurU jI nUM pihlW dyZ ivc aubwilAw igAw Aqy ies mgroN aunHW dy h`Q pYr bMnH ky qpdI ryq ivc su`t id`qw igAw[ jyT dy mhIny ivc ryq A`g vW| qp rhI sI[

kysr isMG iCbr muqwibk cwr idn aunHW nUM rwvI dy kMFy ‘q`qI qvI vWg’ qpdI hoeI ryq ivc qrHW-qrHW dy qsIhy gey[ ies smyN auQoN lMGdy muslmwn aunHW ‘qy p`Qr mwrdy gey qy ienHW ivcoN iek p`Qr jwn-lyvw swibq hoieAw[ mgroN, aunHW dy ijsm nUM p`QrW nwl bMnH ky rwvI dirAw ivc roVH idqw igAw (kysr isMG iCbr, bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqswhIAW dw, cYptr 5, bMd 137-39)[

dibsqwn-ie-mzwihb dy lyKk muqwibk gurU jI nUM qpdI ryq ivc ibTw ky aunHW dy nMgy ijsm ’qy q`qI ryq pweI geI sI qy nwl hI hor qS`dd vI kIqw igAw sI ijs nwl aunHW dw ijsm Cwly pYx mgroN sV-gl igAw qy A^Ir aunHW nUM r`isAW nwl bMnH ky dirAw ivc roVH id`qw igAw[ (maUbwd zuli&kwr ArdsqwnI, dibsqwn-ie-mzwihb, s&w 35)[ rwvI dirAw ivc roVHn sbMDI mgroN ieh g`p vI joV id`qI geI ik gurU swihb nUM r`isAW nwl bMnH ky dirAw ivc nhIN sI su`itAw igAw blik aunHW ny ‘^ud ieSnwn krn dI ^wihS kr ky dirAw ivc ClWg mwrI sI’ qy vwips muV ky nhIN Awey sn[ ieh lyKk ieh kihxw cwhuMdy hn ik muZlW ny aunHW nUM ShId nhIN kIqw sI qy isr& qsIhy id`qy sn[

irvwieq muqwibk gurU Arjn swihb nUM q`qI qvI ’qy ibTwaux dw izkr hY[ drAsl audoN rwvI dirAw dy kMFy ’qy qpdI ryq nUM ‘q`qI qvI’ (qvI vI ‘qpI’ qoN bixAw hY) nwl qSbIh id`qI jWdI sI[ ieho ijhI ‘qvI’ lwhOr hI nhIN jMmU ivc JnW dirAw dy kMFy nUM vI qvI kihMdy sn[ jd grmIAW dy isKr ivc, brswqW qoN pihlW aus ivclw pwxI su`k jWdw hY qW aus ivclI ryq A`g vW| qpdI hY; iesy kr ky aus nUM qvI ikhw jwx lg ipAw[ A`j vI jMmU dw dirAw jMmU qvI AKvwauNdw hY[gurU jI nUM lohy dI qvI ‘qy ibTwaux dI khwxI sB qoN pihlW sMqoK isMG GVI sI Aqy AwpxI ikqwb ‘sUrj pRkwS’ ivc ilKI sI[ iksy vI hor purwxy lyKk ny lohy dI q`vI dw koeI izkr nhIN kIqw; swry gurU jI nUM bMnH ky ryq ivc su`tx dw izkr krdy hn[

^Yr, gurU jI dI ShIdI vwsqy lohy dI qvI sI jW q`qI ryq, pr, ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik gurU jI nUM qpdI ryq ivc ibTw ky aunHW dy nMgy ijsm ’qy q`qI ryq pweI geI sI qy nwl hI hor qS`dd vI kIqw igAw sI ijs nwl aunHW dw ijsm Cwly pYx mgroN sV-gl igAw qy A^Ir aunHW nUM r`isAW nwl bMnH ky dirAw ivc roVH id`qw igAw[ (maUbwd zuli&kwr ArdsqwnI, dibsqwn-ie-mzwihb, s&w 35)[

gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI dy sbMD ivc iek hor Zlq pySkwrI vI imldI hY ik aunHW nUM BwrI jurmwnw Adw krn dI sUrq ivc irhweI dI pySkS kIqI geI sI (iek lyKk muqwibk ieh rkm iek l`K qy iek hor muqwibk do l`K rupey sI)[ drAsl ieh glqI &wdr zIrom zyvIAr dI ilKq (fw: gMfw isMG dI ikqwb ‘ArlI XUrpIn AkwaUNt Aw& d is`Kz’ ivc Cpy hn: &wdr zIrom dI ic`TI ‘jhWgIr AYNf jIsUsweIts’, s&y 48-49) ivc jhWgIr v`loN kIqy gey iek hor hukm nwl rlg`f ho jwx kr jwx kr ky hoeI hovygI[ jhWgIr dI AwpxI ilKq ivc bVw sw& iliKAw imldw hY ik aus dw hukm ‘Xwsw dy qsIhy dy ky ShId krn’ dw sI nw ik jurmwnw vsUlx dw[

ieM\ hI iek lyKk ilKdw hY ik gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI dw kwrn aunHW v`loN jhWgIr dy bwZI pu`qr Kusro nUM iqlk lw ky ASIrvwd dyxw sI qy Dwrimk nhIN sI (jwdU nwQ srkwr, ihstrI Aw& AOrMgzyb, ijld qIjI, s&w 205)[ {jwdU nwQ srkwr is`KW bwry ilKidAW Aksr is`K-ivroDI soc dw iezhwr krdw hY}[ jhWgIr dI AwpxI ilKq ivc vI BwvyN Kusro dI gurU swihb nwl mulwkwq dw izkr hY pr auh gurU swihb nUM ‘JUT dI dukwn’ dy nW ’qy ShId krn (jW muslmwn bxn) dw hukm dyNdw hY[ jy isr& isAwsI kwrn (Kusro dI mdd) huMdw qW jhWgIr hornW isAwsI kYdIAW vWg gurU Arjn swihb nUM vI kYd krdw nw ik ShId krdw[ jhWgIr ny qW gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM vI iklHw bxwaux, &Oj r`Kx Aqy q^q prgt krn dy (isAwsI) ‘jurm’ ivc jnvrI 1613 ivc 12 swl vwsqy gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kYd dw hukm dy ky kIqw sI[

gurU Arjn swihb nUM ShId krn dw hukm jhWgIr bwdSwh ny Awp id`qw sI[ ies dw ieMkSw& auh AwpxI svY-jIvnI ‘quzky jhWgIrI’ ivc (ijld pihlI, s&w 72 ’qy) sw& l&zW ivc krdw hY: “

ibAws dirAw dy kMFy gieMdvwl ivc Arjn nW dw iek ihMdU pIr qy SY^ dy ilbws ivc rihMdw sI[ eyQoN qk ik aus ny AwpxIAW g`lW qy kwrvweIAW nwl bhuq swry is`Dy-swDy ihMdUAW hI nhIN blik byvkU& qy mUrK muslmwnW nUM vI Awpxy murId bxw ilAw sI qy Awpxy Awp dy iek mIr qy vlI hox dw FONg vI ricAw hoieAw sI[ auh aus nUM gurU kihMdy sn Aqy keI pwisAW qoN jwhl gvwr qy jhwlq psMd lok aus v`l iK`cy AwauNdy sn qy aus ivc pUrw AkIdw zwhr krdy sn[ iqMn cwr pIVHIAW qoN aunHW ny ieh dukwn-ie-bwiql (JUT dI dukwn) clweI hoeI sI[ bVI vwr myry idl ivc ieh i^Awl AwieAw ik mYN ies JUT dy islisly nUM bMd krvw idAW jW aus nUM ieslwm ivc lY AwvW[

g`l ie`QoN qk vDI ik ienHW idnW ivc hI Kusro ies rsqy qoN guzr irhw sI[ ies byielmy S^s ny aus nUM imlx dw ivcwr bxwieAw[ aus dI irhwieS dy nyVy hI Kusro dw iTkwxw hoieAw[ auh au~Qy AwieAw qy Kusro ƒ imilAw qy aus nUM kuJ pihloN hI GVIAW hoeIAW g`lW AwKIAW qy aus dy m`Qy ’qy kysr vwlI auNgl dw inSwn lwieAw ijs nUM ihMdU bolI ivc kSkw (iqlk, it`kw) kihMdy hn qy ies nUM piv`qr mMndy hn[ jdoN ies dI soA myry kMnW qk pu`jI qW mYN hukm jwrI kIqw ik aus nUM ilAw ky myry hzUr pyS kIqw jwvy[ aus dw Gr qy irhwieS zbq kr ky aus dw bwl b`cw murqzw ^wn dy hvwly kr id`qw jwvy qy mYN hukm jwrI kIqw ik aus nUM Xwsw-E-isAwsq dy qsIhy dy ky ^qm kr id`qw jwvy[” (nvl ikSor pRYs lKnaU dI CpI quzk-ie jhWgIrI ivc s&w 35 ‘qy 22 s&r ihjrI 1015, Xwin 19 jUn 1606 dI AYNtrI)[

isrdwr kpUr isMG muqwibk gurU swihb dI ShIdI mgroN SY^ Aihmd srhMdI ny jhWgIr nUM Sukrwny qy ‘mubwrkW’ dI ic`TI ilKI[ isrdwr kpUr isMG ny swcI swKI ikqwb ivc SY^ Aihmd srihMdI dI iek ilKq dw hvwlw vI id`qw hY ijs ivc auh gurU Arjn swihb dI Shwdq qy ^uSI dw iezhwr krdw hoieAw ies nUM ieslwm dI bVI v`fI ij`q grdwndw hY:

“ienHW idnW ivc hI jo goieMdvwl dy lwAnqI kw&r nUM kql kr id`qw igAw hY, ieh bVI mubwrk Gtnw hoeI hY Aqy ies nwl ihMdUAW nUM iek v`fI iSksq hoeI hY[ aus nUM iksy kwrn Aqy iksy bhwny nwl mwr mukwaux nwl kw&rW dw v`fw nukswn hoieAw hY Aqy muslmwnW vwsqy ieh mhwn &wiedy dI g`l bxI hY[ ies byeImwn dy kql hox qoN pihlW mYnUM iek id`b ^uAwb AwieAw sI ik pwqSwh ny lwAnqI mzhb dw isr kucl id`qw hY[ ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik auh (gurU Arjn) kw&r ihMdUAW dw pIr sI qy ADwrimk rucIAW r`Kx vwilAW dw SihnSwh sI[”

isrdwr kpUr isMG ies pYry nUM sY^ Aihmd srihMdI dy mkqUbwq nMbr 193 ivcoN leI geI dsdy hn pr mOlvI Awlm-aul-dIn qy hw&z muhMmd Abdul krIm ies ic`TI dy qrjmy ivc gurU Arjn swihb dI jgh gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy b`icAW dI Shwdq dw izkr mMndy hn[

gurU swihb dI ShIdI nUM kuJ XUrpInW ny vI Awpxy A`KIN dyiKAw sI[ ies sbMDI &wdr zIrom zyvIAr ny 25 sqMbr 1606 nUM iek ^q ivc gurU swihb dI ShIdI dw izkr kridAW iliKAw ik “ies qrIky nwl aunHW (is`KW) dw pop duK qsIhy qy Apmwn sihMdw ShId hoieAw[” ieM\ gurU Arjn swihb iek muqs`bI hwkm Aqy aus dy is`K duSmx slwhkwrW dI is`K duSmxI kwrn ShId kr idqy gey[

gurU Arjn swihb swaUQ eySIAw dy Swied sB qoN pihly ShId sn[ aunHW dI swrI izMdgI Drm dI is`iKAw dyx, smwj syvw krn Aqy rUhwnIAq dw C`tw dyx ivc bIqI[ gurU Arjn swihb ny ShIdI vwsqy jwx qoN pihlW CyvyN gurU, gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM &Oj bxwaux vwsqy AwK id`qw sI[ aunHW dw pYZwm sI ik hux Drm bxwaux vwsqy zwlm inzwm dw hiQAwrbMd twkrw lwzmI ho jwvygw[

cMdU dw rol
iek irvwieq muqwibk ienHIN idnIN hI klwnOr dw iek KqrI cMdU nW dw bMdw vI muZlW dw jIA hzUr sI[ aus bwry iek g`l iek irvwieq ivc imldI hY ik gurU Arjn swihb ny Awpxy sp`uqr (gurU) hirgoibMd swihb vwsqy aus dI DI dw irSqw sMgqW dy AwKx ’qy moV idqw sI[ auh aus idn qoN hI gurU swihb Aqy is`KW nwl ^wr KWdw sI qy bdlw lYx vwsqy mOky lBdw rihMdw sI[ ienHW is`K soimAW muqwibk ies cMdU ny hI iSkwieqW lw ky gurU swihb dI igR&qwrI krvweI sI[cMdU ny jhWgIr kol AwpxI DI dw irSqw kbUl nw krn dI g`l nhIN kIqI hovygI blik auh iSkwieq lweI hovygI ijs qoN jhWgIr BVk pvy qy ieh iSkwieq XkInn Kusro dy nwl sbMD joVnw Aqy gurU jI nUM ieslwm vwsqy ^qrw swibq krn bwry hI ho skdI sI[ isr& cMdU hI nhIN hor KqrIAW qy pMfqW ny vI gurU jI dy i^lw& iSkwieqW kIqIAW hoxgIAW (pMfqW qy KqrIAW ny gurU Amr dws jI vyly 1566 ivc Akbr kol vI AijhIAW iSkwieqW kIqIAW sn) qy aus ny gurU jI nUM ‘qlb’ vI kIqw sI pr gurU rwmdws ny Akbr nwl mulwkwq kr ky ihMdUAW dy Asl mnSy dw rwz KoilHAw qW Akbr ny aultw ihMdUAW nUM hI iJVikAw sI)[

ieh ho skdw hY ik jhWgIr nUM ies cMdU, muq`sbI SY^ Aihmd srhMdI qy hor keIAW ny JUTIAW iSkwieqW kr ky BVkwieAw hovy[ hwlW ik jhWgIr ^ud AwpxI ilKq ivc ieh mMndw hY ik aus ny gurU swihb nUM ies kr ky ShId krvwieAw sI ik aunHW ny Kusro nUM ‘ASIrvwd’ id`qw sI Aqy Awpxy pRcwr nwl keI muslmwnW nUM vI is`K Drm ivc Swiml kr ilAw sI[

ieh ho skdw hY ik cMdU dI khwxI jhWgIr dy iksy Aihlkwr jW qwrI^dwn ny jhWgIr nUM gurU swihb dI ShIdI qoN sur^rU r`Kx vwsqy GVI hovy[ pr ies dw mqlb ieh vI nhIN ik cMdU dw koeI rol nhIN sI[ Aijhw vI ho skdw hY ik jd jhWgIr ny lwhOr dy &Ojdwr SY^ &rId bu^wrI murqzw ^wn (jo mgroN lwhOr dw gvrnr vI bixAw qy ies dI mOq 1616 ivc pYQwn, hux pTwnkot, ivc hoeI sI) nUM gurU Arjn swihb nUM ShId krn dw hukm idqw qW cMdU ny srkwrI Aihlkwr hox kr ky jW irSvq dy ky gurU swihb nUM ShId krn dI izMmyvwrI lY leI hovy (ieh vI izkr imldw hY ik cMdU lwhOr dy sUbydwr dw dIvwn, sInIAr Aihlkwr, sI)[ ieh vI ho sdkw hY ik gurU jI nUM ieh qsIhy dyx dI ifaUtI lwhOr dy &Ojdwr murqzw ^wn ny cMdU lwl dI lweI sI[ auN\ cMdU is`K duSmxI dw rol eyQy hI ^qm nhIN ho igAw; gurU jI dI ShIdI mgroN vI cMdU is`KW dy i^lw& hwkmW dy kMn Brdw rihMdw sI[

AkqUbr 1618 ivc gurU hrgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivcoN irhw kIqy gey qW ies mgroN do vwr aunHW dI mulwkwq jhWgIr nwl hoeI 27 jnvrI 1619 dy idn goieMdvwl ivc Aqy 8 &rvrI 1619 dy idn klwnOr ivc[ klwnOr dI mIitMg ivc jhWgIr nwl lMmI bYTk hoeI sI ijs ivc gurU Arjn swihb nUM qsIhy dyx bwry crcw hoieAw dI ijs mgroN jhWgIr ny cMdU nUM szw dyx dw hukm jwrI kIqw sI[ jhWgIr ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik cMdU nUM igR&qwr kr ky gurU jI dy hvwly kr id`qw jwvy[ jd aus nUM gurU swihb kol pyS kIqw igAw qW aunHW ny aus nUM lwhOr dI sMgq dy hvwly kr id`qw qy ikhw ik ijnHW ny aus nUM zulm krdw vyiKAw sI auhI aus dI szw nIAq krn[ sMgq ny &Yslw kIqw ik cMdU dy h`Q ip`T ip`Cy bMnH ky qy gl ivc r`sI pw ky swry ngr ivc GumwieAw jwvy qy zlIl kr ky C`f id`qw jwvy; bs eynI szw hI kw&I hY[ ievyN hI kIqw igAw[ cMdU nUM swry pwsy Gumw ky jd BiTAwirAW dy muh`ly ivc iljwieAw igAw qW auQy jd auh gurid`qw BiTAwrw {ijs nUM cMdU ny gurU swihb dy ijsm ‘qy ryq pwauxw vwsqy qweInwq kIqw (ifaUtI id`qI) sI} dy Gr A`goN lMiGAw qW aus ny (ies gu`sy ivc cMdU ny aus dy h`QoN kI zulm krvwieAw sI) Awpxy h`Q ivc PiVAw kVCw (ijs nwl auh gurU jI dy ijsm ‘qy ryq pwauNdw irhw sI) cMdU dy isr ivc k`F mwirAw[ ies kVCy dy v`jx nwl hI cMdU auQy ifg ky mr igAw[

cMdU qW mr igAw pr aus dw iekloqw puqr krm cMd vI is`KW nwl bwp vW| duSmxI rKdw sI; ipE dI mOq mgroN auh skImW bxwaux lg ipAw ik auh gurU swihb Aqy is`KW qoN bdlw ikvyN lvy[ ibAws dirAw dy kMFy ruhIlw nW dy iek ipMf dw Qyh sI ijs nUM gurU Arjn swihb ny ^rId ky ieQy ‘goibMdpur’ (hux hrgoibMdpur) nW dw iek ipMf vsw id`qw sI[ gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI Aqy gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy gvwlIAr iklHy ivc rihx dy dOrwn cMdU dy puqr krm cMd ny Awpxy shury Bgvwn dws dI mdd nwl kbzw kr ilAw hoieAw sI[ gvwlIAr ivcoN irhweI mgroN gurU hrgoibMd swihb goieMdvwl Aw ky rihx lg pey sn[ auh ivcoN kuJ smW Drm pRcwr dy dOry ‘qy mwJw, isAwlkot, jMmU qy kSmIr v`l vI gey sn[ iek idn vwsqy, 28 jnvrI 1620 dy idn, auh gurU-dw-c`k (c`k rwmdws, hux AMimRqsr) vI Awey sn qy iPr goieMdvwl prq gey sn[ ie`Qy aunHW nUM ruhIlw (goibMdpur) auqy cMdU dy pu`qr v`loN kbzw krn dw pqw l`gw[ ieh g`l sqMbr 1621 dI hY[ gurU jI kuJ is`KW nUM lY ky goibMdpur jw pu`jy Aqy auQy kbzw kr ky bYTy cMdU dy nOkrW nUM Bjw id`qw[ auh nOkr klwnOr gey qy krm cMd nUM d`isAw[ Bwvy krm cMd dw bwp mr cukw sI pr auh iek AmIr bwp dw pu`qr hox kr ky kw&I AmIr vI sI Aqy aus kol injI &oj vI sI[ aus ny Awpxy shury Bgvws dws GyrV (jo ^ud iek v`fw jwgIrdwr sI) Aqy Awpxy swly krm cMd nwl rwbqw kIqw; GyrV ny vI AwpxI injI &Oj nUM iqAwr hox dw hukm kIqw[ dohW GrW ny &Oj iek`TI kr ky ruhIlw ipMf v`l kUc kr id`qw[ ieh g`l 27 sqMbr 1621 dI hY[ aus vyly ruhIlw ivc bhuq QoVHy is`K mOjUd sn pr auh sn swry juJwrU ies kr ky aunHW ny A`gy v`D ky lVy qy h`Qo-h`QI lVweI ivc hmlwvrW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ ies lVweI ivc (cMdU dw kuVm) Bgvwn dws GyrV mwirAw igAw sI Aqy aus dw pu`qr rqn cMd burI qrHW z^mI hoieAw sI[ A^Ir keI swQI mrvw ky Aqy burI qrHW hwr Kw ky hmlwvr mYdwn C`f gey[

Bgvwn dws dy mrn dy bwvjUd krm cMd qy rqn cMd tly nhIN[ Cy idn mgroN cMdU dw p`qr qy jlMDr qoN muZlW dI &Oj nUM vI cVHw ilAwieAw qy iqMnW (Bgvwn dws dy pu`qr dI, krm cMd dI qy muZl &Oj) ny Pyr gurU jI ‘qy hmlw kr id`qw[ 3 Akqbr 1621 dy idn iPr zbrdsq lVweI hoeI ijs ivc krm cMd (cMdU dw puqr) Aqy rqn cMd (Bgvwn dws dw pu`qr qy krm cMd dw swlw) mwry gey[ cMdU dw pu`qr krm cMd dI Ajy koeI AOlwd nhIN sI qy ies qrHW cMdU dw ^wndwn ^qm hoieAw[

gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI dy sbMD ivc kvIAW, hor lyKkW Aqy swky nwl sbMD r`Kx vwly lokW jW aunHW dy murIdW ny keI khwxIAW GV leIAW sn: ijvyN ik mIAW mIr v`loN ‘id`lI qy lwhOr dI ie`t nwl ie`t KVkwaux vwsqy iejwzq mMgxw’[ ieh khwxI mIAW mIr dy iksy murId jW iksy muslmwn lyKk dI GVI jwpdI hY[ mIAW mIr ies ShIdI nUM rokx vwsqy gurU swihb qoN iejwzq mMgx ikauN AwieAw qy is`Dw hI jhWgIr kol ikauN nw igAw? ieM\ hI cMdU dI nUMh/DI dw gurU swihb dy ijsm ’qy sVdI hoeI ryq pYNdI vyKx Awauxw qy duKI hoxw vwlI khwxI vI cMdU dy pirvwr nUM surKrU krn vwsqy GVI geI ho skdI hY[

gurU Arjn swihb ny ShIdI vwsqy jwx qoN pihlW CyvyN gurU, gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM &Oj bxwaux vwsqy AwK id`qw sI[ aunHW dw pYZwm sI ik hux Drm bxwaux vwsqy zwlm inzwm dw hiQAwrbMd twkrw lwzmI ho jwvygw[

(kuJ bysmJ lok ies purb ’qy ies soc nwl CbIlW lwauNdy hn ik ies nwl svrgW ivc gurU jI dy ijsm nUM kuJ TMF phuMcygI[ ieh is`KI dy ault soc hY[ auN\ qW CbIl lwaux dw ies gurpurb nwl koeI sbMD nhIN pr jy iksy ny grmI dy mOsm ivc CbIl lwauxI hI hY qW aus dI numwieS Aqy ‘su`Knw su`Kx’ dI mnmiq vWg nhIN krnw cwhIdw)[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gurU hirgoibMd swihb jI

pMj ipAwly, pMj pIr, Ctm pIr bYTw gur BwrI[
Arjn kwieAw plt kY, mUriq hirgoibMd svwrI[

(BweI gurdws)

gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm mwqw gMgw jI dI kuK qoN gurU Arjn swihb dy Gr 19 jUn 1590 dy idn, ipMf vfwlI, nyVy Cyhrtw swihb (AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ iek rvwieq ivc Zlq sMmq clx kwrn kuJ lyKk gurU jI dw jnm 1595 dw mMndy rhy sI pr, kIrq B`t, ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc swiml hY Aqy ijhVy 13 AprYl 1634 dy idn gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dI lVweI ivc ShId hoey sn, ies mOky ’qy hwizr sn, ny gurU swihb dy jnm dI Gtnw nUM AwpxI vhI ivc ienHW l&zW nwl irkwrf kIqw sI:

“bDweI lI hirgoibMd kI, bytw gurU Arjn jI mhl pMcm kw, poqw gurU rwmdws jI kw, sMmq sqrW sY sMqwlIs, mwh AswV, idhuM iekIs igAW, svw pihr rYx rhI, mwqw gMgw jI ky audr QIN, gwm bfwlI, prgxw gurU dw c`k myN eyk cmqkwrI bwlk pYdw hUAw, nwauN hirgoibMd jI rwKw…[”  (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI)[

ies ieMdrwj qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik gurU swihb dw jnm ibkrmI sMmq 1747, Xwin 1690 ivc hoieAw sI [

gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy jnm bwry iek hor Zlq prcwr ieh vI kIqw jWdw hY ik Awp dw jnm bwbw bu`Fw dy vr nwl hoieAw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ies ip`Cy bwbw bu`Fw jI dy vwirsW/irSqydwrW dI bxweI hoeI khwxI hY jo iek qW gurU Arjn swihb nUM ‘dIn’ (kmzor, inqwxw) qy bwbw bu`Fw nUM “v`fw” (gurU qoN vD qwkq vwlw) swibq krnw cwhuMdy sn (vYsy qW, Kws kr mwJy dy ielwky ivc, bwbw bu`Fw nUM ‘is`KW dw hnUmwn’ bxwaux ‘c koeI ksr nhIN C`fI[ ijvyN rwm dI lwcwrgI vyly auh lCmx vwsqy sMjIvnI bUtI vwlw phwV lY ky AwieAw sI auvyN hI bwbw bu`Fw koloN pu`qr dw vr idvwieAw hY)[ dUjw ieh ik is`KI ivc koeI vr (jW srwp) dI koeI QW hY Aqy qIjw ieh ik hr iek dy Gr ivc pu`qr dw hoxw zrUrI hY qy (bRwhmxW muqwibk) pu`qr ibnW mwipAW dI ‘mukqI’ nhIN huMdI[ bwbw bu`Fw jI vwlI ‘khwxI’ dw ipCokV ieh zrUr hY ik gurU Arjn swihb dI SwdI 20 jUn 1579 dy idn hoeI sI[ pr keI swl AwpxI ishq ^rwb rihx Aqy sdw vwsqy mMjI nwl juV jwx kwrn mwqw rwm dyeI ny bwbw bu`Fw jI nUM gurU swihb kol ByijAw qy dUjw ivAwh krvwaux vwsqy mMnvw ilAw[ Awp dw dUjw ivAwh 19 jUn 1589 dy idn lwhOr dy BweI sMgq rwE dI bytI (mwqw) gMgw nwl hoieAw[ ies ivAwh ivcoN 19 jUn 1590 dy idn (gurU) hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm hoieAw[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm bwbw bu`Fw dy vr nwl hox dI (JUTI) khwxI iesy Gtnw ivcoN GVI geI ho skdI hY[

gurU swihb ny Awpxw bcpn (gurU dI) vfwlI, qrn qwrn Aqy gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc ibqwieAw [ Awp kuJ icr lwhOr ivc vI rhy[ Awp ny BweI gurdws qoN pVHweI Aqy bwbw bu`Fw qoN GoVsvwrI Aqy Ssqr isKlweI hwisl kIqI[ iek qvwrI^I somy muqwibk Awp 13 swl dI aumr ivc hI swrIAW mwrSl KyfW ivc mwihr ho cuky sn[ Awp dw ivAwh gurU gRMQ swihb dy pihly pRkwS idn (16 Agsq 1604) qoN isr& pMj idn bwAd, 21 Agsq 1604 dy idn ipMf f`lw (izlHw kpUrQlw) dy BweI nwrwiex dws julkw Aqy mwqw BwgBrI dI bytI dmodrI nwl hoieAw[ ies vyly Awp dI aumr 14 swl dI sI (Aqy jy Awp dw jnm 1590 dI QW 1595 dw mMn leIey qW Awp dw ivAwh 9 swl dI aumr ivc hoieAw mMnxw pvygw)[ gurU swihb dI bwrwq ivc hornW qoN ielwvw bwbw bu`Fw, BweI gurdws, BweI kIrq B`t, BweI mQrw B`t, BweI jyTw, BweI iprwxw vI Swiml hoey sn[ ivAwh qoN bwAd gurU swihb gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) hI rhy[

gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw frolI BweI jwxw
16 AkqUbr 1605 dy idn Akbr dI mOq ho geI qy jhWgIr bwdSwh bixAw[ ienHW idnW ivc hI jhWgIr dy puqr Kusro ny muZl slqnq dw hwkm Awp bxn vwsqy jhWgIr qoN bZwvq kr idqI[ A^Ir pihlI meI 1606 dy idn auh igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ Kusro dI igR&qwrI qoN bwAd jhWgIr kw&I smW lwhOr ivc Aw irhw[ aus ny  Kusro nwl hmdrdI dw doS lw ky gurU Arjn swihb dI igR&qwrI dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ gurU swihb nUM ies dw pqw Agly idn hI lg igAw[ aunHW 25 meI nUM gurU hirgobMd swihb nUM gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwl idqI[ aunHW nUM 26 meI nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy iqMn idn rwvI dy kMFy qpdI ryq ivc qsIhy dyx mgroN, 30 meI 1606 dy idn aunHW dy ijsm nUM p`QrW nwl bMnH ky rwvI dirAw ivc roVH idqw igAw[ jhWgIr ny ieh vI hukm kIqw sI ik gurU swihb dI swrI jwiedwd zbq kr leI jwvy Aqy aunHW dy pirvwr nUM vI lwhOr Sihr dy &Ojdwr murqzw ^wn (jo mgroN 1611 ivc lwhOr sUby dw gvrnr bx igAw sI) dI kYd ivc pw idqw jwvy[ smyN dI nzwkq nUM swhvyN rKdy hoey gurU hirgoibMd swihb pihlW goieMdvwl qy auQoN 4 jUn 1606 dy idn, pMjwb qoN mulqwn sUby dy ‘jMgl dys’ ielwky dy iek ipMf frolI (hux frolI BweI, izlHw mogw), ivc Awpxy sWFU BweI sweIN dws kol phuMc gey[ Awp jI dy nwl mwqw gMgw jI Aqy pqnI dmodrI vI sn[ gurU swihb ies ipMf ivc qkrIbn fyF swl rhy Aqy dsMbr 1607 dy A^Ir ivc au~QoN goieMdvwl vwips muVy[ ies sbMDI ‘B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI’ ivc ieMj iliKAw imldw hY:

“gurU hirgoibMd mhl Ctw, bytw gurU Arjn jI kw, bwsI gurU dw c`k, prgxw inJirAwlw, sMmq solW sY qRYsTw, jyT mwsy sudI AstmI ky idhuM, goieMdvwl sy jMgl dys gwm frolI prgxw fgrU, BweI sweIN dws ky gRih myN Awey[ gYloN mwqw gMgw dyeI qy iesqrI dmodrI jI AweI[ eyk brK Cy mws gwm myN bs ky goieMdvwl Awey[”

Aijhw jwpdw hY ik dsMbr 1607 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb BwvyN Awp goieMdvwl muV Awey pr Awp dw pirvwr Ajy au~Qy hI irhw qy jW ieh vI ho skdw hY ik bwbw guridqw dy jnm vyly pirvwr dobwrw frolI clw igAw hovy[ au~Qy hI mwqw dmodrI ny 14 sqMbr 1608 dy idn (bwbw) guridqw nUM jnm idqw[

pihlI is`K &Oj dI kwiemI
AMimRsr Awaux mgroN gurU swihb ny ‘iensw& dI &Oj’ bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ (gurU nwnk swihb ny zwlm bwdSwhW dI ‘pwp dI jM\’ dy zulm dw twkrw krn vwsqy iensw& dI &Oj, nw ik swkq &Oj, dw &ls&w id`qw sI)[ gurU swihb ny ikhw ik hwlwq Aijhy hn ik Drm nUM bwhrI hmilAW qoN bcwaux vwsqy &Oj dI zrUrq pYxI hY ikauNik mulk dy hwkmW dy drbwr iv`coN iensw& KMB lw ky auf igAw hY[ aunHW ny is`KW nUM sunyhy Byjy ik auh ies &Oj ivc Swiml hox vwsqy Awpxy Awp nUM pyS krn[ kuJ hI smyN ivc ies &Oj ivc iek hzwr qoN vD jvwn Swiml ho cuky sn[ gurU swihb ny AwpxI &Oj nUM j`iQAW ivc vMf idqw[ ienHW jiQAW nUM BweI ibDI cMd, BweI iprwxw, BweI jyTw, BweI prwgw qy BweI lMgwh dI jQydwrI hyT SsqrW dI isKlweI idqI geI[

gurU swihb ny iek hukmnwmw vI jwrI kIqw ik ijhVw is`K gurU swihb jW drbwr vwsqy koeI Byt ilAwauxI cwhy qW auh koeI hor kImqI qoh&w ilAwaux dI bjwie cMgy GoVy qy cMgy Ssqr lY ky Awvy[ hOlI-hOlI gurU dw c`k ivc bhuq swry GoVy qy hiQAwr pu`j gey[ gurU swihb ny ieh hiQAwr is`K &Oj ivc vMf idqy[ gurU swihb ny Awp vI hiQAwr ^rIdy Aqy hr is`K &OjI nUM cMgI qrHW SsqrW nwl lYs kIqw[

iklHw lohgVH qy AMimRqsr dI &sIl
1609 dy A^Ir ivc hI gurU swihb ny gurU dw c`k ivc iek iklHw bxwauxw vI SurU kIqw[ ieh iklHw lwhOr v`loN Awaux vwly rwh ’qy mOjUdw gurduAwrw iklHw lohgVH vwlI QW ’qy sI[ ies dy nwl hI gurU swihb ny gurU dw c`k ngr dI &sIl (cwr dIvwrI) vI bxw leI[ 1612 qk iklHw Aqy cwrdIvwrI dw kMm mukMml ho cukw sI[

 

gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kYd hoxw
auDr jhWgIr ny julweI 1611 ivc lwhOr Sihr dy &Ojdwr murqzw ^wn nUM lwhOr sUby dw gvrnr lw idqw (murqzw ^wn pihlW vI jnvrI 1608 qk ies Ahudy ’qy irhw sI pr jnvrI 1608 qoN julweI 1611 qk kuqlIj ^wn nUM lwhOr dI sUbydwr sONpI geI sI)[ murqzw ^wn iek k`tV muslmwn sI[ ies dy nwl hI i&rkU muslmwnW, bRwhmxW qy hor is`K duSmxW ny aus dy kMn Brny SurU kr idqy[ ies ’qy aus ny sUhIey Byj ky gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dIAW srgrmIAW dI pUrI jwxkwrI leI[ murqzw ^wn ny Awp AYkSn lYx dI bjwie ies sbMDI jhWgIr nUM ^br kr idqI[ jhWgIr ny gurU swihb nUM id`lI Awaux vwsqy sMmn jwrI kr idqy[ gurU swihb 31 dsMbr 1612 dy idn GoVy ’qy svwr ho ky, kuJ drbwrI is`KW nUM nwl lY ky, AMimRqsr qoN id`lI vl cl pey[ rsqy ivc sMgqW nUM drSn dyNdy hoey gurU swihb jnvrI 1613 ivc id`lI pu`jy Aqy ipMf cMdrwvl KyVw ivc (gurduAwrw mjnUM it`lw vwlI QW) Tihry[ gurU swihb ies ipMf ivc vI dIvwn sjwauNdy rhy[ jd jhWgIr nUM Awp dy Awaux dw pqw lgw qW aus ny Awp dI igR&qwrI dw &urmwn jwrI kr idqw[ aus ny gurU swihb nUM 12 swl vwsqy gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kYd krn dI szw dy idqI[ gvwlIAr iklHy ivc gurU swihb qoN ielwvw iek sO qoN vD rwjy isAwsI kYdW Bugq rhy sn[ ieh SwhI jylH isr& rwijAW Aqy hor Aihm qy ^ws S^sIAqW nUM kYd krn vwsqy vrqI jWdI sI[

jdoN gurU swihb gvwlIAr iklHy ivc bMd sn qW bwbw bu`Fw, BweI jyTw qy bhuq swry hor is`K gurU swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy gvwlIAr jWdy rihMdy sn[ ikauNik jylH ivc nzrMbd hsqIAW nwl mulwkwq dI iejwzq nhIN sI ies kr ky ieh is`K iklHy dI dIvwr dI ipRkrmw kr ky muV jwieAw krdy sn[ auN\ ieh vI jwpdw hY ik ies iklHy dw drogw BweI hrI dws Xwdv (auh dUroN BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dw irSqydwr sI) gurU swihb dw SrDwlU bx igAw sI Aqy auh Swied is`KW nUM gurU swihb nwl imlw vI dyNdw hovy[ jylH ivc gurU swihb gurbwxI dw kIrqn Aqy kQw kirAw krdy sn[ gurU swihb dI sMgq krn kr ky swry kYdI rwjy qy Sihzwdy, jo gurU swihb dy Awaux qoN pihlW inMmoJUxqw Aqy mwnisk rogW dy mrIz sn, cVHdI klw ivc rihx lg pey qy gurU swihb dy murId bx gey[

 

gurU swihb dI irhweI
1618 ivc lwhOr dy sUbydwr murqzw ^wn dI mOq ho geI[ ienHIN idnIN hI Swhjhwn dy sbMD vzIr ^wn (cinEt vwlw) nW dy iek Aihm drbwrI nwl suKwvyN bx gey ijs ny jhWgIr nUM gurU swihb nUM irhwA krn vwsqy is&wrS kIqI[ ieh vI jwpdw hY ik sweIN mIAW mIr Aqy milkw nUr jhW ny vI ies sbMDI rol Adw kIqw hovygw[ dUjy pwsy jhWgIr hux muq`sbI mOlvIAW qoN dUr ho irhw sI ’qy srhMd dy SY^ Aihmd  vrigAW dw Asr vI Gt igAw sI[ ienHW swirAW kwrnW kr ky jhWgIr ny gurU swihb nUM irhwA krn vwsqy hukm jwrI kr idqy[

jd gurU jI dI irhweI dy hukm gurU swihb qk pu`jy qW gurU swihb ny jhWgIr qoN ieh vI mMnvw ilAw ik auh iklHy ivc kYd phwVI qy dUjy rwijAW nUM vI irhwA kr dyvy[ jhWgIr ny Ais`Dy qrIky nwl ieh g`l mnzUr kr leI qy iklHy ivc kYd CotIAW kYdW vwly 49 rwjy (jo swry hI ihMdU sn) irhwA kr idqy Aqy gurU swihb dw iemiqhwn lYx vwsqy Srq r`KI ik lMbIAW kYdW vwly 52 rwijAW ivcoN ijMny rwjy gurU swihb dy cogy dIAW klIAW (kMnIAW/nu`krW/qxIAW) PV ky iklHy ivcoN bwhr Aw skx irhw ho jwxgy[ jhWgIr socdw sI ik gurU jI ieh &Yslw nhIN kr skxgy ik 52 rwijAW ivcoN auh ikhVy-ikhVy rwjy nUM irhwA krvwauxgy[ ies ’qy gurU swihb ny hrI dws Xwdv drogy koloN 52 klIAW vwlw cogw islvw ky swry rwjy iklHy ivcoN irhwA krvw ley (gurU jI dy ies kdm nUM vyK ky jhWgIr ny aunHW dI Azmq A`gy isr JukwieAw)[ gurU swihb qy ihMdU rwijAW dI irhweI 26 AkqUbr 1619 dy idn hoeI[ irhweI mgroN gurU swihb Aqy bwkI rwjy hrI dws Xwdv drogy dI hvylI ivc rhy ij`Qy aus rwq hrI dws ny dIpmwlw kIqI[

ies dy nwl hI jhWgIr ny SY^ Aihmd srhMdI (ijs dy BVkwaux kwrn aus ny gurU Arjn swihb nUM ShId kIqw sI qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM kYd kIqw sI) nUM igR&qwr krn dw hukm vI dy idqw[ aus nUM kYd vI iesy hI iklHy ivc hI kIqw igAw[ (quzik jhWgIrI, s&y 274-75, 312)[

gvwlIAr iklHy ’coN irhweI mgroN gurU swihb v`K-v`K ngrW ’coN huMdy hoey goieMdvwl pu`jy[ aunHIN idnIN muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr vI pMjwb ivc AwieAw hoieAw sI[ ie`Qy goieMdvwl ivc ibAws dirAw pwr krn vyly 27 jnvrI 1620 dy idn gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI mulwkwq jhWgIr nwl hoeI[ ies mgroN 8 &rvrI 1620 dy idn dohW ivc iek vwr iPr klwnOr ivc vI mulwkwq hoeI[ ies mOky ’qy jhWgIr ny (gurU Arjn swihb nUM qsIhy dyx vwly) cMdU nUM is`KW dy hvwly krn dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ (mgroN is`KW ny cMdU nUM aus dy jurm dy muqwibk munwisb szw idqI; cMdU bwry q&sIl Agly si&AW ivc mOjUd hY)[ ie`QoN jhWgIr Aqy gurU swihb iek`Ty lwhOr gey Aqy dohW ny iek`iTAW 16 &rvrI 1620 dy idn sWeIN mIAW mIr nwl mulwkwq kIqI[

iek irvwieq muqwibk 1620 dIAW grmIAW ivc jhWgIr Aqy gurU swihb iek`Ty kSmIr dy dOry ’qy gey, pr ies sbMDI muZl irkwrf kuJ nhIN kihMdy[ ies mgroN gurU swihb jhWgIr qoN vKry ho ky kSmIr ivc Drm prcwr dy dOry ’qy inkl gey[ kSmIr qoN vwpsI mgroN gurU swihb goieMdvwl Aw gey[ ApRYl qoN jUn 1620 dw smW Awp ny kSmIr ivc ibqwieAw sI[

gurU swihb qkrIbn s`q swl mgroN 28 dsMbr 1620 dy idn pihlI vwr gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) Awey[ irhweI mgroN gurU swihb dw AMimRqsr dw ieh pihlw dOrw sI[ ies qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik gurU swihb ijs idn AMimRqsr pu`jy aus idn ihMdUAW dw dIvwlI dw iqauhwr nhIN sI[ AMimRqsr ivc dIvwlI mhMqW dy vyly mnwauxI SuurU hoeI sI[

ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhI qlwauNfw, prgxw jINd ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

“gurU hirgoibMd jI mhl Ctw bytw gurU Arjn jI kw, sMmq solW sY sq`qRw mwG pRivSty pihlI ky idhuM hyhr ngrI sy cl kr gwm gurU ky ck prgxw inJrAwlw Awey[ gYloN ArjwnI bytw mohrI jI kw, myhrbwn bytw ipRQI cMd jI kw, bwbw buFw rwmdws bytw suGy rMDwvy kw, gurdws bytw eISr dws B`ly kw, blU rwey bytw mUl cMd jlHwny kw, kOl jI dws bytw AMbIey hjwvq kw, hor isK PkIr Awey[ gurU jI ky Awny kI ^uSI myN dIpmwlw kI geI[ hirmMdr swihb jI myN dIAw bwqI kI syvw imhrbwn kI lweI[ gurU jI qIjy idhuM gurU ck sy ivdw hoie goieMdvwl myN Awie ibrwjy[”

kuJ idn goieMdvwl rihx qoN bwAd Awp Pyr gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) Aw gey qy ie`Qy rihxw SurU kr idqw[ ie`Qy hI 18 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw jnm hoieAw sI[

gurU swihb ’qy pihlw hmlw
gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) rihMidAW gurU swihb ny ruhIlw dI swr vI leI (ies nUM gurU Arjn swihb ny vswieAw sI qy ies dw nW goibMdpur r`iKAw sI qy hux ies nUM hirgoibMdpur AwKdy hn)[ gurU swihb dI gvwlIAr kYd dOrwn ies QW ’qy Bgvwn dws GyrV (cMdU dw kuVm) ny nwjwiez kbzw kr ilAw sI[ gurU swihb ny Bgvwn dws qoN ies dw kbzw vwips KoihAw Aqy ies QW nUM Pyr sMvwirAw qy vswieAw[ kuJ idnW mgroN Bgvwn dws GyrV ny cMdU dy pu`qr krm cMd dI mdd nwl iek &Oj iek`TI kIqI Aqy 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies hmly ivc burI qrHW hwr Kwx mgroN Bgvwn dws GyrV ny jlMDr dy muslmwn hwkm nUM pYsy dy ky aus dI &Oj nUM cVHw ilAWdw[ 3 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn Pyr bVI Gmswn dI lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc Bgvwn dws GyrV, aus dw pu`qr rqn cMd qy cMdU dw pu`qr krm cMd iqMny hI mwry gey[ ies hwr mgroN iksy hor nUM gurU swihb ’qy hmlw krn dw hOslw nw ipAw[

3 AkqUbr dI lVweI ivc hornW dy nwl-nwl BweI nwnU (BweI mnI isMG dy dwdy dy Brw), BweI prwgw (BweI mqI dws qy sqI dws dy pVdwdw), BweI mQrw B`t (ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hY) ny vI lVweI ivc bhwdrI dy ^Ub zOhr idKwey Aqy ies lVweI ivc aus ny ShIdI jwm vI pIqw[ ies lVweI ivc aunHW ny hornW qoN ielwvw muZl jrnYlW bYrm KW qy eImwm b^S (iek irvwieq muqwibk AlI b^S) ƒ vI mwirAw sI[ ies sbMDI iek AMdrwj B`t vhIAW ivc ies qrHW imldw hY[

“nwnU bytw mUly kw, poqw rwau kw, pVpoqw cwhV kw, bMs bIJy kw, bMJrwauNq, swl solW sY AT`qRw, k`qk pRivSty qIj ky idhuM, gwm ruhIlw prgxw btwlw ky mlHwn, gurU kw bcn pwie rqnw bytw Bgvwny kw, krmw bytw cMdU kw, bwsI klwnOr ko mwr ky mrw[ gYloN mQrw, bytw iBKy kw, poqw reIey kw, pVpoqw nrsI kw, bMs BgIrQ kw, kOiSS goqR gOV bRwhmx, prwgw bytw goqm kw, Bwrgv goqR, iC`br bRwhmx, hor rx jUJMqy gurU ky joDy swmHy mwQy rx myN jUJ kr mry [”                          (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw bMJrauNqo kw)

ies lVweI qoN 15 idn bwAd 18 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw jnm hoieAw[ ruhIlw dI lVweI is`KW v`loN idKwey gey qyZW dy jOhr nUM swhvyN r`KidAW gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny byty dw nW qyZ bhwdr r`iKAw[

 

kIrqpur vwsqy zmIn ^rIdxw
28 mwrc 1624 dy idn gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc is`KW dw iek BwrI iek`T hoieAw[ ies ivc iblwspur, hMfUr Aqy hor keI irAwsqW dy rwjy, ijnHW nUM gurU swihb ny gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc irhw krvwieAw sI, vI pu`jy[ iblwspur dw rwjw kilAwx cMd au~Qy keI idn TihirAw[ 11 AprYl dy idn vwips jwx qoN pihlW aus ny gurU swihb nUM Arz kIqI ik auh aus dI irAwsq ivc Awpxw hY~fkuAwrtr bxwaux[ kilAwx cMd nUM ruhIlw dI lVweI ivc gurU swihb dI ij`q dw Aihsws sI ’qy aus cwhuMdw sI ik jy gurU swihb aus dI irAwsq ivc Aw gey qW CyqI kIiqAW koeI aus ’qy hmlw nhIN krygw Aqy jy iPr vI iksy ny hmlw krn dI hrkq kIqI qW aus nUM gurU swihb dI mdd iml skygI[ gurU swihb ny gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dI QW iblwspur jwxw qW nw mMinAw pr ieh vwAdw zrUr kIqw ik auh aus dI irAwsq ivc iek is`K ngr zrUr vswauxgy[

ies mgroN gurU swihb ny kilAwx cMd nwl aus dI irAwsq dy dirAw sqluj nwl lgdy ielwikAW dw dOrw kIqw Aqy nvyN ngr vwsqy kilAwxpur, BtOlI qy jIaUvwl ipMfW ivckwr kuJ zmIn ^rIdx dI pySkS kIqI[ pihlW qW kilAwx cMd ny ies zmIn dy pYsy lYx qoN nWh kr idqI pr jd gurU swihb ny aus nUM disAw ik auh (gurU swihb) dwn dI zmIn ’qy is`K pMQ dw ngr nhIN vswauxgy qW mjbUrn kilAwx cMd nUM ies zmIn dI kImq lYxI peI[ mOjUdw kIrqpur ivc (cwr ipMf Swiml hn qy) ienHW swirAW ipMfW dI zmIn dw kuJ-kuJ ih`sw Swiml hY[ gurU swihb ny kIrqpur swihb dI zmIn nvW ngr vswaux vwsqy Awpxy pu`qr bwbw gurid`qw nUM dy idqI[ bwbw gurid`qw ny pihlI meI 1624 dy idn nvyN ngr dI moVHI gfvweI[

kuJ hor Aihm GtnwvW
1624 qoN 1631 qk gurU hirgoibMd swihb gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc hI rhy sn[ sMgqW dI igxqI ivc vwDw hox kr ky 1628 ivc gurU swihb ny iek hor srovr, ibbyksr, bxvwieAw[ julweI 1628 ivc bIbI kOlW dI mOq ho geI (guru hrgoibMd swihb dw ivAwh bIbI kOlW, Asl nW kmlw dyeI, puqrI ikSn cMd kumrwau, vwsI p`tI nwl, isr& iqMn swl pihlW, 1625 ivc hoieAw sI[ g`pI kvI sMqoK isMG ny qW aus nUM iek muslmwn kuVI ilK id`qw sI) [ 27 mwrc 1629 dy idn Awp dy mwqw gMgw jI cVHweI kr gey[ ies qoN iek mhIny bwAd 23 AprYl 1629 dy idn Awp ny Awpxy byty sUrj m`l dw ivAwh kr idqw[ 16 jnvrI 1630 dy idn bwbw gurid`qw dy Gr aus dy dUjy pu`qr (gurU) hir rwie swihb dw jnm hoieAw[

18 mwrc 1631 dy idn gurU swihb mwlvy dy dOry ’qy gey[ sB qoN pihlW Awp frolI gey qy pRvwr nUM Awpxy sWFU BweI sWeIN dws kol C`ifAw[ ie`QoN Awp pRcwr vwsqy v`K-v`K ipMfW ivc jWdy rhy[ ie`Qy hI 13 julweI 1631 dy idn (Awp dI pihlI pqnI) mwqw dmodrI dI mOq ho geI[ Akwl purK dw Bwxw ik kuJ hI h&iqAW ivc hI iesy hI QW Awp dI s`s, shurw, swlI qy sWFU vI cVHweI kr gey[ ikhw jWdw hY ik iksy lwielwj bImwrI ny aunHW idnW ivc ies ielwky dy sYNkVy lokW dIAW jwnW leIAW sn[ ienHW swirAW dy sskwr mgroN Awp krqwrpur (jlMDr) cly gey qy (gurU) gRMQ swihb dw pihlw srUp (BweI gurdws dw h`Q ilKq) vI ie`Qy hI phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy hI Awp nUM bwbw bu`Fw dI ishq iF`lI hox dI ^br imlI qy Awp aunHW dy ipMf rmdws gey[ 17 nvMbr 1631 dy idn bwbw bu`Fw cVHweI kr gey[ bwbw bu`Fw jI dw sskwr Awp ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw[ ies mgroN Awp iPr krqwrpur vwips Aw gey[ 14 sqMbr 1632 dy idn Awp dy byty (gurU) qyZ bhwdr dw ivAwh (mwqw) gujrI nwl iesy hI ngr ivc hoieAw[

gurU swihb ’qy muZlW dy hor hmly
auDr 28 AkqUbr 1627 dy idn jhWgIr dI mOq ho geI sI[ jhWgIr dw pu`qr Swhjhwn vI hOlI-hOlI muq`sbI muslmwnW dy Asr hyT Aw igAw[ ies hwlq ivc is`KW Aqy muZlW ivc Amn (SWqI) dy Awswr Gtxw lwzmI sI[ aus ny ZYr-muslmwnW dy Dwrimk AdwirAW nUM Fwhuxw vI SurU kr idqw[ ienHW ivc lwhOr dy f`bI bzwr ivc bixAw hoieAw bwaulI swihb vI sI[ ies vyly qk gurU swihb gurU dw c`k ivc rih rhy sn[ gurU swihb ny AwpxI bytI vIro dw ivAwh 16 AprYl 1634 dy idn dw riKAw hoieAw sI[ ies mOky ’qy v`K-v`K ielwikAW qoN bhuq sMgqW pu`jIAW hoeIAW sn[ pr Acwnk iek idn pihlW muZl &OjW ny mu^ls ^wn gorKpurI dI kmWf hyT hmlw kr idqw[ gurU swihb ny pirvwr nUM Jbwl Byj id`qw Aqy hmly dw twkrw kIqw[ ies hmly ivc bhuq swry is`K ShId hoey pr mYdwn is`KW dy h`Q ivc hI irhw[ ies lVweI ivc hornW qoN ielwvw BweI b`lU (dwdw BweI mnI isMG), BweI isMGw poroihq, BweI iprwxw, BweI kIrq B`t (ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hY) vI ShId hoey[ ies dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

“blU bytw mUly kw poqw rwaU kw, pVpoqw cwhV kw raudq jlHwnw, swl solW sY iekwnmy ivswK pRivSty sqwrW, gurU c`k ky mlHwn gurU kw bcn pwie swmHy mwQy rx myN murqzw KW ko mwr mrw[ gYloN kIrq bytw iBKy kw poqw reIey kw, pVpoqw nrsI kw kOiSS goqR bRwhmx mwrw igAw[” (B`t vhI mulqwn isMDI)

jMg ij`qx qoN bwAd gurU swihb Jbwl gey Aqy Agly idn bIbI vIro dw ivAwh kIqw igAw[ (gurU swihb ’qy ieh hmlw Swhjhwn dy hukm hyT nhIN sI kIqw igAw qy nw hI  ieh muZlW dw bwz gurU swihb v`l au~f Awaux Aqy is`KW v`loN bwz moVn qoN nWh krn ’qy kIqw igAw sI[ ieh khwxIAW lwhOr dy muslmwnW ny Awp pRcwrIAW hoxgIAW[ drAsl lwhOr Aqy p`tI dy hwkm, gurU swihb dI vD rhI is`K-sMgq Aqy aunHW dI &Oj ’qy AOKy sn[ aunHW nUM ieh pqw sI ik Swhjhwn ny Aijhy AYkSn ’qy koeI ieqrwz nhIN krnw ies kr ky aunHW ny AwpxI mrzI nwl gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw)[

auqrwKMf dw dOrw
gurU swihb mihsUs krdy sn ik ibnw vjh &OjI lVweIAW dw koeI &wiedw nhIN ies kr ky iek hor lVweI qoN bcx vwsqy auh kuJ icr vwsqy auqrwKMf dy phwVW dy dOry ’qy cly gey[ ies dOry dOrwn sRIngr (gVHvwl) ivc iek mrh`tw ausqwd smr`Q rwmdws Awp jI nUM imilAw[ aus ny gurU nwnk swihb bwry suixAw hoieAw sI[ jd aus ny gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM SwhI ilbws ivc vyiKAw qW aus ny pu`iCAw ik ‘suixAw hY ik gurU nwnk swihb qW audwsI pihrwvw pihxdy sn pr qusI qW SwhI pihrwvy ivc ho’ qW gurU swihb ny aus nUUM jvwb id`qw ik ‘gurU nwnk swihb ny mwieAw iqAwgI sI, dunIAW nhIN[’ ies ’qy auh iPr kihx l`gw ‘qusIN Ssqr ikauN pihxy hn?’ gurU swihb ny jvwb id`qw ‘Ssqr grIb dI r`iKAw jrvwxy dI B`iKAw[’ ies ’qy smr`Q rwmdws bol auiTAw ‘ieh bwq hmwry mn BwvqI hY[’ smr`Q rwmdws gurU swihb dw murId bx igAw[ (mgroN iesy smr`Q rwmdws ny iSvwjI mrh`tw nUM muZlW nwl t`kr lYx vwsqy iqAwr kIqw[ pr iSvwjI dI soc kdy vI lok BlweI vwlI (grIb dI r`iKAw vwlI soc) nhIN sI bx skI qy isr& qwkq hwisl krn qk sImq sI[ auh qW ikswnW qoN cOQ (&sl dw cOQw ih`sw) lY ky vI aunHW nUM bdly ivc kuJ nhIN sI dyNdw)[

ies dOry dOrwn gurU hirgoibMd swihb nwnk m`qw vI gey Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ’c bxy mMjI swihb (gurduAwry) qoN jogIAW dw kbzw ^qm krvwieAw[ ies mgroN Awp iPr pMjwb vwips Aw gey[

gurU jI ’qy Pyr hmly
kuJ h&qy gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) rihx mgroN, dsMbr 1634 ivc gurU swihb mwlvy dy ielwky ivc Drm prcwr vwsqy dOry ’qy gey hoey sn qW ApRYl dI hwr dw bdlw lYx vwsqy iek vwr Pyr muZl &OjW ny l`lw byZ Aqy kmr byZ dI AgvweI ivc iek v`fI &Oj nwl gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ 17 dsMbr 1634 dy idn ipMf mihrwj  (hux izlHw biTMfw) dy mYdwn ivc hoeI lVweI ivc muZlW dy dovyN kmWfr mwry gey pr ies mOky ’qy bhuq swry isMGW ny vI ShIdIAW pweIAW[ ienHW swirAW dw sskwr gurU swihb ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw[

AprYl 1635 ivc gurU swihb krqwrpur (izlHw jlMDr) ivc rih rhy sn[ ienHW idnW ivc Awp dy iek mulwzm pYNdy ^wn dy juAweI ny gurU drbwr dIAW kuJ kImqI cIzW corI kr leIAW[ jd aus dI corI PVI geI qW pYNdy ^wn muAw&I mMgx dI QW jlMDr qoN muZl &OjW cVHw ilAwieAw[ 26 qoN 28 AprYl 1635 qk, iqMn idn hoeI ies lVweI ivc pYNdy ^wn, muZl &OjW dw kmWfr Aqy bhuq swry hor muZl ispwhI mwry gey[ bhuq swry is`K vI ies ivc ShId hoey[ gurU swihb ny ienHW swirAW dw sskwr kIqw Aqy nwl hI AYlwn kr idqw ik muZlW nwl roz-roz dI t`kr nwl Drm prcwr ’qy Asr pYNdw hY ies kr ky auh krqwrpur C`f ky kIrqpur swihb cly jwxgy[

29 AprYl dy idn qVkswr gurU swihb krqwrpur qoN kIrqpur swihb vl cl pey[ ies mOky ’qy bhuq swry is`K pirvwr vI kIrqpur jwx vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ Awp rsqy ivc kuJ pl jlMDr dI bsqI SY^ drvyS (hux bsqI SY^) ivc vI ruky qy SY^ nwl Drm crcw kIqw[ Swm vyly Awp Swhjhwnwbwd (PgvwVw) ivcoN lMG rhy sn qW ie`Qy qwienwq muZl &OjW ny is`KW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ is`K BwvyN iqMn idn dI lgwqwr lVweI kwrn Q`ky hoey sn pr aunHW ny hmlwvrW nUM ^Ub sbk idqw qy keI muZlW nUM mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw[ ies mOky ’qy kuJ is`K vI ShId ho gey[ rsqy ivc pVwA krdy-krdy gurU jI iqMn meI 1635 dy idn kIrqpur phuMc gey[

kIrqpur invws
kIrqpur swihb ivc rihMidAW gurU swihb kol iblwspur, hMfUr (nwlwgVH) Aqy keI hor irAwsqW dy rwjy Awaux lg pey[ ienHW idnW ivc hI rUpV (hux ropV) dy nvwb ny hMfUr dy rwjy ’qy hmlw krn dI DmkI idqI qW auh gurU swihb kol Arz krn Aw pu`jw[ gurU swihb ny aus dI mdd krn vwsqy Awpxy byty (bwbw) gurid`qw dI AgvweI ivc 100 is`KW dw j`Qw Byj idqw[ pihlI julweI 1635 dy idn nMgl gujrW (hux nMgl srsw) ipMf ivc hoeI lVweI ivc ropV dIAW &OjW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw[ ies ’qy ropV dy nvwb ny kotlw Sms ^wn (hux kotlw inhMg ^wn) dy mwilk Sms ^wn rwhIN gurU swihb dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI ’qy aus ny gurU swihb nUM Awpxy mihl ivc dwAvq ’qy bulwieAw[ gurU swihb 18 julweI 1635 dy idn ropV pu`jy qy iek rwq auh nvwb dy mihl ivc mihmwn bx ky rhy[ 19 qy 20 qwrI^ nUM gurU swihb kotlw Sms ^wn ivc ^wn dy Gr ivc rhy[ ies mgroN jd qk gurU swihb kIrqpur swihb ivc rhy iksy vI muZl ny iksy vI ihMdU irAwsq ’qy hmlw krn dI koiSS nhIN kIqI[

gurU hir goibMd swihb dy ivAwh
gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw pihlw ivAwh gurU gRMQ swihb dy pihly pRkwS idn (16 Agsq 1604) qoN isr& pMj idn bwAd, 21 Agsq 1604 dy idn ipMf f`lw (izlHw kpUrQlw) dy BweI nwrwiex dws julkw Aqy mwqw BwgBrI dI bytI dmodrI nwl hoieAw[ Awp dw dUjw ivAwh (kSmIr dy dOry ‘qy jwx qoN pihlW) (mwqw) nwnkI nwl 28 mwrc 1620 dy idn, qIjw ivAwh (kSmIr dy dOry qoN muVn qoN bwAd) (mwqw) mhWdyvI nwl  10 julweI 1620 dy idn Aqy cOQw ivAwh 10 meI 1621 dy idn kmlw dyeI (puqrI ikSn cMd kumrwau, vwsI p`tI) nwl hoieAw sI (kuJ lyKkW ny ies dw nW kOlW ilK ky is`K qvwrI^ nwl izAwdqI kIqI hY)[ ienHW ipCly iqMnW ivAwhW dy kwrn kI sn? bhuqy lok 21vIN sdI dy hwlqW muqwibk socdy hn[ iek qW aunHW zmwinAW ivc iek qoN vD ivAwhW dw Awm irvwz sI[ dUjw, lok AwpxIAW b`cIAW nUM rwijAW, pIrW, irSIAW, gurUAW nwl ivAwhux vwsqy mMnq mMn lYNdy sn (qy keI vwr kuVIAW vI pRx kr lYNdIAW sn ik auh ivAwh iksy mhwn S^sIAq nwl krngIAW Aqy auh Awpxy Awp nUM Aijhy ivAwh vwsqy Aripq vI ho jWdIAW sn[ ieh irvwz keI jgh sI; mIrw bweI dI khwxI kuJ AijhI hY)[ ^Yr, gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy ieh iqMn ivAwh ieM\ hI hoey sn; ienHW kuVIAW nUM aunHW dy mwpy ilAw ky Arpx kr ky ivAwh gey sn[ ies mgroN gurU hirgibMd swihb ny sMgqW nUM pYZwm Byj ky ies kwrvweI qoN pUrI qrHW vrj id`qw[

keI lok gurU hirgibMd swihb dy cwr ivAwh vI nhIN mMndy[ jy aunHW dI izd nUM mMnxw cwhIey qW hwsohIxw nqIjw inkldw hY[ ikhw nhIN jw skdw ik kI ieh swieMs dI koeI nvIN Koj hY ik is`K qvwrI^ nwl iek hor mzwk!

gurU hirgibMd swihb dIAW cwrW ivcoN iqMn SwdIAW ’coN 6 b`cy sn: gurid`qw (jnm 14 sqMbr 1608); gurU qyZ bhwdr (jnm 1 ApRYl 1621); sUrj m`l (jnm 5 sqMbr 1623); AxI rwey (jnm 24 AkqUbr 1623); Atl rwey (jnm 6 &rvrI 1626); bIbI vIro (jnm 11 julweI 1626)[ hux jy Fu`crW vwly nvyN-ivdvwnW dI g`l mMn leIey qW sUrj m`l (jnm 5 sqMbr 1623) Aqy AxI rwey (jnm 24 AkqUbr 1623) ivc isr& 1 mhInw 19 idn dw &rk hY; kI ieh shI ho skdw hY ieko mW ieM\ b`cw jMm skdI hY[ ieM\ hI Atl rwey (jnm 6 &rvrI 1626) Aqy bIbI vIro ((jnm 11 julweI 1626) ivc 5 mhIny 5 idn dw &rk hY[kI ieh shI ho skdw hY ieko mW ieM\ b`cw jMm skdI hY! ieh qW nvIN Koj hY ik b`icAW dy jnm nUM 9-10 mhIny dy &rk nwl nhIN 49 idn qy 150 idn mgroN vI jMimAw jw skdw hY!

gurU Gr dy ipAwirAW dIAW mOqW
julweI 1635 ivc gurU swihb iPr mwJy dy dOry ’qy gey [ ienHW idnW ivc hI 11 Agsq 1635 dy idn mIAW mIr dI mOq ho geI[ 25 Agsq 1636 dy idn BweI gurdws cVHweI kr gey[ ies vyly gurU swihb goieMdvwl ivc hI sn qy BweI gurdws dw sskwr aunHW Awpxy h`QIN kIqw[ kuJ mhIny mwJy ivc prcwr krn mgroN gurU swihb iPr kIrqpur muV Awey[ 12 &rvrI 1637 dy idn iblwspur dy rwjy kilAwx cMd dI mOq ho geI[ gurU swihb aus dI Aw^rI rsm vwsqy iblwspur pu`jy[ ies qoN iek swl mgroN 15 mwrc 1638 dy idn Awp dy v`fy byty (bwbw) gurid`qw dI mOq ho geI[ ieM\ hI 31 Agsq 1638 dy idn ibDI cMd vI cVHweI kr igAw[ 1643 ivc BweI jwqI m`l (pu`qr BweI isMGw puroihq) vI ies &wnI dunIAW nUM C`f ky tur igAw[

ienHW idnW ivc bhuq swry ihMdU rwjpUq rwjy gurU swihb kol kIrqpur swihb ivc pnwh lYx vwsqy Awey[ ieh swry rwjy muZlW dy zulm qoN qMg Aw ky qy bwZI ho ky gurU swihb kol pnwhgIr bxy hoey sn qy auQy rih rhy sn[

3 mwrc 1644 dy idn gurU sihb joqI-joiq smw gey qy jwx qoN pihlW gurU hir rwey swihb (spuqr bwbw gurid`qw) nUM gurg`dI sONp gey[ gurU swihb dy sskwr vyly iek rwjpUq rwjy ny Awp dI icqw ivc ClWg mwr ky AwpxI jwn dy idqI qy iek hor ny Awpxy sIny ivc ktwr mwr leI[ ieh dovyN gurU jI dw ivCoVw nw J`l sky qy ies dunIAW nUM Alivdw kih ky tur gey[ gurU hir rwey swihb ny ies nUM Zlq ikhw qy r`d kIqw Aqy sMgqW nUM smJwieAw ik ieh kwrvweI is`K &ls&y muqwibk shI nhIN hY[

gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies dunIAW ivc pOxy curMjw swl rhy ijs ivcoN aunHW ny pihly solHW swl (1606 qk) ipqw dI AgvweI ivc pMQ dI syvw kIqI[ ies mgroN auh Cy swl gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kYd rhy aunHW ny 101 rwijAW nUM kYd ivcoN irhw vI krvwieAw[ aunHW nUM cwr v`fIAW Aqy do CotIAW lVweIAW lVnIAW peIAW[ gurU swihb ny Akwl q^q swihb prgt kIqw, &Oj vI bxweI, rwijAW nUM isAwsI srprsqI vI idqI Aqy muZlW dy sqwey rwijAW nUM pnwh vI idqI[ aunHW dy ZYr-is`K Dwrimk hsqIAW nwl vI dosqwnw sbMD sn[ aunHW ny sYNkVy ipMfW ivc jw ky Drm prcwr vI kIqw; (gurU) gRMQ swihb dy bhuq swry srUp vI iqAwr krvwey[ aunHW ny swry mulk dy is`KW nUM iek lVI ivc vI proieAw[ gurU swihb ny is`KW nUM Drm, isAwsI i&lws&I, &OjI qwkq qy sUJ, ifplomysI, BweIcwrk sWJ Aqy hor ikMnw kuJ idqw[ iek Awm soc vwly ienswn vwsqy ieh mMnxw muSikl ho jWdw hY ik kI ieh swrI syvw ieko hI hsqI ny kIqI sI[

Akwl q^q dw s`co-s`c
ijs iemwrq nUM Aj-klH Akwl q^q ikhw jw irhw hY, auh Akwl purK dw q^q nhIN hY[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb nyy AijhI koeI iemwrq (AKOqI q^q) nhIN bxweI sI[ auN\ idlscsp g`l ieh kihxw hY ik gurU jI ny Akwl purK dw q^q bxwieAw sI[ Xwin audoN qk Akwl pur^ Awpxy q^q ’qy ibrwjmwn nhIN sI; jW, ieh kih lE ik Akwl purK nUM q^q ’qy ibTwaux vwly gurU hrgoibMd jI sn[ ieh Awm prcwr kIqw jwx lg ipAw hY ik Akwl q^q khI jWdI iemwrq dI nINh gurU jI ny 15 jUn 1606 dy idn r`KI sI[ keIAW ny ies qwrI^ nUM ies kr ky mMn ilAw ikauNik ieh qwrI^ ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ dy lyKk ny ilKI sI qy aus ny ies dw ilKx swl 1718 iliKAw sI[ hwlW ik hux swibq ho cukw hY ik ieh ikqwb sMn 1830 qoN mgroN dI ilKI hoeI hY[

ijs QW ’qy Aj-klH Akwl q^q nW dI iemwrq jW gurduAwrw hY, ieh drAsl AkwlIAW dw buMgw sI (AkwlI nYxw isMG qy aus mgroN AkwlI PUlw isMG dw invws ie`Qy sI; aunHW dy bhuqy swQI ‘CwvxI inhMgW’, ij`Qy hux burj AkwlI PUlw isMG hY, ivc irhw krdy sn)[ ies buMgy nUM ‘AkwlIAW dw buMgw’ jW ‘Akwl buMgw’ ikhw jWdw sI[ sMn 1748 Aqy 1765 dy ivckwr dl Kwlsw dIAW swrIAW XwrHW is`K imslW Aqy PUlikAW ny pMjwb dw bhuq swrw ielwkw ij`q ilAw sI; pr AkwlIAW ny koeI ielwkw kbzy ivc nhIN sI kIqw[ auh gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl kirAw krdy sn[

sMn 1765 qoN mgroN bhuq swry is`K gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc rihx lg pey[ ies dy nwl hI hr iek imsl ny AwpxIAW hvylIAW Aqy buMgy bxwauxy SurU kr ley sn[ ies ngr ivc 72 buMigAW dy hox dw pqw cldw hY[audoN drbwr swihb dy muK gyt (jo cursqI AtwrI, gurU bwzwr) vwly pwsy sI [ AkwlIAW ny aus gyt dy nwl Awpxw buMgw bxwieAw sI[ ies nUM lok Akwl buMgw ikw krdy sn[ ie`Qy pihloN AkwlI nYxw isMG qy iPr AkwlI PUlw isMG rihMdy rhy sn[ 1823 ivc AkwlI PUlw isMG dI mOq mgroN ies buMgy dI AhmIAq Gt geI[ auN\ iemwrq kwiem rhI[ mgroN ies buMgy au~qy igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr gurmuK isMG ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[

myry sxy, ijhVy qvwrI^ lyKk ATwrHvIN sdI ivc hox vwly ‘srbq Kwlsw’ ie`kTW (^ws kr ky sMn 1733, 1747, 1748, 1763, 1765 Awid) dw izkr krdy hn qW auh ieh ilKdy rhy hn ik ieh iek`T Akwl q^q ’qy hoey sn[ drAsl ieh iek`T drbwr swihb dI hdUd ivc, AkwlIAW dy buMgy Aqy dI drSnI ifayFI dy ivckwr KulHy mYdwn ivc hoieAw krdy sn[ AkwlIAW dy buMgw dy mUhry iek`T hox kr ky ieiqhwskwrW ny ienHW iek`TW nUM ZlqI nwl Akwl q^q ‘’qy hoey iek`T ilK id`qw sI[ ieh vI i^Awl r`Kx dI loV hY ik ieh srbq Kwlsw iek`T AkwlI hI bulwieAw krdy sn[ Aw^rI srbq Kwslw iek`T sMn 1804 ivc audoN hoieAw sI jdoN mrh`tw jrnYl XSvMq rwE holkr is`KW koloN AMgryz jrnYl lyk nwl lVweI ivc mdd mMgx AwieAw sI[ ieh iek`T AkwlI PUlw isMG ny bulwieAw sI[ ies dw izkr lY&tInYNt krnl mwlkm ny AwpxI ikqwn ‘skY~c Aw& d is`Kz’ ivc s&w 120 ’qy kIqw hY[ mwlkm ny AwpxI swrI ikqwb (jo 1812 ivc CpI sI) ivc ikqy vI Akwl q^q l&z dI vrqoN nhIN kIqI[

     ‘AkwlI buMgw’ ‘Akwl q^q’ ikvyN bixAw?: ‘AkwlIAW dw buMgw’ nW dI iemwrq dw bqOr ‘q^q’ isDWq drbwr swihb dy gRMQI igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr igAwnI gurmuK isMG dw GiVAw hoieAw hY[ AkwlI PUlw isMG dI mOq mgroN igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny Awpxy buMgy ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dw prkwS kr ky ieh prcwrnw SurU kr id`qw ik ieh gurU jI dw q^q sI[ Boly lokW ny au~Qy vI m`Qw tykxw SurU kr id`qw[ hor qW hor hrI isMG nlvw qk aus dy prcwr dy Asr hyTW Aw igAw Aqy aus ny 1835 ivc igAwnI gurmuK isMG nUM iek l`K rupY dy ky q^q dI Cy mMizlW iemwrq bxwaux Aqy ies ’qy sonw lwaux vwsqy ikhw[igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny ies ivcoN bhuq pYsw hzm kr ilAw[ 1837 ivc nlvy dI mOq mgroN igAwnI gurmuK isMG qoN ihswb mMgx vwlw koeI nhIN sI[

igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny ‘Akwl q^q’ dy nvyN isDWq nUM kwiem krn vwsqy Awpxy iek swQI drbwrw isMG (jo drbwr swihb dw iek gRMQI sI) nwl iml ky ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ikqwb ilK id`qI[ ieh g`l 1830 dy duAwly dI hY[ ies ikqwb ivc aus ny Akwl q^q bwry iek pUrw kWf ilK id`qw qW jo lokW ivc Akwl q^q dw nvW isDWq prcwr ky aunHW qoN cVHwvy hwisl kIqy jwx[ aus ny ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ivc ies ikqwb dw JUTw ilKx swl 1718 ilK ky ies dI purwqnqw dw pRBwv vI pw ilAw[ ies ikqwb dy lyKk ny lyKk dw nW nhIN sI id`qw Aqy sohn l&z vwr-vwr Awaux kwrn lokW ny iksy sohn kvI nUM ies dw lyKk smJ ilAw sI[ pr, ies dy bwvjUd Awm lokW ivc Ajy Akwl q^q vwlw koeI isDWq nhIN sI[ q^q qW id`lI qy lwhOr ivc sn: iek muZlW kol qy iek mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG kol[ ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ qoN Cu`t iksy iek vI ikqwb jW dsqvyz ivc ‘Akwl q^q’ l&z qk nhIN imldw[

vYSno toly dw prcwr: iek sB qoN Aihm g`l ko kæwbly-ZOr hY auh ieh hY ik gurmuK isMG ‘inrmlw’ sI (aus dw ipqw igAwnI sMq isMG qy dwdw sUrq isMG is`KW ivc inrmlw toly dy muKI sn)[ inrmlw surq isMG kwSI Aqy knKl (hrduAwr) dy bRwhmxW dw cylw sI Aqy ies kr ky auh imQhwsk dyviqAW ivSnU Aqy gxyS dw pujwrI sI (aus dy Gr dy muK duAwr ’qy gxyS dy isr dw buq l`gw hoieAw sI)[ is`KW ivc swrI vYSno Aqy vydWqI lihr ies toly dI hI aupj hY[ 1765 ivc pMjwb ’qy is`K imslW dw kbzw ho jwx qoN kuJ swl bwAd (qkrIbn 1775-80 ivc) ieh tolw AMimRqsr ivc kwiem hoxw SurU ho igAw sI[ iesy toly ny drbwr swihb nUM ‘ivSnU’ dw mMdr bxwaux dw prcwr SurU kIqw sI Aqy ies dw nW ‘drbwr swihb’ qoN ‘hrI (ivSnU) dw mMdr’ prcwrnw SurU kIqw sI[ ies gurmuK isMG ny ‘gur iblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ivc ieh isDWq prcwirAw sI ik ivSnU rwq smyN drbwr swihb (aus dy l&zW ivc hrI (ivSnU) mMdr ivc ivSrwm krdw hY[ iesy ikqwb ivc iliKAw hY ik ivSnU dI hdwieq ’qy hI gurU hrgoibMd swihb ny ‘Akwl q^q’ dI rcnw kIqI sI; Xwin gurmuK isMG ny ivSnU nUM ‘Akwl purK’ Aqy AKOqI Akwl q^q nUM ‘ivSnU dw q^q’ vjoN kwiem kIqw sI[ gurmuK isMG ny qW vD cVHwvw lYx vwsqy ieh vI prcwirAw sI ik is`K nUM pihlW ivSnU dy q^q (Akwl q^q) ’qy m`Qw tykxw cwhIdw hY qy mgroN hrI (ivSnU) dy mMdr jwxw cwhIdw hY[

sqMbr 1843 dy qIjy h&qy mhwrwj Syr isMG nUM kql krn vwly sMDwvwlIAW dy nwl aunHW dy swQIAW nUM vI mwr id`qw igAw[ aunHW ivc ieh igAwnI gurmuK isMG vI sI[ ies dy nwl hI ‘Akwl buMgw’ q^q nw bxwieAw jw sikAw qy iPr Akwl buMgw hI rih igAw; pr au~Qy gurU gRMQ siwhb dw srUp pRkwS kIqw hoieAw hox kr ky lok m`Qw tykdy rhy Aqy ieh iek nvW gurduAwrw bixAw irhw[  ies buMgy ivc igAwnI gurmuK isMG dw pu`qr prdumx isMG irhw krdw sI; ies kr ky ie`QoN dw cVHwvw aus nUM imldw irhw sI[

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy drbwr dw 1839 ivc aus dI mOq qk dw roznwmcw ‘aumdwquq qvwrI^’ vjoN CipAw imldw hY[ ies ivc vI ikqy vI ‘Akwl q^q’ l&z dI vrqoN kIqI nhIN imldI[ 

bUty Swh ny 1842 ivc iek  ikqwb ‘qwrI^y pMjwb’ ilKI sI[ ies ikqwb ivc iek ih`sw ‘pMjwb dI jogrw&XweI qvwrI^’ hY[ ies ivc s&w 51 ’qy sw& iliKAw hY ik AMimRqsr ivc bhuq swrIAW imslW dy AwgUAW Aqy srdwrW ny buMgy bxwey hoey sn[ aunHW ivcoN iek ieh AkwlIAW dw buMgw sI; ieh AkwlI qlwau (drbwr swihb) dy pujwrI sn[ aus ny ikqy vI ‘Akwl q^q’ l&z dI vrqoN nhIN kIqI[

ies mgroN drbwr swihb ’qy AMgryzW dw Ais`Dw kbzw ho igAw[ aunHW ny idKwvy vjoN dsqury-Aml iqAwr krvw ilAw (ijs ivc isr& cVHwvw vMfx Aqy ifaUtIAW dw ihswb ikqwb sI) Aqy iek idKwvy dI ieMqzwmIAw kmutI vI bxw id`qI sI ijs dw muKI rwjw qyjw isMG sI (jo Asl ivc qyj rwm imsr sI ijhVw 1945-46 ivc lwhOr drbwr dIAW &OjW dw kmWfr-ien-cI& sI Aqy ijs ny ZdwrI kr ky pMjwb ’qy AMgryzW dw kbzw krvwieAw sI)[ pr ieh sB idKwvy dI kmytI sI[ auN\ ies kmytI dy smyN ivc vI koeI AKOqI Akwl q^q nhIN sI[

‘q^q swihb Akwl buMgw’ l&z dI pihlI vrqoN 1877 ivc hoeI sI: sMn 1873 ivc isMG sBw kwiem hoeI qW gurU nwnk swihb dy in`ky pu`qr lKmI dws dy vwirsW ivcoN iek Kym isMG bydI vI ies sBw nwl sbMDq ho igAw; pr aus dy AMdr lKmI dws vW| cVHwivAW ’qy plx dw subwau bixAw hoieAw sI; Aqy nwl hI auh m`Qy itkwaux Aqy AwpxI pUjw krvwaux dw vI SOkIn sI[ ies kwrn isMG sBw dy do ih`sy bx gey[ iek AMimRqsrI (Kym isMG bydI Aqy rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot hyT) Aqy dUjw lwhOrI (pRo. gurmuK isMG qy igAwnI id`q isMG hyT)[  lwhOrI DVw Kym isMG nUM nIm-gurU mMnx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI; ies kr ky auh ayus dy i^lw& swizSW GVdy rihMdy sn[ 1877 ivc jdoN Kym isMG bydI, rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot Aqy aunHW dy ihmwieqI pujwrIAW ny pRo&Ysr gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& “morcw” lwieAw qW pihlI vwrI l&z ‘q^q swihb Akwl buMgw’ vriqAw igAw[ Ajy vI ieh koeI q^q nhIN sI blik iek Akwl buMgw nUM hI q^q ikhw igAw sI[

pRo. gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& jwrI hoieAw AKOqI hukmnwmw iksy q^q jW srbrwh jW gRMQI/pujwrI v`loN jW iks AKOqI pMj ipAwirAW v`loN nhIN sI blik iek DVy nwl sbMDq toly v`loN sI[ ies AKOqI ^q ijs nUM mgroN iksy ny hukmnwmw kih id`qw sI au~qy srbrwh, reIs, mhMq, nMbrdwr, muhqimmW, gRMQIAW, pujwrIAW, DUpIAW (drbwr swihb ivc DUp bwlx vwly), p`qIdwrW, ArdwsIAW, inSwncIAW (inSwn swihb dI svw krn vwilAW) Awid ‘AhudydwrW’ dy dsq^q sn; iemHW ivcoN koeI vI (AKOqI ‘jQydwr’ nhIN sI (hyTW AKOqI hukmnwmy ivc dsq^q krn vwilAW dy AhuidAW bwry sw& vyiKAw jw skdw hY)[

hm jumly isMGwn pujwrIAn q^q swihb Akwl buMgw v drbwr swihb jI v bwbw Atl rwie jI v JMfw buMgw swihb v ShId buMgw swihb ny mulwhjy kwrvweI gurmuK isMG skiqR kw kIAw[ mwlUm hUAw hY ik ies S^s ny cMd jgw bri^lw& gurieSt ky qOhIn gurU gRMQ swihb v gurU AMs v gurbwnI ky qihrIr v qkrIr kIAw hY ijs sy swbq hoqw hY ik aus kw eykdwd is`K Drm sy iblkul bri^lw& hY[ ies vwsqy hm qmwm pujwrIAn v gRMQIAn v nMbrdwr gurduAwry hwie mddUh qihjIr krqy hYN ik gurmuK isMG mjkUr pMQ Kwlsw sy Alihdw kIAw igAw hY[ gurduAwry hwie mOsU& aus kI Ardws nw hogI v brqwau n hogw[ qmwm isMGwn ko vwizAw rhy ik koeI S^s aus kw pYrokwr nw ho[ jo S^s aus kI pYrvI krygw vuh BI bymuK lwiek qn^wh smJw jweygw[ AOr vYsw hI slUk aus ky swQ BI kIAw jwvygw[ Pkwq v qwrI^ sqvIN mwh cyq 418 gurU nwnkSwhI, muqwibk 18 mwrc sMn 1887.

dsq^q hwzrIn isMGn v auhdydwrwAn v gRMQIAn v pujwrIAn: srdwr mwn isMG srbrwh gurduAwry swihbwn, s: kwnH isMG mjIiTAw reIs, BweI hrnwm isMG gRMQI drbwr swihb, BweI gulwb isMG mhMq Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI qyjw isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI jvwhr isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI pRqwp isMG, suMdr isMG, Syr isMG, BweI krm isMG ArdwsIAw drbwr swihb, srdwr jsvMq isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Twkr isMG pujwrI, BweI dyvw isMG DUpIAw, BweI mulqwnw isMG, BweI sMqw isMG pujwrI, BweI hridq isMG ArdwsIAw, BweI mhW isMG, BweI tyk isMG p`qIdwr Akwl buMgIAw, cMcl isMG, gulwb isMG Akwl buMgIAw p`qIdwr, gulwb isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Aqr isMG Akwl buMgIAw, BweI nwrwiex isMG nMbrdwr bwbw At`l rwie swihb jI, BweI jvwhr isMG, BweI DMnw isMG bwbw Atl rwie jI dy suKeI, BweI drbwrw isMG JMfy buMgIAw, BweI ikrpwl isMG jI JMfy buMgIAw, gurid`q isMG inSwncI, BweI sMq isMG nMbrdwr, BweI nwrwiex isMG jI gRMQI qrn qwrn swihb[  

‘Akwl q^q’ l&z dI pihlI vrqoN 1920 ivc hoeI sI: 10 qoN 12 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ ‘‘Kwlsw brwdrI kwrj swDk dl’’ jQybµdI v`loN jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc iek dIvwn sjwieAw igAw sI[ ies ivc suµdr isµG mjITw, krqwr isµG J`br, qyjw isµG Bu`cr, mµgl isµG mwn, bhwdr isµG hkIm vgYrw dIvwn ivc hwzr hoey sn[aunHIN idnIN drbwr swihb dy pujwrI AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy is`KW dw pRSwd kbUl nhIN krdy sI[ 11 AkqUbr rwq vyly mqw pws hoieAw ik AglI svyr ƒ AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy is`K pRSwd lY ky drbwr swihb jwx[ aunHW dy nwl keI is`K AwgU jwx vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ Agly idn 12 AkqUbr dy idn AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy keI isµGW ny AµimRq CikAw[ dIvwn dy ^qm hox qoN bwAd ieh swry isµG iek`Ty ho ky suµdr isµG mjITIAw dI AgvweI ivc drbwr swihb gey[ ijhw ik aumId sI pujwrIAW ny pRSwd kbUl nw kIqw[eyny icr ivc jQydwr krqwr isµG J`br Aqy jQydwr qyjw isµG Bu`cr vI pu`j gey[ hux sµgqW dI igxqI bhuq ho cu`kI sI[ A^Ir PYslw hoieAw ik gurU gRµQ swihb dw vwk ilAw jwey[ vwk ilAw igAw jo pRSwd kbUlx dy h`k ivc sI[ hux pujwrIAW nUM Ardws krnI peI sI[

ies qoN bwAd sµgqW Akwl q^q swihb vl geIAW[ sµgqW ƒ AwauNidAW vyK ky pujwrI q^q swihb ƒ suµ\w C`f ky B`j gey[ Akwl buMgw dI iemwrq ^wlI peI vyK ky hwzr sµgqW ny Akwl q^q swihb dI syvw sµBwl vwsqy 25 isµGW dI iek jQw bnwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ 17 mYNbrW ny ausy vyly Awpxy Awp ƒ syvw vwsqy pyS kIqw[ ies jQy dy jQydwr qyjw isµG Bu`cr bxwey gey[ ies jQy dy muKI nUM ‘Akwl buMgw’ dI syvw sMBwl krn vwly ‘jQy dw jQydwr’ ikhw igAw sI[ ieh iksy AKOqI Akwl q^q dw jW kOm dw jQydwr nhIN sI; hW aus dw kMm Aqy drjw A`j dy drSnI ifauFI A`gy cob (fMfw) PV ky KVHy cOkIdwr jW kVwh pSwd vrqwaux vwly syvwdwr, Aqy, hukmnwmw lYx qy Ardws krn vwly vwly pujwrI vwlw zrUr sI[ is`K qvwrI^ ivc ikqy vI ies ‘AKOqI jQydwr’ v`loN kOm dy msilAW ’qy koeI Adwlq clwaux dI koeI imswl nhIN hY[

hor qW hor 1928 ivc jdoN qyjw isMG BsOV dy i^lw& ‘hukmnwmw’ jwrI kIqw igAw qW audoN vI ies dI Adwlq ‘Dwrimk slwhkwr kmytI’ Aqy SRomxI kmytI dI AYZzYkitv sn ijnHW ny ‘hukmnwmw; iqAwr kIqw sI, nw ik Akwl q^q dw pujwrI jW cwr hor pujwrI (vyKo: SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pMjwh swlw ieiqhws)[

jUn 1978 ivc inrMkwrIAW dy i^lw& hukmnwmw iqAwr krn dI syvw iek ‘kmytI’ ny kIqI sI nw ik pMj pujwrIAW ny[ ies mgroN vI Akwl q^q dI iemwrq dy pujwrIAW/ syvwdwrW dw is`K qvwrI^, is`K isAwsq jW Dwrimk svwlW sbMDI koeI zrw-mwsw vI rol nhIN sI[

‘Akwl q^q’ Aqy ies dy AKOqI jQydwr dw haUAw ikvyN SurU hoieAw?: Akwl  q^q swihb dy AKOqI jQydwr dy ies nvyN Ahudy dw haUAw 1982 dI dsMbr ivc swbk &OjIAW dI iek mIitMg ivc KVw kIqw igAw ijs ivc mqw pws kIqw igAw sI ik iBMfrWvwilAW nUM Akwl q&q dw jQydwr bxwE[ pr iksy ny ies g`l dI prvwh nhIN kIqI sI[

ies Ahudy dw Asl frwmw 1986 dI 26 jnvrI dy idn, Akwl q^q swihb mUhry hoey iek`T ivc kwiem hoieAw sI[ (mgroN iBMfrW-mihqw jQw  v`loN ies iek`T nUM Zlq qOr ’qy ‘srbq Kwlsw’ dy nW id`qw igAw sI)[ ies iek`T ivc vI jsbIr isMG rofy nUM jylH ivcoN irhw krvwaux vwsqy ies jQydwr rUpI ‘haUey’ dw pRcwr kIqw igAw sI[ srkwr dI mdd nwl jsbIr isMG rofy nUM AKOqI jQydwr qW bxw ilAw pr kuJ idnW ivc hI aus dI jQydwrI dw Bog pY igAw qy SRomxI kmytI ny aus nUM jQydwrI qoN &wirg kr id`qw[ auN\ ies mgroN ies nvIN qwkq dI vrqoN krn vwsqy gurcrn isMG tOhVw Aqy bwdl ny pihlW pRo. drSn isMG qy mgroN BweI rxjIq isMG nUM lY AWdw[ pRo. drSn isMG ny jdoN KwVkUAW nUM kuJ isiKAw dyxI cwhI qW aus ’qy &qivAW dw mINh vrnw SurU ho igAw[ BweI rxjIq isMG id`lI vyly qW KwVkUAW dw kMm muk cukw sI[

pr, ies nvyN dIAhudy dI nvIN vrqoN 1999 &rvrI ivc audoN SurU hoeI jd pRkwS isMG bwdl dw SRomxI kmytI Aqy Akwl q^q swihb dI iemwrq ‘qy kbzw ho igAw[ audoN qoN ies q^q bxt buMgy Aqy ies dy pujwrI nUM bwdl AkwlI dl dy dlwl vWg vriqAw jw irhw hY[ 1999 qoN ieh Ahudw Akwl q^q dI AKOqI Adwlq nhIN blik “pRkwS isMG bwdl dI mw&IAw Adwlq” vjoN kwrvweIAW krn vwsqy vriqAw jw irhw hY (ienHW pujwrIAW dIAW hrkW nUM muK rK ky ienHw nUM ‘bwdl dy Zulwm jW bwdl dIAW Dwrimk vysvwvW’ ikhw jw skdw hY)[

bwdl ny ies q^q dI iemwrq dy pujwrI nUM Dwrimk mw&IAw Adwlq vjoN vrq ky prmjIq isMG srnw qoN ielwvw ismrnjIq isMG mwn, jgdIS isMG JINfw, dIdwr isMG nlvI Aqy hornW nUM vI nwjwiez qOr ’qy iT`T krn dI koiSS kIqI hY[ ies qoN ielwvw inrmilAW dy jQw iBMfrW-mihqw nUM ^US krn vwsqy ienHW pujwrIAW rwhIN gurb^S isMG kwlw A&Zwnw, joigMdr isMG spoksmYn Aqy (pRo) drSn isMG rwgI, fw hrijMdr isMG idlgIr qy rxjIq isMG FfrIAWvwlw ’qy vI kuhwVw clwaux dI koiSS kIqI geI hY[

jdoN 2014 ivc hirAwxw ivc vKrI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI bxI qW iesy frwmy nwl hI jgdIS isMG JINfw, dIdwr isMG nlvI Aqy hrimMdr isMG c`Tw ’qy kuhwVw clwieAw igAw sI[ 2019 dy A^Ir ivcBweI rxjIq isMG FfrIAWvwlw ’qy ieh kuhwVw clwaux dI plwinMg bxI sI[

iesy &rwf Ahudy hyT srsw fyry dy ryp qy kql dy mujirm gurmIq rwm rhIm nUM muAw&I dyx dw frwmw ricAw igAw[ Xwin ies nvyN pYdw kIqy gey nwjwiez Ahudy rUpI haUey nUM bwdl qy hrnwm DuMmy ny AwpxI ‘Dwrimk rKYl’ vjoN vriqAw[

ies swry nUM pMQ ny n&rq dI ingwh nwl vyiKAw hY Aqy ies nwl is`KW  ivc pujwrIAW, buMgw Akwl q^q  dI iemwrq (isDWq nhIN), SRomxI kmytI dw Adb bhuq GitAw hY[ koeI vylw sI ik Akwl q^q l&z dw vI Adb sI[ pr hux swry ivdvwn (kuJ cwplUsW nUM C`f ky) ienHW nUM hkwrq dI ingwh nwl vyKdy hn; sYNkVy gurduAwry, jQybMdUAW qy pMQk Adwry iehnW nUM durkwrdy hn Aqy ienHW dy AKOqI hukmnwimAW nUM ju`qI dI nok nwl TukrwauNdy hn[ lokW ivc Adb dI jgh hux ieh iqRskwr dy pwqr bx cuky hn[

Akwl q^q swihb d AKOqI jQydwr dw Ahudw nw qW is`K isDWqW jW &ls&y ivc mOjUd hY Aqy nw hI ieh is`K qvwrI^ ivc kdy sI[ Akwl q^q iek buMgw, gurduAwrw jW iemwrq dw nW nhIN hY; ieh iek &ls&w hY ijs dw mu`dwA ieh hY ik is`K isr& Akwl purK dy q^q dI pRjw hY qy is`K dI pihlI v&wdwrI Akwl purK nwl hY nw ik mhWkwl (mhwdyv, iSv), ivSnU nwl hY (cOk mihqw fyry dI ikqwb mqwibk qW Akwl q^q ivSnU dw hI q^q hY)[ dUjy l&zW ivc Akwl q^q koeI duinAwvI q^q, Adwlq jW d&qr nhIN hY[ ieh ‘sUKm’ isDWq hY ‘sQUl’ iemwrq/Adwrw nhIN hY[ pr, kuJ bysmJ AwgU Ajy qk aulJy hoey iPrdy hn[ bIqy idn iek s`jx dw hwsohIxw ibAwn CipAw sI ik “is`K pMQ AMdr jQydwrW dw ivSvws ^qm ho igAw hY, iPr vI FfrIAW vwl aunHW A`gy pyS hox”… ieh qW hwlq hY is`K kOm dy AwgU AKvwaux vwly lokW dI[

mOjUdw srUp ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Bwrq srkwr dy iek kwnUMn hyT isr& gurduAwrw “pRbMDk” kmytI hY (qy auh vI Bwrq dy iqMn sUibAW dy gurduAwirAW dI)[ ies kmytI ivc bwkI sUibAW jW ivdySW ivc rihMdy 25 l`K is`KW dw koeI ih`sw nhIN hY[ dUjw, ies “gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI” kmytI dw kMm gurduAwirAW dw pRbMD (syvw sMBwl) krnw hY[ is`K isDWq bxwaux Aqy lwgU krn jW is`KW ’qy koeI hukm lwgU krn dw ies kol koeI h`k nhIN[ ieh SRomxI kmytI iek DVy dy kbzy vwlI kmytI hY[ ieh bxI pMjwb ivcoN cuxy iek DVy dI kmytI dI AYZzYkitv gRMQIAW qy pujwrIAW nUM lwauNdI hY[ jdoN jIA kry AwpxI mrzI nwl aunHW nUM lw dyNdI hY qy jdoN jIA kry k`F dyNdI hY (ijvyN igAwnI ikrpwl isMG, jsbIr isMG rofy, BweI rxjIq isMG, igAwnI pUrn isMG, BweI blvMq isMG nMdgVH k`Fy sn; Aqy joigMdr isMG vydWqI Aqy gurbcn isMG koloN dbky nwl AsqI&y ley sn; Aqy gRMQI gurmuK isMG dw qbwdlw kr id`qw sI)[ ienHW gRMQIAW qy pujwrIAW nUM smu`cw pMQ qW nhIN cuxdw, isr& iek tolw cuxdw hY (Asl ivc pRkwS isMG bwdl, cOk mihqw fyry dy muKI hrnwm isMG Dumw dI iejwzq nwl, cuxdw hY)[ ies pujwrI (AKOqI jQydwr) SRomxI kmytI dy qn^whdwr mulwzm hn[ ieh pMQ dy jQydwr ikvyN ho skdy hn?

is`KW ivc iek buMgy nUM ‘Akwl q^q’ bxwaux Aqy ies dy AKOqI jQydwr dw Ahudw kwiem krnw iek swizS sI, jo hux bynkwb ho geI hY[ is`K &ls&y muqwibk koeI AKOqI q^q nhIN qy nw hI aus dw koe ‘jQydwr’ ho skdw hY[ q^q audoN qk sI jdoN gurU jI drbwr lwauNdy sn qy jQydwr qW iksy jQy dw huMdw hY[ so nw qW iek buMgw q^q hY qy nw iek pujwrI kOm dw jQydwr hY[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gurU hirrwie swihb

gurU hirrwie swihb dw jnm bwbw guridqw Aqy mwqw ikSn kOr (Awp nUM mwqw AnMqI Aqy mwqw bsI vI iliKAw imldw hY) dy Gr 16 jnvrI 1630 dy idn kIrqpur swihb iv~c hoieAw sI[ (gurU) hirrwie swihb dw bcpn kIrqpur iv~c hI bIiqAw[ 1635 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb vI sdw vwsqy kIrqpur swihb Aw gey[ Awp Ajy 8 swl dy sn ik Awp dy ipqw bwbw guridqw jI cVHweI kr gey[ ies mgroN Awp ny Agly 9 swl dw smW Awpxy dwdw (gurU hirgoibMd swihb) jI dI sMgq ivc ibqwieAw[ iesy kr ky Awp dI S^sIAq iv~c gurU hirgoibMd swihb vwlIAW keI ^UbIAW imldIAW hn[ (gurU) hirrwie swihb ny muFlI ividAw BweI drgh m~l qoN hwisl kIqI[ ies smyN dOrwn m`tn (kSmIr) qoN BweI AVU rwm dq (ipqw BweI ikrpw rwm dq) vI keI vwr kIrqpur swihb Aw ky irhw krdy sn[ auh vI gurU hirrwie swihb nUM sMsikRq ivc ilKIAW purwxIAW ikqwbW dw igAwn idAw krdy sn[ purohq jwqI m~l vI Awp jI dy ausqwdW ivcoN iek sn[

ividAw dy nwl-nwl Awp ny Ssqr clwaux dI isKlweI vI hwisl kIqI[ qyrHW swl dI aumr qk Awp Ssqr Aqy Swsqr dohW dy mwihr ho cuky sn[ kIrqpur swihb Awaux vwlIAW sMgqW gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy nwl-nwl (gurU) hirrwie swihb dI sMgq vI kirAw krdIAW sn[ swrI sMgq Awp dI Azmq ‟qy hYrwn hoieAw krdI sI[ swirAW dw ivcwr sI ik gur-g~dI dy vwirs bxn dIAW ^UbIAW Awp ivc BrpUr sn[

gurU hirrwie swihb sUJ bUJ vwly Aqy jrnYl hox dy nwl-nwl bVy im~Ty, in~Gy, inmrqw vwly Aqy imhrbwn suBwA vwlI S^sIAq vI sn[ Awp dw suBw eynw koml sI ik iek vwr bwZ iv~c sYr kridAW Awp dy coly nwl AV ky iek Pu~l dIAW p~qIAW tu~t ky zmIn ‟qy Aw ifgIAW[ ies nwl Awp audws ho gey[ aus vyly Awp dy dwdw gurU hirgoibMd swihb vI Awp dy nyVy sn[ aunHW ny Awp nUM audws vyK ky ikhw ik p~qIAW muV ky Pu~l dy nwl nhIN lg skdIAW[ ies kr ky ienHW dw iPkr krn dI loV nhIN[ hW ies Gtnw nwl AgoN vDyry sMBl ky clx vwsqy ieSwrw zrUr imldw hY ik ijMnw v`fw colw pweIey EnI hI v`fI izMmydwrI qy sMBwl krnI pYNdI hY[

gurU hirrwie swihb ny ieh is~iKAw p~ly bMnH leI Aqy jdoN gurg~dI sMBwlI qW swrI izMdgI pMQk lihr dI izMmydwrI nUM zbq Aqy sUJ nwl clwieAw[ gurU hirrwie swihb Aksr AwiKAw krdy sn ik Pu~lW ivc vI jwn hY qy ienHW nUM qoVn dI bjwey ienHW dI ^UbsUrqI ‟coN vwihgurU dI mhwn b^iSs dw ivsmwdI AnMd lYxw cwhIdw hY[ auh “pwqI qorY mwilnI, pwqI pwqI jIau…” Sbd vI Aksr duhrwieAw krdy sn[

3 mwrc 1644 dy idn gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny joqI joiq smwaux qoN pihlW

gurg~dI (gurU) hirrwie swihb nUM sONp idqI sI[ BwvyN Awp ny	rsmI qOr qy	ieh
syvw 3 mwrc 1644 nUM sONpI pr gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies dw	ieSwrw iqMn	swl

pihlW, 27 &rvrI 1641 dy idn, hI kr cuky sn ikauNik aunHW ny (gurU) hir rwie swihb dIAW ^UbIAW cMgI qrHW smJ pCwx leIAW sn[ ies vyly gurU jI dI aumr isr& 14 swl sI[

1645 ivc jdoN kihlUr (iblwspur) irAwsq dy rwjw qwrw cMd ny Swhjhwn nUM kr (lgwn) dyxw bMd kr idqw qW 1055 ihjrI (sMn 1645) ivc muZl bwdSwh Swh jhwn dy hukm hyT imrzw Swhru^ dy puqr njwbq ^wn ny iblwspur ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw Aqy ies ‟qy kbzw kr ky qwrw cMd nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky kYd ivc pw idqw[ mgroN gurU hir rwie swihb Qwpl (audoN isrmOr/nwh irAwsq, hux hirAwxw dw iek ipMf) cly gey qy 13 swl auQy rhy[gurU jI kol 2200 GoVy sn ijnHW dy crn vwsqy Qwpl qy ies dy duAwly dw jMgl bhuq munwisb jgh sI[ A`j vI ieh ielwkw jMglI dr^qW nwl BrpUr hY[ mgroN jd qwrw cMd ny tYks Adw kr id`qw qW aus nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw[ ieh g`l „dibsqwn-ie-mzwihb‟ dw lyKk maUbwd zuli&kwr ArdsqwnI (ijs nUM kuJ lok muhsn &wnI vI ilKdy rhy hn) ny (s&w 282 ‟qy) ilKI sI[ ArdsqwnI gurU hrgoibd swihb qy gurU hir rwie swihb jI nUM keI vwr imldw irhw sI qy aus dw gurU jI nwl ^qo-i^qwbq vI cldw rihMdw sI[ iblkul ieho kuJ hI (ArdsqwnI dI ikqwb dw hvwlw dy ky) SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI v`loN CpI ikqwb “ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz AYNf dyAr irlIjn”, ijld pihlI, s&w 189 (fw ikrpwl isMG qy KVk isMG v`loN sMpwidq kIqI) ‟qy iliKAw hoieAw hY[

rwm rwey, bIbI rUp kOr Aqy gurU hrikSn jI dw jnm

1. hrbMs lwl AgnIhoqrI qy cWd rwm AgnI hoqrI (ikqwb „gYdirMg stOrm, guruU hir rwie AYNf ihz tweImz‟, s&w 54) muqwibk gurU hrikSn swihb dw jnm ipMf Qwpl ivc hoieAw sI[ fw. AgnI hoqrI hrI rwm gupqw (ihstrI Aw& d is`K gurUz) dw hvwlw dyNdw hoieAw ilKdw hY ik gurU hr rwie swihb 13 swl nwhn irAwsq (Qwpl ipMf) ivc rhy sn; pr hrI rwm gupqw muqwibk ieh nW nwhn hoxw cwhIdw hY[ hrI rwm gupqw muqwibk: “Sksqw &wrsI ivc ibMdIAW Aqy tyFW kwrn kwiqb ny nwhn nUM Qwpl ilK id`qw sI[ rwjw krm pRkwS dI hdUd (irAwsq( ivc Qwpl nW dI koeI jgh nhIN hY[ ibnw S`k qoN ieh nwhn hY, ijhVI ik isrmOr irAwsq dI rwjDwnI hY[” drAsl hrI rwm gupqw Qwpl ipMf dw Qhu pqw nhIN sn lB sky sn, ies kr ky aunHW ny ies nUM nwhn smJ ilAw sI[

hor vI bhuq swry lyKkW ny vI gurU hir rwie swihb dy Qwpl ivc 13 swl rihx dw izkr kIqw hY[ ieMdU BUSn bnrjI (AYvolUSn Aw& d Kwlsw, ijld dUjI, s&w 48), fw gMfw isMG (ikqwb „mw^iz qvwrI^y is`KW‟, s&w 45), ^uSvMq isMG („ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz‟, ijld pihlI, s&w 64), kinMGm („ey ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz‟, s&w 55) ny vI gurU hir rwie swihb dy Qwpl ivc 13 swl rihx dw izkr kIqw hY[ kinMGm „Qwpl‟ ipMf nUM „tkswl‟ jW „tMgrwl‟ ipMf mMndw hY qy ilKdw hY ik ieh ksOlI dy nyVy hY (hwlW ik ksOlI dy nyVy vI tkswl jW tMgrwl nW dw koeI ipMf nhIN, hW „ktwl‟ nW dy do ipMf zrUr hn, pr auh isrmOr irAwsq ivc nhIN hn)[ auN\ purwxI isrmOr irAwsq ivc A`j vI Qwpl nW dy Gto-Gt do ipMf hn qy iek Qwplpur vI sI ijs dw nW hux Gutnpur hY[

so, ies swrw kuJ qoN koeI S`k nhIN rih jWdw ik gurU hr rwie swihb 1645 qoN 1657 qk Qwpl ipMf (isrmOr/nwhn irAwsq) ivc rhy sn[ ies kr ky gurU hr rwie swihb dy iqMnW b`icAW rwm rwie (24 &rvrI 1646), bIbI rUp kOr (9 ApRYl 1649) Aqy gurU hrikSn jI (17 julweI 1652) dw jnm Qwpl (isrmOr/nwhn irAwsq, iklHw lohgVH zon) dw hI bxdw hY[drAsl kuJ lyKkW kol 1645 qoN 1657 qk dI qvwrI^ nwl sbMDq sm`grI nw hox kr ky, Aqy Qwpl ipMf dw pqw nw lg skx kr ky aunHW ny, ibnw Koj kIiqEN hI, gurU hr rwie swihb dy b`icAW dw jnm kIrqpur ivc hoieAw hI ilK id`qw sI[ (ienHW ny qW gurU hrikSn jI dw jnm vI 1656 ivc ilK id`qw sI)[

gurU jI dI Qwpl qoN kIrqpur swihb vwpsI

gurU jI 26 swl dI aumr ivc 1657 ivc Qwpl qoN kIrqpur swihb vwips Awey qy ie`QoN auh pMjwb ivc v`K-v`K QWvW ‟qy Drm prcwr dy dOry ‟qy jWdy rhy[ auh 1659-60 dy kuJ mhIny kSmIr dy dOry ‟qy vI rhy qy 1660-61 dw smW auh kIrqpur ivc hI rhy[

kIrqpur Aw ky Awp ny iek iklHw bxvwieAw sI, ijs dw hux vjUd nhIN hY[ ies dw izkr gxySw isMG bydI ilKq „SSIbMs ibnod‟ ivc imldw hY[ svrUp isMG kOiSS (sMpwidq ig. grjw isMG qy ipAwrw isMG pdm) „gurU kIAW swKIAW‟ ivc swKI s`q qoN swKI 16 qk qy swKIAW 19 qy 21 Awid ivc vI kot grU hr rwie dw izkr AwauNdw hY[

kIrqpur ivc Awp ny iek ^UbsUrq bwZ vI lgvwieAw sI[ ies ivc Awp ny qrHW qrHW dy &l, &u~l qy jVHIAW-bUtIAW lgvweIAW[ iek irvwieq muqwibk Awp ihkmq Aqy dvweIAW bwry ^ud vI jwxkwrI rKdy sn (jo ik Awp ny Qwpl rihidAW hwisl kIqI sI) Aqy keI vYd vI Awp kol kIrqpur ivc rihx lg pey sn jo jVIAW bUtIAW dy bVy mwihr sn[ iek irvwieq muqwibk Awp dy bwg ivc pYdw hoeIAW jVHIAW bUtIAW dI vrqoN nwl hI Swhjhwn bwdSwh dy v~fy puqr dwrw iSkoh dI iek purwxI bImwrI TIk hoeI sI[

gurU hirrwie swihb dy Drm prcwr dOry

1657 ivc kIrqpur swihb muVn qoN mgroN gurU hirrwie swihb krqwrpur (jlMDr), goieMdvwl, frolI BweI (izlw mogw), kurUkSyqr Aqy keI hor bhuq swrIAW QWvW ‟qy gey sn[ ienHW dOirAW dOrwn auh mwJw, duAwbw Aqy mwlvw dy bhuq swry ipMfW ivc gey[ ienHW ivcoN bhuqIAW jgHw ‟qy aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwry bxy hoey hn[ gurU swihb dy kuJ prcwr dOry ies qrHW jwpdy hn:

• kIrqpur swihb qoN ropV, lihl klW, bjrOV (hrIAW vylW), huiSAwrpur, frOlI, jlMDr, krqwrpur[
• kIrqpur, rwhoN, i&lOr, nUrmihl, puAwdVw, isDvW, mogw, frolI BweI, BweI rUpw, nQwxw, zYd prwnw, mihrwj, jsvwl BweI ky, swnHyvwl, smrwlw, mwCIvwVw, cmkOr, ropV, kIrqpur[
• goieMdvwl qoN qrnqwrn, AMb mwVI (mIAW dI mOV), lwhOr qy iPr vwips goieMdvwl[
• kIrqpur, kotlw inhMg ^wn, pMjoKVw, iphovw, kurUkSyqr (Qwnysr)[
• goieMdvwl, jlwlpur j~tW, dburjI, glotIAW Kurd, isAwlkot, sRI ngr, mtn, tWfw lubwxw, AKnUr, jMmU, rwmgVH, sWbw, pTwnkot, huiSAwrpur, kIrqpur[
• kIrqpur, guxwcOr, rwhoN, plwhI, PgvwVw, hdIAwbwd, nkodr, sulqwnpur, bkwlw, AMimRqsr[

ienHW dOirAW dOrwn gurU swihb dw myl mMjIdwrW, msMdW Aqy keI Aihm is~K prvwrW nwl hoieAw ijnHW iv~c hyT ilKy vI Swiml sn: BweI ibMJU, ibMdw, gwjr qy GVIAw (ropV nyVy kotlw inhMg ^wn ivc), BweI suKIAw, cODrI sUd (nUrmihl ivc), BweI rUp cMd (ipMf BweI rUpw ivc), ikrpwl, ibDI cMd (jrnYl nhIN, dUjw), BweI qwrw qy gurdws (BweI bihlo dy pu`qr), ibhwrI (frolI BweI qy BweI rUpw ivc), zYd prwnw qy kOVy Aqy Bulr prvwr (nQwnw ivc), cODrI kwlw, sMdlI Aqy PUl (PUlkIAW bMs dw moFI) qy hor (mihrwj ivc), BweI sMgqIAw (mIAW kI mOV, lwhOr izlHw ivc), BweI sblw (jlwlpur j~tW ivc), BweI pdmw cOhwn, durgw dws cOhwn (dburjI audY krn vwlI ivc), BweI kIrqIAw (glotIAW Kurd ivc), BweI nMd lwl (dwdw vIr hkIkq isMG) qy purI prvwr (isAwlkot ivc), BweI m`Kx Swh lubwxw (motw tWfw ivc), BweI AVU rwm d`q (m`tn ivc), bIbI srsvqI qy BweI gOqm iCbr dw prvwr (kiVAwlw, izlHw ijhlm ivc) Aqy keI hor[

gurU hirrwie swihb krqwrpur (jlMDr) qW keI vwr gey sn[ krqwrpur ivcly gMgsr vwly KUh Aqy srovr nUM Awp ny hI p~kw krvwieAw sI[ krqwrpur ngr gurU Arjn swihb ny vswieAw sI Aqy ieh swrw ngr is~KW dI jwiedwd sI[ krqwrpur jwx smyN Awp &gvwVw, puAwdVw, nUrmihl, nkodr, sulqwnpur Aqy ies rUt dy keI ipMfW ivc gey Aqy sMgqW nUM drSn id~qy[ ies purwxI jrnYlI sVk ‟qy keI ipMfW iv~c gurduAwry bxy hoey hn[ duAwby dy ies ielwky qoN ielwvw Awp keI vwr mwlvy ivc vI gey[ mwlvy iv~c frolI (hux frolI BweI) Awp dy ipqw dI mwsI dw ipMf sI[ Awp dy ipqw bwbw gurid~qw jI dw jnm iesy ipMf iv~c 1608 ivc hoieAw sI[ frolI qoN ielwvw Awp BweI rUpw dy ipMf, nQwnw Aqy bwbw mihrwj dy bMnyH ipMf mihrwj ivc vI gey[ ies qoN ielwvw mogw qy zIrw ivc vI Awp ny sMgqW nUM drSn id~qy[ zIrw qoN Awp hrIky huMdy hoey qrnqwrn Aqy goieMdvwl gey sn[ goieMdvwl ivc qW Awp keI vwr gey sn qy auQy keI-keI h&qy rukdy vI sn[ Awp pMjwb dy hor ielwikAW qoN ielwvw jMmU Aqy kSmIr ivc vI gey sn[

gurU swihb dOlovwl (iek iklHw bxwieAw hoieAw sI), rweypur swnI, mlyV, bVUvwl, Swhpur Aqy cnOlI ivc vI Aksr jWdy rihMdy sn[ cnOlI ivc Awp ny Awpxy GoiVAW vwsqy iek v~fw Asqbl vI bxwieAw hoieAw sI[

prvwr
gurU hirrwie swihb dw ivAwh 14 jnvrI 1640 dy idn ArUp ngr (izlw gujrWvwlw) dy BweI dieAw rwm dI bytI sul~KxI nwl hoieAw sI[ Awp dy ivAwh vyly bIbI sulKxI dI aumr isr& 10 swl sI[ ies mgroN BweI dieAw rwm ArUp ngr C~f ky ipMf kot kilAwxpur (nyVy kIrqpur) Aw visAw[ bIbI sul`KxI dw muklwvw do swl bwAd, 16 jUn 1642 dy idn toirAw igAw sI[ ies qoN pOxy do swl mgroN gurU hirgoibMd swihb joqI-joiq smw gey Aqy Awp nUM gurg~dI sONp gey[ 3 mwrc 1644 dy idn jd Awp ny gurg~dI sMBwlI qW Awp dI aumr 14 swl 2 mhIny 13 idn sI[

gurU hirrwie swihb dI pqnI bIbI sul`KxI dy mwpy ikauNik kot kilAwxpur ivc rihx l~g pey sI, ies kr ky aus nUM „kot kilAwxI‟ vI AwKdy sn[ bIbI sul`KxI ny 24 PrvrI 1646 dy idn rwmrwie, 9 ApRYl 1649 dy idn rUp kOr Aqy 20 julweI 1652 dy idn (gurU) hirikSn swihb nUM jnm idqw[ iqMn b~icAW dI mW hox kr ky Awp nUM Awp dI s~s „iqrbYxI‟ AwK ky vI bulwieAw krdI sI[ ie`Qy ieh izkr krnw vI zrUrI hY ik iek do lyKkW ny Awp dy s~q ivAwh vI ilK id~qy hn, jo nw isr& glq hY blik hwsohIxw vI hY[ koeI vI bwp iek 10 swl dy bwl (gurU dI AOlwd hI shI) nwl s~q DIAW dw ivAwh nhIN kr skdw[ auN\ ieh nwmumikn vI hY[ ies ihswb nwl qW sB qoN CotI (sqvIN) kuVI qW Ajy god iv~c hI KyfdI hovygI[ is~K qvwrI^ iv~c AijhIAW Zlq g~lW keI QWeIN BrIAW peIAW hn[

dwrw iSkoh dI bZwvq qy gurU swihb

1657 iv~c id~lI qy Awgry dy qKq ‟qy muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn bYTw hoieAw sI[ Swhjhwn cwhuMdw sI ik aus mgroN aus dw sB qoN v~fw pu~qr dwrw iSkoh muZl slqnq dw bwdSwh bxy[ dUjy pwsy Swhjhwn dw dUjw bytw AOrMgzyb vI q^q ‟qy kbzw krnw cwhuMdw sI[ AOrMgzyb cwlwk qW sI hI qy aus ny q^q hwisl krn vwsqy pihlW qoN hI soc riKAw sI, ies kr ky aus ny bhuq swrI injI v&wdwrI vwlI &Oj vI iqAwr kIqI hoeI sI[ aus ny jYpur Aqy joDpur dy rwjpUq rwijAW nwl vI gMF-sMF kIqI hoeI sI qy auh vI aus dI mdd krn vwsqy iqAwr bYTy sn[ jd Swhjhwn ny dwrw iSkoh nUM Awpxw vwirs AYlwn kr idqw qW AOrMgzyb &Oj lY ky q^q ‟qy kbzw krn vwsqy cl ipAw[ aus dI lVweI Awpxy bwp dI &Oj (ijs dI kmwn dwrw iSkoh kol sI) nwl hoeI[ 29 meI 1657 dy idn SwmUgV ivc hoeI lVweI ivc AOrMgzyb dIAW &OjW nUM ijq hwisl hoeI[ dwrw iSkoh hwr ky lwhOr v~l dOV igAw[ dwrw iSkoh dI hwr nwl Swhjhwn dw idl tu~t igAw[ ies dy nwl hI AOrMgzyb ny Awpxy bwp nUM kYd vI kr id`qw[ kYd ivc auh sdw vwsqy ibsqry ‟qy hI pY igAw[ 6 sqMbr 1657 dy idn aus nUM iek mwnisk bImwrI ny Gyr ilAw[ (Swhjhwn dI mOq 9 swl mgroN, 1666 ivc, AOrMgzyb dI kYd ivc hI hoeI sI)[

lwhOr ivc jwx vyly dwrw iSkoh pihlI julweI 1658 dy idn ibAws dirAw dy kMFy ‟qy pujw[ aus vyly gurU hirrwie swihb vI goieMdvwl ivc hI sn[ aunHW nwl 2200 GoVsvwr Aqy sYNkVy hor &OjI vI sn[ dwrw iSkoh ny aunHW qoN mdd mMgI[ dwrw iSkoh dy gurU swihb nwl pihlW qoN hI bVy nyVly sMbMD sn[ aunHW aus dI mdd krn dw XkIn dvwieAw[ 3 julweI nUM dwrw iSkoh lwhOr puj igAw[ auDr AOrMgzyb dI &Oj, jYpur dy rwjw jY isMh imrzw dI AgvweI hyT mwro-mwr krdI hoeI dwrw iSkoh dw ip~Cw kr rhI sI[ AOrMgzyb dI ByjI &Oj ny goieMdvwl dy p~qx qoN ibAws dirAw pwr krnw sI[ gurU hirrwie swihb ny dirAw dIAW swrIAW byVIAW nUM lihMdy pwsy v~l rokI r~iKAw[ ies kr ky AOrMgzyb dIAW &OjW nUM dirAw pwr krn iv~c kw&I dyr l~g peI[ gurU swihb dw iKAwl sI ik ies dOrwn dwrw iSkoh AwpxI qwkq vDw leygw Aqy AOrMgzyb dI &Oj nUM hrw skygw[ dwrw iSkoh fyF mhInw lwhOr irhw[ pr auh AOrMgzyb dI &Oj dw mukwblw krn vwsqy iqAwr nw ho sikAw[ jd aus nUM ieh pqw lgw ik AOrMgzyb dI &Oj dI AgvweI rwjpUqW kol hY qW aus dy hOsly hor vI ifg pey[ 18 Agsq nUM auh lwhOr qoN mulqwn v~l dOV igAw[ 19 Agsq nUM AOrMgzyb dI &Oj ny lwhOr qy kbzw kr ilAw[

gurU hirrwie swihb ny dwrw iSkoh nUM &OjI mdd dw vwAdw kIqw hoieAw sI[ pr jd aunHW vyiKAw ik dwrw iSkoh ivc jMg dI jurAq nhIN qW Awp ny &Oj nUM vwips kIrqpur swihb Byj idqw[ gurU swihb dw AMdwzw TIk inkilAw[ dwrw iSkoh sihm Aqy kmzorI kwrn lVweI krnoN B~j igAw qy mgroN igR&qwr ho igAw[ AOrMgzyb dy hukmW hyT 30-31 Agsq 1659 dy idn aus dw isr k~t ky aus nUM ^qm kr idqw igAw[

AOrMgzyb BwvyN 21 julweI 1658 dy idn hI q^q ‟qy bYT igAw sI pr aus ny dwrw iSkoh nUM jwnoN mwr mukwaux qk Awpxy Awp nUM mih&Uz nw smiJAw[ dwry dy kql mgroN AOrMgzyb ny hr aus S^s nUM igR&qwr krnw SurU kr idqw ijs ny dwrw iSkoh nwl KwlI hmdrdI vI kIqI sI[ AOrMgzyb ny ienHW swirAW nUM szwvW idqIAW[ pr, ienHW ivcoN keI Aijhy vI sn ijnHW qoN aus ny isr& v&wdwrI dI ksm lY ky C~f idqw[ AOrMgzyb nUM ienHW idnW ivc hI gurU hirrwie swihb dy i^lw& iSkwieq vI imlI[ aus ny gurU swihb nUM vI drbwr ivc bulwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[

ies vyly gurU hirrwie swihb kIrqpur swihb qy goieMdvwl swihb qoN huMdy hoey ipMf jlwlpur j~tW gey hoey sn[ 1659 dIAW swrIAW grmIAW Aqy brswqW dw smW (cumwsw), julweI qoN AkqUbr qk, Awp jlwlpur j~tW ksby ivc hI rhy[ ie`Qy BweI sblw ny Awp jI nUM bVy ipAwr Aqy Adb nwl riKAw[ cwry mhIny gurU swihb ies ngr iv~c dIvwn sjWdy rhy Aqy sMgqW Awp jI dI isiKAw suxn hwzr huMdIAW rhIAW[ AkqUbr 1659 iv~c dburjI audYkrn vwlI (izlw isAwlkot) dw BweI pdmw cOhwn Awp jI nUM Awpxy ipMf lY igAw[ BweI pdmw cOhwn, aus dw Brw durgwdws qy aunHW dy ipqw kOljI dws, gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy vyly vI drbwrI is~KW iv~c Swiml sn; Aqy gurU swihb ny ies prvwr nUM is~K Drm dy prcwr vwsqy mMjI b^SI hoeI sI[ do ku mhIny BweI pdmw cOhwn dy Gr rihx mgroN Awp glotIAW Kurd dy BweI kIrqIAw dy Gr Aw gey[ hux BweI kIrqIAw dw Gr is~K sMgqW dw sYNtr bx igAw[ Agly iqMn mhIny gurU swihb ieQy drbwr sjWdy Aqy sMgqW nUM is`iKAw dyNdy rhy[ mwrc 1660 iv~c isAwlkot ngr dw BweI nMd lwl purI (ShId vIr hkIkq isMG dw dwdw) gurU jI nUM Awpxy Gr lY igAw[ qkrIbn fyF mhInw gurU hirrwie swihb pMjwb dI ies purwxI rwjDwnI iv~c rhy[ eyQy sMgqW dUr-dUr qoN gurU swihb dy drSnW nUM AwauNdIAW rhIAW[

ApRYl dy SurU ivc BweI m~Kx Swh lubwxw, jo kSmIr dw iek v~fw vpwrI sI, isAwlkot AwieAw[ aus ny gurU hir rwie swihb dy drSn kIqy qy gurU swihb nUM kSmIr dIAW sMgqW nUM drSn dyx vwsqy Arz kIqI[ gurU swihb aus dI Arz mMn ky aus dy kw&ly dy nwl isAwlkot qoN sRIngr v~l cl pey[ 20 ApRYl 1660 dy idn Awp sRIngr ivc sn[ sRIngr qoN Awp mtn huMdy hoey ipMf tWfw lubwxw (ijs nUM iek v~fw ipMf hox kr ky motw tWfw vI kihMdy sn) vI gey Aqy BweI m~Kx Swh lubwxw dy Gr rhy[ aunHW dy huMidAW hI BweI m~Kx Swh dy ipqw BweI dwsw cVHweI kr gey[ aunHW dw sskwr gurU hirrwie swihb ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw[ ieQoN Awp AKnUr, jMmU, rwmgVH, iKrVI, sWbw Aqy pTwnkot huMdy hoey kIrqpur pu~jy[

29 mwrc 1661 dy idn rwjw jY isMh imrzw dw dIvwn prs rwm kIrqpur pu~jw qy AOrMgzyb v~loN drbwr iv~c bulwey jwx dw pYZwm idqw[ gurU swihb ny Awp bwdSwh kol jwx dI bjwie Awpxy v~fy pu`qr rwmrwie nUM dIvwn dy nwl id~lI Byj idqw[ aus nUM “zmwnq” dy qOr ‟qy ByijAw igAw sI[ gurU hirrwie swihb ny rwmrwie dy nwl dIvwn drgh m~l, BweI ibMnw a~upl, BweI drIAw prmwr qy

BweI bihlo dw pu`qr gurdws vI Byjy[	aunHW dy	h`Q	(gurU) gRMQ swihb dw iek srUp
vI  ByijAw  igAw[  rwmrwey  ApRYl  dy	pihly	h&qy	id~lI  pu~jw  qy  cMdrwvl  KyVw

(mOjUdw mjnUM it`lw) ipMf ivc TihrwieAw[ kuJ idn mgroN AOrMgzyb ny rwmrwie nUM drbwr ivc bulwieAw[ AOrMgzyb ny rwmrwie nUM rwjw jY isMh imrzw dy fyry ivc (iek qrHW nwl nzrbMd kr ky) Byj id`qw[

rwmrwie nUM AOrMgzyb dy bulwvy ‟qy aus drbwr ivc hwzrI dyxI ipAw krdI sI[ iek vwr aus ny AOrMgzyb nUM ^uS krn dI koiSS ivc gurbwxI dI iek quk dy mwAny (ArQ) vI bdl ky suxwey[ aus ny “im`tI muslmwn kI pYVy peI GuimAwr…” vwly Sbd dy ArQ krn l`igAW „muslmwn‟ dI QW „byeImwn‟ l&z pw idqw[ AOrMgzyb nUM ieh cwplUsI psMd Aw geI qy aus ny rwmrwie nUM SwbwS idqI[ ies qoN ^uS ho ky AOrMgzyb ny rwmrwie nUM ^Ub eInwm idqw[

jdoN rwmrwie dI ies hrkq dw pqw gurU hir rwie swihb jI nUM lgw qW aunHW ny rwmrwie nUM mUMh nw lwaux dw AYlwn kr idqw[ aunHW aus nUM pYZwm Byj idqw ik auh hux kIrqpur v~l nw Awvy[ ies ‟qy rwmrwie kIrqpur Awaux dI bjwie pihlW qW lwhOr clw igAw Aqy jd is~KW ny aus nUM Adb nw idqw qW auh v~K-v~K QWvW qoN huMdw hoieAw vwips id~lI clw igAw[ AOrMgzyb ny aus nwl hoey slUk nUM swhvyN r~K ky aus nUM dUn dy ielwky ivc Kurv`DI qy Cy hor ipMfW dI jwgIr dy idqI qy nwl hI srkwr v~loN rozInw (roz idqI jwx vwlI rkm) vI nIAq kr idqw[ iek somy muqwibk ieh rkm 500 rupY roz sI (jo shI nhIN jwpdI ikauN ik audoN qW 5 rupY rozInw vI bVI v`fI rkm sI)[

gurU hir rwie swihb ny ies g~l nUM hor vI mwVw AwiKAw qy rwm rwie nwl iblkul sbMD Kqm kr ley[ 6 AkqUbr 1661 dy idn aunHW ny Awpxy in`ky byty (gurU) hrikSn swihb nUM gurg~dI soNp idqI Aqy kIrqpur swihb ivc joqI joiq smw gey[ joqI-joiq smwaux qoN pihlW Awp ny (gurU) hirikSn swihb nUM p~kw kIqw ik auh AOrMgzyb jW iksy vI hwkm nwl kdy vI AsUlW dw smJOqw nw krn[ gurU hirrwie swihb dw sskwr sqluj dirAw dy kMFy mOjUdw pqwlpurI gurduAwry vwlI QW ‟qy kIqw igAw[

gurU hirrwie swihb ny 17 swl 7 mhIny qy 3 idn gurg~dI dI syvw kIqI[ Awp dI kul aumr BwvyN isr& 31 swl qy pMj mhIny hI sI[ pr ikauNik Awp ny AwpxI aumr dy pihly swl vDyry kr ky dwdw, gurU hirgoibMd swihb jI, dI sMgq ivc ibqwey sn[ ies kr ky Awp nUM is`K &ls&w, is`K jIvn-jwc Aqy gurmiq dw BrpUr ielm hwisl sI[ Awp ny igAwn qy Ssqr ividAw dy nwl-nwl ihkmq ivc vI mhwrq hwisl kIqI sI[

gurU hirrwie swihb ny kuJ mugl SihzwidAW Aqy rwjpUq rwijAW dy srdwrW nwl vI bVI nyVqw kwiem kIqI hoeI sI[ hor qW hor muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn dw v`fw pu`qr dwrw iSkoh vI Awp dy murIdW ivc Swiml sI[

Awp ny iek v~fI &Oj nUM vI AgvweI idqI[ Awp dI &Oj ivc 2200 GoV svwr Aqy bhuq swry pYdl &OjI vI sn[ ienHW &OjIAW ivc hornW qoN ielwvw BweI mnI rwm (mgroN BweI mnI isMG), aunHW dy do Brw BweI idAwl dws (ShId 11 dsMbr 1675), BweI jyTw Aqy ShId BweI suKIAw mWfn dy puqr qy poqy vI Swiml sn[ pr Awp ny kdy vI iksy vI mOky ‟qy Awp lVweI krn dI pihl nhIN kIqI[ gurU swihb cwhuMdy sn ik pihlW is~K kOm nUM suc~jy FMg nwl jQybMd kIqw jwey qW jo auh iek v~fI kOmI qwkq bx skx[ pr ies ip~Cy gurU hirrwie swihb dw inSwnw muglW qoN hkUmq Koh ky is~KW nUM srkwr sONpxw nhIN sI[ pihlW vI gurU hirgoibMd swihb v~loN iksy ‟qy vI, kdy vI, koeI hmlw nhIN sI kIqw igAw[ aunHW dIAW swrIAW lVweIAW hmlwvrW qoN is~KW nUM bcwaux vwsqy sn[ „dibsqwny-mzwihb‟ dy lyKk dI gvwhI hY ik auh qW if&YNs vyly vI gu~sy ivc jW bdly dI soc nwl qW ikrpwn vI nhIN sn vrqdy[

gurU hirrwie swihb ny Awpxy kwl ivc is~K Drm dw bhuq pRcwr qy pRswr kIqw[ bhuq swry rwjpUq, (^ws kr ky lubwxy, Xwdv, prmwr — jo vxjwry sn), KqrI qy j~t Awp dI &Oj dw Aqy is~K-BweIcwry dw ih~sw bxy[ Awp ny v~K-v~K ielwikAW ivc is~K sMgqW dy AwpsI sbMDW nUM jQybMd kIqw ijs nwl is~K BweIcwrw iek in~Gy irSqy ivc proieAw igAw[ Awp vyly is~K Drm dy prcwr dy 360 qoN vD kyNdr kwiem ho cu~ky sn[ ienHW swirAW kyNdrW dy muKI mMjIdwr Aqy msMd Aksr gurU swihb dy drbwr ivc Swiml huMdy rihMdy sn[ Awp dy vyly audwsIAW dw bhuqw ih~sw vI is~KI nwl juV igAw Aqy auh vI is~KI dy prcwr qy prswr ivc Aihm rol Adw krdy rhy[ bwbw Almsq, bwlU hsnw, suQrw Swh, Bgq gIr (Bgq Bgvwn) Awp dy muKI pRcwrkW ivc Swiml sn[ iek irvwieq muqwibk Awp vyly iqMn b^iSSW (ijhVIAW mMjIAW qoN v~fw drjw rKdIAW sn) ny prcwr ivc Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ iek irvwiq muqwibk BweI sMgqIAw (puqr BweI ibMnw au~pl) nUM vI mMjI imlI hoeI sI[ BweI sMgqIAw, drAsl, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy vyly is~KI prcwr ivc Swiml hoieAw sI qy auh „BweI PyrU‟ vjoN vDyry jwixAw jWdw sI[ gurU hir rwie swihb vyly is~K Drm prcwr sYNtr mwJw, mwlvw, duAwbw, bwrW qy kSmIr ivc hI nhIN blik id~lI, mOjUdw XU.pI., ibhwr, bMgwl qy Aswm ivc vI kwiem ho cu~ky sn[ „dibsqwn mzwihb‟ dy lyKk muqwibk koeI AYsw ksbw jW ipMf nhIN sI ijs ivc is`K nhIN sn rihMdy[ ieh Awp dw suc~jw jQybMdk ieMqzwm hI sI ik gurU hrikSn swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb v~loN pMjwb, kSmIr qy kwbl vgYrw ivc prcwr dOrw nw kr skx dy bwvjUd vI ienHW ielwikAW dy is~K, msMdW qy sMgqW rwhIN, gurU Gr nwl pUrI qrHW juVy rhy[ 31 swl dI in~kI-jhI aumr ivc joqI-joiq smw jwx dy bwvjUd Awp ny is~K qvwrI^ ivc Aihm rol Adw kIqw[

(fw hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gurU hirikSn swihb

is`K qvwrI^ ivc sB qoN Gt aumr ivc, FweI swl qoN vI Gt dy in`ky ijhy Aihd ivc, iek Aihm rol Adw krn vwly gurU hrikSn swihb sn[ gurU hir rwie swihb dy spu`qr, gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy pVpoqy Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy v`fy Brw bwbw guridqw dy poqy gurU hrikSn swihb dw jnm 20 julweI 1652 dy idn Qwpl ipMf (nwhn isrmOr irAwsq) ivc mwqw sul`KxI dy Gr hoieAw sI (guru hir rwie swihb 1645 qoN 1657 qk Qwpl rhy sn)[ gurU hrikSn swihb gurU hirrwie swihb dy sB qoN in`ky bwl sn[rwmrwie (jnm 24 &rvrI 1648) Aqy bIbI rUp kOr (jnm 9 AprYl 1649) Awp qoN v`fy sn[ 20 julweI dy 1652 dy idn ibkrmI sMmq dI swvn vdI sMmq 1709 sI[ kuJ ikqwbW ivc Awp dw jnm 1656 ivc iliKAw imldw hY[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik Awp nUM “bVI hI in`kI aumr ivc mhwn hsqI” swibq krn vwsqy Asl aumr qoN vI Cotw iliKAw igAw hovygw[

gurU hrikSn swihb ny AwpxI swrI aumr (Aw^rI kuJ idn C`f ky) Qwpl Aqy kIrqpur swihb ivc hI ibqweI[ Awp ny AwpxI pVHweI dIvwn drgh m`l, BweI AVU rwm d`q (ipqw BweI ikrpw rwm) Aqy BweI ibMnw au~pl (ipqw BweI PyrU) dI ingrwnI hyT hwisl kIqI[ Awp ny ies dy nwl-nwl Ssqr clwaux qy GoV-svwrI dI tryinMg vI leI[

rwm rwie dI hrkq: gurU hrikSn swihb 1661 ivc isr& pOxy nON swl dy sn[ ieh auh smW sI jdoN Awp dw v`fw Brw rwmrwie AOrMgzyb dy drbwr ivc hwizr rihMdw sI[ 6 AkqUbr 1661 dy idn jd Awp nUM gurg`dI imlI qW Awp dI aumr isr& 9 swl 2 mhIny qy 16 idn sI[

1657 ivc muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn bImwr pY igAw[ aus ny Awpxy v`fy pu`qr dwrw iSkoh nUM Awpxw vwrs AYlwn kr idqw[ ies ’qy aus dy Coty pu`qr AOrMgzyb ny bZwvq dw AYlwn kr idqw[ A^Ir ies dw &Yslw mYdwny-jMg ivc hoieAw[ 10 meI 1657 dy idn SwmUgVH ivc hoeI lVweI ivc AOrMgzyb jyqU ho inqirAw[ ies mgroN aus ny dwrw iSkoh dy swQIAW Aqy hmdrdW nUM szwvW id`qIAW[ ies islisly ivc aus ny gurU hir rwie jI nUM vI qlb kIqw[ gurU swihb ny Awp bwdSwh kol jwx dI bjwie Awpxy v~fy pu`qr rwm rwie nUM Byj idqw[ rwm rwie ny auQy jw ky AOrMgzyb nUM ^uS krn dI koiSS ivc gurbwxI dI iek quk dy mwAny (ArQ) vI bdl ky suxwey[ AOrMgzyb nUM ieh cwplUsI psMd Aw geI qy aus ny rwm rwie nUM SwbwS idqI[ ies qoN ^uS ho ky AOrMgzyb ny rwmrwie nUM ^Ub eInwm idqw[ jdoN rwm rwie dI ies hrkq dw pqw gurU hir rwie swihb jI nUM lgw qW aunHW ny rwmrwie nUM iqAwg id`qw qW auh vwips id~lI clw igAw qy AOrMgzyb dI pnwh kbUl kr leI (ies bwry qPsIl pihlW Aw cukI hY)[

gurU hrikSn swihb dw id`lI jwxw

6 AkqUbr 1661 dy idn gurU hir rwie swihb joqI-joiq smw gey[ ies vyly rwmrwie id`lI ivc sI[ gurU hir rwie swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux dI ^br sux ky auh kIrqpur pu`jw Aqy gurg`dI ’qy Awpxw h`k ijqwaux dI koiSS kIqI, pr aus dy injI syvwdwrW (gurdws, gurb^S qy qwrw) nUM C`f ky iek vI is`K ny aus dw swQ nw idqw[ A^Ir auh inrwS ho ky id`lI prq igAw[ aus ny id`lI jw ky AOrMgzyb dI mdd hwisl krn dI koiSS kIqI[ pr, AOrMgzyb AwpxI slqnq dy ieMqzwm ivc eynw PisAw hoieAw sI ik auh rwm rwie nUM injI mulwkwq vwsqy smW nw dy sikAw[ rwm rwie dIAW ienHW koiSSW ivc do swl qoN vI vD dw smW bIq igAw[ A^Ir mwrc 1664 ivc rwm rwie nUM AOrMgzyb nwl imlx dw smW iml hI igAw[ rwm rwie ny bVw Awijz ho ky AOrMgzyb qoN mdd mMgI[ AOrMgzyb ny rwm rwie dI mdd dw vwAdw kIqw[ ies sbMD ivc AOrMgzyb ny pihlw kMm gurU hrikSn swihb nUM id`lI sMmn krn dw kIqw[ aus ny gurU jI nUM ilAwaux vwsqy rwjw jY isMh imrzw dy dIvwn prs rwm dI ifaUtI lweI[ prs rwm do swl pihlW vI kIrqpur jw cukw sI[ auh 18 mwrc 1664 dy idn kIrqpur pu`jw Aqy AOrMgzyb dw sunyhw idqw[ sunyhw imlidAW hI gurU swihb ny id`lI jwx ’qy dI iqAwrI SurU kr idqI[ Agly idn gurU jI prs rwm dy ilAWdy rQ qy svwr ho ky id`lI vl nUM cl pey[ gurU jI dy nwl dwdI bsI, mwqw sul`KxI, dIvwn drgh m`l, BweI drIAw prmwr, BweI mnI rwm qy keI hor is`K vI id`lI nUM cl pey[

gurU hrikSn swihb kIrqpur qoN cl ky kotlw inhMg ^wn (ropV), bnUV, rwjpurw qy AMbwlw huMdy hoey pMjoKVw pu`jy[ pMjoKVw ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly qoN sMgq kwiem ho cukI sI[ aunHW mgroN gurU Amr dws swihb qy gurU hrgoibMd swihb vI pMjoKVw Aw cuky sn[ ie`Qy is`KW ny iek Drmswlw vI kwiem kIqI hoeI sI[ gurU hrgoibMd swihb nvMbr 1619 ivc gvwlIAr qoN vwpsI smyN iesy Drmswlw ivc rhy sn[ ie`Qy pujidAW gurU hrikSn swihb nUM pqw lgw ik kwbl qoN kuJ sMgqW aunHW nUM imlx vwsqy Aw rhIAW hn[ ieh is`K pihloN kIrqpur swihb gey sn ij`Qy aunHW nUM gurU jI dy id`lI rvwnw hox dw pqw lgw sI[ auh gurU jI dy ip`Cy-ip`Cy pMjoKVw qk cly Awey sn[ gurU swihb ienHW is`KW nUM bVy ipAwr nwl imly[ mukwmI is`K qkrIbn roz ies QW ’qy iek`Ty hoieAw krdy sn qy gurbwxI gwieAw krdy sn[ bhuq swry ihMdU vI is`KW nwl sMgq kr ilAw krdy sn[ ies nwl bRwhmxW dy jjmwn (client) Gtdy jw rhy sn[ is`KW nwl sMgq krn vwly ihMdU vI hux vrq, sMgrWd, m`isAw, pUrnmwSI, sUqk, mhUrq, X`g vgYrw nUM C`fdy jw rhy sn[ ies kr ky bRwhmx is`KW qoN bhuq Kwr KWdy sn[ pMjoKVw dy iek bRwhmx lwl cMd ny prcwr kIqw hoieAw sI ik auh cwr vydW, Cy SwsqrW, ATwrW purwxW Aqy sqweI isMmRqIAW dw igAwn rKdw hY[ pr, ikauN ik pMjoKVw ivc Awm lokW nUM sMsikRq nhIN AwauNdI sI ies kr ky lok aus dI AslIAq nhIN sn jwx skdy[ (vYsy vI ihMdU smwj ‘c sMsikRq isrP pujwrIAW dy pVy ilKy jwx vwlI SYA sI[ Awm ihMdU nw qW sMsikRq jwxdw sI qy nw Aj jwxdw hY[ sMsikRq kdy vI Awm bol cwl dI bolI ihMdUsqwn ‘c nhIN rhI; dUjw, sMsikRq pVn dw h`k isrP bRwhmx nUM sI ieM\ aus dw Kotw is`kw c`lI jw irhw sI)[

lwl cMd dw mwx qoVnw: jdoN gurU hrikSn swihb pMjoKVw pu`jy qW lwl cMd nUM pqw lgw ik is`KW dw gurU iek in`kw ijhw bwl hY qy aus dI aumr 12 swl qoN vI Gt hY[ bRwhmx ny gurU jI nUM nIvW idKwaux vwsqy iek cwl socI[ auh Awpxy nwl gIqw dI iek poQI lY AwieAw[ auh Aw ky gurU jI dy kol bYT igAw qy aunHW dIAW g`lW suxdw irhw[ kuJ icr mgroN poly ijhy kihx lgw, “gurU jI quhwfw nW hrikSn hY jo Bgvwn ikRSn qoN vI au~cw hY[ aus ikRSn ny gIqw ilKI sI, kI qusIN aus gIqw dy ArQ smJw skdy ho?” gurU swihb nUM aus dI cwl pihloN hI smJ Aw geI sI[ gurU jI muskurw pey Aqy aus nUM disAw ik isr& mYN hI nhIN blik myrw hr is`K gIqw hI nhIN blik hr sMsikRq ikqwb dy ArQ kr skdw hY[ swfw hr is`K sMq, ispwhI qy igAwnI hY[ AsIN zwq-pwq dy ihswb nwl pVHweI nhIN krvwauNdy[ swfy qW bRwhmx, j`t, vYS, SUdr, swry hI gIqw vrgIAW keI ikqwbW pVH cuky hn qy iksy vI ihMdU bRwhmx qoN vDIAw ArQ kr skdy hn[ qusIN iksy is`K dw nW lE, EhI quhwnUM gIqw dy ArQ hI nhIN blik ies dw &ls&w vI smJw skygw[

lwl cMd nUM XkIn nw AieAw ik is`K pMQ dw hr pYrokwr ividAw dw eynw jwxU ho skdw hY[ aus nUM Brm sI ik is`KW nUM qW sMsikRq AwauNdI hI nhIN hoxI[ ieh soc ky aus ny iek mwVy ijhy kpVy vwly, is`Dw-swDw lgdy is`K vl ieSwrw kr ky ikhw, “kI ieh is`K vI gIqw dy ArQ ds skdw hY?” gurU swihb muskurw pey qy aus BweI C`jU rwm nUM ieSwrw kIqw ik auh lwl cMd dI inSw krvw dyvy[ C`jU rwm ny lwl cMd dy cuxy slokW dy invykly ArQ kr ky d`sy[ lwl cMd sux ky dMg rih igAw[ aus ny gIqw dI AijhI pySkwrI v`fy v`fy bRwhmxW koloN nhIN sI suxI[ ies nwl aus dy AMdr dy bRwhmx dw hMkwr tu`t igAw[ aus ny gurU jI dy kdmW ’qy isr JukwieAw Aqy AwpxI hrkq dI muAw&I mMgI[

not: kuJ bRwhmx lyKkW ny ie`Qy vI Gt nhIN kIqI[ aunHW ny gurU jI dy h`Q ivc iek ‘krwmwqI’ sotI PVw idqI qy jd gurU jI ny auh sotI aus C`jU rwm dy isr ’qy rKI qW aus dy mUMhoN gIqw dy ArQ inklx lg pey[ ies ip`Cy aus bRwhmx lyKk dI Srwrq ieh sI ik ieh swibq kIqw jwvy ik C`jU rwm nUM kuJ nhIN sI AwauNdw qy iek ‘jwdU dI sotI’ nwl aus ivc igAwn Aw igAw[ ieho ijhIAW jwdU dIAW g`p khwxIAW ihMdU ikqwbW ivc Awm imldIAW hn[ pr AslIAq ieh hY ik gurU jI dI hdwieq sI ik hr iek is`K vD qoN vD igAwn hwisl kry[ C`jU rwm vI, iJaUr dy Gr jMimAw hoieAw hox dy bwvjUd, sMsikRq dIAW keI ikqwbW pVH cukw sI qy cMgw Awlm &wzl sI[ pr bRwhmx ilKwrIAW ny ies nUM lukwaux vwsqy jwdU dI sotI dI khwxI GV leI[

jd lwl cMd dw vihm dUr ho igAw qW aus ny gurU jI qoN muAw&I mMgI Aqy is`KI ivc Swiml hox dI ^wihS drsweI[ jd gurU jI pMjoKVw qoN kurUkSyqr clx leI iqAwr hoey qW lwl cMd ny vI nwl c`lx dI iejwzq mMgI[ lwl cMd dy nwl BweI C`jU rwm vI gurU swihb dy nwl igAw[ gurU swihb ny kurUkSyqr qoN A`gy jwx l`igAW dohW nUM vwips pMjoKVw jwx vwsqy AwiKAw qy hdwieq kIqI ik auh dovyN rl ky au~Qy is`KI dw prcwr krn[

(lwl cMd ny vwips pu`j ky Drmswlw ivc b`icAW Aqy v`ifAW nUM sMsikRq dI ividAw dyxI SurU kr idqI[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny BweI C`jU rwm koloNN gurbwxI vI pVHnI SurU kr idqI[ hOlI-hOlI auh gurbwxI dw mwihr vI bx igAw)[ BweI lwl cMd ny bVI vfyrI aumr qk is`KI dw prcwr kIqw[ iek lyKk muqwibk lwl cMd cmkOr dI lVweI (7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn) ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ (vDyry vyrvy vwsqy vyKo: lyKk dI ikqwb “gurU dy Syr”)[

gurU swihb id`lI ivc: pMjoKVw, kurUkSyqr Aqy pwnIpq coN huMdy hoey gurU hrikSn swihb id`lI pu`jy[ id`lI ivc auh rwjw jY isMh imrzw dy bMgly (mOjUdw gurduArw bMglw swihb) ivc Tihry[ jY isMh aus vyly d`Kx dw gvrnr sI Aqy aus bMgly ivc aus dI rwxI puSpw vqI qy puqr kMvr rwm isMh rihMdy sn[ puSpw vqI ny gurU swihb dI Azmq prKx vwsqy Awp nOkrwxIAW vwly kpVy pw ley Aqy iek nOkrwxI nUM Awpxy kpVy puAw idqy[ aus ny soicAw ik jy gurU swihb kol rUhwnI igAwn hoieAw qW aus Asl Aqy nkl dI pCwx kr skxgy[

gurU hrikSn swihb ny bMgly ivc phuMcidAW hI rwxI nUM pCwx ilAw[ aunHW aus nUM disAw ik rwxI dy kpVy pihxn nwl nOkrwxI dy ichry ’qy rwxI vwly hwv-Bwv, sMjOdgI, sUJ qy slIkw nhIN Aw skdy qy pihrwvy nwl AMdrUnI ^UbIAW ’qy koeI Asr nhIN pYNdw[ rwxI puSpw nUM gurU jI dIAW g`lW sux ky XkIn ho igAw ik gurU hir rwie swihb ny gurg`dI soc smJ ky idqI sI qy gurU swihb in`kI aumr hox dy bwvjUd sUJ-bUJ Aqy rUhwnIAq nwl lbryz sn[

(gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb nwl mulwkwq: jdoN gurU hrikSn swihb id`lI pu`jy qW aus qoN iek idn mgroN hI (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb vI pUrb dy dOry qoN id`lI muVy sn[ auh idlvwlI muh`ly ivc BweI kilAwxw dI Drmswlw ivc Tihry sn[ ausy Swm aunHW nUM pqw lgw ik gurU hrikSn swihb vI id`lI Awey hoey hn Aqy rwjw jY isMh imrzw dy bMgly ivc Tihry hn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Agly idn, 22 mwrc 1664 nUM, rwjy dy bMgly ’qy gey Aqy gurU hrikSn swihb nwl mulwkwq kIqI[ gurU hrikSn swihb ny aunHW nUM do kU idn au~Qy Tihrn vwsqy AwiKAw[ ieh do idn gurU hrikSn swihb aunHW nwl ivcwrW krdy rhy[ bwbw-poqw ivckwr is`KI dI jQybMdk hwlq, gurg`dI, muZl hkUmq, AOrMgzyb qy is`KI dy Biv`K bwry crcw hoeI[ ies dOrwn (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb ny gurU hrikSn swihb nUM disAw ik AOrMgzyb iek cwlwk bMdw hY Aqy aus nwl mulwkwq vyly bVI cOksI dI loV hovygI[ aus qoN sMBl ky rihxw Aqy aus dw ivswh nhIN Kwxw[ aus qoN iksy vI mwVI g`l dI Aws ho skdI hY[ ies mgroN (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb pMjwb vl nUM cly gey[ aunHW dy turn vyly gurU hrikSn swihb ny aunHW nUM ikhw ik mYnUM ielhwm ho irhw hY ik mYnUM Akwl purK dw bulwvw Aw irhw hY qy jy Aijhw hoieAw qW gurg`dI qusIN sMBwlxI hY[ (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb pihlW qW cup rhy qy iPr ‘jo BwvY krqwr’ AwK ky bkwlw vl nUM cl pey[

AOrMgzyb nwl mulwkwq
AOrMgzyb ny gurU hrikSn swihb nUM 25 mwrc 1664 dy idn mulwkwq vwsqy bulwieAw[ gurU swihb rwjw jY isMh imrzw dy GroN pwlkI ivc svwr ho ky AOrMgzyb dy drbwr ivc lwl iklHw pu`jy[ gurU jI dy nwl aus vyly kMvr rwm isMh imrzw, dIvwn drgh m`l, BweI mnI rwm (mgroN BweI mnI isMG), gurb^S (rwm rwie dw swQI qy aus dw msMd) Aqy kuJ hor is`K vI gey[ ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj ‘B`t vhI qlwauNfw’ ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

“gurU hrikSn jI mhl ATmW, bytw gurU hir rwie jI kw…swl sqrW sY iekIs cyqr mwsy Suklw p`Ky iQq nwmI, gurUvwr ky idMh, svw pihr idn cVHy pwlkI myN svwr hoey, idhlI bwdSwh ky drbwr myN Awey[ swQ dIvwn drgh m`l AwieAw bytw dvwrkw dws kw, kMvr rwm isMh AwieAw bytw jY isMh AMbyrI kw, gurb^S AwieAw bytw bwGy CIpy kw, mnI rwm AwieAw bytw mweI dws jlhwny kw[ hor is`K PkIr Awey[”

AOrMgzyb dy drbwr ivc qlb kIqy lokW dy Awaux vwilAW nUM bYTx vwsqy koeI cIz nhIN sI idqI jwieAw krdI pr gurU hrikSn swihb nUM iek g`dydwr, Swndwr kFweI vwly, au~cy mUVHy ’qy ibTwieAw igAw[ Aijhy mUVHy isr& ieslwm dy v`fy AwgUAW nUM hI idqy jwieAw krdy sn qy iksy ZYr-muslm nUM bYTx dw koeI h`k nhIN sI huMdw[ AOrMgzyb ny gurU swihb dw rsmI Adb-sqkwr kIqw, aunHW dw hwl-cwl pu`iCAw qy Pyr Awpxy Asl mksd v`l Aw igAw[ aus dw pihlw svwl sI:
“rwm rwie quhwfy v`fy Brw hn pr quhwfy ipqw jI ny gurg`dI quhwnUM ikauN idqI?” gurU hrikSn sihb jI ny jvwb idqw, “gurg`dI koeI injI jwiedwd nhIN hY jo v`fy puqr nUM hI imlxI cwhIdI sI[ ieh qW rUhwnI syvw hY[ gurU hir rwie swihb jI ny ijs nUM TIk h`kdwr smiJAw ieh syvw sONp idqI[” ies mgroN AOrMgzyb ny gurU swihb nUM ikhw “gurU hox dy nwqy qusIN krwmwq dI qwkq qy hsqI rKdy ho[ qusIN koeI krwmwq idKwE[” gurU swihb ny aus nUM jvwb idqw, “is`K Drm muqwibk krwmwq idKwxw qW kihr hY[ ieh qW Akwl purK dy hukm qoN vKry c`lxw hY[ swfy Drm muqwibk isr& r`b hI ieko-iek krwmwq hY[ bMdy dI krwmwq aus r`b dw nW jpxw hI hY[” ies mu^qsr jhI mulwkwq mgroN AOrMgzyb ny gurU jI nUM ikhw ik hux auh jw ky Arwm krn qy iek vwr Pyr mulwkwq hovygI[

gurU swihb ’qy cIck dw hmlw Aqy joqI-joiq smwauxw: aunHIN idnIN id`lI ivc cIck dI bImwrI PYlI hoeI sI qy ies bImwrI dy mwrU Asr hyTW bhuq swry lok Aw cuky sn[ gurU swihb pwlkI ivc svwr ho ky lwl iklHw qoN jY isMh imrzw dy bMgly vl jw rhy sn[ rsqy ivc keI &kIr qy hor lok gurU swihb dy drSn krn Aqy iBiKAw mMgx dI soc nwl pwlkI vl nUM vDy[ ienHW iv`coN kuJ cIck dy mrIz vI sn[ ienHW mrIzW dy nyVy Awaux nwl cIck dw Asr gurU swihb ’qy vI ho igAw[ bMgly ivc Awaux swr gurU swihb vI ibsqry ’qy pY gey[ cIck dy nwl hI Awp nUM bu^wr vI ho igAw[ BwvyN rwm isMh imrzw ny vYd bulw ky ielwj krvwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI pr cIck dw zor vDdw hI igAw[ gurU jI dy swry ijsm ’qy cIck PYl geI[ cIck, bu^wr qy id`lI dI grmI nwl gurU jI dw ijsm inFwl ho igAw[ ieh zor cwr idn lgwqwr cldw irhw[ pMjvyN idn gurU jI ny swirAW nUM nyVy bulwieAw qy AYlwn kIqw ik ‘myry jwx dw vkq ho igAw hY[” ies ’qy sMgqW ny pu`iCAw “swnUM iks dy lV lw c`ly ho? (Xwin nOvyN gurU swihb kOx hoxgy?)[” gurU jI ny m`Dm jhI Awvwz ivc jvwb id`qw,“swfy ip`Cy gurg`dI ’qy bwby bkwly vwly hoxgy[ dIvwn jI myry ip`CoN aunHW nUM gurg`dI dI izMmydwrI sONp Awauxw[ auhI gurU nwnk swihb dI nOvIN joiq hoxgy[” ieh AwKx mgroN gurU jI joqI-joiq smw gey[

gurU jI dw sskwr Bogl ipMf ivc, jmnw dirAw dy kMFy ’qy, kIqw igAw[ jY isMh imrzw dy bMgly ivc (guru) gRMQ swihb dw srUp ilAw ky Bog pwieAw igAw[ BweI gurdws (puqr BweI bihlo), dIvwn drgh m`l, munSI kilAwx dws Aqy BweI mnI rwm ny swrw pwT kIqw[ do kU h&qy mgroN (guru) gRMQ swihb dy pwT dw Bog ipAw[ mgroN 11 Agsq 1664 dy idn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI nUM bkwlw ivc jw ky gurg`dI sONpx dI Ardws ivc Swiml hox vwsqy ieh swry qy kuJ hor drbwrI is`K vI gey[

bMglw swihb dy pwxI dI khwxI
qkrIbn 50 kU swl pihloN bRwhmxW ny gurduAwrw bMglw swihb ivcly KUh dy pwxI bwry iek krwmwq dI khwxI GV leI qy ieh prcwr SurU kr idqw ik ies pwxI ivc ZYbI qwkq hY[ A&sos dw mukwm ieh hY ik bysmJ is`K lIfrW ny vI ies nUM smJy ibnW hI ieh mnmiq vwly prcwr kbUl kr ilAw hwlW ik AOrMgzyb nwl mulwkwq smyN gurU sihb ny Sry-Awm ikhw sI is`K Drm krwmwq dy dMB nUM r`d krdw hY[ ieh bhwnw lwauxw ik gurU jI ny ie`QoN pwxI Br-Br ky lokW nUM ipAwieAw sI ies kr ky ieh “piv`qr” hY qy AKOqI-AMimRq jW pRSwd vjoN ilAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ pihlI g`l, ieh glq hY ik gurU jI ie~QoN lokW nUM pwxI ipAwieAw krdy sn qy ies nwl aunHW nUM mrIzW qoN cIck ho geI sI[ ieh TIk hY ik gurU jI dIn duKIAW dI mdd krn ivc XkIn rKdy sn Aqy hr vyly aunHW dI BlweI ivc ih`sw pwaux vwsqy iqAwr rihMdy sn[ pr ies KUh qoN pwxI ipAwaux dI g`l Zlq hY[ ieh rwjw jY isMh imrzw dw bMglw (mhl) sI qy ies QW ’qy mrIzW dw dw^lw nwmumikn sI[ dUjw ies ielwky ivc Awm lokW dy Gr nhIN sn qy bImwrW qy mMgiqAW dy iek`TW dw ie`Qy hoxw JUTI khwxI hY[ drAsl gurU swihb nUM cIck dI bImwrI dy jrwsImW ny lwl iklHy qoN inkl ky bMglw swihb v`l AwauNidAW GyirAw hovygw ikauN ik aus ielwky ivc lokW dI AwbwdI kw&I sI[ Asl id`lI iehI Swhjhwnwbwd dw ielwkw sI Aqy cIck PYlI vI au~Qy hI sI[

dUjw, ies KUh dy pwxI nUM “AMimRq” AwKxw gurU nwnk swihb dI isiKAw Aqy gurbwxI qoN mUMh moVnw hY[ is`K Drm ivc “AMimRq” gurU dI bwxI nUM ikhw igAw hY[ ies bwxI nUM smJxw Aqy rUh ivc smwauxw hI “AMimRq Ckxw” hY[ pMj ipAwirAW v“loN CkweI jwx vwlI “KMfy dI pwhul” nUM vI kuJ lok “AMimRq” AwK dyNdy hn (qy hux ieh l&z kuJ vDyry hI vriqAw jwx lg ipAw hY)[

gurU hrikSn sihb dI S^sIAq: gurU hrikSn swihb ies &wnI dunIAW ivc ijsmwnI qOr ’qy isr& 11 swl 8 mhIny Aqy 10 idn hI rhy sn[ ies ivcoN isr& 2 swl 5 mhIny qy 24 idnW aunHW dw gurg`dI dw smW bxdw hY[ ies smyN dOrwn aunHW ny gurU Gr dw Dwrimk, smwijk qy jQybMdk ieMqzwm kIqw[ aunHW vyly ZznI qy kwbl qoN lY ky Aswm qk pUrb ivc, jgn nwQ purI qk d`Kx ivc Aqy burhwnpur qy ibdr qk p`Cm ivc is`KI &YlI hoeI sI[ ieh is`KI gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly qoN, ipCly fyF sO swl qoN vD smyN ivc, iek BweIcwrw bx cuikAw sI[ sMgqW dUr-dUr qoN kIrqpur AwauNdIAW rihMdIAW sn[ ij`Qy aunHW dI ruhwnI Bu`K dUr krnI huMdI sI au~Qy aunHW vwsqy lMgr Aqy irhwieS dw ieMqzwm vI gurU hrikSn swihb dI dyK-ryK ivc huMdw sI[ gurU hrikSn swihb nUM rUhwnI, BweIcwrk, mwlI qy jQybMdk rol vI Adw krnw pYNdw sI[ ies dI tryinMg gurU swihb ny Awpxy ipqw gurU hir rwie swihb qoN hwisl kIqI sI[ gurU swihb kol 2200 GoVy qy &OjW vI sn[

gurU hrikSn swihb bcpx qoN hI gurbwxI qy duinAwvI ividAw dy bVy pRymI sn[ aunHW dw hukm sI ik hr iek is`K BwvyN auh iksy vI brwdrI ivc jMimAw hovy, aus nUM vD qoN vD ividAw imlxI cwhdI hY[ (pMjoKVw dw BweI C`jU ies dI zwhrw imswl sI)[ gurU swihb ny gurbwxI dIAW keI poQIAW Aqy (gurU) gRMQ swihb dy keI srUp iqAwr krvw ky v`K-v`K ielwikAW dIAW sMgqW nUM phuMcwey sn[

gurU hrikSn swihb bVy nrm, inmr, sMjIdw Aqy sUJvwn hsqI sn[ auh kdy vI gu`sy ivc nhIN sn AwauNdy[ aunHW dI bolI ivc inmrqw, imTws qy hlImI BrI hoeI sI[ auh hr kMm sihj nwl krdy sn Aqy kdy vI kwhlI Aqy iKJ nhIN sn zwihr krdy[ AOrMgzyb nwl aunHW dI mulwkwq dOrwn aunHW dw vqIrw iek isAwxy bzurg vrgw sI[ gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwl gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM sONpx dw &Yslw vI aunHW dI isAwxp Aqy sUJ v`l ieSwrw krdw hY[ gurU hrikSn swihb dy suBwA ivc Tihrwau vI sI[ rwmrwie dIAW swizSW dy bwvjUd gurU swihb kdy vI gu`sy ivc nhIN sn Awey qy nw hI aus dy i^lw& kdy koeI jvwby-Aml (reaction) idKwieAw sI[

gurU hrikSn swihb nUM gurmiq dw vI mukMml ielm sI[ AOrMgzyb dy mMg krn dy bwvjUd aunHW ny koeI krwmwq idKwaux qoN sw& nWh kr idqI sI qy ikhw sI ik is`KI ivc krwmwq kihr dw nW hY[

gurU swihb infr qy dlyr vI sn[ jdoN AOrMgzyb dy sMmn pu`jy qW gurU swihb fry jW Gbrwey nhIN blik AYnI v`fI duinAwvI qwkq, &Oj Aqy slqnq dy mwilk nwl crcw krn vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ iPr auh rwm rwie v`loN kuJ msMdW nUM Awpxy nwl rlw ley jwx dy bwvjUd foly nhIN[

gurU swihb mnoivigAwn dy vI mwihr sn[ jd rwxI puSpw dyvI ny gurU sihb dI prK krnI vwhI qW aunHW pl Jpkx dy smyN ivc hI rwxI qy golI dI Snw^q kr idqI sI[

gurU swihb lokweI vwsqy drd Aqy qrs dw jzbw vI rKdy sn[ jd Awp AOrMgzyb nUM imlx mgroN lwl iklHw qoN rwjw jY isMh imrzw dy bMgly vl jw rhy sn qW rwh ivc kohVI, cIck dy mrIz qy mMgiqAW v`loN nyVy Awaux dy bwvjUd aunHW ny n&rq dw iezhwr nhIN kIqw blik hmdrdI qy ipAwr idKwieAw (ieh vKrI g`l hY ik ies nwl auh Awp vI cIck dI mwr hyT Aw gey)[

kul imlw ky gurU hrikSn swihb dI S^sIAq ivc auh swrIAW ^UbIAW sn ijhVIAW gurg`dI dy shI vwirs ivc hoxIAW cwhIdIAW sn[ iesy kr ky pMjoKVw dy bRwhmx lwl cMd hI nhIN blik AOrMgzyb nUM vI mMnxw ipAw sI ik gurU hr rwie swihb ny gurg`dI shI h`kdwr nUM hI id`qI sI[ aunHW dy mukwbly ivc rwmrwie cwlwk, byeImwn, cwplUs, smJOqw-krU, lwlcI, ^udZrz, swzSI Aqy DVybwz sI[

gurU hrikSn swihb guldwaudI (LILY) Pu`l vWg sn jo is`KI dy bgIcy ivc QoVHI dyr vwsqy hI nzr Awey pr AwpxI Aimt Cwp C`f gey Aqy dunIAW dI qvwrI^ dy Awsmwn ivc cmkdy isqwry vWg A`j vI cmk rhy hn[ aunHW dI izMdgI ies g`l dw sbUq hY ik ijsmwnI aumr iksy dI mhwnqw dw pYmwnw nhIN ho skdI[ koeI bMdw 100 swl dw ho ky vI bymwAnw ho skdw hy qy koeI 8-9 swl dI aumr ivc vI kmwl kr skdw hY[

gurU swihb bwry kuJ swKIAW dw s`c: gurU hrikSn swihb bwry keI JUTIAW Aqy Ais`K swKIAW bxweIAW geIAW hn[ ieh swKIAW aunHW bRwhmx lyKkW ny ilKIAW sn jo gurU swihb nUM krwmwqI bxwauxw cwhuMdy sn[ ieM\ hI iek A`D swKI aunHW nUM “in`kI aumr ivc mhwn” swibq krn vwsqy vI GVI geI sI (ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik gurU hrikSn swihb mhwn qW sn hI pr swKI GVn vwly ny ies nUM g`p qy krwmwq rwhIN swibq krn dI koiSS kIqI sI)[ hyTW kuJ swKIAW dw s`c pyS krn dI koiSS kIqI hY:

*kuJ lokW ny ieh prcwrn dI koiSS kIqI hY ik gurU hrikSn swihb AOrMgzyb dy drbwr ivc nhIN sn gey[ aus ny AwpxI g`l nUM kwiem krn vwsqy ieh vI kih idqw ik gurU hr rwie swihb joqI-joiq smwaux qoN pihlW gurU hrikSn swihb nUM ieh ‘hdwieq’ dy ky gey sn ik muZl drbwr ivc nhIN jwxw qy bwdSwh nUM ‘drSn nhIN dyxy’[ ieh g`l Zlq hY[ gurU hrikSn swihb 25 mwrc 1664 dy idn AOrMgzyb nUM imlx vwsqy lwl iklHy ivc gey sn[ hor qW hor ies mulwkwq ivc do kU idn bwAd dobwrw imlx dw pRogrwm vI bixAw sI jo gurU hrikSn swihb nUM cIck ho jwx kwrn iv`cy rih igAw[ iek hor idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik ‘gurU jI ny mulwkwq nhIN kIqI’ AwKx vwly lyKk muqwibk gurU swihb AOrMgzyb dy sMmn imlx ’qy id`lI gey zrUr sn pr aunHW mulwkwq nhIN sI kIqI[ bVI AjIb g`l hY! jy gurU swihb ny aus nwl mulwkwq krn qoN nWh krnI sI qW auh aus dy sMmx imlidAW id`lI nUM ikauN tur pey sn? auh qW kIrqpur qoN hI sunyhw Byj skdy sn ‘nhIN mlyC ko drSn dyih hYN’[ ieh g`l AwKx vwsqy guru jI nUM id`lI phuMcwaux dI kI loV sI?

iPr ieh vI Zlq hY ik kdy iksy gurU dI iksy muZl bwdSwh nwl mulwkwq nhIN sI hoeI[ gurU nwnk swihb dI bwbr nwl mulwkwq dw izkr AwauNdw hY (BwvyN qvwrI^I p`KoN ieh TIk nhIN hY), hmwXUM gurU AMgd swihb nUM qy Akbr gurU Amr dws swihb Aqy gurU Arjn swihb nUM goieMdvwl ivc imilAw sI[ clo ie`Qy ieh ikhw jw skdw hY ik ienHW mOikAW ’qy gurU swihb Awp qW imlx nhIN sI gey blik ieh bwdSwh ^ud Awey sn[ pr, dUjy pwsy ieh vI qW shI hY ik gurU nwnk swihb ny dOlq ^wn loDI dI mulwzmq kIqI sI (dOlq ^wn qW bwdSwh nhIN blik Cotw gvrnr sI); gurU rwm dws bRwhmxW dI iSkwieq sbMDI sMmn Awaux kwrn hI Akbr nUM imlx gey sn (BwvyN auh Ajy gurU nhIN sn bxy); gurU Arjn swihb 1606 ivc, gurU hirgoibMd swihb 1613 ivc Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb 1665 ivc igR&qwr kr ky qrqIbvwr jhWgIr, Swhjhwn Aqy AOrMgzyb dy drbwr ivc pyS kIqy gey sn; gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ShIdI qoN pihlW, 11 julweI 1675 dy idn, Awp AOrMgzyb nUM imlx inkly sn; 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq nUM AnMdpur C`fx mgroN gurU goibMd isMG swihb AOrMgzyb nUM imlx vwsqy ipMf kWgV gey sn; 1707 ivc gurU jI dw ^q pVHn mgroN jd AOrMgzyb ny jd AihdIAW nUM ic`TI dy ky gurU goibMd isMG swihb nUM AOrMgwbwd bulwieAw qW gurU swihb aus nUM imlx vwsqy cl pey sn (auN\ qW auh aus nUM imlx vwsqy pihloN ^ud Awp hI inkl cuky sn qy AOrMgzyb v`loN s`dy jwx bwry sunyhw qW aunHW nUM rwh ivc imilAw sI)[ iPr gurU goibMd isMG swihb bhwdr Swh nUM imlx vwsqy Awgry ivc aus dy drbwr ivc gey sn qy iK`lq kbUl kIqI sI[ Xwin gurU sihbwn dIAW bwdSwhW nwl mulwkwqW huMdIAW rhIAW sn qy ies nUM r`d krnw Zlq hY[ auN\ AOrMgzyb nUM imlx kwrn gurU hrikSn swihb dI hsqI jW S^sIAq Gt nhIN jWdI[

*iek hor swKI muqwibk iek vwr jd gurU hrikSn swihb pwlkI ivc svwr ho ky jw rhy sn qW ‘kohV’ dw iek bRwhmx mrIz aunHW dI pwlkI A`gy lyt igAw Aqy qrly lYx l`gw ik myrw kohV dw rog dUr kr idE[ ies swKI dy lyKk muqwibk gurU swihb ny aus nUM Awpxw rumwl idqw Aqy ikhw ik ieh rumwl Awpxy ipMfy ’qy PyirAw kr[ kuJ icr mgroN aus dw kohV dw rog dUr ho igAw[ ieh khwxI gurU swihb dI aumr lukOx, aunHW nUM ZYbI qwkq vwlw rumwl dyx vwlw jwdUgr bxwaux, qy aunHW v`loN krwmwq idKwaux vwsqy GVI geI jwpdI hY[ ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik gurU swihb iek Azmq vwlI hsqI sn pr aunHW ny qW krwmwq idKwaux nUM mu`FoN r`d kIqw sI[

*C`jU rwm iJaUr dI swKI nUM vI bRwhmx-iksm dy ilKwrIAW ny krwmwq vWg pyS krn dI koiSS kIqI hY[ aunHW muqwibk pMjoKVw dw C`jU rwm iek ZrIb iJaUr sI[ auh ieh nhIN dsdy ik C`jU rwm ny iJaUr dy Gr jnm lYx dy bwvjUd pVHweI kIqI sI Aqy aus nUM sMsikRq vI cMgI AwauNdI sI ikauN ik is`K Drm ivc iek iJaUr prvwr jW iek ZrIb Gr ivc jMmx kwrn pVHweI krn ’qy koeI pwbMdI nhIN sI (ijvyN ik ihMdU Drm ivc AKOqI ACUqW ’qy pwbMdI huuMdI hY)[ bRwhmx lyKkW ny C`jU rwm nUM iek nIc AwK ky aus nwl gurU swihb dI sotI Cuhw ky aus dy AMdr “igAwn dwi^l” kIqw hY nw ik aus nUM cMgI pVHweI vwlw mMn ky[ ie`Qy vI bRwhmx ny gurU jI nUM sotI nwl krwmwq idKwauNdw swibq kIqw hY jo ik is`K &ls&y nUM ivgwVn dI swizS hY[

*ieM\ hI id`lI ivc PYlI cIck dOrwn gurU swihb nUM bImwrW ivc dvweIAW vMfdw idKwieAw hY (pqw nhIN audoN gurU jI ny ikhVI &YktrI iv`coN dvweIAW ilAWdIAW sn jW aunHW ny ikvyN iek do idn ivc hI jMgI p`Dr ’qy sYNkVy jW hzwrW mrIzW vwsqy dvweIAW bxvw leIAW sn[ dvweIAW bxwaux dy mwihr vYd jW kMpwaUfr ik`QoN Awey sn qy mgroN ivcwry ik`Qy cly gey sn?)[ ieh lyKk ieh swibq krnw cwhuMdy hn ik jy kr gurU jI cIck dy mrIzW ivc jw ky aunHW dI syvw nw krdy qW aunHW nUM cIck nw huuMdI[ pr aunHW dI ieh g`l vI shI nhIN hY ikauN ik iek pwsy qW auh gurU swihb nUM krwmwq vwlw, rumwl nwl kohV htwaux vwlw swibq krdy hn, pr dUjy pwsy auh gurU jI nUM ^ud nUM cIck dy Asr qoN nhIN bcwA skdy[ ieh AjIb khwxIAW hn[ s`c ieh hY ik gurU swihb iek ienswn sn qy aunHW dw ijsm vI bImwrI PYlx kwrn ies dy jrwsImW (virus) dy Asr hyT Aw igAw[

ies khwxI dw dUjw pihlU ieh hY ik ieh bRwhmxI-soc vwly lyKk bMglw swihb dy KUh dy pwxI nUM AKOqI-AMimRq bxw ky Asl AMimRq (gurbwxI) qoN is`KW nUM htw ky jwdU, krwmwq, mMqr vZYrw vl tornw cwhuMdy hn[ is`K Drm muqwibk iksy KUh, dirAw, bwaulI, srovr dw pwxI AKOqI piv`qrqw nhIN rKdw[ pwxIAW nUM piv`qr bxwaux dI cwl bRwhmx lyKkW v`loN ihMdUAW dy AKOqI ATsT (68) qIrQW dy pwxI dy Brm nwl joVn dI swizS dI iek kVI hY[ ieho ijhIAW keI hor JUTIAW khwxIAW hor gurU sihbwn bwry vI bRwhmx ilKwrIAW ny bxweIAW hoeIAW hn ijnHW rwhIN is`K gurUAW nUM krwmwqI, qWqirk, tUixAW vwly, srwp qy vr dyx vwly swibq krn dI swizS kIqI hoeI hY[

*iek nvyN ‘lyKk’ ny qW ieh vI iliKAw hY ik AOrMgzyb ny gurU hrikSn swihb nUM zihr ipAweI sI ijs nwl aunHW dI mOq ho geI (ies lyKk ny cIck vwlI g`l dw izkr hI nhIN kIqw)[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb

dunIAW Br dI Dwrimk qvwrIK Aqy ShIdIAW dI lVI ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI dI swKI byimswl hY, lwswnI hY qy kmwl hY[ bicqr nwtk dy ilKwrI (ieh ilKwrI gurU goibMd isMG swihb nhIN hn) dy l&zW ivc:

iqlk jM\U, rwKw pRB qw kw[kIno bfo, klU mih swkw[

swDn hyiq, ieqI ijn krI[ sIsu dIAw, pr sI nw aucrI[…

Drm hyiq, swkw ijin kIAw[ sIsu dIAw, pr isrru n dIAw[…

Tikir Poir idlIs isir, pRB pur kIAw pXwn[ qyZ bhwdr sI ikRAw,krI n iknhUM Awn[…

qyZ bhwdr k clq, BXo jgq ko sok[ hY hY hY sB jg Bxo, jY jY jY sur lok[…

dunIAW dI qvwrI^ ivc swry DrmW qy hr iek dy AkIdy dI AwzwdI (Dwrimk XkIn) vwsqy isr& ie`ko-iek Shwdq hoeI hY qy auh hY gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI dI[ ShId hor DrmW ivc vI hooey hn pr aunHW swirAW dI ShIdI isr& injI AkIdy, XkIn qy &lsPy ‟qy Atl rihx kwrx hoeI sI; auh iksy gYr-Drm rKx vwilAW nMU aunHW dw h`k idvwaux vwsqy ShId nhIN sn hoey, Aqy nw hI aunHW dI kurbwnI ip`Cy smu`cI lokweI nMU aunHW dw Dwrimk h`k idvwaux dI soc sI[ ieh vifAweI isr& gurU qyZ bhwdr nMU hI hwisl hY ik aunHW ny dunIAW Br dy lokW nMU Awpxw Drm inBwaux dw h`k idvwaux vwsqy ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ A`j BwvyN XU.AYn.E. qy hor kOmWqrI kwnMUnW ivc ienswn nMU „Drm dI AwzwdI‟ dw h`k idvwaux vwsqy iliKAw hoieAw hY pr ies nMU gurU swihb ny qW 1675 ivc hI AmlI rUp ivc swibq kr ky, ShIdI dy idqI sI[ ieh vKrI g`l hY ik Aihswn-&rwmoS ihMdU m`q vwilAW ny aus mhwn ShId nMU auh mwx nhIN idqw ijs dw auh h`kdwr sI[

gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dw jnm 18 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn mwqw nwnkI Aqy gurU hir goibMd swihb dy Gr, gurU dw c`k (hux AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI (bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW dw, cYptr 9, bMd pihlw)[(ies QW ‟qy gurduAwrw „gurU dy mihl‟ bixAw hoieAw hY)[ kuJ QWeIN Awp dw jnm 1 ApRYl 1621 dw iliKAw imldw hY[ ieh BulyKw ihMdU lyKkW dy prcwr kwrn pYdw hoieAw hY[ ihMdU vihmW muqwibk ibkrmI sMmq dy k`qk dy mhIny ivc jMmx vwlw b`cw jW qW nihS hMudw hY jW auh aucI/v`fI, hsqI nhIN grdwinAw jw skdw[ ies kr ky bRwhmx iksm dy ilKwrIAW ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw jnm k`qk dI QW ivswK mhIny ivc bdl idqw (iehI Srwrq aunHW ny gurU nwnk swihb dy jnm idn nwl vI kIqI qy aus nMU vI k`qk dI pUrnmwSI dI QW ivswK sudI iqMn kr id`qw sI)[

gurU qyZ bhwdr dw bcpn „gurU dw c`k‟ (AMimRqsr) ivc bIiqAw[ Awp ny BweI gurdws, BweI isMGw purohq qy hor ivdvwnW qoN is`K Drm, &ls&y, gurbwxI Aqy qvwrIK dw igAwn hwisl kIqw[ Awp in`kI aumr ivc hI eyny Awlm-&wzl bx gey sn ik gurU hrgoibMd swihb dI ZYr-hwzrI ivc sMgqW Awp qoN kQw suxn lg pYdIAW sn[ isr& ielm hI nhIN blik Awp ny Ssqr clwaux qy GoV svwrI ivc vI mhwrq hwisl kIqI[

CyqI hI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI dI Azmq, aunHW dI S^sIAq qy aunHW dI jvwnI dw crcw hr pwsy PYl igAw[ aunHIN idnI AMbwlw nyVly lKnOr ipMf dy BweI lwl cMd suiB`KI hr swl ivc kuJ mhIny gurU Arjn swihb dy vswey ngr krqwrpur (ijlw jlMDr) ivc vI irhw krdy sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI Aksr krqwrpur AwieAw krdy sn[ iek vwr BweI lwl cMd dI GrvwlI ny mwqw nwnkI (mwqw gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb) kol AwpxI DI gujrI dy (gurU) qyZ bhwdr nwl ivAwh dI g`l CyVI[ mwqw nwnkI jI ny gurU hrgoibMd swihb nwl g`l kr ky ies irSqy nMU mnzUr kr ilAw[ suc`jI bIbI gujrI (jo gurU qyZ bhwdr qoN isr& iek swl CotI sI) dw ivAwh 14 PrvrI 1633 dy idn krqwrpur ivc hoieAw[ ies AnMd kwrj dy mOky qy BweI gurdws, bwbw bu`Fw, BweI b`lU, BweI drIAw, BweI pdmw cOhwn, BweI AVU rwm d`q, BweI kIrq B`t, BweI isMGw purohq, BweI j`gU cohwn, BweI suKIAw mWfn Aqy bhuq swry hor drbwrI is`K hwzr sn[ krqwrpur dI qvwrI^ ny muV ky Aijhw AnMd kwrj kdy nhIN sI dyiKAw ijs ivc eynIAW S^sIAqW Swiml hoeIAW hox[ ivAwh mgroN gurU qyZ bhwdr Aqy mwqw gujrI „gurU dw c`k‟ (AMimRqsr) cly gey[

ivAwh qoN isr& 14 mhIny mgroN, 16 ApRYl 1634 dy idn, Awp dI BYx bIbI vIro dw ivAwh sI[ ies qoN isr& iek idn pihlW mugl &OjW ny gurU dw c`k ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies vyly Awp dI aumr isr& swFy bwrW swl sI[ Awp ny BweI ibDI cMd qy hor jrnYlW nwl rl ky mugl hmly dw ft ky mukwblw kIqw[ Awp ny ies lVweI ivc ^Ub bhwdrI idKweI ijs nMU vyK ky swry lok dMg rih gey[mgroN iksy ilKwrI ny ieh vI ilK idqw ik ies lVweI ivc kmwl dI qyZ vwhux kr ky Awp jI nMU qyZ bhwdr dw iKqwb idqw igAw qy Awp dw nW iqAwg m`l qoN qyZ bhwdr bx igAw[ ieh g`l shI nhIN hY[ B`t vhIAW Aqy hor soimAW muqwibk jnm vyly hI Awp dw nW qyZ bhwdr sI[ Awp dw ieh nW ies kr ky r`iKAw igAw sI ik Awp dy jnm qoN isr& fyF mhIny pihlW hI (3 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn) gurU hir goibMd swihb ny ruhIlw (hux hrgoibMdpur) ivc Bgvwn dws GyrV qy krm cMd (puqr cMdU) vloN ilAWdI muZl &Oj nMU burI qrHW iSksq idqI sI qy ieh Awm crcw sI ik is`K qW qyZ clwaux vwlI bhwdr kOm hn[ auN\ ieh shI hY ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI ny krqwrpur (26-28 ApRYl 1635) dI lVweI ivc vI vD cV ky ih`sw ilAw sI[

krqwrpur dI lVweI mgroN gurU hrgoibMd prvwr sxy kIrqpur cly gey[ 3 meI 1635 qoN mwrc 1644 q`k, 8 swl 10 mhIny, Awp ipqw jI nwl vDyrw smW kIrqpur ivc rhy[ eyQy Awp sMgqW dI syvw vI krdy rhy Aqy keI vwr Sbd dI kQw vI krdy sn[ ivcoN kuJ icr vwsqy Awp bkwlw vI cly gey sn[ bkwlw ivc Awp dy nwnw hrI cMd lMb Aqy nwnI hr dyeI rihMdy sn[ bkwlw vI is`K Drm dy iek pRcwr sYNtr vjoN jwixAw jWdw sI[ jdoN gurU hrgoibMd swihb joqI-joiq smwey qW Awp bkwlw ivc sn[ ^br imlidAW hI Awp mwqw nwnkI Aqy mwqw gujrI nwl kIrqpur pu`jy Aqy Ardws ivc Swiml hoey[ joqI-joiq smwaux qoN pihlW gurU hrgoibMd gurg`dI gurU hirrwie nMU sOONp gey sn[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vDyrw smW kIrqpur nw Tihry qy vwips bkwlw cly gey[ Awp dy nwl hI Awp dI mwqw nwnkI qy pqnI mwqw gujrI vI bkwlw cly gey[ ies smyN dOrwn mwJw, n`kw (rwvI qy JnW dirAwvW ivckwrlw ielwkw) qy poTohwr vgYrw dIAW sMgqW Aksr bkwlw AwieAw krdIAW sn, ijnHW nMU gurU swihb gurbwxI dI kQw qy gurU ieiqhws dI kQw suxwieAw krdy sn[ ies dOrwn Awp kdy-kdy goieMdvwl, gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr), krqwrpur Aqy kIrqpur vI jWdy rihMdy sn[ Agly bwrHW swl (1656 qk) Awp bkwlw ivc hI rhy[

bkwlw ivc Bory ivc qp krn dI AslIAq

is`K ieiqhws ivgwVn vwly kuJ ilKwrIAW ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb bwry iliKAw hY ik auh 1644 qoN 1664 qk (gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux qoN gurg`dI imlx q`k) 20 swl bkwlw ivc “Bory ivc bYT ky qp” krdy rhy sn[ iek ilKwrI ny qW ieh smW 25-26 swl vI iliKAw hY[ drAsl ienHW ilKwirAW nMU ies smyN dy is`K qvwrI^ bwry smgrI nhINN sI l`BI qy aunHW ieh XbHlI mwr ky hI ies smyN dy K`py nMU pUrw krn dI KwihS nwl ieh Zlq ibAwnI kr idqI ik gurU swihb Bory ivc luk ky qp krdy rhy sn[ pihlI g`l qW gurU swihb ies smyN ivcoN isr& bwrHW swl bkwlw ivc sn Aqy A`T swl qW auh pUrb (Aswm, bMgwl, ibhwr) qy au~qr pRdyS ivc Drm prcwr krdy rhy sn[ dUjw, aunHW dw bkwlw ivc rihx dw swrw smW vI mwJy ivc Drm prcwr dw vylw sI[ qIjw, AKOqI–qp`isAw

jW Bory ivc luk ky qp krnw isK &ls&y dy mu`FoN hI ayult hYY:
ikAw jpu ikAw qpu ikAw bRq pUjw]	(gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 324)
ikAw jpu ikAw qpu sMjmo, ikAw brqu ikAw iesnwnu]		(s&w 337)
jMgl ivc jwxw, jog, sMinAws jW AKOqI qp dy hor frwmy gurU qyZ bhwdr
swihb ny qW Kud AwpxI bwxI ivc hI r`d kIqy hoey hn:
kwhy ry bn Kojn jweI[
srb invwsI sdw Alypw qohI sMig smweI[		(s&w 684)
jogI jMgm Aru sMinAws[ sB hI pir fwrI ieh Pws[		(s&w 1186)

mn ry gihE nw gur aupdysu[

swry gurU swihbwn ny AKOqI qp nMU pwKMf AwK ky r`d kIqw hoieAw hY[ so, gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dI izMdgI bwry pUrI q&sIl nw imlx kr ky aunHW nMU Bory ivc vwVn dI koiSS krnw qvwrI^ nwl izAwdqI sI[

pUrb ivc Drm prcwr

kIrqpur ivc gurU hirrwie gurg`dI dI syvw nMU inBw rhy sn Aqy mwJy ivc (gurU) qyZ bhwdr Drm prcwr ivc Awpxw rol Adw kr rhy sn[ ivc-ivc (gurU) qyZ bhwdr kIrqpur vI ho AwieAw krdy sn[ jUn 1656 ivc Awp gurU hirrwie jI nUM imlx vwsqy kIrqpur geyy hoey sn[ aunHIN idnIN Awgrw, kwSI (bnwrs/vwrwnsI), imrzwpur, pRXwg (Alwhwbwd) qoN ielwvw gXw, ptnw, Fwkw Aqy Aswm qoN vI bhuq swrIAW sMgqW gurU hir rwie swihb dy drSnW vwsqy AweIAW hoeIAW sn[ ienHW sMgqW ny aunHW nMU Arz kIqI ik auh Drm prcwr vwsqy aunHW dy ielwikAW ivc drSn dyx[ pr gurU hirrwie swihb ny aunHW nMU disAw ik kIrqpur swihb ivc sMgqW lgwqwr AwauNdIAW rihMdIAW hn[ ies kr ky auQoN cly jwx nwl dUr-durwfIAW sMgqW nMU bVI muSikl hovygI[ pr jd pUrb dIAW sMgqW ny bhuq zor idqw qW gurU hir rwie swihb ny Awpxy cwcw (gurU) qyZ bhwdr nMU AwiKAw ik auh pUrb ivc jw ky sMgqW ivc Drm prcwr dI syvw inBwaux[ pihlW qW (gurU) qyZ bhwdr ny mwJy qoN dUr jwxw mnzUr nw kIqw, pr sMgqW vloN vwr-vwr Arz kIqy jwx qy aunHW ny pUrb dw dOrw krnw mMn ilAw[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb 9 jUn 1656 dy idn kIrqpur swihb qoN pUrb v`l dy lMby dOry ‟qy cl pey[ aunHW dw prvwr Aqy drbwrI is`KW dw iek vfw j`Qw vI aunHW dy nwl igAw[ ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhI qlwauNfw, prgxw jINd ivc ieMv imldw hY:

“guru qyZ bhwdr jI, bytw guru hirgoibMd jI mhl Cty kw, poqw gurU Arjn kw, soFI KqrI, bwsI kIrqpur, prgxw kihlUr, sMmq sqrW sY qyrW, AswV pRivSty igAwrW, qIrQ Xwqrw jwny kI iqAwrI kI[ gYloN mwqw nwnkI jI AweI, iesqrI gurU hirgoibMd jI kI, mwqw nyqI jI AweI iesqrI guru guridqw jI kI, mwqw hrI jI AweI iesqrI guru sUrj m`l jI kI, bwvw bwlU hsnw qy bwvw Almsq jI Awey, cyly guru guridqw jI ky, mwqw gujrI jI AweI iesqrI guru qyZ bhwdr jI kI, ikRpwl cMd AwieAw bytw bwbw lwl cMd suiB`KI kw, dIvwn drgh m`l AwieAw bytw dvwrkw dws iCbr bRwhmx kw, swDU rwm AwieAw bytw Drm cMd Kosly kw, durgw dws AwieAw bytw mUl cMd jlwhny puAwr kw, idAwl dws AwieAw bytw mweI dws puAwr blauNq kw, caupiq rwie AwieAw bytw pYrw rwm iCbr kw [ hor isK &kIr Awey[” (not “B`t vhIAW” ivc gurU swihbwn dy prvwr dy hr mYNbr nwl „gurU‟ ilKdy sn)[

kIrqpur qoN cl ky gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw jQw mlkpur rMGVW, kotlw inhMg ^wn, lKnOr, pMjoKVw qy kurUkSyqr dy ielwky ivc Drm prcwr krdw hoieAw 29 mwrc 1657 nMU, ivswK dI pihlI dy idn, hrduAwr pu`jw[ hrduAwr ivc Awp fyF mhIny qoN vD rhy qy ies dOrwn Awly-duAwly dy ielwikAW ivc vI jWdy rhy[ hrduAwr ivc pRcwr kridAW mQrw, gVH mukqySvr, Awgrw, imrzwpur Aqy kwSI dIAW sMgqW Awp nMU imlx vwsqy AweIAW[ sMgqW dI KwihS nMU swhvyN rKidAW Awp ienHW ielwikAW ivc vI gey[ Awp ny Awgry ivc keI mhIny ibqwey Aqy sYNkVy prvwrW nMU is`KI ivc Swiml kIqw[ hrduAwr Aqy pRXwg dy ivckwrly ielwky ivc keI mhIny ibqwaux mgroN Awp pRXwg pu`jy[ Awp ny pRXwg ivc keI mhIny ibqwey[ ies vyly mwqw gujrI vI Awp dy nwl sn[

ies mgrooN Awp imrzwpur vI gey qy ie`QoN cl ky 21 jUn 1661 (hwV sudI 5, sMmq 1718) dy idn kwSI pu`jy[ B`t vhI muqwibk:

“bMJrwaUq jlhwny:

mweI dws blU kw jyTw mweI dws kw idAwl dws mweI dws kw mnI rwm mweI dws kw hrI cMd jyTw kw mQrw idAwl dws kw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI bytw guurU hrgoibMd jI mhl Cty kw bnwrs Awey, swl sqrW sY ATwrW AswF sudI pMcmI, gYloN nwnkI jI AweI mwqw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI kI, mwqw hrI jI AweI iesqrI gurU sUrj ml jI kI, BweI ikrpwl cMd AwieAw bytw lwl cMd jI suiBKI kw, bwvw idAwl dws AwieAw bytw mweI dws jlhwny kw, gvwl dws AwieAw bytw Cuty ml iCbr kw, caupq rwey AwieAw bytw pYry iCbr kw, sMgq AwieAw bytw ibMny aupl kw, swDU rwm AwieAw bytw Drmy Kosly kw[”

jUn 1661 dy AKIr ivc gurU swihb gXw Aqy ptnw vl cl pey[ rsqy ivc prcwr krdy hoey Awp julweI dy SurU ivc ptnw phMuc gey[ ies mgroN Awp Alwhwbd vI gey[ Awp 19 dsMbr 1662 (mwG Suklw p`Ky 5, sMmq 1719) dy idn Alwhwbwd ivc sn[ Awp ny Agly keI mhIny ibhwr, bMgwl qy Aswm ivc ibqwey[ jdoN gurU swihb pUrb ivc prcwr dOry ‟qy gey qW mwqw gujrI qy gurU-prvwr dy bwkI mYNbr ptnw ivc hI rhy[ mwqw gujrI vDyrw smW syT jYq rwm dy mkwn ivc Tihry[ Awp kdy-kdy rwjw &qih Swh mYnI dy Gr vI jwieAw krdy sn[ ies dOrwn 18 dsMbr 1661 dy idn mwqw gujrI ny goibMd dws (gurU goibMd isMG) nMU jnm idqw[ byty dy jnm dI ^br kw&I dyr mgroN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU pu`jI[

auDr kIrqpur ivc 6 AkqUbr 1661 dy idn gurU hir rwie swihb joqI joiq smw gey[gurU hir rwie swihb ny Awpxy v`fy pu`qr rwm rwie nMU pihlW hI gurg`dI dy h`k qoN byd^l kr idqw sI[ ies vkq gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Drm prcwr vwsqy pUrb dy dOry ‟qy gey hoey sn[ ies hwlq ivc gurU hir rwie swihb ny gurg`dI gurU hrikSn swihb nMU sONp idqI[ gurU hir rwie swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux dI ^br gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU meI 1662 dy AKIr ivc imlI[ hux Awp ny vwps pMjwb jwx dI iqAwrI SurU kr leI[

id`lI ivc gurU hrikSn swihb nwl myl

gurU swihb ny cumwsw (jUn qoN sqMbr) lMGx mgroN AkqUbr 1662 ivc ptnw qoN pMjwb vl s&r SurU kIqw[ ies vyly goibMd dws dI aumr isr& 10 mhIny dI sI[ ies kr ky gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny mwqw gujrI qy byty nMU Awpxy swly ikrpwl cMd suiB`KI Aqy BweI caupq rwie (cOpw isMG) dI dyK-ryK ivc ptnw ivc hI C`f idqw Aqy bwkI prvwr qy isMGW nMU nwl lY ky idlI vl nMU rvwnw hoey[ Awp dy nwl mwqw nwnkI, mwqw hrI, mwqw AnMqI, swDU rwm Koslw, dIvwn drgh ml, BweI idAwl dws qy hor bhuq swry swQI vI sn[ iqMn mhIny dw s&r krn mgroN ieh j`Qw 3 jnvrI 1663 dy idn pRXwg pu`jw[ pRXwg ivc is`K sMgqW ny Awp nMU keI h&qy rokI r`iKAw[ ies mgroN Awp Awgrw vl cl pey[ ipCly dOry vWg ies vwr vI Awp nMU keI mhIny Awgrw ivc rukxw ipAw[ Awgrw ivc rihMidAW Awp ny Awly-duAwly dy ielwky dy keI ipMfW dw dOrw kIqw[ Awp mQrw vI gey qy keI idn dIvwn sjwauNdy rhy[

v`K-v`K QWvW dw dOrw krdy Awp 21 mwrc 1664 dy idn id`lI ivc pu`jy ijQy Awp idlvwlI muh`ly ivc BweI kilAwxw dI Drmswlw ivc Tihry[ BweI kilAwxw dy poqy BweI bwGw qy pVpoqy nwnMU rwm ny Awp nMU qih-idloN jI AwieAW AwiKAw[ (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb dy id`lI pu`jx qy rwmrwie (jo AOrMgzyb nwl nyVqw bxw ky auQy rih irhw sI) vI Awp nMU imlx AwieAw[ rwmrwie ny (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU vI cu`k dyx dI koiSS kIqI qy ikhw ik gurg`dI ‟qy h`k qW quhwfw bxdw sI[ aus dy ieh AwKx ‟qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny ikhw ik gurU hir rwie swihb ny ijs nMU TIk smiJAw aus nMU hI g`dI sONpI sI[ aunHW dy &Ysly ‟qy ikMqU nhIN kIqI jw skdI[ rwm rwey ny AwpxI dwl gldI nw vyKI qW vwips clw igAw[

ies dOrwn BweI bwGw ny (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU d`isAw ik gurU hrikSn swihb vI id`lI ivc Awey hoey hn[ aunHW nMU rwmrwie ny gurg`dI dw JgVw KVHw kr ky AOrMgzyb vloN id`lI Awaux vwsqy sMmn iBjvwey sn[ aunHW ieh vI disAw ik gurU hrikSn swihb qy AOrMgzyb dw myl Ajy q`k nhIN ho sikAw[ ieh sux ky (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb ny gurU hrikSn swihb nMU imlx dw PYslw kr ilAw[

Agly idn 22 mwrc nMU (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb rwjw jY isMh imrzw dy bMgly qy gey[ gurU hrikSn swihb bVy ipAwr nwl Awp nMU imly[ Awp ny pMQ dI vkqI hwlwq qy hor nukiqAW bwry gurU hrikSn swihb nwl Awpxy ivcwr sWJy kIqy Aqy nwl hI goibMd dws dy jnm bwry disAw[(gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb ny gurU hrikSn swihb nwl rwm rwie dI swizS dw izkr vI kIqw[ aunHW gurU hrikSn swihb nMU ieh vI d`isAw ik AOrMgzyb bhuq cwlwk bMdw hY qy aus nwl glbwq ivc vD qoN vD cOks rihxw zrUrI hY[ ies mOky ‟qy gurU hrikSn swihb ny (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU ikhw ik jy mYnUM Akwl purK dw bulwvw Aw igAw qW gurU nwnk swihb dI g`dI sMBwlx dI syvw quhwnMU hI krnI pvygI[ ieh sux ky (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb cu`p qy gMBIr ho gey[

(gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb 22 qy 23 mwrc dw idn gurU hrikSn swihb dy nwl rwjw jY isMh imrzw dy bMgly ivc rhy qy ivcwrW krdy rhy[ Awp 24 mwrc 1664 dy idn Awpxy prvwr qy jQy dy bwkI is`KW nwl pMjwb vwsqy rvwnw ho gey[ rsqy ivc AwpxI BYx bIbI vIro nMU imlx vwsqy ipMf mlHw vI gey[ BweI swDU rwm dy prvwr ny Awp dI bVI syvw kIqI[ kuJ idn dIvwn sjwaux mgroN (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb Awpxy jIjy BweI swDU rwm nMU mlHw ivc C`f ky sulqwnpur vl cl pey, ijQoN A`gy auh bkwlw cly gey[

gurU hrikSn swihb dw joqI-joiq smwauxw

24 mwrc 1664 dy idn (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb id`lI qoN pMjwb vl cly gey sn[ Agly idn 25 mwrc nMU gurU hrikSn swihb qy AOrMgzyb ivckwr pihlI mulwkwq hoeI[ AOrMgzyb ny aunHW nUM do idn bwAd Pyr imlx vwsqy ikhw[

aus rwq nMU gurU swihb ‟qy cIck dI bImwrI ny hmlw kIqw[ Agly cwr idn buKwr vDdw igAw[ A^Ir smW AwieAw jwx ky Awp ny 30 mwrc 1664 dy idn swirAW nMU kol bulw ky AwiKAw ik myry mgroN gurg`dI “bkwly vwly bwby” (gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb) nMU sONpxI hY[ ieh kihx qoN QoVHw icr mgroN hI auh joqI-joiq smw gey[ sskwr krn qoN kuJ idn mgroN mwqw sulKxI ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU gurg`dI sMBwlx vwsqy bkwly pYgwm ByijAw[

gurg`dI sMBwlx dI Ardws

AprYl qoN julweI qk cwr mhIny sMgqW kIrqpur AwauNdIAW rhIAW[ jd aunHW nMU pqw l`gw ik hux gurg`dI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU sONp idqI geI hY Aqy auh bkwlw ivc hn qW kuJ is`K Awp nUM l`Bx vwsqy bkwlw vl vI gey[ gurU swihb ny bkwlw ivc rihxw hI mnzUr kIqw[ eyQy Awp Ajy dIvwn nhIN sn sjwieAw krdy[ AKIr cwr mhIny aufIkx mgroN gurU hrikSn swihb dy mwqw sul`KxI jI, dIvwn drgh m`l, BweI mnI rwm (BweI mnI isMG) Aqy bhuq swry is`KW ny bkwlw jw ky gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU gurg`dI sMBwlx vwsqy Arz krn Aqy ies rsm dI Ardws krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ ieh swry jxy 11 Agsq 1664 dy idn bkwlw p`ujy Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU imly[ gurU swihb nMU gurg`dI sONpx dI Ardws bwbw dvwrkw dws (bytw bwbw ArjwnI, poqw bwbw mohrI qy pVpoqw gurU Amrdws jI) ny inBweI[ ies mOky ‟qy bhuq swrIAW sMgqW hwizr sn[ ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

“dIvwn drgh m`l bytw dvwrkw dws kw poqw prwg dws kw, caupiq rwey bytw pYry kw poqw gOqm kw iCbr bRwhmx, jyTw mweI dws kw, mnI rwm mweI dws kw blauNq jlHwny, j`gU bytw pdmw kw poqw kauly kw hjwvq AWibAwnw, nwnU bytw bwGy kw poqw aumYdy kw, id`lI sy gurU hrikSn jI mihl ATmy kI mwqw sul`KxI ky swQ bkwly Awey[ swl sqrW sY iekIs Bwdvw kI Amwvs ky idn…[”(B`t vhI qlwauNFw, prgxw jINd, Kwqw jlwhnoN kw)

gurg`dI sMBwlx mgroN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw sB qoN pihlw dOrw kIrqpur swihb dw sI[ jUn 1656 ivc pUrb dy dOry mgroN Awp ipCly A`T swl ivc iek vwr vI is`K kOm dy hYf-kuAwrtrz kIrqpur nhIN sn jw sky[ ies dOrwn gurU hir rwie swihb qy gurU hrikSn swihb joqI-joiq smw cuky sn[ ies qoN ielwvw gurU hir rwie swihb dI bytI bIbI rUp kOr dw ivAwh ho cukw sI qy auh Awpxy pqI nwl kIrqpur dy nwl lgvyN ipMf kilAwxpur ivc rih rhI sI[ ies kr ky gurU swihb ny sB qoN pihlW bIbI rUp kOr nMU imlx dw &Yslw kIqw qW jo aus dy ipqw qy Brw dy joqI-joiq smwaux sbMDI „prcwvnI‟ kr skx[ 21 Agsq 1664 dy idn Awp bIbI rUp kOr dy Gr pujy[ ies mOky qy Awp nwl bhuq swry drbwrI is`K vI sn[ ies bwry B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ivc ieMv izkr AwauNdw hY:

“gurU qyg bhwdr jI mhl nWvyN, bkwlw sy kIrqpur Awey, prgnw kihlUr, swl sqrW sY iekIs Bwdvw sudI dsmIN, Kym krn Du`sy KqrI ky Gr bIbI rUp kaur ky blwaunw[ swQ dvwrkw dws AwieAw bytw ArjwnI swihb B`ly kw, swQ dIvwn drGw ml AwieAw bytw dvwrkw dws iCbr kw, swQ j`gU bytw pdmw kw AwieAw, hjwvq AWibAwnw[…”(B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, prgxw jINd, Kwqw hjwvqoN kw)

m`Kx Swh lubwxw dw bkwly Awauxw

9 AkqUbr 1664 dy idn ihMdUAW dw dIvwlI dw iqauhwr sI[ ies vyly gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb bkwlw ivc sn[ hr swl ies mOky ‟qy is`K Awpxw dsvMD Byt krn vwsqy gurU swihbwn kol AwieAw krdy sn[ gurU hrikSn swihb dy joqI-joq smwaux mgroN Ajy kw&I sMgqW nMU pqw nhINN sI ik nOvyN gurU qyZ bhwdr ik`Qy hn[ ienHW is`KW ivc BweI m`Kx Swh lubwxw vI sI[ jdoN aus nMU pqw ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kIrqpur ivc nhIN blik bkwlw ivc hn qW auh lBdw-lBdw bkwly pu`jw[ bkwly pu`jx ‟qy aus nMU A`goN DIr m`l dw iek dlwl iml ipAw[ auh aus nMU gurU swihb nUM imlwaux dw JUT bol ky DIr ml dy fyry qy lY igAw[ m`Kx Swh hr swl iek sO muhrW gurU drbwr ivc Byt kirAw krdw sI[ DIr m`l nMU vyKidAW hI m`Kx swh nUM S`k pY igAw ik ieh gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nhIN ho skdw[ ies kr ky aus ny DIr m`l nMU isr& pMj muhrW Byt kIqIAW[ pr jd DIr m`l ny auh pMj muhrW cup kr ky boJy ivc pw leIAW qW BweI m`Kx Swh ny pu`iCAw ik kI qusIN hI gurU qyZ bhwdr ho? ieh sux ky DIr m`l dw iek cylw boilAw ik “ieh gurU DIr m`l jI hn[” ieh sux ky m`Kx Swh iek dm au~QoN Aw igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM vI l`B ilAw qy Awpxy swQIAW nUM s`dx vwsqy au~cI-au`~cI bolxw SurU kr idqw „gurU lwDo ry‟[ hux swry lok DIr m`l Aqy hornW dMBIAW nMU C`f ky gurU swihb vl Awauxy SurU ho gey[ aus idn qoN kuJ is`K nON AkqUbr dw idn hr swl „gurU lwDo ry‟ idn vjoN mnwauNdy hn[ hwlW ik gurU swihb guAwcy jW luky hoey nhIN sn, pr m`Kx Swh nUM aunHW dw pqw nhIN sI qy DIr m`l dy cyly swry is`KW nUM Zlq ds ky aus kol lY AwauNdy sn[ dUjw BweI m`Kx Swh ny gurU jI nUM prgt nhIN kIqw sI blik aus ny aunHW dw invws l`iBAw sI[

kuJ lyKkW ny ies Gtnw ivcoN m`Kx Swh dw byVw fu`bx vyly gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vlyN Awpxw moFw lw ky jhwz fu`bxoN bcwaux dI krwmwq dI khwxI GV leI sI[ is`K Drm AKOqI krwmwq dy &ls&y nUM mUloN hI r`d krdw hY[ ieM\ hI iek sO muhr jW Gt-vD gurU dI ByNt krnw isr& m`Kx Swh hI nhINN blik hor vI bhuq swry isK prvwr kirAw krdy sn[ m`Kx Swh lubwxw vloN iek sO muhrW Byt krn sbMDI „B`t vhI qMUmr ibMjlauNqo kI‟ ivc ieMv izkr imldw hY (eyQy vI BweI m`Kx Swh dw byVw fu`bx, AKOqI suKnw suKx jW gurU jI nUM „l`Bx‟ dw koeI izkr nhIN hY):

“m`Kx Swh bytw dwsy kw poqw ArQy kw pVpoqw ibMny kw bMs bhoVU kI[ lwl cMd m~Kx Swh kw, cMdU lwl m~Kx Swh kw, kuSwl cMd m`Kx Swh kw, solzeI iesqrI m`Kx Swh kI, goqr pylIAw bnjwrw, bwsI motw tWfw, prgxw muz&rwbwd, kSmIr, swl sqrW sY iekIs dIvwlI „qy SnIvwr dy idMh bkwly ngr AwieAw[ guru qyZ bhwdr mhl nwmyN ky drbwr myN iek sO mohryN ByNt kI[ gYl DUMmw bytw nwiek kwnHy ibMjlauNq kw AwieAw[”

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb muV kIrqpur gey

bwbw gurid`qw dI pqnI, gurU hir rwie swihb jI dI mwqw, gurU hrikSn jI dI dwdI qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI BrjweI, mwqw bsI 29 sqMbr 1664 dy idn kIrqpur ivc cVHweI kr geI sI[ aus sbMD ivc r`Ky pwT dI Ardwis cOdW AkqUbr nMU hoxI sI[ ieqlwh imlidAW hI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb, BweI m`Kx Swh lubwxw, dIvwn drgh m`l Aqy kuJ hor drbwrI is`K dIvwlI qoN Agly idn c`l ky ies Ardws ivc Swiml hox vwsqy bwrHW AkqUbr 1664 dy idn kIrqpur pu`jy qy iqMn idn au~Qy rhy[

mwJy ivc Drm pRcwr dw dOrw

kIrqpur dI PyrI mgroN gurU swihb vwips bkwlw Aw gey[ kuJ idn ie`Qy rihx mgroN Awp mwJw qy mwlvw ivc Drm prcwr dy dOry ‟qy cl pey[ Awp sB qoN pihlW 22 nvMbr 1664 dy idn gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) gey[ gurU dw c`k ivc hir jI (puqr imhrbwn) Aqy aus dy pu`qrW ny Awp jI nMU „jI AwieAW‟ AwiKAw[ gurU swihb ny drbwr swihb dy m`uK gyt ‟qy, Akwl qKq swihb dy nyVy, iek it`by ‟qy dIvwn sjwieAw (ies QW hux gurduAwrw QVHw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY)[ ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mhl nwmW bytw gurU hirgoibMd jI kw poqw gurU Arjn jI kw, swl sqrW sY iekIs mGsr kI pUrinmw ky idhuM gurU ky c`k mlhwn prgnw Ajnwlw Awey[ swQ dvwrkw dws bytw ArjwnI swihb B`lw kw, dIvwn drGw ml bytw dvwrkw dws iCbr kw, mKx Swh bytw dwsy kw pylIAw bxjwrw hor is`K PkIr Awey[ gurU jI ny drbwr ky Awgy iek aucy cbUqry qy Awsn lwieAw[ siqgurU kw ngrI Awnw sux hir jI bytw mnohr jI kw poqw ipRQI cMd jI kw bMs gurU rwmdws jI mhl cOQy kI sMgq ko gYl lY drSn pwxy Awey[ (B`t vhI qUmr ibMjlauNqoN kI)[

Awp iek rwq ieQy rihx mgroN v`lw ipMf vl cly gey[ mgroN iksy lyKk ny ieh khwxI GV leI ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb gurU dw c`k Awey qW DIrmlIAW ny drvwzy bMd kr ley[ ieh g`l shI nhINN hY ikauNik aus vyly gurU dw c`k dI syvw sMBwl DIr m`l kol nhIN sI blik ipRQI cMd (mIxw) dy poqy hir jI kol sI[ ieh lyKk DIr m`l dI bkwlw ivc kIqI swizS nMU gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc vI Swiml kr dyNdy hn[ dUjw, drvwzy bMd krnw vI shI nhIN hY[ audoN drbwr swihb ivc ikqy koeI drvwzw nhIN sI[ hor qW hor drbwr swihb dI prkrmw vI bhuq bwAd ivc (1830 qoN mgroN) bxI sI[ qIjw, ieh lyKk gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vloN gurU dw c`k dy lokW nMU „AMbrsrIey AMdrsVIey‟ dw srwp dyx dw izkr krdy hn[ idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik gurU swihb dy vyly qW kI ies qoN iek sO swl mgroN vI gurU dw c`k dw nW AMimRqsr nhINN sI bixAw[ cOQw, gurU swihb srwp vI nhINN sn dy skdy[

ieh vI idlcsp hY ik ieho ijhw prcwr krn vwly lyKkW muqwibk ik “jd v`ly dIAW bIbIAW nUM pqw lgw ik guru qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM drbwr swihb ivc vVn nhIN idqw igAw qW ieh bIbIAW gurU dw c`k AweIAW Aqy aunHW ny drbwr swihb ‟qy kwbz toly nUM lwAnqW pweIAW[ ies mgroN aunHW ny guru swihb nUM drbwr ivc dw^l hox idqw igAw[” vwry vwry jweIey Aijhy qvwrI^ lyKkW Aqy ijEgrw&Iey dy mwihrW qoN[ v`lw ipMf guru dw c`k (AMimRqsr) qoN nON iklomItr dUr hY qy 1664 ivc gurU jI dw au~Qy jwxw, mweIAW nUM hwl dsxw (jW pqw lgxw), mweIAW dw gurU dw c`k jwxw qy iPr gurU swihb dw muV au~Qy jwxw qy hirmMdr ivc m`Qw tykxw; ieh swrw kuJ AjIb qvwrI^ lyKk ieko idn ivc krvw dyNdy hn[ Swied bIbIAW nUM mobweIl ‟qy ^br imlI hovy qy aunHW kol hYlIkwptr vI hovy? ieho ijhy gpOVy-hYlIkwptr mhWBwrq qy rwmwiex nwvlW ivc vI d`sy hoey hn[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ieh khwxI iksy Aijhy lyKk ny GVI hovygI ijs nMU AMimRqsr dy lokW ny iezq nhIN sI b^SI[

gurU dw c`k qoN mgroN Awp ipMf v`lw, Gu`kyvwlI (gurU dw bwg), ipMf in`Jrvwlw (in`JrW vwlw), qrn qwrn qy KfUr swihb hMudy hoey s`q dsMbr dy idn goieMdvwl pu`jy[ Awp ny goieMdvwl ivc keI idn dIvwn sjwey[ bhuq swrIAW is`K sMgqW gurU swihb dy drSnW nMU AweIAW[ ies mOky qy ipMf Kymkrn qoN BweI rGUpiq rwie inJr-kMboj vI pu`jw hoieAw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb nMU Awpxy Gr iljwx dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI[ gurU swihb aus dI cwh pUrI krn vwsqy Kymkrn jwxw mMn gey[ Awp jnvrI 1665 dy pihly pMdrW idn Kymkrn ivc rhy Aqy hr roz sYNkVy sMgqW Awp dy drSn vwsqy AwauNdIAW rhIAW[ qkrIbn do mhIny mwJy ivc Drm prcwr krn mgroN gurU swihb ipMf cohlw, mKU Aqy hrIky p`qx hMudy hoey zIrw pujy[ zIrw qy mogw ivc sMgqW nMU drSn dyx mgroN, Awp PrvrI 1665 ivc jMgl dys dy ipMf, frolI (hux frolI BweI) gey[ Awp ies ipMf ivc vI keI idn rhy Aqy mwrc dy A`D q`k qkrIbn do mhIny gurU swihb ny ies ielwky ivc Drm prcwr kIqw[

qlvMfI swbo ivc srovr iqAwr krvwauxw

kuJ idn frolI ivc rihx mgroN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb qlvMfI swbo gey[ eyQy BweI f`lw dy ipqw qy hor is`KW ny gurU jI nMU qih idloN jI AwieAW AwiKAw[ ies ielwky ivc pIx vwly pwxI dI bVI kmI sI[ gurU swihb ny sMgqW dy imlvrqx nwl 28 mwrc 1665 nMU t`k lw ky ieQy iek srovr bxwauxw SurU kIqw[ ieh srovr 7 AprYl 1665 dy idn bx ky iqAwr ho igAw[ vwihgurU dI imhr nwl kuJ idn mgroN byihswb bwirS hoeI, ijs nwl ieh srovr pwxI nwl vI Br igAw[ ies mgroN gurU swihb mwlvy dy kuJ hor ipMfW ivcoN hMudy hoey Dmqwn (izlHw jINd) vl cly gey[

Dmqwn ivc hY~f-kuAwrtrz bxwaux dw PYslw

qlvMfI swboN qoN cl ky mwlvy dy vK-vK ielwikAW ivc Drm prcwr krdy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb AprYl 1665 dy AKIr ivc Dmqwn (hux izlw jINd, hirAwxw) pujy[ Dmqwn ivc BweI d`go is`K pMQ dw msMd sI[ BweI d`go dw ielwky ivc bVw cMgw rsUK sI[ aus ny ies ielwky ivc bhuq swry lokW nMU is`KI ivc Swiml krvwieAw sI[ 1665 qk Dmqwn aunHW ielwikAW ivcoN iek bx cukw sI ijnHW dy vDyry vwsI is`K pMQ dw ih`sw sn[ jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb au~Qy pujy qW sYNkVy is`K Awp jI dy drSnW vwsqy Awey[ gurU swihb hr roz dIvwn sjwieAw krdy sn[ kuJ idn Dmqwn rihx mgroN gurU swihb ny kIrqpur jwx dI iqAwrI SurU kr idqI[ jdoN sMgqW nMU pqw l`gw qW aunHW gurU swihb nMU hor rukx vwsqy Arz kIqI[ BweI d`go ny sMgqW vloN gurU swihb nMU ieh vI Arz kIqI ik auh Awpxw drbwr (hY~f-kuAwtrz) bkwlw qoN Dmqwn bdl lYx[ sMgqW ny XkIn idvwieAw ik auh dUr-durwfy qoN Awaux vwlIAW sMgqW dI syvw dy Krc dw bIVw cuk lYxgIAW[ sMgqW v`loN vwr-vwr zor dyx ‟qy gurU swihb mMn gey[ gurU swihb dI hdwieq ‟qy BweI d`go ny AwpxI kuJ zmIn gurU dy mhl, sMgqW dI Drmswlw Aqy iek nvW KUh luAwaux vwsqy Byt kr idqI[ (BweI sMqoK isMG ny „sUrj pRkwS‟ ivc BweI d`go vrgy Bly is`K dy i^lw& Zlq ibAwnI kr ky aus nwl byh`d D`kw kIqw)[

iblwspur dy rwjw dIp cMd dI mOq

meI 1665 dy pihly h&qy gurU dy mhl, Drmswlw Aqy KUh dw t`k lwaux mgroN gurU swihb kIrqpur vl cl pey[ kIrqpur pujidAW hI gurU swihb nMU Kbr imlI ik iblwspur dw rwjw dIp cMd, jo 26 AprYl 1665 dy idn cVHweI kr igAw sI, dI AMqm rsm 12 meI dy idn rKI geI hY[ rwjw dIp cMd dI ivDvw rwxI cMpw ny Awpxw vzIr kIrqpur ByijAw qy gurU swihb nMU rwjw dIp cMd dI Ardws krn vwsqy iblwspur phMucx vwsqy Arz kIqI[ gurU swihb nON meI dI svyr nMU iblwspur cly gey[ kIrqpur qoN Awp dI mwqw nwnkI, mwqw sul`KxI, mwqw hrI, dIvwn drgh m`l, BweI idAwl dws Aqy keI hor is`K Awp dy nwl iblwspur gey[ ies sbMDI B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ iliKAw imldw hY:

guru qyg bhwdr swihb mhl nwvyN, kIrqpur sy iblwspur Awey, rwjw dIp cMd kI sqwrmIN qy, swl sqrW sY bweIs, jyT privSty pMdrW ko[ swQ dIp cMd, nMd cMd Awey byty sUrj m`l ky, mwqw hrI jI iesqrI sUrj m`l kI, mwqw sulKxI jI iesqrI guru hir rwie mhl sqvyN jI kI, dIvwn drgh m`l iCbr, jyTw, idAwl dws byty mweI dws ky, drIAw bytw mUly kw, jlhwnw, swQ Awey[ (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw jlhwinEN kw[

c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur swihb) dI nINh rKxw

rwjw dIp cMd dI Ardws mgroN jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny vwips jwx dI iqAwrI SurU kIqI qW rwxI cMpw ny gurU swihb dI mwqw nwnkI nwl g`l kIqI ik mYnMU pqw l`gw hY ik gurU swihb bkwlw dI QW nvW drbwr (hY~f-kuAwrtrz) bWgr dys dy ngr Dmqwn ivc kwiem krnw cwhuMdy hn[ ieh QW iblwspur Aqy kIrqpur qoN bhuq dUr hY[ myrI Arz hY ik gurU swihb swfI irAwsq qoN dUr nw jwx[ jy aunHW nMU kIrqpur ivc QW QoVHI jwpdI hY qW mYN nvW ngr vswaux vwsqy hor QW Bytw kr dyvWgI[ mwqw nwnkI ny rwxI cMpw dI ArzoeI bwry gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU disAw[ gurU swihb ny mwqw jI nMU d`isAw ik Dmqwn dIAW sMgqW ny qW hux qk mihl, Drmswlw qy KUh vI iqAwr kr idqy hoxgy[ mwqw jI ny jd rwxI cMpw dI inMmoJUxqw Aqy vYrwg bwry gurU jI nMU disAw qW gurU jI dy idl ivc ikrpw AweI qy aunHW ny iblwspur irAwsq ivc nvW ipMf vswauxw mnzUr kr ilAw pr Srq r`KI ik auh ies ipMf vwsqy jgh dwn ivc nhIN blik rkm qwr ky mu`l lYxgy[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny hQOq (ij`Qy kdy hwQIAW dy JuMf iPrdy huMdy sn) dy ielwky ivc, mwKovwl ipMMf dI Qyh dy nyVy, mIAWpur, lOdIpur qy shotw ipMfW dy ivckwrlI QW cuxI Aqy ies dI rkm iblwspur irAwsq nMU qwr idqI[ Ajoky „gurduAwrw gurU dy mhl‟ vwlI QW ‟qy gurU swihb ny 19 jUn 1665 dy idn iek dr^q dw qxw (mohVI) BweI guridqw (poqw bwbw bu`Fw jI) qoN gfvw ky iek nvyN ipMf dI nINh r`KI[ aunHW ies dw nW AwpxI mwqw nwnkI dy nW qy „c`k nwnkI‟ r`iKAw (hux srkwrI kwZzW ivc ies dw nW isr& „c`k‟ vjoN hI imldw hY)[ ies sbMDI B`t vhIAW ivc ieMv izkr imldw hY :

“gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mhl nwmW, swl sqrW sY bweIs, AswF privSty ie`kIs, somvwr ko mwKovwl ky Qyh qy gwm bnwieAw[ nwm c`k nwnkI rwKw[“ (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI)

c`k nwnkI ivc gurU swihb ny sB qoN pihlW Gr Aqy Drmswlw bxvwey[ kuJ icr eyQy rih ky is`KW nMU nvyN ipMf dI syvw sMBwlx mgroN Awp iPr mwlvw dy dory‟qy cl pey[ kIrqpur qoN ropV, bnUV, rwjpurw, sY&wbwd, Fofw, sunwm, CwjlI, lihrwgwgw vZYrw ivcoN hMudy hoey Awp Dmqwn pu`jy[ Awp ie`Qy kw&I idn ibqwauxw cwhMudy sI qW jo BweI d`go Aqy bWgr dys dIAW sMgqW nMMU c`k nwnkI ipMf vswaux Aqy rwxI cMpw dI mjbUrI bwry Aqy ih&wzq p`KoN iek phwVI if&YNs sYNtr dI loV bwry jwxkwrI dy ky, Dmqwn vwsw nw kr skx dI mjbUrI ds skx[ sMgqW ies nvIN ^br ‟qy bhuq audws ho geIAW[ pr aunHW nMU qs`lI dyx vwsqy gurU swihb ny keI idn Dmqwn guzwry[ 28 AkqUbr 1665 (ihMdUAW dy dIvwlI dy iqauhwr) qk Awp eyQy rhy[ hux jd gurU swihb ny c`k nwnkI jwx dI iqAwrI SurU kIqI qW sMgqW ny zor pw ky Awp nMU k`qk dI pUrnmwSI nUM, gurU nwnk swihb dy jnm idn (jo aus swl 12 nvMbr 1665 nUM sI), a~uQy mnwaux vwsqy rok ilAw[

ies qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy vyly qk gurU nwnk swihb dy jnm idn, k`qk dI pUrnmwSI, bwry koeI BulyKw nhIN sI qy ies BulyKy dI SurUAwq „jnmswKI imhrbwn dy ilKwrI ipRQIcMd mIxy dy pu`qr imhrbwn ny hI kIqI sI[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI igR&qwrI
Dmqwn rihMidAW iek idn gurU swihb nyVy dy jMgl ivc iSkwr Kyfx gey[ ies smyN Awp dy nwl BweI d`go Aqy hor bhuq swry is`K vI sn[ jMgl ivc Awp jI nMU ies ielwky dy &Ojdwr Awlm Kwn ruhylw ny SwhI hukm hyT igR&qwr kr ilAw[ AOrMgzyb dw hukm sI ik muslmwnW qoN ielwvw koeI vI nw qW hiQAwr rK skdw sI qy nw iSkwr kr skdw sI[ Awlm ^wn Awp nMU igR&qwr kr ky idlI lY igAw Aqy 8 nvMbr 1665 dy idn AOrMgzyb kol pyS kIqw[ ies sbMDI B`t vhIAW ivc vI izkr imldw hY:

“gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI mhl nwmW ko gwm Dmqwn prgnw bWgr sy Awlm

Kwn ruhylw SwhI hukm gYl idhlI ko lY ky AwieAw[ swl sqrW sY bweIs kwrqk mwsy Sukl pKy igAwrs ko[ swQ dIvwn mqI dws sqI dws Awey byey hIrw nMd iCbr ky guAwl dws AwieAw bytw Cuty m`l iC`br kw gurdws AwieAw bytw kIrq bVHqIey kw sMgqw AwieAw bytw ibMny au`pl kw[ jyTw idAwl dws Awey byty mweI dws jlhwny blauNq ky[ hor is`K PkIr PVy Awey[”

“gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mhl nwmw ko bwdSwh AOrMgzyb ny kMvr rwm isMh kCvwhw bytw rwjw jY isMh imrzw kI imsl myN nzrbMd kIXw jwny kw hukm dIXw[ do mws qIn idn gurU jI bMd rhy[ sMmq sqrW sY bweIs ikRsnw pKy pos mwK kI eykm ko mukq huey[” (auprlIAW dovyN AYNtrIAW B`t vhI jwdobMsIAW kI, Kwqw bVqIEN kw ivcoN hn)[

AOrMgzyb ny gruU swihb qoN hiQAwr r`Kx Aqy iSkwr Kyfx dI jvwb-qlbI krn dy nwl-nwl ieslwm Aqy is`K Drm bwry vI crcw kIqw[ aus ny gurU swihb nMUU ikhw ik jy auh hiQAwrbMd rihxw cwhMudy hn qW auh muslmwn ho jwx[ gurU swihb vloN muslmwn bxnoN nWh krn ‟qy AorMgzyb ny gurU swihb Aqy is`KW nMU ShId krn dw hukm jwrI kr idqw[ ies smyN rwjw jY isMh imrzw dw puqr kMvr rwm isMh imrzw vI drbwr ivc hwizr sI[ aus ny AOrMgzyb nMU Aijhw krnoN vrijAw[ kuJ icr soc ky AOrMgzyb ny gurU swihb Aqy is`KW nMU rwm isMh imrzw dI imsl (ihrwsq) ivc Byj idqw[ mgroN kMvr rwm isMh ny AwpxI mrzI nwl gurU swihb nMU 31 dsMbr 1665 dy idn irhw kr id`qw[

pUrb dys dw dUjw dOrw

31 dsMbr dy idn irhweI mgroN gurU swihb iqMn idn rwjw rwm isMh imrzw dy Gr ivc rhy[ 3 jnvrI 1666 dy idn gurU swihb Awgrw vl cl peyy[ Awgrw, pRXwg (hux Alwhwbwd) Aqy kwSI (vwrwnsI) ivc keI h&qy ibqwaux mgroN gurU swihb gXw vl gey qy Drm prcwr krdy-krdy AKIr ptnw puj gey, ij`Qy aunHW keI mhIny invws riKAw[id`lI qoN cl ky Awp pihlW hrduAwr ivc ruky[ ies smyN dOrwn, 21 ApRYl 1666 dy idn Awp hrduAwr ivc sn[ (1665-66 ivc, ies swry smyN dOrwn, mwqw gujrI ptnw ivc sn ies kr ky gurU goibMd isMG jI dw jnm 22 dsMbr 1666 ivc hrigz nhIN ho skdw)[ ie`QoN Awp Awswm, bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy keI ih`isAW ivc jw ky Drm prcwr krdy rhy[

auDr AOrMgzyb ny 27 dsMbr 1667 dy idn imrzw rwm isMh nMU &Oj dy ky Aswm dy rwjy dI bgwvq nMU dbwaux vwsqy qoirAw[ AOrMgzyb keI kwrnW kr ky kMvr rwm isMh nwl ^&w sI qy aus nMU szw dyxI cwhMudw sI[ ienHW kwrnW ivc iSvjI mrh`tw dI rwm isMh dI spurdgI ivcoN &rwrI Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI irhweI vI Swiml sI[ rwm isMh ny gurU swihb nUM irhw krn vyly AOrMgzyb dI mnzUrI nhIN sI leI[ ies kr ky AOrMgzyb ny rwm isMh nMU ieh soc ky Aswm dI ^qrnwk muihMm qy ByijAw ik jy auh au~Qy mwirAw igAw qW aus nMU szw iml jwvygI qy jy auh Aswm dy rwjy nMU ijq AwieAw qW rwm isMh dI szw dI muAw&I vI ho jwvygI Aqy mugl slqnq dI hkUmq dw Aswm ivc vI bolbwlw kwiem ho jwvygw[ rwm isMh AMdroN-AMdrIN Aswm jwxoN fr irhw sI pr aus dI mW puSpw rwxI ny aus nMU qs`lI idqI qy ikhw ik „gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ptnw ivc hn, qMU aunHW dI mdd lY leIN, qyrw kuJ nhIN ivgVygw[‟

Aswm dy rwjy Aqy rwm isMh ivc smJOqw

Aswm dw rwjw ckrDvj isMh bVw infr qy jMgjU sI[ aus ny kdy vI AOrMgzyb dI eIn nhIN mMnI sI[ aus dy vfy-vfyry vI muglW nwl t`kr lYx qoN nhIN frdy sn[ ieh jwxdy hoey AOrMgzyb ny ies vwr ies ihMdU-rwjpUq jrnYl nMU Aswm ByijAw sI[ rwm isMh qy ckrDvj isMh ivckwr keI lVweIAW hoeIAW ijs ivc dohW iDrW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw[ A^Ir koeI nqIjw nw inkldw vyK ky rwm isMh ptnw igAw Aqy jnvrI 1668 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU imilAw[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb aus vkq qk pUrb ivc dUjw dOrw kr cuky sn[ rwjw ckrDvj isMh vI gurU swihb dw kdrdwn sI[ gurU swihb ny rwjw ckrDvj isMh Aqy rwm isMh nMU ibTw ky smJOqw krvw idqw[ ies smJOqy nwl dohW iDrW dI iezq vI bc geI Aqy hzwrW jwnW vI bc geIAW[ ies qoN KuS ho ky rwm isMh dy rwjpUq Aqy muZl &OjIAW ny, DubVI ivc, gurU nwnk swihb dI PyrI dI Xwd ivc iek mMjI swihb (Xwdgwr) auswirAw[ ies Xwdgwr vwsqy ienHW &OjIAW ny AwpxIAW FwlW ivc im`tI Br-Br ky iek v`fw QVHw bxwieAw[ ieh Gtnw &rvrI 1669 dI hY[ hux aus QVHy vwly mMjI swihb vwlI QW ‟qy DubVI swihb gurduAwrw auswirAw hoieAw hY[iesy dOry dOrwn Awp ny iqrpurw qy jYNqIAw dy rwjy nUM vI is“KI ivc Swiml kIqw[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI dUjI igR&qwrI

1670 dI mwrc ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ptnw qoN vwips pMjwb vl cl pey[ aunHW ny mwqw gujrI Aqy swFy A`T swl dy swihbzwdw goibMd dws, ikrpwl (aunHW dw swlw) Aqy caupiq rwie nMU kuJ is`KW nwl vKirAW is`Dw lKnOr (mwqw gujrI dy pyky ipMf) vl Byj idqw Aqy Awp jYNqIAw phwVIAW coN huMdy hoey islht pu`jy[ aunHIN idnIN hI brswqW SurU ho geIAW[ Agly keI h&qy grU swihb islht ivc rhy[ brswqW Gtx mgroN Awp ictwgWg qy SYrqwgMj gey[ ie`QoN Awp nUM jYNqIAW qy iqRpurw dw rwjw rwm isMh AwpxI rwjDwnI Agrqlw lY igAw[ kuJ icr au~Qy rihx mhroN Awp iPr ictwgWg Aw gey qy eyQoN noAwKlI, cWdpur, nrYxgMj qy Fwkw gey[ ies mgroN Awp kUc ibhwr, cMdr Bwgw, ikSn gMj, pUrnIAw, boNgy gwEN, islIguVI, kithwr qy swsrwm huMdy kwSI pu`jy[

kuJ idn kwSI rihx mgroN Awp pRXwg, imrzwpur qy Awgrw ho ky id`lI vwsqy cl pey[ gurU swihb jdoN Awgry pu`jy qW ie`Qy Awp nMU igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy id`lI iljwieAw igAw[ idlI ivc jd puSpw rwxI nMU pqw lgw qW aus ny muZl &Ojdwr nMU gurU swihb irhw krn vwsqy ikhw[ jdoN &Ojdwr nMU pqw lgw ik Aswm dw mslw h`l krvwaux vwly gurU swihb hI sn qW aus ny muAw&I mMgI Aqy gurU swihb nMU irhw kr idqw[ ieh g`l sqMbr 1670 dI hY[ ies mgroN gurU swihb pMjwb v`l cl pey[ gurU swihb qrwvVI, kurUkSyqr, iphovw, Dmqwn, sY&wbwd, lihl, lMg, mUlovwl, syKw, TIkrIvwlw, m`lHw, krqwrpur (jlMDr) huMdy hoey bkwlw pu`jy[ auDr mwqw gujrI Aqy swihbzwdw goibMd dws vI kuJ idn lKnOr rihx mgroN bkwlw puj gey[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb 1670 dy A^Ir qoN mwrc 1672 qk bkwlw ivc rhy[

c`k nwnkI ivc

qkrIbn fyF swl bkwlw rihx mgroN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny nvyN ngr „ck nwnkI‟ jwx dw PYslw kr ilAw[ iblwspur dI mhwrwxI cMpw ny gurU swihb nMU keI vwr pYZwm ByijAw sI[ gurU swihb Awp vI iblwspur jwxw cwhuMdy sn[ auDr swihbzwdw goibMd dws vI AwpxI dwdI dy nW ‟qy visAw ipMf vyKx dw cwhvwn sI[ A^Ir mwrc 1672 dy Aw^rI h&qy gurU swihb ny „c`k nwnkI‟ jwx dI iqAwrI kr leI[ Awp mwrc 1673 dy AKIr ivc „c`k nwnkI‟ pujy[ 28 mwrc 1673 dy idn ibkrmI sMmq dy ivswK mhIny dI pihlI qwrIK sI[ hr swl dI qrHW hI ies vwr vI hzwrW dI igxqI ivc is`K sMgqW „c`k nwnkI‟ AweIAW[ hux c`k nwnkI is`K pMQ dw nvW sYNtr bx igAw sI[

grU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny swihbjwdw goibMd dws nMU hiQAwrbMd tryinMg dyx vwsqy BweI bjr isMG dI ifaUUtI lweI[ dIvwn drgh m`l qy BweI mnI isMG ny aunHW nMU pihlW hI ividAw dw coKw BMfwr dy idqw hoieAw sI[ gurU swihb ny 12 meI 1673 dy idn goibMd dws dI mMgxI lwhOr dy BweI hrjs suiB`KI dI bytI bIbI jIqW nwl kr idqI[ ienIN idnI hI BweI Awlm cMd (n`cxw) vI gurU drbwr ivc Swiml ho igAw[ Agly iqMn swlW ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb auQy hI rhy[

kSmIrI bRwhmxW dw c`k nwnkI Awauxw

hr roz iksy nw iksy ielwky iv`coN sMgqW „c`k nwnkI‟ AwauNdIAW rihMdIAW sn[ ienHW j`iQAW ivc 25 meI 1675 dy idn 16 kSmIrI bRwhmxW dw iek j`Qw vI c`k nwnkI AwieAw[ auh iek mohqbr is`K AwgU BweI ikrpw rwm d`q nMU vI Awpxy nwl lY ky Awey sn[ BweI ikrpw rwm kSmIr ivc is`K Drm dy sB qoN v`fy pRcwrkW ivcoN iek sn[ kSmIrI bRwhmx ies is`K AwgU dI bWh PV ky c`k nwnkI Awey Aqy q^q dmdmw swihb (hux dmdmw swihb, QVHw swihb qy Borw swihb gurduAwrw „gurU dy mhl‟ vwly kMplYks dw ih`sw hn) qy gurU swihb dy drbwr ivc Aw &irAwdI hoey[ kSmIrI bRwhmxW ny gurU swihb nMU d`isAw ik AsIN kydwr nwQ, bdrI nwQ, purI, duAwrkw, kWcI, mQrw qy hor swry ihMdU sYNtrW qoN ho Awey hW[ pr iksy ny vI swfI bWh nhIN PVI[ AsIN kSmIr dy nvyN muslmwn gvrnr ie&iq^wr ^wn dy zulm qoN qMg Aw cuky hW[ auh hr roz sYNkVy bRwhmxW nMU jbrI muslmwn bxw irhw hY[ AsIN AOrMgzyb dy ihMdU-rwjpUq vzIrW qk vI phuMc kIqI hY[ aunHW ny vI AwpxI byvsI zwihr kIqI hY[ swnMU koeI vI bhuVI nhIN hoieAw[ hux swfI Aw^rI Aws isr& gurU nwnk swihb dw dr hI hY[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny bRwhmxW dI inMmoJUxqw vyK ky aunHW nMU ikhw: “gurU nwnk swihb dy dr qoN kdy vI koeI KwlI nhIN jWdw[ vwihgurU quhwfI mdd krngy[ jwE, sUbydwr nMU AwK idau ik jy auh (gurU) qyZ bhwdr nMU muslmwn bxw lvy qW swry kSmIrI bRwhmx muslmwn bx jwxgy[”

gurU sihb dI g`l sux ky bRwhmxW dI jwn ivc jwn AweI[ auh bybs, byAws, byidl, byjwn Awey sn, pr bVy skUn, auNmId, hOsly qy cVHdI klw ivc c`k nwnkI qoN kSmIr nMU muVy[ aunHW dy jwx mgroN goibMd dws ny gurU swihb nMU sMjIdw vyK dy puiCAw ik ies msly vwsqy qusIN kI krogy? gurU swihb ny ikhw ik mYN AOrMgzyb nMU imlWgw[ pr mYnMU pqw hY ik auh k`tV suMnI muslmwn hY[ mYnMU ies mksd vwsqy ShIdI dyxI hI pYxI hY[ ies vyly goibMd dws dI aumr isr& 13 swl 4 mhIny 8 idn sI[ kSmIrI bRwhmxW dy c`k nwnkI Awaux dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

“BweI ikRpw rwm bytw AVU rwm kw, poqw nrYx dws kw, pVpoqw bRhm dws kw, bMs Twkr dws kI, gq goqR muJwl, bRwhmx, vwsI mtn, dys kSmIr, sMbq sqrW sY bqIs, jyT mwsy sudI iekwdSI ky idMh, KoVs bRwhmxoN ko gYl lY, c`k nwnkI, prgxw kihlUr, gurU qyZ bhwdr jI, mhl nWvW ky drbwr Awie PirAwdI hUAw[ gurU jI ny ienHyN DIrj deI, bcn hoAw:„qusW dI riKAw bwbw nwnk krygw‟[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI)

kvI kySv B`t ies mOky nMU ieMv ibAwn krdw hY: bWih ijnW dI pkVIey, isr dIjY bWih n CoVIey[ qyZ bhwdr boilAw, Dr peIAY, Drm n CoVIey[

gurU goibMd dws nMMU gurg`dI sONpxw

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny swry pRmuK is`KW nMU hukmnwmy Byj ky c`k nwnkI bulw ilAw[ gurU jI ny aunHW nMU swry msly bwry disAw qy ikhw ik mYN AOrMgzyb nMU jw ky imlWgw[ mYnMU pqw hY ik mYnUM ShIdI dyxI pYxI hY[ myry mgroN gurg`dI dI syvw gurU gooibMd dws sMBwlxgy[ qusIN swirAW ny ienHW dw swQ dyxw hY[ ieh XkInI hY ik ies mgroN zulm nMU rokx vwsqy hiQAwr vI cukxy pYxy hn[ ibnw lgwqwr iqAwrI dy hiQAwrbMd kwrvweI nhIN krnI hY[ ies mgroN Awp ny 8 julweI 1675 dy idn goibMd dws nMU gurg`dI sONpx dI Ardws kIqI[ 11 julweI nMU gurU swihb id`lI jwx vwsqy c`k nwnkI qoN rvwnw ho gey[ aunHW dy nwl BweI mqI dws, sqI dws qy idAwl dws vI sn[ B`t vhI muqwibk:

swvn pRivSty ATvyN ky idhuM gurU goibMd dws jI ko gurgdI dy ky idlI kI qr& jwxy kI iqAwrI kI[ swQ dIvwn mqI dws sqI dws rsoeIAw byty hIrw nMd iCbr ky idAwl dws bytw mweI dws kw jlhwnw blauNq AwieAw[ (B`t vhI qlwauNfw, prgnw jINd)[

ienHW idnW ivc AOrMgzyb id`lI ivc nhIN sI qy hsn Abdwl igAw hoieAw sI[ (AOrMgzyb 7 AprYl 1674 nMU id`lI qoN hsn Abdwl rvwnw hoieAw sI qy 27 mwrc 1676 nMU qkrIbn do swl mgroN vwips AwieAw sI)[ aus nMU kSmIr dy sUbydwr ny d`s idqw sI ik kSmIrI bRwhmx gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU iml Awey sn qy aus (gurU swihb) ny AYlwn kIqw sI ik “jy mugl srkwr mYnUM (gurU jI nMU) muslmwn bxw lvy qW swry kSmIrI bRwhmx Awpxy Awp muslmwn bx jwxgy[” ieh suxidAW AOrMgzyb ny srhMd dy sUbydwr Abdl AzIz idlwvr ^wn nMU hdwieq idqI sI ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU igR&qwr kr ky aus kol pyS kIqw jwvy[ AOrMgzyb dw hukm imlidAW hI srhMd dy sUbydwr ny iek &OjI dsqw rUpV (hux ropV) dy Qwxydwr imrzw nUr muhMmd ^wn dI kmwn hyT c`k nwnkI nMU rvwnw kr idqw sI[ ieh dsqw 11 nvMbr nMU c`k nwnkI pujw qW aunHW nMU pqw lgw ik gurU swihb qW id`lI vwsqy rvwnw ho cuky hn[ imrzw nUr muhMmd nhIN sI cwhMudw ik gurU swihb dI igR&qwrI dw eInwm aus dy h`QoN clw jwvy ies kr ky auh gurU jI dI Bwl ivc pu`Ty pYrIN au~QoN vwips muV ipAw[ aus ny kIrqpur Aw ky gurU swihb nMU l`Bx dI koiSS kIqI pr aus nUM pqw lgw ik gurU jI au~QoN vI inkl cuky sn[ hux auh mjbUr ho ky ropV nUM prq igAw[

11 julweI dI rwq gurU swihb ipMf milkpur rMGVW ivc BweI ngwhIAw dy Gr Tihry sn[ Agly idn qVky BweI mqI dws nhwaux vwsqy KUh qoN pwxI Brn igAw qW KUh ivc ifg ipAw[ Soor pYx ‟qy lok iek`Ty ho gey[ hux ipMf dy rMGVW nUM ieh vI pqw lg igAw ik guruU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI milkpur ivc hn[ aunHW ny ropV cONkI ivc ^br Byj ky &Oj mMgvw leI[ jd ropV dy Qwxydwr imrzw nUr muhMmd ^wn nUM ieh ^br imlI qW auh ^uSI ivc n`c auiTAw[ ijs nMU auh igR&qwr krn inkilAw sI, auh aus nMU AKIr l`B hI ipAw sI[ nUr muhMmd ^wn ny gurU jI, BweI mqI dws, sqI dws qy idAwl dws nUM igR&qwr kIqw Aqy ropV lY igAw[ropV qoN aus ny qy srhMd ^br Byj id`qI[ srhMd dy sUbydwr ny gurU swihb nUM srhMd mMgvw ilAw[ aus ny gurU jI nMU b`sI pTwxW dy iklyH ivc kYd kr idqw Aqy AOrMgzyb nMU ies dI ieqlwh hsn Abdwl nUM Byj idqI[

ies igR&qwrI Aqy b`sI pTwxW ivc kYd dw izkr sujwn rwey BMfwrI „Kulwsquq qvwrI^‟ ivc vI krdw hY[ ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj „B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI Kwqw jlHwny blauNqoN kw‟ ivc vI imldw hY:
gurU qyZ bhwdr mhl nwmW ko nUr muhMmd ^wn imrzw caukI rUpV vwlI ny swl sqrW sY bqIs swvn pRivSty bwrW ky idhuM gwm mlkpur rMGVW prgxw GxOlw sy pkV kr srhMd myN phuMcwieAw[ gYloN dIvwn mqI dws sqI dws byty hIr m`l iCbr blauNq ky pkVy Awey[ cwr mws bsI pTwxW bMdIKwny myN rhy[ duStW gurU jI ko Gxw kSt dIAw[ gurU jI ny Bwxy ko mwnw…

kysr isMG iCbr „bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqswhIAW kw‟ (crx nOvW, bMd 75-77), ivc vI ies dw izkr krdw hY:

ipMf qy rMGV Awey Dwie[ gih lIqy swihb qy sqI dws[ mqI dws BI KUh qy kiFAw mMgwie[…

Byj AwdmI &Oj rUpVoN mMgweI[…

so ipMjrw lohy kw kr ilAwie[ swihb iqs ivc lIqy pwie[

cauQy mhIny swihb id`lI ivc phuqy[ ivc mwrg duK pwie bhuqy[

gurU swihb nMU Brmwaux dI koiSS

jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb b`sI pTwxW iklyH ivc kYd sn qW AOrMgzyb ny srhMd dy muslmwn, nkSbMdI iPrky dy (SYK Aihmd dy g`dI-nSIn) SY^ sY&-aud-dIn dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh gurU jI nMU ieslwm Drm ivc ilAwaux vwsqy koiSS kry[ sY&-aud-dIn ny b`sI pTwxW iklHy ivc keI vwr Pyrw pwieAw Aqy gurU jI nwl crcw kIqI[ pr auh gurU jI nMU ieslwm dI au~cqw d`sx ivc kwmXwb nw ho sikAw[ AKIr aus ny hiQAwr s`ut idqy qy AOrMgzyb nMU sunyhw Byj idqw ik gurU jI nUM dlIl nwl bdilAw nhIN jw skdw qy Swied qlvwr dy fr nwl hI aunHW nMU muslmwn bxwieAw jw skdw hY[

(ienHW idnW ivc, julweI 1675 ivc, iSvwjI mrh`tw dw pu`qr sMBwjI vI PiVAw igAw sI qy aus ny kuJ idn mgroN hI eIn mMn leI sI[ AOrMgzyb ny aus nUM Cy hzwrI-Cy hzwr dw mnsb, JMfw qy ngwrw b^iSAw sI)[ „mAwisir-ie-AwlmgIrI‟, s&w 124[ pr &rvrI 1676 ivc iSvwjI dy juAweI ny qW kmwl hI kr id`qI sI[ auh muslmwn bx igAw qy aus dw nW muhMmd kulI ^wn r`iKAw igAw sI[ „mAwisir-ie-AwlmgIrI‟, s&w 51)[

SYK dw ^q imlx mgroN AOrMgzyb ny srhMd dy &Ojdwr Abdul AzIz idlwvr ^wn nMU hukm ByijAw ik gurU jI nMU ipMjry ivc pw ky id`lI iljwieAw jwey[ AOrMgzyb aunHIN idnIN id`lI muVn dI iqAwrI kr irhw sI[ pr iksy kwrn aus nUM hsn Abdwl vDyrw smW rukxw ipAw[ ies kr ky aus ny id`lI dy sUbydwr sw&I ^wn nMU

vI hdwieq ilK ByjI ik jy gurU qyZ bhwdr ieslwm kbUl kr lvy qW TIk hY nhIN qW aus nMU SwhI kwzI qoN &qvw idvw ky kql kr idqw jwvy[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI

AOrMgzyb dy hukm qy Pul cVHwauNidAW gurU jI vwsqy id`lI qoN lohy dw iek ipMjrw mMgvwieAw igAw[(ieh EhI ipMjrw sI ijs „c 1716 ivc bMdw isMG bhwdr nUM iljwieAw igAw sI)[ aunHW nMU ipMjry ivc pw ky id`lI iljwieAw igAw[ gurU jI id`lI ivc 3 nvMbr 1675 dy idn pujy Aqy (mOjUdw sIs gMj vwlI jgh) koqvwlI ivc kYd kr idqy gey[ idlI ivc Awp nMU SwhI kwzI Abdul vhwb vhury Agy pyS kIqw igAw[ kwzI ny gurU jI nMU &qvw jwrI kridAW ikhw ik jW krwmwq idKwE jW muslmwn bx jwE jW mrn vwsqy iqAwr ho jwE[ gurU swihb ny kwzI nMU jvwb idqw ik „krwmwq kihr dw nW hY[ krwmwq qW r`b Awp hI hY[ dUjw, hr ienswn nMU Awpxw AkIdw, Awpxw Drm, A^iqAwr krn dw hk hY, Aqy qIjw mOq dI g`l krdw eyN; kI muslmwn bixAW mYnUM mOq nhIN AwvygI? mOq qW vwihgurU dw hukm hY[ hr iek ny iek nw iek idn mrnw hI hY[ vwihgurU ny ijMny swh idqy hn aunHW nMU koeI Gtw jW vDw nhIN skdw[„ kwzI Aqy sUbydwr ies jvwb ‟qy iKJy qW zrUr pr aunHW ny iek idn hor gurU jI dy jvwb dI aufIk kIqI[ gurU jI v`loN nWh imlx mgroN gurU swihb nUUM qsIhy dyx dw dOr SurU ho igAw[ gurU swihb nMU qpdy hoey QMm nwl lwieAw igAw[ aunHW dy ijsm ‟qy bldI ryq pweI geI[ Agly Cy idn aunHW dw ijsm brI qrW inFwl ho igAw[ pr ieh zulm vI gurU swihb nMU bdl nw sikAw[

11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn gurU swihb dIAW A`KW dy swhmxy BweI idAwl dws nMU iek v`fI dyZ ivc pwxI ivc ibTw ky dyZ dw mMUh bMnH ky B`TI qy r~K id`qw igAw[ BweI idAwl dws dI dyh aubldy pwxI ivc &nwh ho geI[ ies mgroN BweI mqI dws nMU do lkVW dy iSkMjy ivc bMnH ky cIr idqw igAw qy BweI sqI dws nMU rMU ivc bMn ky ijaUNdy swV idqw igAw[ dihlw dyx vwly ies zulm dy bwvjUd gurU swihb Afol rhy Aqy vwihgurU dw ismrn krdy rhy[ A^Ir Swm vyly kwzI dy Aw^rI Pqvy mgroN, j`lwd jlwl-aud-dIn (smwxy vwly) ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU vI qlvwr dy ie`ko vwr nwl ShId kr idqw[

ies smyN AOrMgzyb dw ieh vI hukm sI ik gurU swihb dI dyh dy cwr tukVy kr ky Sihr dy cwry pwsy ltkw idqy jwx pr hnyrw pY cukw hox kr ky aus dy ies hukm ‟qy Aml nw ho sikAw[ auDr BweI jYqw, BweI nwnU rwm, BweI qulsI qy BweI aUdw ny gurU swihb dw sIs cuk ky ilAwaux dI qrkIb bxweI[ BweI jYqw AwpxI tokrI isr ‟qy cuk ky lY igAw Aqy rwq dy hnyry ivc gurU swihb dw sIs cuk ilAwieAw ijs nUM mgroN BweI jYqw, aUdw qy nwnU rwm c~k nwnkI lY gey[ auh id`lI qoN cl ky bwGpq pu`jy qy ie`QoN jmnw dirAw pwr kr ky krnwl, AMbwlw qy nwBw (hux nwBw swihb, cMfIgVH-pitAwlw rof ‟qy) ivc pVwA krdy hoey 16 nvbMr nUM kIrqpur qy iPr AnMdpur pu`jy qy Agly idn sIs dw sskwr gurduAwrw sIs gMj (AnMdpur swihb) vwlI QW ‟qy kr idqw[

dUjy pwsy (BweI mnI isMG dy shurw) BweI l~KI rwey vxjwrw ny, Awpxy puqrW BweI ingwhIAw, hymw qy hwVI dI mdd nwl, gurU swihb dw DV cuk ilAWdw Aqy Awpxy Gr dy AMdr, Awpxy Gr dy iek ih`sy nUM A`g lw ky (gurduAwrw rkwb gMj vwlI QW ‟qy) hI DV dw sskwr kr idqw[ gurU swihb dy sIs Aqy DV dy sskwr bwry B~t vhIAW „c ieh do ieMdrwj imldy hn:

“jYqw bytw AwigAw kw, nwnU bytw bwGy kw, aUdw bytw Kymy kw, gurU kw sIs pwie kIrqpur prgnw kihlUr Awey[ swl sqwrW sY b~qIs, mMghr sudI dsmI ky idhuM[ igAwrs ko dwg kIAw mwKoAwl myN[ Awgy gurU kI giq gurU jwny[ gurU Awp Bwxy kw KwibMd hY”[            (B~t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw audwinEN kw)

“lKIAw bytw goDU kw, ngwhIAw-hymw-hwVI byty lKIey ky, jwdo bMsIey, bVqIey knwauNq, nwiek DUMmw bytw kwnyH kw, qUMmr ibMjlauNq, gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mhl nWvW kI lwS auTwey lwey, swl sqrW sY b~qIs, mMghr sudI C~t, gurUvwr ky idhuM[ dwZ kIAw rsInw gwm myN AwD GrI rYn rhI”[ (B~t vhI jwdobMsIAW kI, Kwqw bVqIey knwauNqoN kw)

gurU swihb vyly Asl id`lI dw nW Swhjhwnwbwd sI ijs ivc lwl iklHw, slImgVH iklw, cWdnI cOk, &qihpurI, jwmw msijd, drIbw klW, dirAw gMj, kSmIrI gyt vZYrw dw ielwkw Swiml sI[ id`lI dy cWdnI cOk, knwt plys, pwrlImYNt hwaUs Aqy „rwStrpqI Bvn‟ vZYrw gurU hrikSn swihb qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy pYrW dI DUV nwl qvwrI^I bxy hoey hn[ knwt plys dw ielwkw rwjw jY isMh imrzw dI jwiedwd sI Aqy pwrlImYNt hwaUs Aqy „rwStrpqI Bvn‟ vZYrw (Xwin rweysInw ipMf) BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI jwiedwd sI[ „rweysInw‟ ipMf BweI l`KI rwey dy iek v`fy-vfyry BweI rwey sInw ny bMinHAw sI[ id`lI dy Aihswn &rwmoS hwkmW ny „l`KI rwey‟ dI Xwd ivc iek cOk dw nW vI nhIN r`iKAw[ (BweI l`KI rwey nUM mwx dyx vwsqy is`K AwgUAW ny gurduAwrw rkwb gMj dy dIvwn hwl dw nW BweI l`KI rwey dy nW ‟qy r`iKAw hY)[

AOrMgzyb dI pwlsI

Awpxy Awp nUM „AwlmgIr‟ AKvwaux vwlw, Awpxy BrwvW nUM kql krvwaux Aqy bwp nUM kYd ivc r~K ky mwrn vwlw AOrMgzyb izhnI bImwr (pervert) sI[ aus dI sMgIq nwl n&rq, snkI qbIAq, idKwvy dI SrA Aqy Dwrimk k~tVqw qoN jwpdw hY ik auh izhnI qOr ‟qy kw&I h`d qk bImwr sI[ dMB, idKwvw, n&rq, gu~sw, Aihswn-&rwmoSI, vwAdy qoN mukrnw, zulm krnw, jzbwqI qy snkI &Ysly krnw vI aus dI ies izhnI bImwrI dI pYdwvwr sn[ ZYr-muslmwnW nwl n&rq dw aus nUM SYdwA sI[ aus ny ihMdUAW dy sYNkVy mMdr, ijnHW ivc (audoN dy) l~KW rupY ^rc ky bxwey v~fy v~fy mMdr vI Swiml sn, Fwh idqy sn[ ienHW ivc mQrw dy kySvrwE mMdr (1666 ivc), bnwrs dw ivSvnwQ mMdr (1669 ivc), mQrw dw gopInwQ mMdr (1669 ivc), aujYn, knOj, Ajmyr qy bMgwl dy keI mMdr vI Swiml sn[ AOrMgzyb ny qW 1659 ivc hkUmq sMBwlidAW hI hukm jwrI kr idqy sn ik ihMdUAW nMU koeI nvW mMdr bxwaux dI iejwzq nhIN hovygI[ ies hukm muqwibk pihlW bxy mMdr kwiem rihx dI iejwzq sI[ pr g`dI sMBwlx qoN 6 swl mgroN aus ny Awpxw hukm bdl idqw qy swry purwxy v`fy mMdr Fwhux dy hukm jwrI kr idqy[ hYrwnI dI g`l qW ieh hY ik ijnHW SihrW ivc mMdr Fwhy gey, aunHW ivcoN bhuiqAW dy sUbydwr jW &Ojdwr jW koqvwl ihMdU rwjpUq sn[

jnvrI 1679 ivc aus ny audYpur dw mMdr FwihAw; hwlWik audYpur iek ihMdU-rwjpUq irAwsq sI[ 8 mwrc nUM KMfylw, swnymylw qy Awly-duAwly dy mMdr Aqy 25 meI 1679 nUM joDpur dy mMdr Fwh id`qy qy ies dIAW mUrqIAW qoV ky jwmw msijd dIAW pOVIAW hyTW pYrW hyT ilqwVn vwsqy rK id`qIAW[ joDpur vI iek v`fI ihMdU-rwjpUq irAwsq sI[ pihlW jnvrI 1670 ivc mQrw ivc nr isMh buMdylw dw bxwieAw iek bVw v`fw mMdr vI Fwh id`qw sI qy mQrw dw nW bdl ky „ieslwmwbwd‟ r`K id`qw sI[ ies vyly mQrw dw &Ojdwr ihMdU rwjpUq sI[ 10 Agsq 1680 dy idn bnyr dy 66 mMdrW nUM Fwhux dI ^br bwdSwh nUM id`qI geI sI[ ieQoN pqw lgdw hY ik rwjpUq rwjy qy &Ojdwr eyny nwmrd qy byZYrq sn ik auh Awpxy rwj ivc mMdr Fwhy jwx dy i^lw& vI Awvwz qk auTwaux vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sn[ (ienHW swrIAW GtnwvW dw izkr „mAwisir-ie-AwlmgIrI‟ ivc (pMjwbI XUnIvristI dI pMjwbI ivc qrjmw hoeI AYfISn) s&y 80, 156, 158, 169, 176 „qy imldw hY)[

AOrMgzyb ny qW ihMdUAW qy jzIAw vI lwgU kr idqw sI qy cuMgI dI dr muslmwnW qoN dugxI kr idqI sI[ AOrMgzyb ny is`KW dIAW DrmswlwvW Fwhux dw hukm vI jwrI kIqw sI qy bUVIAw ksby dI Drmswlw Fwh vI idqI sI (pr AOrMgzyb dy ijaUNidAW hI, is`KW ny jldI hI ies nMU dubwrw auswr ilAw sI)[

dUjy pwsy AOrMgzyb ny iSvwjI mrh`tw nwl „dosqI‟ bxwaux dI pUrI koiSS kIqI sI[ aus ny qW iSvwjI dy pu`qr sMBwjI nUM julweI 1675 ivc Cy hzwrI Cy hzwr svwr dw mnsb vI id`qw sI qy nwl hI eInwm vjoN A`sI hzwr dwm, JMfw qy ngwrw vI b^iSS kIqy sn[ (swkI musqAwd ^wn, „mAwisir AwlmgIrI‟, pMjwbI AYfISn, s&w 124)[ auN\ pihlW iSvwjI mrh`tw dw juAweI nyqU Kqnw krvw ky muslmwn bx igAw sI qy aus nUM nvW nW kulI ^wn id`qw igAw sI qy nwl hI iqMn hzwrI do hzwr dw mnsb vI id`qw igAw sI („mAwisir AwlmgIrI‟, s&w 80)[ ieh v`KrI g`l hY ik AOrMgzyb dI iSvwjI nwl pUrI ieksurqw nw bx skI[ iSvwjI au~nI meI 1680 dy idn mr igAw („mAwisir AwlmgIrI‟, s&w 176)[

AOrMgzyb dI ZYr-muslmwnW nwl n&rq dw kwrn, aus dw srhMd dw nkSbMdI ausqwd sI[ auh bcpn ivc pihly kuJ swl qW sulqwnpur loDI ivc pVHdw irhw sI pr Pyr auh SYK sY&-aud-dIn dy Asr hyT Aw igAw sI[ nkSbMdI i&rky dw ieh g`dIdwr byhd i&rkU Aqy muq`sb nwl BirAw zihrIlw S^s sI[ aus ny AOrMgzyb dy idl ivc ZYr-muslmwnW vwsqy zihr Br idqw, jo aus ny Aw^rI swhW qk sMBwlI r`iKAw[ AOrMgzyb dI iesy bImwr izhnIAq ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM ShId krn dw hukm id`qw sI[

ShIdI mgroN

AOrMgzyb 7 AprYl 1674 nUM id`lI qoN hsn Abdwl nUM cilAw sI qy 26 jUn nUM au~Qy pu`j igAw sI[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM ShId kIqy jwx dI ^br aus nUM nvMbr 1675 dy A^Ir ivc iml cukI sI[ auh 23 dsMbr 1675 nUM vwips cl ipAw qy 21 jnvrI 1676 nUM lwhOr Aqy ie`QoN 24 &rvrI nUM cl ky 27 mwrc 1676 nUM id`lI pu`jw[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI nwl is`KW ivc bVw ros Aqy roh pYdw hoieAw[ is`K AOrMgzyb nUM szw dyxI cwhuMdy sn, pr AOrMgzyb bVI ih&wzq ivc rihMdw sI[ ies sikauirtI dy bwvjUd qvwrI^ ivc iqMn GtnwvW imldIAW hn jdoN is`KW ny AOrMgzyb ‟qy hmlw kIqw sI[

27 AkqUbr 1676 dy idn byVI coN auqrdy bwdSwh ‟qy iek is`K ny ie`tW nwl hmlw kIqw[ ies Gtnw dw izkr „mAwisir-ie-AwlmgIrI‟ dw lyKk (s&w 135 ‟qy) ieM\ krdw hY:

“19 qwrI^ rwjb (vIrvwr 27 AkqUbr 1676) nUM SihnSwh ikSqI qoN auqr ky q^q-ie-rvW ‟qy svwr ho rhy sn qW iek bdiksmq isr iPry ny jo gurU qyZ isMG dw cylw sI, do ie`tW su`tIAW ijnHw ivcoN iek q^q auqy if`gI[ jlO dy ipAwidAW ny aus mMd Bwgy nUM kuqvwl dy hvwly kr id`qw[”

ieho ijhIAW do hor GtnwvW, jUn-julweI 1767 ivc cWdnI cONk ivc AOrMgzyb ‟qy iq`KI fWg (Swied nyzw) aulwr ky s`utxw, iPr 19 AkqUbr 1767 nMU jwmw msijd dIAW pOVIAW qoN auqr ky GoVy ‟qy cVHdy qy qlvwr nwl hmlw krnw, vI hoeIAW sn („mAwisir-AwlmgIrI‟, s&y 135-36)[

BwvyN ienHW mwmUlI hmilAW nwl AOrMgzyb ny nw mrnw sI qy nw hI mirAw pr ies ivcoN is`KW dw roh zrUr zwihr hMudw hY[ ieh kihxw Zlq hY ik gurU jI dI ShIdI mgroN is`K dihl gey sn Aqy ^ud nMU is`K kihx qoN frn lg pey sn[ gurU jI dw sIs qy DV cu`k ky ilAwaux Aqy aupr izkr kIqy iqMn hmly swibq krdy hn ik is`K sgoN roh qy gu`sy ivc sn pr AOrMgzyb dI zbrdsq sikaUirtI kwrn aunHW dw v`s nhIN sI cilAw vrnw auh aus nMU szw zrUr dyNdy[

gurU swihb dI bwxI

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb iek mhwn jrnYl, ivdvwn, pRcwrk Aqy jQybMdk AwgU dy nwl-nwl kmwl dI bwxI rcn vwly vI sn[ aunHW ny 59 pdy qy 57 slokW dI rcnw kIqI[ aunHW dI bwxI dw invyklw AMdwz hY[ AwsW BrI, rUhwnI vYrwg nwl lbryz, nwm ismrn, Bly kMm, ie^lwk, isAwsI &ls&w qy jIvn jwc sbMDI rcy ienHW SbdW dI bolI BwvyN Awswn hY pr aunHW ny in`ky-in`ky slokW ivc jo is`K &ls&w pyS kIqw auh ku`jy ivc smMudr bMd krn vwlI g`l hY[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb isr& 54 swl ies dunIAW ivc ivcry sn pr aunHW ny qvwrI^ ivc bVw Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ gurg`dI sMBwlx qoN 20-25 swl pihlW vI auh Drm pRcwr ivc v`fw rol Adw kr rhy sn[ aunHW ny jMgW ivc ih`sw ilAw, bwdSwhW dy smJOqy krvwey, nvyN ngr vswey, lok BlweI dy pRwjYkt nypry cwVHy (KUh luAwey, srovr bxwey qy bwaulIAW bxweIAW)[ aunHW ny is`K pMQ nUM swry jzIry ivc jQybMd kIqw qy bhuq v`fy ielwky ivc Drm prcwr kIqw[ (ienHW ivcoN qkrIbn 200 QWvW ‟qy aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwry bxy hoey sn)[

gurU qyZ bhwdr is`K Drm dy dUjy ShId gurU sn pr auh dunIAW Br dI Dwrimk qvwrI^ ivc, DrmW dI AwzwdI dy, pihly ShId sn ijnW ny Awpxy AkIdy, AsUlW Aqy Awx-Swn hI nhIN blik swrI dunIAW dy lokW dy Dwrimk h`kW vwsqy ShIdI jwm pIqw[

16 kSmIrI bRwhmx, ijhVy 25 meI 1675 dy idn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kol &irAwdI hoey sn, aunHW ny gurU jI dI ShIdI mgroN ihMdU Drm C`f ky is`K Drm A^iqAwr kr ilAw Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI &Oj ivc Swiml ho gey[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gurU goibMd isMG swihb

gurU goibMd swihb dw jnm 18 dsMbr 1661 dy idn ptnw (ibhwr) ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy gujrI dy Gr hoieAw sI[ keI ilKwrI Awp dw jnm 1666 ivc mMndy hn pr aunHW lyKkW ny bhuq swry nvyN l`By purwxy qvwrI^I somy pVyH nhIN jwpdy[ ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj „B`t vhI d`KxI-pUrbI‟ ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

“…goibMd dws bytw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mhl nwmW kw, poqw gurU hirgoibMd jI kw…soFI KqrI bwsI ptnw Sihr qt ndI sMmq sqrW sY ATwrW poK mwsy sudI spqmI buDvwr ky idhuM rYn FlI jnm hUAw idhuM fly[ mwqw nwnkI jI ny grIb gurby ko dwn dIAw, rYx peI dIpmwlw hUeI, bVw kqUhl hUAw[ kweI vwrw pwr nhIN sI Awie rhw, gurU gurU jpxw, jnm saurYgw gurU hr QWie shweI hogu[

gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy jnm dIAW cwr qwrI^W imldIAW hn: 1666, 1661, 1668 qy 1669 (1668 isr& SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI ikqwb „gur pRxwlIAW‟ ivc dwAvw kIqI geI hY qy 1669 pwl isMG puryvwl ny k`FI hY)[ ienHW iv`coN 1666 nUM ADwr mMn ky kuJ lyKkW ny gurU swihb nUM nON swl ivc gurg`dI idvw id`qI sI jo shI nhIN hY[ is`K qvwrI^ dy sB qoN purwxy soimAW ivc kysr isMG iCbr dw „bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqswhIAW dw‟ (1769) hY jW „B`t vhIAW‟ (sqwrvIN sdI) hn[ auh sB 1661 hI ilKdIAW hn[ AMgryz lyKkW ivcoN kinMGm vI iehI mMndw hY („ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz‟ (1846), s&w 74)[ auh sw& ilKdw hY ik 1708 ivc aunHW dI aumr 47 vrHy sI[ kpUrQlw irAwsq v`loN rwm suK rwE qoN ilKvweIAW

„&qih isMG pRBwkr‟ Aqy „j`sw isMG ibnod‟ (1850 dy krIb) ivc vI 18 dsMbr 1661 vwlI qwrI^ ilKI hoeI hY[

Awp dy mwipAW ny Awp dw nW goibMd dws r`iKAw[ goibMd dws dy bcpn dy pihly swFy A`T swl ptnw ivc hI bIqy sn[ ies dOrwn Awp ƒ Awp dy Coty mwmy ikrpwl (KMfy dI pwhul mgroN ikrpwl isMG), BweI caupiq rwie (cOpw isMG), dwdI mwqw nwnkI qoN ielwvw syT jYq ml Aqy rwjw &qih Swh mYxI dy prvwrW dw in`Gw ipAwr hwisl hoieAw[ Awp ny ies smyN dOrwn ibhwrI-ihMdI, sMsikRq Aqy &wrsI zbwnW pVHIAW Aqy ies dy nwl-nwl gurbwxI, i&lws&I Aqy ieiqhws dI vI jwxkwrI hwisl kIqI[ jd bwl goibMd dws ptnw ivc sn qW Awp dy ipqw gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aswm, bMgwl qy ibhwr dy dOry ‟qy jWdy rihMdy sn[ 1664 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb qy mwqw nwnkI pMjwb ƒ muV gey[ Agsq 1664 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb gurg`dI ‟qy bYTy[ ies mgroN aunHW ny 19 jUn 1665 dy idn „c`k nwnkI‟ (AnMdpur swihb) dI nINh r`KI[ jnvrI 1666 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb

Pyr pUrb v`l cly gey[ Agly pMj swl auh mOjUdw auqr pRdyS, ibhwr, bMgwl, Aswm, iqRpurw Aqy mOjUdw bMglw dyS ivc is`K Drm dw prcwr krdy rhy[ 1670 dIAW grmIAW ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb iPr pMjwb vl muV pey[ aunHW ny mwqw gujrI Aqy goibMd dws ƒ vI pMjwb muV jwx vwsqy AwK idqw[

julweI 1670 ivc mwqw gujrI, mwmw ikrpwl Aqy kuJ is`KW nwl bwl goibMd dws pMjwb vl cl pey[ Awp ptnw qoN AXu`iDAw, lKnaU, nwnkm`qw, knKl (hrduAwr) qy AMbwlw huMdy hoey 28 Agsq 1670 dy idn Awpxy nwnky ipMf lKnOr pu`jy[ lKnOr ivc Awp dy v`fy mwmy imhr cMd suiB`KI ny Awp ƒ zmrUdI rMg dI dsqwr sjweI[ ies vyly Awp dI aumr 8 swl 8 mhIny 10 idn sI[ ies dsqwrbMdI sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

gurU goibMd dws jI bytw gurU qyZ bhwdr mhl nwmy kw, poqw gurU hirgoibMd jI kw, pVpoqw gurU Arjn jI kw, DMn gurU rwmdws jI kI gosl goqr soFI KqrI, lKnOr Awey, prgwnw AMbwlw sMmq sqrW sY sqweIs ASv mwsy Suklw p`Ky, nvIN ky idhuM[ gYl mwqw gujrI jI Awey, iesqrI gurU qyZ bhwdr jI kI, ikrpwl cMd AwieAw bytw lwl cMd suiBKI kw, swDU rwm AwieAw bytw Drmy Kosly kw, caupiq rwie AwieAw bytw pYry iCbr kw, guAwl dws AwieAw bytw Cut ml iCbr kw, ikrpw rwm AwieAw bytw AVU rwm dq kw[ dsmI ky roz mwmU myhr cMd ny gurU goibMd jI ko zmrUdI rMg dI pwg bMDweI[ (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI)[

kuJ idn lKnOr ivc rihx mgroN goibMd dws bkwlw cly gey[ bkwlw ivc Awp do ku swl rhy[ mwrc 1673 ivc Awp ny ipqw-gurU jI kol ^wihS zwihr kIqI ik mYN AwpxI dwdI dy nW ‟qy visAw ipMf vyKxw cwhuMdw hW[ aunHIN idnIN hI iblwspur qoN rwxI cMpw dI ic`TI vI AweI[ ijs ivc aus ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy swihbzwdw goibMd dws dy drSnW dI ie`Cw zwihr kIqI[ rwxI dI qWG dw pqw gurU swihb ƒ pihloN vI lg cukw sI[ ies kr ky aunHW ny PYslw kIqw kIqw ik auh AglI ivswKI dw iek`T c`k nwnkI ivc krngy[ 28 mwrc 1672 ƒ pihlI ivswK sI qy gurU jI ies qoN iek h&qw pihlW c`k nwnkI p`uj gey[ ies mOky ‟qy hzwrW is`K c`k nwnkI p`ujy qy nvyN ngr ivc ^Ub rOxkW bxIAW[

kuJ idn mgroN rwxI cMpw dw vzIr c`k nwnkI AwieAw qy gurU swihb ƒ iblwspur Awaux dI Arz kIqI[ AprYl 1672 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb rwxI cMpw ƒ drSn dyx vwsqy iblwspur gey[ gurU swihb dy Awaux ‟qy iblwspur ngr nvIN vhutI vWg sjwieAw hoieAw sI[ rwxI cMpw ^uSI ivc Pu`lI nhIN smw rhI sI[ rwxI cMpw Aqy aus dy pu`qr rwjw BIm cMd ny gurU jI ƒ SwhI „jI AwieAW‟ AwiKAw[ gurU swihb iqMn idn iblwspur ivc rhy Aqy Pyr c`k nwnkI prq gey[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb mwrc 1673 dy Aw^rI h&qy qoN 10 julweI 1675 qk c`k nwnkI ivc rhy[ ienHW idnW ivc swry pwsy qoN is`K sMgqW c`k nwnkI Awaux lg peIAW[ ienHW idnW ivc hI lwhOr qoN BweI hirjs suiB`KI vI drSnW vwsqy AwieAw[ aus dI bytI bIbI jIqW (KMfy dI pwhul lYx mgroN jIq kOr) dI mMgxI goibMd dws nwl 12 meI 1673 dy idn kIqI geI[ ies dy nwl hI BweI bjr isMG ƒ goibMd dws nUM Ssqr clwaux qy GoV svwrI isKwaux vwsqy qwienwq kIqw[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI mgroN

kSmIr dy bRwhmxW nUM jbrI muslmwn bxwey jwx dy i^lw& gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny Awvwz auTweI qW aunHW nUM 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn ShId kr id`qw igAw[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI mgroN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny is`K pMQ dI vwg-for sMBwlI[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI ny is`KW ivc bVw roh BirAw pr gurU goibMd swihb ny aunHW ƒ iek-dm jvwb dyx qoN roikAw[ ies swry kwrj qoN pihlW gurU jI is`K &Oj ƒ pUrI qrHW iqAwr krnw cwhuMdy sn[ gurU swihb ny v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc is`K Drm dy pRcwr qy pRswr ƒ jQybMd kIqw[ ies dOrwn lwhOr qoN BweI hirjs suiB`KI ny gurU swihb dI SwdI vwsqy zor pwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ aus dI cwh sI ik gurU swihb brwq lY ky lwhOr Awaux[ pr gurU swihb ny lwhOr, ih&wzq p`KoN, jwxw shI nw smiJAw[ pr, hox vwly shury dI ^wihS pUrI krn vwsqy, gurU swihb ny AwnMdpur swihb qoN XwrHW ku iklomItr dUr „gurU dw lwhOr‟ dI nINh r`KI[ BweI hrjs suiB`KI qy aunHW dw prvwr ieQy Aw igAw Aqy 21 jUn 1677 dy idn gurU goibd isMG swihb dw ivAwh ies jgHw ‟qy hoieAw[ (aus ivAwh dI Xwd sbMDI gurU dw lwhOr ivc gurduAwry bxy hoey hn)[

gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp mkMml krnw

1678 ivc gurU goibMd swihb ny gurU gRMQ swihb dw nvW mukMml srUp iqAwr krvwauxw SurU kIqw[ ijs vkq gurU gRMQ dw srUp iqAwr krvwauxw SurU kIqw, aus vkq gurU gRMQ swihb dI “Awid bIV” DIrm`lIAW kol sI[ DIr m`l Awp qW 16 nvMbr 1677 dy idn AOrMgzyb dI kYd ivc mr cu`kw sI qy aus dy v`fy pu`qr rwm cMd ƒ 24 julweI 1678 dy idn AOrMgzyb ny cWdnI cOk id`lI ivc kql krvw id`qw sI[ rwm cMd mgroN aus dw Cotw Brw, Bwr m`l, DIr m`l dw vwirs bixAw[ 

Agsq 1678 ivc rwm cMd dI AMiqm rsm ‟qy gurU swihb ny BweI mnI isMG ƒ bkwlw ByijAw[ rsm pUrI hox mgroN BweI mnI isMG ny Bwr m`l ƒ AwiKAw ik gurU swihb nvW srUp iqAwr krnw cwhuMdy hn, ies kr ky auh kuJ idnW vwsqy “Awid bIV” dy dyvy[ Bwr m`l ny bIV c`k nwnkI Byjx vwsqy Ais`Dy qrIky nwl nWh kr id`qI Aqy AwiKAw ik mYN hux bkwlw C`f ky krqwrpur (jlMDr) rihx l`g pYxw hY[ gurU swihb iksy ƒ au~Qy Byj ky “Awid bIV” dw auqwrw krvw lYx[ ies mgroN gurU swihb BweI mnI rwm (BweI mnI isMG) ny gurU swihb dI hdwieq ‟qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI bwxI Swiml krvw ky dmdmI srUp iqAwr kIqw[ ikauNik ieh srUp dmdmw swihb (AnMdpur swihb) ivc mukMml kIqw igAw sI ies kr ky ies nUM „dmdmI bIV‟ nW id`qw igAw sI[

&Oj dI iqAwrI qy „rxjIq ngwrw‟

hux gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny is`KW ƒ &OjI p`KoN vI jQybMd krnw SurU kr id`qw[ AwauNdy idnW ivc pyS hox vwly msilAW ƒ swhvyN rKidAW gurU swihb ny c`k nwnkI ivc Kwlsw &Oj dI iqAwrI vI SurU kr id`qI[ bhuq swry nOjvwn gurU swihb dI syvw ivc hwizr ho gey[ aunHW ƒ hr qrHW dI &OjI isKlweI id`qI geI[ &rvrI ivc gurU swihb ny iek ngwrw vI iqAwr krvwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ mwrc 1680 dy SrU ivc ieh „rxjIq ngwrw‟ iqAwr ho igAw[ 5 mwrc 1680 qoN hr dIvwn dy mOky ‟qy ieh ngwrw vjwieAw jwx lg ipAw[ ies dy nwl hI gurU swihb ny is`KW ƒ hukmnwmy Byjy qy AwiKAw ik ijhVw vI is`K c`k nwnkI Awvy, auh Awpxy nwl cMgy GoVy, cMgy hiQAwrW Aqy cMgy gRMQW dI Bytw lY ky Awvy[ Awaux vwly swlW ivc c`k nwnkI ivc vDIAw qoN vDIAw gRMQ, vDIAw nsl dy GoVy qy hr qrHW dy hiQAwr phuMc cu`ky sn[

iqRpurw dy rwjy dw c`k nwnkI Awauxw

jdoN 1668 dy SurU ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb rwjw rwm isMh dy nwl Aswm gey sn qW au~Qy iqRpurw qy jYNqIAw dw rwjw rwm isMh vI gurU swihb ƒ imilAw[ aus dI dUjI SwdI ƒ vI kw&I swl ho gey sn pr aus dy Gr koeI b`cw nhIN sI hoieAw[ aus ny gurU swihb qoN ASIrvwd mMgI[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ ikhw ik iksy dI ASIrvwd nwl murwdW pUrIAW nhIN huMdIAW[ ieh sB kuJ vwihgurU dy Bwxy ivc hY, ies kr ky aus A`gy Ardwis kr, Aqy jy aunHW dI imhr hoeI qW qyrI murwd zrUr pUrI hovygI[ swl dy Aw^Ir ‟c rwjw rwm isMh dy Gr bytw pYdw hoieAw[ aus ny aus b`cy dw nW rqn rwey r`iKAw[ 1680 ivc rwjw rwm isMh dI mOq ho geI[ hux iqRpurw dI g`dI ‟qy rqn rwey bYTw (aus dw nW rqn mnkIXw iliKAw vI imldw hY)[ rwjw rqn rwey dI mW ny aus ƒ is`K Drm dI is`iKAw id`qI[ auh rqn rwey nUM gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dIAW g`lW suxwauNdI rihMdI sI[ iek idn rqn rwey ny AwpxI mW ƒ ikhw ik mYN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy drSn krnw cwhuMdw hW[ aus dI mW ny aus ƒ d`isAw ik auh gurU swihb qW 1675 ivc ShId kr id`qy gey sn[ jdoN rqn rwey ƒ gurU swihb dI ShIdI dw pqw l`gw qW auh Put-Put ky ro ipAw[ aus dI mW ny aus ƒ hOslw id`qw qy d`isAw ik BwvyN nONvyN gurU ijmmwnI qOr ‟qy hwizr nhIN hn pr aunHW dI rUh aunHW dy byty dsvyN gurU ivc pRkwS krdI hY[ ies ‟qy rwjw rqn rwey ny AwpxI mW ƒ AwiKAw ik mYnUM dsvyN gurU swihb dy drSn krvw idE[

rwjw rqn rwey ny c`k nwnkI Awaux vwsqy iqAwrI krnI SurU kr id`qI[ aus bwrHW swl dy bwlk ny kuJ qoh&y iljwx bwry soicAw[ ienHW qohi&AW ivc iek hwQI vI sI[ ieh hwQI koly vrgw kwly rMg dw sI qy ies dI suMf qoN pUC qk iek s&Yd DwrI sI[ rqn rwey ny iek pMc klw hiQAwr vI iqAwr krvwieAw[ ies dIAW klW mroVn nwl ieh psqOl, gurj, brCI, qlvwr qy nyzw bx jWdw sI[ rqn rwey ny iek cMnx dI cwr puqlIAW vwlI cOkI, sony dw icqrdwr ktorw, ijgh, klZI, moqIAW dI ^UbsUrq mwlw vI iqAwr krvweI[ ieh swrIAW cIzw iek`TIAW krn dy nwl-nwl rqn rwey ny prswdI hwQI ƒ keI qrHW vI isKlweI vI id`qI[

rwjw rqn rwey AwpxI mW qy kuJ drbwrIAW ƒ lY ky 12 AkqUbr 1680 dy idn c`k nwnkI pu`jw[ auh gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy drSn kr ky bhuq ^uS hoieAw[ aus vyly rqn rwey isr& 12 swl dw sI[ rqn rwey ny Awpxy qoh&y gurU swihb ƒ Byt kIqy[ jdoN aus ny hwQI ƒ nyVy ilAWdw qW hwQI ny AwpxI suMf nwl lotw (j`g) cu`k ky gurU swihb dy pYr Doqy[ iPr qOlIey nwl gurU swihb dy pYr pUMJy qy aunHW dy mOjy is`Dy kr ky r`Ky[ ies mgroN hwQI ny AwpxI suMf nwl gurU swihb dy isr ‟qy cOr qy p`Kw Julwey[ jdoN gurU swihb ny iek qIr clwieAw qW hwQI aus qIr ƒ cu`k ilAwieAw[ SwmW vyly hwQI ny AwpxI suMf nwl bldI imSwl cu`k ky gurU swihb ƒ rwh idKwieAw Aqy hor AnykW krqb idKwey[ rqn rwey ny pMc klw Ssqr vI gurU swihb ƒ clw ky idKwieAw[

gurU swihb rqn rwey dy ipAwr‟qy bVy ivgsy[ aunHW aus ƒ pu`iCAw ik mYN qyry vwsqy kI kr skdw hW? rwjw rqn rwey ny gurU swihb qoN is`KI dI dwq mMgI[ rqn rwey c`k nwnkI ivc eynw ^uS sI ik aus dw vwips iqRpurw jwx ƒ idl nhIN krdw sI[ A^Ir pMj mhIny bIq jwx mgroN gurU swihb ny aus ƒ AwiKAw ik auh vwips iqRpurw jw ky AwpxI irAwsq dI vwg-for sMBwly[ jwx qoN pihlW gurU swihb ny aus ƒ keI kImqI qoh&y id`qy[ aus dI Arz ‟qy gurU swihb ny iek sO dy krIb is`K &OjI vI aus dy nwl Byjy[ (ienHW is`KW dIAW nslW A`j vI au~Qy hI rih rhIAW hn)[

c`k nwnkI ‟c kvI qy ivdvwn

gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny ij`Qy cMgI &Oj bxw leI sI Aqy cMgy GoVy qy cMgy hiQAwr iek`Ty kr ley sn Aqy „rxjIq ngwrw‟ vjwauxw SurU kr id`qw sI, au~Qy c`k nwnkI ƒ ivdvwnW, SwierW Aqy &nkwrW dw sYNtr vI bxw ilAw sI[ gurU swihb dy drbwr ivc AMimRq rwey Aqy BweI nMd lwl vrgy kmwl dy Swier vI Aw cu`ky sn[ BweI nMd lwl c`k nwnkI ivc mwrc 1682 ivc AwieAw sI[ ies mgroN hor vI drjnW Swier qy klwkwr gurU swihb dy drbwr ‟c Swiml hoey sn[ Agly iqMn swl c`k nwnkI ivc &OjI mSkW Aqy kvI drbwrW dI rOxk bxI rhI[ kvI drbwrW ivc bhuq swry kvI (iek irvwieq muqwibk 52 kvI) qy bhuq swry hor &nkwr hwizr hoieAw krdy sn[ ies dOrwn 3 mwrc 1683 dy idn gurU swihb ny c`k nwnkI ivc holw mh`lw mnwieAw[ ies mOky ‟qy GoV-dOV, kuSqIAW, gqkw Aqy msnUhI lVweIAW dy mukwbly krvwey gey[ ies rsm ƒ ihMdU iqauhwr holI dy idnW ivc SurU krn dw mksd iek pwsy qW lokW ƒ holI ivc rMg pwaux dI byhUdw qy bymwAnw rsm qoN htwauxw sI qy dUjy pwsy is`KW ƒ ijsmwnI qy &OjI p`KoN qkVy krnw vI sI[

pwauNtw swihb dI nINh r`Kxw

ienHW idnW ivc „c`k nwnkI‟ iek Aihm ngr bx cukw sI[ ies ƒ vyK ky kuJ phwVI rwjy eIrKw krn l`g pey sn[ iblwspur dw rwjw BIm cMd vI gurU swihb nwl iv`tr igAw sI[ auh ies kr ky nwrwz ho igAw sI ikauNik gurU swihb ny aus dy mMgx ‟qy prswdI hwQI nhIN sI id`qw[ aus ny „c`k nwnkI‟ v`l vI kYrI ingwh nwl vyKxw SurU kr id`qw[ ies hwlq ivc, ie`q&wkn, 1685 dy SurU ivc, nwhn dy rwjy mydnI pRkwS ny gurU swihb ƒ AwpxI irAwsq ivc drSn dyx dI Arz kIqI[ 14 ApRYl 1685 dy idn gurU swihb nwhn pu`jy[ nwhn dy rwjy ny gurU swihb ƒ qih-idloN „jI AwieAw‟ AwiKAw[ gurU swihb kuJ idn nwhn dy rwjy dy mhl ivc Tihry Aqy ielwky dIAW sMgqW ƒ inhwl kIqw[ ies dOrwn rwjy ny gurU swihb ƒ Arz kIqI ik auh aus dI irAwsq ivc invws r`Kx[ gurU swihb ny aus  dy jzbwq vyKdy hoey irAwsq dw dOrw kIqw Aqy dirAw jmnw dy kMFy mOjUdw pwauNtw vwlI jgHw ‟qy iek nvW ngr vswaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ pwauNtw dI nINh gurU swihb ny 29 AprYl 1685 dy idn, dIvwn nMd cMd sMGw koloN Ardws krvw ky, BweI rwm kuMvr (KMfy dI pwhul mgroN BweI gurbKS isMG) dy h`QoN moVHI gfvw ky rKvweI[ gurU swihb Agly iqMn swl pMj mhIny pwauNtw swihb ivc Tihry[

ie`Qy 11 meI 1685 dy idn rwm rwie (ijs nUM gurU hir rwie swihb jI ny gurg`dI qoN byd^l kr idqw sI) gurU swihb nUM imlx AwieAw[ aus ny gurU jI qoN AwpxI Bu`l b^SvweI Aqy muV is`KI prvwr ivc Swiml ho igAw (1687 ivc rwm rwey dI mOq ho geI)[

BMgwxI dI lVweI

ie`Qy rihMidAW, 18 isqMbr 1688 dy idn, gVHvwl dy rwjy &qy Swh ny rwmrwey dy msMd gurb^S dy BVkwaux ‟qy gurU jI ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies mOky ‟qy ipMf BMgwxI ivc bVI zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc gurU swihb ny &qih Swh dIAW POjW ƒ burI qrHW iSksq id`qI[ ies lVweI ivc kuJ is`K vI ShId hoey[

ies bwry B`t vhIAW ivc ies dw izkr ieM\ imldw hY :

“aUdIAw bytw Kymy cMdnIey kw, rmwnW, gurU kI bUAw ky byty sMgo Swh, jIq m`l byty swDU ky poqy Drmy Kosly KqrI ky gYl rn BUmI myN Awey[ swl sqrW sY pYNqwlIs Asuj pRivSty ATwrW, BMgwxI ky mlHwn jmnw igrI ky miDAwn, rwj nwhn, eyk GrI idhuM Kly jUJMqy sUirEN gYl swmyNH mwQy jUJ kr mrw, gYloN hTI cMd bytw mweI dws kw….jlHwnw blauNq mwrw igAw[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw rmwinEN kw)

c`k nwnkI v`l vwpsI
BMgwxI dI lVweI ivc gurU sihb dI Swndwr ij`q mgroN iblwspur dy rwjy BIm cMd ƒ Aihsws ho igAw ik jy kr gurU swihb &qih Swh vrgy rwjy nUM hrw skdy hn qW aunHW dI &OjI qwkq dw &wiedw auTwauxw cwhIdw hY[ jy gurU jI myrI irAwsq dy nyVy rhy qW myrI vI ih&wzq rhygI[ ies iKAwl nwl auh hux muV gurU swihb dy nyVy Awauxw cwhuMdw sI[ ieh soc ky aus ny AwpxI mwqw ƒ Arz kIqI ik auh gurU swihb ƒ ^q ilK ky „c`k nwnkI‟ vwips bulw lvy[ ies ‟qy iblwspur dI rwxI cMpw ny keI ^q ilK ky gurU swihb ny Arz kIqI sI ik auh aus dI irAwsq ivc vwips Aw ky muV rOxkW kwiem krn[ pwauNtw swihb ivc hwzr isMGW nwl ivcwr kr ky gurU swihb ny c`k nwnkI jwx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ nwhn dy rwjy ny bVI koiSS kIqI ik gurU jI nwhn irAwsq ‟coN nw jwx pr Awp ny aus ƒ idlwsw id`qw qy iqAwrI SurU kr id`qI[

Awp 28 AkqUbr 1688 dy idn pwauNtw swihb qoN c`ly Aqy kpwl mocn, lwhVpur, tokw, dwbrw, rwxI dw rwiepur, FkOlI, nwFw, mnImwjrw, kotlw inhMg, GnOlw, buMgw, AtwrI, kIrqpur huMdy hoey c`k nwnkI phuMc gey[

Awp dy Awaux nwl c`k nwnkI ivc Pyr rOxkW SurU ho geIAW[ rwxI cMpw ƒ jdoN gurU swihb dw nwhn irAwsq qoN c`k nwnkI Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW auh bhuq KuS hoeI[ auh keI swlW qoN gurU swihb dy drSnW ƒ qWG rhI sI[ aumr v`loN vI auh bhuq vfyrI ho cu`kI sI[ ijauN hI aus ƒ gurU swihb dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw, aus ny Awpxy vzIr Byj ky gurU swihb ƒ iblwspur Awaux dI Arz kIqI[ ^q imlidAW hI gurU swihb ny iblwspur jwx dw &Yslw kIqw[ jdoN rwxI ƒ gurU swihb dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW auh Awpxy pu`qr rwjw BIm cMd ƒ lY ky gurU swihb ƒ jI AwieAW AwKx vwsqy ngr dy drvwzy qk phuMcI[ pMj idn gurU jI iblwspur rhy qy Pyr c`k nwnkI prq Aweyy[

AnMdpur dI nINh rKxw

c`k nwnkI prqx mgroN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny ies ipMf dy nwl hI iek nvyN ngr dw mu`F bMinHAw[ ies sbMDI “bicqR nwtk” dw lyKk (ieh lyKk gurU goibMMd isMG nhIN hn) ieM\ izkr krdw hY :
juD jIq Awey jbY, itkY nw iqn pur pWv] kwhlUr mYN bWiDXo Awn AnMdpur gWv]

ies bMd dw sw& mqlb inkldw hY ik AnMdpur swihb ƒ BMgwxI dI lVweI (18 isqMbr 1688) dy ^qm hox mgroN, nvMbr 1689 ivc c`k nwnkI pu`jx qoN kuJ smW bwAd vswieAw igAw sI[ c`k nwnkI hI AnMdpur nhIN hY[ kuJ ilKwrI ilK dyNdy hn ik c`k nwnkI dw nW gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny hI „AnMdpur‟ r`iKAw sI, pr ieh TIk nhIN ikauNik mwl mihkmy, ptvwrIAW qy pMcwieqI irkwrf ivc AnMdpur swihb Aqy c`k nwnkI do v`K-v`K ipMf (A`j qk vI) cly Aw rhy hn[

B`t vhIAW muqwibk 29 mwrc 1689 dy idn iblwspur dI rwxI cMpw Awpxy pu`qr BIm cMd ƒ lY ky c`k nwnkI ivc AweI[ c`k nwnkI ivc keI idn BrpUr rOxkW rhIAW[ rwxI cMpw ny gurU swihb ƒ Arz kIqI ik auh muV ky aus qoN dUr nw jwx Aqy jy gurU swihb mihsUs krdy hn ik c`k nwnkI dI jgHw QoVI hY qW gurU swihb iek nvW ipMf vsw lYx[ rwxI cMpw ny nvyN ngr vwsqy zmIn Ardws krvwaux dI ^wihS vI zwihr kIqI qy ikhw ik gurU swihb cwhux qW AwpxI irAwsq dI ih&wzq vwsqy iklyH vI iqAwr krvw lYx[

aus vyly (1689 ivc) c`k nwnkI dI h`d crn gMgw ndI Aqy mOjUdw kysgVH swihb ivckwr sI[ ies dy nyVy hI gurU swihb ny nvW ipMf bnHxw SurU kIqw[ gurU swihb ny rwxI koloN shotw, mIAWpur, lOdIpur, mwKoAwl, AgMmpurw Aqy qwrwgVH dI zmIn ^rId leI[ pihloN qW rwxI ny AwiKAw ik auh zmIn Ardws krwauxw cwhuMdI hY qy ies dI kImq nhIN lvygI[ pr jdoN gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik auh is`K-ngr vswaux vwsqy zmIn mu&q nhIN lYxgy qW rwxI ƒ kbUl krnw ipAw[

AnMdpur swihb dI moVHI g`fxw

30 mwrc 1689 dy idn gurU goibMd jI ny c`k nwnkI dy nyVy, kysgVH vwlI jgHw, nvyN ipMf dI moVHI g`fI[ BweI caupiq rwey (mgroN cOpw isMG) ny AnMd swihb dIAW pMj pauVIAW pVH ky Ardws kIqI[ nvyN ngr dw nW gurU swihb ny „AnMdpur‟ r`iKAw[ (A`j-k`lH c`k nwnkI, AnMdpur qy Awly-duAwly dy keI ipMfW, swry ƒ AnMdpur swihb AwiKAw jWdw hY)[

AnMdpur swihb dy iklyH

31 mwrc 1689 dy idn gurU swihb ny c`k nwnkI-AnMdpur swihb dy Awly-duAwly pMj iklyH bxwauxy SurU kIqy[ gurU swihb ny ienHW ikilHAW dy nW AnMdgVH (mOjUdw AnMdgVH iklHw vwlI jgHw), lohgVH (mOjUdw lohgVH gurduAwry vwlI jgHw), qwrwgVH (purwxy kot kihlUr dy nyVy ipMf qwrwpur ivc mOjUdw gurduAwrw qwrwgVH dI jgHw), AgMmgVH (ipMf AgMmgVH, mwqw jIq kOr jI dy gurduAwry dy nyVy gurduAwrw holgVH dI jgHw) Aqy &qihgVH (crn gMgw dy nyVy ipMf shotw dI hdUd ivc, gurduAwrw &qihgVH vwlI jgHw) r`Ky[ sB qoN pihlW iklHw AnMdgVH iqAwr hoieAw qy bwkI cwr mgroN iqAwr hoey [ ienHW iv`coN &qihgVH qy qwrwgVH iklyH phwVI rjvwiVAW dy hmilAW ƒ rokx vwsqy Aqy lohgVH (ijs dw gyt bVw mzbUq sI) qy AgMmgVH mOjUdw huiSAwrpur qy aUnw v`loN muZl &OjW ƒ rokx vwsqy bxwey gey sn[ iklHw AnMdgVH, jo sB qoN vD mih&Uz sI, dohW pwisAW dIAW &OjW ƒ rokx vwsqy sI[ phwV, dirAw sqluj Aqy ndI crn gMgw dI kudrqI Fwl hox dy bwvjUd, gurU swihb ny cOhW pwisAW qoN &OjI r`iKAw vwsqy pUry ieMqzwm kr ley sn[ ienHW pMj ikilHAW qoN ielwvw gurU swihb ny kysgVH swihb ƒ vI iek iklyH vWg bxw id`qw sI[ iklHw qwrwgVH, AgMmgVH qy lohgVH dw morcw tu`t jwx dI sUrq ivc vI iklHw kysgVH swihb, iklHw &qihgVH qy iklHw AnMdgVH, c`k nwnkI-AnMdpur swihb vwsqy pUrI ih&wzq dyNdy sn[ ieM\ gurU swihb ny c`k nwnkI-AnMdpur swihb ƒ duSmx dy hmilAW qoN pUrI qrHW mih&Uz kr ilAw sI[ duSmx BwvyN mhIinAW b`DI koiSS krdy rihMdy pr auh gurU dI ngrI ‟c dwiKl nhIN ho skdy sn[ isr& iek mslw sI ijs nwl muSikl KVHI ho skdI sI, aus sI mhIinAW b`DI Gyrw pey rihx nwl Anwj dw mslw[ ies msly qoN isvw gurU dI ngrI iek pUrI mukMml, mih&Uz, rwjDwnI sI[

ndOx dI lVweI

ies vyly (1690-91 ivc) iblwspur dw rwjw BIm cMd sI[ auh ^ud gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw pUrI qrHW v&wdwr sI pr aus dw pu`qr Ajmyr cMd Awpxy ausqwd, slwhkwr (qy mgroN vzIr) pMifq prmw nMd dy Asr hyTW bhuq izAwdw sI qy pMifq prmw nMd is`K Drm nwl Kwr KWdw sI[ aus dI is`K-n&rq hOlI-hOlI Ajmyr cMd dI rUh ‟c smWdI geI[ pr jdoN qk BIm cMd qy rwxI cMpw ijaUNdy rhy, audoN qk iblwspur irAwsq gurU swihb dI pUrI qrHW v&wdwr rhI[ gurU swihb ny vI sdw iblwspur irAwsq Aqy hor phwVI rwijAW ƒ pUrI-pUrI srpRsqI id`qI[

mwrc 1691 ivc lwhOr dy gvrnr v`loN Al& ^wn dI AgvweI ‟c ByjI &Oj ny phwVI rwijAW ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ lwhOr dIAW &OjW kWgVy vwly pwsy v`l vD rhIAW sn[ ies mOky ‟qy phwVI rwijAW ny rwjw BIm cMd rwhIN gurU swihb ƒ ^q yijAw qy muZlW dy hmly dy i^lw& mdd mMgI gurU swihb ny dIvwn nMd cMd, Drm cMd (isMG) iCbr, BweI mnI rwm (isMG), BweI Awlm cMd (isMG) „n`cxw‟ Aqy hor jrnYlW dI AgvweI ivc &Oj ƒ ndOx v`l kUc krn dw hukm id`qw[ AnMdgVH qoN cl ky is`K &OjW dw j`Qw ndOx jw pu`jw[ 19 mwrc 1691 dy idn bVI zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ Al& ^wn dI &Oj dy sB qoN qwkqvr j`Qy dy i^lw&, is`K jrnYl f`t ky lVy[ dohW pwisAW qoN bhwdrW ny ^Ub jOhr idKwey[ Drm cMd, mnI rwm, mUl cMd kMboj, sohn cMd prmwr vrgy is`K jrnYlW dy qIrW dI vwCV ny Al& ^wn dI &Oj dy hOsly Fwh id`qy[ sUrj Cup jwx mgroN Al& ^wn dI &Oj ip`Cy v`l B`jxI SurU ho geI[ phwVI &OjW ny Al& ^wn dI B`jI jWdI &Oj dw dUr qk ip`Cw kIqw[ ndOx dI lVweI ivc BweI sohn cMd (Brw mnI isMG), BweI mUl cMd (pu`qr BweI rGupiq rwie in`Jr) Aqy hor is`K ShId hoey[

ies sbMDI B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ivc iek ieMdrwj ieM\ imldw hY :
“sohn cMd bytw mweIdws kw poqw b`lU kw pVpoqw mUly kw, puAwr, swl sqrW sY sYNqwlIs, cyq pRivSty bweIs, gurUvwr ky idhuM, gurU kw bcn pwie ndaun ky mlhwn, swmy mwQy jUJ kr mrw [ gYl mUlcMd bytw rGupiq rwie kw, in`Jr goqr kMboj, bwsI Kymkrn, prgnw ksUr, jUJ kr mrw [“ (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw puAwr blauNqo kw)

gurU swihb s`q idn ndOx dy rwj mihl ivc rhy qy ATvyN idn AnMdpur swihb v`l c`l pey[ rsqy ivc AlsUn dy rMGVW, ijnHW ny jWdI vwrI is`K &OjW ƒ qMg kIqw qy mSkrIAW kIqIAW sn, AnMdpur muVn qoN pihlW is`K &OjIAW ny aunHW guMifAW nUM szw id`qI[

rwxI cMpw dI mOq
lMmI aumr Bog ky, iblwspur dI mhwrwxI cMpw, 12 meI 1691 dy idn cVHweI kr geI[ rwxI cMpw dw gurU swihb nwl bVw ipAwr sI[ rwxI dI sqwrHvIN 27 meI dy idn sI[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb AwpxI dwdI mwqw nwnkI, pirvwr Aqy muKI is`KW ƒ nwl lY ky iblwspur gey[ gurU swihb iqMn idn au~Qy rhy Aw^rI rsmW mgroN AnMdpur muV Awey[ ies vyly qk AnMdpur swihb ‟c kw&I mkwn bx cuky sn qy iklyH vI pUrI qrHW iqAwr ho cuky sn[ hux gurU swihb vDyrw smW c`k nwnkI dI QW ‟qy ie`Qy l`g pey qy ie`Qy hI sMgqW ƒ drSn dyx lg pey[

phwVI rwijAW dw iek`T

mwrc 1692 ivc rwjw BIm cMd ny phwV dIAW bweI DwrW dy rwijAW dw iek`T bulwieAw[ ndOx dI lVweI mgroN muZl srkwr dy hox vwly hmilAW dy fr hyT rih rhy phwVI rwijAW ny gurU swihb dI srpRsqI hwisl krn dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI[ mwrc 1692 dy Aw^rI h&qy gurU swihb iblwspur qy mMfI v`l gey[ 29 mwrc dy idn rvwlsr ‟c swry phwVI rwjy iek`Ty hoey[ aunHW dI sdwrq gurU swihb ny kIqI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ XkIn idvwieAw ik “jy qusIN muZlW dI ZulwmI ivc nw rihxw cwho qW mYN quhwfI inghbwnI qy srpRsqI krn vwsqy iqAwr hW[” swry rwijAW ny gurU swihb dy hukm ƒ mMnx dw vwAdw kIqw[ gurU swihb kuJ idn rvwlsr rhy qy Pyr ndOx, kWgVw huMdy hoey purmMfl (dyvk dirAw dy kMFy), jMmU, c`k-kwnHw, rwmgVH iKrVI, sWbw, pTwnkot, huiSAwrpur ‟c sMgqW ƒ drSn dyNdy hoey vwips AnMdpur Aw gey[ gurU swihb dy Awaux dw pqw l`gx ‟qy sMgqW dy kw&ly Pyr AnMdpur swihb v`l Awauxy SurU ho gey[

16 isqMbr 1692 dy idn iblwspur dw rwjw BIm cMd vI cVHweI kr igAw[ aus dI AMiqm rsm 3 AkqUbr 1692 dy idn sI[ BIm cMd dI sqwrHvIN dy sbMD ivc gurU swihb AwpxI dwdI mwqw nwnkI, Awpxy pirvwr, BweI caupiq rwie qy kuJ muKI is`KW ƒ lY ky AnMdpur qoN iblwspur gey[

BIm cMd dI mOq mgroN Ajmyr cMd hux pUrI qrHW pMifq prmwnMd dy Asr hyTW Aw igAw[ ies nwl hI iblwspur irAwsq Aqy is`KW dy sbMDW ivc qryV AwauxI SurU ho geI[

ApRYl 1693 ivc gurU swihb AnMdpur qoN qlvMfI swbo qy l`KI jMgl dy ielwky dy dOry ‟qy gey[ rwey f`lw ny gurU swihb ƒ in`Gw „jI AwieAW‟ AwiKAw[ kuJ idn qlvMfI swbo rih ky gurU swihb Dmqwn gey[ Dmqwn ‟c kuJ idn Tihrn mgroN, gurU swihb bWgr dyS Aqy hor ielwikAW dy dOry ‟qy inkl gey[ ieM\ Cy mhIny dOry ‟qy rihx mgroN Awp Pyr AnMdpur Aw gey[ iqMn mhIny AnMdpur ‟c ibqw ky gurU swihb Kurv`DI (hux fyhrwdUn) qy hirduAwr dy dOry ‟qy inkl gey[

hrduAwr nyVy irSIkyS ivc iek idn jd Awp ny dIvwn sjwieAw hoieAw sI qW iek nOjvwn bYrwgI swDU mwDo dws vI Awp nUM suxn AwieAw[(iehI mwDo dws mgroN bMdw isMG bixAw sI)[ gurU jI ny mwDo dws nUM bYrwg qy Xog C`f ky krm-Kyqr ivc muV Awaux dI isiKAw id`qI[ mwDo dws dw myl gurU jI nwl bs eynw hI sI[ jy auh kuJ icr hor gurU swihb dI sMgq kr lYNdw qW auh XkInn audoN hI is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw huMdw[ s. krm isMG ihstorIAn „AMimRqsr dI qvwrI^‟ ivc gurU swihb dy 1693-94 ivc gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) jwx dw izkr vI krdw hY[

fyF mhInw ies ielwky ivc pRcwr krn mgroN Awp Pyr AnMdpur Aw gey[ ivswKI (29 mwrc 1694) dy idn hr pwsy qoN sMgqW dy v`fy j`Qy AnMdpur Aw pu`jy[ 3 meI 1694 dy idn BweI inhMg ^wn dy pu`qr Awlm ^wn dI rwey k`lHw dI bytI nwl kuVmweI ivc Swiml hox vwsqy gurU swihb kotlw inhMg ropV pu`jy[ 11 julweI 1694 dy idn gurU swihb dy nwnw BweI lwl cMd suiB`KI clwxw kr gey[ ies mOky ‟qy gurU swihb ƒ lKnOr jwxw ipAw[ 10 &rvrI 1695 dy idn dIvwn drgh m`l (jo sqvyN qoN dsvyN gurU swihb qk dy smyN dOrwn dIvwn rhy sn) AnMdpur ‟c cVHweI kr gey[ gurU swihb ny 1676 ivc aunHW dI ^wihS ƒ m`dy-nzr rKidAW aunHW dy byty BweI Drm cMd ƒ dIvwn bxw id`qw hoieAw sI[ aunHW dw sskwr AgMmpurw ivc kIqw igAw[

is`KW ƒ kysDwrI hox dw hukmnwmw

29 mwrc 1695 (pihlI ivswK, sMmq 1752 ibkRmI) dy idn AnMdpur swihb ‟c sMgqW dw iek BwrI iek`T hoieAw[ AnMdpur swihb ‟c Aijhw v`fw iek`T pihlW kdy nhIN hI hoieAw sI[ ies iek`T ivc gurU swihb ny hukmnwmw jwrI kIqw ik A`gy qoN keI vI is`K Awpxy kys nhIN ktweygw, mrny-prny (mOq jW ivAwh vgYrw) ‟qy B`dx nhIN krygw (kys nhIN k`tygw)[ aunHW ikhw ik A`gy qoN hr iek is`K Awpxy b`icAW dy kys jmWdrU r`Kygw Aqy s`jy h`Q ivc kVw pihxygw[ (gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly qoN is`KI nwl juVy lok pihlW vI kys nhIN ktvwauNdy sI[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny ieh hukm is`KI ivc Swiml hox vwly nvyN lokW vwsqy kIqw sI)[

AnMdpur swihb ‟qy pihlw hmlw

Agsq 1695 ivc lwhOr dy nwieb sUbydwr (ifptI gvrnr) idlwvr ^wn ny phwVI rwijAW ƒ sbk isKwaux vwsqy, phwVW vl kUc krn vwsqy, Awpxy pu`qr rusqm ^wn ƒ &Oj dy ky qoirAw[ idlwvr ^wn ƒ pqw sI ik phwVI rwjy gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI mdd nwl hI ij`q skdy hn[ ies kr ky aus ny Awpxy pu`qr ƒ pihlW AnMdpur swihb ‟qy hmlw krn vwsqy hdwieq kIqI[ 19 Agsq 1695 dy idn rusqm ^wn dI &Oj AnMdpur swihb dy nwly (coA) dy kMFy Aw l`gI[ brswqW kr ky aunHIN idnIN nwly ‟c hVH AwieAw hoieAw sI[ auDr BweI Awlm isMG „n`cxw‟ ny gurU swihb ƒ muZl &Oj dy Awaux dI ^br dy id`qI[ rxjIq ngwry ‟qy cot lgidAW hI bhuq swrIAW is`K &OjW iekdm nwly dy dUjy bMny ‟qy Aw ftIAW[ nwly ivc hVH Awey hox kwrn rusqm ^wn dI &Oj dy iksy vI jvwn dw hIAw nw ipAw ik auh nwlw pwr ky AnMdpur swihb ‟c dwi^l ho sky[ dUjw, iklHw AnMdgVH ‟c ngwry dI DONs Aqy jYkwirAW dI gUMj nUM sux ky vI muZlW ‟c fr Aqy dihSq PYl geI[ rusqm ^wn dI &Oj hmlw krn qoN ibnW hI vwips muV geI[ muZl &OjW dy jwx mgroN lokW ny ies nwly dw nW „is`KW dw ihmYqI nwlw‟ kihxw SurU kr idqw[

(hux ies nwly dw vjUd nhIN irhw Aqy ies jgHw ‟qy KyqI huMdI hY)[

iblwspur Aqy AnMdpur swihb v`K-v`K hoey
jdoN rusqm ^wn AnMdpur swihb qoN ^wlI muiVAw qW lwhOr dy ifptI gvrnr idlwvr ^wn ny kWgVy dy iklyHdwr husYn ^wn ƒ &Oj dy ky phwVW v`l ByijAw[ husYn ^wn ny AnMdpur swihb v`l mUMh krn dI bjwie is`DI phwVI rwijAW ‟qy cVHweI kr id`qI[ fFvwlIey qy iblwspurIey rwijAW ny pihloN qW husYnI dw twkrw kIqw pr A^Ir hiQAwr su`t id`qy[ husYn ^wn ny aunHW ƒ ies Srq ‟qy muAw& kr id`qw ik ayuh AwpxIAW &OjW sxy aus dI muihMm ‟c Swiml ho ky bwkI phwVI rwijAW ‟qy hmlw krngy[ ies muihMm dOrwn muZl &OjW ny gulyr (hrIpur) irAwsq ‟qy vI hmlw kIqw[ gulyr dy rwjy gopwl ny smJOqw krn dI koiSS kIqI pr husYnI ny pUry dw pUrw mwmlw iek-dm lYx dI Srq r`K id`qI, ijhVI pUrI krnoN rwjw gopwl ny mjbUrI zwihr kIqI[ A^Ir rwjw gopwl ny gurU swihb dI mdd mMgI[ gurU swihb ny BweI bicqr dws, BweI sMgq rwie, BweI hnUmMq rwie, BweI lihnU, BweI d`go vZYrw dI AgvweI ‟c is`K &OjW ƒ rwjw gopwl dI mdd vwsqy ByijAw[ 18 &rvrI 1696 dy idn hoeI ies lVweI ivc is`K jrnYlW dy qIrW dI vwCV ny muZlW, Aqy aunHW qoN hwr ky ZulwmI kbUl krn vwly phwVI rjvwiVAW dIAW &OjW dy C`ky Cufw id`qy[ kWgVy dw iklyHdwr husYn ^wn qy aus dI keI phwVI swQI mwry gey[ is`KW iv`coN vI BweI lihnU, BweI sMgq, BweI hnUmMq, BweI drso qy iqMn hor is`K ShId ho gey[

ies sbMDI „B`t vhI BwdsoN‟ ivc iek izkr ieM\ AwieAw hY :

“lihnU bytw mweIdws kw, poqw blU kw, jlHwnW sqrW sY bwvn Pwgn idhuM qyeIs, vIrvwr ky idvs, gulyr ky mlHwn swmyH mwQy jUJ kr mrw[ gYloN sMgq rwie, hnUmMq byty jgqy ky, poqy pdmw ky, pVpoqy kaul ky, cMdrbMsI bqs goqry cwihmwn, hjwbq AWibAwnyN mwry gey[” (B`t vhI BwdsoN prgnw Qwnysr, Kwqw jlHwny puAwroN kw)

ies lVweI ivc Ajmyr cMd iblwspurIAw muZlW dw Zulwm bx ky liVAw sI[ ies kr ky hux auh aunHW dw h`Q-Tokw bxw igAw qy aunHW dy kYNp ivc Swiml ho ky bwkI phwVI rwijAW dy nwl-nwl is`KW dw vI duSmx bx igAw[ ies mgroN iblwspur qy AnMdpur ivc sbMD iblkul ^qm ho gey qy Ajmyr cMd ny is`KW dy i^lw& swizSW GVnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[

gulyr ‟c muZl &OjW dI hwr mgroN lwhOr dy gvrnr ny phwVI rwijAW ƒ sr krn vwsqy ApRYl 1696 ivc juJwr isMh hwfy ƒ iqMn hzwr &Oj dy ky ByijAw[ juJwr isMh hwfw iek hTI qy qgVw jrnYl sI[ aus ny Blwn ipMf ivc hoeI lVweI ivc bhuq zbrdsq mukwblw kIqw pr A^Ir mwirAw igAw[ lwhOr dw ifptI gvrnr ies ‟qy hor vI A`g bgUlw hoieAw[ ies dI ^br AOrMgzyb ƒ pu`jI[ aus ny Awpxy pu`qr qy lwhOr dy sUbydwr, Sihzwdw muA`zm (jo mgroN bwdSwh bhwdr Swh bixAw) nUM AnMdpur dI ^br lYx vwsqy ByijAw[ Sihzwdw muA`zm &Oj lY ky Awgry qoN lwhOr v`l c`l ipAw[ is`K sUhIAW ny gurU swihb ƒ SwhI &Oj dy Awaux dI ^br id`qI[ muA`zm BweI nMd lwl dw Swigrd sI[ muA`zm 13 julweI 1696 dy idn AnMdpur pu`jw[ BweI nMd lwl aus nUM imilAw qy aus dI mulwkwq gurU swihb nwl krvweI[ muA`zm gurU jI qoN bVw muqwisr (pRBwivq) hoieAw[ aus ny vwips jw ky AOrgMzyb ƒ ^br kIqI ik pMjwb dyS ivc koeI mslw nhIN qy AnMdpur ‟qy hmlw krnw muZl srkwr dy mu&wd ivc nhIN[

AOrMgzyb ny hor qs`lI krn vwsqy sqMbr 1696 dy A^Ir ivc imrzw byZ ƒ ByijAw[ imrzw byZ AnMdpur swihb AwieAw qy aus ny gurU jI nwl mulwkwq kIqI[ imrzw byZ ƒ AnMdpur swihb nwl t`kr lYx dw koeI quk nzr nw AwieAw[ aus ny ies dI irport AOrMgzyb ƒ Byj id`qI[ ies dy bwvjUd id`lI drbwr ny cwr hor AihdIey (srkwrI A&sr) phwVW v`l Byjy[ aunHW vI imrzw byZ dI irport dI qweId kIqI[ ies nwl iek vwr qW AnMdpur iksy v`fy hmly qoN bc igAw[

swry is`KW nUM „Kwlsw‟ AYlwn krnw

is`K pMQ dw jQybMdk FWcw, jo gurU nwnk swihb vyly „Drmswlw‟ qy „sMgq‟ vjoN SurU hoieAw sI Aqy gurU Amr dws swihb vyly „mMjIAW‟ qy „pIiVHAW‟ dy rUp ivc ‟c PYilAw sI, auh gurU rwmdws swihb vyly „msMd‟ jmwq vjoN kwiem ho igAw sI[

gurU rwm dws swihb vyly jd is`KW dI igxqI bhuq vD geI qW aunHW ny is`KW nwl lgwqwr rwbqw kwiem r`Kx vwsqy „msMd‟ jmwq kwiem kr id`qI[ msMd,

Awpxy ielwky dw, iek iksm dw is`K pMQ dw ieMcwrj huMdw sI[ ienHW msMdW dw kMm gurU dy drbwr ivc sMgqW dy sunyhy phuMcwauxw Aqy gurU jI dy pYZwm sMgqW vwsqy lY jwxw huMdw sI[ ieh sMgq dw dsvMD vI gurU jI qk phuMcwieAw krdy sI Aqy jy iksy is`K nUM mdd dI loV huMdI qW aus vwsqy rkm jW qoh&y gurU swihb msMdW rwhIN hI phuMcwieAw krdy sn[

msMd jmwq dy kwiem hox nwl is`K pMQ, is`K Drm qy is`K kOm iek Swndwr jQybMdk FWcy ivc proeI geI[ is`KI dw Dwrimk pRcwr Aqy mwlI inzwm iek-swr kMm krn l`g ipAw[ sMgqW dw dsvMD suc`jy qrIky nwl gurU drbwr ivc pu`jx l`g ipAw Aqy ies ^zwny ‟coN lok BlweI dy kMm, qy loVvMdW dI pUrI iemdwd, hox l`g peI[ cOQy pwqSwh qoN nOvyN pwqSwh qk ies msMd jmwq ny mwArky dw rol Adw kIqw[

cOQy qoN nOvyN gurU qk vI kuJ ielwikAW ivc keI msMd nhIN Qwpy gey sn; ies kr ky auQoN dI sMgq gurU dw Kwlsw sI[gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw iek hukmnwmw A`j vI mOjUd hY ijs ivc ivc pUrb (Aswm, bMgwl) nUM gurU jI ny „Kwlsw‟ l&z nwl mu^wiqb kIqw hY[ BweI jpu, BweI gurdws, BweI murwr, BweI jyqw, BweI idAwlw dy nW pYZwm ivc gurU jI “pUrb dI sMgq gurU dw Kwlsw hY” ilKdy hn (SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI, „nIswxu qy hukmnwmy‟, sMpwdk SmSyr isMG ASok, s&w 15)[

ieM\ hI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy kuJ huknwimAw ivc vI ptnw dI sMgq nUM „Kwlsw‟ ikhw igAw hY: “ptnw dI sMgq sRI gurU jI kw Kwlsw hY”[ (SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI, „nIswxu qy hukmnwmy‟, sMpwdk SmSyr isMG ASok, s&w 27)[

gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy iek hukmnwmy, jo sMmq 1755, Xwin sMn 1698, ivc mwCIvwVw dy BweI kilAwx rwey nUM iliKAw igAw sI, aus ivc gurU jI mwCIvwVw dI sMgq nUM „myrw Kwlsw hY‟ kih ky mu^wiqb huMdy hn (“BweI kilAwx rwey srbq sMgq mwCIvwVw kI gurU rKygw[ sMgq myrw Kwlsw hY”)[ hwlW ik mwCIvwVw ngr ivc BweI pMjwbw nW dw msMd mOjUd sI (ies hukmnwmy qoN 7 swl mgroN, 1705 dI dsMbr ivc, gurU goibMd isMG swihb, cmkOr dI gVHI qoN inkl ky sB qoN pihlW iesy BweI pMjwby kol phuMcy sn qy aus dy bwZ ivc Tihry sn; aus QW „qy hux „gurduAwrw crn kMvl‟ bixAw hoieAw hY)[ (SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI, „nIswxu qy hukmnwmy‟, sMpwdk SmSyr isMG ASok, s&w 64)[

dsvyN pwiqSwh dy do hor hukmnwimAW ivc vI kuJ is`KW nUM “qU myrw Kwlsw hY” iliKAw imldw hY (SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI, „nIswxu qy hukmnwmy‟, sMpwdk SmSyr isMG ASok, s&y 73 qy 76)[ ieh dovyN hukmnwmy sMmq 1758, sMn 1701, dy hn; Xwin KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU krn qoN 2 swl mgroN dy; Aqy, ienHW ivc BweI imhr cMd (s&w 73) Aqy imhr cMd, Drm cMd qy krm cMd (s&w 76) nUM „Kwlsw‟ iliKAw hY[ ienHW dy nWvW nwl ipCyqr „isMG‟ nhIN bl ik „cMd‟ hY ijhVw swibq krdw hY ik „Kwlsw‟ l&z dw mwAnw pwhulIAw nhIN blik auh hY jo is`Dw gurU nwl sbMDq hY[ mgroN gurU jI ny ieh AYlwn kr id`qw sI ik is`K “myrw Kwlsw” nhIN blik “Akwl purK dw Kwlsw” hoxgy[ ies dI qweId mwqw suMdr kOr dy iek ^q qoN huMdI hY ijs ivc aunHW ny is`KW nUM “Akwl purK dw Kwlsw” iliKAw hY)[ auN\ ijnHW nUM ieh ^q iliKAw igAw hY auh (Twkr dws, soBw m`l, sMBU nwQ, swihb rwey) vI „isMG‟ nW vwly, Xwin „pwhul vwly‟ nhIN sn[ ieh ^q 1729 dw iliKAw hoieAw hY[ ies dw mqlb ieh hY ik pwhul dI rsm SurU hox qoN 30 swl mgroN vI auh Ajy pwhulIey nhIN sn, pr auh „Kwlsw‟ zrUr sn[ (SRomxI kmytI v`loN CpI, „nIswxu qy hukmnwmy‟, sMpwdk SmSyr isMG ASok, s&w 106)[

qkrIbn 100 swl qk msMd jmwq shI qrIky nwl cldI geI[ ies vyly qk ies jmwq dw rol kw&I h`d qk shI sI pr ijauN-ijauN Asl msMdW dI jgHw (mrn ip`CoN) aunHW dI AOlwd AwauNdI geI, ies jmwq ivc ^rwbIAW AwauxIAW SurU ho geIAW[ vkq bIqx dy nwl ienHW ivcoN kuJ msMd byeImwn ho gey sn[ keI qW Awpxy Awp nUM gurU vrgw hI smJx lg pey Aqy nIm-gurU vWg ivcrn lg pey[ keI qW ivBcwrI qy T`g vI bx gey Aqy sMgq dw dsvMD hV`p krn lg pey[

8 &rvrI qoN 14 &rvrI 1698 qk is`KW dy keI j`Qy AnMdpur swihb AwauNdy rhy[ ies mOky ‟qy Dwrimk pRogrwm dy nwl-nwl KyfW, kuSqIAW, gqkw, GoV-svwrI, nyzwbwzI qy qlvwr-AMdwzI dy mukwbly vI huMdy rhy[ ivckwr kuJ mOikAW ‟qy BMf vI Awpxw &n ivKwauNdy rihMdy sn[ ienHW idnW ivc hI, iek mOky ‟qy, BMfW ny ienHW msMdW dIAW krqUqW dI nkl lw ky idKweI[ aunHW ny msMdW ƒ lutyry, T`g, hYNkVbwz, kurpt, bd-ie^lwk Aqy A`XwS ijhy idKwieAw[ aus vyly gurU swihb kol BweI nwnU rwm idlvwlI bYTw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb ƒ msMdW bwry kuJ hor vwk&I vI id`qI[ ieh swrw kuJ sux ky gurU swihb dy rONgty KVyH ho gey[ gurU swihb ny dIvwn mnI rwm (pwhul mgroN BweI mnI isMG) ƒ hukm kIqw ik swry msMdW ƒ muSkW bMnH ky AnMdpur swihb bulwieAw jwey[ BweI Awlm cMd (pwhul mgroN Awlm isMG) „n`cxw‟ nwl cwr hor isMG Byjy gey qW jo auh msMdW ƒ AnMdpur swihb ilAw ky gurU swihb A`gy pyS krn[

kuJ hI idnW ivc swry msMd AnMdpur swihb phuMc gey[ gurU swihb ny msMdW dI prK kIqI[ ijhVy msMd byeImwn qy mujirm sn, aunHW ƒ mOky ‟qy hI s^q szwvW id`qIAW geIAW[ v`fy mujrmW ƒ szwey-mOq suxweI geI[ ies szw ‟qy Aml vI, auQy hI qy ausy vyly hI, kIqw igAw[ kuJ msMd ies iemiqhwn ivcoN sur^Ur ho ky inkly[ ienHW ƒ gurU swihb v`loN isropwE Byt kIqy gey[ ienHW ivc BweI b^q m`l sUrI (jlwlpur j`tW) qy BweI sMgq/BweI PyrU (mIAW kI mOV, lwhOr) vI Swiml sn[ ies dy nwl hI gurU swihb ny mMsd jmwq ^qm krn dw AYlwn kIqw[ aunHW ny

AYlwn kIqw ik A`gy qoN swry is`K „Kwlsw‟ hoxgy (is`Dy gurU nwl sbMD r`Kxgy; iksy msMd jW iksy hor ivcoly rwhIN gurU drbwr nwl rwbqw nhIN r`Kxgy[ gurU swihb ny ieh hukmnwmw vI jwrI kIqw ik A`gy qoN koeI vI is`K Awpxw dsvMD Bytw msMdW ƒ nw dyvy Aqy is`DI gurU drbwr ƒ Byjy[ aunHW AYlwn kIqw ik msMd rwhIN AweI Bytw kbUl nhIN kIqI jwvygI[

ieM\ gurU swihb ny gurU qy is`K ivckwr msMd qy hor ivcoly ^qm kr id`qy qy swry is`KW ƒ „Kwlsw‟ bxwaux dw AYlwn kr idqw[ {ies dw sw& mwAnw hY ik „Kwlsw‟ Aqy pwhulIAw dovyN v`K-v`K nukqy (&ls&y) hn}[

sIs Byt kOqk Aqy KMfy dI pwhul:

“KMfy dI pwhul” auh rsm hY, jo gurU goibMd isMG jI ny is`KW nUM nvIN pCwx dyx vwsqy SurU kIqI sI[

cyqr dy SurU ivc gurU swihb ny swry is`KW ƒ hukmnwmy Byj ky ibkRmI sMmq dy ivswK mhIny dI pihlI qwrI^ (29 mwrc 1698) dy idn AnMdpur swihb phuMcx vwsqy AwiKAw (kuJ somy ies kOqk nUM 29 mwrc 1699 nUM Aqy kuJ 1695 ivc hoieAw dsdy hn pr mYN 1698 nUM vDyry shI mMndw hW[ drAsl Agly swl dI ivswKI (29 mwrc 1699) dy idn AnMdpur swihb ivc 1698 qoN vI v`fw iek`T hoieAw sI qy ies idn vI hzwrW is`KW ny pwhul leI sI[ ieh BulyKw ies qoN hI SurU hoieAw hovygw[ ieMJ hI 1695 ivc kysDwrI hox qy kVw pwaux dw hukmnwmw jwrI hoieAw sI[ iksy ny BulyKy nwl ies nUM hI pwhul nwl joV id`qw hovygw[ sMqoK isMG ny „sUrj pRkwS‟ ivc ies dw koeI swl nhIN id`qw[ 1699 swl dI ZlqI sB qoN pihlW igAwnI igAwn isMG ny 1891 ivc pMQ pRkwS ivc kIqI sI („pMQ pRkwS‟, p`Qr Cwpw AYfISn 1891, s&w 309)[ bwkI swirAW ny iesy ZlqI nUM qvwrI^ bxw id`qw[ „gurU kIAW swKIAW‟ (ilKx swl 1798) ivc qwrI^ 1698 dI idqI hoeI hY[ „B`t vhI BwdsoN prgnw Qwnysr‟ ivc vI 1698 dw swl id`qw hoieAw hY[

aus idn hzwrW is`K gurU dI ngrI AnMdpur swihb ivc pu`jy[ aus idn svyry rbwbIAW ny gurbwxI dw kIrqn kIqw[ kIrqn qoN bwAd BweI mnI rwm ny iek Sbd dI kQw kIqI[ ies dy nwl hI gurU swihb KVyH ho gey, AwpxI ikrpwn imAwn ivcoN k`FI qy AwiKAw ik mYƒ iek isr cwhIdw hY[ gurU swihb dy bol sux ky swry pwsy cu`p Cw geI[ gurU swihb ny iqMn vwrI iehI bol AwKy[ qIjI vwr AwKx qoN ip`CoN BweI dieAw rwm KVHw hoieAw[ gurU swihb q^q qoN auqry qy aus ƒ PV ky nyVy vwlI, zrw kU aucI, iek hor phwVI ‟qy g`fy hoey qMbU ivc lY gey, ij`Qy pMj Ajw suq (bkry) bMnHy hoey sn (hux ieh „qMbU vwlI phwVI‟ k`cI phwVI vjUd ivc nhIN hY ikauN ik auh Kur geI sI)[ kuJ plW bwAd gurU swihb ^Un nwl ilbVI ikrpwn lY ky bwhr Awey[ ies vwr gurU swihb ny iek hor isr dI mMgI kIqI[ ieh kOqk gurU swihb ny pMj vwr duhrwieAw[ pMjvyN is`K v`loN isr Byt krn qoN kuJ icr mgroN gurU swihb sIs Byt krn vwly pMjW is`KW ƒ nIly bwxy ivc pMfwl ivc lY ky Awey[ gurU swihb ny Awp vI nIlw bwxw pihixAw hoieAw sI[ (vyKo: gurU kIAW swKIAW, swKI 59, mihmw pRkwS, s&w 825)[ ies sbMDI „B`t vhI BwdsoN prgnw Qwnysr‟ ivc iek ieMdrwj ieM\ imldw hY:

“gurU goibMd isMG mhl dsmW bytw gurU qyg bhwdr jI kw swl sqrW sY pcwvn mMglvwr vYswKI ky idMhuM pWc isKoN ko KWfy kI pwhul dI isMG nwm rwKw[ ipRQmY dYAw

 

rwm sopqI KqrI bwsI lwhOr Aw Klw hUAw[ pwCY mohkm cMd CIpw bwsI dvwrkw, swihb cMd nweI bwsI ibdr z&rwbwd, Drm cMd jvMdw jwt bwsI hsqnwpur, ihMmq cMd JIvr bwsI jgnnwQ bwro bwrI Kly huey[ sb ko nIl AMbr pihnwieAw[ vhI bys Apnw kIAw[ hu`kw, hlwl, hjwmq hrwm, it`kw jM\U DoqI kw iqAwg krwieAw[ mIxy DIrmlIey rwm rweIey, isrguMm, msMdW kI vrqn bMd kI[ kMGw, krd, kysgI, kVw, kCihrw sB ko dIAw[ sB kysDwrI kIey[” (ies ieMdrwj muqwibk pMjvW kkwr „kyskI‟ hY; kys qW bjr kurihq ivc pihlW hI Swiml hn)[

isr Byt krn vwly pMjW is`KW (BweI dieAw rwm, BweI muhkm cMd, BweI swihb cMd, BweI Drm cMd, BweI ihMmq cMd) jdoN gurU swihb dIvwn ivc phuMcy qW aunHW nUM pMj hor is`K KVHy nzr Awey[ gurU jI ny aunHW nUM pu`iCAw ik qusIN ikauN KVHy ho? aunHW jvwb id`qw AsIN vI isr hwizr krny hn[ gurU jI ny ikhw „mYnUM isr& pMj isr hI cwhIdy sn; ikauNik qusIN isr hwzr kIqy hn, qusIN vI mukq ho gey ho, qusIN qvwrI^ ivc „pMj mukqy‟ AKvwEgy[ ies mgroN gurU jI ny sMgqW ƒ mu^wiqb ho ky AwiKAw ik hux qoN ienHW pMjW mrjIviVAW ƒ „pMj ipAwry‟ AwiKAw jwieAw krygw[ jd qk cMd sUrj kwiem rihxgy, gurU ƒ isr Byt krn vwly pihly pMj is`KW dw nW dunIAW Br ‟c kwiem krygw[ jdoN vI kVwh pRSwd dI dyZ iqAwr hoieAw krygI, ienHW dw CWdw (ih`sw) sB qoN pihlW k`iFAw jwieAw krygw[ ies ip`CoN gurU swihb ny BweI caupiq rwie ƒ AwiKAw ik auh sqluj ivcoN sw& pwxI

Br ky ilAwaux[ gurU jI ny dIvwn Drm cMd iC`br ƒ p`Qr dw kUMfw, lohy dw bwtw Aqy KMfw ilAwaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ gurU swihb ny p`Qr dy kUMfy ‟qy lohy dw bwtw r`K ky, aus ivc sqluj dirAw qoN mMgvwieAw pwxI pw ky, “pwhul” iqAwr krnI SurU kr id`qI[ ies mgroN Ardws kIqI qy „KMfy dI pwhul‟ dyx dI rsm SurU kIqI[ gurU swihb ny KMfy nwl pihlW Awpxy mUMh ivc pwhul dIAW pMj bMUdW pweIAW qy iPr pMjW ipAwirAW ƒ ieh pwhul id`qI[ (pMjW ipAwirAW ƒ pwhul dyx ip`CoN Awp aunHW koloN pwhul lYx dI khwxI mgroN inrmilAW ny GVI sI[ kuJ lok inrmly gurdws isMG dI vwr ivc „Awpy gur cylw‟ nUM pMjW koloN pwhulw lYxw kih dyNdy hn, hwlW ik ies dw mqlb hrigz ieh nhIN inkldw[ “Awpy gur cylw” dy &ls&y dw izkr qW „s`qy qy blvMf dI vwr‟ ivc imldw hY ijhVw Awpxy ijaUNdy jIA gurg`dI dI rsm krn nwl sbMD rKdw hY)[

pMjW ipAwirAW ƒ pwhul dy ky gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ nvW nW „isMG‟ idqw[ pihlw gurU swihb ny Awpxw nW „goibMd isMG‟ r`iKAw qy Pyr pMj ipAwirAW ƒ dieAw isMG, muhkm isMG, swihb isMG, Drm isMG, ihMmq isMG dy nW id`qy[ ies ip`CoN Awp ny aunHW ƒ rihq-mirAwdw d`sI[ gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik hux quhwfw ipClw jnm, Drm, krm, Brm qy Srm ^qm ho geIAW hn[ hux qusIN „Akwl purK dw Kwlsw‟ ho[ qusIN „pMj kkwrW‟ ƒ hmySw Awpxy AMg r`Kxw[ cwr bjr kurihqW qoN bcxw (kysW dI byAdbI nhIN krnw, ku`Tw mws nhIN Kwxw, qmwkU nhIN vrqxw qy qurknI/pr nwrI dw sMg nhIN krnw)[ bjr kurihq krn vwlw piqq ho jweygw Aqy aus ƒ qn^wh luAw ky, ies nUM Bugqx mgroN dubwrw KMfy dI pwhul lYxI

peygI [ mIxy, msMd, DIrm`lIey, rwmrweIey qy isrguMm (mony); ienHW pMjW nwl myl nhIN r`Kxw[ gor (kbr), mVHI (smwD), m`T (jTyirAW dIAW smwDW) Bu`l ky nhIN mMnxw[ quhwƒ sunihry ivc rlw id`qw hY[ Awps ‟c Brm Byd nhIN r`Kxw[

ies kOqk nUM “sIs Byt” kOqk ikhw jWdw hY[ ies dw mksd ieh sI ik (1) is`K dw isr sdw vwsqy „Drm‟ dy lyKy (s`c, iensw&, ienswnIAq vwsqy) hwzr hY; Aqy ijhVw „KMfy dI pwhul‟ leygw aus dw isr „pMj ipAwirAW‟ vW| s`c vwsqy kurbwn hox vwsqy sdw hwzr hovygw[ (2) is`K dw rUp (kys qy dsqwr vwlw) inAwrw rhygw qy (3) is`K Awpxy &sl&y ivc prp`k rhygw (&ls&y dw mwAnw hY: rihqW kurihqW, Xwin smwijk rihxI bihxI, Aqy gurbwxI, Xwin rUhwnI rihxI bihxI, dovyN hn)[

pMj ipAwirAW nUM pwhul dyx dI rsm pUrI hox mgroN gurU swihb ny BweI dieAw isMG, muhkm isMG, swihb isMG, Drm isMG, ihMmq isMG (pMj ipAwirAW) nUM KMfy dI pwhul iqAwr krn Aqy pMj mukiqAW: dyvw rwm, rwm cMd, tihl dws, eISr dws, qy &qih cMd ƒ pwhul dyx vwsqy ikhw qy aunHW nUM „isMG‟ nW bKSy[ ienHW dsW mgroN pMj ipAwirAW ny BweI mnI isMG, aunHW dy Cy spu`qr (BweI icqr isMG, bicqr isMG, BweI audY isMG, BweI Aink isMG, BweI Ajb isMG qy BweI Ajwieb isMG), BweI cOpw isMG, BweI Drm isMG (dIvwn), BweI Awlm isMG „n`cxw‟ qy BweI gurbKS isMG (rwm kMvr); XwrHW is`KW ny KMfy dI pwhul leI[ ienHW ie`kIAW qoN mgroN BweI rwie isMG mulqwnI, BweI gurbKS isMG, BweI gurb^SIS isMG, BweI ikrpw isMG d`q (ikrpw rwm), BweI snmuK isMG d`q (Brw BweI ikrpw rwm), BweI gurmuK isMG (ipqw BweI ikrpw rwm), BweI subyg isMG; BweI AmrIk isMG, BweI dXw isMG purohq, BweI brn isMG, BweI AxI isMG, BweI lwl isMG ipSOrIAw,

BweI rUp isMG, soFI dIp isMG, soFI nMd isMG, BweI nwƒ isMG idlvwlI, srihMd dy BweI hzwrI isMG, BweI BMfwrI isMG qy BweI drbwrI isMG vZYrw ny KMfy dI pwhul leI[ ienHW swry 45 is`KW nUM pwhul „pMj ipAwirAW‟ ny Awp id`qI sI[

ies mgroN Agly idn ienHW 50 ivcoN pMj-pMj isMGW dy keI jQy bxw id`qy gey jo hzwrW is`KW nUM pwhul dyx l`g pey[ ieM\ lgwqwr keI idn KMfy dI pwhul dyx ‟c bIq gey qy qkrIbn vIh hzwr is`KW ny KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI[ (ies qoN swibq huMdw hY ik ies mOky ‟qy AnMdpur swihb ivc 20 hzwr qoN vD is`K, bIbIAW qy b`cy phuMcy hoey sn[ iek lyKk ny 80 hzwr dI igxqI id`qI hY jo shI nhIN hY)[

pMj ipAwirAW h`QoN gurU jI v`loN pwhul lYx dI khwxI

BweI vIr isMG ny 1911 ivc iek nvIN g`p is`K qvwrI^ ivc Swiml kr id`qI sI ik „pMj ipAwirAW‟ nUM „KMfy pwhul‟ dyx mgroN gurU goibMd isMG ^ud aunHW A`gy KVy ho gey Aqy Awp „KMfy dI pwhul‟ dI mMg kIqI sI[ ieh g`p sB qoN pihlW BweI vIr isMG ny, gurdws isMG dy nW hyT ilKI iek inrmly lyKk dI 28 pauVIAW dI vwr dI sMpwdnw ivc ilKI sI[(ieh vwr ies dI AMdrUnI gvwhI muqwibk 1787  qoN mgroN dI rcnw hY ijs nUM BweI vIr isMG ny 41vIN vwr dw nW id`qw hY[ieh ausy toly ny ilKI sI ijs ny AKOqI „dsmgRMQ‟ dIAW kivqwvW ilKIAW sn)

ies vwr ivc iek lweIn AwauNdI hY “vwh vwh goibMd isMG Awpy gur cylw”; hwlW ik ies lweIn dw mqlb hrigz ieh nhIN inkldw ik gurU jI ny Awpxy „cyilAW‟, Xwin „pMj ipAwirAW‟ qoN KMfy dI pwhul leI sI qy ies kr ky auh „gurU vI qy cylw vI‟ bxy sn; Aqy nw hI aus „vwr‟ ivc iksy jgh gurU jI v`loN ^ud pwhul lYx dw izkr jW zrw mwsw ieSwrw vI AwauNdw hY[ ieh auhI vwr/kivqw hY ijs ivc AwauNdw hY “guru dws mnweI kwlkw KMfy kI vylw‟[ pIvhu pwhul KMfyDwr huie jnm suhylw[ gur sMgiq kInI Kwlsw mnmuKI duhylw[vwh vwh goibMd isMG Awpy gur cylw[”

gur-cylw l&z gurU gRMQ swihb ivc, rwg sUhI ivc, s&w 731 „qy AwauNdw hY “hmrI jwiq pwiq guru siqguru, hm vyicE isru gur ky] jn nwnk nwmu pirE gur cylw, gur rwKhu lwj jn ky]” (ijs dw mwAnw hY: “gurU hI myrI jwiq hY, gurU hI myrI ie`zq hY; mYN Awpxw isr gurU pws vyc id`qw hY; myrw isr gurU dy hvwly hY; hux myrw nW „gurU dw cylw‟ pY igAw hY, gurU jI hux qusIN hI Awpxy syvk dI ie`zq rKo qy r`b dw nW jpweI r`Ko)[

KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU krn dw Asl ibAwn „gurU kIAW swKIAW‟ dI 59 vIN swKI ivc imldw hY ik: “gurU swihb ny KMfy dy ipply „qy AMimRq pwie pwie pWc d&w ky Awpxy mUMh myN cuAwie, pWc hI bwr vwh gurU jI dI &qy gjweI”; Aqy iPr pMjW ipAwirAW ƒ ieh pwhul id`qI[(KMfy dI pwhul gurU swihb ny iek`ilAW iqAwr kIqI sI, aunHW nwl cwr hor jxy nhIN sn)[

auN\ AsUlI qOr ‟qy vI vyiKAw jwvy qW pMj ipAwirAW nUM pwhul dy ky iPr aunHW qoN pwhul lYxw bydlIlI g`l jwpdI hY[ ies dw mqlb ieh inkldw hY ik pwhul dyx vyly gurU swihb Awp qW Ajy pwhulIey nhIN sn (Xwin, ies khwxI muqwibk auh iek qrHW nwl„byAMimRqIey‟ hI sn)[ ies ihswb nwl qW pMj ipAwirAW ny iek „byAMimRqIey‟ pwsoN pwhul leI sI[ pr ieh shI nhIN[ gurU swihb ny pihlW Awpxy mUMh ivc pwhul dIAW pMj bUMdW pweIAW sn qy pihlW Awp „pwhulIey‟ bxy sn, Aqy, ^ud pwhul lYx mgroN aunHW ny pMj isMGW nUM pwhul id`qI sI[

BweI mnI isMG nUM gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) Byjxw

ienHIN idnIN gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dI bhuq swrI sMgq vI AnMdpur AweI hoeI sI[ aunHW ny gurU swihb nUM Arz kIqI ik mIxy (ipRQI cMd dy vwirs) gurU dw c`k C`f gey hn, ies kr ky au~QoN dI syvw sMBwl vwsqy iksy isrkrdw is`K nUM Byj id`qw jwvy[ gurU swihb ny BweI mnI isMG nUM pMj hor swQI lY ky gurU dw c`k jwx dw hukm id`qw[ gurU jI ny ienHW nUM Kwlsy dw nIlw inSwn swihb qy gurU gRMQ sihb dw dmdmI srUp vI Byt kIqw[

AnMdpur swihb ‟qy phwVI rwijAW dy hmly

gurU goibMd isMG swihb v`loN Kwlsw prgt krn mgroN hzwrW dI igxqI ivc lok is`KI ivc Swiml hox vwsqy AnMdpur swihb Awaux dI ^wihS r`Kx l`g pey sn[ ies dI soA muZl hwkmW dy nwl-nwl ihMdU cODrIAW ƒ Aqy bRwhmx jmwq ƒ vI iml rhI sI[

ienHIN idnIN hI gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb dy lohgVH iklHy ‟c hiQAwr bxwaux dw kwr^wnw lw ilAw[ BweI rwm isMG isklIgr ies kwr^wny dw ieMcwrj sI[ ies kwr^wny ‟c bVy vDIAw hiQAwr bxwey gey[ ies dw crcw swry pwsy hox l`g ipAw[ iblwspur irAwsq dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd dw purohq prmw nMd pihloN hI is`KW nwl Kwr KWdw sI[ aus ny Awly-duAwly dy rjvwiVAW ƒ vI BVkwieAw qy ikhw ik gurU goibMd isMG phwVI irAwsqW ‟qy kbzw krn vwsqy iqAwrIAW kr rhy hn[ kuJ cODrI qy rjvwVy aus dI cu`k ivc Aw gey[ ies mgroN auh bhwny GVn lg pey ik iksy qrIky nwl AnMdpur swihb ‟qy hmlw kIqw jwey[ ienHIN idnIN iek vwr (12 julweI 1698 dy idn) gurU goibMd isMG swihb kuJ isMGW nUM nwl lY ky nyVy dy phwVI jMgl ivc iSkwr krn gey[ ies mOky ‟qy aunHw dw twkrw kWgVy dy rwjy

Awlm cMd ktoc Aqy aus dy jrnYl blIAw cMd ktoc nwl ho igAw[ ktocW v`loN gurU swihb ‟qy hmlw kIqy jwx ‟qy BweI audY isMG, qy BweI Awlm isMG ny vI qlvwrW sUq leIAW[ dohW pwisEN zbrdsq lVweI SurU ho geI[ ienHW JVpW dOrwn BweI audY isMG h`QoN blIAw cMd dI iek bWh v`FI geI[y Awlm cMd ktoc vI burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ mgroN ienHW z^mW kwrn blIAw cMd dI mOq ho geI[

nUh dy rMGVW nUM szw

22 meI 1699 dy idn poTohwr dI sMgq gurU swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy AnMdpur swihb AweI qW rwh ivc nUh ipMf dy rMGVW ny lu`t leI[ ienHW is`KW iv`coN bhuq Ajy bhuqy pwhulIey nhIN sn[ ies kr ky aunHW kol ikrpwnW nhIN sn[ aunHW dI hwlq vyK ky gurU swihb ny Agly idn 23 meI nUM swihbzwdw AjIq isMG qy BweI audY isMG dI AgvweI ivc iek sO isMGW nUM nUh dy lutyirAW ƒ szw dyx vwsqy ByijAw[ ies jQy ny nUh ivc jw ky lutyirAW dw AwgU kyro rwm rMGV PV ky AnMdpur lY AWdw; aus ny gurU swihb dy pYr PV ley qy A`gy qoN pwp nw krn dw pRx kIqw; ies ‟qy gurU swihb ny sMgqW dy kihx ‟qy aus nUM muAw& kr id`qw[

iblwspurIAW v`loN AnMdpur „qy cwr idnw hmlw

qwrwgVH ‟qy hmlw: blIAw cMd qy Awlm cMd dI burI qrHW hwr hox mgroN, hux iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny Awp h`Q Azmwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ qwrwgVH dw iklHw AnMdpur swihb qoN pMj iklomItr dUr ipMf qwrwpur ivc sI[ ie`Qy Kwlsw &OjW dw isr& iek Cotw ijhw j`Qw irhw krdw sI[ ies dI kmwn swihbzwdw AjIq isMG kol sI[ 29 Agsq 1700 vIrvwr dy idn Ajmyr cMd ny Acwnk ies iklyH ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ny ies hmly ƒ pCwVn vwsqy kuJ isMG A`gy kIqy[ ienHW ny bVI bhwdrI nwl duSmx dI &Oj dw twkrw kIqw[ auDr jdoN gurU jI ƒ hmly dw pqw l`gw qW aunHW ny BweI audY isMG dI AgvweI ivc svw sO isMGW dw jQw ByijAw[ ies gihg`c lVweI ivc bhuq swry phwVI &OjI mwry gey[ phwVI rwijAW dw AwgU GumMf cMd BweI audY isMG dy h`QoN burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ iek pihr (3 GMty) dI lVweI mgroN phwVI &OjW dOV geIAW[ ies lVweI ivc BweI kilAwx isMG (pu`qr ShId BweI idAwl dws), BweI mMgq isMG (Brw BweI PyrU aur& „s`cI dwVHI‟) qy BweI eISr isMG vI ShId hoey[ ies mgroN gurU jI ny bwkI swry ikilHAW dy jQydwrW ƒ vI cOks kr id`qw[

ies lVweI sbMDI „B`t vhI qUmr ibMjlauNqo kI‟ ivc iek ieMdrwj ieM\ imldw hY :

“eISr isMG bytw kyvl kw poqw AwVU kw, ibMjlauNq, kilAwn isMG bytw idAwl dws kw poqw mweIdws kw, bMJrauq, mMgq isMG bytw ibMnY aupl kw….vwsI AMb mwVI pRgnw lwhOr…swl sqrW sY sqvMjw Bwdv pRivSty aun`qIs vIrvwr dy idhuM, gurU ky Sihzwdy AjIq isMG kw bcn pwie, iklw qwrwgVH ky mlhwn, pRgnw qwrwpur, eyk pihr Gor juD kr ky, Gxy prbqI mwr, swhmyN mwQy rx myN jUJ kr ShwdqW pwie gey [ GumMf cMd bytw gMBIr cMd kw, BweI audY isMG ky hwQ sy Gwiel hoieAw [” (B`t vhI qUmr ibMjlauNqoN kI)

&qihgVH ‟qy hmlw: Agly idn Sukrvwr 30 Agsq ƒ Ajmyr cMd qy aus dy swQIAW dIAW &OjW ny iklHw &qihgVH ‟qy hmlw vI kr id`qw[ ies iklyH dI kysgVH swihb vwly pwsy v`l dI kMD Ajy ADUrI sI[ ies iklyH dw jQydwr BweI Bgvwn isMG (pu`qr BweI mnI isMG) sI[ BweI Bgvwn isMG dI jQydwrI hyT igxqI dy isMGW ny hI phwVI &OjW dw ft ky mukwblw kIqw qy bhuq swry phwVI &OjI mwr mukwey[ Swm hox mgroN phwVI &OjW mYdwn C`f ky dOV geIAW[ ies lVweI ivc BweI Bgvwn isMG, BweI jvwhr isMG (pu`qr BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw), BweI nMd isMG (pu`qr BweI Awlm isMG, poqw BweI drIAw) ShId ho gey[

ies bwry „B`t vhI jwdobMsIAW kI‟ ivc ieM\ izkr AwauNdw hY :

“Bgvwn isMG bytw mnI isMG kw, poqw mweIdws kw…puAwr, jvwhr isMG bytw lKIey kw, poqw goDU kw bVqIAW knwvq, nMd isMG bytw Awlm isMG kw, poqw drIAw kw…puAwr jlhwnw Awid…swl sqrW sY sqvMjw, Bwdvw pRivSty qIs gurUvwr ky idhuM, gurU kw bcn pwie, iklw &qygVH prgnw shotw ky mlhwn, swmyH mwQy jUJ kr mry, Awgy gurU Bwxy kw KwibMd hY, gurU kI giq gurU jwny [” (B`t vhI jwdobMsIAW kI, Kwqw bVHqIey knwauNqo kw)[

AgMmgVH ‟qy hmlw: do idn v`K-v`K ikilHAW ‟qy hmlw kr ky hwr Kwx mgroN Ajmyr cMd ny qIjy idn 31 Agsq ƒ iklHw AgMmgVH ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ iklHw AgMmgVH AnMdpur qoN qkrIbn fyF iklomItr dI dUrI ‟qy crn gMgw coA dy dUjy pwsy, ipMf AgMmgVH ivc sI[ aus vyly ies iklyH ivc vI igxqI dy hI isMG sn[ qkrIbn fyF pihr (4-5 GMty) lVweI hoeI qy Ajmyr cMd qy aus dy swQI ies lVweI ivc vI burI qrHW iSksq Kwx mgroN hrn ho gey[ ies lVweI ivc BweI bwG isMG (pu`qr rwey isMG qy BqIjw BweI mnI isMG) qy BweI Grbwrw isMG (pu`qr nwƒ isMG idlvwlI qy Brw dIvwn drbwrw isMG) ShIdIAW pw gey[

B`t vhIAW „c ies lVweI dw izkr ieM\ AwieAw hY :

“bwG isMG bytw rwie isMG kw, poqw mweI dws kw…Grbwrw isMG bytw nwƒ isMG kw, poqw bwGy kw…vwsI idlvwlI, swl sqrW sY sqvMjw Bwdv idhuM iek`qIs, SnIvwr ky idvs, gurU kw bcn pwie, iklHw AgMmgVH prgnw AgMmpurw ky mlhwn, prbqI rwjXoN ky gYl fyF pihr Gor juD kr ky, swmyHN mwQy jUJ kr suAws dIey[”

(B`t vhI qlwauNFw prgnw jINd, Kwqw jlHwny puAwroN kw)

lohgVH ‟qy hmlw: qIjy idn vI burI qrHW hwr Kwx mgroN aus rwq ƒ Ajmyr cMd, dUjy phwVI rwjy qy aunHW dy vzIr iek`Ty hoey[ ienHW ivc Ajmyr cMd dw mwmw kysrI cMd vI sI[ kysrI cMd ny iqMn idn mwr Kwx dy bwvjUd hux lohgVH iklHy ‟qy hmlw krn vwsqy AwiKAw[ aus ny ikhw ik „gurU jI dw hiQAwrW dw ^zwnw iklHw lohgVH ivc hY qy jy auh swfy kbzy ivc Aw igAw qW gurU jI Aslw-rihq ho jwxgy[‟ ies iklHy dw drvwzw sB qoN vD mzbUq sI[ kysrI cMd dy vzIr krm cMd ny cOQI lVweI krn qoN roikAw, pr iksy ny aus dI iek nw suxI[ Ajmyr cMd ny Awpxy bRwhmx vzIr prmw nMd dI slwh ‟qy iek hwQI ƒ Srwb ipAw ky, iklHy dw drvwzw qoVx vwsqy Byjx dw PYslw kIqw[ ies mOky ‟qy kysrI cMd ny ieh AYlwn vI kIqw ik “mYN gurU goibMd isMG dw isr lwh ky ilAwvWgw, nhI qW mYN vwips Gr nhIN muVWgw[” aus rwq gurU swihb iklHw AnMdgVH swihb ivc bYTy sn[ BweI cqr isMG brwV ny gurU swihb ƒ ies plwinMg dI sUh id`qI[ gurU swihb ny hwzr isMGW iv`coN mjITy dy dunI cMd DwlIvwl msMd (jo bVy Bwry ijsm vwlw S^s sI) dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh SrwbI hwQI ƒ roky[ buzidl dunI cMd frdw mwrw rwq ƒ iklHy dI kMD qoN r`sy nwl auqr ky AnMdpur swihb qoN B`j igAw[ ies mgroN BweI bicqr isMG ny gurU swihb qoN hwQI dw mukwblw krn dI iejwzq mMgI[ gurU swihb ny bicqr isMG ƒ Awpxw „nwgnI brCw‟ dy ky lVweI vwsqy iqAwr kIqw[ ies dy nwl hI BweI audY isMG ny jsvwrIey rwjy kysrI cMd ƒ soDx dI iejwzq mMgI[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ „krpw‟ nW dw brCw dy ky Qwpxw id`qI[ svyr cVHn qoN pihlW dovyN Brw iklHw lohgVH dy bwhr pu`j gey[

Agly idn pihlI sqMbr ƒ jdoN mdmsq hwQI lohgVH v`l AwieAw qW BweI bicqr isMG ny pUrw zor lw ky brCy ƒ hwQI dy m`Qy ivc AYny zor nwl mwirAw ik auh brCw, hwQI dy m`Qy ‟qy bMnHIAW qvIAW ivMnH ky, AMdr qk Ds igAw[ ies dy nwl hI BweI bicqr isMG ny iek dm brCy nUM zor nwl vwips iK`c ilAw[ hwQI drd nwl icMGwVdw ip`Cy v`l ƒ B`ijAw[ hwQI dy pYrW hyT Aw ky bhuq swry phwVI &OjI mwry gey [ auDr BweI audY isMG qyzI nwl GoVw dOVw ky kysrI cMd kol pu`j igAw qy ikhw ik “qUµ gurU swihb dw isr lYx AwieAw sI[ lY pihloN Awpxw isr bcwA[” ieh kih ky BweI audY isMG ny ikrpwn dy ie`ko vwr nwl kysrI cMd dw isr v`F ilAw qy nyzy ‟c proA ky AnMdgVH iklyH ‟c jw ky gurU swihb dy pYrW ivc jw r`iKAw[ rwjw kysrI cMd dy mrn mgroN BweI mnI isMG, BweI Syr isMG qy BweI nwhr isMG dI AgvweI ‟c isMGW ny bhuq swry phwVI &OjI pwr bulwey[ lohgVH dy bwhr crn gMgw dy mYdwn ‟c phwVI &OjIAW dIAW lwSW dy Fyr l`g gey[ ies mgroN kuJ hI plW ivc Ajmyr cMd qy aus dy swQI phwVIAW dI &Oj isr ‟qy pYr r`K ky B`j geI qy iblwspur jw ky hI swh ilAw[ ies lVweI ivc BweI mnI isMG bhuq burI qrHW z^mI hoey (aus idn BweI mnI isMG AMimRqsr qoN iksy kMm Awey hoey sn) BweI Awlm isMG (BweI mnI isMG dy dwdy b`lU dy Brw drIAw dw pu`qr), su`Kw isMG (BqIjw BweI mnI isMG), KuShwl isMG (pu`qr BweI m`Kx Swh lubwxw) ShIdIAW pw gey[

ies bwry B`t vhI qlwauNFw ieM\ dsdI hY :

“gurU kw bcn pwie mnI isMG bytw mweIdws kw, poqw b`lU rwie kw…bicqr isMG bytw mnI isMG kw, audY isMG bytw mnI isMG kw….Awlm isMG bytw durgwdws kw, poqw pdmyN kw…hjwvq AWibAwnw…swl sqrW sY sqvMjw AsUj pRivSty pihlI rvIvwr ky idhuM iklHw lohgVH, prgnw mwKovwl sy, Kwlsw dl ko gYl lY crn gMgw ndI ky mlHwn swmHyN mwQy Gor juD kIAw[ bicqr isMG ny hwQI ko mwr BgwieAw[ audY isMG ky hwQ sy kysrI cMd jsvwrIAw mwrw igAw[ mnI isMG s^q Gwiel huey[ Awlm isMG bytw drIAw dw poqw mUly kw….jlHwnw, suKw isMG bytw rwie isMG kw, poqw mweI dws kw, kuSwl isMG bytw mKn Swh kw, poqw dwsy kw, pylIAw bnjwrw rx myN jUJ kr mry[ Awgy gurU Bwxy kw KwibMd hY, gurU kI giq gurU jwxy[”(B`t vhI qlwauNFw prgnw jINd, Kwqw jlhwnoN kw)

AnMdpur qoN inrmohgVH

cwr idn dI lVweI ivc burI qrHW iSksq Kwx Aqy mwmw kysrI cMd sxy sYNkVy &OjI mrvwaux mgroN, Ajmyr cMd ny iblwspur dy bweIDwr dy phwVI rwijAW dw iek iek`T bulwieAw[ swirAW ny cwr lVweIAW ivc hwr dw bVw A&sos kIqw[ kysrI cMd dy mrn ‟qy swry phwVI rwijAW ƒ sdmw pu`jw[ aunHW mihsUs kIqw ik auh gurU swihb ƒ &OjI lVweI ivc hrw nhIN skdy[ A^Ir aunHW iek qrkIb socI[ aunHW ny vzIr pMifq prmw nMd ƒ AnMdgVH iklyH ByijAw[ aus ny pihlI AkqUbr dI rwq ƒ Awty dI gaU bxw ky iklyH A`gy r`K ky, nwl iek ic`TI bMnH id`qI, ijs ivc iliKAw sI ik AsI ksm KWdy hW ik A`goN kdy vI AnMdpur ‟qy hmlw nhIN krWgy[ swry pwsy swfI byie`zqI hoeI hY[ AsIN iksy ƒ mUMh idKwaux jogy nhIN rhy[ Awp iek vwrI AnMdpur swihb C`f ky cly jwE qy Pyr bySk kuJ idnW mgroN hI vwips Aw jwxw[ AsIN lokW nUM kih skWgy ik AsIN AnMdpur ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw hY[ ies nwl swfI ie`zq rih jwvygI[

Agly idn do AkqUbr ƒ gurU swihb ƒ auyh ic`TI iklyH dy pihrydwr ny id`qI[ gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik ieh p`Qr-pUj phwVIey ieqbwr dy kwibl nhIN[ pr iPr vI jy ienHW ‟qy qrs krn nwl ienHW dI ie`zq bcdI hY qW swƒ koeI &rk nhIN pYNdw[ gurU swihb ny BweI dieAw isMG, BweI audY isMG qy hornW nwl mSvrw kr ky AnMdpur swihb C`fx dw PYslw kr ilAw[ gurU swihb ny cwr AkqUbr 1700 dy idn AnMdpur C`f idqw[ ieh ngr iek vwr Pyr vIrwn ho igAw[

auDr jdoN Ajmyr cMd ƒ pqw l`gw ik gurU swihb AnMdpur ^wlI kr ky inrmohgVH cly gey hn qW aus ny AnMdpur swihb ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ hux aus ny Awpxy swQIAW nwl slwh kIqI ik ies vkq gurU swihb iksy iklHy ivc nhIN blik iek phwVI ‟qy qMbU g`f ky bYTy hn qy jy ies mOky ‟qy hmlw kIqw jwey qW gurU swihb ƒ Gyrw pw ky ^qm jW igR&qwr kIqw jw skdw hY[ jdoN Ajmyr cMd dI ies swizS dw pqw aus dI dwdI dy jIjy, bswlI dy rwjy slwhI cMd, ƒ l`gw qW aus ny hrkq qoN roikAw[ pr Ajmyr cMd ‟qy SYqwn svwr sI, auh nw tilAw qy aus ny inrmohgVH ‟qy hmlw krn dI iqAwrI SurU kr id`qI[

inrmohgVH qy hmlw

8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj ny inrmohgVH ivc gurU swihb ‟qy hmlw bol id`qw[ svw pihr dohW pwisAW qoN Gmswx dI lVweI hoeI[ Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj kol golw brUd kw&I sI qy aus dI &Oj dI igxqI vI bhuq sI[ gurU swihb kol igxvyN cuxvyN isMG hI sn[ ies dy bwvjUd isMG sIs qlI ‟qy r`K ky lVy[

(ie`QoN hI muhwvrw „sIs qlI ‟qy r`K ky lVnw‟ SurU ho igAw sI, drAsl „sIs qlI ‟qy r`Kx dw mqlb hY: jwn dI prvwh kIqy ibnW lVnw[‟ mgroN iksy klwkwr ny bwbw dIp isMG dI iek iKAwlI qsvIr bxweI ijs ivc aus ny aunHW dw k`itAw hoieAw isr aunHW dI qlI ‟qy r`iKAw hoieAw idKwieAw sI)[

ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry phwVI &OjI mwry gey[ AwpxI hwr vyK ky Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj mYdwn C`f geI[ ies lVweI ivc dIvwn swihb isMG (pu`qr BweI mqI dws), BweI mQrw isMG (pu`qr ShId BweI idAwl dws), BweI sUrq isMG, BweI dyvw isMG, BweI AnUp isMG DwlIvwl qy BweI srUp isMG DwlIvwl (pihlI sqMbr nUM SrwbI hwQI qoN fr ky B`jx vwly dunI cMd DwlIvwl dy poqy) ShId ho gey[

ies dw izkr „B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI‟ ivc ieM\ imldw hY :
“swihb isMG bytw mqIdws kw poqw hIrw ml kw…iCbr bRwhmx, mQrw isMG bytw idAwl dws kw poqw mweI dws dw bMJrauNq jlHwnw….sUrq isMG bytw kyvl kw poqw AwVU kw, qUmr ibMjlauq, dyvw isMG bytw qygy kw poqw suKy kw audwnw, swl sqrW sY sqvMjw, kwriqk pRivSty sqmIN mMglvwr dy idhuM, inrmohgF ky mlHwn, prgnw kihlUr kI jMg myN swmyNH mwQy jUJ kr mry[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw puAwr jlHwnoN kw)

inrmohgVH ‟c burI qrHW hwr Kwx mgroN Ajmyr cMd ny srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn nUM gurU swihb dy i^lw& vrqx dI qrkIb bxweI[ aus ny Awpxy vzIr pMifq prmwnMd ƒ srhMd ByijAw[ aus ny vzIr ^wn nUM ^br id`qI ik ies vkq gurU goibMd isMG iek phwVI ‟qy qMbU g`f ky bYTy hn qy auh vI QoVHy ijhy is`KW nwl[ ies hwlwq ivc aunHW ‟qy hmlw kr ky aunHW nUM ^qm kIqw jw skdw hY[ vzIr ny Ajmyr cMd v`loN ByjI kuJ rkm vI vzIr ^wn nUM ByNt kIqI[ ies ‟qy vzIr ^wn ny Awpxy iek jrnYl rusqm ^wn ƒ &Oj dy ky inrmohgVH v`l jwx vwsqy AwK id`qw[ auDr jdoN BweI icqr isMG qy BweI bicqr isMG (dovyN pu`qr BweI mnI isMG) ƒ pqw l`gw ik rusqm ^wn inrmohgVH v`l cVHweI krn tur ipAw hY qW aunHW ny qlvwr dI mu`T ‟qy h`Q r`K ky AYlwn kIqw ik auh mUhry jw ky aus pTwx jrnYl nwl Awhmo-swhmxy ho ky h`Qo-h`Q lVweI krngy[ 13 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn rusqm ^wn qy aus dw Brw nwsr ^wn AlI ny &OjW ƒ cwVH ilAWdw[ aunHW ny AwauNidAW hI inrmohgVH dI it`bI qoN QoVI dUr iek hor it`bI (SwhI it`bI) ‟qy morcy kwiem kr ley[ plW ivc hI nwsr ^wn ny gurU jI v`l qop dw golw mwirAw[ aus goly nwl gurU jI dw cOr-brdwr BweI rwm isMG kSmIrI ShIdI pw igAw[ gurU swihb ny ausy vyly iSsq bMnH ky AYsw qIr mwirAw ik rusqm ^wn QW ‟qy hI mr igAw[ iesy mgroN BweI audY isMG dy qIr nwl nwsr ^wn vI mwirAw igAw[ dohW BrwvW dy mrn mgroN vI muZl &OjW ip`Cy nw htIAW qy Awhmo-swhmxI lVweI hoeI[ Swm qk zbrdsq jMg huMdI rhI[ A^Ir hMB ky muZl &OjW srhMd ƒ vwips muV geIAW[ ies lVweI ivc BweI rwm isMG, BweI ihMmq isMG qy BweI mohr isMG ShIdIAW pw gey[ ies lVweI dw izkr B`t vhI qlwauNFw ivc ieM\ imldw hY :

“ihMmq isMG bytw jIqy kw poqw rwmy kw, audwnW, mohr isMG bytw DUmy kw poqw kwnyH kw….qUmr ibMjlauq, swl sqrW sY sqvMjw ,kiqk pRivSty bwrW ,rvIvwr ky idhuM, inrmohgVH ky mlHwn, prgnw kihlUr swmyHN jUJ kr mry[” (B`t vhI qlwauNFw prgnw jINd, Kwqw audwinEN kw)[

muZl &OjW dI hwr mgroN Ajmyr cMd iek vwr Pyr Awp &Oj lY ky inrmohgVH Aw igAw[ aus ny cohW pwisAW qoN inrmohgVH dI nwkwbMdI kr id`qI[ gurU swihb ny isMGW ƒ cwr jiQAW ivc vMf ky duSmx dIAW &OjW dw zrbdsq mukwblw kIqw[

FweI pihr zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ dohW pwisAW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw[ ies lVweI ivc BweI jIqw isMG, BweI nyqw isMG Aqy hor keI isMG ShId ho gey[

gurU swihb bswlI gey

bswlI (inrmohgVH Aqy kIrqpur swihb) qoN qkrIbn 15 iklomItr dUr) iek phwVI ipMf hY (nUrpur bydI qoN 6 iklomItr)[ audoN ieh iek in`kI ijhI irAwsq sI [ ies dw rwjw slwhI cMd sI[ slwhI cMd dI pqnI rwxI hIrw dyvI iblwspur dI rwxI cMpw (Ajmyr cMd dI dwdI) dI skI BYx sI[ rwxI cMpw (mOq 1691)

Aw^rI swhW q`k gurU Gr dI syvwdwr rhI sI[ jdoN hIrw dyvI qy slwhI cMd ƒ pqw l`gw ik Ajmyr cMd ny dZw kr ky gurU swihb nUM inrmohgVH Byj ky aunHW ‟qy hmlw kIqw hY qy hux inrmohgVH dI Gyrw-bMdI kIqI hoeI hY qW aunHW ny Awpxw vzIr gurU jI v`l ByijAw qy aunHW ƒ inrmohgVH C`f ky bswlI Awaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ bswlI irAwsq sqluj dirAw dy dUjy pwr sI[

gurU swihb 15 AkqUbr nUM qVky vyly inrmohgVH qoN sqluj dirAw v`l c`l pey qW jo dirAw pwr kr ky bswlI jw skx[ auDr jdoN Ajmyr cMd ƒ ies dw pqw l`igAw qW aus ny gurU swihb ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ gurU swihb ny is`K &OjW ƒ do ih`isAW ivc vMf id`qw qy Awp dirAw pwr kr gey[ ieDr BweI audY isMG dI AgvweI ‟c isMGW ny qIrW Aqy golIAW dw AYsw mINh vrHwieAw ik iek vwr qW duSmxW dI qObw kr id`qI[ jdoN swrI &Oj pwr kr geI qW BweI audY isMG vI dirAw pwr kr gey qy gurU jI ƒ jw imly[ ies lVweI ivc BweI kysrw isMG, BweI gokl isMG qy kuJ hor is`K ShIdIAW pw gey[

Swm vyly gurU jI bswlI phuMc gey[ bswlI dy lokW ny gurU jI ƒ bVI grm-joSI nwl jI AwieAW AwiKAw[ gurU jI rwjw slwhI cMd dy mihl ivc rhy qy isMGW vwsqy phwVI dy hyTW qMbU lw id`qy gey[

KyVw klmot dI lVweI

bswlI rihMidAW gur jI 20 AkqUbr dy idn iSkwr Kyfx vwsqy nyVy dIAW phwVIAW ivc gey; ies dOrwn iek biGAwV dw ip`Cw krdy Awp bswlI qoN 24 iklomItr dUr KyVw qy klmot ipMfW dIAW phwVIAW ivc Aw pu`jy[ eyQy klmot dy rMGVW Aqy gu`jrW ny is`KW qy hmlw kr id`qw ijs dOrwn BweI jIvn isMG (pu`qr BweI pRymw, poqw BweI mUlw, ieMj irSqy ivc auh BweI mnI isMG dw cwcw lgdw sI) mwirAw igAw[ ies mgroN is`KW ny klmotIAW nUM ^Ub sbk isKwieAw qy A^Ir rMGVW Aqy gu`jrW ny gurU jI qoN muAw&I mMgI qy KlwsI pweI[

AnMdpur vwpsI Aqy mwqw jIq kOr dw clwxw

gurU swihb dy bswlI rihMidAW rwjw swlwhI cMd ny Ajmyr cMd ƒ smJw ky mslw h`l krvw idqw[ ies mgroN 30 AkqUbr ƒ gurU swihb vwips AnMdpur swihb cly gey[ ies qoN pMj h&qy mgroN 5 dsMbr 1700 dy idn gurU swihb dI pihlI pqnI, mwqw jIq kOr, cVHweI kr gey[ ies vkq swihbzwdw &qih isMG dI aumr isr& fyF swl sI[ aus dI syvw sMBwl mwqw gujrI ny sMBwl leI[

bjrOVIAW ƒ szw

15 mwrc 1701 dy idn dVp dyS (rwvI qy JnW dy ivckwrlw ielwkw) dI sMgq gurU swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy AnMdpur swihb AweI qW rwh ivc izlHw huiSAwrpur dy iek ipMf bjrOV (c`byvwl dy nyVy, ies nUM bjrwvV vI kihMdy hn) dy gu`jrW qy rMGVW ny lu`t leI[ ienHW is`KW iv`coN bhuq Ajy bhuqy pwhulIey nhIN sn[ ies kr ky aunHW kol ikrpwnW nhIN sn[ aunHW dI hwlq vyK ky gurU swihb ny swihbzwdw AjIq isMG qy BweI audY isMG dI AgvweI ivc iek sO isMGW ƒ (AnMdpur swihb qoN 70 iklomItr dUr) bjrOV/ bjrwvV dy lutyirAW ƒ szw dyx vwsqy ByijAw[ 17 mwrc 1701 dy idn ienHW ny bjrOV/ bjrwvV pu`j ky ipMf dy lutyry muKIAW ic`qU qy im`qU ƒ s^q szw id`qI[ ies Gtnw qoN mgroN iPr koeI iSkwieq AnMdpur nhIN phuMcI[

holw mh`lw dw mylw

24 &rvrI qoN 2 mwrc 1702 qk AnMdpur swihb ‟c bhuq rOxkW rhIAW[ ienHW idnW ivc ihMdU lok holI dw iqauhwr mnw rhy sn[ gurU swihb ny is`KW ƒ ies bymwAnw rsm qoN bcx vwsqy is~iKAw id`qI[ gurU swihb ny 3 mwrc 1702 dy idn iek nvW iqauhwr „holw mh`lw‟ mnwieAw[ ies idn swry is`K iklHw AnMdgVH Aw pu`jy[ ieQy Aw ky Ardws krn mgroN Sbd pVHdy hoey isMG iklHw holgVH v`l cl pey[ surmeI dsqwrW dw jlUs kwlIAW GtwvW vWg ciVHAw hoieAw jwpdw sI[ jlUs ny holgVH phuMc ky Sbd pVyH qy Pyr vwpsI AnMdgVH v`l kIqI[ aus idn GoV svwrI, nyzybwzI, qlvwr-bwzI, gqkw, gurIlw lVweI Aqy KyfW dy mukwbly krvwey gey[ aus idn qoN isMGW ny hr swl holw mh`lw mnwauxw SurU kIqw jo Aj qk jwrI hY (pr kuJ bysmJ lok ihMdU-holI dI nkl kridAW hux rMg vI pwaux l`g pey hn[ ieh gurU swihb dIAW hdwieqW dy ault hY)[

rwjw slwhI cMd dI mOq

25 AkqUbr 1702 dy idn bswlI dw rwjw slwhI cMd cVHweI kr igAw[ aus dy Bog dy sbMD ivc guurU swihb 14 nvMbr 1702 dy idn bswlI gey[ slwhI cMd dI mOq mgroN Ajmyr cMd nUM smJwaux vwlw koeI nhIN sI irhw[

gurU swihb ‟qy iek hor hmlw

jnvrI 1703 ivc gurU swihb kurUkSyqr gey[ vwpsI ‟qy 13 jnvrI 1703 dy idn rwjw Ajmyr cMd dI Sih ‟qy sYd byZ qy Al& ^wn ny cmkOr dy nyVy gurU swihb ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ gurU swihb nwl mwqw gujrI, dovyN mihl (pqnIAW) qy svw ku sO isMG sn[ BweI audY isMG qy hor XoiDAW ny hmlwvrW dI cMgI KuMB T`pI[ hmlwvrW ny dOV ky AwpxI jwn bcweI[

dyvkI dws bRwhmx dI pqnI muVvwauxw

mwrc 1703 ivc dyvkI dws nW dw iek bRwhmx AnMdpur swihb gurU swihb kol AwieAw Aqy &irAwd kIqI ik aus dI bIvI ƒ duAwby dw cODrI jbr ^wn cu`k ky lY igAw hY[ gurU swihb ny swihbzwdw AjIq isMG qy BweI audY isMG dI AgvweI

‟c iek sO isMG aus bRwhmx dI pqnI idvwaux vwsqy Byjy[ ienHW ny 7 mwrc dy idn b`sI klW (izlHw huiSAwrpur, AnMdpur swihb qoN 70 iklomItr dUr) ƒ Gyrw pwieAw[ jbr jMg ^wn ny bRwhmxI vwips krn dI QW twkrw ‟qy kIqw[ lVweI ‟c jbr jMg ^wn mwirAw igAw qy bRwhmx ƒ aus dI pqnI vwips iml geI[ jd ieh ^br lokW qk phuMcI qW aunHW ny is`KW dI bhuq qwrI& kIqI[ gurU swihb v`loN iensw& idvwaux dI Aqy aunHW dI soBw dI ^br jd Ajmyr cMd ƒ phuMcI qW auh hor vI sV-bl igAw[

Ajmyr cMd v`loN hmilAW dI nvIN SurUAwq

AkqUbr 1700 ivc rwjw slwhI cMd ny gurU swihb Aqy Ajmyr cMd iblwspurIey ‟c lVweI mukvw id`qI sI[ rwjw slwhI cMd dI mOq mgroN Ajmyr cMd Pyr hrkqW krn l`g ipAw[ aus dy ispwhI Gwh-p`Tw lYx dy bhwny AnMdpur swihb ‟c koeI nw koeI Srwrq krdy rihMdy sn[ hux aus nwl hMfUr (nwlwgVH) dw rjvwVw vI Swiml ho igAw sI[ CotIAW motIAW JVpW mgroN A^Ir 16 jnvrI 1704 dy idn Ajmyr cMd, hMfUrI rwjy qy ienHW dy hor swQIAW dIAW &OjW ny AnMdpur swihb ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ieDroN isMGW ny vI f`t ky mukwblw kIqw[ Kwlsw &OjW dI AgvweI kr rhy jQy dw AwgU BweI mwn isMG inSwncI sI[ aus ny inSwn swihb ƒ zmIn ‟c g`f ky lVweI lVI[ lVweI ‟c z^mI ho ky auh zmIn ‟qy if`g ipAw qy nwl hI inSwn swihb vI tu`t ky zmIn ‟qy if`g ipAw[ lVweI Swm qk jwrI rhI[ A^Ir keI &OjI mrvw ky Ajmyr cMd iblwspur muV igAw[

inhMg &`rry dI SurUAwq

BweI mwn isMG dy z^mI hox Aqy inSwn swihb dy if`gx dI ^br jdoN gurU swihb kol pu`jI qW aunHW aus vyly AwpxI v`fI surmeI dsqwr hyTW bMnHI hoeI nIlI kyskI ivco iek lIr pwV ky AYlwn kIqw ik hux Kwlsy dy inSwn kdy vI nw tu`tygw, nw if`gygw, nw Jukygw[ ieh AwK ky aunHW aus lIr nUM JMfy/inSwn swihb vWg AwpxI dsqwr ‟c sjw ilAw[ gurU swihb dy kol bYTy BweI audY isMG, BweI ihMMmq isMG, BweI swihb isMG, BweI mohkm isMG qy BweI Awlm isMG „n`cxw‟ ny vI AwpxIAW nIlIAW kyskIAW iv`coN &`rry lwh ky dsqwrW ‟c sjw ley[ aunHW dy kol bYTy swihbzwdw &qih isMG, jo Ajy isr& Cy ku swl dy sn, ny vI &`rrw sjw ilAw[ ies idn qoN inhMg isMGW jiQAW dy AwgUAW dIAW dsqwrW ivc sjy &`rry sjwaux dI SurUAwq hoeI[ ijs QW gurU swihb ny &`rrw (dumwlw) sjwieAw sI, aus QW Aj-klH gurduAwrw dumwlgVH bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh QW kysgVH swihb dy iblkul swhmxy hY[

swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dw ivAwh

B`t vhI pUrbI d`KxI muqwibk ienHW idnW ivc burhwnpur dy BweI jyTw isMG, aunHW dI isMGxI bIbI lCmI kOr qy bytI qwrw kOr AnMdpur swihb ivc AweIAW hoeIAW sn[ qwrw kOr ny iek idn dirAw ‟qy swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ƒ vyiKAw Aqy aus nUM idloN cwhux lg peI[ aus dy mwipAW ny aus dI hwlq vyK ky gurU swihb nwl g`l kIqI[ gurU swihb ny swihbzwdy nwl g`l kIqI qW aus ny ieh ivAwh krnw mnzUr kr ilAw[ ieh ivAwh 15 jnvrI 1705 ƒ hoieAw[

ies sbMDI ieh B`t vhI ieM\ ibAwn krdI hY :
“AjIq isMG bytw gurU goibMd isMG mhl dsmyN kw, poqw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI kw, pVpoqw gurU hirgoibMd jI kw…bMs gurU Arjn jI kI, sUrjbMsI gosl goqrw, soFI KqrI, bwsI AnMdpur prgnw kihlUr, kw ivvwh, qwrw bweI bytI jyTw isMG sy, swl sqrW sY iekwht mwG sudI eykm ky idvs, iklw AnMdgF myN hUAw[ gurU kI kVwhI kI…[” (B`t vhI pUrbI d`KxI)

iesy B`t vhI ivc swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dy Gr, 9 idsMbr 1705 dy idn Awgrw Sihr ivc, iek bytw hox dw izkr vI imldw hY[ ies byty dw nW hTI isMG r`iKAw igAw sI[ B`t vhI muqwibk :
“hTI isMG bytw AjIq kw, poqw gurU goibMd isMG jI mhl dsmyN kw, pVpoqw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI kw, bMs gurU hirgoibMd jI kI, sUrjbMsI gosl goqr soFI KqrI,

 

bwsI AnMdpur, prgnw kihlUr, sMmq sqrW sY bwsT poK mwsy sudI pMcmIN ky idhuM Awgrw ngrI, prgnw mQurw BweI srDw isMG bytw mohkm dws gulwtI AroVw ky gRih myN hUAw [ gurU kI kVwhI kI, AiQq grIb gurby ko mwnw [” (B`t vhI pUrbI d`KxI, Kwqw hjwvq AWibAwnoN kw)[

kuier isMG dy guriblws pwqswhI dsvIN, kWf 16, ivc vI ies dw izkr imldw hY[ swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dy ivAwh dw izkr mYN „B`t vhIAW‟ ivc Awey hvwilAW kr ky kIqw hY[ B`t vhIAW is`K qvwrI^ dw sB qoN kImqI somw hn[ kuJ lyKk ies SwdI nUM nhIN mMndy qy auh hTI isMG nUM AjIq isMG pwilq dw pu`qr bxw dyNdy hn[ hTI isMG dI mOq aus dy nwnky ngr burhwnpur (m`D pRdyS) ivc hoeI sI[ gurduAwrw bVI sMgq dy ip`Cly ihsy ivc qwrw kOr qy hTI isMG dIAW smwDW bxIAW hoeIAW hn[

Ajmyr cMd dy Aw^rI hmly

13 mwrc 1705 dy idn Ajmyr cMd ny hMfUrI &OjW ƒ nwl lY ky AnMdpur swihb ‟qy iek vwr Pyr hmlw kr id`qw[ ieh lVweI do idn c`lI[ Ajmyr cMd ies vwr Pyr hwr igAw[ ies vkq qk gurU swihb ƒ pqw l`g cukw sI ik Ajmyr cMd ny hMfUr qy hor phwVI rwijAW ƒ nwl imlw ky, sUbw srihMd dI mdd nwl iek v`fy hmly dI iqAwrI kr irhw hY[ ies mOky ‟qy iek v`fI qy lMbI jMg hox dy Awswr sn[ ies kr ky gurU swihb ny 29 mwrc 1705 dy idn AnMdpur swihb ‟c rih rhy swry isMGW dw iek`T bulwieAw Aqy aunHW ƒ AwiKAw ik swry gRihsqI isMG Awpxy bIvI b`icAW ƒ lY ky Awpo-Awpxy vqnW ƒ cly jwx[ dohW mwqwvW ƒ vI BweI jyTw isMG qy bIbI qwrw kOr dy nwl burwhnpur v`l tor id`qw igAw (mwqwvW nUM BweI mnI isMG dy nwl Byjx dI g`l mgroN SurU hoeI sI[ BweI mnI isMG aus vyly gurU dw c`k, AMimRqsr, dI syvw-sMBwl krdy sn)[ hux AnMdpur swihb ivc gurU swihb, mwqw gujrI, cwr swihbzwdy qyy qkrIbn pMj ku sO isMG hI bwkI rih gey sn[

3 meI 1705 dy idn Ajmyr cMd ny hzwrW &OjW nwl AnMdpur swihb ƒ Gyr ilAw[ gurU swihb ny swry ikilHAW ivc pUrI qkVweI kIqI hoeI sI pr aus vyly AnMdpur swihb ‟c Anwj koeI bhuqw nhIN sI[ Ajmyr cMd dIAW &OjW ny cwry pwsy Gyrw pwieAw hoieAw sI[ ies Gyry qoN kuJ hor dUr hMfUrI &OjW, gu`jrW qy rMGVW qy srhMdI &OjW ny morcy sMBwly hoey sn[ hOlI-hOlI isMGW dy lMgr msqwny ho gey[ isMG CoilAW dI rozwnw iek mu`T nwl guzwrw krn l`gy[ ies hwlq ivc kuJ isMG Gbrwaux l`g pey[ auh AnMdpur swihb dw Gyrw qoV ky inklxw cwhuMdy sn[ gurU swihb Ajy kuJ icr rukxw cwhuMdy sn[ isMGW ny mwqw gujrI ƒ mnw ilAw ik AnMdpur swihb C`f dyxw cwhIdw hY[ mwqw jI ny gurU swihb ‟qy zor pwieAw[ ies dy nwl hI 4 idsMbr 1705 dy idn kurwn SrI& dI ijld ‟qy l`gI AOrMgzyb dI iek ic`TI lY ky smwxy dw rihx vwl SwhI kwzI AnMdpur swihb phuMicAw[ aus ivc AOrMgzyb ny iliKAw sI ik gurU jI AnMdpur C`f ky kWgV ksby ‟c Aw jwx[ au~Qy Awaux mgroN hwlwq ‟qy ivcwrW kIqIAw jwxgIAW[ ieh vI ikAws kIqw jWdw hY

ik ieh ic`TI phwVI rwijAW jw srihMd dy sUbydwr ny jwAlI iqAwr krvweI hovygI[ gurU swihb ny ies ic`TI ‟qy BweI dieAw isMG qy hor muKI isMGW nwl ivcwr kIqI[ ausy vkq AnMdpur swihb ‟c ^br AweI ik CyqI hI srihMd dy gvrnr vzIr ^wn dI v`fI &Oj vI AnMdpur swihb ‟qy hmlw krn dI iqAwrI kr rhI hY[ ies &Oj dw pihlw pVwA ropV ‟c 5 idsMbr 1705 dI rwq ƒ hovygw[

AOrMgzyb dI ic`TI bwry ivcwr dOrwn bhuqy isMG cwhuMdy sn ik gurU swihb pirvwr sxy AnMdpur swihb qoN kWgV ipMf cly jwx qy ip`CoN Kwlsw &OjW muZlW qy phwVIAW nwl do h`Q krn[ pr gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik auh is`KW ƒ iek`ilAW C`f ky nhIN jwxgy[ gurU swihb ny &Yslw kIqw ik swry dy swry 500 isMG iek`Ty hI jwxgy[ aunHW bwkI ikilHAW ivcoN vI swry isMGW ƒ bulw ilAw[ aunHW swry is`KW ƒ do ih`isAW ivc vMf id`qw[ iek pwsy gurU swihb Aqy aunHw nwl cwlHI „drbwrI‟ isMG sn (ienHW ƒ AnMdpur swihb dy „cwlHI mukqy‟ AwK ky Xwd kIqw jWdw hY)[ dUjy pwsy mwqw gujrI, cwr swihbzwdy qy bwkI cwr sO s`T isMG sn[ ienHW swirAW ƒ A`goN v`K-v`K ih`isAW ivc vMf id`qw igAw[ cwr sO s`T ivcoN pMjwh isMG BweI audY isMG dy nwl sn, iek sO isMG BweI jIvn isMG rMGryty nwl, iek sO isMG BweI bicqr isMG nwl, iek sO isMG mwqw gujrI qy swihbzwidAW dy nwl qy bwkI dy isMG iek v`Kry jQy ivc jwx sn[ cwlHI ‟coN sYNqI mukqy gurU swihb dy nwl jwxy sn[ bwkI dy iqMn mukqy, BweI audY isMG, BweI jIvn isMG qy BweI bicqr isMG; iqMny cwlHI drbwrI is`KW ivc Swiml sn, pr ienHW ƒ jiQAW dI kmWf vI id`qI hoeI sI[

AnMdpur swihb C`fxw

5-6 idsMbr dy idn, do GVIAW rwq geI, gurU swihb c`k nwnkI qy isry ‟qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy sskwr vwlI jgHw (gurduAwrw sIs gMj) phuMcy Aqy aunHW ny BweI gurb^S dws audwsI ƒ ies jgHw dI syvw sMBwl id`qI Aqy Awp isMGW ƒ nwl lY ky iklHw AnMdgVH Aw gey[ AnMdgVH Aw ky Awp ny sB qoN pihlW 90 isMGW dy iek j`Qy dI ih&wzq ivc mwqw gujrI, do Coty swihbzwdy Aqy iek Aqy iek duMnw isMG nW dy is`K qy suiB`KI nW dI iek isMGxI nUM kIrqpur v`l toirAw[ ies mgroN AOrMgzyb dI ic`TI ƒ sMBwilAw, iPr BweI audY isMG dI AgvweI ‟c 50 isMGW dw jQw rvwnw kIqw Awp vI ip`Cy tur pey[ ienHW ip`Cy swihbzwdw AjIq isMG qy BweI bu`Fw isMG dw jQw Aw irhw sI[ ienHW ip`Cy BweI jIvn isMG qy sB qoN ip`Cy BweI bicqr isMG dw jQw sI[ gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb qoN kIrqpur swihb huMdy hoey, ipMf J`KIAW dI jUh ‟coN lMG ky srsw ndI dy kMFy v`l jwxw sI Aqy eyQoN ndI pwr krnI sI[ gurU swihb ny pirvwr ƒ cmkOr v`l Byjxw sI Aqy Awp kotlw inhMg (ropV) v`l jwxw sI[

Ajy gurU swihb kIrqpur lMGy hI sn ik ip`CoN phwVI qy muZl &OjW ny qIrW Aqy golIAW nwl hmlw kr id`qw[ gurU swihb ny Awpxw jwmw joVw BweI audY isMG ƒ b^S ky aus ƒ SwhI it`bI qy qwienwq kIqw qy aus nwl pMjwh isMG lVn vwsqy id`qy[ aunHW BweI audY isMG ƒ AwiKAw ik swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ƒ AwKxw ik auh au~Qy nw rukx Aqy kotlw inhMg cly jwx[ ies mgroN Awp ny mwqw gujrI, do Coty swihbzwidAW qy du`nw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI nwl srsw ndI ƒ pwr kIqw[ ienHW ip`Cy Aw irhw vhIr vI srsw pwr kr igAw[ gurU swihb ny iek sO isMGW ƒ AwiKAw ik auh au~Qy ruk ky ip`Cy Aw rhIAW &OjW dw rwh f`kx[ hux iqMny jQy duSmx dI &Oj dw rwh rokx vwsqy fty hoey sn: BweI audY isMG SwhI it`bI ‟qy, BweI jIvn isMG ipMf J`KIAW kol Aqy qIjw jQw srsw ndI dy dUjy kMFy ‟qy sI[ cOQw jQw BweI bicqr isMG dw srsw pwr ky ropV v`l rvwnw ho cu`kw sI[ QoVHy icr ivc mwqw guujrI, do Coty swihbzwdy Aqy do syvwdwr dUr inkl ky cmkOr v`l cly gey sn Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb, BweI b^iSS isMG BweI gurb^SIS isMG Aqy kuJ hor swQI isMG kotlw inhMg ivc phuMc cu`ky sn[

ip`CoN Aw rhI phwVI &Oj ny pihlW qW BweI jIvn isMG dy jQy ‟qy hmlw kIqw[ ipMf J`KIAW ivc hoeI ies lMbI lVweI ivc BweI jIvn isMG rMGyrtw, bIbI iB`KW (bytI bjr isMG qy isMGxI BweI Awlm isMG „n`cxw‟) Aqy iek sO isMG ShId ho gey[

ies lVweI dw izkr „B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI‟ ‟c ieM\ imldw hY:
“jIvn isMG bytw AigAw kw, poqw du`ly kw…bwsI id`lI, mh`lw idlvwlI is`KW, sO is`KW ko gYl lY sMmq sqrW sY bwsT poK mwsy sudI dUj vIrvwr ky idhuM srsw ndI qy qIr rwjw Ajmyr cMd bytw BIm cMd kw…rwxy dI &Oj gYl ds GrI jUJ ky mrw[ Awgy gurU Bwxy kw KwivMd gurU kI giq gurU jwny[ gurU gurU jpnw jnm saurYgw[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI)

dUjI lVweI SwhI it`bI ‟qy hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc BweI audY isMG Aqy pMjwh isMG ShId ho gey[ BweI audY isMG ny dsvyN pwqSwh vrgw joVw jwmw pihinAw hoieAw sI[ Ajmyr cMd ny BweI audY isMG ShId hoey vyK ky aus dy k`piVAW kr ky aus nUM gurU goibMd isMG swihb smJ ilAw Aqy aus dw isr ktvw ky ropV dy nvwb v`l Byj id`qw qy rOlw pw id`qw ik „AsIN gurU ƒ mwr ilAw hY[‟

ies lVweI ƒ „B`t vhI krisMDU‟ ieM\ ibAwn krdI hY :
“audY isMG bytw mnI isMG, poqw mweIdws kw, pVpoqw b`lU rwie kw cMdrbMsI
BwrduAwjI goqrw puAwr bMs, bINJy kw bMJrauq jlhwnW…sMmq sqrW sY bwsT poK mwsy idhuM swq gey vIrvwr ky idvs pcws is`KW ko gYl lY SwhI it`bI ky mlhwn, prgwnw BrQgV rwj kihlUr, AwD GrI idhuM inkly, rwjw Ajmyr cMd bytw BIm cMd kw, poqw dIp kw, pVpoqw qwrw cMd kw bMs kilAwn cMd kI cMdyl goqrw rwxy kI &Oj gYl bwrW GrI jUJ ky mrw [”

qIjw jQw BweI bicqr isMG dw rMGVW dI &Oj nwl mlkpur (audoN mlkpur rMGVW) ipMf dI jUh ivc iBV ipAw[ ie`Qy vI bVI zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc swry isMG ShId ho gey[ BweI bicqr isMG burI qrHW z^mI ho gey[ ip`Cy Aw rhy swihbzwdw AjIq isMG, BweI mdn isMG qy aunHW dy swQIAW ny BweI bicqr isMG ƒ z^mI pey hoey vyiKAw Aqy cu`k ky auQoN Cy iklomItr dUr ipMf kotlw inhMg ^wn lY Awey[

gurU goibMd isMG swihb pihloN hI ieQy hwizr sn[ ies mgroN BweI bic`qr isMG BweI inhMg Kwn dy Gr ivc hI rhy[ inhMg Kwn dI bytI bIbI mumqwj ny aunHW dI bVI syvw kIqI pr aunHW dy z^m eyny gihry sn ik auh bc nw sky[ Awp dI ShIdI 8 dsMbr 1705 dy idn hoeI[ Awp dw sskwr BweI grsw isMG ghUxIAW sYxI Aqy BweI b`gw isMG qrKwx ny rwqo-rwq kr id`qw[ ies qrHW BweI bic`qr isMG gurU Gr dI syvw krdy hoey ShIdI jwm pI gey[ BweI bic`qr isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhI qlauNFw ivc ies qrHW AwauNdw hY:
“bicqr isMG bytw mnI isMG kw, poqw mweIdws kw, pVpoqw b`lU kw, cMdrbMsI BwrdvwjI goqr puAwr, bMs bINJy kw bMJrauq, jlHwnw, blauNq, gurU kw bcn pwie sMmq 1762 poK mwsy sudI dUj ko, mlkpur „rMGVW‟ ky mlHwn rMGVW ky hwQ sy Gwiel hoie poK mwsy sudI cauQ Sukrvwr ky idhuM fyF pihr rwq geI, kotlw inhMg myN suAws pUry hUey[ sudwgr kI pq gurU rwKI, ies kI bytI mumqwj kw sq rhw[”

(B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgnw jINd) ies bwry B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ivc vI ieh ieMdrwj imldw hY:
“bicqr isMG bytw mnI isMG, poqw mweIdws kw…. gurU kw bcn pwie, swl sqrW sY bwsT, poK mwsy sudI dUj, vIrvwr ky idhuM, mlkpur ky mlHwn pRgnw ropr, rMGVW gYl juD myN Gwiel hoie, gwm kotlw pRgnw inhMg Kwn ky gRih rhw[ poK mwsy sudI cOQ, SnIvwr ky idvs, fyF pihr rYx geI, suAws pUry hoey[ inhMg Kwn kI pq gurU rwKI, eys kI bytI kw sq rhw [”

(B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI) BweI inhMg KW dI ies bytI, jo b`sI pTwxW dy iek muslmwn jvwn nwl mMgI hoeI sI, ny Awpxy bwp vloN &Oj qoN bic`qr isMG ƒ bcwaux vwsqy boly JUT ƒ ielwhI hukm mMnidAW hoieAW bic`qr isMG ƒ Awpxw KwvMd (pqI) mMn ilAw Aqy bwkI dI rihMdI aumr BweI bic`qr isMG dI byvw (ivDvw) vjoN guzwr id`qI[ lok aus ƒ mweI mumqwz AwKx l`g pey sn[ mweI mumqwj dI kbr qy aus dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw  ipf bVI (kotlw inhMg ^wn qoN  15 iklomItr dUr iek phwVI „qy) ivc aus dI Xwdgwr vjoN mOjUd hY[

cmkOr dI lVweI

6-7 dsMbr dI rwq ny gurU swihb BweI inhMg ^wn dy Gr ibqweI[ phu-Pu`tx qoN pihlW gurU swihb auQoN inkl ky cmkOr v`l cl pey[ gurU swihb nUM musilm ielwky ivcoN lMGwaux Aqy cmkOr dw rsqw idKwaux vwsqy inhMg ^wn dw bytw Awlm ^wn gurU swihb nwl bUr mwjrw qk igAw[ ies mgroN kuJ isMG hor vI cmkOr vwsqy iek`ly-iek`ly cl pey[ 7 qwrI^ dI svyr q`k gurU swihb, do v`fy swihbzwdy Aqy 45 isMG cmkOr phuMc cu`ky sn[

gurU swihb, do swihbzwidAW Aqy 47 swQI isMGW ny cmkOr ivc BweI ibDI cMd rwvq (iek somw hor nW ilKdw hY) dI gVHI ivc fyrw lw ilAw [ do rwqW dy aunHINdy Aqy lMby pYdl s&r dI vjh kr ky ieh swry dy swry isMG Q`ky hoey sn [ ieh swry CyqI hI sON gey [

gurU swihb dy cmkOr pu`jx dI ^br iksy ny rUpV Qwxy ivc phuMcw id`qI[ aus vyly ropV ivc mlyrkotly dIAW 700 &OjW nvwb Syr muhMmd ^wn dy Coty Brw nwhr KW dI AgvweI ivc AnMdpur swihb „qy hmlw krn ivc ih`sw pwaux vwsqy vI pu`jIAW hoeIAW sn qy auh vI iek dm cmkOr v`l rvwnw ho geIAW[ Swm vyly swrIAW SwhI &OjW cmkOr pu`j geIAW[ &Oj dy Awaux bwry gurU swihb ƒ pihloN hI pqw l`g cu`kw sI [ aus vyly hwlwq Aijhy sn ik isMGW dw cmkOr qoN inkl jwxw Awswn nhIN sI [ ies krky gurU swihb ny qurk &Oj dw twkrw au~Qy hI krn dw &Yslw kIqw [ gurU swihb dy nwl isr& 47 isMG sn qy dUjy pwsy qurk &Oj v`fI igxqI ivc sI [ kuJ lyKkW ny ies &Oj dI igxqI 10 l`K ilKI hY, jo nwmumikn sI [ auN\ cmkOr swihb ivc 10 l`K bMdy Aw vI jwx qW svwl pYdw hovygw ik auh ikMny lMby cOVy mYdwn ivc KVy hoxgy ? dUjw, aus vyly ropV dy nvwb qy srhMd dy sUbydwr qW kI AOrMgzyb dI kul &Oj (mnsbdwrW Aqy mwmlw dyx vwly rwijAW dI &Oj sxy) do l`K vI nhIN sI [ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik bic`qr nwtk ivc l&z “ds lwK” dw mqlb igxqI d`sxw nhIN blik ieh kihxw hY ik bhuq izAwdw &Oj sI [

is`K BwvyN igxqI ivc 47 sn qy muZl &Oj dI igxqI bhuq izAwdw sI pr gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny cmkOr dI gVHI dI ivauNqbMdI bVy Swndwr qrIky nwl kIqI [ aunHW ny 8-8 isMG gVHI dIAW dIvwrW nwl KVy kr id`qy [ BweI Drm isMG qy BweI Awilm isMG n`cxw ƒ h`lw-SyrI dyx Aqy KVkw-dVkw krn vwsqy bIr-rsI bolW dI syvw b^SI geI [ BweI dXw isMG, mohkm isMG, swihb isMG, ihMMmq isMG qoN ielwvw dovyN swihbzwdy gurU swihb dI Fwl bx ky hwizr rhy [ gVHI dy drvwzy dI rwKI vwsqy BweI mdn isMG qy BweI kwTw isMG ƒ qwienwq kIqw igAw[ aunHW dy ip`Cy BweI Syr isMG qy BweI nwhr isMG KVy hoey [

SwhI &Oj ny gVHI ‟qy pu`jidAW hI iek dm hmlw kr id`qw [ hzwrW ispwhIAW dw hmlw rokx vwsqy isMGW ny iek dm qIrW dw mINh vrHw id`qw [ ies nwl qurk &Oj ny is`Dw hmlw krnw bMd kr id`qw [ kuJ icr rukx mgroN ropV dI &Oj dw muKI nwhr KW qIr kmwn PV ky A`gy viDAw [ auh mMinAw hoieAw XoDw sI qy aus ny XkInn do cwr is`K Awpxy qIrW nwl hI ShId kr dyxy sn [ ies g`l ƒ BWpdy hoey gurU swihb ny iek qIr is`Dw nwhr KW v`l clwieAw [ gurU jI dy qIr nwl nwhr KW QwieN hI FyrI ho igAw [ nwhr KW dy mrn nwl qurk &Oj dy hOsly tu`t gey qy auh ip`Cy ht geI [ pr aunHW ivcoN iek pTwx auQoN nw ihilAw [ aus joSIly pTwx ny vwr-vwr A`gy vD ky gVHI ‟qy hmlw kIqw [ aus au~qy clwey kuJ qIr byAsr rhy qy auh gVHI dy drvwzy q`k pu`j igAw [ drvwzy ‟qy BweI mdn isMG qy BweI kwTw isMG KVy sn [ aunHW dohW ny aus pTwx ‟qy keI vwr hmly kIqy pr, auh pTwx vI koeI mMinAw XoDw sI [ aus ny keI vwr bcwey qy aultw keI prqvyN vwr aunHW dohW ‟qy kIqy [ ies h`Qo-h`Q lVweI ivc auh pTwx vI mwirAw igAw Aqy BweI mdn isMG qy BweI kwTw isMG vI ShId ho gey [ ieh dovyN cmkOr dI gVHI dy pihly ShId sn[ cmkOr ivc ShId hox vwly 40 isMG ieh sn: 1.BweI ihMMmq isMG 2. BweI mohkm isMG 3. BweI swihb isMG (iqMn ipAwry) 4. BweI dyvw isMG 5. BweI rwm isMG 6. BweI tihl isMG 7. BweI eISr isMG 8. BweI &qih isMG (pMj mukqy) 9. BweI Ank isMG 10. BweI Ajb isMG 11. BweI Ajwieb isMG (BweI mnI isMG dy iqMn pu`qr) [ 12. BweI dwn isMG (BweI mnI isMG dw Brw) [ 13. BweI Awilm isMG n`cxw [ 14. BweI vIr isMG (aus dw Brw) 15. BweI mohr isMG 16. BweI Amolk isMG (BweI Awilm isMG n`cxw dy do pu`qr) [ 17. BweI mdn isMG 18. BweI kwTw isMG 19. BweI nwhr isMG 20. BweI Syr isMG 21. BweI ikrpw isMG d`q qy aus dw Brw 22. BweI snmuK isMG 23. BweI nwƒ isMG idlvwlI 24. BweI bKiSS isMG 25. BweI gurbKSIS isMG 26. BweI mukMd isMG 27. BweI mukMd isMG (dUjw) 28. BweI ^zwn isMG 29. BweI lwl isMG 30. BweI jvwhr isMG 31. BweI kIrq isMG 32. BweI Swm isMG 33. BweI hukm isMG 34. BweI kysrw isMG 35. BweI DMnw isMG 36. BweI su`Kw isMG 37. BweI bu`Fw isMG 38. BweI AnMd isMG 39. BweI sMq isMG bMgySrI 40. BweI sMgq isMG AroVw (Aw^rI dovyN 8 dsMbr dI svyr nUM ShId hoey sn)[ rwq ƒ nbI ^wn Aqy ZnI ^wn gurU swihb ƒ au~QoN k`F ky lY gey[ cmkOr qoN gurU swihb mwCIvwVw pu`jy[ kuJ lyKkW ny cmkOr dy cwlHI mukiqAW ivc hor nW id`qy hn [ ienHW ivc BweI sMqoK isMG, igAwnI igAwn isMG, BweI sumyr isMG qy BweI kwnH isMG nwBw hn [ pr B`t vhIAW dy sbUqW ƒ swhmxy r`iKAw ieh sUcIAW shI swibq nhIN huMdIAW [

7 qy 8 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq q`k cmkOr dI gVHI ivc hwizr 45 isMGW qy do swihbzwidAW ivcoN dovyN v`fy swihbzwdy Aqy (iqMn ipAwirAW, BweI ihMmq isMG, BweI swihb isMG, BweI mohkm isMG smyq) 38 isMG ShId ho cuky sn; qy isr& s`q is`K hI bcy sn: BweI dXw isMG, BweI Drm isMG, BweI dXw isMG purohq, BweI mwn isMG inSwncI, BweI rwm isMG (pu`qr BweI bicqr isMG qy poqw BweI mnI isMG), BweI sMq isMG bMgySrI qy BweI sMgq isMG CwbVw[rwq ƒ nbI ^wn Aqy ZnI ^wn gurU swihb ƒ au~QoN k`F ky lY gey[ cmkOr qoN gurU swihb mwCIvwVw pu`jy[

ies Gyry, lVweI Aqy ShIdIAW dI ^br kot pTwxW (kotlw inhMg ^wn) dy BweI inhMg Kwn dI BYx bIbI aumrI dy GrW q`k phuMc cu`kI sI[ bIbI aumrI dy pu`qr BweI nbI Kwn qy ZnI Kwn dovyN Brw ropV dy nvwb mlyrIey pTwx dI &Oj dy ispwhI sn[ ieh dovyN Brw mwCIvwVy dy rihx vwly sn[ aunHW ny A`DI rwq vyly gVHI dy iek pwsy qoN gurU swihb nUM &OjI vrdI phuMcweI ijs nUM pihx ky gurU swihb au~QoN inkly Aqy mwCIvwVw nUM cl pey[ bwkI dy pMj is`K iek-iek kr ky gVHI dy ipCly pwsy qoN auqr ky inkl pey[ ip`Cy isr& do is`K, sMq isMG AroVw qy sMgq isMG bMgySrI hI rih gey[ ieh sMgq isMG CwbVw, AroVw is`K sI, nw ik dilq, ijhw ik ip`Cy ijhy iksy ilKwrI ny Zlq ilK idqw hY)[

gurU swihb dy nwl cmkOr dI gVHI ‟coN inklx vwly pMj isMG sn: BweI dXw isMG, BweI Drm isMG (dovyN ipAwry), BweI dXw isMG purohq, BweI mwn isMG inSwncI Aqy BweI rwm isMG prmwr[ gurU swihb cmkOr qoN inkl ky BweI nbI ^wn qy ZnI ^wn nwl (22 iklomItr dUr) aunHW dy ngr mwCIvwVw pu`jyy[

mwqw gujrI qy do in`ky swihbzwdy

mwqw gujrI qy do in`ky swihbzwdy, BweI du`nw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI srsw ndI qoN cl ky is`Dy cmkOr phuMc gey[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik swirAW ny cmkOr ivc iek`Ty hox dw &Yslw kIqw hoxw hY[ cmkOr ivc mwqw jI qy do swihbzwidAW nUM shyVI ipMf dy DuMmw qy drbwrI, jo kdy ies ielwky dy msMd huMdy hn, Awpxy nwl Awpxy ipMf lY gey qy BweI du`nw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI Awpxy GrIN cly gey (cmkOr qoN shyVI qkrIbn 18 iklomItr hY)[

rwq vyly msMdW ny mwqw jI dI sony dIAW muhrW vwlI QYlI corI kr leI[ AglI svyr 7 dsMbr dy idn jd mwqw jI ny svyry auT ky QYlI corI hox dI g`l kIqI qW msMd aultw AOKy ho pey qy aunHW ny mwqw jI qy swihbzwidAW dy au¤Qy hox bwry ieqlwh moirMfw Qwxy (jo auQoN swFy iqMn iklomItr hY) Byj id`qI[ ikauNik is`K irvwieq muqwibk gMgU ny swihbzwidAW nUM PVvwieAw ikhw jWdw hY, ho skdw hY ik gMgU bRwhmx msMdW dw rsoeIAw hovy[ ausy idn moirMfw qoN ispwhI shyVI pu`j gey Aqy mwqw jI qy swihbzwidAW nUM PV ky lY gey[ iek irvwieq muqwibk swihbzwidAW nUM borIAW ivc pw ky GoiVAW „qy l`idAw igAw sI[ 8 dsMbr dI rwq aunHW ny moirMfw Qwxy ivcly kYdKwny ivc k`tI[ AglI svyr aunHW nUM srhMd iljwieAw igAw qy ieQoN dy sUbydwr vzIr ^wn kol pyS kIqw igAw[ vzIr ^wn ny aunHW nUM srhMd dy iklHy dy burj ivc kYd kr id`qw[ ieh burj cOhW pwisAW qoN KulHw sI Aqy dsMbr dIAw TMfIAW hvwvW nwl bMdy nUM auN\ hI A`Dw kU murdw kr dyNdw hY[ (mgroN gurduAwry dI iemwrq bxwaux vwilAW ny ies nUM FuAw ky ies dI qvwrI^ dI inSwnI vI ^qm kr id`qI[

in`ky swihbzwidAW qy mwqw jI dI ShIdI

9 dsMbr nUM jd b`icAW nUM vzIr ^wn kol pyS kIqw igAw qW aus ny b`icAW nUM muslmwn bxwaun vwsqy lwlc id`qy, Aqy, Drm nw C`fx dI sUrq ivc ShId krn dI DmkI vI id`qI[ mwqw gujrI dI god ivc ply, ShId dwdy gurU qyZ bhwdr dy poqy, Drm C`fxw ikvyN kbUl kr skdy sn! aus ny aunHW nUM do idn socx dw smW vI id`qw[ A^Ir 12 dsMbr dy idn vzIr ^wn ny aunHW nUM kwzI koloN muslmwn bx jwx dI sUrq ivc irhw krn dI pySkS krvweI[ pr aunHW v`loN nWh krn „qy aunHW nUM ^qm krn dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw[

Awm qOr ‟qy ieh prcwr kIqw jWdw irhw hY jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy in`ky swihbzwidAW ƒ srhMd dy nvwb vzIr ^wn ny kql krn vwsqy hukm id`qw qW mlyrkotly dy pTwn hwkm Syr muhMmd ^wn ny AKOqI “hwA” dw nwArw mwirAw sI[ drAsl aus ny koeI “hwA” dw nwArw nhIN sI mwirAw sI[ Gtnw ieM\ sI: jd vzIr ^wn ny swihbzwidAW nUM kql krn dw hukm id`qw qW aus ny nvwb mlyrkotlw nUM ikhw ik “qyry Brw nUM gurU goibMd isMG ny cmkOr dI lVweI ivc mwirAw sI; hux ieh qyry hvwly kr dyNdw hW qUM ienHW nUM mwr ky Awpxy Brw dy mwrn dw bdlw lY lY[” ies „qy Syr muhMmd ^wn ny isr& eynw hI ikhw sI: “mYN Awpxw bdlw duSmx dy mwsUm b`icAW qoN nhIN blik aus (gurU) qoN hI lvWgw[” cyqy rhy ik swihbzwidAW dy kql dy hukm dI aus ny koeI mu^wl&q nhIN kIqI sI; aus ny qW Awpxy Brw dy gurU jI dy h`QoN mwry jwx bdlw b`icAW qoN lYxw mnzUr nhIN kIqw sI[ Syr muhMmd ^wn dI ieh g`l sux ky vzIr ^wn nUM vI Srm AweI[ aus nUM vI Aihsws hoieAw ik gurU dy mwsUm b`icAW dw koeI ksUr nhIN hY qy aus ny aunHW nUM C`f dyx dw hukm dy id`qw[ ies smyN vzIr ^wn dw dIvwn su`cw nMd vI hwizr sI[ aus ny vzIr ^wn nUM b`icAW nUM Cf dyx qoN vrijAw qy ikhw ik „ieh s`p dy b`cy hn qy s`p dy b`cy v`fy ho ky vI s`p hI bxngy; ienHW nUM ^qm krnw hI byhqr hY[‟ ies „qy vzIr ^wn ny swihbzwidAW nUM dIvwr ivc icx dyx dw hukm dy id`qw[

12 dsMbr 19705 dy idn dohW b`icAW nUM nIhW ivc icx id`qw igAw[ pr CyqI hI dIvwr F“T geI qy b`cy if`g pey[ auh Ajy ijaUNdy sn[ aus vyly qk vzIr ^wn auQoN jw cukw sI[ jd aus nUM ies dI ^br id`qI geI qW aus ny ienHW dohW dIAW grdnW k`t dyx dw hukm dy id`qw[

iesy idn hI mwqw gujrI vI cVHweI kr gey[[ ieh prcwr kIqw jWdw hY ik b`icAW dI mOq dI ^br sux ky mwqw jI ny hIrw c`t ilAw qy iek hor crcw muqwibk mwqw jI ny burj qoN ClWg mwr id`qI sI (Xwin ik ^udkuSI kr leI sI)[ ieh dovyN g`lW Zlq hn[ pihlI g`l qW ieh ik aunHW kol hIrw ik`Qo Aw igAw[ dUjw mwqw jI ^udkuSI krn vwilAW ivcoN nhIN sn[ jy mwqw jI eyny kmzor idl vwly qy r`b dw Bwxw nw mMnx vwly huMdy qW Awpxy pqI dI ShIdI mgroN hI hIrw c`t lYNdy jW swh C`f jWdy[ mwqw gujrI qW Akwl purK dw Bwxw mMnx vwlI mhwn AOrq sn[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik mwqw gujrI jo ipCly cwr idn qoN TMfy burj ivc kYd sn qy srdIAW dI XK TMfI hvw ivc ibnw iksy kpVy qoN rih rhy hox Aqy Bu`Kx Bwxy hox kr ky burI qrHW inFwl qy qkrIbn byhoS ijhy ho cuky hoxgy[ ijhVy zwlm mwsUm b`icAW nUM nIhW ivc icx skdy hn qy aunHW dIAW grdnW v`F skdy hn, XkInn aunHW mwqw jI nUM vI qS`dd kr ky burj qoN hyTW sut ky ShId kr id`qw hovygw[

(mlyrkotly dy nvwb Syr muhMmd ^wn dI Asl khwxI: jd vzIr ^wn ny nvwb mlyrkotlw nUM ikhw ik swihbzwidAW nUM mwr ky Awpxy Brw dy mwrn dw bdlw lY lY qW Syr muhMmd ^wn ny isr& eynw hI ikhw sI ik mYN Awpxw bdlw duSmx dy mwsUm b`cy qoN nhIN blik aus (gurU) qoN hI lvWgw[ pr, jd srhMd dy nvwb ny b`icAW nUM dIvwr ivc icxn dw hukm id`qw Aqy dIvwr if`gx mgroN j`lwd h`QoN kql krvwieAw qW Syr muhMmd ^wn ny koeI ivroD nhIN kIqw sI[ drAsl, Syr muhMmd ^wn is`KW dw koeI hmdrd nhIN sI blik k`tV duSmx sI[ aus ny Aqy aus dy BrwvW, pu`qrW qy BqIijAW ny vwr-vwr gurU goibMd isMG jI Aqy is`KW ‟qy hmly kIqy sn[ 12 AkUqbr 1700 nUM inrmohgVH, 7-8 dsMbr 1705 nUM cmkOr, 9-10 meI 1710 dy idn mJYl isMGW ‟qy bihlolpur ivc Aqy 12 meI 1710 dy idn c`pV-icVI ivc vI aus ny zbrdsq t`kr leI sI Aqy srhMd dy sUbydwr vzIr ^wn dy hr hukm ‟qy Pul cVHwauNidAW is`KW ‟qy Akwrx hI hmly kIqy sn[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc auh Awp, aus dy iqMn Brw Aqy do BqIjy mwry gey sn[ ies kr ky isKW ƒ mlyrkotlw dy pTwx hwkm vI bhuq cuBdy sn Aqy auh aus ƒ vI szw dyxw cwhuMdy sn[ srhMd ij`qx qoN bwAd is`K &OjW ny mlyrkotlw vl kUc kr idqw[ jdoN mlyrIAW ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K &OjW mlyrkotlw vl Aw rhIAW hn qW au~QoN dw iek SwhUkwr ikSn cMd bwbw bMdw isMG ƒ imlx pu`jw[ ikSn cMd bMdw isMG ƒ pihlW qoN hI jwxdw sI[ aus ny bMdw isMG ƒ Arz kIqI ik mlyrkotlw ƒ b^S idqw jwvy[ aus ny SihrIAW dI qr&oN coKI v`fI rkm bMdw isMG ƒ pyS kr ky Sihr ƒ lu`ty jwx qoN bcw ilAw[ jy kr ikSn cMd bMdw isMG A`gy &irAwdI nw huMdw qW mlyrkotlw vI qbwh ho jwxw sI[ ies qoN mgroN vI mlyrkotly dy hwkmW ny Aihmd Swh durwnI nwl rl ky 1762 dy G`lUGwry qk is`KW dy i^lw& hr muihMm ivc ih`sw ilAw sI)[

swihbzwidAW Aqy mwqw gujrI dw sskwr qy tofr m`l

13 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ShId mwqw gujrI Aqy dohW in`ky swihbzwidAW dw sskwr srhMd iklHy dy ipCly pwsy Aqy Awm-^ws bwZ qoN pihlW (ij`Qy hux gurduAwrw joqI srUp hY) kIqw igAw sI[ ieh sskwr srhMd ivc rih rhy swbkw dIvwn tofr m`l dy prvwr ny kIqw sI[ ieh Awm pRcwr kIqw jWdw hY ik sskwr dIvwn tofr m`l ny kIqw sI qy sskwr krn vwsqy aus ny sony dIAW muhrW KVHIAW kr ky jgh leI sI[ ieh khwxI tofr m`l prvwr gurU jI dw SrDwlU jW is`KW dw hmdrd swibq krn vwsqy jW dIvwn tofr m`l dI Swn bxwaux vwsqy bxweI geI jwpdI hY[ dIvwn tofr m`l 1665-66 ivc, ies Gtnw qoN 40 swl pihlW, mr cukw sI[ so ieh sskwr aus dy pu`qr jW poqy ny kIqw hovygw[ (dIvwn tofr m`l prvwr dI Xwdgwr, jhwzI hvylI, A`j vI purwxy srhMd, hux &qihgVH swihb ivc, tu`tI hwlq ivc, mOjUd hY)[ ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik aunHW dw sskwr krn vwsqy tofr m`l prvwr qoN isvw koeI hor jxw A`gy nhIN AwieAw hovygw, hwlW ik srhMd ivc sUd ibrwdrI dy hzwrW ihMdU rihMdy sn[ sony dIAW muhrW vwlI g`l vI shI nhIN ho skdI ikauNik tofr m`l prvwr bhuq AmIr sI qy aunHW kol byihswb dOlq Aqy zmIn sI, ij`Qy auh sskwr kr skdy sn[ pr, ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik sskwr krn dI syvw Akwl purK ny aunHW dy h`QoN leI sI[

tofr m`l kOx sI?: muZlIAw qvwrI^ ivc do tofr m`l hoey hn[iek tofr m`l bwdSwh Akbr dw kwbl vzIr sI; aus dI mOq 8 nvMbr 1589 dy idn hoeI sI[ dUjw, ieh srhMd vwlw tofr m`l jo bwdSwh Swhjhwn dy zmwny ivc hoieAw sI; ies nUM „tofr m`l SwhjhwnI‟ vI ikhw jWdw hY[ bwdSwh ny ies nUM „rwey‟ dw i^qwb id`qw hoieAw sI[ ies kol pihlW 100 GoVsvwr Aqy 200 ipAwdw &Oj r`Kx dw h`k sI, jo vDdw vDdw 1648 ivc 2000 GoVsvwr qy 4000 ipAwdw ispwhIAW dw ho igAw sI[ iesy swl aus nUM „rwjw‟ dw i^qwb vI imilAw sI jo swrI muZlIAw qvwrI^ ivc isr& kuJ hI ZYr-muslmwnW nUM hI imilAw sI qy pMjwb ivc isr& ies tofr m`l nUM hI imilAw sI[ 1650 ivc ies tofr m`l dy inzwm hyT srhMd hI nhIN blik dIpwlpur, jlMDr qy sulqwnpur dy sUby vI sn[ ienHW dI Awmdn ivcoN 50 l`K tky swlwnw aus nUM Awpxy vwsqy imldy sn[ auh ijs mhl ivc rihMdw sI aus dw nW jhwzI hvylI sI ikauN ik aus dI Skl smuMdrI jhwz vrgI sI[ ies dI mOq 1665-66 ivc hoeI sI[ (mAwsr-aul-aumrw, ijld dUjI, s&y 286-87)[

moqI rwm mihrw

kuJ kvIAW ny swihbzwidAW dI ShIdI dy sbMD ivc iek moqI rwm mihrw dw izkr vI kIqw hY[ ies pRsMg muqwibk moqI rwm corI-corI burj „qy cVH ky swihbzwidAW Aqy mwqw jI nUM du`D ipAwieAw krdw sI[ pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik AYny s^q pihry ivc iksy dw duD dI bwltI jW lotw lY ky corI iklHy dI C`q „qy cVH jwxw nwmumikn hY; ^ws kr ky swihbzwidAW qk phuMc skxw, ijnHW vwsqy XkInn ^ws pihrw hovygw[ iklHy dy iqMn pwsy KweI sI qy isr& iek rsqy, muK gyt, v`loN hI AMdr jwieAw jw skdw sI[ iksy cOkIdwr dy rihm sdkw ieh g`l mumikn qW ho skdI hY[ jy Aijhw hoieAw huMdw qW cOkIdwr dw izkr vI hoxw sI[ drAsl ieh iksy kvI dI klpnw sI ijs nUM qvwrI^ bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI geI hY[ iksy vI purwxy qvwrI^I somy ivc ies S^s dw zrw-mwsw vI izkr nhIN hY[

gurU swihb dw dInw-kWgV jwxw qy z&rnwmw

gurU goibMd isMG 8 dsMbr 1705 dy idn mwCIvwVw pu`jy sn[ auQy aunHW dw pihlw pVwA BweI pMjwby dw bwZ sI[ rwq vyly auh BweI jIvn isMG dy Gr cly gey sn[ auDr cmkOr dI gVHI ivcoN inkly bwkI is`K AwlmgIr qy dInw kWgV v`l rvwnw ho cuky sn[ iqMn idn mwCIvwVw ivc BweI jIvn isMG dy Gr ivc rihx mgroN 11 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gurU swihb muslmwnW dy pIrW vwly hry rMg dy (muslmwn ienHW hry kpiVAW nUM nIl-bsqr kihMdy sn; nIl dw l&zI mwAnw hY „rMgdwr‟) pihx ky Ajnyr dy kwzI crwZ dIn qy cwr hor muslmwn murIdW (ienwieq AlI nUrpur, kwzI pIr muhMmd sloh, subyg Swh hlvwrw Aqy hsn AlI moTU mwjrw) nwl mwCIvwVw qoN dInw kWgV v`l c`l pey[ aunHW ny is`Dw rsqw nhIN ilAw blik ivcoN-iv`coN huMdy hoey gVHI qrKwxW, GuMGrwlI, mwnUMpur qy BVI ivcoN lMGdy Awp (28 iklomItr dUr) Ajnyr pu`jy qy kwzI crwg Swh dy mihmwn bxy[ Aglw idn Awp Ajnyr ipMf ivc hI rhy qy 13 dsMbr nUM A`gy cl pey[ ies vwr vI is`Dy rsqy pYx dI bjwie ivcoN-iv`coN huMdy hoey mlkpur, l`l (hux l`l klW), ktwxI (hux ktwxI klW), rwmpur huMdy (31 iklomItr dUr) dorwhw pu`jy Aqy rwq auQy srW ivc ibqweI (ies srW dy iek isry „qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY)[ ieQoN cl ky Awp knyc qy hor ipMfW ivcoN huMdy hoey 14 dsMbr dy idn (20 iklomItr dUr) AwlmgIr pu`jy[ iek rwq ieQy rihx mgroN (20 iklomItr dUr) mohI ipMf v`l cly gey[ 15 dsMbr dI rwq mohI ivc rihx mgroN Awp 16 dsMbr nUM (13 iklomItr dUr) hyrW ipMf jw pu`jy[ ie`QoN cl ky 17 dsMbr dI rwq (12 iklomItr dUr) lMmy jtpury ibqweI ij`Qy rweypur dw nvwb rwey klHw Awp nUM imlx AwieAw[ aus ny Awpxy swQI nUrw mwhI nUM srhMd Byj ky mwqw gujrI Aqy b`icAW dI shIdI Aqy tofr m`l pRvwr v`loN aunHW dw sskwr kIqy jwx dI ^br dI qsdIk krvweI[ do rwq ieQy rihx mgroN ieQoN cl ky gurU jI 19 dsMbr dy idn (24 iklomItr dUr) q^qUpurw pu`jy[ie`Qy Awp ny Awp dy nwl Awey pMj muslmwn murIdW dw SukrIAw Adw kIqw Aqy aunHW ƒ Alivdw AwKI Aqy Awp GoVy ‟qy svwr ho ky A`gy cl pey[ iPr Awp mDyA huMdy hoey (13 iklomItr dUr) BdOV pu`jy[ 20 dsMbr dI rwq auQy ibqwaux mgroN qoN 21 dsMbr dy idn (11 iklomItr dUr) dInw ipMf ivc jw Tihry[

Agly idn dInw-kWgV ivc bYT ky 22 dsMbr 1705 dy idn AOrMgzyb dy nW iek ^q iliKAw (ijs jgh gurU jI ny ^q iliKAw sI, hux aus jgh idAwlpurw BweIkw ipMf vs cukw hY)[ gurU swihb ny ieh ^q do ipAwirAW BweI dXw isMG BweI Drm isMG ƒ dy ky AOrMgzyb q`k phuMcwaux vwsqy AOrMgwbwd v`l Byj id`qw[ ^q ilKx dw kwrn: „gurU kIAW swKIAW‟ muqwibk gurU jI nUM AnMdpur ivc 4 dsMbr dy idn AOrMgzyb dw iliKAw iek ^q imilAw sI ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik mYN kWgV ipMf ivc phuMcx vwlw hW qusIN vI AnMdpur KwlI kr ky auQy Aw jwE qy glbwq krWgy[ drAsl ieh ^q jwAlI sI Aqy ies nUM smwxy dy iek pTwx ny AOrMgzyb dy nW „qy iliKAw sI[ jd gurU jI dInw kWgV pu`jy qW AOrMgzyb auQy nhIN sI ikauN ik ^q jwAlI sI, pr gurU jI nUM Ajy vI nhIN pqw sI ik ^q jwAlI sI ies kr ky aunHW ny AOrMgzyb nUM ieh ^q iliKAw sI[

(kuJ lok z&rnwmw nW dI &wrsI kivqw nUM guru jI dw auh ^q kih dyNdy hn ijhVw aunHW ny AOrMgzyb nUM iliKAw sI[ drAsl ieh kivqw guru jI dI ilKI hoeI nhIN qy bwkI AKOqI dsmgRMQ vWg nklI hY[ jy mMn vI leIey ik ieh ^q auhI hY qW do svwl auTdy hn ik ieh ^q vwips ikvyN pu`j igAw jW guru jI ny ies dI &oto kwpI jW hQ ilKq auqwrw irkwrf vjoN r`K ilAw sI (qy h`Q ilKq r`KI sI qW aus dw Asl ik`Qy hy?)[dUjw jy ieh auhI ^q huMdw qW AOrMgzyb ies nUM pVH ky lwhor Aqy srhMd dy nvwbW nUM do ^q ilK ky gurU jI nUM ih&wzq nwl AOrMgwbwd phuMcwaux ivc mdd krn vwsqy nw ilKdw sgoN, ijvyN aus dw suBwA sI, auh sgoN gu`sy ivc AwauNdw)[

iKdrwxy dI Fwb (mukqsr) dI lVweI

25 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gurU jI dInw-kWgV qoN qlvMfI swbo v`l cl pey[ dInw-kWgV qoN cl ky (17 iklomItr dUr) Bgqw (hux Bgqw BweI kw), (ie`QoN 29 iklomItr dUr) srwvW ivc pVwA krdy hoey (eyQoN 6 iklomItr dUr) iFlvW (hux iFlvw klW) pu`jy[ ies vyly q`k Awp nwl kw&I is`K ho cu`ky sn[ ienHW ivcoN iqMn gurU swihb dy nwl cmkOr qoN Awey sn Aqy kuJ dInw vZYrw qoN rly sn[ iFlvW ivc rwq rihx mgroN Awp sunIAwr ipMf qy iPr kotkpUrw gey[ ie`Qy kpUrw isMG ny Awp nUM AwpxI BYx kol qlvMfI swbo jwx vwsqy slwh id`qI (mgroN kvI sMqoK isMG ny kpUr isMG dy i^lw& JUTIAW g`lW ilK ky aus nUM bdnwm krn dI koiSS kIqI sI)[ qlvMfI swbo jWidAW Awp 28 dsMbr dI rwq jYqo ivc ruky[

29  dsMbr  1705  dy  idn  Awp  jYqoN  rwmyAwxw  huMdy  hoey  (rwmyAwxw  qoN  27 iklomItr dUr) ipMf rupwxw dI rohI kol pu`jy qW mwJy qoN Aw irhw is`KW dw iek j`Qw Awp ƒ iml igAw[ (ies QW ‟qy A`j kl ipMf mlHx soFIAW vs cu`kw hY) ieh is`K p`tI (audoN izlHw lwhOr, hux izlHw AMimRqsr) Aqy Jbwl dy ielwky ‟coN Awey sn[

aunHIN idnIN p`tI ivc BweI dys rwj vVYc dI mOq dy sbMD ivc pwey gey Bog dy mOky ‟qy aus ielwky dy bhuq swry is`K pu`jy sn[ ies smyN iksy ny au~Qy hwzr sMgqW

• gurU swihb dy AnMdpur C`fx, mwqw jI, cOhW swihbzwidAW Aqy sYNkVy is`KW dIAW ShIdIAW bwry d`isAw[ ies vwrqw ƒ sux ky ielwky dy lokW ny A&sos zwihr kIqw ik swƒ AnMdpur swihb dy hwlwq pqw nhIN sn, vrnw AsIN au~Qy jw ky gurU jI dw swQ dyNdy[ ies smyN ieh izkr vI hoieAw ik pihlW vI mwJy dy lokW ny gurU swihb
• ip`T idKw ky ielwky dI hyTI krvweI sI jdoN AnMdpur ‟qy iblwspurI &Oj dy hmly smyN, 31 Agsq 1700 dI rwq ƒ dunI cMd msMd Awpxy nwl cwr pMj swQI lY ky AnMdpur swihb qoN B`j AwieAw sI qy mgroN aus dy poiqAW BweI AnUp isMG Aqy srUp isMG ny, aus dI buzidlI dw Doxw Dox vwsqy inrmohgVH dI lVweI ivc 8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn ShIdIAW pweIAW sn[ ielwky dy lokW ny ivcwr kIqw ik gurU swihb aus vyly (17-18 dsMbr nUM) mwlvy ivc, dInw-kWgV dy nyVy-qyVy dy ielwky ivc sn, swƒ jw ky aunHW ƒ imlxw cwhIdw hY[ auh AnMdpur swihb qoN mwlvy vl gey hn qy mwJy vl nhIN Awey[ swƒ jw ky aunHW ƒ mwJy ivc ilAwaux dI koiSS krnI cwhIdI hY[ aunHW ieh vI ivcwr kIqI ik Jbwl dy cODrI Bwg isMG iF`loN (+ mweI Bwg kOr dy v`fy Brw), jo au~Qy mwqm-pursI krn Awey hoey sn, dy lwhOr dy sUbydwr nwl vDIAw sbMD hn aunHW rwhIN gurU swihb dw idlI drbwr nwl smJOqw krvwieAw jw skdw hY[

A^Ir Awps ivc ivcwr kr ky BweI Bwg isMG Jbwl, BweI sulqwn isMG vVYc, BweI inDwn isMG vVYc (pqI mweI Bwg kOr), 37 hor isMG Aqy mweI Bwg kOr gurU swihb ƒ imlx vwsqy mwlvy vl cl pey[ ieh swry isMG gurU swihb dI Bwl ivc, p`tI qoN cl ky, mKU qy zIrw qoN huMdy hoey, dInw-kWgV jwx vwsqy mogw vl cly gey[ mogw dy nyVy aunHW ƒ pqw l`gw ik gurU swihb dInw-kWgV qoN qlvMfI swbo v`l cl c`uky hn qy aus vyly rwmyAwxw qoN rUpwxw dy rsqy ivc sn[ ies mgroN ienHW cwlI isMGW qy mweI Bwg kOr ny rUpyAwxw vl mUMh kr ilAw[ rUpwxw ipMf dI rohI ivc (ij`Qy hux ipMf mlHx soFIAW hY) gurU swihb qy ies jQy dw myl ho igAw[ gurU swihb aunHW ƒ AwauNidAW vyK ky au~Qy hI ruk gey Aqy cwdrW ivCw ky bYT gey[ Bwg isMG ny gurU jI nwl mwqw jI, cOhW swihbzwidAW Aqy swry isMGW dIAW ShIdIAW bwry rsmI „mwqm-pursI‟ kIqI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ smJwieAw ik ieh sB vwihgurU dI lIlHw hY[ mrnw jW ShId hoxw duK jW A&sos vwlI g`l nhIN huMdI[ swƒ hr hwlq ivc vwihgurU dw Sukrwnw krnw cwhIdw hY[

kuJ icr mgroN cODrI Bwg isMG JbwlIey ny gurU swihb ƒ AwiKAw ik “myrI lwhOr dy sUbydwr nwl kw&I nyVqw hY Aqy mYN sUbydwr jW iksy hor rsUK vwly drbwrI rwhIN id`lI srkwr nwl quhwfw smJOqw krvw dyNdw hW[” aus dI g`l sux ky gurU swihb ny jvwb id`qw: “qusIN hux srkwr nwl smJOqy dI g`l krdy ho! qusIN jW quhwfy vfyry audoN ik`Qy sn jdoN pMjvyN gurU ShId kIqy gey sn, jdoN CyvyN gurU nUM gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kYd riKAw sI, jdoN nOvyN gurU ƒ id`lI ivc iljw ky ShId kIqw sI[ aus vyly qW iksy is`K ny nW nhIN sI ilAw[ iPr AnMdpur swihb nUM keI mhIny Gyrw ipAw irhw qW vI qusIN nhIN Awey[ qusIN hux kI lYx Awey ho? quhwƒ AijhIAW g`lW krn ligAW sMg nhIN AwauNdI?” gurU swihb dw jvwb sux ky Bwg isMG AwKx l`gw: jy qusIN ieM\ hI rihxw hY qW quhwfI-swfI inB nhIN skdI[ swQoN ieho ijhI is`KI nhIN inBxI[ iPr AsIN vwips cly jWdy hW[ gurU jI Bwg isMG dy bol sux ky AwiKAw: AsIN quhwƒ mdd vwsqy qW nhIN bulwieAw[ qusIN Awpy hI Awey ho[ pr, jy quhwfy qoN is`KI nhIN inB skdI qW TIk hY! lE, kwZz qy ilK idE ik swfw ielwkw A`j qoN gurU dw is`K nhIN irhw[ gurU swihb dy bol sux ky BweI mwn isMG inSwncI ny kwZz, klm qy dvwq k`F ky Bwg isMG dy A`gy r`K id`qI[ ieh dyK ky, joS qy aubwl ivc Awey, cODrI Bwg isMG ny kwZz ‟qy bydwvw ilK id`qw qy hyTW Awpxy dsq^q kr id`qy[ ies mgroN idlbwg isMG, Grbwrw isMG, gMfw isMG ny vI dsq^q kr id`qy pr bwkI isMGW ny dsq^q nhIN kIqy[

Ajy ieh g`lW cl hI rhIAW sn ik iek sUhIey is`K ny ^br ilAw id`qI ik srhMd dI &Oj ies ielwky dy nyVy hI Aw pu`jI hY[ ies ‟qy gurU swihb ny isMGW ƒ GoiVAW ‟qy svwr ho ky A`gy kUc krn dw hukm id`qw[ gurU swihb ny JbwlIAW dw bydwvw jybH ivc pwieAw Aqy swQI isMGW ƒ nwl lY ky auQoN cly gey[

gurU swihb dy jwx mgroN mweI Bwg kOr, jo Bwg isMG qy idlbwg isMG dI v`fI BYx sI Aqy inDwn isMG vVYc dI Gr vwlI sI, ny ienHW cwlI isMGW v`l mUMh kr ky AwiKAw: “Ajy qW dunI cMd DwlIvwl Aqy aus dy swQI cwr-pMj mJYl isMGW v`loN AnMdgVH iklHy ‟coN r`sw bMnH ky B`jx dw klMk swfy m`Qy qoN nhIN l`Qw[ A`j AsIN gu`sy ivc Aw ky gurU swihb ƒ bydwvw ilK id`qw hY[ hux AsIN ikhVw mUMh lY ky vwips vqnW ƒ jwvWgy[ quhwƒ Gr igAW ƒ Gr-vwlIAW kI AwKxgIAW ik siqgurW dy ikho ijhy drSn kr ky Awey ho? lok lwAnqW pwauxgy[ ikhVw mUMh lY ky bwhr iProgy? au~To Syro! hMBlw mwro! gurU jI b^iSMd hn[ auh zrUr muAw& kr dyxgy[ clo clIey[” ieh AwK ky mweI Bwg kOr ny p`lU PyirAw[ mweI dy bolW ny aus dy in`ky vIr Bwg isMG ƒ vI tuMb hI ilAw Aqy aus ny vI bwkIAW ƒ gurU jI dy ip`Cy jwx vwsqy AwiKAw[ swry is`K jYkwrw C`f ky ausy pwsy vl cl pey ijDr gurU swihb gey sn[

mweI Bwg kOr Aqy cwlHI isMG cldy-cldy (rUpwnw qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) iKdrwxy dI Fwb dy kMFy ‟qy pwxI pIx vwsqy ruky[ ies vyly gurU swihb Fwb lMG ky nyVy dI iek it`bI kol pu`j cuky sn[ (ieh auhI QW hY ij~Qy gurduAwrw it`bI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY)[ Fwb vwlI QW ‟qy gurduAwrw drbwr swihb, qMbU swihb Aqy AMgITw swihb bxy hoey hn)[

kuJ hI icr mgroN srhMd dI &Oj vI au~Qy Aw pu`jI[ ieh vI crcw sI ik srhMd dw sUbydwr vzIr Kwn ^ud Awp &Oj dI AgvweI kr irhw sI[ cwlHI is`KW nUM vyK ky muZl &Oj ny smiJAw ik gurU goibMd isMG swihb vI ienHW ivc Swiml hn, ies kr ky aunHW ny aunHW ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[[ vyKidAW-vyKidAW hI dohW pwisAW qoN golIAW Aqy qIrW dw mINh pYxw SurU ho igAw[ pOxy GMty (2 GVIAW) mgroN jdoN is`KW kol qIr qy golIAW muk geIAW qW aunHW ny ikrpwnW DUh leIAW Aqy duSmx dI &Oj ‟qy tu`t pey[ dohIN qr&IN lohy nwl lohw KVikAw[ cwlHI is`KW Aqy mweI Bwgo ny srhMdI &Oj dI AijhI v`F-t`uk kIqI ik aunHW ƒ AlHw cyqy krvw id`qw[ ieh lVweI kw&I dyr q`k cldI rhI[ dohW iDrW ny koeI ksr nw C`fI[ A^Ir sYNkVy muZl ispwhIAW ƒ mwrn mgroN sYNqI isMG ShId ho gey Aqy bwkI dy iqMn isMG qy mweI Bwg kOr burI qrHW z^mI ho gey[ ieh cwry vI z^mI hox mgroN bysurq ijhy ho ky if`g cuky sn[

jdoN vzIr Kwn ny vyiKAw ik swry is`K ^qm ho cuky hn qy koeI lVn vwlw nhIN irhw qW aus ny &Oj ƒ ip`Cy htx dw hukm dy id`qw[ aus ƒ ieh vI d`isAw jw cu`kw sI ik aus ƒ ies qoN A`gy ikqy pwxI nhIN iml skxw Aqy &Oj ipAws nwl mr jwvygI[ nwl hI hux, aus dy i^Awl ivc, swry is`K „^qm‟ ho cu`ky sn ies kr ky aus ny &OjW ip`Cy moV leIAW[ Swm pYx qoN pihlW-pihlW srhMdI &OjW au~QoN kw&I dUr inkl cu`kIAW sn[

QoVHI dyr mgroN gurU swihb it`bI qoN cl ky iKdrwxy dI Fwb (ijs ƒ aunHW eISrsr dw nW id`qw) dy kMFy ‟qy Awey[ aus vyly qk 37 isMG ShId ho cu`ky sn Aqy isr& BweI rwey isMG mulqwnI (Brw BweI mnI isMG), aus dw pu`qr BweI mhW isMG, BweI suMdr isMG bRwhmx (vwsI ipMf J`lIAW vwlw) Aqy mweI Bwg kOr issk rhy sn[ gurU swihb, BweI mwn isMG inSwncI ƒ ShId hoey 37 isMGW dIAW lwSW iek`TIAW krn dI syvw b^SI Aqy Awp sihk rhy is`KW kol bYT gey[ gurU swihb ny ienHW iqMnW Aqy mweI Bwg kOr dy mUMh ivc pwxI pwieAw pr ienHW dy z^m bVy fUMGy sn[ ienHW dy bcx dI koeI Aws nhIN sI[ mweI Bwg kOr ƒ K`by p`t ivc golI l`gI hoeI sI pr bwkI iqMny bVy inFwl ho cu`ky sn[ gurU swihb ny ShId hoey swry is`KW ƒ “ds hzwrI”, “vIh hzwrI”, pMjwh hzwrI” AwK ky “mnsb” (snmwn)

id`qy[
ies	mgroN gurU swihb ny sihk rhy iqMnW isMGW ƒ pu`iCAw ik quhwƒ kI cwhIdw
hY Awpxy	mUMhoN mMg lE[ ies ‟qy BweI rwey isMG boilAw “gurU jI jy Awp qru`Ty hI

ho qW qusIN BweI Bwg isMG dw iliKAw is`KI qoN pMcwieqI bydwvw PwV ky swƒ is`KI dwn b^S idE[” ieh sux ky gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny “Dµn is`KI! DMn is`KI!! DMn is`KI!!!” AwiKAw Aqy AwpxI jyb ivcoN bydwvy vwlw kwZz k`F ky PwV id`qw[ kuJ lyKkW ny ieh bol rwey isMG dy pu`qr mhW isMG qoN AKvwey hn[ drAsl mhW isMG ny sB qoN A^Ir ‟qy suAws C`fy sI ies kr ky ho skdw hY ik ienHW lyKkW ny ieh bol aus dy mUMh ivc pw id`qy hox[ ieh ZlqI sMqoK isMG ny “gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ” ivc kIqI sI qy bwkIAW ny qW aus dI nkl kr ky hI ilK id`qw sI[ pr ies nwl koeI &rk nhIN pYNdw ik bydwvw iks ny PVvwieAw sI[ ieh cwlHI dy

cwlHI isMG hI, AwpxIAW ShIdIAW nwl hI bydwvw PwV gey sn[

gurU swihb ny ieMnW isMGW dI mrhm-p`tI krn dI koiSS kIqI pr koeI &rk nw ipAw[ gurU jI swrI rwq ienHW nwl g`lW krdy rhy[ A`DI rwq vyly BweI suMdr isMG J`lIAW vwlw swh C`f igAw[ ies mgroN BweI rwey isMG qy kuJ icr mgroN cwlHIvW isMG BweI mhW isMG vI vwihgurU dy kdmW ivc jw pu`jw[

AglI svyr, mwG dI pihlI ƒ, 30 dsMbr 1705 dy idn, gurU swihb ny ienHW cwlHI isMGW vwsqy Awsw dI vwr dw pwT kr ky Bog pwieAw[ kuJ icr mgroN BweI dwn isMG iKdrwxw ipMf ivcoN iqRhwvl (iGE, mYdw, KMf) lY AwieAw[ gurU swihb ny Awp pwT kr ky dyZ iqAwr krvweI[ ShId isMGW dIAW dyhW ƒ lkVIAW dy Fyr ‟qy iek`iTAW hI r`K id`qw igAw[ gurU swihb ny Awp soihlw dw pwT kIqw qy iPr Awpxy h`QIN hI ienHW dI icKw ƒ A`g lweI[ sskwr mgroN gurU swihb ny hwizr isMGW ƒ mu^wiqb huMidAW AwiKAw ik ienHW cwlHI isMGW ny Drm hyq sIs id`qy hn[ ienHW ƒ vI „cwlHI mukqy‟ AwK ky cyqy kIqw jwieAw krygw[

gurU swihb 30 Aqy 31 dsMbr dw idn au~Qy hI rhy Aqy jdoN icKw pUrI qrHW sV geI qW gurU swihb ny AMgITy qy im`tI puAw id`qI ikauN ik nyVy koeI dirAw jW ndI nhIN sI qy AsQIAW jl pRvwh nhIN sn ho skdIAW[ 31 dsMbr dI rwq ƒ iKdrwxy dy vwsI gurU swihb ƒ ipMf lY gey Aqy syvw kIqI[ rwq gurU swihb iKdrwxy rhy Aqy pihlI jnvrI 1706 ƒ iKdrwxy qoN qlvMfI swbo vl cl pey[

ies qoN kuJ swl mgroN ipMf hrIky klW dy BweI lMgr isMG ny ies QW ‟qy ShIdW dI Xwd ivc QVHw bxwieAw qy ShId gMj prgt kIqw[ aus idn (29 dsMbr 1725) qoN mukqsr ivc ShIdW dy pirvwr Aqy hor isMG Ardws krn vwsqy pu`jx lg pey[ hOlI-hOlI ies QW ‟qy v`fw mylw l`gx l`g ipAw[

ieh ShIdIAW 29 dsMbr 1705 dIAW hn pr igAwnI igAwn isMG ny “A`gy pwxI nw iml skx” dw BulyKw Kw ky ies Gtnw ƒ grmIAW ivc lY AWdw qy iek Zlq qwrI^ ilK id`qI, ijs nwl kuJ Boly lokW ny BulyKw Kw ky ies idn vI dUjw ShIdI joV mylw lwauxw SurU kr id`qw[

ies sbMD ivc dUjw BulyKw bydwvw pVvwaux vwly S^s bwry hY[ B`t vhIAW muqwibk ieh bydwvw pwVn vwsqy BweI rwey isMG ny Arz kIqI sI pr iek-A`D lyKk ny bydwvw pVvwaux dw ishrw Aw^rI swh lYx vwly (rwey isMG dy pu`qr) BweI mhW isMG ƒ dy id`qw[ ies lVweI dy ^qm hox mgroN BweI sIql isMG, rwey isMG qy mhW isMG hI issk rhy sn qy bwkI ShId ho cu`ky sn[ rwey isMG ny bydwvw pVvwieAw sI, sIql isMG ny iqMnW ‟coN sB qoN pihlW swh C`fy sn Aqy BweI mhW isMG ny sB qoN A^Ir ‟qy[

ies sbMDI qIjw BulyKw bydwvw ilKx dI QW dw hY[ iksy lyKk ny ieh bydwvw AnMdpur swihb ivc iliKAw AwiKAw sI[ (bwkIAW ny m`KI qy m`KI mwr id`qI)[ AnMdpur swihb dy bydwvw ilKx dI g`l bydlIlI hY[ svwl hY ik jy AnMdpur swihb ƒ Gyrw ipAw hoieAw sI qW ieh 40 is`K bydwvw ilK ky au~QoN bc ky inkl ikvyN Awey? kI auh phwVI jW muZl &OjW nwl smJOqw kr ky jW irSvq dy ky Awey sn jW kys ktvw ky, mony bx ky, inkly sn? iPr gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb qoN clx l`igAW ^ws kr ky ieh “bydwvw” hI AwpxI jybH ivc pwieAw hoieAw sI?

gurU swihb nUM ieh kwZz ^ws qOr ‟qy sMBwlx dI ikhVI ^ws loV sI? ies kr ky ieh g`l shI nhIN hY[ hW, rUpyAwxw dI jUh (mlHx soFIAW) ivc bydwvw ilKx dI g`l shI hY ikauNik aus qoN kuJ GMty mgroN hI auh bydwvw pwV id`qw igAw sI[ eynw icr gurU swihb kol kwZz rih skxw mumikn jwpdw hY[

mukqsr ivc ShId hox vwly 40 mukiqAW dy nW vI v`K-v`K lyKkW ny v`K-v`K hI id`qy hn[ ho skdw hY ik ieh nW suxy-suxwey soimAW qoN ley gey hox[ pr, B`t vhIAW Aqy kursI-nwimAW qoN kuJ nW shI qOr ‟qy iml jWdy hn[ ieh nW hyT ilKy hn:

1. BweI rwey isMG mulqwnI (ipMf mrl-mwVI)
2. BweI mhW isMG (pu`qr BweI rwey isMG)
   BweI sIql isMG (pu`qr BweI rwey isMG)

3. BweI suMdr isMG bRwhmx (ipMf J`lIAW vwlw)

5. BweI bUV isMG (ipqw BweI suMdr isMG)

6. BweI Bwg isMG iF`loN (Jbwl vwsI)

7. BweI idlbwg isMG iF`loN (Brw BweI Bwg isMG)

8. BweI Grbwrw isMG iF`loN (Jbwl) Swied Bwg isMG dw Brw sI

9. BweI gMfw isMG iF`loN (Jbwl) Swied Bwg isMG dw Brw sI
10. BweI sulqwn isMG vVYc (pu`qr BweI dys rwj vVYc)

11. BweI inDwn isMG vVYc (pqI Bwg kOr qy pu`qr BweI dys rwj vVYc)

12. BweI KuShwl isMG B`lw (gurU Amr dws swihb qoN ATvIN pIVHI)

13. BweI drbwrI isMG (pu`qr BweI KuShwl isMG B`lw)
14. BweI GrbwrI isMG (pu`qr BweI KuShwl isMG B`lw)

ieh 14 nW auh hn ijnHW bwry koeI BulyKw nhIN hY pr sMqoK isMG (gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ), ivswKw isMG (mwlvw ieiqhws) Aqy iek A`D hor lyKk ny jo 40-40 nW id`qy hn aus sUcI ivc ienHW ivcoN keI nW nhIN imldy[ ies dw mqlb sw& hY ik sMqoK isMG, ivswKw isMG jW aunHW dy ADwr ‟qy 40 mukiqAW dy nWvW ivcoN kuJ nW XkInn Zlq hn[ aunHW ivcoN ikhVy nW Zlq hn, ies bwry, Ajy, dwAvy nwl kuJ nhIN ikhw jw skdw[ ho skdw hY ik B`t vhIAW Aqy kursInwimAW ivcoN ikDroN Swied bwkI nWvW dw vI inbyVw ho sky[ hwl dI GVI iehI AiKAw jw skdw hY ik ienHW 14 Aqy 26 hor isMGW ny iKdrwxy dI Fwb ‟qy ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[

qlvMfI swbo pu`jxw

ies mgroN gurU swihb brkMdI, BUMdV, j`sI, p`kw klW vZYrw qoN huMdy hoey 16 jnvrI 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo pu`jy[ gurU swihb dy Awaux dI ^br ipMf qlvMfI dy mwilk BweI f`lw nUM pihloN hI iml cukI sI[ auh cwr sO bMidAW nUM lY ky gurU jI nUM jI AwieAw kihx vwsqy (qlvMfI swbo qoN 24 iklomItr pihlW) ipMf p`kw klW AwieAw[ BweI f`lw ny gurU swihb dI qih idloN syvw kIqI[ (mgroN kvI sMqoK isMG ny BweI f`lw dy i^lw& JUTIAW khwxIAW bxw ky aus nUM AwkVKor, frU qy PVHW mwrn vwlw swibq krn dI koiSS kr ky aus nwl izAwdqI kIqI)[

jdoN sMgqW ƒ Awp dy qlvMfI swbo pu`jx dw pqw l`gw qW v`fI igxqI ivc auh qlvMfI swbo pu`jx l`g pey[ ieQy hI 29 mwrc 1706 dy idn Awp ny iek v`fw iek`T kIqw ijs ivc sYNkVy is`KW ny KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI[ ienHW ivc pitAwlw, nwBw Aqy jINd irAwsqW dy moFI vI Swiml sn[ iesy hI mOky ipRQI cMd mIxw dy iek vwirs ABY cMd ny vI KMfy dI pwhul leI qy ABY isMG bx igAw[ gurU jI qlvMfI swbo ivc nON mhIny qoN vD smW rhy[

qlvMfI swbo rihMidAW gurU goibMd isMG swihb (30 iklomItr dUr) biTMfy dy iklHy ivc vI Awey[ B`tI hwkmW dw bxwieAw ieh iklHw sYNkVy swl purwxw sI[ iesy iklHy ivc hI kdy Zulwm bMs dI milkw rzIAw sulqwnw kYd rhI sI[ gurU swihb qoN mgroN ies iklHy ‟qy pitAwlw irAwsq dw kbzw ho igAw qy aunHW gurU swihb dy Awaux dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bxw idqw jo A`j vI kwiem hY[

gurU swihb dw d`Kx jwxw

auDr BweI dieAw isMG Aqy BweI Drm isMG, gurU swihb dw AOrMgzyb nUM iliKAw ^q, ivc bVI muSikl nwl AkqUbr 1706 hI (ilKy jwx qoN 10 mhIny bwAd) AorMgzyb nUM phuMcw sky sn[ ies nUM pVH ky aus ny gurU swihb nUM imlx vwsqy bulwieAw qy ies sbMDI lwhOr dy sUbydwr munwiem ^wn Aqy srhMd (audoN sIhrMd) dy sUbydwr vzIr ^wn nUM vI ^q ilKy[ dUjy pwsy jd keI mhIny qk gurU swihb nUM ies bwry koeI ^br nw iml skI qW auh ^ud ienHW dohW isMGW dI Bwl ivc 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn d`Kx vl cl pey[ gurU jI (62 iklomItr dUr) isrsw, (55 iklomItr dUr) nOhr, (48 iklomItr dUr) Bwdrw, (43 iklomItr dUr) swhwvw, (262 iklomItr dUr) kolwieq, (357 iklomItr dUr) nwrwiexw, (160 iklomItr dUr) puSkr (Ajmyr qoN 15 iklomItr dUr) huMdy hoey, brwsqw ibAwvr (puSkr qoN 307 iklomItr dUr) bGor (ic`qOV qoN 86 iklomItr pihlW) pu`jy[

ie`Qy BweI dieAw isMG Aqy BweI Drm isMG gurU jI nUM Aw imly Aqy disAw ik aunHW ny ikMnI muSikl nwl AOrMgzyb nUM z&rnwmw phuMcwieAw sI[ aunHW gurU swihb nUM d`isAw ik AOrMgzyb ny auh ic`TI pVH ky quhwfy (gurU jI) nwl mulwkwq dI ^wihS dw iezhwr kIqw sI Aqy Awpxy do AihdIey (sInIAr A&sr) qy gurjbrdwr id`lI nUM Byjy sn qW jo id`lI dw sUbydwr quhwfy AOrMgwbwd pu`jx dw ieMqzwm kr dyvy[ gurU jI ny aunHW dI g`l sux ky ikhw ik hux AOrMgzyb nwl Swied myrw myl nhIN ho skxw[ aus dy swh hux pUry hox vwly hn[ ies dy bwvjUd gurU swihb A`gy v`l cl pey[ 20 &rvrI 1707 dy idn AOrMgzyb dI mOq ho geI[ 19 mwrc 1707 dy idn jd gurU jI kolwieq pu`jy qW aunHW nUM aus dI mOq dI ^br imlI[ ies mgroN gurU swihb (534 iklomItr dUr) Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) Aw gey[

AOrMgzyb dI mOq ip`CoN aus dy pu`qrW ivc bwdSwh bxn vwsqy jMg SurU ho geI[

ienHW iv`coN muA`zm (mgroN bhwdr Swh) sB qoN v`fw	sI[ auh aus vyly jmrOd ivc
sI qy aus dw dUjw Brw qwrw Awzm d`Kx ivc sI[	ies g`dI dI sB qoN Aihm

lVweI (jjwaU dI lVweI) qoN pihlW bhwdr Swh dw rwbqw gurU jI (bhwdr Swh gurU swihb nUM pihlW vI AnMdpur swihb ivc iml cukw sIN) nwl bx igAw qy gurU swihb ny q^q hwisl krn ivc aus dI ie^lwkI mdd vI kIqI sI[ jzwaU (id`lI qoN 250 qy Awgrw qoN 28 iklomItr dUr) dI lVweI (8 jUn 1707) ivc bhwdr Swh nUM v`fI ij`q hwisl hoeI[ bhwdr Swh ny 23 julweI 1707 dy idn gurU swihb nUM drbwr ivc bulw ky aunHW nUM iK`lq (ijs dI kImq audoN s`T hzwr rupY sI) vI Byt kIqI[ ies mulwkwq ivc bhwdr Swh ny vwAdw kIqw ik auh gurU swihb dw pirvwr ShId krn vwilAW Aqy AnMdpur swihb ‟qy hmlw krn vwilAW nUM szw dyvygw[

pr ies dOrwn bhwdr Swh nUM Ajmyr qy jYpur dy rwjpUqW dI bZwvq nUM dbwaux vwsqy rwjpUqwny v`l jwxw pY igAw[ aus ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb nUM vI ieh AwK ky nwl lY ilAw ik auh rsqy ivc bwkI swrw kuJ ivcwr lYxgy[ bhwdr Swh Ajy rwjpUqW nwl isMJ hI irhw sI ik aus nUM Awpxy qIjy Brw kwm b^S dI bZwvq dI ^br imlI[ auh ies nvIN bZwvq nUM dbwaux vwsqy d`Kx vl cl ipAw[ gurU jI vI aus dy nwl hI cldy gey[

auh pihlW (id`lI qoN 233 iklomItr dUr) Awgrw pu`jy, qy Awgrw qoN (22 iklomItr dUr) ieqmwdpur je ruky (ie`Qy pwilq zorwvr isMG aunHW nUM Awx imilAw)[ iPr (77 iklomItr dUr) Brqpur, (142 iklomItr dUr) dwEsw, (70 iklomItr dUr) jYpur, (15 iklomItr dUr) AMbyr, (40 iklomItr dUr) dwhmI, (80 iklomItr dUr) mdngMj, (27 iklomItr dUr) Ajmyr, (15 iklomItr dUr) puSkr, (20 iklomItr dUr) nsIrwbwd, (134 iklomItr dUr) BIlvwVw, (60 iklomItr dUr) icqOVgVH, (115 iklomItr dUr) pVwA krdy-krdy (110 iklomItr dUr) mMdsOr pu`jy[ ie`QoN brwsqw aujYn qy KWfvw (380 iklomItr dUr) burhwnpur pu`jy[ nrmdw ivc Awey hVH kwrn aunHW nUM do h&qy ie`Qy rukxw ipAw[ iPr (123 iklomItr dUr) bwlwpur, (35 iklomItr dUr) pwqur, (52 iklomItr dUr) vwiSm, (67 iklomItr dUr) ihMgolI, (80 iklomItr dUr) s&r krdyy hoey nMdyV pu`jy[

vzIr ^wn dy eylcI dw bhwdr Swh nwl myl hoxw

auDr gurU swihb Aqy bhwdr Swh dI nyVqw dw srhMd dy sUbydwr vzIr ^wn nUM vI pqw lg igAw sI[ aus ny coKI rkm (10 l`K tkw) dy ky Awpxy numwieMdy qy sUhIey (pTwx ispwhI) d`Kx vl qor idqy sn[ ienHW dw myl bwdSwh nwl burhwnpur ivc jW ies qoN kuJ icr mgroN hI hoieAw hovygw ikauN ik nrmdw dirAw ivc hVH Awey hox kwrn, bhwdr Swh meI 1708 dy pihly do h&qy burhwnpur ruikAw irhw sI[ vzIr ^wn dy eylcIAW qoN imlI rkm kwrn hux bhwdr Swh dI nIAq bdl geI; Aqy, ies qoN bwAd bhwdr Swh ny gurU swihb qoN dUr rihxw SurU kr id`qw[ drAsl hux auh vzIr ^wn dI ByjI rkm kwrn aus dy i^lw& AYkSn nhIN sI lYxw cwhuMdw[

nMdyV rukxw

gurU swihb qy bhwdr Swh 16-17 meI 1708 nUM burhwnpur qoN c`ly sn[ gurU jI Aqy bhwdr Swh ivc Aw^rI mulwkwq qwpqI dirAw pwr krn (25 jUn 1708) qoN kuJ idn mgroN bwlwpur ivc, Agsq 1708 ivc, hoeI sI[ ies mulwkwq ivc gurU swihb ny jwx ilAw ik bhwdr Swh Awpxy kOlW qoN mukr igAw hY[ ies kr ky gurU swihb ny bwdSwh dw swQ C`f idqw[ bhwdr Swh 24 Agsq 1708 nUM dirAw bwx gMgw (godwvrI dI shwiek ndI) pwr kr ky A`gy inkl igAw Aqy gurU swihb nMdyV ivc ruk gey[ gurU swihb ny &Yslw kIqw ik bwdSwh qoN Aws C`f ky Awp iensw& kwiem kIqw jwvy[

mwDo dws bYrwgI (bMdw isMG) nwl myl

gurU jI nUM pqw sI ik mwDo dws bYrwgI ny nMdyV ivc fyrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY[ aunHW ny aus dw pqw kr ilAw[ myl 3 sqMbr 1708 dy idn aunHW dw myl mwDo dws bYrwgI (mgroN bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr) nwl ho igAw[ pMjwb dI hwlq sux ky Aqy

muZl hwkmW dIAW krqUqW jwx ky bMdw isMG ny gurU jI qoN pMjwb jw	ky duStW nUM
soDx dI iejwzq mMgI[
gurU jI ny bMdw isMG nUM 4 sqMbr 1708 dy idn KMfy dI pwhul id`qI[	gurU swihb

ny pUrw iek mhInw bMdw isMG ƒ pUrI isKlweI id`qI[ AkqUbr cVHidAW hI gurU sihb ny bMdw isMG nUM is`KW vwsqy hukmnwmy id`qy ijs ivc aunHW ny is`KW nUM aus dw swQ dyx vwsqy iliKAw hoieAw sI[ ieM\ lgdw hY ik gurU swihb bwbw bMdw isMG nUM Byj ky, aunHW ieh vI ikhw sI ik auh Awp vI CyqI pMjwb prq Awauxgy[

gurU swihb ‘qy hmlw Aqy ShIdI

pMj AkqUbr 1708 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG nMdyV qoN cilAw Aqy iesy idn Swm nUM jmSYd ^wn pTwx ny gurU swihb dy s`uiqAW aunHW ‟qy hmlw kr idqw qy jmDwr (ktwr) dy iqMn vwr kr ky burI qrHW z^mI kr idqw[ byh`d z^mI hox dy bwvjUd gurU swihb ny prqvW vwr kr ky jmSYd ^wn nUM QWeyN mwr idqw[ gurU swihb Awp vI ienHW z^mW dI qwb nw Jldy hoey 7 sqMbr nUM qVky vyly Akwl purK dI god ivc smw gey[ aunHW dw sskwr iesy Swm nUM godwvrI dirAw dy kMFy kr idqw igAw[

Aijhw jwpdw hY ik jmSYd ^wn nUM BwvyN srhMd dy vzIr ^wn ny ByijAw sI pr aus nUM bwdSwh dI ihmwieq jW mnzUrI zrUr hwisl sI ikauN ik bhwdr Swh ny ies jmsYd ^wn dy puqr nUM “aus dy bwp dy gurU goibMd isMG dy h`QoN mwry jwx kwrn” 30 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn Awpxy drbwr ivc iK`lq ByNt kIqI sI[ ies bwry iek AYNtrI „A^bwrwq-ie-drbwr-ie-muA`lw‟ ivc imldI hY[

gurU swihb dy cVHweI krn dw izkr vI iesy irkwrf ivc mOjUd hY[ ies qoN ielwvw iehI izkr iek is`K lyKk sYnwpqI dI „gursoBw‟ (1709), bhwdr Swh dy iqMn smkwlI muslmwn lyKkW dIAW ikqwbW imrzw muhMmd dI „iebrqnwmw‟ (1716), muhMmd kwism dI „iebrqnwmw‟ (1723), muhMmd S&I dI „mIrwq-ie-vwirdwq‟ (1734) Aqy iek ihMdU lyKk cqurmwn sksynw dI „chwr gulSn‟ ivc vI imldw hY [ ienHW swrIAW ivc gurU swihb dI „mOq‟ CuirAW dy vwr nwl hox dw izkr hY Aqy bwdSwh dy Byjy AMgryz ijrwh (vYd/fwktr) vloN z^m sIx Aqy mgroN kmwn iK`cx nwl „mOq‟ dw zrw mwsw izkr vI nhIN[ drAsl bwdSwh aus vyly keI mIl dUr inkl cukw sI ies kr ky aus v`loN hkIm/ijrwh Byjx vwlI g`l isr& qy isr& nwmumikn hI sI[ dUjw, auh hmly dI swijS ivc ^ud vI Swiml sI[

Aijhw jwpdw hY ik gurU swihb dy z^mI hox, z^m sIx Aqy iPr kmwn iK`cx dI “Gtnw/hwdsy ivc mOq hox” jW “kmwx iK`c ky Awp mnzUr kIqI mOq” dw prcwr vzIr ^wn jW/Aqy bhwdr Swh ny krvwieAw hovygw qW jo auh ^ud nUM gurU swihb ‘qy krvwey hmly coN sur^rU kr skx[ gurU sihb dI „Shwdq‟ nUM ieM\ idKwauxw vzIr ^wn Aqy bhwdr Swh dy jwl ivc Ps ky qvwrI^ ivgwVnw hY [ kuJ is`K lyKkW ny ies prwpygMfy dI swizS dI qih qk jwx dI bjwie ies nUM qvwrI^ bxw ky Aihmkqw dw iezhwr kIqw ijs nUM kuJ Agly bckwny lyKkW ny lokW dy kMnW ivc cwVH idqw[ kuJ is`K ilKwrI vI Swied ieh vI nhIN sn cwhuMdy ik gurU swihb nUM muslmwnI hmly ivc ShId hoieAw idKwieAw jwvy, so aunHW nUM kmwx iK`cx nwl mOq swibq krn ivc Swied vDyry „SrDw‟ jwpI hovy[ eynw hI nhIN iek A`D lyKk ny qW ieh vI ilK mwirAw ik gurU swihb nUM iek pTwx ny GoiVAW dI kImq dy lYx-dyx dy JgVy ivc kql kr idqw sI[ iek-do lyKkW ny ieh byQHvI vI mwrI ik gurU swihb ny hmlwvr pTwx nUM aunHW (gurU swihb) qoN bdlw lYx vwsqy Awp BVkwieAw sI[ pr, ienHW byQvHIAW dy bwvjUd, ieh lyKk vI z^m sIx qy mgroN kmwx iKcx nwl mOq dI QW, jmSYd ^wn dy Cury dy z^mW nwl mOq hox dw izkr krdy hn[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gurU gRMQ swihb nUM gurUqw dyxw

Cy AkqUbr 1708 dy idn joqI-joiq smwaux qoN pihlW gurU goibMd isMG swihb nyy gurU gRMQ swihb nUM gurUg`dI sONp id`qI[ aunHW ny ikhw ik hux qoN is`K ienswnI gurU dI QW ’qy isr& Sbd-gurU qoN AgvweI ilAw krngy[ kOm dy isAwsI, smwijk qy BweIcwrk msilAW vwsqy auh ‘gurU pMQ’ vjoN gurU dI miq (isiKAw) muqwibk ivcwr kr ky &Ysly ilAw krngy[ gurU swihb ny ikhw:

Akwl purK ky bcn isauN, prgt clwXo pMQ
sB is`Kx ko bcn hY, gurU mwinE gRMQ[
gurU Kwlsw mwnIAY pRgt gurU kI dyh[
jo is`K mo imlbo chih Koj ienhu mih lyh[
mgroN inrmly pujwrIAW ny hyT iliKAw pRclq kr id`qw:
AwigAw BeI Akwl kI qbY clwieE pMQ[
sB is`Kx ko hukm hY gurU mwinE gRMQ[
gurU gRMQ jI mwinE pRgt gurW kI dyh[
jo pRB ko imlbo chY Koj Sbd myN lyh[

gurU swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhI qlwauNfw, prgnw jINd ivc ieM\ imldw hY:
gurU goibMd isMG jI mhl dsmW bytw gurU qyg bhwdr jI kw, mukwm ndyV qt gudwvrI dys dKx, sqrW sY pYNsT kwrqk mwsy sudI cauQ Suklw p`Ky buDvwr ky idhuM BweI dYAw isMG sy bcn hUAw gRMQ swihb ly AwE[ bcn pwie dYAw isMG gRMQ swihb ly Awey[ gurU jI ny srbq sMgq sy khw myrw hukm hY myrI jgh gRMQ jI ko jwxnw[ jo isK jwnygw iqs kI Gwl QWie peygI, gurU iqs kI bhuVI krygw, siq kir mwnnw[

gurU goibMd isMG swihb ies dunIAW ivc 46 swl 9 mhIny qy 18 idn rhy (mYN gurU swihb dw jnm 1661 dw mMndw hW 1666 dw nhIN)[ ieh swrw smW gurU jI vwsqy j`dojihd dw sI[ Swied koeI mhInw hI Aijhw hovy jd gurU jI nUM iksy Aihm msly nwl do-cwr nw hoxw ipAw hoovy[

gurU swihb dI izMdgI dI qvwrI^ pVH ky AcMBw huMdw hY ik kI s`cmuc AijhI S^sIAq ies DrqI ’qy ivcrdI rhI sI[ cOdW swl dI aumr ivc gurg`dI sMBwlx dy idn qoN AwpxI ShIdI qk, 33 swl lgwqwr, auh iek iksm dy mYdwny jMg ivc rhy sn[

1678 ivc (qy mgroN 1706 ivc) aunHW ny gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp mukMml krvwieAw[ aunHW 52 kvIAW qy hor mhwn &nkwrW nUM srprsqI id`qI[ aunHW do ngr (pwauNtw swihb qy AnMdpur swihb) vswey[ aunHW ny phwVI rwijAW nUM jrvwixAW qoN keI vwr bcwieAw[ aunHW ny Aihswn-&rwmoS phwVI rwijAW qy muZl &OjW dy hmilAW dw keI vwr mUMh qoiVAw[ 1688 qoN 1708 qk aunHW ny

qkrIbn 20 vwr, ‘Awdm-boA’ krdIAW zwlm &OjW dw twkrw kIqw[ do v`fy muZl bwdSwhW (AOrMgzyb qy bhwdr Swh), srhMd dy dihSqgrd sUbydwr vzIr ^wn, mlyrkotlw qy ropV dIAW dIAW &OjW, keI iklHydwrW, &OjdwrW, iblwspur, hMfUr (nwlwgVH), gVHvwl Aqy keI hor ihMdU irAwsqW dy hwkmW qy rjvwiVAW dy hmilAW dw mUMh moiVAw[

gurU swihb ny pUrb ivc ptnw qoN lY ky bwbw bkwlw qk, mwlvw, bWgr dys, mwJw, dUn, doAwbw Aqy hor ielwikAW ivc Drm prcwr kIqw[ A^Ir ivc Awp ny qlvMfI swbo qoN bGOr qy iPr id`lI qoN nMdyV qk dw s&r kIqw qy ies dOrwn Drm prcwr vI kIqw[ gurU jI dI izMdZI dw iek-iek pl, iek-iek lmhw, j`dojihd, s&r, pRcwr jW iksy hor AYkSn ivc ru`iJAw irhw[ ShIdI qoN ShIdIAW qk dy s&r ivc ipqw, mwqw, cwr pu`qr qy ^ud qoN ielwvw hzwrW nwdI pu`qrW (is`KW) dIAW ShIdIAW dy lhU nwl kOm dy mihl dI icxweI kIqI[ Aijhy mhwn S^s dw mukwblw G`to-Gt koeI ienswn qW nhIN kr skdw (qy AKOqI dyviqAW dw vjUd mYN mMndw nhIN)[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

dsm gRMQ dI khwxI dsm gRMQ qy gurUU gRMQ swihb

gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux qoN qkrIbn fyF sO swl mgroN bicqr nwtk (AKOqI dsm gRMQ) nUM aunHW dI ilKq dy qOr ‟qy pyS krn dIAW koiSSW SurU ho geIAW sn[ ies nUM AMgryzW ny is`KW nUM aulJx ivc pwaux Aqy ihMdU lyKkW ny is`KI nUM bdnwm krn vwsqy Aijhw prcwr SurU kIqw sI[ ies ikqwb dIAW rcnwvW bVIAW GtIAw drjy dIAW hn qy aunHW ivc gurU swihb dI S^sIAq nUM burI qrHW bdnwm kIqw igAw hY[ i&rkU qy mUlvwdI ihMdU jmwq rwStrIX soiem syvk sMG (Awr. AYs. AYs.) qy hor is`K duSmx jmwqW ny is`KW ivcoN kwlIAW ByfW l`B ky ies dw prcwr SurU kIqw hoieAw hY[

gurUU gRMQ swihb dw srUp iqAwr hox dI cOQI SqwbdI sqMbr 2004 ivc mnweI geI; gurUU gRMQ swihb nUM gurUg`dI dI qIjI SqwbdI AkqUbr 2008 ivc mnweI jwxI sI[ ienHW dohW SqwbdIAW dy Asr nUM ^qm krn vwsqy is`K duSmx qwkqW, ^ws kr ky Awr.AYs.AYs., audwsI qy inrmly fyrydwrW, swDW, rwDwsuAwmIAW, inrMkwrIAW, nwmDwrIAW, su`Kw pIx vwly inhMgW Aqy is`K rihq mirAwdw nUM cYlMj krn vwly toilAW ny iek`ilAW vI Aqy sWJy qOr „qy hrkqW SurU kr id`qIAW qW jo is`KW ivc gurUU gRMQ swihb dw Adb GtwieAw jwvy[ ies sbMDI sB qoN v`fI swzS sI AKOqI dsm gRMQ nUM kwiem krnw[ ieh ikqwb swkq mq dIAW Aqy ihMdU imQhws Aqy glp rcnwvW dw imlgoBw hY; ies dw muK ih`sw 1785 ivc ptnw swihb dy gRMQI su`Kw isMG Aqy aus dy do swQIAW ny iqAwr kIw sI pr ies dw pRcwr 1880 qoN mgroN hI SurU hoieAw sI[ 2006 ivc is`K duSmx toilAw ny ies ikqwb dw pRkwS gurUU gRMQ swihb dy nwl krn dw pwp krn dw AYlwn kIqw Aqy 11 qoN 13 nvMbr 2006 dy idn idAwlpurw BweI kw (izlHw biTMfw) ivc smwgm vI r`K id`qw[

ies bwry ^br Cpx dy nwl swry pwsy qU&wn auiTAw; lok jwgrUk hoey Aqy AKOqI dsm gRMQ dy i^lw& swry s`cy is`K auT KVHy hoey[ swD toly ny 11 qoN 13 nvMbr 2006 dy idn idAwlpurw BweI kw (izlHw biTMfw) ivc gurUU gRMQ swihb dy nwl AKOqI dsmgRMQ dw pRkwS kIqw Aqy 13 nUM Bog pwieAw[ ies ku&r myly ivc swD tolw Aqy pujwrI qW pu`jy pr is`K sMgqW ny ies kUV iek`T dw bweIkwt kIqw[

dsm gRMQ dunIAW Br dI Dwrimk qvwrI^ ivc sB qoN v`fw pwp hY

 

AKOqI dsm gRMQ 1428 s&y dI ikqwb hY, ijs ivc hyT ilKIAW kivqwvW Swiml hn:

1. cMfI/durgw/BgvqI dI is&q ivc 3 vwrW (74-127 qk, 54 s&y)

2. ihMdU AvqwrW dIAW is&qW, ikRSn Avqwr, rwm Avqwr, cObIs Avqwr (155-709, 555 s&y; ies dw qkrIbn ivc qW 60% ikRSn dIAW is&qW d`sIAW hn)[ Xwin (54+555) 609 si&AW ivc kwlpink ihMdU AvqwrW, dyvI-dyviqAW dIAW khwxIAW hn qy aunHW dy kwrnwimAW Aqy qwkq dIAW is&qW kIqIAW geIAW hn[

3. SsqR nwm mwlw (717-808, 92 s&y) ivc purwxy zmwny dy SsqrW dIAW is&qW hn[

4. cirqropwKXwn (809-1388, 580 s&y)+hkwieqW (1394-1428, 35 s&y), kul 615 s&y hn, Xwin kMjr AOrqW dIAW khwxIAW[

5. bicqr nwtk (39-73, 35 s&y), ijs ivc pihlw A`Dw ih`sw imQhwsk g`pW qy dUjw A`Dw ih`sw 1688 qoN 1696 qk lVweIAW (BMgwxI qoN AnMdpur) dIAW GtnwvW hn[ pihly qy dUjy ih`sy dw Awps ivc koeI ilMk nhIN bxdw[

6. Putkl (709-712, 4 s&y), z&rnwmw (1389-94, 6 s&y),

7. jwpu, svYXy, Akwl ausqq (1-38, 38 s&y).

ienHW ivcoN iek vI rcnw AijhI nhIN ijs ivc „nwnk‟ kwiv Cwp, jo gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc qkrIbn hr Sbd ivc hY[ ieh mumikn hY ik iksy iek A`D Sbd ivc „nwnk‟ kwiv Cwp rih skdI sI, pr ies dw dsmgRMQ dy swry 1428 si&AW ivcoN iblkul hI Ziweb hoxw ieh swibq krdw hY ik jW qW ieh gurUU rcnw nhIN qy jW iPr ies dw lyKk nON gurUU swihbwn qoN vKry mq, vKrI soc dw hY qy auh pihly nON gurUUAW dw rsqw shI nhIN smJdw; Xwin aus ny koeI nvW Drm clwieAw sI[

(a).ies dsmgRMQ nW dI ikqwb ivc 609 s&y kwlpink ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW dIAW is&qW nwl Bry pey hn (qy bicqr nwtk dy pihly 20 s&y vI ihMdU imQhws dIAW g`pW dIAW khwxIAW hn)[ ieh is`KW nUM ihMdU imQhws nwl joVn qy aus dw AMg bxwaux dI swizS dw ih`sw hY[ iPr ieh vI dlIl id`qI geI ik ieh ieh AvqwrW dIAW khwxIAW, Aqy durgw dI vwr dIAW iqMn ilKqW, purwxIAW imQhwsk ikqwbW dy qrjmy (Anuvwd) hn[kI gurUU goibMd isMG trWslytr (Anuvwdk) sI jo ihMdU imQhws dIAW kwlpink qy g`p khwxIAW dw qrjmw krdw iPry? kI gurUu eynw hI ssqw sI jo dUjy DrmW dIAW imQwhsk khwxIAW dw qrjmw hI krdw irhw sI? kI imQhws qy g`p khwxIAW dy qrjmy iksy Drm dw gRMQ ho skdIAW hn?

iPr, AvqwrW dy durgw dIAW khwxIAW Aqy bicqr nwtk (AKOqI jIvnI) dy 609+20 si&AW ivc ihMdU imQhwsk pwqrW dIAW khwxIAW, dyvI, ivSnU, nrisMh Avqwr dI r`j ky is&q kIqI hoeI hY; pr iksy gurUu dI is&q ivc cwr l&z vI nhIN ilKy hoey[ pihly nO gurUUAW dy kwrnwimAW jW dI dyx dw zrw mwsw vI izkr

qk nhIN hY[ swry „bicqr nwtk‟ ivc gurUu nwnk swihb nUM lv kuS dI AOlwd swibq krn dy hvwly Aqy 9 gurUUAW nUM soF bMs nwl sbMDq krn dy hvwly qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN hY[

(A) cirqropwKXwn qy hkwieqW dy 615 s&y A`XwS qy kMjr AOrqW Aqy kuJ lu`cy mrdW qy kuJ bUJV pqIAW dy kwrnwimAW nwl Bry hoey hn[ (jy kr ies ivclI, bIj mMqr dyx vwlI AnUp kOr dI khwxI mMn leIey, qW iPr cirqropwKXwn iek lwlcI qy mUrK gurUU dI buzidlI dI khwxI vI hY)[

(e) SsqR nwm mwlw dy 92 s&y purwxy hiQAwrW dI q&sIl bwry hn[ ienHW dw Drm jW rUhwnIAq nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ ieh qW ieM\ hY ijvyN iksy Ajwieb Gr jW cMbl GwtI ivc iksy hiQAwrW dI h`tI dw sUcI pqr hovy[

so, kul imlw ky (609 + 615 + 20 + 92) 1346 s&y, Xwin 96%, Aijhy hn ijnHW dw is`K Drm nwl, rUhwnIAq nwl dUr dw vI koeI sbMD nhIN hY[ienHW si&AW ivc nw r`b dI g`l hY, nw gurUU dI, nw nwm jpx dI, nw Drm dI, nw rUhwnIAq dI, nw sdwcwr dI [ bwkI dIAW rcnwvW jwpu, svYXy, Akwl ausqq (1-38, 38 s&y) ivcoN jwpu swihb vI muslwmnW vW| r`b dy nWvW dI ilst hY; ies ivc koeI rUhwnIAq nhIN[ svYXy vDyry kr ky swkq mq dI rcnw jwpdy hn[ jwpu qy svYXy Swied Awqmw rwm dy ilKy hn (igAwn pRboD dw lyKk vI auhI hY)[ Akwl ausqiq vI nkl „qy ADwrq kivqw jwpdI hY[

mYN pihlW kuJ rcnwvW dw kuJ q&sIl nwl crcw krnw cwhvWgw:

(1) bicqr nwtk

(a) ieh rcnw BUgolk p`KoN Zlq hY:

ies ilKq ivc gurUU goibMd isMG (dy AKOqI pihly rUp) nUM hymkuMt phwV qy AKOqI qp`isAw krdy hoey d`isAw igAw hY[ svwl hY ik kI hymkuMt phwV svrg ivc hY jW DrqI ‟qy hY? jy svrg hY qW iPr svrg auqrWcl sUby dw ih`sw hY qy au~Qy rihx vwly swry lok svrgW ivc hn[ (^Yr clo ies ilKq ny dunIAW Br dy lokW nUM ieh qW l`B id`qw ik r`b ik`Qy invws krdw hY)[ pr iPr svwl auTygw ik kI svrg eyho ijhw huMdw hY? ikauNik auqrwKMf qW Aqy ZrIbI dw mwirAw ielwkw hY; Aqy kudrqI Aw&qW Aksr auQy qbwhI lY AwauNdIAW hn qy hymkuMt (AKoqI svrg) ivc gey hzwrW lokW dIAW jwnW clIAW jWdIAW hn[ pr, jy hymkuMt DrqI

„qy hY qW gurUU goibMd isMG (dw AKOqI pihlw rUp) iesy DrqI ivc hI rihMdw qy

AKOqI qp`isAw krdw sI[

kuJ Boly lok ies sbMDI BweI gurdws dw izkr krngy ijs ny AKOqI is`DW dw izkr kridAW iliKAw sI ik jd gurUU nwnk swihb mwnsrovr (kYlwS) phwV

‟qy jw ky (izMmyvwrIAW qoN fr ky B`jy hoey) AKOqI is`DW nUM imldy hn qW auh gurUU

nwnk swihb nUM „mwq lok‟ dw hwl pu`Cdy hn[ drAsl ieh AKOqI is`D jogI ies DrqI ‟qy privrqI (gRihsq) dI izMdgI ijaUNdI lokweI Aqy aus dy mwhOl nUM „mwq lok‟ kih rhy hn ikauN ik auh Awp dunIAW C`f ky inrvrqI (AKOqI sMinAws) dI izMdgI Apxw cuky hn Aqy auh aunHW jMglW qy phwVW, ijs ivc auh dunIAW qoN B`j ky luk ky rih rhy hn, aus ielwky nUM auh ielwky nUM „dyv lok‟ kihMdy hn; auh iksy

AKOqI svrg vZYrw ivc nhIN bYTy sn[ aunHW is`D jogIAW vwsqy jMgl qy phwV

„mwq lok‟ qoN vKry, Xwin dUr hn[ jd gurUU nwnk swihb aunHW nUM imldy hn qW aus AKOqI „dyv lok‟ ivc, gurUU swihb Aqy AKOqI is`D, dovyN hI ienswnI jwmy ivc hn[ dUjy pwsy bicqr nwtk dy „r`b‟ Aqy jnm qoN pihlW dw „gurUU goibMd isMG‟ dw AKOqI rUp v`K-v`K vjUd hn[so is`DW dw Aqy bicqr nwtk dw AKOqI „mwq lok‟ v`K-v`K hn[ auN\ bicqr nwtk ivc ieh vI spSt nhIN ik gurUU swihb hymkuMt phwV ‟qy (AKOqI pihly rUp ivc) ienswn sn ik BtkdI rUh ik BUq sn[

bicqr nwtk ivc r`b dy rihx dI QW nUM „pRB lok‟ iliKAw hoieAw imldw hY: “jb Arjun „pRB loik‟ isDwey”; ies ihswb nwl hymkuMt „pRB lok‟ hY qy gurUU Arjn swihb vI auQy hI hn (qy bwkI dy gurUU vI)[ so, bicqr nwtk dw lyKk inrw kni&aUzf hY; aus nUM kuJ vI spSt nhIN hY[

(a) AKOqI hym kuMt ivc gurUU swihb dw srUp kI sI?

bicqR nwtk muqwibk gurUU jI dI surq rb dy crnW ivc juVI hoeI sI: icq nw BXo hmro Awvn kih[ cuBI rhI suq pRBu crnn mih]

Aqy nwl hI gurUU swihb nUM iek pwsy qW Akwl purK ivc smwey (do qy iek rUp hoey) d`isAw hY:

ieh ibD krq qp`isAw BXo[ dÍY qy eyk rUp hÍY gXo]

jy gurUU r`b ivc iek-imk ho cuky sn, qW aunHW dI surq rb dy crnW ivc ikvyN juVI hoeI sI? aunHW dw qW vjUd r`b ivc smwA cukw sI[ hW ieh ho skdw hY ik gurUU do hox; ies ijs ivc gurUU smwA cukw sI qy dUjw jo Ajy qpisAw krdw sI[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik r`b do hox: iek ijs ivc gurUU smwieAw hoieAw hY qy dUjw auh jo gurUU nUM hymkuMt qpN bulwauNdw hY, ikauN ik A`gy jw ky ieh vI ikhw hY ik:

qp swDq hir moih bulwXo[ iem kih ky ieh lok pTwXo]

iPr ies quk muqwibk gurUU goibMd isMG Akwl pur nwl iek-imk nhIN sn Aqy gurUU swihb dw srUp ikqy hor hwzr sI qy r`b ny aunHW nUM auQoN Awpxy kol bulw ky mwq lok ivc (ies dunIAW ‟qy) ByijAw[ bicqr nwtk dw lyKk ies nukqy qy vI auliJAw nzr AwauNdw hY; ies ihswb nwl jW qW r`b qoN gurUU swihb dI AKOqI qp`isAw dI QW dUr sI (ij`QoN aunHW nUM „bulwieAw‟ igAw) Aqy jy iPr r`b hymkuMt ‟qy hI sI qW iPr hymkuMt, Xwin auqrWcl, nUM r`b dw dyS mMinAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[

bicqr nwtk is`K &ls&y dy p`KoN vI Zlq hY:

mYN ds cukw hW ik bicqr nwtk ivc ieh spSt nhIN ik gurUU swihb dw AKOqI pihlw srUp ienswnI rUp ivc sI jW Btk rhI rUh dy rUp ivc jW Buq dy rUp ivc? hux ies svwl nUM is`K &ls&y muqwibk vyKIey; is`K &ls&y ivc qW ienswn nM pMj q`qW dw smUh ikhw hY qy mOq mgroN ieh q`q muL q`q ivc smw jWdy hn; Aqy „joiq‟ vI „joiq‟ ivc smw jWdI hY; iesy kr ky AsIN mOq nUM „joqI-joiq smwauxw‟ kihMdy hW[ gurUbwxI muqwibk qW:

pWc qq ko qnu ricE jwnhu cqur sujwn ]

ijh qy aupijE nwnkw lIn qwih mY mwnu] (s&w 1427) sUrj ikrix imly jl kw jlu hUAw rwm ]

joqI joiq rlI sMpUrnu QIAw rwm ](s&w 846) pvnY mih pvnu smwieAw ]

joqI mih joiq ril jwieAw ](s&w 885)

jy gurUU swihb dy pihly ijsm dI g`l krdy hW qW jy is`K &ls&y muqwibk qW aunHW dy ijsm dy pMjy q`q Awpxy q`qW dy mUl ivc smw cuky hoxgy Aqy „joiq‟ Akwl purK dI „joiq‟ ivc rl cukI hovygI qy iPr AKOqI hymkuMt „qy AKOqI qp`isAw gurUU swihb dw ikhVw ih`sw kr irhw sI? kI gurUU swihb nUM ipCly AKOqI jnm ivc AKOqI mukqI nhIN sI imlI qy aunHW dy vjUd dw kuJ ih`sw Ajy Btk irhw sI?

iPr jy ieh mMn leIey ik gurUU jI ipCly jnm dy ^qm hox mgroN „joqI joiq‟ smw cuky sn Aqy „dÍY qy eyk rUp hÍY gXo‟ sn qW iPr auh Akwl purK nwl g`lW ikvyN kr skdy sn ikauN ik iPr qW gurUU goibMd isMG jI dw vKrw vjUd koeI nhIN sI irhw Aqy auh Awp hI Akwl purK dw ih`sw bx cuky sn? iPr jd Akwl purK ny gurUU jI nUM „mwq lok‟ ivc jwx vwsqy ikhw qW ies dw mqlb hY ik Akwl purK Awpxy Awp nUM hI kih irhw hovygw ik „qUM mwq lok ivc jw‟ Aqy Akwl purK Awp hI kih irhw hovygw ik „mYN mwq lok ivc nhIN jwxw cwhuMdw‟[ ies nukqy qoN vI bicqr nwtk dy lyKk koloN ieh swrw Gwlw-mwlw ho igAw jwpdw hY[

hW ie`Qy ieh bhwnw cl skdw hY ik Akwl purK Awpxy iek ih`sy nUM (jW

Awpxy Awp nUM) „mwq lok‟ nUM Byj irhw sI, Xwin auh, grU goibMd isMG dy rUp ivc, „mwq lok‟ ivc Awp AwieAw sI; pr bicqr nwtk dy ilKwrI ny iek QW ieh vI gurUU swihb dy mUMhoN ieh vI AKvwieAw hY ik „jo mYnUM r`b smJygw auh nrk kuMf ivc pvygw‟[

pr; is`K &ls&y muqwibk r`b „AjUnI‟ hY; auh ies DrqI ‟qy ienswnI jwmy ivc nhIN AwauNdw; Aqy jo S^s vwihgurUU dy XonI (jUnI) rwhIN Awaux dI g`l krdw hY gurUU swihb qW aus zbwn nUM swV dyx dI g`l kihMdy hn:

so muKu jlau ijqu khih Twkuru jonI[ jnim n mrY n AwvY n jwie ]

nwnk kw pRBu rihE smwie (s&w 1136)

bicqr nwtk ivc nON gurUUAW dI byAdbI vI kIqI hY:

 

ies ilKq ivc, gurUU nwnk qoN gurUU qyZ bhwdr qk, nON gurUAW nUM do p`KW qoN Zlq ikhw hoieAw hY[ bicqr nwtk dw lyKk kihMdw hY ik “r`b nUM iSkvw hY ik gurUU goibMd isMG qoN pihlW ijMny vI „prm purK‟ aus ny pYdw kr ky dunIAW „qy

Byjy, aunHW ny Awpxy-Awpxy rwh (pMQ) clwey sn qy swirAW ny ApxI BgqI krvweI sI qy r`b nUM iksy ny nhIN pCwixAw/smiJAw sI”; ies ihswb nwl nON gurUUAW nUM vI ies gunwh dw doSI idKwieAw igAw hY:

jo pRB prm purK aupjwey[iqn iqn Apny rwh clwey[26] Aqy

sB ApnI ApnI aurJwnw[ pwrbRhm kwhUM nw pCwnw] Aqy

Jo jo Bey pihl Avqwrw] Awpu Awpu iqn jwpu aucwrw]

ienHW lweInW ivc qy sw& l&zW ivc nON gurUUAW nUM SryAwm r`d kIqw igAw hY; qy aunHW dI byAdbI kIqI hoeI hY[

hW, eyQy koeI kih skdw hY: “bicqr nwtk ivc bwkI gurUUAW dw izkr qW hY, ijvyN iliKAw hY ik „gurU nwnk AMgd kr mwnw, AMgd Amr dws pihcwnw…‟ vZYrw[” pr jy ies pYry nUM nON gurUUAW dI kwrguzwrI nUM mnzUr krn dI khwxI bxwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI jwvy (jo ik iksy qrHW vI nhIN bxdI) qW iPr r`b nUM gurUU goibMd isMG nUM „r`b dw Drm‟ clwaux vwsqy ^ws qOr ‟qy Byjx dI kI zrUrq sI? kI pihly gurUUAW dw pMQ Zlq sI jo aus ny gurUU goibMd isMG jI nUM „Awpxw suq invwj ky‟ nvW „pMQu pRcur krby kh swjw‟[ Xwin gurUU goibMd isMG ny (gurUU nwnk dy pMQ qoN vKrw)„nvW pMQ‟ clwieAw (ikauNik ies ivc gurUU nwnk dy pMQ dI g`l nhIN, „nvyN pMQ‟ dI g`l khI hY)[

mY Apnw suq qoih invwjw] pMQ pRcur krbY kh swjw[ jwih qhw qY Drmu clwie] kbuiD krn qy lok htwie] 29

Aqy

TwF BXo mY joir kr bcn khw isr nXwie[ pMQ clY qb jgq mY jb qum krhu shwie] 30

kI gurUU qyZ bhwdr swihb b`cy dI dwq lYx vwsqy ihMdU qIrQW ‟qy puMn dwn krn gey sn?:

iPr bicqr nwtk ikqwb ivc gurUU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM, b`cw mMgx vwsqy, is`K &ls&y dy ault, AKOqI „qIrQ Xwqrw‟, „puMn dwn‟ „Xog swDnw‟ krdy idKwieAw hY[ ies qo ieh isiKAw imldI hY ik hr is`K nUM b`cw mMgx vwsqy iqrbYxI (Alwhwbwd), kwSI (vwrwnsI) Aqy hor ihMdU qIrQW dI Xwqrw krnI cwhIdI hY, au~Qy jw ky puMn-dwn krny cwhIdy hn Aqy AKOqI Xog swDnw vZYrw krnI cwhIdI hY[

ies nukqy qoN bicqr nwtk dI isiKAw dw mwAnw qW ieh vI inkldw hY ik is`K nUM Xwin r`b kol Ardws nhIN krnI cwhIdI; gurUU gRMQ swihb ‟qy AkIdw nhIN

r`Kxw cwhIdw Aqy vwihgurUU dw Bwxw nhIN mMnxw cwhIdw; jd ik bwxI qW kihMdI hY:

qyrw Bwxw sBu ikCu hovY ](s&w 356) qyrw kIAw mITw lwgY (s&w 394)

qyrw Bwxw mMny su imlY quDu Awey ](s&w 1063)

so, ies swrw kuJ nUM mu`K r`K ky bicqr nwtk nw isr& BUgolk, qvwrI^I Aqy qrk dy p`KoN hI Zlq hY blik is`K &ls&y dy bhuq swry nukiqAW muqwibk vI is`KI AsUlW dy ault hY[

auN\ bicqr nwtk ivc QW-QW ieh vI sw& nzr AwauNdw hY ik „r`b‟ iek ivwcwrw ijhw hY ijhVw pYgMbrW nUM pYdw ky aunHW qoN AwpxI g`l vI nhIN mMnvw skdw Aqy aus dw hukm ivc koeI qwkq nhIN hY[

z&rnwmw

z&rnwmw nW dI &wrsI kivqw ^UbsUrq hY; XkInn ieh iksy &wrsI mwihr dI ilKI hoeI hovygI[ pr aus ivcwry nUM vI aus vyly dI qvwrI^ dw vI pqw nhIN hY[ ies ivc cmkOr ivc muZl &OjW dI igxqI 10 lK d`sI hoeI hY:

gurUsnh ic kwry kund ichl nr[ ik dh lK brAwXd bro by^br[ 20

(myry Bu`Ky-Bwxy 40 AwdmI kI kr skdy sn; jy ds l`K &OjI aunHW qy Acwnk Aw pYx)

aus vyly muZl bwdSwhW dI AwpxI kul &Oj kuJ hzwrW ivc huMdI sI[ bwdSwh nUM jd zrUrq huMdI sI qW aus dy mnsbdwr AwpxI &Oj lY ky hwzr ho jwieAw krdy sn[ AOrMgzyb vyly sB qoN v`fw mnsb 7 hzwr dw sI qy ieh mnsb 3-4 jixAW kol hI sn (SihzwidAW kol vD dy mnsb vI huMdy sn)[ jd jhWgIr vyly mhwbq ^wn ny bZwvq kIqI qW aus kol 4 hzwr &Oj sI[ ApRYl 1654 ivc dwrw Skoh ny AOrMgzyb dI &Oj nwl jMg kIqI, aus kol Swhjhwn bwdSwhI dI swrI &Oj sI ijs dI igxqI 50 hzwr sI[ AOrMgzyb kol 1684 ivc 80 hzwr dy krIb &Oj sI[ iesy &Oj ny iSvwjI mrh`tw nUM hrwieAw sI[ ies mgroN hor vI BrqI kIqI geI qy muZl qvwrI^ ivc &Oj dI vD qoN vD igxqI 1 l`K 70 hzwr sI[ AOrMgzyb vyly muZlW dI AwpxI, qy mnsbdwrW dI &Oj imlw ky, dI kul igxqI 2 l`K 40 hzwr GOVsvwr qy 15000 bMdUkcI sn[ (pUrI q&sIl vwsqy dyKo: jwdU nwQ srkwr, ihstrI Aw& AOrMgzyb, ijld qIjI Aqy ausy dI hI ikqwb muZl AYNpwieAr)[ pr z&rnwmw dw lyKk 6-7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn iek`ly cmkOr ivc 10 l`K &Oj dw Gyrw puAw dyNdw hY[ ies &Oj bwry do hor nukqy vI Aihm hn: pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik cmkOr „qy hmlw krn vwlI &Oj ropV qoN ByjI geI sI; Aqy ieh Gyrw AOrMgzyb dy kihx „qy nhIN ipAw sI; dUjw, jy igxqI ds l`K dI ieh g`p mMnxI vI hovy qW eynI &Oj ny cmkOr qoN id`lI qk jgh GyrI hovygI qy eyny mIlW ivc &Oj hI &Oj hovygI[ auN\ hkIkq ieh hY ik ieh &Oj 700 dI igxqI ivc sI ijs dw izkr ienwiequ`lw ^wn (mOq 1725) dI „Aihkwm-ie-AwlmgIrI‟ ivc sw& imldw hY[

iesy ikqwb muqwibk AOrMgzyb ny do AihdIey (Sy^ Xwr muhMmd mnsbdwr qy muhMmd byZ gurUj-brdwr) gurUU swihb nUM aus nwl mulwkwq krvwaux leI ilAwaux vwsqy Byjy sn Aqy lwhOr qy srhMd dy sUbydwr nUM ^q vI ilKy sn[ gurUU goibMd isMG swihb ny jo ^q mugl bwdSwh AOrMgjyb nUM, ipMf dInw-kWgV ivKy 22 dsMbr 1705 dy idn iliKAw sI, aus ^q nUM pVH ky AOrMgzyb ny do AihdIey Aqy jo hdwieqW srihMd qy lwhOr dy sUbydwrW nUM ByjIAW sn, auh ies z&rnwmw nW dI kivqw nUM pVH ky ByjIAW nhIN ho skdIAW[ auh ^q XkInn hor hovygw qy ieh ilKq mgroN iksy kvI ny ilKI hovygI[

iek hor svwl ieh vI hY ik gurUU goibMd isMG AOrMgzyb dI eynI cwplUsI kr

skdy sn?:
^uSS Swih Swhwn AOrMgzyb, ik cwlwk dsqu Asqu cwbuk rkyb[ 89
(hy!  AOrMgzyb,  qUM  nyk  hYN,  SwhW  dw  Swh  (bwdSwh)  hYN[  qUM  AklmMd	hY,
qlvwr clwaux ivc mwihr hY; &urqIlw GoV svwr hYN)
ic husnl jmwsqu roSn zmIr, ^udwvMd mulk Asqu swihb AmIr[ 90
(qUM ^UbsUrq hYN, jlwl vwlw hYN; qUM aucI zmIr vwlw jwixAw jWdw hYN[	qUM
mulk dw mwlk Aqy AmIrW, Xwin hwkmW, dw vI mwlk hYN)[

ik qrqIb dwnS b qdbIr qyZ; ^udwvMd dyZo ^udwvMq qyZ[ 91

(qUM cMgI Akl vwlw qy qlvwr clwaux dw mwihr hY[ qUM dyZ dw mwlk qy qyZ dw mwlk hYN)

ik rOSn zmir Asqu husn jmwl; ^udwvMd b^iSMdhy mulko mwl[ 92

(qUM aucI zmIr vwlw qy ^UbsUrq rUp vwlw hYN[ qUM mulk Aqy mwl dw mwlk qy b^iSSW krn vwlw hYN)[

kI gurUU goibMd isMG AOrMgzyb vwsqy ieh l&z iesqymwl kr skdy sn?

jo ^q guru jI ny AOrMgzyb nUM iliKAw sI, kI guru jI ny aus dI &otokwpI r`K leI sI[ auh ^q qW Byj id`qw sI, auh vwips ikvyN Aw igAw[ guru jI ny iksy hor ^q dI kwpI ikauN nhIN r`K leI[ jy guru jI ^qW dIAW kwpIAW r`Kdy sn qW aunHW ^qW dIAW iksy kol kwIAW ikauN nhIN jo hukmnwmy aunHW dy ilKy lokW kol pey khy jWdy hn (aunHW ivcoN bhuqy jwAlI hn)[

dsmgRMQIAW dI iek hor g`p

iek hor Aihm nukqw ieh vI hY ik dsm gRMQ tolw ies ikqwb nUM dInw-kWgV (idAwlpurw BweIkw) ivc „z&rnwmw‟ nwl „sMpUrn‟ hoeI dsdw hY[ pr, „l`KI jMgl Kwlsw Awie dIdwr idqo eI… sux ky s`d mwhI dw myhIN pwxI Gwh muqo eI‟ qW gurUu jI dy qlvMfI swbo ivc phuMcx qoN mgroN nwl sbMDq bxdI hY qy gurUu jI auQy 16 jnvrI 1706 dy idn pu`jy sn[ so, ies ikqwb nUM pRcwrn vwilAW nUM eynI smJ vI nhIN ik JUT bolx l`igAW qvwrI^ dw hI iKAwl kr lYx[

cirqropwKXwn Aqy hkwieqW

ieh ilKq 615 si&AW (809 qoN 1388, 580 s&y; hkwieqW 1394 qoN 1428, 35 s&y) dI hY ijs ivc 400 qoN vD kwm idRSW Aqy hor GtIAw hrkqW dIAW khwxIAW id`qIAW hoeIAW hn[ ies ivc kuJ muK nukqy jo swhmxy AwauNdy hn, aunHW qoN svwl auTdw hY ik:

1.kI gurUU p`g Aqy ju`qI C`f ky B`j skdw hY?

2. kI gurUU „bIj mMqr‟ hwisl krn dI ^wihS kr irhw hY? kI auh ieh mMn jWdw hY ik ieh iek AOrq kol hY, ijhVI aus dy drSn krn AweI hY[ Xwin gurUU kol kuJ vI nhIN qy auh Awpxy cyilAW qoN jwdU mMqr l`B irhw hY[ (cirqR 379, s& 1109)
3. kI koeI byvkU& ieh mMn skdw hY ik iek Brw nUM pqw nw lg sikAw hovy ik auh s`kI BYx nwl Bog kr irhw hY? (s&w 1119)

4. pqI nUM mUrK bxw ky AOrq pwey mrdW nwl sYks ikvyN mwx skdI hY; drjnW „swKIAW‟ ivc ieh sIn suAwd lY-lY ky d`sy hoey hn (1049, 1064, 1342, 1358)[ ies ivc kI rUhwnIAq hY?

5. pwlkI ivc jWidAW sVk dy ivckwr hI sYks ikvyN kIqw jw skdw hY? ies ivc ikhVI rUhwnIAq dI isiKAw imldI hY?

6. Bog/sYks krn vwsqy ikhVy ikhVy nSy kMm AwauNdy hn (832, 1280)[ ivAwgrw Swied ies qoN hI SurU hoeI hovy? kI sMBog nwl r`b nwl myl huMdw hY?
7. gupq AMg dy vwl muMn ky sYks dw AnMd vD jWdw hY (1082) ? ies ivc ikhVI rUhwnIAq dI isiKAw imldI hY?

8. gudw Bog, Xwin ipCly pwsEN Bog dw kI AnMd hY (1010)? ieh vI rUhwnIAq dw sbk hY?

9. GoVI dw mUqr pIxw ikhVI rUhwnIAq dI isiKAw hY?
10. t`tI Prn gey lokW dIAW p`gW lwhuxIAW ikhVI rUhwnIAq hn?

ieh qW AYvyN hvwlw mwqr d`sy hn; ieh ikqwb qW Aijhy gMd dI isiKAw nwl BrI hoeI hY[cirqropwKXwn qW kMjr jIvn ijaUx dy qrIikAW, Bog AwsxW dw muj`smw hY[ieh dlIl ik cirqropwKXwn mn nUM kwm v`l jwx qoN rokx vwsqy hY QoQI qy hwsohIxI hY[

dsmgRMQIAW muqwibk cirqropwKXwn (kMjr kivqw) dy 4 ih`sy hn : iesqrI dI smrQw, purS pRDwn smwj dIAW khwxIAW ijs ivc iesqrI dI bybsI hY, qIjy ivc AprwDW dIAW khwxIAW hn qy cOQy ivc rwh idKwaU hdwieqW hn[ pr, isAwxy qoN isAwxw Aqy mUrK qoN mUrK vI cirqropwKXwn nUM pVHn mgroN smJ skdw hY ik ies ivc AOrq dI kI smrQw idKweI hY: auh byeImwn hY, kwmI hY, lu`cI hY, cwlwk hY, cwlbwz hY, nSybwz hY[ cirqropwKXwn ivc „so ikau mMdw AwKIAY‟ vwlI

AOrq dw ieh GtIAw ikrdwr disAw hY AOrq dw[aus ivc koeI hW-p`KI ^UbI nhIN idKweI hoeI)[

jy koeI ieh khy ik 615 si&AW dI ies gMdI rcnw ivc iek A`D QW „qy cwr lweInW ivc ibgwnI AOrq nwl Bog krn qoN roikAw igAw hY qW ieh byhUdw g`l hY[ ieh mMinAw jw skdw hY ik AOrqW dy cilqr ds ky aunHW qoN bcx vwsqy ikhw jw skdw hY; qW iPr ieh g`l kihx Aqy ieh isiKAw dyx vwsqy 600 si&AW ivc, AYnIAW khwxIAW ivc Bog krn dy drjnW qrIky, qy auh vI suAwd lY lY ky, d`sx dI kI lOV sI? AKoqI dsmgRMQ ivc qW sgoN ieh isiKAw imldI hY ik Bog krn dw mzw ikM\ lYxw hY, nSy kr ky 12 jW 24 GMty Bog ikvyN krnw hY; pqI nUM mUrK bxw ky ikvyN ivBcwr krnw hY vZYrw dIAW g`lW nUM suAwd lw lw ky pyS kIqw igAw hY[ hor qW hor ies kMjrKwny dIAW krqUqW dI pySkwrI kridAW ikqy nhIN ikhw igAw ik ies dy nqIjy kI inkldy hn; sgoN ieh d`isAw hY ik ikvyN r`j ky suAwd nwl Bog kr kr ky cwlwkI kIqI jw skdI hY Aqy PVy jwx qooN bicAw jw skdw hY[ ieh „prvrt‟, Xwin mwnisk bImwrW dIAW g`lW hn; aunHW dw ivsQwr qy ibAwn iek Dwrimk AwgU nhIN kr sdkw[ iPr ieh svwl auTdw hY ik kI gurUU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI ivc kwm rokx vwsqy koeI isiKAw nhIN ik jW aUh ADUrw gRMQ hY jW pihly nON gurUUAW dy vyly qk kwm dw mslw Aihm mslw nhIN sI[

cirqropwKXwn dy iek hor ihmwieqI iek QoQI dlIl:

iek dsmgRMQI ny ieh dlIl vI id`qI sI ik gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc vI kuJ Aijhy Sbd hn jo (gupq AgW nwl sbMDq hox kr ky) smwj ivc Awm BwSw ivc nhIN vrqy jWdy; ijvyN ik:

1. Bg: (goqmu qpw AihilAw iesqRI iqsu dyiK ieMdRü luBwieAw] shs srIr ichn Bg hUey qw min pCoqwieAw]) (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1344).
2. laufw: (jo laufw pRiB kIAw Ajwiq] iqsu laufy kau iks kI qwiq])

(gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 376)

3. ttw (t): (ttw, ibkt Gwt Gt mwhI] Koil kpwt, mhil ik n jwhI]) (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 341)

mYN hYrwn hoieAw hW ik ies ivcwry nUM qW gurUbwxI dy ArQ vI pqw nhIN hn: (1)gurUU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 376 ‘qy ‘laufw’ Sbd gupq AMg (lOVw) nhIN ies dw mwAnw in`kw b“cw hY[ (2) gurUU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 341 ‘qy ‘ttw’ Aqy s&w 433 ‘qy ‘ttY’ dw mwAnw ‘t’ A`Kr hY nw ik ‘mrd dy AMf koS’ vwsqy (3) gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc jy ikqy kwm dI g`l AweI hY qW aus qoN bcx vwsqy ikhw igAw hY[

so cirqopwKXwn iksy pwisEN vI dsmgRMQ gurUU rcnw hrigz nhIN ho skdI[ mUrKqw ivc gVu`c mUrK, pwpI, gurUU goibMd isMG jI nUM ies kMjr kivqw dw lyKk kih ky zulm krdy hn; gurUU dI qOhIn krdy hn; ieh gurUU nUM gwhl k`Fx Aqy aus dy mUMh „qy kwl^ mlx vW| hY; jo koeI pwpI hI kr skdw hY [ Aijhw kihx vyly ienHW dI zbwn ikauN nhIN sV jWdI? Aijhw jwpdw hY ik (1) jW qW ienHW dw bryn vwS kr id`qw igAw hY; (2) jW ieh jwAlI is`K hn qy is`KI ilbws pw ky is`KI dIAW jVHW v`F rhy hn qy (3) jW iPr ieh ^ud cirqropwKwXwn vwlIAW AorqW

vrgw kMjr-jIvn ijaUNdy hn ijs nUM ‘shI qy is`KI jIvn krwr dyx vwsqy’ ieh gurUU nUM vI ‘kMjr iLKqW dw lyKk’ kihx dI izd krI jwxw cwhuMdy hn[ mYnUM ieh g`l vDyry shI jwpdI hY ikauNik dsmgRMQ dI ihmwieq auh swry swD krdy hn jo ryp, znwh qy kwm dy mujirm jwxy jWdy hn[

hW, pr, jy ieh s`cmu`c is`K hn qy ienHW dy AMdr gurUU dw qy r`b dw zrw ijMnw vI Bau hY, ^O& hY, qW ienHW nUM Gor pwp bMd krnw cwhIdw hY vrnw ienHW nUM vwihgurUU ivStw dy qy auh vI sB qoN nIc qy gMdy kIVy grdwn ky nrk dy pwpIAW dI ivStw ivc sdIvI invws dyvygw[

imqr ipAwry nUM…

„imqr ipAwry nUM swfw hwl murIdW dw kihxw‟ dw Drm nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ ieh gurUU jI dy mwCIvwVw jwx Aqy rsqy ivc aunHW dy hwl dw vI ibAwn nhIN hY[ gurUU jI nUM cmkOr qoN mwCIvwVw qk ies qrHW dI hwlq dw kdy vI swhmxw nhIN sI krn ipAw[ iPr ieh hIr rWJw dy ivCoVy dI pySkwrI hY; jy ieh gurUU jI nwl sbMDq hY qW ies ivc rWJw kOx hY qy KyVy kOx hn? „XwrVw‟ Xwin rWJw kOx hY? is`KI ivc qW qyrw kIAw qy qyrw Bwxw mITw lwgy dI g`l hY, pr ies ivc ArzoeI hY qy auh vI r`b nUM nhIN, rWJy nUM hY[ ies ivc ieSk hkIkI nhIN ieSk mjwzI dI g`l hY[ iPr ies ivc ijs „nSy dI surwhI‟ dw izkr hY, kI auh gurUU swihb dI hY? kI gurUu jI ieho ijhIAW surwhIAW dy SOkIn sn? ies kivqw dw rUhwnIAq nwl zrw-mwsw vI sbMD nhIN hY[ ieM\ hI „sux ky s`d mwhI dw myhIN pwxI Gwh muqo eI‟ dw gurUU nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ A^IrlI g`l ieh kihxI cwhvWgw ik ieh dovyN kivqwvW dy A^Ir dI ATHwrvI sdI pMjwbI dI suhxI vMngI hn qy ieh audoN hI ilKIAW geIAW jwpdIAW hn; 1706 ivc pMjwbI bolI ies qrHW dI hrigz nhIN sI[

BgauqI dI vwr qy Ardwis

is`KW dI Ardwis ivc BgauqI dI vwr, Xwin cMfI dI vwr dw pihlw bMd, inrmilAW dw pwieAw hoieAw hY[ sB qoN pihlW qW ies ivc BgauqI (durgw) dI pUjw dI g`l hY (BgauqI nUM kuJ lokW v`loN nwjwiez qrIky nwl vwhgurUU bxwaux dI nwkwm koiSS kIqI geI hY)[

dUjw bicqr nwtk vW| ieh vI gurUU swihb dI S^sIAq „qy ikMqU krdI hY[ ies muqwibk gurUU nwnk swihb nUM iDAwauxw hY; gurUU AMgd, gurUU Amr dws, gurUU rwm dws ny is`KW dy shweI hoxw hY; gurUU Arjn, gurUU hirgoibMd qy gurUU hir rwie nUM ismrnw hY, gurUU hirkikSn nUM idAwauxw hY; gurUU qyZ bhwdr nUM ismrn nwl nON inD Gr ivc Aw jwxy hn qy gurUU goibMd isMG ny sB QWeIN shweI rihxw hY[ ies nwl swry gurUU swihbwn dw rol v`K-v`K kr idqw igAw hY; koeI dUjy gurUU dy ismrn, iDAwaux jW shweI hox dy rol ivc d^l nhIN dy skdw[

{ieM\ hI Ardws dy A^Ir ivc „nwnk nwm cVHdI klw, qyry Bwxy srbq dw Blw‟ vI inrmilAW ny hI vwVI sI[ „AigAw BeI Akwl kI qbY clwXo pMQ…‟ Aqy „gurUU gRMQ jI mwinE prgt gurUW kI dyh….‟ vI inrmly lyKk igAwnI igAwn isMG dI ilKq hY[ ies kivqw dI AMdrUnI gvwhI swibq krdI hY ik ieh iksy gurUU dI ilKq jW bol nhIN ho skdy ikauNik gurUU goibMd isMG swihb ny koeI nvW „pMQ‟ nhIN clwieAw sI[ aunHW ny KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU kIqI sI, kys qy kkwr id`qy sn Aqy sMgq nUM Awpxw „Kwlsw‟ AYlwinAw sI[ Kwlsw dw mqlb irh sI ik is`KW qy gurUU dy ivckwr msMdW dI ivcolgI ^qm kIqI sI[ pwhul dw mqlb hrigz nvW Drm/pMQ/kOm bxwauxw nhIN sI[ hW, AMqm smyN aunHW ny gurUg`dI gurUU gRMQ swihb nUM zrUr idqI sI[}

„BgauqI/cMfI dI vwr‟ dwipCokV: gurUu jI v`loN cMfI dI pUjw dI pihlI pySkwrI Swied kuier isMG (Asl nW pMfq ibSn dws) ny guriblws pwqswhI 10 dy 7 qy 8 cYptr (s&w 103 qoN 121) ivc pyS kIqI sI (ies ikqwb „qy ilKx swl 1751 iliKAw imldw hY jo ik Zlq hY; ieh ikqwb hr hwlq ivc 1787 qoN mgroN dI, Swied 1791 jW ies qoN vI mgroN dI ilKI hoeI hY)[ iehI khwxI inrmly su`Kw isMG ny guriblws pwqswhI dsvIN (1797) ivc, cYptr 8 qoN 10 ivc (s&w 126 qoN 159 ivc) „dyvI pUjn ibrqWq‟ isrlyK hY ilKI sI[ ies g`l nUM hor p`kw krn vwsqy su`Kw isMG inrmly ny AwpxI ilKI cMfI dI vwr gurUu jI dy nW nwl joVI sI[ gurdws isMG dy nW „qy ilKI vwr (vwr 41 vjoN CpI hoeI) vI iesy su`Kw isMG dI ilKI hoeI hY; ikauN ik ieh vI ptnw ivcoN AweI hY[ (ieh vI jwpdw hY ik BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jWdI 1711 dI qwrI^ vwlI (jo Asl ivc aunIvIN sdI dy A^Ir dI hY) ic`TI vI iesy lyKk dI ilKI hoeI hY)[ mihmw pRkwS ivc vI ieh kQw cYptr 17 ivc (s&w 820 qoN 824) ivc pyS hY[ inrmly lyKk sMqoK isMG kvI ny irqU 3 AMsU 3 qoN 12 ivc vI iehI (s&w 4929 qoN 4968 qk) dyvI pUjn dI kQw ilKI hY[ „ikrpw krI hm pr jg mwqw, pUrn kIAw gRMQ qqkwlw‟ ivc ausy durgw dI is&q kIqI hY[ ieh swry lyKk (kuier isMG, suKw isMG, sMqoK isMG qy igAwnI igAwn isMG) inrmly sn[

dsmgRMQ qy inqnym

dsmgRMQIAW  ny  iek  ieh  vI  cwl  clI  sI  ik  jy  dsmgRMQ  nhIN  hY  qW

„inqnym‟ Aqy „KMfy dI pwhul‟ dw kI bxygw? aunHW muqwibk jwpu, svYXy qy cOpeI ies ikqwb ivcoN hn[

hkIkq ieh hY ik purwxy soimAW ivc KMfy dI pwhul dIAW „pMj bwxIAW‟ dw izkr ikqy vI nhIN[ kuJ somy jpujI qy kuJ AnMd swihb dIAW pMj pauVIAW pVH ky pwhul dyx dw izkr krdy hn[ ieM\ hI inqnym dIAW „pMj bwxIAW‟ vI inrmilAW ny hI lwgU kIqIAW sn[ inqnym kdy vI „pMj bwxIAW‟ nhIN sn[ gurUu swihb ny inqnym qW gurUu gRMQ swihb dy pihly 13 s&y hI nIAq kIqy sn qy iesy kr ky aunHW

nUM gRMQ dy SurU ivc r`K id`qw sI[ 1823 ivc AkwlI PUlw isMG dI ShIdI qoN mgroN, inrmilAW ny drbwr swihb dw ieMqzwm Awpxy h`Q ivc Awaux mgroN, ies ivc inrmly ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW jwpu qy svYXy (qy mgroN cOpeI vI) Swiml kr ky cwlkI nwl ies nUM „pMj bwxIAW dw nW dy id`qw sI[

1873 isMG jd sBw lihr SurU hoeI qW drbwr swihb Aqy hor gurduAwirAW

„qy inrmilAW dw kbzw sI; ies kr ky jwpu qy svYXy dy i^lw& Awvwz auTx dw svwl hI nhIN sI[ AkwlI (1920-25) vyly iksy dw ies g`l v`l iDAwn hI nhIN igAw ik inrmilAW ny pwhul qy inqnym ivc nklI kivqwvW lwgU kr id`qIAW sn[ ieh auvyN hI sI ijvyN audwsIAW dy „JMfy buMgy‟ dw Bgvw JMfw „kysrI‟ bx ky is`KW ivc lwgU ho igAw sI[

jwpu qy svYXy dw ipCokV:      jwpu nW dI kivqw dI Jlk sw& rwijsQwnI kvI

cMdr  brdweI  (1149-1200)  dI  rcnw  „ipRQvIrwj  rwso‟	dy	42vyN	cYptr,	s&w
1170-71 (quAM dyh h`tO…..quAM lok pwlM… bMd 30 qoN 36)	Aqy	dyvI	ausqiq:	nmo

quM, nmo quM, nmo quM kumwrI… bMd 38 qoN 45), Aqy 317-18 (ACyd AByd ASyd Apwr; AjIq ABIq ApRIq Amwr[ AsyS AmyK AlyK AbIh; Arp AByS AdyS kbIh…) ivc nzr AwauNdI hY[svYXy bwry ieh ivcwr kIqw jWdw hY ik ieh iksy Awqmw rwm inrmly dy ilKy hn (igAwn pRboD dw lyKk vI auhI hY)[

so jwpu, svYXy, cOpeI (jo cirqropwKXwn dw ih`sw hY) vZYrw dw inqnym Aqy KMfy dI pwhul nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ inqnym gurUU gRMQ swihb dy pihly 13 s&y hI hn Aqy KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm vI gurUU gRMQ swihb dy pihly 13 si&AW nwl hI pUrn ho jWdI hY; pwhul dyx l`igAW isr8 ieh 13 s&y vwlIAW bwxIAW hI pVHIAW jwxIAW cwhIdIAW hn[ pwhul smyN ieh bwxIAW pVHn dw mqlb pwhul lYx vwly nUM inqnym dw „AiBAws‟ krvwauxw hY[

is`K ShId Aqy dsmgRMQ

kuJ Boly lok (Aqy Awr.AYs.AYs. dy eyjMt Aqy SrwrqI lok ^ws kr ky) ieh pRcwr krdy hn ik igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw dsmgRMQ dy ihmwieqI sn, ies kr ky ies ikqwb nUM kbUl krnw cwhIdw hY[ pihlI g`l qW igAwnI jrnYl isMG jI „j`Qw iBMfrW-mihqw‟ dw ih`sw sn qy ieh j`Qw igAwnI gurUbcn isMG dw kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI[ aunHW dy cyly hox kwrn ieh swry A`KW bMd kr ky aus g`l ‘qy Aml krdy sI (Aqy krdy hn) ijhVI g`l igAwnI gurUbcn isMG ny kih/ilK id`qI sI[ Xwin, auh ienHW vwsqy gurUU hI nhIN, bl ik r`b hY; Aqy auh jo vI kih ilK igAw hY auh „ielwhI hukm‟ hY[ ShId igAwnI jrnYl isMG jI v`loN dsmgRMQ dI ihmwieq krn dw muK kwrn iehI sI[

dUjw, igAwnI jrnYl isMG jI bhuqw pVHy ilKy nhIN sn qy ies kr ky ies ikqwb (dsmgRMQ) nUM pVH nhIN sky hoxgy qy iesy kr ky ies ihMdU gRMQW dy qrjmy Aqy cirqRopwKXwn vrgy gMd mMd nUM r`d nw kr sky[ jy auh pVH lYNdy qW swied auh ies kUV-kbwVy nUM gurUU dI rcnw nw kihMdy[

AKOqI dmdmI tkswl dI AslIAq jwxn dI vI loV hY[ ies dw Asl nW „j`Qw iBMfrW‟ sI (ikauNik ies dy moFI igAwnI suMdr isMG iBMfr klW ipMf dy sn qy igAwnI gurbcn isMG, jo ik ip`CoN AKwVw ipMf dy sn qy 1921 qoN iBMfr klW rihx lg pey sn; iesy kr ky ies dw nW „jQw iBMfrW‟ sI); pr jd igAwnI gurbcn isMG cVHweI kr gey qW aunHW dy prvwr dw igAwnI krqwr isMG jI nwl JgVw ho igAw qy auh cOk mihqw Aw gey Aqy ies jQy dw nW „j`Qw iBMfrW-mihqw‟ ilKx lg ey[ 1977 ivc auh ^ud nUM „dmdmI tkswl‟ kihx lg pey[ (igAwnI gurbcn isMG iBMfrW qW AwpxI ikqwb „Kwlsw jIvn‟ ivc sw& mMndy hn ik auh inrmlw pRxwlI ivcoN hn qy aunHW ny muK qOr „qy rwmwiex, mhWBwrq qy hor ihMdU gRMQ, inrmilAW dw &rIdkotI tIkw pVHy hoey sn)[

„j`Qw iBMfrW-mihqw‟ drAsl inrmilAW dw iek AMg (ih`sw) hY qy ienHW dw rol dUjy swDW qy rwDwsuAwmIAW qoN vKrw nhIN hY[ ies nUM iksy gurUU nw jW BweI mnI isMG jW bwbw dIp isMG ny nhIN clwieAw sI bl ik inrmly swDUAW dw tolw sI[ iek bwbw jrnYl isMG nUM C`f ky, ies jQy dy aunHW qoN pihlW dy Aqy aunHW qoN mgroN dyy swry muKI inrMkwrIAW qy rwDwsuAwmIAW dw rUp hI sn[

bwbw jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwly qy dsmgRMQ

dsmgRMQIey iBMfrWvwilAW dw iek hvwlw dy ky kihMdy hn ik aunHW ikhw sI: “(sRI) dsm gRMQ dI bwxI dw pwT qy ArQ smJxy qW driknwr, buzidl AwdmI ies dI bwxI sux nhIN skdw; ieh kwierW dw gRMQ nhIN hY; ies gRMQ dy iek iek AMg ivc hwQIAW dIAW icMgwrW, ikrpwnW dIAW tuxkwrW qy GoiVAW dIAW rkwbW dIAW AwvwzW suxdIAW hn[“

iBMfrWvwilAW dI g`l hY vI s`c, ies ikqwb (mYN ies nUM gRMQ nhIN kih skdw) dIAW kivqwvW buzidl vwsqy nhIN hn; bhuq ihMmq qy dlyrI cwhIdI hY[ t`tI iPrn gey lokW dIAW p`gW lwhux vwsqy; s`ky Brw nwl Bog krn vwsqy, pwlkI ivc svwr ho ky SryAwm sVk dy ivckwr Bog krn vwsqy, pqI nUM DoKw dy ky Bog krn vwsqy, cMgy nSy kr ky, 12-12 qy 24-24 GMty Bog krn vwsqy, swzSW qy clwkIAW nwl pqI nUM mUrK bxwaux vwsqy scmuc bhuq dlyrI cwhIdI hY[ Swied koeI bhuq „bhwdr‟, „Dwrimk‟ „rUhwnI‟ S^sIAq, koeI sMq, mhWpurK, bRhmigAwnI hI ieho ijhIAW gMd-rs vwlI ilKqW pVHn dI ihMmq kr skdwhY[

iek hor gpOVw ieh prcwirAw jw irhw hY ik jUn 1984 ivc ShId hox vwly ies gRMQ dy ihmwieqI sn jW ies nUM pVH ky ShId hoey sn[ ieh vI inrI g`p hY[ ijhVy 1978 qoN 1984 qk (Aqy iPr 1994 qk) smyN ivc ShId hoey sn, aunHW ivcoN 90% ny ies ikqwb nUM (jwpu, svYXy, cOpeI, Akwl ausqq qy iek-A`D hor nUM C`f ky, Xwin 90% ih`sw) kdy nhIN piVHAw sI[ ienHW ShIdW ivcoN drjnW nUM qW mYN injI qOr ‘qy jwxdw hW[ iPr ies qoN ieh svwl vI auTdw hY ik nOvyN gurUU qk ShId hox vwilAW ny qW ieh hrigz nhIN piVHAw ho skdw, so ieh burCwgrd aunHW nUM qW is`K

hI nhIN mMnxgy; ieM\ qW ieh lok pihly nON gurUUAW nUM vI is`K nhIN mMnxgy, ikauNik aunHW ny vI qW ieh kivqwvW nhIN pVHIAW hoxIAW[

AKOqI soDk kmytI dw mslw

ieh prcwirAw jWdw hY ik 1897-1902 ivc ies nUM iek AKOqI „soDk kmytI‟ ny 32 bIVW vwcx mgroN AMiqm rUp id`qw sI[ ieh kmytI kI sI? 1823 qoN hI drbwr swihb „qy inrmilAW qy auydwsIAW dw kbzw sI (jo 12 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn pMQ kol AwieAw)[ aus vyly ikqwbW ilK ky Aqy Awpxy Awp nUM AYlwnIAw qOr „qy ihMdU kihx vwly Kym isMG bydI Aqy aus dy swQI pujwrI ieQy kwbz sn (ieh vI Xwd rhy k Kym isMG bydI aus prvwr nwl sbMD rKdw sI, ijhVw AYNglo-is`K lVweIAW ivc AMgryzW dw v&wdwr irhw sI, qy ijs nUM AMgryzW ny v&wdwrI dy eInwm vjoN 1878 ivc 28472 eykV zmIn id`qI sI)[ AKOqI dsmgRMQ dIAW swrIAW dIAW ilKqW ptnw vwsI inrmlw lyKkW su`Kw isMG, idAwl isMG, nvl isMG, Awqmw rwm (Akwl ausqiq qy igAwn pRboD dw lyKk; Swied jwpu dw vI) dIAW rcnwvW hn; Aqy, ieh swrIAW ilKqW 1775 dy Awly duAwly dy smyN ivc ilKIAW geIAW sn[ ieh swry inrmlw lyKk dyvI pUjk sn qy Awpxy Awp nUM ihMdU mMndy sn[ ies dw pihlw prcwr mwlkm qy kolbruk dIAW swizSW dw is`tw hY[ isMG sBw dy Asl AwgUAW (Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr: gurUmuK isMG qy igAwnI id`q isMG) ny ies AKOqI soDk kmytI nUM r`d kIqw sI[ dUjw, ies kmytI ny „AKOqI dsmgRMQ isr& ienHW bIVW dy pwT Byd dw &rk soiDAw sI[ aunHW ny ies ikqwb nUM gurUu rcnw swibq nhIN kIqw sI[

BweI mnI isMG dI jwAlI ic`TI

dsmgMQIey Awpxy h`k ivc iek ic`TI dw shwrw lYNdy hn ijs nUM auh BweI mnI isMG dI ilKI kihx dI hrkq krdy hn[ ies ic`TI dI AMdrUnI gvwhI hI kihMdI hY ik ieh JUTI hY[ (1) ic`TI ivc koeI swl nhIN hY; ivswK 22 iliKAw hY; jwx buJ ky swl nhIN iliKAw vrnw aus nwl vI Byd KulH jwxw sI[ (2) ic`TI dw lyKk qwp dI kQw do vwr suxdw hY qW jo bImwrI dUr ho sky (kI BweI mnI isMG kQw sMkt mocn Sbd dw pujwrI ho skdw hY?)[ (3) “bMdw mukiq hoie Bwg gieAw hY” inrI g`p hY[ bMdw isMG isr& iek vwr dsMbr 1715 ivc gurdws nMgl ivc

PiVAw igAw sI qy 9 jUn 1716 nUM ShId kIqw igAw sI[ auh kdy kYd ivcoN nhIN B`j sikAw sI[ jy aus dy lohgVH ivcoN bc ky inklx dI g`l hY qW auh qwrI^ 30 nvMbr 1710 sI; qy ieh ic`TI aus smyN dI nhIN ho skdI (4) iPr jy ies JUTI g`l nUM vI swhvyN r`iKAw jwvy qW ieh ^q mwrc 1716 qoN pihlW dw hoxw cwhIdw hY[ ies p`KoN vI ieh g`p swibq huMdI hY[ 1710 ivc jd bhwdr Swh ny is`KW dw kqlyAwm krn dw hukm id`qw sI qW audoN BweI mnI isMG sxy swry jxy gurUU-dw-c`k C`f ky, dUr-durwfy ipMfW ivc cly gey sn; so “mMdr kI syvw myN koeI Awlk nhIN” inrw JUT hY[ (5) “ibnod isMG dy puqryly dw hukm squ hoie gieAw hY” vI JUT hY

ibnod isMG dw koeI muqbMnw pu`qr nhIN sI[ (6) hMdwlIAW dw muZlW nwl rl ky is`KW dI mu^lw&q krn dI kwrvweI 1723 qoN bwAd dI hY[ (7) ic`TI ivc poQIAW

„mwqw jI‟ nUM Byjx dIAW g`lW hn jd ik prcwr ieh kIqw igAw hY ik ieh sMpwdn BweI mnI isMG ny kIqw sI[ jy mnI isMG ny „sMpwdn‟ krnw sI qW aus nUM ieh sB id`lI Byjx dI ko loV sI? iPr aus lok vwips sB ikvyN pu`jw? auh Awp qW ies mgroN id`lI kdy vI igAw hI nhIN sI[(8) „hukm squ‟ pMjwb dI nhIN pUrbI bolI hY[ bwkI dI bolI vI 1710 qy 1716 dI nhIN hY[ so ieh ic`TI inrI g`p hY, 100% &I sdI JUT hY[ ijs ny vI ieh nklI ic`TI iqAwr kIqI sI, clo bolI pMjwb dI nw hox dIAW ZlqIAW Aqy bwrIk inb nwl ilKx dIAW g`lW nUM jy C`f vI dyeIey qW vI aus ivcwry nUM qvwrI^ dw zrw mwsw vI ielm nhIN sI, vrnw AYnIAW bjr ZlqIAW nw krdw[ ieh ic`TI 1929-30 ivc iqAwr kIqI geI sI qy ies nUM dsmgRMQI igAwnI hrnwm isMG ny prcwirAw sI[iPr Asl ic`TI iksy kol vI nhIN; jy huMdI qW 1929-30 dy kwZz qoN hI g`p swibq ho jwxI sI[

dsmgRMQI toly ny ies ic`TI nUM iqAwr krn dy nwl-nwl ieh prcwr krnw vI SurU kr id`qw sI ik gurUu goibMd isMG swihb dw iliKAw swrw BMfwrw 6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn srsw ndI pwr krn l`igAW ndI ivc Awey hVH ivc ruVH igAw sI[ iksy ny ieh nw soicAw ik dsMbr ivc ndI ivc hVH ik`QoN Aw skwdw sI? ieh swrIAW g`pW inrmilAW ny ies kUVy kbwVy nUM gurUu dy nW nw joVn vwsqy GVIAW sn[

dsm gRMQ dunIAW dI Dwrimk qwrI^ ivc sB qoN v`fI swizS hY

gurUU goibMd isMG swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux qoN qkrIbn pOxy do sO swl mgroN bicqr nwtk (AKOqI dsm gRMQ) nUM aunHW dI ilKq dy qOr ‟qy pyS krn dIAW koiSSW SurU hoeIAW sn[ ies nUM AMgryzW ny is`KW nUM aulJx ivc pwaux Aqy ihMdU lyKkW ny is`KI nUM bdnwm krn vwsqy Aijhw prcwr SurU kIqw sI[ ies ikqwb dIAW rcnwvW bVIAW GtIAw drjy dIAW hn qy aunHW ivc gurUU swihb dI S^sIAq nUM burI qrHW bdnwm kIqw igAw hY[ hux i&rkU ihMdU jmwq rwStr soiem syvk sMG qy hor is`K duSmx jmwqW ny is`KW ivcoN kwlIAW ByfW l`B ky ies dw prcwr SurU kIqw hoieAw hY[ AKOqI dsm gRMQ ivc inrmilAW Aqy hor kvIAW dIAW ilKIAW rcnwvW dy nwl inrmilAW ny AwpxIAW ilKqW pw ky ienHW nUM gurUU swihb dIAW ilKqW swibq krn dI koiSS kIqI[

gurUU goibMd isMG swihb ies dunIAW ivc 46 swl 9 mhIny qy 18 idn rhy (mYN gurUU swihb dw jnm 1661 dw mMndw hW 1666 dw nhIN)[ ieh swrw smW gurUU jI vwsqy j`dojihd dw sI[ Swied koeI mhInw hI Aijhw hovy jd gurUU jI nUM iksy Aihm msly nwl do-cwr nw hoxw ipAw hoovy[ cOdW swl dI aumr ivc gurg`dI sMBwlx dy idn qoN AwpxI ShIdI qk, 33 swl lgwqwr, auh iek iksm dy mYdwny jMg ivc rhy sn[

1678 ivc aunHW ny gurUU gRMQ swihb dw srUp mukMml krvwieAw[ aunHW 52 kvIAW qy hor mhwn &nkwrW nUM srprsqI id`qI[ aunHW do ngr (pwauNtw swihb qy AnMdpur swihb) vswey[ aunHW ny phwVI rwijAW nUM jrvwixAW qoN keI vwr bcwieAw[ aunHW ny Aihswn-&rwmoS phwVI rwijAW qy muZl &OjW dy hmilAW dw keI vwr mUMh qoiVAw[ 1688 qoN 1708 qk aunHW ny qkrIbn 20 vwr, „Awdm-boA‟ krdIAW zwlm &OjW dw twkrw kIqw[ do v`fy muZl bwdSwhW (AOrMgzyb qy bhwdr Swh), srhMd dy dihSqgrd sUbydwr vzIr ^wn, mlyrkotlw qy ropV dIAW dIAW &OjW, keI iklHydwrW, &OjdwrW, iblwspur, hMfUr (nwlwgVH), gVHvwl Aqy keI hor ihMdU irAwsqW dy hwkmW qy rjvwiVAW dy hmilAW dw mUMh moiVAw[

gurUU swihb ny pUrb ivc ptnw qoN lY ky bwbw bkwlw qk, mwlvw, bWgr dys, mwJw, dUn, doAwbw Aqy hor ielwikAW ivc Drm prcwr kIqw[ A^Ir ivc Awp ny qlvMfI swbo qoN bGOr qy iPr id`lI qoN nMdyV qk dw s&r kIqw qy ies dOrwn Drm prcwr vI kIqw[ gurUU jI dI izMdZI dw iek-iek pl, iek-iek lmhw, j`dojihd, s&r, pRcwr jW iksy hor AYkSn ivc ru`iJAw irhw[

dUjw Aihm svwl ieh hY ik hr iek is`K dy mn ivc AwauNdw hY ik jy ieh dsmgRMQ is`KW dw gRMQ sI qW kdy iksy is`K rwjy ny ies dw nW nhIN ilAw; kvI sMqoK isMG, kuier isMG, igAwnI igAwn isMG, sYnwpqI kvI „dsmgRMQ‟ l&z dw izkr qk nhIN krdy, isMG sBw lihr (1873) ny ies nUM pRcwirAw nhIN; AkwlI dlW ny ies dI kdy g`l nhIN kIqI sI; hor qW hor pihlW iksy fyry (sxy iBMfrW gurU`p dy fyry: cOk mihqw, sMgrwvW, s`qovwlI, lMmw j`tpurw) ny ies AKOqI gRMQ vwsqy kdy vI, zrw-mwsw vI, muihMm ikauN nhIN clweI sI? ies dw pRcwr 2006 ivc ikauN SurU hoieAw? ies dy do muK kwrn hn:

(1) gurUU gRMQ swihb qoN qoVn dI swizS

2004 ivc is`KW ny gurUU gRMQ swihb dy iqAwr hox dI cOQI SqwbdI mnweI sI Aqy 2008 ivc ies dI gurUg`dI dI qIjI SqwbdI mnwaux jw rhy sn[ ies nwl dunIAW Br dy lokW ivc „Sbd gurUU‟ dI AhmIAq dw pRcwr hoxw sI[ „Sbd gurUU‟ dw &ls&w dunIAW ivc iksy Drm kol nhIN Aqy Drm Aqy &ls&y ivc ies qoN aupr koeI g`l nhIN ho skdI[ ies nUM CuitAwaux vwsqy dunIAW Br ivc swzsW GVIAW geIAW sn[

sB qoN pihlI swzS Kwlsy dI qIjI SqwbdI (1999) qoN iek dm bwAd GVI geI sI ijs hyT is`KW ivc swDW dy v`g pYdw kIqy gey; aunHW dw pRcwr qy prswr kIqw igAw; mIfIAw Aqy is`K ivroDI AdwirAW rwhIN aunHW nUM is`KW ivc kwiem krn vwsqy swrw zor lwieAw igAw[ swDW dw ijMnw pRcwr ies kwl ivc hoieAw sI auh pihlW kdy nhIN hoieAw sI Aqy ies dw isr& ieko-iek kwrn sI: “is`KW ivc gurUU gRMQ swihb Aqy 10 gurUUAW dy SrIk pYdw kIqy jwx; dUjw is`KW dw srmwieAw ienHW swDW dy fyirAW „qy p`ujy aqy is`K gurUduAwirAW nUM C`f ky fyirAW nwl juV jwx[ ies pRwjYkt ivc swrIAW is`K duSmx iDrW ny rol Adw kIqw Aqy

bhuq v`fI kwmXwbI hwisl kIqI [ Aj pMjwb ivc Gto Gt 25 fyry Aijhy hn ijnHW dI AwmdnI drbwr swihb qoN ikqy vD hY Aqy 500 fyry Aijhy hn ijnHW dI Awmdn bhuq v`fy qvwrI^I gurUduAwirAW qoN vI vD hY[ pMjwb dy SihrW Aqy swFy bwrW hzwr ipMfW ivc 15000 dy krIb gurUdAwry hn pr fyirAW dI igxqI ienHW qoN ikqy vD hY[ dUjw ienHW dIAW zmInW Aqy AwmdnW gurUduAwirAW dIAW kul AwmdnW qoN bhuq hI vD hn[ is`KW nUM gurUduAwirAW qoN fyirAW ivc lY jwxw is`K duSmxW dI bhuq bhuq v`fI kwmXwbI hY[ rwDwsuAwmI, nwmDwrI, nUrmihlIAw, srsw fyrw, BinAwrw vZYrw dIAW kwrvweIAW ies swzS qoN vK hn[

dUjI swizS 2006 ivc GVI geI ijs hyT AKoqI dsmgRMQ nW dI ikqwb nUM gurUU gRMQ swihb dy brwbr ilAwaux dI krqUq kIqI geI[ 13 nvMbr 2006 dy idn idAwlpurw BweIkw ivc dsmgRMQ nUM gurUU gRMQ swihb dy brwbr r`K ky pwT kIqy gey qy gurUU dw iek hor SrIk pYdw kIqw igAw[ iek pwsy r`b, nwm, BgqI dw pwT ho irhw sI qy dujy pwsy rwm, ikRSn, rudr, nyhklMkI, ivSnU qy durgw dIAW is&qW aucwrIAW jw rhIAW sn qy jW iPr kwm, Bog krn dy v`K-v`K AwsnW Aqy swzSW GVn dy qrIikAW dw pwT kIqw jw irhw sI[ kys dwVHI r`K ky, p`gW bMnH ky ies kMjr hrkq krn vwilAW nUM zrw mwsw vI Srm nw AweI[ pr, aunHW dI rUh ivc m`sw rMGV dw vwsw ho cukw sI; aunHW dy AMdr kwmI dyviqAW dIAW rUhW dw fyrw vs cukw sI[ gurUU „qy ies qoN v`fw hmlw kI ho skdw sI?

2. ^udmu^iqAwrI dw Aihsws dI g`l ^qm krn dI swizS

ies dsm gRMQ nW dI ikqwb nUM is`KW ivc pRcwrn dw dUjw kwrn ieh sI ik is`KW dw bhuq v`fw ih`sw Kwilsqwn, Awzwd is`K mulk, ^udmu^iqAwrI dw ihmwieqI sI; audoN qW 99% is`K AwzwdI cwhuMdy sn (hux ieh igxqI bhuq Gt hY, ikauN GtI hY ies svwl dw jvwb dyx vwsqy iek vKrw qy v`fw lyK ilKWgw)[ is`KW ivc ^udmu^iqAwrI dI mMg dy ip`Cy muK kwrn ieh sI ik auh Awpxy Awp nUM v`Krw Drm, vKrI kOm qy vKrI nsl mMndy hn[ ienHW nUM ^udmu^iqAwrI Aqy Kwilsqwn qoN htwaux vwsqy „is`KW ivc vKrypx qy inAwrypx dw Aihsws‟ ^qm krn vwsqy iek pwsy ^u&IAw Aqy dUjy pwsy zwhrw lihr clweI geI sI[ ipCly 50 swl qoN hI, pr Kws kr ky 1997 qoN bwdl srkwr dy vyly qoN, Awr.AYs.AYs., ihMdU pRISd, BwrqI jnqw pwrtI, iSv sYnw qy hor i&rkU ihMdU pwrtIAW, jmwqW Aqy AdwirAW ny is`KW nUM ihMdU kihx qy pRcwrn dI muihMm zorW SorW nwl SurU kr r`KI sI[pr dUjy pwsy is`K imSnrIAW, ivdvwnW Aqy pRcwrkW ny ies dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw Aqy 1981 dy „is`K vKrI kOm hY‟ dy AYlwn-nwmy nUM ^Ub prcwirAw- ies nwl ieh i&rkU ihMdU p`qw burI qrHW PylH ho igAw[

(3) Qrf eyjMsI dI plwinMg

A^Ir is`K duSmx „Qrf eyjMsI‟ ny bhuq sUKm hiQAwr vrqx dI plwn bxweI; auh sI dsmgRMQ dw pRcwr[ dsm gRMQ nUM pRcwrn dw mksd kwlpink ihMdU

AvqwrW dIAW kQw khwxIAW, aunHW dy kwrnwmy, aunHW dI qwkq, aunHW dIAW is&qW suxwauxw Aqy ienHW dyvI dyviqAW vwsqy is`KW ivc SrDw Brnw[ ies mksd dI pUrqI vwsqy keI Aihm AYkSn kIqy gey, ijnHW ivcoN kuJ ieh hn:

1. ieh pRcwr kIqw igAw ik gurUU gRMQ swihb Drm hY Aqy dsmgRMQ isAwsq; gurUU gRMQ swihb drbwr swihb hY Aqy dsmgRMQ Akwl q^q; gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc SWqI hY Aqy dsmgRMQ ivc roh hY; Xwin dsmgRMQ qoN ibnw gurUU gRMQ swihb ApUrn hY[ dsmgRMQ ivc 95% kI hY, ieh mYN SurU ivc ds AwieAw hW), pr ienHW ny dsmgRMQ nUM isr& iek sONqn hI nhIN sgON mhwrwxI dy rUp ivc pyS kIqw igAw[

2. ieh pRcwr kIqw igAw ik dsmgRMQ dw iek pwT gurUU gRMQ swihb dy 10, 20, 100 pwT dy brwbr hY, Xwin gurUU gRMQ swihb Cotw hY[

3. gurUduAwirAW ivc, ^ws kr ky drbwr swihb ivc, AKoqI dsmgRMQ dIAW kivqwvW nUM kIrqn vjoN gwauxw SurU kIqw igAw[ dsmgRMQ ivcoN kivqwvW nw gwaux

vwly rwgIAW nUM drbwr swihb ivc kIrqn dyxw AxAYlwny qOr „qy bMd kIqw igAw[

4. swD toly rwhIN gurUU gRMQ swihb dI bwxI dw kIrqn bMd krvw ky jW Gtw ky aunHW nUM ssqIAW kivqwvW qy gwixAW dw „kIrqn‟ SurU krvwieAw igAw[ A`j

90% swD kivqwvW suxwauNdy hn, gurUbwxI dw kIrqn nhIN krdy Aqy lokW nUM mUrK bxwaux vwsqy ieh kihMdy hn ik gurUbwxI muSikl hY lokW nUM smJ nhIN AwauNdI qy kivqwvW smJ Aw jWdIAW hn; iPr hor pwp ieh krdy hn ik kivqwvW nUM „k`cI bwxI‟ kih ky bwxI dy nyVy dw drjw dy dyNdy hn[[

5. hux keI gurUduAirAW ivc AKoqI dsmgRMQ dw „pRkwS‟ vI kr id`qw igAw[ pihlW isr& kWgrs srkwr dy pRbMD hyTly nMdyV Aqy ptnw ivc dsmgRMQ ipAw hoieAw sI jW id`lI dy srkwrI swD ivrsw isMG dy fyry „qy sI[ pr 2006 qoN bwAd „Qrf eyjMsI‟ rwhIN cOk mihqw Aqy hor keI fyirAW ivc ies dw pRkwS krvw id`qw igAw hY[

is`K sMgqW nUM gurUU gRMQ swihb qoN ieh qrIky vrq ky qoiVAw igAw hY[

dsmgRMQ dw Asr kI hovygw?

Qrf eyjMsI dI plwn sI ik dsmgRMQ dy pRcwr qy pRswr mgroN hOlI-hOlI is`KW ivc ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW vwsqy SrDw Awpxy-Awp bxdI jwvygI Aqy 10-20 swl qk kuJ gurUduAwirAW ivc rwm ikRSn dIAW mUrqIAW kwiem krn dw rsqw sw& ho jwvygw (ies dI SurUAwq mnIkrn, lCmxcylw rwm dy fyry Aqy cmn lwl dy fyry qoN kr id`qI geI hY)[ ies dw bhwnw ieh bxwieAw jwvygw ik “vyKo jI dsmgRMQ ivc ienHW dyvI dyviqAW dw izkr hY[” iBMfrW-mihqw jQw Aqy hor inrmlw fyirAW dI rihrws ivc qW pihlW hI ienHW dyvI dyviqAW dIAW is&qW dw

„pwT‟ hoxw SurU ho cukw hY, imswl vjoN:

rwm vwsqy:

dohrw: rwm kQw jug jug Atl sB koeI BwKq nyq] surg bws rGubr krw sgrI purI smyq]1]

cOpeI ]jo ieh kQw sunY Aru gwvY] dUK pwp iqh inkt nw AwvY]

ivSnU vwsqy:

ibsn Bgq kI ey Pl hoeI] AwiD bXwiD CÍYY skY n koeI] qÍpRswid kir gRMQ suDwrw] Bul prI lhu lyhu suDwrw]2] dohrw: nyqR quMg ky crn qr squdRv qIr qrMg]

sRI Bgvq pUrn kIXo rGubr kQw pRsMg]3 (rwm Avqwr, bMd 858-862)

mwqw (iSv dI vhutI pwrbqI) vwsqy:

ikRpw krI hm pr jg mwqw] gRMQ krw pUrn suB rwqw] iklibK skl dyh ko hrqw] dust doKIAn ko CY krqw]26] sRI AsDuj jb Bey dieAwlw] pUrn krw gRMQ qqkwlw] bWCq Pl pwvY soeI] dUK n iqsY ibAwpq koeI] 27] (cirqropwKXwn, cirqR 405, bMd 26-27)

ieM\ hI ikRSn, iSv, hnUmwn qy keI hor dyvI dyviqAW dI pUjw dI isikAw vI dsmgRMQ ivc imldI hY[

ieM\ AKOqI dsmgRMQ dy pRcwr qy pRswr nwl is`KW qy ihMdUAW ivclw &rk hOlI-hOlI imt jwvygw Aqy is`KW ivc inAwrwpx Aqy ^udmu^iqAwrI, Kwilsqwn, vKrw mulk, vKrI kOm dw nW inSwn imt jwvygw ikauNik jd dyvI dyvqy iek hn qW &rk kwhdw? ieh sUKm hiQAwr kwmXwb hoieAw Aqy Qrf eyjMsI ny Awpxy eyjMtW rwhIN dsmgRMQ nUM is`KW ivc kwiem kIqw hY[ ieh nhIN ik dsmgRMQ dy swry pRcwrk Qrf eyjMsI dy qn^whdwr hn, kuJ bysmJ qy mUrK vI hn ijnHW dy

„brynvwS‟ kr ky aunHW nUM nIm ihMdU soc v`l tor id`qw igAw hY[ aunHW nUM pqw hI nhIN lg irhw ik auh ikvyN is`K duSmx eyjMsIAW dI cwl ivc Ps ky is`KI nUM ^qm kr ky ihMdU muKDwrw dw ih`sw bx rhy hn[

dunIAW dy bhuqy ivdvwn, sxy ihMdU ivdvwnW dy, rwm qy ikRSn nUM kwlpink ikqwbW dy hIro mMndy hn[ dUjy pwsy, gurUU gRMQ swihb qW ienHW bwry ikhw hY ik: “jugh jugh ky rwjy kIey gwvih kir AvqwrI] iqn BI AMqu n pwieAw qw kw ikAw kir AwiK vIcwrI ]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 422-23)[ gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc rwm qy ikRSn nUM r`b qW kI mMnxw sgoN keI jgh aunHW dIAW ie^lwkI kmzorIAW dw izkr vI AwauNdw hY:

ikRSn bwry :

“juj mih joir ClI cMdRwvil kwn@ ik®snu jwdmu BieAw] pwrjwqu gopI lY AwieAw ibMdRwbn mih rMgu kIAw]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 470; hor vyKo: gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 559)[

“sglI QIiq pwis fwir rwKI] Astm QIiq goivMd jnmwsI] Brim BUly nr krq kcrwiex] jnm mrx qy rhq nwrwiex] kir pMjIru KvwieE cor] Ehu jnim n mrY ry swkq For] sgl prwD dyih loronI] so muKu jlau ijqu khih

Twkuru jonI] jnim n mrY n AwvY n jwie] nwnk kw pRBu rihE smwie]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1136)[

rwm bwry:

“rovY rwmu inkwlw BieAw] sIqw lKmxu ivCuiV gieAw]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 953-54);

“rwmu JurY dl mylvY AMqir blu AiDkwr ] bMqr kI sYnw syvIAY min qin juJu Apwru ] … mn mih JUrY rwmcMdu sIqw lCmxu jogu] hxvMqru AwrwiDAw

AwieAw kir sMjogu]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1412).

“pWfy qumrw rwmcMdu, so BI Awvqu dyiKAw Qw] rwvn syqI srbr hoeI, Gr kI joie gvweI QI]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 874-75)[

gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc rwm cMdr qy rwm (r`b) dw &rk vI sw& kIqw hoieAw hY, ijvyN

“kbIr rwm khn mih Bydu hY, qw mih eyku ibcwru] soeI rwmu sBY khih, soeI kauqkhwr]” (gurUU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1375)

(gurUU gRMQ swihb ivc ieho ijhy hor hvwly vI mOjUd hn)[

Qrf eyjMsIAW dIAW kuJ kwmXwbIAW

Qrf eyjMsI dw sB qoN v`fw hwisl (kwmXwbI) ieh hY ik dssmgRMQI tolw ^udmu^iqAwrI dI g`l krnoN qkrIbn ht hI igAw hY[ aunHW dI 99% qwkq dsmgRMQ dw pRcwr Aqy pRswr krn jW gurUU grMQ swihb dy ihmwieqIAW (Xwin dsmgRMQ dy ivroDIAW) dy i^lw& pRcwr krn vwsqy lgdI hY Aqy AYvyN idKwvy vwsqy zrw mwsw Kwilsqwn dw nW lY lYNdy hn; keI qW Kwilsqwn dw nW vI iblkul hI nhIN lYNdy[

dUjw ieh lok is`KI dy Asly, is`K jIvn jwc, is`LI dy lwswnIpx dI qW iblkul g`l hI nhIN krdy[ aunHW dIAW swrIAW kwrvweIAW bRwhmxI qy krm kWfI ho cukIAW hn[ aunHW ny gurUduAwirAW nUM „is`K mMdr‟ bx ilAw hY qy auQy joqW jgdIAW hn, „KMf pwT‟ huMdy hn, 90 qrHW dy lMgr lgdy hn, ngr kIrqn dy nW

„qy v`fy-v`fy jlUs k`Fy jWdy hn, v`fy v`fy kIrqn drbwr qy AKOqI-sMq smwgm huMdy hn; ies idKwvy Aqy frwmy ivc kOm dw swrw pYsw qy qwkq ^qm kIqI jw rhI hY qy is`K nUM aulJw ky, Buclw ky, gumw ky kr ky is`KW nUM Asl is`KI qoN dUr kr id`qw

igAw hY[ ienHW cODrIAW ny Awpxy ieMqzwm hyTly gurUduAwry iek iksm dIAW mw&IAw kmytIAW dIAW Dwrimk kl`bW bxw id`qy hn[

Qrf eyjMsI dI qIjI v`fI kwmXwbI is`KW ivc sMgrWdw, m`isAw Aqy pUrnmwsIAW nUM “is`K Dwrimk idhwVy” vjoN kwiem krn dI hoeI hY[ 2003 ivc iek kYlMfr rwhIN cwlwkI nwl „is`KW dIAW sMgrWdW‟ kwiem kr id`qIAW geIAW

Aqy ienHW sMgrWdw vZYrw nUM is`K purb grdwn ky Akwl q^q Aqy SromxI gurUduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI hI nhIN blik kuJ imSnrI kwljW Aqy Awpxy Awp nUM lwswnI is`KI dy AlMbrdwr AKvwaux vwilAW dI mnzUrI vI idvw id`qI geI sI[ aus nwl iek nvW ibkrmI sMmq dw BweI kwiem kr id`qw igAw sI (hux aus nUM qkrIbn ^qm kr ky purwxw SurU kr id`qw igAw hY)[

dsmgRMQ ny scmuc jIvn bdilAw

ies dsmgRMQ dI iek is&q qW mMnxI pvygI ik ies dw Asr bhuq zbrdsq hY; sw& nzr Aw irhw hY ik ies nUM pVHn jW mMnx vwilAW izMdgI ivc bVI v`fI qbdIlI AweI hY[ ij`Qy gurUU gRMQ swihb dI isiKAw ivc nwm, BgqI, ipAwr, imTws, inmrqw dIAW g`lW hn auQy AKOqI dsmgRMQ ivc n&rq, gu`sw, swzSW, T`gI, byeImwnI, hmly, lVweIAW, guMfwgrdI, kwm qy ivBcwr qy kMjrpuxw, pwp, kUV dIAW g`lW hn; Aqy, AKOqI dsmgRMQ nUM mMnx vwilAW dy jIvn ivc ieh swrw kuJ pUrI qrHW smw igAw hY; auh DmkIAW, hmly, n&rq dI bolI, swzSW, byeImwnIAW ivc sV-gl rhy hn[ ikqy fw hrijMdr isMG idlgIr nUM kql krn dIAW DmkIAW iml rhIAW hn, ikqy joigMdr isMG spoksmYn nUM DmkwieAw jw irhw hY, ikqy gurb^S isMG kwlw A&Zwnw, gurcrn isMG ijaUxvwlw qy drSn isMG rwgI dy i^lw& jMg CyVI hoeI hY; Aqy, ieMdr isMG G`gw qW ienHW dy guMifAW h`QoN do vwr n`k BMnw cukw hY[ ieM\ hI AKOqI dsmgRMQ dy ihmwieqI ikqy (DnvMq isMG p`lI iJ`kI, Amr isMG bVUMdI, dljIq isMG iSkwgo, mwn isMG iphovw, l`fU isMG, Gwlw isMG) kuJ kql, ryp, auDwly zmIn nUM hVpx dy dy kysW ivc Psy hoey hn, kuJ kql dI swzS dy; Xwin ies AKOqI dsmgRMQ nUM pVHn vwly cirqropwKXwn vrgw jIvn jIA rhy hn[ so, AKOqI dsmgRMQ ny „kmwl‟ dI dyx id`qI hY[ kdy gurUU gRMQ swihb pVHn vwly vI DmkIAW, guMfwgrdI, swzSW krdy hn? nhIN, iek vI Gtnw AijhI nhIN –- ieh sB AKOqI dsmgRMQ dI hI „mhwn‟ dyx hY[

smu`cy qOr „qy ieh ikhw jw skdw hY ik dsmgRMQ muK qOr „qy durgw/BgauqI/cMfI, rwm, ikRSn, cOvI AvqwrW, iSv (mhWdyv) Aqy ivSnU dI pUjw dw imlgoBw, kwm dyvqw dIAW ivlwsqw BrIAW KyfW Aqy niSAW dy mwxn dw gRMQ hY[ dsm gRMQ dunIAW Br dI Dwrimk qwrI^ ivc sB qoN v`fw pwp hY[ gurUU gRMQ swihb nwl dsm gRMQ dw mukwblw krn qoN ieM\ lgdw hY ijvyN iksy ny AMimRq dy bwty ivc zihr Gol id`qw hovy; ksqUrI ivc qMbwkU imlw id`qw hovy, Aqy, Pu`lW dy rs qy Aqr Pulyl ivc ivStw pw id`qI hovy[ byhd Srm dI g`l hY ik kuJ lok ies dw mukwblw gurUU gRMQ swihb nwl krdy hn Aqy ies ikqwb nUM aus dy brwbr rKdy

hn[ ieh lok ikhVw mUMh lY ky gurUU dI drgwh ivc pyS hoxgy? ies qoN v`fw pwp hor kI ho skdw hY? ies qoN v`fw pwp hor koeI nhIN ho skdw!

^ws not:

1. dsmgRMQ dIAW hQilKqW ivc iek v`fI swizS ieh vI imldI hY ik kuJ h`Q ilKqW ‘qy purwxIAW qwrI^W pw ky lokW nUM mUrK bxwieAw imldw hY[ cirqropwKXwn dI iek poQI ‘qy 1723 iliKAw vI imldw hY, jd ik kwZz qoN pqw lgdw hY ik ieh bhuq bwAd dI hY[

 

2. ieM\ hI dysw isMG inrmlw dw rihqnwmw, ijs dI rcnw dw kwl aunIvIN sdI hY, nUM gurU kwl dw d`sx Aqy BweI mnI isMG dw pu`qr bxwaux dI swizS vI rcI geI sI[

 

3. koier isMG, su`Kw isMG, sUrq isMG (is`KW dI Bgqmwlw dw Asl lyKk), sMqoK isMG, sMq isMG igAwnI dw pu`qr gurmuK isMG qy drbwrw isMG (‘guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN’ dy Asl lyKk) sB inrmly sn qy dsmgRMQ toly dw ih`sw sn[

 

4. pMfq kysr isMG iCbr Aqy srUp dws B`lw inrmilAW dy hI swQI sn[ srUp isMG kOiSS (lyKk gurU kIAW swKIAW), ijs ny AwpxIAW ilKqW dw bRwhmxIkrn kIqw[ ienHW sB ny is`K qvwrI^ burI qrHW ivgwVI sI Aqy inrmilAW dy bicqr nwtk (aur& dsmgRMQ) dIAW kivqwvW nUM gurU rcnw pRcwrn dI swizS dw ih`sw bxy sn[

dsmgRMQ bwry ivdvwn pihlW cup ikauN rhy?

ieh svwl kIqw jw skdw hY ik is`K rihq mirAwdw bxwaux vyly jW inqnym qy pwhul dIAW bwxIAW nIAq krn vyly, iksy ivdvwn ny iqMn kivqwvW (jwpu, svYXy, cOpeI) bwry ieqrwz ikauN nhIN auTwieAw jW ienHW „qy ikMqU ikauN nhIN kIqw? ies dw kwrn ieh hY ik BwvyN ieh ikqwb (dsmgRMQ) ATHwrvIN sdI dy A^Ir ivc iqAwr ho cukI sI Aqy inrmlw soDk kmytI ny ies dw Aw^rI rUp 1902 ivc iqAwr kr ilAw sI, pr ieh Awm lokW qk kdy nhIN sI pu`jI[ lokW ivc isr& jwpu qy svYXy, Akwl ausqiq, cOpeI vZYrw hI prcwry gey sn (ikauNik ienHW dI bolI sOKI sI qy bwxI vW| pVHy jW gwey jw skdy sn) Aqy cOpeI qW bhuq hI AwswnI nwl cyqy kIqI jw skdI sI[ ieM\ hI bicqr nwtk ivcoN „qhI pRkws hmwrw BXo, ptnw sihr ivKy Bv lXo‟ FolkI ku`t ku`t ky gwey jwx nwl lokW nUM zbwnI Xwd ho igAw sI (auh smJdy sI ik gurUu jI dw ptny dw jnm hox kr ky ieh shI hI hovygw)[ iesy qrHW kuJ inhMg j`iQAW nUMu su`Kw ipAw-ipAw ky „cMfI/ durgw dyvI dI vwr dy Goty luAwey gey[ ies nwl auh bysmJI ivc durgw/cMfI dy aupwSk bx gey sn[

gurduAwirAW „qy inrmilAW dw kbzw hox kr ky ieh AYny pRclq ho gey ik ieh Awm lokW dI mwniskqw (swiekI) ivc ieM\ Swiml ho gey ijvyN ik ieh scmuc bwxI hox; lok ibnW socy smJy ies nUM gurUu rcnw mMnx lg pey (ijvyN lokW ny

 

ipCly kuJ swlW qoN Akwl q^q dy AKOqI „jQydwr‟ dw nklI qy nwjwiez Ahudw s`c mMn ilAw)[

ies mwhOl kwrn iksy ivdvwn qk nUM vI ies DoKy dw i^Awl qk nw AwieAw[ iesy kr ky ieh pwhul Aqy inqnym dIAW bwxIAW dw ih`sw bx gey[ ieh ikqwb ivdvwnW kol audoN qk nhIN pu`jI jd qk ieh pRYs ivc Cp ky nw Aw geI[ ies dw pRYs Cwpw vIhvIN sdI dy A`D qoN mgroN AwieAw sI[ sB qoN pihlW 1965 ivc rqn isMG j`gI ny AwpxI pI.AYs-fI. dw QIiss ilK ky ies dI AslIAq nUM zwihr kr ky ies nUM bynkwb kIqw sI[ ies mgroN ivdvwnW ny ies nUM pVHnw SurU kIqw Aqy igAwnI Bwg isMG, mihdr isMG joS, jgmohn isMG igAwnI qy ipRMsIpl hrBjn isMG ny ies sbMDI ikqwbW Aqy lyK ilK ky pMQ nUM jwgrUk kIqw[ hux hOlI-hOlI swry ivdvwnW nUM ies dw cwnx ho igAw Aqy auh kurlw auTy ik auh iks pwp nUM gurUu nwl joV rhy sn[ ieh gu`sw audON qU&wn dw rUp Dwrn kr igAw jd nvMbr 2006 ivc inrmlw toilAW, fyirAW, Awr.AYs.AYs. dy dsmgRMQ mw&IAw ny ies swkq ikqwb nUM gurUu gRMQ swhb dy brwbr pRkwS kr ky ies dw AKOqI AKMf pwT kr ky ies nUM gurUu gRMQ swihb dI sONkx bxwaux dw kdm auTwieAw[ 9 nvMbr 2006 dy idn „spoksmYn‟ A^bwr ivc Cpy ieSiqhwr ny ies swizS nUM bynkwb kr ky lokW ivc jwgrqI ilAWdI Aqy is`K pMQ is`KI „qy kIqy gey ies v`fy hmly dy i^lw& auT KVw hoieAw Aqy ies kUV ikqwb nUM r`d kr id`qw[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr

{ies swrI sm`grI dw kwpI rweIt fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr dw hY}

bMdw isMG bhwdr dw muFlw jIvn
bMdw isMG dw KMfy dI pwhul lYxw smwxw ’qy kbzw
sFOrw dI &qih mu^ilsgVH/lohgVH ’qy kbzw
c`pV icVI dI lVweI
srhMd ‘c pihlw Kwlsw rwj
id`lI ivc dihSq
lwhOr ’qy hmlw is`KW dy i^lw& jhwd
bwdSwh v`loN is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm rwhoN dI lVweI
is`KW koloN srhMd dw Kus jwxw
lohgVH ‘coN bMdw isMG dw bc ky inklxw
is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw hukm jwrI krnw
muZlW v`loN AjIq isMG pwilq nUM vrqxw jMmU qy jlMDr dy &Ojdwr mwrny
btwlw Aqy klwnOr ’qy kbzw
bhwdr Swh dI is`KW dy i^lw& lMmI muihMm
bwdSwh ny lwhOr ivc fyrw lwieAw
ihMdU rwijAW ny is`K s&Ir mwry
cwlHI is`K zmIn ivc g`f ky mwry
iblwspur dIAW ShIdIAW
bwdSwh dw pwZl hoxw qy aus dI mOq
bMdw isMG dw iPr pMjwb muVnw
&wru^sIAwr dw bwdSwh bxnw
is`KW h`QoN sForw Kusxw
BweI &qih isMG dI ShIdI sFOrw qy lohgVH iklHy Fwhuxw
bwz isMG dw bMdw isMG qoN judw hoxw
gurdws nMgl nUM SwhI &OjW dw Gyrw
bMdw isMG qy is`KW dIAW igR&qwrIAW
is`KW dw kqlyAwm
bMdw isMG dI ShIdI
‘ieh myrI mW nhIN’
bMdw isMG qy ibnod isMG dw JgVw
q`q qy bMdeI JgVy dI AslIAq
bMdw isMG ’qy lwey doSW dI s`cweI
bwbw bMdw isMG dI dyx
bMdw isMG qy ieslwm
bMdw isMG qy ihMdU rwjy qy cODrI
bMdw isMG dy i^lw& lVn vwly ihMdU jrnYl qy rjvwVy
bMdw isMG i^lw& lVn vwly muslmwn
ribMdr nwQ tYgor dI bwbw bMdw isMG bwry kivqw

 

bMdw isMG bhwdr dw muFlw jIvn

bwbw bMdw isMG iek lwswnI kmwl sI, jo koeI A&swnw nhIN blik h`f-mws dw iek s`cmuc dw ienswn sI, jo ies DrqI ‘qy jIivAw, ivcirAw qy ShId hoieAw[ pihlI vwr Aqy Asl Kwlsw rwj kwiem krn dw mwx, ies mhwn is`K jrnYl bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy aus dy swQIAW dw bxdw hY[ pMjwb dys dI s`q sO swl dI (qy BwrqI jzIry dI iek hzwr swl dI) ivdySI ZulwmI ƒ ^qm krn dw ishrw iesy mhwn hIro Aqy aus dy swQIAW isr b`Jdw hY[

bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dw jnm 16 AkqUbr 1670 dy idn, kSmIr dys dy puxC izlHw dy ipMf rjOVI (pTwnkot qoN 275 qy jMmU qoN 163 iklomItr, jo smuMdr ql qoN 2800 &ut aucw hY) ivc, bwbw rwm dyv dy Gr hoieAw sI[ aus dy mwipAW ny aus dw nW lCmx dws r`iKAw sI[ Awp dw prvwr rwjpUq ibrwdrI nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ bwbw rwm dyv ny Awpxy puqr lCmx dws ƒ rwjpUqI rvwieqW muqwibk GoVsvwrI, kuSqI, qlvwr clwauxw, qIr-AMdwzI Aqy hor mwrSl KyfW isKweIAW[ auh in`kI aumr ivc hI iSkwr Kyfx lg ipAw sI[ ienHW idnW ivc hoeI iek Gtnw ny aus dI izMdgI ivc iek Aihm qbdIlI lY AWdI[ iek vwr aus ny iek ihrnI dw iSkwr kIqw[ jd aus ny ies ihrnI nUM k`itAw qW aus nUM pqw l`gw ik auh ihrnI grBvqI sI[ aus dy pyt ivcly do b`cy aus dy swhmxy qV&-qV& ky mr gey[ ies Gtnw ny nOjvwn lCmx dws dy mn qy fMUGw Asr pwieAw[ aus ny nw isr& iSkwr hI bMd kr idqw blik auh gMum-suMm vI rihx lg ipAw[ hOlI -hOlI auh swDUAW dI sMgq vI krn lg ipAw[ ienHIN idnIN jwnkI pRswd nW dw iek swDU aus ielwky ivc AwieAw[ lCmx dws ny aus swDU dI sMgq kIqI[ auh ies jwnkI dws dy pRcwr dy Asr hyT Aw igAw Aqy aus dy nwl hI bYrwgI-swDU bx ky aus dy fyry ’qy lwhOr clw igAw[ ieh soc ky ik ikqy lCmx dws dy mwpy aus nUM l`Bdy aus dy fyry qy hI nw Aw jwx, jwnkI dws ny aus dw nW mwDo dws rK idqw[

pr, swDU jwnkI dws mwDo dws dI qs`lI nw krvw sikAw[ iek -A`D swl ie`Qy rihx mgroN, 29 mwrc 1685 dy idn, auh ksUr nyVy iek ipMf rwm QMmx ivc ivswKI dy myly ’qy igAw[ ie`Qy aus dw myl iek hor swDU rwm dws nwl hoieAw[ rwm dws aus ƒ Awpxy nwl d`Kx dI Xwqrw ’qy lY igAw[ rwm dws vI mwDo dws dI inSw nw krvw sikAw[ hux mwDo dws ny aus nUM vI C`f id`qw Aqy ihMdUAW dy AKOqI qIrQW dy c`kr lwauxy SurU kr idqy[

kuJ icr mgroN auh nwsk ngr kol pMcbtI ivc iek qWqirk AKvwauNdy XogI AOGV nwQ (bwbw lUxIAw) kol vI iqMn swl irhw[ 1691 ivc AOGV nwQ dI mOq mgroN aus ny Awpxy swQIAW Aqy cyilAW nwl d`Kx ivc fyrw kwiem kr ilAw[ auh ie`Qy keI swl irhw[ ies dOrwn auh Aksr ihMdU qIrQW ’qy vI jWdw rihMdw sI[

&rvrI 1695 ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb Drm pRcwr dy sbMD ivc Kurv`DI (hux fyhrwdUn), irSIkyS, hrduAwr qy knKl v`l gey[ ienHIN idnIN hI mwDo dws vI auDr AwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus dI mulwkwq gurU goibMd isMG swihb nwl hoeI[ gurU jI ny aus nUM bYrwg qy Xog C`f ky krm-Kyqr ivc Awaux dI isiKAw idqI[ mwDo dws Aqy gurU swihb dI mulwkwq QoVHy icr dI sI[ jy kr lCmx dws ƒ gurU swihb dI sMgq kuJ idn hor iml jWdI qW auh XkInn audoN hI is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw hMudw[

hrduAwr qoN muV ky bMdw isMG Awpxy fyry ’qy vwips clw igAw[ kuJ swl ie`Qy rihx mgroN auh nMdyV clw igAw ij`Qy aus ny Awpxw cMgw qgVw fyrw kwiem kr ilAw[ ie`Qy aus ny bhuq swry cyly iek`Ty kr ley[ jMqr-mMqr qy qWqirk qwkq dy nW ’qy aus ny lokW ivc Awpxw dbdbw kwiem kr ilAw[ ies tOhr-t`ly ny aus ƒ hMkwrI bxw idqw[ hux auh dUjy swDUAW qy PkIrW ƒ vI itckrW krn lg ipAw[ iek

Awm AwdmI dI byiezqI krnw qW aus dI roz dI Kyf sI[

bMdw isMG dw nvW jnm

jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb bhwdr Swh nwl d`Kx vl cldy-cldy burhwnpur p`ujy qW bwdSwh ƒ jMg ivc mdd vwsqy srhMd (audoN ies dw nW sIhrMd sI) dy sUbydwr vzIr ^wn dI ByjI iek v`fI rkm p`uj geI (vzIr ^wn dw Asl nW imrzw AskrI sI[ aus dw ipCokV eIrwn dw sI[ aus dw mnsb do hzwr zwq sI) [ auh bwdSwh, jo gurU goibMd isMG swihb nwl ieh vwAdw kr irhw sI ik auh srhMd dy zwlm

sUbydwr ƒ szw dyvygw, hux aus dy qOr-qrIky bdl gey[ qwpqI dirAw pwr kr ky jdoN gurU jI bwlwpur pujy qW ie`Qy aunHW dI bhwdr Swh nwl Aw^rI mulwkwq hoeI[ ieh g`l julweI 1708 dy ipCly-A`D dI hY[ jd gurU jI ƒ bwdSwh dI bdlI nIAq dw pqw lgw qW aunHW ny aus dw swQ C`f idqw Aqy nMdyV ivc ruk gey[ ie`Qy aunHW nUM pqw l`gw ik mwDo dws dw fyrw vI nzdIk hI sI[ vwips pMjwb muVn qoN pihlW Awp ny mwDo dws ƒ imlx dw &Yslw kIqw[

jd gurU jI mwDo dws dy fyry ’qy gey qW auh a~uQy nhIN sI[ aus dI ZYr-hwzrI ivc gurU jI ny bkry

Jtkw ky lMgr iqAwr kIqw qy swry isMGW ƒ CkwieAw[ mwDo dws qW ihrnI dy iSkwr mgroN SwkwhwrI ho cukw sI qy mws-m`CI ƒ s^q n&rq krdw sI[ gurU jI v`loN bkry Jtkwaux dw fyry dy syvwdwrW ny bhuq burw mnwieAw pr eynI v`fI igxqI ivc is`KW dy hMuidAW auh swDU qy XogI kuJ nw kr sky[ gurU jI ny ies qoN mgroN mwDo dws dw plMG (ijs ’qy bYT ky auh Awpxw drbwr lwieAw krdw sI) vI m`l ilAw qy bwkI is`K aunHW kol bYT gey[ byv`s hoey cyilAW ny iek swQI ƒ bwbw mwDo dws ƒ ^br dyx vwsqy Byj idqw[ QoVHI dyr mgroN mwDo dws vI a~uQy puj igAw[ aus nUM vyK ky gurU swihb ny aus nUM ikhw, “mwDo dws, AsIN qYnUM imlx Awey hW[ qUM ik`Qy igAw hoieAw sI[” ies ’qy mwDo dws boilAw, “ZrIb invwz, mYN quhwnUM nhIN jwxdw[ Awp ik`QoN Awey ho? jy qusIN mYnUM jwxdy sI qW mYnUM aufIk lYxw sI[ ieh jwnvr ikauN mwrny sI[ ieh fyrw vYSno swDUAW dw hY[” gurU jI ny aus nUM d`isAw, “mwDo dws, swfy nwl qyrI jwx-pCwx iek d&w knKl ivc hoeI sI[ aus vyly qUM swDUAW dI iek mMflI ivc sI, ijs dw muKI AOGV nwQ jogI, nwsk vwlw sI[ mwDo dws ny ieh sux ky A`K auTweI qy gurU jI v`l vyK ky boilAw, “Awp gurU goibMd isMG ho, ijnHW dy ipqw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI ny id`lI ivc jw ky Apxw blIdwn id`qw sI[” siqgurU jI ny AwiKAw,“hW mwDo dws, mYN auhI hW[” ies ‘hW’ dI Awvwz sux ky aus ny Awpxw sIs gurU jI dy pYrW ivc Jukw ky iKmw mMgI[ siqgurW iPr ikhw, “mwDo dws, qusW pu`iCAw hY ik ieh fyrw vYSno swDUAW dw sI ij`Qy jwnvr nhIN mwrny sn[ mwDo dws, mYnUM ieh pqw sI ik ieh fyrw vYSnUAW dw hY qW hI ieh jwnvr mwry hn[ mYN qYnUM jgwaux vwsqy eyQy AwieAw hW[ ieh iqMn-cwr jwnvr mrn nwl qyrw ieh fyrw iB`itAw igAw hY[ qYnUM v`fy fyry Awpxy mulk dw pqw nhIN, ij`Qy roz sYNkVy qy hzwrW mzlUm, inrdoS kohy jw rhy hn[ mYN isr& qyrw iDAwn idvwaux vwsqy ies fyry ivc AwieAw hW[” ieh sux ky mwDo dws qrHbk ky boilAw, “mYN A`j qoN idlo-jwn qoN quhwfw bMdw hW, mYnUM A`gy vwsqy kwr syvw d`so[” gurU jI muskurwey, mwDo dws dI qr& dyiKAw Aqy ikhw, “mwDo dws, bMdw ho ky iksy dI qwibAwdwrI krnw bVw AOKw hY[ bMdw auhI hY jo qn, mn, Dn mwilk dy hukm hyT kurbwn kr dyvy[”

mwDo dws hux pihlW vwlw mwDo dws nhIN sI irhw[ auh Awpxw mwx-qwx qj ky, inmwxw ho ky, gurU jI dw bMdw bx igAw sI[ siqgurW Pyr AwiKAw,“mwDo dws ieh gurU nwnk swihb dw dr hY, ies dr ’qy jo vI AwauNdw hY aus dw ipClw jnm, Drm, krm, Srm qy Brm swry jWdy rihMdy hn[” mwDo dws Pyr h`Q bMnH ky boilAw, “mhwrwj, mYnUM A`j qoN iksy qr& dI Jwk nhIN rhI[ mYN pUry qOr ’qy Awp dy dr dw bMdw bx igAw hW[” (srUp isMG kOiSS, gurU kIAW swKIAW)[

bMdw isMG dw KMfy dI pwhul lYxw

kuJ idnW mgroN, 4 sqMbr 1708 dy idn, bMdw isMG ny KMfy dI pwhul leI[ siqgurW ny Awpxy dsq mubwrk nwl aus nUM kMGw, ikrpwn, kVw, kCihrw Byt kIqy[ isr ’qy CotI dsqwr -kyskI sjw ky bYrwgI qoN isMG rUp ivc lY AWdw[ siqgurW ies nUM BweI dieAw isMG qy iqMn hor is`KW nUM lY ky Awpxy h`QIN mwDo dws nUM KMfy dI pwhul dy ky isMG sjw id`qw[ siqgurW aus dw nW bMdw isMG r`iKAw[ ies mOky ’qy isMGW ny ‘Akwl! Akwl!’ dy jYkwry gjw ky Awsmwn guMjw id`qw[ (lyKk mYks AwrQr mYkwil& ny iksy BulyKy ivc iliKAw sI ik aus dw nW gurb^S isMG r`iKAw igAw sI jo iksy vI somy ivc iliKAw nhIN imldw)[

AwrIAw smwjIAW Aqy hor i&rkU ihMdU ilKwrIAW ny iek swizS hyT bMdw isMG nUM iek ‘bYrwgI swDU’ dy qOr ’qy pyS krn dI nwjwiez qy nwkwm koiSS kIqI hY qy ieh prcwirAw hY ik aus ny KMfy dI pwhul nhIN leI sI[ ies JUT prcwr dI SurUAwq, iek i&rkU ihMdU lyKk BweI prmw nMd ny, 1925 ivc, iek ihMdI ikqwb bMdw bYrwgI ilK ky kIqI sI[(ieh prmw nMd Awpxy Awp nUM BweI mqI dws ShId dI kol coN dsdw sI pr ieh shI nhIN hY[ prmw nMd, bMdw isMG nwl ShId hox vwly, BweI rwey isMG hzUrI qoN CyvyN QW sI Aqy BweI rwey isMG jMqI dws dw puqr, kbUlw dw poqw qy dvwrkw dws dw pVpoqw sI)[ prmw nMd qoN mgroN iek hor AwrIAw smwjI lyKk lwlw dOlq rwey AwrIAw ny swihby kmwl ikqwb ilK ky iehI prcwr kIqw qy iPr fw: hrI rwm gupqw ny ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz (ijld dUjI) ivc iehI JUT prcwirAw

sI[ ieh i&rkU ilKwrI is`KW nUM nIm-ihMdU jW kysW vwly ihMdU swibq krn vwsqy, swry qvwrI^I soimAW nUM nzr-AMdwz kr ky, JUT ilKdy rhy hn[

bMdw isMG v`loN pwhul lYx dw sB qoN vDIAw vyrvw srUp isMG kOiSS ny B`t vhIAW dy ADwr ’qy ilKI ikqwb gurU kIAW swKIAW (1790) id`qw hY (jo aupr Aw cukw hY)[ ies qoN ielwvw imrzw mubwrku`lw ierwdq ^wn dI qwrI^y ierwdq ^wn (1714), muhMmd AlI ^wn AMswrI dI qwrI^y muz`&rI (1788), Zulwm husYn dI isAwrul muqw^rIn (1836), AlI-aud-dIn mu&qI dI iebrqnwmw (1854), gxyS dws vFyrw dI

cwry bwZy	pMjwb (1855), knHeIAw lwl dI qwrI^y pMjwb (1881), Aihmd Swh btwlIAw dI ikqwby	ihMd
(1885),	muhMmd lqI& dI qwrI^y pMjwb, AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn dI ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw AYz tolf	bwey

iets ihstorIAnz vrgIAW &wrsI ilKqW ivc vI bMdw isMG dy KMfy dI pwhul lYx dw izkr hY[

pMjwbI soimAW iv`coN kysr isMG iCbr dI ‘bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW dw’ (1769), rqn isMG BMgU dw ‘pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS’ (1808, 1841), igAwnI igAwn isMG dI SmSIr Kwlsw (1880) ivc vI pwhul dw izkr hY[ krm isMG ihstorIAn Aqy igAwnI krqwr isMG klwsvwlIAw, ijhVy pihlW pwhul bwry ilKxw Bu`l gey sn, ny vI nvIAW AYfISnW ivc bMdw isMG dy pwhul lYx dw izkr kIqw sI[

ihMdU ilKwrIAW iv`coN ZYr-AwrIAw smwjI lyKkW ny vI bMdw isMG dy pwhul lYx dw izkr kIqw hY[ ienHW ivc rwDw ikRSn (goSw-ie-pMjwb), bynI prswd (gurU goibMd isMG), rwjw ivkrm isMh (gurU goibMd isMG), suirMdr Srmw (gurU goibMd isMG) qy keI hor Swiml hn[ AMgryzI lyKkW iv`coN jymz brwaUn (ieMfIAn trYkts), mYkgrygr (ihstrI Aw& d isKz), sI. AYc. pyAn (d is`Kz) vI ies dI qweId krdy hn[ so, AYNtI-is`K pRcwrkW nUM C`f ky, swry ieh mnUdy hn ik bMdw isMG ny pwhul leI sI qy auh bYrwgI nhIN sI irhw[ auN\ vI jy aus ny pwhul nw leI huMdI qW aus dw nW, bMdw isMG nhIN, mwDo dws jW lCmx dws hoxw sI[ qvwrI^ ivc aus dw nW bMdw isMG hox kr ky hI hY, nw ik mwDo dws (jw lCmx dws) hox kr ky[ jy auh is`K nw bxdw qW hor l`KW bYrwgIAW qy jogIAW vWg auh vI ies dunIAW qoN tur igAw huMdw qy aus nUM koeI nw jwxdw huMdw[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy QwpVy ny, dunIAW C`f cuky, bymwAnw izMdgI jIA rhy, iek nkwry ijhyy, pwKMfI qy hMkwry hoey, bYrwgI nUM dunIAW dI qvwrI^ dw iek lwswnI hIro bxw id`qw)[ KMfy dI pwhul lY ky, ihrnI qy bkry mwry jwx qoN vI qrbHk jwx vwlw ‘mwDo dws aur& lCmx dws’ iek dlyr, infr, bhwdr jrnYl bx igAw[ bYrwgI bx ky auh kuJ vI nhIN sI bx sikAw pr pwhul lY ky auh AzIm hsqI bx igAw[

iek idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik 1708 ivc bMdw isMG nwl iek vI bYrwgI nhIN sI igAw[ auN\ aus qoN mgroN vI koeI bYrwgI nhIN auiTAw, jo mulk ivc vrq rhy hnyr dy i^lw& auT sky[ jd pMjwb ivc G`lUGwry vrq rhy sn qW ieh bYrwgI audoN ikqy nzr nhIN Awey[ ieh bYrwgI qW mYdwn C`f ky B`jy hoey sn pr KMfy dI pwhul lYx vwly swbkw bYrwgI ny pMjwb dw nkSw bdl id`qw qy dunIAW Br dy qsIhy sih ky vI au& qk vI nw kIqI qy is`KI kysW suAwsW nwl inBweI (dUjy pwsy iSvwjI mrh`tw dw juAweI vI, mrnoN frdw, muslmwn bx igAw sI)[

pwhul dyx mgroN gurU jI ny bMdw isMG (mwDo dws) ƒ pMjwb dI hwlq ibAwn kIqI[ aunHW ny AnMdpur swihb ’qy phwVIAW Aqy muZlW dy hmilAW, is`KW dy au~QoN inklx, qlvMfI swbo pu`jx Aqy bhwdr Swh dI bdnIAqI dI q&sIl d`sI[ aunHW ny muZlW dy zulmW dI khwxI vI suxweI[ ieh sB sux ky bMdw isMG dw ichrw auudws ho igAw[ gurU jI ny aus ƒ smJwieAw ik ieh vylw audws jW inµmoJUxw hox dw nhIN blik ies zulm dw nws krn dw hY[ bMdw isMG ny iek dm ikhw “mYN qW hux Awp jI dw bMdw hW mYƒ hukm kro[” gurU jI ny aus ƒ AwiKAw ik auh zwlmW ƒ szw dyx vwsqy &Oj dI jQydwrI sMBwly[ bMdw isMG ny iek dm AwpxI rzwmMdI zwihr kr idqI[ qkrIbn iek mhInw gurU swihb bMdw isMG nUM is`K i&lws&I Aqy qvwrI^ smJwauNdy rhy qy nwl hI aus dy is`Ky sbk dw iemiqhwn vI lYNdy rhy[

bMdw isMG bhwdr dI pMjwb v`l rvwngI

ienHIN idnIN BweI BgvMq isMG bMgySrI dw tWfw (vpwirk kw&lw) vI auDroN lMG irhw sI[ jd aus ƒ pqw lgw ik gurU swihb nMdyV ivc ruky hoey hn qW auh gurU jI ƒ imlx AwieAw[ gurU jI ny aus nwl ivcwr kr ky bMdw isMG ƒ aus dy tWfy ivc pMjwb Byjx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ bMdw isMG 5 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn nMdyV qoN pMjwb vl cl ipAw[ gurU jI ny aus dw swQ dyx vwsqy kuJ isMG vI nwl Byjy[ (rqn isMG

BMgU ienHW nUM ‘pMj muKI isMG’ kihMdw hY qy ienHW dy nW ibnod isMG, kwhn isMG, bwj isMG, rx isMG qy rwm isMG ilKdw hY[ srUp isMG kOiSS dI ‘gurU kIAW swKIAW’ Aqy B`t vhIAW ivc ienHW pMjW ivcoN rx isMG qy

rwm isMG dw koeI izkr nhIN hY[ ho skdw hY ik rqn isMG ny Asl nW pqw nw lg skx kr ky Awpxy koloN pw id`qy hox[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik ieh nW AKOqI q`q Kwlsw ny mgroN prcwry hox[

gurU jI ny bMdw isMG ƒ Kwlsy dw nIlw inSwn swihb, iek ngwrw qy pMj qIr vI idqy[ ies qoN ielwvw gurU jI ny aus ƒ iek ic`TI (ijs ƒ hukmnwmw vI ikhw jWdw hY) vI id`qI ijs ivc is`KW dy nW pYZwm iliKAw hoieAw sI ik auh bMdw isMG dw qih-idloN swQ dyx[

bMdw isMG Ajy pMjwb dy rsqy ivc hI sI ik aus ƒ gurU goibMd isMG swihb ’qy pTwxW dy hmly Aqy aunHW dI ShIdI dw pqw lgw[ pr auh gurU jI v`loN sONipAw imSn pUrw krn dI soc nUM swhvyN r`K ky vwips nhIN muiVAw qy pMjwb vl vDdw igAw[ aus ny rsqy ivc mhWrwStr qy ^wn dys (burhwnpur vZYrw) lMG ky mMdsOr, Ajmyr, Pulyrw, curU, Brqpur vZYrw ivc pVwA kIqy[ qkrIbn cwr mhIny ivc, cOdW sO iklomItr &wslw qYA kr ky, bMdw isMG bWgr dys ivc, prgxw KrKOdw dy ielwky ivc pu`j igAw[

bMdw isMG ny KrKOdw prgxw dy ipMfW (KrKOdw qoN KWfw 6 iklomItr dUr qy syhrI 9 iklomItr dUr) syihrI Aqy KWfw ivckwrly jMgl ivc (ij`Qy nyVy hI dwdw GoFw nW dI v`fI Fwb sI) Awpxw pVwA kIqw (KrKOdw, sWplw qihsIl ivc, sWplw qy sonIpq dy ivckwr, id`lI dy auqr-p`Cm ivc, id`lI qoN qkrIbn 40 qy sonIpq qoN 30 iklomItr dUr hY)[ audoN ieh ielwkw aujwV bIAwbwn qy jMgl hox kr ky kw&I h`d qk mih&Uz sI[ ie`QoN bMdw isMG ny pMjwb dys ivc v`K-v`K ielwikAW dy muKI is`KW ƒ ^q Byj ky gurU swihb dw pYZwm idqw Aqy hiQAwrbMd ho ky bWgr dys ivc pu`jx vwsqy AwiKAw[ kuJ hI idnW ivc pMj sO dy krIb is`K aus kol pu`j gey[

bMdw isMG dw pihlw AYkSn sonIpq ivc sI[ BwvyN is`KW dI igxqI QoVHI sI, pr sonIpq dw &Ojdwr aunHW dw twkrw krn dI bjwie frdw -mwrw ngr C`f ky id`lI ƒ n`s igAw[ is`KW ny SwhI ^zwnw, GoVy Aqy hiQAwr lu`t ley pr Awm jnqw ƒ kuJ vI nw ikhw[ hux bMdw isMG kol QoVHI-bhuq rkm Aw cukI sI qy kuJ cMgy hiQAwr vI sn[ BwvyN sonIpq is`KW dy kbzy ivc Aw cukw sI pr aunHW ny au~Qy nw Tihrn dw &Yslw kIqw ikauN ik is`K &OjW Ajy igxqI p`KoN bhuq QoVHIAW sn[

SwhI ^zwnw Kohxw

ienHIN idnIN hI bMdw isMG nUM pqw l`gw ik muZl srkwr dw SwhI ^zwnw lY ky iek &OjI dsqw id`lI jw irhw hY qy aus vyly auh kYQl qoN 20 iklomItr dUr, bhUx (BUx) ipMf ivc, pVwA kr irhw hY[ ieh pqw lgx ’qy is`KW ny bhUx ipMf v`l cwly pw id`qy Aqy SwhI ^zwnw ilAw rhy Amly ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[

BwVy dy muZl &OjI is`KW dy Acwxk hmly qoN Gbrw gey qy fr ky B`j gey qy ^zwnw is`KW dy h`Q Aw igAw[ ie`QoN B`jy muZl &OjIAW ny kYQl jw ky au~QoN dy Awiml (Cotw &Ojdwr) nUM ^br id`qI[ kYQl dw Awiml ihMdU sI pr auh muZlW dw bVw v`fw v&wdwr sI[ muZlW nUM AwpxI v&wdwrI idKwaux vwsqy auh Awpxy swQIAW nUM lY ky au~Qy pu`jw[ kYQl dy &OjI j`Qy dy Awaux dI ^br is`KW nUM AgwaUN hI iml geI sI ies kr ky auh dr^qW Aqy KoilAW ivc luk gey sn[ jd muZl &OjI nyVy Awey qW is`KW ny Acwxk hmlw kr idqw[ is`KW dy AYkSn dOrwn bhuq swry SwhI ispwhI mwry gey[ Awiml ^ud Awp is`KW dy Gyry ivc Aw igAw[ aus ny is`KW dI qwkq vyK ky hiQAwr su`t id`qy[ aus ny is`KW dI isrdwrI mMn leI qy jwn b^SI dI Arz kIqI[ bMdw isMG ny aus dI Arz kbUl kr leI qy aus nUM Awpxy v`loN aus ielwky dw Awiml bxw id`qw[ kYQl dy ^zwny coN imly mwl Aqy kwbU kIqy GoiVAW nUM bMdw isMG ny swQIAW ivc vMf id`qw qy Awp kuJ vI nw r`iKAw[ bMdw isMG dI ies g`l ny is`KW dy idlW ’qy bVw fUMGw Asr pwieAw qy auh aus dI pihlW qoN vI vD ie`zq krn lg pey[

ies qoN QoVHy idn mgroN hI BweI rUpw, BweI bihlo Aqy mwlvy dy bhuq swry is`K prvwrW dy bhuq swry jvwn GoiVAW Aqy hiQAwrW nwl lYs ho ky bMdw isMG dy kYNp ivc phMuc gey[ kuJ hI h&iqAW ivc ieh igxqI iqMn -cwr hzwr qoN vI vD geI[ bMdw isMG ny is`KW ƒ smJwieAw ik swfI sB qoN v`fI kwrvweI srhMd ivc hovygI[ pr aus vwsqy iek v`fI &Oj Aqy coKI igxqI ivc vDIAw hiQAwrW dI loV hovygI[ ieh inSwnw hwisl krn vwsqy swƒ pihlW kuJ SwhI Aslw -KwinAW ‘qy kbzw krnw pvygw[ ies mksd vwsqy bMdw isMG ny nwrnOl, iBvwnI, ihswr vZYrw ’qy hmly kIqy Aqy Aslw qy ^zwny Koh ley[ ies smyN dOrwn hI hor vI bhuq swry is`K aus dy kYNp ivc Aw Swiml hoey sn[

ies dy nwl hI bMdw isMG ny &Yslw kIqw ik srhMd ’qy hmlw krn qoN pihlW ies dy Awly- duAwly dy ikilHAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jwvy qW jo srhMd dy hwkm nUM iksy pwisEN koeI mdd imlx dI Aws nw rhy[ dUjw is`K &OjW nUM bhuq swry hiQAwr, GoiVAW Aqy pYsy dI vI loV sI[ ies swry vwsqy smwxw qoN vDIAw

koeI hor jgh nhIN sI ho skdI[ ies soc nwl aus ny sB qoN pihlW smwxw ’qy kbzw krn dw plwn bxwieAw[

smwxw dI ij`q

iksy zmwny ivc smwxw mwlvw qy bWgr dys dI rwjDwnI irhw sI[ 1360 ivc i&rozSwh quglk ny smwxw dI QW srhMd ƒ rwjDwnI bxw idqw qy smwxw ngr dI AhmIAq Gt geI[ iPr vI, 1709 ivc vI, ies dy nON prgny sn[ Ajy vI bhuq swry AmIr-vzIr eyQy hI rihMdy sn[ Aijhy lok sYNkiVAW dI igxqI ivc sn[ ienHW ivcoN 22 aumrw (AmIr dw bhu vcn) qW auh sn ijnHW nUM injI pwlkIAW ivc Awaux-jwx dw h`k hwisl sI[ ienHW swirAW dIAW hvylIAW ikilHAW vrgIAW sn[ ie`QoN dw muK iklHw vI bVw mzbUq sI (ies iklHy dI kMD dw iek ih`sw Aj vI mOjUd hY)[ pr smwxy dy ies v`fy iklHy ivc muZl &OjW dI igxqI koeI bhuqI nhIN sI ikauNik au~QoN dy &Ojdwr ƒ kdy vI iksy hmly dI Aws nhIN sI qy is`KW dw hmlw qW auh su&ny ivc vI nhIN sI soc skdw[

smwxw dw is`K qvwrI^ nwl iek hor sbMD vI sI[ 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn cWdnI cOk id`lI ivc gurU qyg bhwdr swihb dw isr DV qoN judw krn vwlw j`lwd s`Xd jlwlu“dIn ie`QoN dw hI sI[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy dohW in`ky swihbzwidAW ƒ vI iesy Sihr dy j`lwdW seIAd SwSl byZ qy bwSl byZ ny hI, 12 dsMbr 1705 dy idn, kql kIqw sI[ AnMdpur swihb ’c 4 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gurU swihb nUM bwdSwh dI nklI ic`TI phMucwaux vwlw s`Xd AlI husYn vI ie`QoN dw hI sI[ is`K ies ƒ “j`lwdW dw Sihr” AwK ky cyqy krdy sn[ ies kr ky vI bMdw isMG ny sB qoN pihlW (jo aunHW dI pnwhgwh KWfw qoN 90 iklomItr dUr sI) iesy Sihr ƒ soDx dw &Yslw kIqw[

26 nvMbr 1709 dy idn qVkswr hI bwbw bMdw isMG dI AgvweI ivc is`K &OjW ny Acwnk hI smwxy ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ Sihr dy muZl hwkm aus vyly by^br sn[ is`KW ny ie`ko h`ly ivc hI Sihr dw iek drvwzw qoV idqw Aqy mukwblw krn vwly hr iek &OjI ƒ kql krnw SurU kr idqw[ mugl &OjW ny kw&I mukwblw kIqw pr kuJ hI GMitAW ivc ngr Aqy ies dy iklHy ‘qy is`KW dw kbzw ho cukw sI[

smwxy au~qy kbzw krn mgroN bMdw isMG bhwdr ny AYlwn kIqw iksy vI inrdoS bMdy ƒ kuJ nhIN ikhw jwvygw Aqy isr& zwlm hwkmW Aqy j`lwdW ƒ hI szw idqI jwvygI[ mukwmI lokW ivc bhuqy Awm muslmwn ikswn hI sn jo zmInW dy mwlk nhIN sn blik muzwry sn[ auh muZl qy j`lwd s`Xd jgIrdwrW qoN bhuq duKI sn[ ies kr ky aunHW nUM jgIrdwrW qy AmIrW nwl koeI hmdrdI nhIN sI[ ienHW ikswnW ny is`K &OjW dw mukwblw qW kI krnw sI sgoN aunHW ny is`KW dw swQ id`qw qy AmIrW qy zwlmW bwry vwk&I id`qI[ ienHW qoN vwk&I hwisl kr ky is`K &OjW ny AmIrW, vzIrW Aqy j`lwdW dIAW iklHw-numw hvylIAW qy GrW dI inSwn-dyhI kIqI Aqy ienHW swirAW ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ aunHW ny AwpxIAW hvylIAW Aqy ikilHAW iv`coN is`KW ’qy golwbwrI krnI qy A`g vrHwauxI SurU kr id`qI[ is`K ies ^qrnwk hmly dy bwvjUd fty rhy[ A^Ir mjbUr ho ky is`KW ny ienHW iklHw-numw hvylIAW nUM A`g lw id`qI ijs nwl bhuq swry s`Xd muZl AMdr sV ky mr gey qy ijhVy A`g qoN bcx vwsqy hiQAwr lY ky bwhr inkly auh is`K &OjW dIAW qlvwrW qy nyizAW dw iSkwr bx gey[ qVky qoN lY ky Swm qk smwxw dIAW glIAW ivc zbrdsq lVweI cldI rhI[ keI muZl qy s`Xd qW jwn qoV ky lVy pr A^Ir mwry gey[

Ajy Swm pUrI qrHW FlI nhIN sI ik is`KW dw twkrw krn vwly swry muZl qy s`Xd ^qm ho cuky sn jW Sihr ’coN dOV cuky sn[ hux Sihr ivc Awm ikswnW qy mzdUrW qo isvw hwkm jmwq dy isr& b`cy, AOrqW qy kuJ kU auh bu`Fy hI rih gey sn ijnHW ny is`KW dw mukwblw nhIN sI kIqw[

is`KW ny iksy vI AOrq, bu`Fy qy b`cy ƒ kuJ vI nw ikhw[ is`KW ny qW iksy msIq ’qy vI hmlw nhIN sI kIqw ikauNik is`KW dI ieh lVweI ieslwm dy i^lw& nhIN sI blik zulm dy i^lw& sI[ ies kr ky A`j vI smwxw ivc aus zmwny dIAW Gt qoN Gt drjn msIqW, mkbry qy hor eImwrqW mOjUd hn[

rwq pYx qoN pihlW smwxw is`KW dy kbzy ivc Aw cukw sI[ ies lVweI dOrwn mrn vwilAW muZlW qy s`XdW dI igxqI v`K-v`K somy pMj qoN ds hzwr qk ilKdy hn[ isr& mOqW hI nhIN blik Sihr dIAW bhuqIAW hvylIAW sV ky suAwh ho cukIAW sn[ smwxw dy Awm ikrswn s`XdW qy muZl hwkmW dy zulmW dw sdIAW qoN iSkwr cly Aw rhy sn[ ies kr ky ies mOky ’qy muslmwn mujwirAW ny vI s`XdW, pTwnW qy muZlW qoN Awpxy bdly ley pr aunHW dw bhuqw gu`sw lu`t-mwr krn qk hI sImq sI[ AgznI dIAW vwrdwqW vDyry kr ky ienHW duKI lokW ny hI kIqIAW sn[

smwxy ’qy kbzy dOrwn is`K &OjW ƒ hiQAwrW dw v`fw ^zwnw, bhuq swrw sonw, hIry, cWdI qy rupY Aqy sYNkVy GoVy hwisl hoey[ hux is`K &Oj kol kw&I Aslw qy GoVy Aw cuky sn Aqy auh iksy vI v`fy ngr ’qy hmlw krn dI hYsIAq ivc sI[ smwxy ’qy kbzy ivc sB qoN vD rol BweI &qih isMG (BweI BgqU prvwr ’coN) dw sI[ bMdw isMG ny BweI &qih isMG ƒ smwxw dw &Ojdwr qwienwq kIqw Aqy kuJ &Oj aus leI rIzrv kr ky Agly AYkSn dI iqAwrI SurU kr idqI[ ies vyly qk is`K &Oj ivc 10-12 hzwr is`K Swiml ho cuky sn[ ^w&I ^wn muqwibk:

“do qoN iqMn mhIny ivc hI cwr qoN pMj hzwr GOVsvwr Aqy s`q qoN A`T hzwr pYdl bMdy aus nwl Aw rly[ hr idn aunHW dI igxqI vDdI geI Aqy aunHW ny coKw mwl lu`t ilAw[ CyqI hI ATwrW qoN au~nI hzwr bMidAW ny lu`t dw dOr SUru kr idqw[“ⁱ

smwxw ivcoN kuJ ku muslmwn AmIr bc ky inklx ivc kwmXwb ho gey sn qy aunHW ivcoN bhuqy Qwnysr, murqzwpur qy iphovw cly gey sn[

srhMd dy Awly-duAwly dy ikilHAW ’qy kbzy

GuVwm ’qy kbzw

smwxy mgroN bMdw isMG ny (35 iklomItr dUr) GuVwm (purwxw nW kuhrwm) vl cVHweI kr id`qI[ aunHW rsqy ivc pRwcIn ngr snOr (smwxw qoN qkrIbn 28 Aqy pitAwlw qoN 3 iklomItr dUr) ’qy hmlw kr ky ies ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[

ieQoN dOlq qy Aslw lY ky is`K POjW ny GuVwm<sup>ii</sup> vl (snOr qoN 20 kU iklomItr) kUc kIqw[ ikauNik bMdw isMG cwhMudw sI ik srhMd ’qy hmlw krn qoN pihlW ies dy Awly-duAwly dy swry ikilHAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jwvy, ies kr ky is`K &OjW vwsqy ieh iklHw ij`qxw vI zrUrI sI[ jd is`K &OjW ny GuVwm ’qy hmlw kIqw qW ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr ny ft ky mukwblw kIqw[ ies Gmswx dy jMg ivc is`K qy muslmwn dohW &OjW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw pr A^Ir ij`q is`KW dI hI hoeI Aqy iklHw, GoVy, hiQAwr Aqy ^zwnw is`KW dy h`Q Aw igAw[ (hux GuVwm dy iklHy dIAW kuJ kU inSwnIAW hI bcIAW hn)[

Tsky ’qy hmlw

GuVwm ij`qx mgroN bMdw isMG ny, ie`QoN hor 20 iklomItr A`gy, Tskw (ijs ƒ ‘Tskw mIrW jI’ vI kihMdy sn) vl cVHweI kr id`qI[ ies Sihr ivc sYNkVy seIAd, muZl, Sy^ qy hor AmIr rihMdy sn[ ie`QoN dy keI muslmwn ‘pIr’ hox dw pwKMf krdy sn[ aunW ny Awpxy kol ZYbI qwkq hox dw JUTw prcwr kr ky Awm lokW ƒ auvyN hI byvkU& bxwieAw hoieAw sI ijvyN muhMmd ZOrI dy somnwQ mMdr ’qy hmly (1027) qoN pihlW bRwhmxW ny ihMdUAW ƒ Aqy bwbr dy eymnwbwd ’qy hmly (1520) vyly pTwnW ny muslmwnW nUM byvkU& bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ (eymnwbwd dy hmly bwry

pVHo: ‘bwbrvwxI’ dy nW nwl jwixAw jwx vwlw gurU nwnk swihb dw Sbd)[ ijvyN ZOrI jW bwbr dy hmly vyly ihMdUAW jW pTwnW dw koeI mMqr vI kMm nhIN AwieAw sI hux vI ienHW kwZzI pIrW-

&kIrW dy AKOqI ‘kwly ielm’ dw koeI Asr nw hoieAw[ A^Ir Tsky dw iek pIr zw&r AlI, mUMh ivc Gwh lY ky, bMdw isMG kol pyS hoieAw qy kihx lgw “AsIN quhwfIAW gaUAW hW[ swƒ b^S idE[” ieh sux ky bMdw isMG ny jvwb id`qw “gaU ihMdUAW vwsqy piv`qr hY, is`K vwsqy nhIN, pr quhwfw muAw&Inwmw hI kw&I hY[ AsIN iksy mwsUm bMdy ƒ nukswn nhIN phMucwvWgy qy isr& zwlm hwkmW ƒ hI szw dyvWgy[” ies mgroN Sihr dy bhuq swry AmIrW ny is`K &OjW nUM nzrwny pyS kIqy[ bMdw isMG ny aunHW ƒ b^S idqw, pr zwlm AihlkwrW ƒ aunHW dy jurmW muqwibk szwvW idqIAW geIAW[

Qwnysr Aqy Swhbwd (mwrkMfw) ’qy kbzw

Tsky mgroN bMdw isMG ny (30 iklomItr dUr) Qwnysr vl kUc kIqw Aqy ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw ie`QoN auh, mwrkMfw dirAw dy kMFy vsy hoey ngr, Swhbwd (Qwnysr qoN 30 iklomItr) vl cl ipAw[ jdoN ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K ieDr Aw rhy hn qW auh fr igAw Aqy

Sihr C`f ky t`br sxy id`lI vl dOV igAw[ jdoN is`K &OjW Swhbwd p`ujIAW qW SwhI &Oj ny ic`tw JMfw KVw kr ky is`KW dI isrdwrI kbUl kr leI[ ies mgroN SwhI ^zwnw, GoVy, Aslw Awpxy kbzy ivc krn mgroN AmIrW qoN nzrwny lY ky bMdw isMG A`gy cl ipAw[

musq&wbwd ’qy kbzw
hux is`K &OjW ny (Swhbwd qoN 40 iklomItr dUr) iek hor Aihm ngr musq&wbwd v`l cwly pw ley[ jd is`K ies ngr dy nyVy pu`jy qW ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr ny 2000 &OjI do qopW dy ky is`KW dw rwh rokx vwsqy Byj id`qy[ jd is`K &Oj ivc rly hoey ihMdU lutyirAW nUM ies dw pqw l`gw qW auh jwn bcwaux vwsqy dOV gey pr is`K sUrbIr mYdwn ivc fty rhy[ is`KW ny iek dm iek zordwr h`lw kIqw qW muZl &OjW Gbrw ky dOV geIAW[ auh jwx l`igAW iek qop vI ip`Cy C`f gey jo is`KW ny kbzy ivc lY leI[ ies mgroN is`K &OjW ny ies ngr ivc hwkmW Aqy AmIrW dy ^zwny hOly kIqy[

kMujpurw ’qy hmlw

bMdw isMG srhMd ’qy kbzw krnw cwhMudw sI pr aus dI iqAwrI Ajy pUrI nhIN sI ho skI[ aunHIN idnIN vzIr ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd) dw iek jwsUs is`K &OjW dI sUh lYNdw PiVAw igAw[ is`KW ny aus ƒ mwrn dI QW bMdw isMG ny aus dy h`Q vzIr ^wn ƒ pYZwm ByijAw ik “AsIN hux srhMd ’qy hmlw krnw hY, aus ƒ kho iqAwrI kr lvy[” is`KW ny ieh vI ikhw sI ik ies qoN pihlW aus dy j`dI ipMf kuMjpurw ’qy vI kbzw krWgy[ jdoN is`KW ny Tskw mwr ilAw qW vzIr Kwn ƒ

XkIn Aw igAw sI ik hux is`K aus dy ipMf kMujpurw (mus&wbwd qoN 75 iklomItr, krnwl qoN 13 iklomItr) ’qy zrUr hmlw krngy[ ieh soc ky aus ny do hzwr GoVsvwr, cwr hzwr pYdl &Oj Aqy do v`fIAW qopW, kMujpurw dI ih&wzq vwsqy rvwnw kr idqIAW[ pr, ies qoN pihlW ik vzIr ^wn dI &Oj phMuc skdI is`KW ny kMujpurw ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ jd vzIr ^wn dI &Oj au~Qy pu`jI qW is`KW &OjW ny iek-dm hmlw kr ky aunHW dIAW qopW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw Aqy sYNkVy hmlwvr

&OjI mwr mukwey[ mwr Kwx mgroN pTwx Aqy muZl &OjW B`j geIAW[ ies nwl do qopW qoN ielwvw hor vI bVw Aslw is`KW dy h`Q AwieAw[ ies mgroN is`KW ny audoN dy iek hor Aihm ngr dHwmlw ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[

kpUrI dI ij`q

puAwD dy ies ielwky ivc kpUrI (sFOrw qoN 13 iklomItr) iek hor Aihm ngr sI[ ies dw hwkm kdm-aud-dIn sI[ auh Amwnu`lw dw pu`qr sI jo AOrMgzyb dy zmwny ivc gujrwq dw

&Ojdwr sI[ kdm-aud-dIn vI iek zwlm Aqy A`XwS bMdw sI[ auh ihMdUAW dIAW DIAW-nUMhW cuk ky lY jWdw sI Aqy aunHW nwl jbr-znwh krdw sI[ aus ny qW iek spYSl &Oj iqAwr kIqI hoeI sI jo hr vyly ipMfW ivc c`kr k`FdI rihMdI sI[ ies &Oj dw kMm ieh pqw krnw sI ik iks ihMdU dI DI dw ivAwh ho irhw hY jW iks dI DI jvwn ho geI hY[ pqw l`gx mgroN kdm-aud-dIn aus nUM cukvw lYNdw sI Aqy kuJ idn Bogx mgroN C`f dyNdw sI[ aus dI kwm Bu`K eynI GtIAw sI ik auh Awpxy prgxy hI nhIN blik hornW ielwikAW iv`coN vI ihMdU kuVIAW cukvw ilAw krdw sI[ aus ny hornW hwkmW vWg dOlq vI ^Ub iek`TI kIqI hoeI sI[ aus nUM Awpxy ipE dI vI bhuq swrI dOlq imlI hoeI sI[ aus nUM ies dOlq dw vI hMkwr sI[

iek idn kpUrI dy kuJ ihMdU bMdw isMG bhwdr ƒ imly Aqy kdm-aud-dIn dy zulmW bwry disAw[ Agly idn hI bMdw isMG ny kpUrI ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ kdm-aud-dIn ny kuJ icr qW is`K &OjW dw twkrw kIqw, pr aus dI AOrqW cu`kx vwlI burCwgrd &Oj, bhwdr is`KW dw kI mukwblw kr skdI sI? CyqI hI ieh guMfy qy bdmwS ispwhI mYdwn C`f ky B`j gey[ kdm-aud-dIn ny is`K &OjW A`gy hiQAwr su`tx dI QW Awpxy Awp ƒ AwpxI hvylI ivc kYd kr ilAw[ is`K &OjW ny ies pwpI ƒ szw dyx vwsqy aus dI hvylI ƒ A`g lw idqI[ kdm-aud-dIn hvylI ivc hI sV ky mr igAw[ iek muslmwn vwsqy sV mrn qoN v`fI szw koeI nhIN ho skdI[

sFOrw dI &qh

sFOrw dw zwlm hwkm ausmwn ^wn vI is`K &OjW dy inSwny ’qy sI[ ausmwn ^wn ny gurU goibMd swihb dy iek muslmwn murId seIAd bdr`udIn (pIr b`uDU Swh) Aqy aus dy prvwr ’qy bVy zulm Fwey sn qy aunHW ƒ is`KW dw swQI AwK ky ShId kIqw sI[ ausmwn ^wn ’qy ieh vI ielzwm sI ik auh ZYr-muslmwnW ƒ s^q n&rq krdw sI Aqy aunHW ’qy zulm krn Aqy aunHW dIAW DIAW-BYxW dI Azmq lu`tx dw koeI mOkw nhIN sI guAwauNdw[ ies kr ky kpUrI ’qy ij`q qoN mgroN bMdw isMG ny sFOrw vl kUc kr idqw[ ies vyly qk bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW dI igxqI 35 qoN 40 hzwr qk ho cukI sI[ jYpur irAwsq dy SwhI irkwrf ivc ieh igxqI 70 hzwr dy krIb d`sI geI hY jo shI nhIN jwpdI[ ihstorIAn hrI rwm gupqw muqwibk ies &Oj ivc ivc is`KW qoN ielwvw keI ihMdU vI sn, ijnHW ivcoN bhuqy auhI sn jo muslmwn AmIrW dy GrW dI l`ut dI soc nwl Awey hoey sn[

jdoN bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW sFOry dy nyVy phMucIAW qW ausmwn ^wn dIAW pihlW qoN hI iqAw KVIAW qopW ny is`K &OjW ’qy goly dwgxy SurU kr idqy[ ies nwl keI is`K ShId ho gey pr ies dy bwvjUd is`K &OjI A`gy vDdy gey Aqy swrw zor lw ky ngr dw drvwzw qoV idqw[ Sihr dy AMdr ausmwn ^wn dIAW &OjW Aqy is`K &OjW ivckwr Gmswx dI jMg hoeI[ ies mOky ’qy pIr b`uDU Swh dy pirvwr ivcoN kuJ S^s is`K &OjW dw swQ dy rhy sn, ies kr ky aunHW ƒ Sihr ’qy kbzw krn ivc bhuqI muSikl nhIN AweI[ sFOrw dy keI nvwb, vzIr qy AmIr ic`tw JMfw lY ky Aqy mMUh ivc Gwh lY ky bMdw isMG kol pyS hoey Aqy rihm dI iB`iKAw mMgI[ bMdw isMG ny aunHW ƒ muAw& kr id`qw pr aunHW qoN ieh vwAdw ilAw ik auh A`goN qoN is`K &OjW dy v&wdwr rihxgy[

BwvyN hor swirAW ny hiQAwr sut id`qy sn pr sFOry dy hwkm ausmwn ^wn ny Awpxy Awp ƒ iklyH dy AMdr bMd kr ilAw[ sFOry dw iklHw bVw mzbUq sI qy ies ƒ ij`qxw iek bVI AOKI muihMm sI[ ies ƒ ij`qx vwsqy lMmy Arsy dw Gyrw Aqy ShIdIAW hoxIAW sn[ bMdw isMG ieh nhIN sI cwhMudw ikauN ik aus dI mMizl qW srhMd Aqy iPr lwhOr sI[ ies vwr iPr pIr b`uDU Swh dy murIdW ny Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ aunHW ny iklHy dy AMdr rwbqw bxw ky aunHW qoN iklHy dw drvwzw KulHvw ilAw Aqy iklHy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ausmwn ^wn ƒ iZRPqwr kr ky szwey-mOq idqI geI[ iklHy ivcoN is`KW ƒ l`KW rupY nkd Aqy bhuq swrw sonw qy hIry jvwhrwq h`Q l`gy[

sFOry ’qy kbzw krn mgroN kuJ idn swrIAW is`K &OjW au~Qy hI itkIAW rhIAW[ iek idn jdoN kuJ is`K GoVy crw rhy sn qW iek aUT dUroN B`jdw AwieAw qy KyqW ’c vV igAw[ aus ƒ KyqW ivcoN k`Fx vwsqy iek &OjI ny iek rwhgIr qoN iek bWs Koh ky aUT ƒ mwrnw SurU kr id`qw[

bWs AMdroN KoKlw hox kr ky tu`t igAw Aqy ivcoN iek ic`TI inkl ky if`g peI[ ieh ic`TI sFOrw dy iksy vzIr-AmIr ny vzIr ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd) ƒ ilKI sI ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik AsIN bMdw isMG ƒ im`TIAW-im`TIAW g`lW ivc PsweI r`KWgy[ ies dOrwn qusIN hmlw kr dyxw qy AsIN vI Sihr dy AMdr is`KW ’qy hmlw kr dyvWgy[ ies nwl jy bMdw isMG igR&qwr nw vI ho sikAw qW gVbV ivc Sihr C`f ky jwn bcwaux vwsqy dOV zrUr jwvygw[ ieh ic`TI pVH ky bMdw isMG ny aunHW Sihr vwsIAW dw iek iek`T bulwieAw ijnHW ny ksmW KwDIAW sn ik auh is`K &OjW dy v&wdwr rihxgy[ ies iek`T ivc bMdw isMG ny svwl kIqw ik ‘vwAdw kr ky ZdwrI krn vwly ƒ kI szw imlxI cwhIdI hY?” swry lokW ny jvwb idqw “mOq”[ ies mgroN bMdw isMG ny rwhgIr qoN PVI ic`TI idKweI[ ieh ic`TI vyK ky swry vzIr-AmIr kMb gey Aqy igVigVw ky muAw&IAW mMgx lg pey[ ies ’qy bMdw isMG ny ikhw ik “quhwfy ivcoN ijhVw vI pIr bu`DU Swh dI hvylI ivc vV jweygw aus ƒ muAw& kr id`qw jweygw[” ies ’qy swry sO-fyF sO bMdy, jo Asl mujirm sn, pIr jI dI hvylI ƒ B`jy[ ies mgroN bMdw isMG ny hvylI ƒ bwhroN jMdrw lvw idqw Aqy hvylI ƒ

A`g lwaux dw hukm dy idqw[ ZdwrI krn vwly swry byeImwn AMdr sV ky mr gey[ ies mgroN iksy ƒ vI, ^uAwb ivc vI, ZdwrI krn dw i^Awl nhIN sI Aw skdw[ bMdw isMG ny Awm lokW nUM kdy vI qMg nhIN sI kIqw BwvyN auh ihMdU sn jW muslmwn[ aus ny qW sFOry ivc msijdW qy mzwrW nUM vI nhIN sI CyiVAw[ A`j vI sFOrw ivc kuqbul Akqwb (Swh Abdul vhwb) dI ^wngwh qy gMjy-ielm vI auvyN hI kwiem hn ijvyN auh 1709 ivc KVHIAW sn[

ieh Gtnw 5 dsMbr 1709 dI hY[ hux sFOry ’qy Kwlsy dw nIlw inSwn swihb Pihrw idqw igAw Aqy Sihr dy ieMqzwm vwsqy iek ‘Kwlsw pMcwieq’ kwiem kr idqI geI[ ienHW GtnwvW dI ^br muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ƒ tofw ngr ivc imlI[ bhwdr Swh ny lwhOr dy sUbydwr qy srhMd &Ojdwr ƒ is`KW dy i^lw& AYkSn lYx vwsqy ^q ilKy[ (audoN is`KW dy inSwn swihb dw rMg gurU swihb dw id`qw nIlw rMg sI)[

Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn dy lyKk muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk bMdw isMG ny sFOrw dw nW ‘AjwiebgVH’ rK id`qw[ AOrMgbwdI ieh nW do jgh (s&w (s&y 64-67 Aqy 68 ’qy) ilKdw h[Y {ies iklHy nUM muZl &OjW ny 19 sqMbr 1713 dy idn Fwhuxw SurU kIqw sI}.

lohgVH nUM rwjDwnI bxwauxw

smwxw, GuVwm, snOr, Tskw mIrWjI, kMujpurw, Swhbwd, dHwmlw, musq&wbwd, kpUrI Aqy sFOrw dI &qih qoN bwAd, &rvrI 1710 ivc, bMdw isMG ny lohgVH ipMf nUM rwjDwnI bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ lohgVH sFOrw qoN 30 ku iklomItr dI iv`Q ’qy iSvwlk phwVIAW ivc, lohgVH Aqy som ndI dy ivckwr, iek ipMf hY[ ie`Qy is`KW dw iek bhuq v`fw iklHw sI[ bMdw isMG ny ies iklyH dIAW dIvwrW, burj Aqy morcy bxw ky ies ƒ vDyyry mih&Uz bxw ilAw[ aus ny ^zwnw, hiQAwrW, Anwj Awid dI sMBwl vwsqy iemwrqW bxvweIAW[ ieM\ hI aunHW &OjIAW, ijnHW nwl pRvwr vI sn, rihx vwsqy irhwieSW vI bxvweIAW[ ies mgroN swrw ^zwnw, vwDU hiQAwr Aqy kw&I imkdwr ivc Anwj vI ies iklHy ivc lY AWdw igAw[

ieh iklHw drjnW phwVW, K`fW Aqy jMgl nwl iGirAw hoieAw sI[ ies kr ky ies ’qy hmlw kr ky ies ƒ ij`qxw Awswn nhIN sI[(lohgVH dy ielwky ƒ fwbr vI iliKAw jWdw sI[ dwbr aus jgh nUM AwKdy hn ijhVI bhuq au~cI hovy qy dirAwvW, jMglW qy phwVIAW nwl iGrI hovy[ lohgVH iklHy dy iqMn pwsy bhuq nIvIN QW sI qy ieh iklHw bhuq hI au~cw sI qy ies dy cOQy pwsy au~cy phwV sn[ fwbr l&z sB qoN pihlW ierwdq ^wn ny qwrI^y ierwdq ^wnI ivc vriqAw hY[

fwbr dy ielwky dy vxjwirAW dw rol

fwbr dy ielwky dy Awly duAwly dy ipMfW dI jgh dw mwilk iek is`K l`KI rwey vxjwrw sI, jo aus smyN eySIAw dw sB qoN v`fw vxjwrw (vpwrI) sI[ l`KI rwey dy vpwr ivc hzwrW mulwzm nOkrI krdy sn[ ieh swry isK sn[ jd bMdw isMG ny lohgVH nUM rwjDwnI bxwieAw qW ieh swry vxjwry aus dy mddgwr bx gey[ kuJ aus dI &Oj dw ih`sw bx gey sn, kuJ aus nUM Kwxw, Aslw qy hor swmwn muh`eIAw krvwauNdy sn qy kuJ muZl srkwr qy &Oj dIAW sUhW ilAwaux dw kMm krdy sn[ muZlW nUM vI Anwj ienHW vxjwirAW qoN hI imldw sI, ies kr ky

muZlW dIAW ^brW ienHW nUM pqw lgdIAW rihMdIAW sn qy auh swrw kuJ auh bMdw isMG qk phuMcw idAw krdy sn[ kwmvr ^wnⁱⁱⁱ vI ies dI qweId krdw hY[

lohgVH dI rwjDwnI qoN bMdw isMG dy AYkSn

srhMd ’qy hmly dI iqAwrI

ApRYl 1710 qk bMdw isMG ny srhMd dy Awly-duAwly dw bhuqw ielwkw muZlW qoN Awzwd krvw ilAw sI[ jmnw Aqy sqluj dirAwvW dy ivckwr dw ielwkw, sxy A`T ikilHAw dy, aus dy kbzy ivc sI[ srhMd BwvyN sUbw id`lI hyT sI, pr ies dI hYsIAq iek sUby vrgI sI[ ie`QoN dw nwzm BwvyN &Ojdwr dI hsqI rKdw sI pr lok ies dy nUM ‘sUbydwr’ hI ikhw krdy sn[ sqluj dirAw qoN jmnw dirAw qk dw ielwkw ies ivc Swiml sI[[ ies dy 28 prgny sn qy ies dI Awmdn 52 l`K rupY swlwnw sI[ ies kr ky ies nUM ‘bwvnI srhMd ‘ vI AwKdy sn[ dirAw Xmnw qy sqluj ivckwrlw ielwkw srhMd dI hkUmq hyT sI[ mlyrkotlw, mwCIvwVw qy rUpV (hux ropV) Awid srhMd dy mwqihq sn[

hux bMdw isMG dw Aglw Aqy v`fw AYkSn sI srhMd dy zwlm hwkmW vzIr ^wn Aqy s`ucw nMd ƒ aunHW dy zulmW dI szw dyxw[ ieDr vzIr ^wn vI bMdw isMG dIAW ij`qW qoN Gbrw igAw sI[ aus ƒ bMdw isMG v`loN kuMjpurw ’qy kbzw krn dw g`usw vI sI[ auh cwhMudw sI ik srhMd ’qy hmlw hox qoN pihlW hI bMdw isMG ’qy hmlw kr dyvy[

bMdw isMG ies vyly C`q-bnUV dy ielwky ivc sI[ vzIr ^wn kol ies vyly iek v`fI &Oj sI ikauNik vzIr ^wn ny jhwd dw nwArw lw ky muslmwnW ƒ (^ws kr ky Awpxy pTwn BrwvW, rMGVW Aqy blocW ƒ) &Oj ’c BrqI kr ilAw sI[ bhuq swry musilm cODrI qy jwgIrdwr vI aus dI &Oj ivc Swiml ho gey sn[ aus dI sB qoN v`fI mdd mlyrkotlw dy nvwb Syr muhMmd ^wn ny kIqI[ auh Awp, Awpxy BrwvW, pu`qrW qy BqIijAW Aqy swrI &Oj sxy ies jhwd ivc Swiml ho igAw[

mwJy dy is`KW Aqy mlyrkotlw dI &Oj ivc jMg

meI 1710 dy SurU ivc mwJy qoN do hzwr dy krIb is`K bMdw isMG nwl Swiml hox vwsqy kIrqpur ivc pu`j cuky sn[ ieh swry auh is`K sn ijhVy pMQ vwsqy jwnW vwrn leI GroN inkly sn[ kIrqpur qoN aunHW rUpV (hux ropV) rwhIN C`q-bnUV pu`j ky bMdw isMG dy nwl rlxw sI[ ies dI ^br vzIr ^wn ƒ iml cukI sI[ aus ny mlyrkotlw dy Syr muhMmd ^wn (ijs ƒ Coty swihbzwidAW vwsqy AKOqI qOr ’qy hwA dw nwArw mwrn dy bhwny nwl ‘is`KW dw hmdrd’ AwKx dI ZlqI kIqI jWdI hY) ƒ &Oj iljw ky mwJy v`loN Aw rhy is`KW ƒ rokx vwsqy kUc krn vwsqy hdwieqW idqIAW[ Syr muhMmd ^wn Awpxy iek Brw (i^jr ^wn) Aqy BqIijAW (vlI ^wn Aqy muhMmd b^S) nwl v`fI &Oj lY ky ropV vl cl ipAw[ ropV dy nyVy sqluj dirAw<sup>iv</sup> dy kMFy, ipMf bihlolpur dI jUh ivc, is`KW Aqy mlyrI &OjW ivc zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ BwvyN mlyrI &OjW dI igxqI vI vDyry sI Aqy aunHW kol hiQAwr vI izAwdw Aqy vDIAw sn pr is`K qW Awpxy gurU dy

nW ’qy isr qlI ’qy r`K ky jUJ rhy sn[ pihly idn mlyrIAW dw plVw BwrI jwpdw sI[ hnyrw pYx ’qy lVweI bMd ho geI[ rwq nUM mwJy qoN kuJ hor is`K vI aunHW nwl Aw rly[ Agly idn phu-Pu`tidAW hI is`KW ny iek dm mlyrIAW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ dovyN &OjW hux Awhmo-swhmxy ho ky lVIAW[ gih-g`c lVweI dOrwn iek golI Syr muhMmd ^wn mlyrIey dy Brw i^jr ^wn dI CwqI ivc Aw v`jI qy auh au~Qy hI FyrI ho igAw[ aus dy mrn dy nwl hI pTwn &OjI mYdwn C`f ky B`jx lg pey[ ies ’qy Syr muhMmd ^wn ny llkwrw mwirAw qy kuJ v&wdwr &OjIAW nwl auh Aqy aus dy dovyN BqIjy i^jr ^wn dI lwS c`ukx vwsqy A`gy vDy[ is`KW ny ienHW ’qy vI hmlw kr idqw[ dovyN Brw ^wn AlI Aqy muhMmd b^S ies hmly ivc mwry gey[ Syr muhMmd ^wn ^ud vI z^mI ho igAw[ ies mgroN qW swrIAW pTwn &OjW mYdwn ’coN dOV geIAW[

ij`q dI ^uSI ivc is`KW ny ^Ub jYkwry C~fy Aqy auh Cq-bnUV vl cl pey[ jd ies dI ^br bMdw isMG ƒ pu`jI qW auh kuJ is`KW ƒ nwl lY ky kw&I A`gy Aw igAw Aqy jyqU mJYlW ƒ glv`kVIAW pw ky jI AwieAW AwiKAw[^v ies qoN Agly idn is`KW dy iek hor jQy dI t`kr rwxvW ipMf ivc (sMGol dy nyVy) vzIr ^wn dI ByjI &Oj nwl ho geI[ ie`QoN vI jyqU ho ky is`K bMdw isMG kol C`q-bnUV phMuc gey[

c`pV-icVI dI lVweI

jd vzIr ^wn ƒ i^jr ^wn qy aus dy dohW p`uqrW dy mrn Aqy Syr muhMmd ^wn dy z^mI hox

Aqy mlyrI &OjW dI hwr dI ^br p`ujI qW auh bVw duKI hoieAw[ pr aus ny id`lI Aqy lwhOr qoN hor &Oj Aqy hiQAwr mMgvw ley hoey sn[ hux vzIr ^wn kol bypnwh golw bwrUd, hiQAwr, GoVy qy hwQI vI sn[ aus dI &Oj dI igxqI vI bhuq sI[ pr auh bMdw isMG dw hmlw aufIkxw nhIN cwhMudw sI[ auh cwhMudw sI ik is`KW ’qy Acwnk hI hmlw kr id`qw jwvy; dUjw auh bMdw isMG ƒ srhMd qoN bwhr hI t`krnw cwhMudw sI[

vzIr ^wn ny ies dy nwl iek hor cwl vI KyfI[ aus ny s`ucw nMd dy iek BqIjy gMfw m`l ƒ iek hzwr ihMdU &OjI dy ky bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW ivc Swiml hox vwsqy C`q-bnUV vl tor idqw[ aus dI plwn ieh sI ik jMg SurU hMuidAW hI ieh swry ZdwrI kr ky mYdwn C`f ky B`j jwx ijs nwl is`K &OjW ivc KlblI m`c jwvy qy iesy aulJx ivc auh mwry jwx jW mYdwn C`f jwx[ jd ieh j`Qw bMdw isMG dy kYNp ivc phMuicAw qW is`K ƒ ienHW dI g`l ’qy XkIn nw AwieAw ik ieh vzIr ^wn qoN bwZI ho ky is`KW nwl Aw rly hn[ ies kr ky bMMdw isMG ny &Yslw kIqw ik ienW ƒ A`gy lwaux dI QW sB qoN Aw^rI kqwrW ivc riKAw jwey[

hux swry is`K c`pV-icVI dI jUh ivc iek`Ty ho gey[ (Aijhw jwpdw hY ik kdy ies QW ’qy iek v`fw C`pV Aqy nyVy hI iek iJVI hovygI, ijs dw nW mgroN ‘C`pV-iJVI’ qoN ivgV ky c`pV-icVI bx igAw hovygw)[ bMdw isMG ny jUh ivc iek`Ty ho ky srhMd ’qy hmly dI iqAwrI kr leI[ ie`QoN srhMd qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr sI[ pr ies qoN pihlW ik is`K &OjW srhMd vl kUc kr skdIAW, aunHW ƒ ^br iml geI ik vzIr ^wn vI iek v`fI &Oj ƒ lY ky auDr vl tur cukw hY[ ies ’qy bMdw isMG ny swrIAW &OjW ƒ cwr ih`isAW ivc vMf idqw[ is`KW kol hux qk Cy qopW vI Aw cukIAW sn[ mShUr qopcI BweI Swhbwz isMG ƒ ienHW dw cwrj sMBwl idqw igAw[ &OjW dI kmWf &qih isMG, krm isMG, Drm isMG Aqy AwlI isMG ƒ sONp id`qI geI[ bMdw isMG ny Awp iek it`by ’qy morcy lw ley Aqy swrI hwlq qy ingwh rKx lg ipAw[ ^w&I ^wn muqwibk is`K &OjW dI igxqI qIh qoN cwlHI hzwr sI[ aunHW kol vDIAw hiQAwr nhIN sn qy isr& qlvwrW, nyzy, qIr kmwn qy kuJ kU bMdUkW sn[^vi12 meI 1710 dI svyr qk vzIr ^wn dI &Oj vI phMuc cukI sI[ BwvyN FwFI lok vzIr ^wn dI &Oj iek l`K dy krIb dsdy hn pr vzIr ^wn kol kul 5-6 hzwr GoVsvwr, 7-8 hzwr bMdUkcI, 8 hzwr ZwzI (jhwd vwly) Aqy kuJ pYdl &Oj vI sI (Xwin kul vIh hzwr)<sup>vii</sup>[ aus dI &Oj ivc sB qoN A`gy hwQI sn[ srhMdI &Oj ivc swry pwisEN “Xw AlI, Xw AlI” dIAW AwvwzW Aw rhIAW sn[ ies ‘qy is`KW ny “Akwl! Akwl!!” dy jYkwry gjwauxy SurU kr idqy[ is`K jrnYlW ny ‘s`cw pwqSwh’ Aqy ‘&qih drSn’ dy nvyN jYkwry vI GV ley ikauN ik ieh jYkwry ‘AlHw hU Akbr’ vWg jwpdy sn[ lVweI SurU huMidAW hI jdoN hwQI is`KW dIAW qopW dI mwr dy dwiery ivc Aw gey qW is`KW ny iek dm goly brsw ky hwQIAW ƒ KdyVn dI koiSS kIqI[ vzIr ^wn dI &Oj dy kuJ hwQI z^mI ho ky icMGwVdy hoey ip`Cy nUM dOVy Aqy Awpxy hI &OjIAW nUM hI z^mI kr gey[

ies dy jvwb vjoN srhMd dI &Oj dIAW qopW vI vrHn lg peIAW[ is`K &OjW ikauN ik iJVI vwly pwsy sn ies kr ky aunW ƒ drKqW dI Et iml geI[ auDr is`KW dIAW qopW ny srhMdI qopcIAW ƒ AwpxI mwr hyT lY AWdw[ ienHW qopcIAW dy mwry jwx mgroN srhMdI &Oj v`loN qopW dI golwbwrI bMd ho geI[ hux keI is`K GoVsvwr srhMdI &OjW ivc jw vVy Aqy v`F-tu`k SurU ho geI[ is`KW ƒ srhMd ’qy bhuq gu`sw sI Aqy auh ies dy hwkmW ƒ szw dyxw cwhMudy sn; ies kr ky auh isr qlI ’qy rK ky jUJ rhy sn[ dUjy pwsy muZl Aqy pTwn &OjI qW isr& qn^whdwr sn[ jdoN bhuq mwro-mwrI ho cukI sI qW bhuq swry BwVy dy srhMdI &OjIAW ny jwn bcwaux vwsqy iKskxw SurU kr idqw[ ‘jhwd’ dy nW ’qy iek`Ty kIqy pTwn qy muZl vI, jMg dy qOr-qrIikAW qoN Axjwx hox kr ky, bhuqI dyr lVweI nw kr sky[ aunHW ivcoN bhuqy mwry gey jW mYdwn C`f ky B`j gey[

ies mOky ’qy gMfw m`l (BqIjw s`ucw nMd) vI Awpxy jwsUs ihMdU &OjI lY ky B`jx lg ipAw[ ies nwl is`KW dy Kymy ivc vI kuJ Gbrwht PYl geI[ ies ƒ vyK ky bMdw isMG it`ly qoN auqr ky Awp mYdwny-jMg ivc Aw igAw[ bMdw isMG ƒ Awpxy ivc KVw vyK ky is`KW dy hOsly dUxy-cOxy ho gey qy auh nvyN joS nwl srhMdI &OjW ’qy tu`t pey[ ies nwl srhMdI &OjW ny ip`Cy htxw SurU kr idqw[ ieh vyK ky vzIr ^wn qy aus dw vzIr su`cw nMd Awp AglIAW s&W ivc Aw gey Aqy srhMdI &OjW ƒ h`lwSyrI dyx lg pey[ sB qoN pihlI t`kr bwz isMG Aqy su`cw nMd ivc hoeI[ bwz isMG jd su`cw nMd v`l viDAw qW buzidl su`cw nMd ^O& nwl dihl igAw qy ip`Cy nUM B`j ipAw[ (mYdwn iv`coN B`jy su`cw nMd ny srhMd pu`j ky hI swh ilAw)[ ies mgroN jd bwz isMG qy &qih isMG dI ingwh vzIr ^wn ’qy peI qW auh GoVy dOVw ky aus vl Aw gey qy aus dy hwQI ƒ Gyr ilAw[ hux h`Qo-h`Q lVweI hoeI ijs ivc vzIr ^wn mwirAw igAw[ eyny ivc hI aunHW ƒ Syr muhMmd ^wn (mlyrkotlw vwlw, jo bihlolpur ivc mJYlW hQoN hwr Kw ky iPr ie`Qy c`pV-icVI ivc Aw liVAw sI) vI nzr Aw igAw[ is`KW ny aus ƒ vI pwr bulw idqw[ aus dw Brw Kvwjw AlI vI mwirAw igAw ienHW dI mOq mgroN iek vI pTwn jW muZl &OjI mYdwn ivc nw TihirAw[ swry muZl &OjI sB kuJ C`f ky ^wlI h`Q isr& jwn bxw ky B`j gey[ ieh lVweI 12 meI dI svyr qoN dupihr qk, isr& kuJ GMty, hI c`lI sI[

vzIr Kwn dI mOq ikM\ hoeI?: ^w&I ^wn muqwibk vzIr ^wn^ix golI l`gx nwl mirAw sI[ ies muqwibk Syr muhMmd ^wn mlyrkotly vwly ny ibnod isMG ‘qy hmlw kIqw[ eyny ivc iek golI vzIr ^wn nUM l`gI qy auh mr igAw qy Syr muhMmd ^wn dw iDAwn aus pwsy v`l ho igAw[

kn`eIAw lwl muqwibk vI vzIr ^wn dI mOq golI l`gx nwl hoeI sI[^xi lqI& muqwibk vzIr ^wn dI mOq iek qIr l`gx nwl hoeI sI[^xii mIr muhMmd Aihsn iejwd muqwibk “vzIr

^wn bMdw isMG v`l viDAw[ bwz isMG ieh vyK irhw sI[ auh GoVw Bjw ky vzIr ^wn qy bMdw isMG dy ivckwr Aw igAw[ ies ‘qy vzIr ^wn ny bwz isMG v`l nyzw su`itAw jo bwz isMG ny h`Q nwl boc ilAw qy vwips vzIr ^wn v`l vgwh ky mwirAw[ ieh brCw vzIr ^wn dy GoVy nUM l`gw[ vzIr ^wn ny ifgidAW hI bwz isMG ‘qy qIr clwieAw jo aus (bwz isMG) dI bWh ivc v`jw[ ies dy nwl hI vzIr ^wn ny bwz isMG ‘qy qlvwr nwl vI vwr kr id`qw[ pr ies qoN pihlW ik qlvwr bwz isMG nUM v`j skdI, &qih isMG ny qlvwr mwr ky vzIr ^wn dw s`jw moFw v`F id`qw[“^xiii vzIr ^wn nUM if`gw vyK ky bwkI &OjI jwn bcw ky B`j gey[ aunHW kol isr& bdn dy kpiVAW qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN sI[^xiv dsqUr aul ienSw dw lyKk Xwr muhMmd ilKdw hY ik vzIr ^wn dw isr iek nyzy ’qy tMg ky Aqy aus dy DV nUM bldW ip`Cy bMnH ky, GsIt ky, 20 iklomItr dUr, srhMd iljwieAw igAw[

is`KW dy iek j`Qy ny ShIdW dIAW lwSW sMBwlxIAW SurU kr idqIAW[ Awm crcw muqwibk 30 hzwr is`K ShId hoey Aqy 50 hzwr mugl-pTwx mwry gey[ pr ieh igxqI TIk nhIN jwpdI[ drAsl ieh igxqI qrqIbvwr iqMn qy pMj hzwr ivckwr hY[ ShId hox vwilAW ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb nUM Ssqr isKwaux vwlw ausqwd BweI bjr isMG vI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw bhuq swry is`K z^mI vI hoey[

ies jMg ivc is`KW ƒ 45 v`fIAW-CotIAW qopW, drjnW hwQI, sYNkVy GoVy Aqy bhuq swrIAW bMdUkW h`Q l`gIAW[

srhMd Sihr ’qy kbzw

lVweI ^qm hox mgroN z^mI is`KW dI mrhm p`tI kIqI geI pr is`KW kol eynI mrhm nhIN sI hr iek ƒ muh`eIAw kIqI jw sky[ ShId is`KW ƒ iek`iTAW kr ky aunHW dw sskwr kIqw igAw[ ieh swrw smW is`K Sbd gwauNdy Aqy pwT krdy rhy[ sskwr krn mgroN bwkI isK &OjW srhMd vl cl peIAW[ vIh iklomItr dw &wslw qYA kr ky is`K A`DI rwq vyly srhMd phuMc gey[ ies vyly Sihr dy drvwzy bMd sn[ is`K &OjW ny srhMd ngr ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ Agly idn iek in`kI jhI JVp mgroN is`K Sihr ivc dwi^l ho gey[ aunHW ny vzIr ^wn dI lwS dw jlUs k`iFAw Aqy iklyH dy kol lY Awey[ aunHW ny ies lwS ƒ iek dr^q nwl pu`Tw ltkw idqw[ ies vyly qk lwS ivcoN boA AwauxI SurU ho cukI sI[ CyqI hI igrJW Aqy hor pMKIAW ny aus dI lwS ƒ nocxw SurU kr idqw[ ieh dyK ky Sihr dy lok burI qrHW dihl gey[ aunHW ivcoN keIAW ny is`K &OjW qoN rihm dI mMg kIqI[ ies vyly qk Sihr ivc ^wmoSI Aqy fr dw mwhOl bx cukw sI[ is`KW ny Sihr vwsIAW nUM XkIn idvwieAw ik koeI vI is`K iksy bygunwh dw vwl vI ivMgw nhIN krygw[

hux is`KW ny iklHy vl mMUh kIqw[ ie`Qy zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ iklHy dIAW qopW dy goilAW nwl 500 dy krIb is`K ShId ho gey[ ies ’qy kuJ is`K iklHy dy nyVly iek B`Ty ’qy cVH gey qy auQoN aunHW ny iklHy ’coN goly brswauNdIAW qopW dy qopcI mwr id`qy[ hux is`K &Oj ny c`pV-icVI ivc srhMdI &Oj qoN KohIAW qopW nwl iklHy ’qy golwbwrI kr ky AMdr jwx dw rsqw bxw ilAw[ iklHy dy AMdr bcI-KucI srhMdI &Oj, jo Ajy AwkI hoeI bYTI sI, ny vI QoVHy hI smyN ivc hiQAwr sut id`qy[ bMdw isMG ny ienHW swirAW ƒ igR&qwr krn dw hukm dy idqw[ hux pUry srhMd Sihr au~qy is`KW dw mukMml kbzw ho cukw sI[ ies vyly Sihr jW iklyH ivc mu^wl&q krn vwlw koeI vI nhIN sI bicAw[ vzIr ^wn dw p`uqr smMud ^wn coKI dOlq lY ky id`lI vl B`j cukw sI pr s`ucw nMd Ajy vI Sihr ivc hI luikAw bYTw sI[

Swm vyly bMdw isMG ny muKI SihrIAW dw iek iek`T bulwieAw Aqy AYlwn kIqw ik is`K iksy vI bygunwh ƒ koeI qklI& nhIN Awaux dyxgy pr iksy vI mujirm ƒ muAw& nhIN kIqw jwvygw[ ies ’qy lokW ny rwhq mihsUs kIqI[ bhuq swry lok bMdw isMG nwl imlvrqx krn lg pey[ aunHW ivcoN iksy ny su`cw nMd dw vI Qhu-pqw ds idqw[ su`cw nMd Ajy Sihr ivc luikAw hoieAw sI[ auh c`pV -icVI iv`coN dOV Awaux dy bwvjUd srhMd ’coN dOV nhIN sikAw sI ikauNik auh AwpxI bySumwr iek`TI kIqI hoeI dOlq nUM sMBwlx Aqy k`F ky iljwaux dIAW skImW GVdw rih igAw sI[ aus ƒ igR&qwr kr ky aus dy n`k ivc nkyl pw ky aus ƒ Gr-Gr ivc iB`iKAw mMgx ’qy mjbUr kIqw igAw[ rsqy ivc lokW ny aus ƒ p`Qr vI mwry[ A^Ir burI qrHW zlIl ho ky s`ucw nMd mr igAw[ su`cw nMd kol bySumwr dOlq sI[ ies swrI dOlq nUM zbq kr ilAw igAw[ iebrqnwmw dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism ilKdw hY ik “ieM\ jwpdw sI ik aus ny ieh swrI dOlq iesy idn vwsqy iek`TI kIqI hoeI sI[” muhMmd kwism ieh vI ilKdw hY ik “lok kihMdy sn ik

 

vzIr ^wn dy vyly koeI AYsw zulm nhIN sI jo ZrIbW au~qy nw kIqw igAw hovy qy hux (zulm dw) koeI Aijhw bIj nhIN sI ijs nUM Pu`l nw l`gw hovy[ ijhw bIijAw igAw, iqhw v`iFAw igAw[”<sup>xv</sup> bMdw isMG ny su`cw nMd dy prvwr nUM vI szw id`qI[ aunHW nUM ijsm F`kx jogy kpVy dy ky Sihr ivc mMgx ’qy mjbUr kIqw igAw qy nwl hI Sihr ivc ieh muinAwdI vI krvw id`qI geI ik

koeI vI bMdw ienHW nUM iek kOfI qoN vD iBiKAw nw dyvy[ies dy nwl hI bMdw isMG ny hr aus S^s ƒ szw-ie-mOq idqI ijs ny lokW ‘qy zulm Fwey sn[^xvi su`cw nMd Aqy vzIr ^wn dy mihlW bwry

muhMmd kwism ilKdw hY ik aunHW dy “surgW vrgy mihl kWvW dy A`fy bx gey”[

c`pV icVI dI lVweI dI Asl qwrI^

c`pV icVI dI lVweI 12 meI 1710 dy idn hoeI sI, Agly idn Sihr srhMd Aqy ies dy iklHy ’qy vI kbzw ho cukw sI[ [ srhMd ’qy is`KW dw kbzw hox dI ^br bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ƒ bhwsU ngr dy pVwA ’qy 20 meI 1710 nUM imlI sI^xvii[ AMgryz lyKk ierivn (ikqwb lytr muZlz) ny srhMd dI lVweI dI qwrI^ 22 meI ilKI hY jo ik Zlq hY[ drAsl aus ny A^bwrwiq drbwir muA`lw dI iek ibn-qwrI^ AYNtrI (13 &rvrI 1712 dI AYNtrI qoN ip`CoN CpI) qoN ZlqI KwDI sI[ jy qwrI^ 22 meI huMdI qW bwdSwh nUM 20 meI nUM ^br ikvyN iml skdI _sI

bMdw isMG dw muslmwn SihrIAW nwl slUk

BwvyN bMdw isMG ny swry duSmxW ƒ s^q szw dy idqI sI pr aus ny g`usy ivc kdy vI iksy ƒ qMg nhIN kIqw[ hor qW hor gurU Arjn swihb Aqy gurU qyg bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI ’qy ^uSI mnwaux vwly srhMdI SYKW ƒ vI kuJ nhIN ikhw[ drAsl bMdw isMG dI jMg muslmwnW dy i^lw& nhIN sI blik zulm krn vwilAW dy i^lw& sI[ iesy kr ky bMdw isMG ny iksy vI ieslwmI Adwry ’qy hmlw nhIN kIqw[

A`j iqMn sO swl mgroN vI (2015 ivc), bMdw isMG dy srhMd ’qy hmly qoN iqMn sO swl mgroN vI, SYK Aihmd srhMdI dw mzwr Aqy fyrw, lwl msijd, sdny ksweI dI msijd, (nyVy qlwnIAW ivc) ausqwd qy Swigrd dy mkbry, mIry-mIrW ipMf ivc bihlol loDI dy juAweI dw mzwr Aqy hor keI msijdW qy mkbry Aj vI srhMd qy ies dy Awly-duAwly Awpxy jOhy-jlwl ivc KVyH hn[ jy bMdw isMG ieslwm-ivroDI huMdw qW auh ienHW iemwrqW ƒ jy qbwh nw vI krdw qW nukswn zrUr phuMcwauNdw[

srhMd ivcoN bMdw isMG nUM kroVW rupY dw ^zwnw imilAw

kwmvr ^wn muqwibk^xix bMdw isMG nUM srhMd ivc vzIr ^wn dy ^zwny ivcoN 2 kroV rupY dI dOlq hwisl hoeI sI; ieM\ hI su`cw nMd dy mihl ivcoN vI keI l`K rupY brwmd hoey sn[ A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw muqwibk<sup>xx</sup> rusqm idl ^wn ny bwdSwh nUM d`isAw sI ik bMdw isMG ny do kroV rupY nwhn dy rwjy kol Amwnq vjoN jmHw krvw id`qy sn[ A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw muqwibk^xxi bMdw isMG kol bhuq swry sony dy is`kY sn lohgVH ’qy muZl &Oj dy hmly qoN kuJ idn pihlW ieh swrw sonw cwlHI aUTW ’qy l`d ky nwhn dy rwjy kol Amwnq vjoN jmHW krvw id`qw sI[

srhMd ’qy kbzw krn mgroN bMdw isMG ny srhMd dy iklHy ’qy Kwlsy dw nIlw inSwn swihb lihrwieAw[ aus ny bwj isMG bMgySrI ƒ srhMd dw sUbydwr Aqy AwlI isMG slOdI vwly ƒ nwieb-sUbydwr qweInwq kIqw[

zmINdwrw isstm ^qm krnw

bMdw isMG ny 27 meI 1710 dy idn iklyH dy bwhr Awm lokW dw iek iek`T bulwieAw Aqy lok rwj dw AYlwn kr idqw[ aus ny ieh vI ikhw ik zmIn dw mwlk kwSqkwr (vwhI krn vwlw ikrswn) hI hovygw Aqy auh isr& iek iqhweI vtweI srkwr ƒ bMDwn vjoN dyvygw[ bMdw isMG ny zmINdwrI isstm au~kw hI ^qm krn dw vI AYlwn kr idqw[

ieh bMdw isMG hI sI ijs ny ‘dilq’ jwxy jWdy, hIxy qy ingUxy ijhy ikswnW nUM j`t Aqy zmInW dy mwilk bxw id`qw sI[ ieh g`l kwbly-izkr hY ik dunIAW Br ivc jwgIrdwrI dw sB qoN pihlw ^wqmw bwbw bMdw isMG ny is`K homlYNf ivc kIqw sI[

is`K is`kw jwrI krnw

ies dy nwl hI bMdw isMG ny Kwlsw rwj dw nvW is`kw vI jwrI kIqw [ ies dy iek pwsy ieh iliKAw sI:

is`kw zd br hrdo Aw`ilm, qyiZ nwnk vwihb Asq &qih goibMd isMG Swih-SwhW &zil s`cw swihb Asq

(dohW jhwnW dy s`cy pwqSwh dI imhr nwl ieh is`kw jwrI kIqw igAw[ gurU nwnk dI qyZ hryk dwq b^SdI hY; Akwl purK dy &zl nwl SihnSwhW dy SihnSwh gurU goibMd isMG dI &qih hoeI hY)

is`ky dy dUjy pwsy iliKAw sI:

zrb b Amwnul dhr ms`vrq Sihr zInqu`l b^q mubwrk b^q]

(dunIAW dy skUn Bry QW, jMnq vrgy Sihr, BwgW vwly q^q dI rwjDwnI ivc, jwrI hoieAw)[

is`K rwj dI muhr jwrI krnw

KwlsweI is`kw jwrI krn mgroN is`KW v`loN Kwlsw rwj dI muhr vI jwrI kIqI geI, ijs ’qy iliKAw sI:

Azmiq nwnk gurU hm zwihro hm bwqn Asq] pwdSwh dIno-dunIAW Awp s`cw swihb Asq]

(AMdr-bwhr, swry pwsy, bwbw nwnk dI hI vifAweI hY[ auh s`cw r`b dIn-dunIAW dohW dw vwlI hY) mgroN ies dI QW ’qy hyT ilKI muhr jwrI kIqI geI:

dyZo-qyZo-&iqh-E-nusrq byidrMg Xw&q Az nwnk – gurU goibMd isMG

(dyZ qyZ Aqy &qih ibnW iksy dyrI qoN gurU nwnk swihb-gurU goibMd isMG qoN hwisl hoeI)

ies qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik bMdw isMG ny nw qW Awpxy nW ’qy is`kw jwrI kqw Aqy nw hI aus ny Awpxy nW dI muhr clweI[ bMdw isMG ny hr kwmXwbI nUM gurU swihb nUM hI smrpx kIqw sI[ dunIAW Br dI qvwrI^ ivc kdy iksy jyqU jW hwkm ny A`j qk Awpxy nW qoN isvw kdy iksy hor dy nW dw is`kw jwrI nhIN kIqw[ hor qW hor, A`lHw dy nW ’qy Aqy ieslwm dI Swn dy nW ’qy hkUmqW kwiem krn vwly, muslmwn rwjy vI Awpxy nW dw is`kw jwrI kirAw krdy sn qy Awpxw ^uqbw pVHvwieAw krdy sn[ dUjy pwsy bMdw isMG qW ^ud nUM hmySw ‘gurU dw bMdw’ AwiKAw krdw sI[

srhMd dI ij`q dy idn qoN Kwlsy dw (bMdw isMG dw nhIN) nvW sMmq vI jwrI kIqw igAw[

BwvyN bMdw isMG ny srhMd dw inzwm bwz isMG qy AwlI isMG ƒ sONp id`qw sI pr auh Awp Ajy ie~Qy hI TihrAw hoieAw sI[ aus ny swrI dOlq jo G`to-G`t iqMn kroV rupY sI, g`ifAW ’qy ldvw ky lohgVH iklyH vl Byj idqI[ ienHIN idnIN hI bMdw isMG ny BweI rwm isMG qy ibnod isMG ƒ

Qwnysr ngr dI hkUmq sONp idqI[

mlyrkotlw ’qy hmlw

Awm qOr ’qy ieh prcwr kIqw jWdw irhw hY ik jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy in`ky swihbzwidAW ƒ vzIr ^wn ny kql krn vwsqy hukm id`qw qW mlyrkotly dy pTwx hwkm Syr muhMmd ^wn ny AKOqI “hwA” dw nwArw mwirAw sI[ Syr muhMmd ny koeI “hwA” dw nwArw nhIN sI mwirAw sI blik isr& eynw hI ikhw sI: “Awpxw bdlw duSmx dy mwsUm b`cy qoN nhIN blik aus (gurU) qoN hI ilAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[” auN\ Syr muhMmd ^wn is`KW dw koeI hmdrd nhIN sI blik k`tV duSmx sI[ aus ny Aqy aus dy BrwvW, pu`qrW qy BqIijAW ny vwr-vwr gurU goibMd isMG swihb Aqy is`KW ’qy hmly kIqy sn[ 12 AkUqbr 1700 nUM inrmohgVH, 7-8 dsMbr 1705 nUM cmkOr, 9-10 meI 1710 dy idn mJYl isMGW ’qy bihlolpur ivc Aqy 12 meI 1710 dy idn c`pV-icVI ivc vI zbrdsq t`kr leI sI Aqy srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn dy hr hukm ’qy Pul cVHwauNidAW is`KW ’qy Akwrx hI hmly kIqy sn[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc auh Awp, aus dy iqMn Brw Aqy do BqIjy mwry gey sn[ ies kr ky isKW ƒ mlyrkotlw dy pTwx hwkm vI bhuq cuBdy sn Aqy auh aus ƒ vI szw dyxw cwhuMdy sn[

srhMd ij`qx qoN bwAd is`K &OjW ny mlyrkotlw vl kUc kr idqw[ jdoN mlyrIAW ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K &OjW mlyrkotlw vl Aw rhIAW hn qW au~QoN dw iek SwhUkwr ikSn cMd bwbw bMdw isMG ƒ imlx pu`jw[ ikSn cMd bMdw isMG ƒ pihlW qoN hI jwxdw sI[ aus ny bMdw isMG ƒ Arz kIqI ik mlyrkotlw ƒ b^S idqw jwvy[ aus ny SihrIAW dI qr&oN coKI v`fI rkm bMdw isMG ƒ pyS kr ky Sihr ƒ lu`ty jwx qoN bcw ilAw[ jy kr ikSn cMd bMdw isMG A`gy &irAwdI nw huMdw qW mlyrkotlw vI qbwh ho jwxw sI (pr mlyrkotly dy nwSukry pTwnW ny ikSn cMd dI koeI Xwdgwr nhIN bxweI hoeI)[

AnUp kOr Aqy bulwkw isMG dw mslw

iek kQw muqwibk AwpxI iezq rKx vwsqy AwpxI jwn ’qy Kyf jwx vwlI iek bIbI, AnUp kOr, dI lwS ƒ mlyrkotlw dy nvwb ny kbr ivc dbw idqw sI[ bMdw isMG ny aus dI kbr l`BI Aqy aus dI lwS nUM kbr iv`coN k`F ky aus dw sskwr kIqw (Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ieh khwxI mgroN bxweI geI hovygI)[ ieM\ hI GuVwnI ipMf, ij`Qy rwmrweIAW ny iek is`K bulwkw isMG ƒ bhuq qMg kIqw hoieAw sI, bMdw isMG au~Qy igAw Aqy aus ny aunHW rwmrweIey guMifAW ƒ s^q szw idqI[ ies dy nwl hI bMdw isMG ny bulwkw isMG ƒ au~QoN dw Qwnydwr vI lw idqw[

ihMdU qy muslmwnW dw is`K bxnw

jdoN dirAwvW jmnw qy sqluj ivckwr is`K rwj kwiem ho igAw qW Kwlsy dI cVHdI klw vyK ky bhuq swry ihMdU Aqy muslmwn vI is`K Drm ivc Swiml hox lg pey[ ieh lok hkUmq dy &wiedy lYx vwsqy hI is`K bxy sn[ ienHW ivc mIr nwisr-aud-dIn (jo nwisr isMG bixAw), dIndwr ^wn pu`qr jlwl ^wn rohIlw (jo dIndwr isMG bixAw) qy keI hor vI Swiml sn[ (is`KW dy zvwl mgroN ieh dIndwr ^wn Pyr muslmwn bx igAw sI Aqy mgroN 1713 ivc ieh s`XdW nwl iml ky &r`^sIAr nUM g`dI ’qy ibTwaux ivc mddgwr vI hooieAw sI[ 1719 ivc jd s`XdW ny &r`sIAr nUM PV ky AMnHw kr ky mwirAw qW aus nUM aus dy mihl ivc D`ky nwl vV ky Aqy PV ky iehI ilAwieAw sI)[

srhMd dI ij`q vyly qy mgroN vI bhuq swry ihMdU vI is`K bx gey sn[ pr bMdw isMG dI ShIdI Aqy is`KW dy G`lUGwirAW vyly ienHW iv`coN bhuqy Pyr ihMdU bx gey sn[ bhuq swry ihMdUAW dy kursInwimAW qoN ieh rwz sw& pqw lgdw hY[ ieho ijhw hI iek prvwr, jo ihMdU qoN is`K bx ky Pyr ihMdU bixAw sI, prmw nMd (ikqwb bMdw bYrwgI dw ilKwrI) dw prvwr vI sI jo Awpxy Awp nUM ShId BweI mqI dws prvwr iv`coN dsdw sI pr drAsl iC`br bRwhmx jMqI dws dy pRvwr ivco sI[ (mhwrwjw) rxjIq isMG vyly is`K bxn dw frwmw/idKwvw krn vwly XU.pI. dy bRwhmx

Aqy jMmU dy fogry vI ies iksm dy ‘idKwvy dy is`K’ sn jo rxjIq isMG dw rwj ^qm huMidAW hI

Pyr ihMdU bx gey sn[

dyEbMd, shwrnpur, jlwlwbwd ’qy hmly

is`KW dI cVHdI klw vyK ky is`K sjx vwilAW ivc jmnw pwr dyEbMd prgnw dy ipMf aunwrsw dy kuJ lok vI sn[ jd jlwlwbwd dy &Ojdwr jlwl-aud-dIn nUM jd ies dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny ienHW is`KW nUM kYd ivc su`t id`qw qy qsIhy dyxy SurU kIqy qW jo auh is`K Drm C`f ky muslmwn bx jwx[ kpUr isMG nW dy iek is`K ny ies dI ^br bMdw isMG qk phuMcw id`qI[ ieh sux ky bMdw isMG ny dyEbMd nUM soDx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ bMdw isMG ny kuJ hI idnW ivc dyEbMd

’qy hmlw kr idqw qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies mgroN aunHW jlwlwbwd ’qy hmlw krn dw PYslw kIqw[ pr ies qoN pihlW auh shwrnpur ƒ ij`qx dw soc ky auDr nUM c`l pey[

shwrnpur vI aus vyly id`lI, lwhOr qy ihswr-&Irozw vWg iek v`fw sUbw sI[ ies dy 28 prgny sn[ shwrnpur dw &Ojdwr seIAd AlI muhMmd ^wn knOjI sI[ pihlW qW bMdw isMG ny aus nUM pYZwm ByijAw ik auh is`K &OjW dI isrdwrI mMn lvy[ pr auh is`KW qoN burI qrHW fr igAw qy Sihr qoN dOV jwx dI iqAwrI krn lg ipAw[ Sihr dy AmIrW-vzIrW ny aus nUM v`fI mdd dw XkIn idvwieAw pr auh eynw dihl igAw sI ik auh frdw hoieAw Awpxy pu`qr dIndwr AlI ^wn (jo Awp &Oj dw v`fw A&sr sI) Aqy Awpxy t`br Aqy Dn-dOlq lY ky id`lI ƒ dOV igAw[ aus dy jwx ip`CoN AmIrW-vzIrW qy kuJ muq`sbI muslmwnW ny kuJ &Oj iek`TI kr ky is`KW dw twkrw krn dI koiSS kIqI[ aunHW Sihr dI cwrdIvwrI nUM vI qgiVAW kr ilAw[ jdoN is`K &OjW ny hmlw kIqw qW ienHW ny Sihr dIAW dIvwrW qoN ^Ub golwbwrI kIqI Aqy qIrW dw mINh vrHwieAw[ pr auh swry iml ky vI is`KW dw mukblw nw kr sky qy CyqI hI shwrnpur ’qy vI is`KW ny kbzw kr ilAw[ ies vyly aunHW ihMdUAW, jo bMdw isMG nwl lu`t-mwr dI soc nwl rly sn, ny ^Ub lu`tmwr kIqI[ jd bMdw isMG nUM ies dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny ienHW nUM ^Ub lwAnqW pweIAW qy au~QoN dOVw id`qw[ mgroN ieh gu`jr-ihMdU shwrnpur dy Awly-duAwly lu`tmwr krn lg pey[

shwrnpur ivc bhuqI AwbwdI muslmwnW dI sI qy auh ZYr-muslmwnW nwl D`kw krdy rihMdy sn, ies kr ky ies ’qy is`KW dw kbzw hox mgroN ZYr-muslmwnW ny bVI rwhq mihsUs kIqI[ is`KW dI ij`q mgroN qy gu`jrW v`loN lu`tmwr krn kwrn bhuq swry AmIr muslmwn Awpxw mwl-m`qw GoiVAW ’qy l`d ky shwrnpur C`f ky id`lI cly gey[ bMdw isMG ny shwrnpur dw nW bdl ky Bwgngr (BwgWvwlw ngr) rK id`qw[

byht dy pIrzwidAW nUM szw

bMdw isMG kuJ icr shwrnpur ivc hI itikAw irhw[ ies dOrwn pRwcIn Sihr byht ngr (shwrnpur qoN 25 iklomItr dUr) dy ihMdU, is`KW kol Awey Aqy auQoN dy muslmwn hwkm Aqy pIrzwidAW (bhwaudIn zkrIAw suhrwvrdI dy ^wndwn ivcoN) dy iek AmIr t`br dy zulmW dI khwxI suxweI[ ies ’qy bMdw isMG ny kuJ is`K jrnYlW nUM &Oj dy ky byht vl tor id`qw[ au~Qy is`KW nUM bhuqI koiSS nhIN krnI peI Aqy aunHW dw Sihr ’qy kbzw ho igAw[ is`K &OjW ny pIrzwidAW nUM s^q szwvW id`qIAW[ swry pIrzwdy kql kr id`qy gey[ ikhw jWdw hY ik aunHW iv`coN isr& iek mrd hI bicAw jo aus idn vWFy igAw hoieAw sI[ ieh g`l jUn 1710 dy pihly h&qy dI hY[

jlwlgVHI ’qy hmlw

byht ’qy kbzy mgroN, jUn 1710 dy dUjy h&qy, is`K &OjW ny jlwl gVHI ƒ jw GyirAw[ ies gVHI ivc jlwlwbwd dy &Ojdwr jlwl ^wn ny kw&I &Oj r`KI hoeI sI qy aus dw kw&I mwl-m`qw qy Aslw vI eyyQy hI sI[ ies kr ky jlwldIn is`KW nwl t`kr lYx vwsqy pihlW qoN hI iqAwr bYTw sI[ aus ny jhwd dy nW ’qy bhuq swry muslmwn nOjvwn vI AwpxI &Oj ivc BrqI kr ley sn[ aus ny iklyH ivc vI BwrI imkdwr ivc Anwj Aqy Aslw jmHw kIqw hoieAw sI[ is`KW ny 20 idn ies iklyH ƒ Gyrw pweI riKAw pr brswqW dy idn hox kwrn auh kwmXwb nw ho sky qy auQoN muV

Awey[

jlwlwbwd qoN muVidAW is`KW ny AMbyqw ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies hmly ivc jlwl ^wn dw swQI pIr ^wn mwirAw igAw sI[ pr 20 jUn nUM is`KW dI t`kr ipMf rVH dy lwgy, ipMf kyhrw dI jUh ivc, dyhrwnw qy mukwd ipMfW ivc rihx vwly A&ZwnW nwl hoeI sI[ jlwl ^wn ny Awpxy poqry Zulwm muhMmd binAwrw qy pIr muhMMmd ^wn dI mdd nwl is`KW nUM zbrdsq hwr id`qI sI[ ies lVweI ivc keI is`K mwry gey sn qy bwkI B`j gey sn[ is`KW dIAW do qopW, pMj bMdUkW, Cy rwmjMgy, keI rweI&lW, do qlvwrW, iek hzwr qIr, cwr qMbU qy hor bhuq swrw swmwn jlwl ^wn dIAW &OjW dy h`Q AwieAw sI[ ieh hwr is`KW dI pihlI hwr sI[ ies lVweI ivc bMdw isMG Awp Swiml nhIN sI qy Amr isMG is`K &OjW dI AgvweI kr irhw sI[ mgroN Amr isMG ny d`isAw ik lwl kMvr gu`jr v`loN DoKw kIqy jwx kwrn ieh hwr hoeI sI[

shwrnpur ’qy kbzw hox qoN pihlW bUVIAw vI is`KW dy kbzy hyT Aw cukw sI[ ies Sihr nUM ij`qx vwsqy sB qoN vD bhwdrI gulwb isMG b^SI ny idKweI sI[ ies kr ky bMdw isMG ny ies Sihr dw nW gulwbngr rK id`qw sI[ bMdw isMG ny gurb^S isMG nUM ies prgny dw &Ojdwr Aqy AmIn lw id`qw sI[ bUVIAw dw kwzI, Swh muhMmd, D`kyKor sI ies kr ky bMdw isMG ny aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky aus nUM lohgVH iklHy ivc kYd kr id`qw Aqy nwl hI aus dI jwiedwd zbq krn dw hukm dy idqw[ gurb^S isMG ny lohgVH iklHy dy iklHydwr mINh isMG nwl rl ky kwzI dI jwiedwd ivc kuJ gVbV kr leI[ jd bMdw isMG nUM aus dI ies hrkq dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny gurb^S isMG nUM Ahudy qoN htw ky ikSor isMG nUM &Ojdwr qy AmIn lw id`qw[ ies qoN sw& zwihr huMdw hY ik bMdw isMG iksy muslmwn nwl vI izAwdqI nhIN sI hox dyNdw qy auh hr iek nwl ie`ko ijhw iensw& krdw sI[

ies qoN kuJ idn bwAd, 11 julweI 1710 dy idn, is`K &OjW ny nnOqw ’qy hmlw kr idqw qy ies ngr dy AmIrW ƒ ^Ub luitAw[ ie`ko idn ivc hI nnOqw qbwh ho cukw sI[ (ies dI hwlq ƒ vyK ky lok ies ƒ “PUtw Sihr” kihx lg pey sn)[ ies lVweI dOrwn mukwmI gu`jr qy ihMdU vI is`KW dy nwl Aw rly sn[ ienHW dw dwAvw sI ik auh gurU nwnk swihb-gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`K sjy hoey sn pr keI dhwikAW qoN aunHW dw rwbqw AnMdpur swihb nwl nhIN sI ho sikAw[

^w&I ^wn ilKdw hY ik nnOqw dI lVweI ivc jlwl ^wn ny Awpxy pu`qr dIndwr ^wn, BxyvyN gulwm muhMmd ^wn qy BqIjy hjbr ^wn nUM ByijAw sI[ hjbr ^wn ies lVweI ivc mwirAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN vI dIndwr ^wn ft ky liVAw sI pr ijq is`KW dI hI hoeI sI[ A^Ir dIndwr ^wn swQIAW dIAW lwSW lY ky jlwlwbwd muV AieAw[ shwrnpur dy &Ojdwr muhMmd AlI ^wn dy do BqIjy pIr ^wn Aqy jmwl ^wn vI ies lVweI ivc mwry gey sn[ ienHW dohW dIAW kbrW A`j vI shwrnpur-id`lI rof ’qy kwlySwh dy qkIey kol mOjUd hn[

jd shwrnpur dy &Ojdwr AlI muhMmd ^wn dy Sihr C`f ky B`jx dI ^br id`lI dy &Ojdwr nUM imlI qW aus ny aus nUM ‘buzidl’ grdwn ky aus qoN &OjdwrI Koh leI Aqy jlwl ^wn nUM sONp id`qI[

id`lI dy hwkmW qy AmIrW-vzIrW ivc dihSq

shwrnpur ivc is`KW dy kbzy mgroN id`lI dy hwkmW qy AmIrW-vzIrW ivc burI qrHW dihSq &Yl geI[ qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI dw lyKk ierwdq ^wn ilKdw hY ik “id`lI qoN mulqwn qk ieh rOlw pY igAw, pr QwnysroN lwhOr qk eynw zor sI ik kuJ ikhw nhIN jw skdw[ AYQoN qIk ik nzwmul mulk Awis& Swh ny, AYnw jwho-jlwl huMidAW vI, idloN fr ky bwdSwh v`l ArzI ilK G`lI qy id`lI dy AihlkwrW nUM qwkId kIqI ik hr koeI bhuq CyqI bwdSwh nuM ies hMgwmy dI ^br phuMcwvy[…aunHW dy qwjdIn dIvwn bXoqwq, hwi&z ^wn dIvwn, hsn rzw koqvwl…&^r-aud-dIn ^wn b^SI vwikAw nvIs, muhMmd qwihr vwikAw nvIs qy drvyS muhMmd kwzI ny A`fo-AfrIAW ArzIAW bwdSwh vl ilKIAW[ id`lI dw sUbydwr Aws&-aud-dOlw vI bVw fr igAw[ AmIr lok t`br tor sxy dUjy sUibAW v`l B`jx lg pey[”

drAsl ies vyly hwlwq ieh sn ik is`KW ny id`lI sUby dy Awly-duAwly swrw ielwkw ij`q ilAw sI[ iqMn sUby (srhMd, Qwnysr, shwrnpur) aunHW dy pyrW hyT sn[ Xwin id`lI dI swry pwisEN qkrIbn Gyrw-bMdI hoeI peI sI qy sUbw lwhOr dy hwkm vI is`KW qoN qrHbkdy sn[

lwhOr qy irAwVkI (mwJw) ivc is`KW dw dbdbw

ieh g`l kwbly-izkr hY ik bMdw isMG v`loN muZlW dy i^lw& j`dojihd SurU krn qoN s`q mhIny pihlW hI mwJy dy is`K muZl &OjW nUM hrw cuky sn[ ieh g`l 6 Aqy 12 AprYl 1709 dI hY jd cUhV m`l EhrI dI BVkwht ivc Aw ky lwhOr dy ifptI sUbydwr Aslm ^wn ny, p`tI dy AmIn, cODrI hr shwie, rwhIN gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ’qy hmlw krvw id`qw sI[ ieh lVweI pihly idn A`T-nON GMty hoeI sI[ ies ivc BweI mnI isMG, qwrw isMG f`l-vW, muhkm isMG EhrI qy hornW ny bVI bhwdrI idKweI sI[ ies lVweI ivc qwrw isMG dy h`QoN p`tI dw cODrI hr shwie mwirAw igAw sI[ dUjy idn dI lVweI dw mYdwn vI is`KW dy h`Q hI irhw sI[ ies mgroN muZl &OjW ny muV ky gurU dw c`k ’qy hmlw nhIN sI kIqw[

jd is`K &OjW ny srhMd ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qW p`tI, gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr), irAwVkI (ibAws qy rwvI ivckwrly ielwky) Aqy kMFI dy ielwky dy is`KW dy hOsly hor bulMd ho gey[ p`tI qy lwhOr vwilAW nUM Ajy s`q mhIny pihlW is`KW h`QoN hoeI hwr cyqy sI qy ies kr ky lwhOr dw nwieb sUbydwr Aslm ^wn vI aunHW qoN bhuq frdw sI[ srhMd ’qy bMdw isMG dy kbzy mgroN mwJy dy is`K gurU dw c`k ivc iek`Ty hoey Aqy aunHW ny vI ies ielwky nUM muZl qy pTwx hwkmW qoN Kohxw SurU kr id`qw[ is`KW ny pihlW-pihl lwhOr Aqy ksUr nUM nw CyiVAw ikauNik ienHW dohW SihrW ivc muZlW dI bVI v`fI &Oj vI sI qy aunHW kol iklHy Aqy Aslw vI bhuq sI[

btwlw (ijhVw kSmIrI mwl dI sB qoN v`fI mMfI jwixAw jWdw sI qy AmIrW-vzIrW dw

Sihr sI) Aqy klwnOr (ij`Qy Akbr dI qwjpoSI hoeI sI) lwhOr qoN mgroN dUjy nMbr ’qy sn qy aunHW SihrW ivc vI mwl-m`qw bhuq sI[ is`KW ny btwlw, klwnOr qy Awly-duAwly dy ielwky dy swry

ipMfW iv`coN srkwrI AhlkwrW nUM Bjw id`qw[ hux muZl hkUmq ies ielwky ivc isr& SihrW dIAW cwrdIvwrIAW qy ikilHAW ivc hI rih geI sI[^xxii klwnOr Aqy btwlw qoN mgroN is`KW ny

buqwlw, siTAwlw, Gumwx qy kwlw A&ZwnW ivc vI lu`tmwr kIqI[

lwhOr ’qy hmlw

p`tI, gurU dw c`k, irAwVkI Aqy kMFI dy ielwky ’qy kbzy mgroN, jUn 1710 ivc, is`K &OjW ny lwhOr ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ ies vyly lwhOr dw sUbydwr bhwdr Swh dw sB qoN v`fw Swhzwdw mAwzu`dIn jhWdwr Swh sI qy nwieb iek kwblI mOlvIzwdw seIAd Aslm ^wn sI[ is`K &OjW ny SwlImwr dy Awly-duAwly kbzw kr ilAw qy ^Ub lu`t mcweI[ is`KW ny ies ielwky dy bhuq swry AmIr-vzIrW nUM ^Ub lu`itAw pr Awm lokW nUM kuJ nw ikhw[ bhuq swry AmIr vzIr frdy mwry

B`j ky lwhOr Sihr dy AMdr Aw vVy[ is`KW ny Sihr ’qy vI hmlw kIqw pr auh Sihr dy gyt nw qoV sky qy cwrdIvwrI dy AMdr dwi^l nw ho sky[ &Ojdwr Aslm ^wn isr& bcwA dI lVweI

lVdw irhw ikauNik aus nUM AprYl 1709 dI hwr Ajy vI cyqy sI[ auN\ aus dIAW &OjW ny Sihr dw bcwA bVI bhwdrI nwl kIqw[

ieh lVweI do idn qk c`lI[ ies lVweI ivc dohW iDrW dy hzwrW &OjI mwry gey[ is`K &OjW BwvyN iklHw qW ij`q nw skIAW pr aunHW ny lwhOr dy Awly duAwly dy ielwky ‘qy kbzw kr ilAw[ pr, is`KW ny ie`Qy Tihrn dI bjwie ielwky dy muZl hwkmW qy hor AmIrW qoN, ijhVI bhuq

swrI dOlq Koh leI sI, lY ky r&U ho gey sn[ ^w&I ^wn muqwibk: “ies mOky ‘qy ielwky dy hzwrW cUVHy cmwrW ny is`K &OjW dy nwl rl ky lwhOr duAwly mIlW qk lu`t mcweI[”^xxiii

is`KW dy i^lw& jhwd

muhMmd kwism lwhOrI iebrqnwmw ivc ilKdw hY ik sqMbr-AkqUbr 1710 ivc is`KW ny Pyr lwhOr v`l mUMh kr ilAw[ lwhOr dy mOlvIAW ny lwhOr ivc eIdgwh (id`lI drvwzy dy nyVy, mOjUdw rylvy stySn vwlI QW) ’qy ‘hYdrI JMfw’ g`f ky, jhwd dw nwArw lw ky, ds hzwr qoN vD muslmwnW dw mulK`eIAw iek`Tw kr ilAw[ Swh jhwn bwdSwh dy v`fy vzIr sw`du`lw ^wn dw iek irSqydwr pIr muhMmd qkI, mUsw byZ (pu`qr ^udw vrdI ^wn Agr^wnI) qoN ielwvw mOlwixAW dy AwgU hwjI iesmweIl, hwjI inAwz byZ, Swh ienwiequ`lw, muhMmd zmwn rMGV qy mu`lW mIr muhMmd ies jhwdI &Oj dI AgvweI kr rhy sn[

ienHW muq`sbI muslmwnW nwl bhuq swry ihMdU vI rl gey[ ihMdUAW dI AgvweI Akbr dy vzIr tofr m`l dw poqrw (phwVw m`l dw pu`qr) kr irhw sI[ ies jhwd dy ^rcy vwsqy ihMdU vpwrIAW qy hor AmIrW-vzIrW ny vI Awpxy ^zwinAW dy mUMh KolH id`qy[ ies rkm nwl bhuq swry GoVy qy Aslw ^rIidAw igAw[ ihMdUAW iv`coN tofr m`l dy pu`qr ny sB qoN vD dOlq ^rc kIqI[ aus ny qW sYNkVy muslmwn nOjvwn BrqI kr ky Awpxy v`loN qn^whW vI id`qIAW[ aus ny AwpxIAW qopW qy bMdUkW vI lVweI ivc vrqx vwsqy dy id`qIAW sn[

BwvyN lwhOr dw nwieb Aslm ^wn is`KW qoN frdw Awp qW iklHy ivc luikAw hoieAw sI pr aus ny vI Srmo-kuSrmI iek hzwr ipAwdw &Oj Aqy pMj kU sO &OjI, Aqw-aulHw ^wn Aqy muihb ^wn Krl &rIdwbwdI dI AgvweI hyT, ies jhwd vwlI &Oj nwl Byj id`qy[ ienHW

‘ZwzIAW’ dI &Oj dIAW is`KW nwl iqMn lVweIAW, lwhOr dy duAwly ‘BrlI’ dy ielwky ivc hoeIAW: cimAwrI<sup>xxiv</sup> ksby dy nyVy kotlw byZm, iklHw BgvMq isMG (prgxw sihMsrw) Aqy BIlovwl (m`lHw) ivc[

sB qoN pihlI lVweI ipMf Brq qy ipMf rwxI kol kotlw byZm hoeI[ ie`Qy is`KW dy isr& cwr ku in`ky-in`ky j`Qy sn[ lwhOroN AweI hzwrW dI ZwzI &Oj ny is`KW nUM Gyr ilAw[ igxqI QoVHI hox kwrn is`K bcwA dI lVweI lVdy rhy qy hnyrw pYx mgroN Gyrw cIr ky Bj gey[ ie`QoN B`j ky is`K cimAwrI ipMf kol jw ky ruk gey[ hux ZwzIAW ny cimAwrI v`l vI cwly pw id`qy[ cimAwrI jWidAW ZwzIAW iv`coN kuJ kU bMidAW ny nyVy dy ipMfW ivc lu`t-mwr krnI SurU kr id`qI[ kuJ bdmwS ZwzIAW ny AOrqW nwl jbr znwh vI kIqw[ZwzIAW dy AwgUAW ny ienHW bdmwSW nUM szw vI id`qI[ pr ies dy bwvjUd guMfwgrdI qy brCwgrdI dIAW hrkqW nUM koeI ^ws TlH nw peI[

Agly idn igxqI dy is`KW qy ZwzIAW ivckwr Gmswx dI lVweI hoeI[ is`K igxqI ivc bhuq QoVHy sn[ auh ie`QoN B`j ky gVHI BgvMq isMG ivc jw vVy[ ZwzIAW ny is`KW nUM eyQy vI Gyr ilAw[ rwq vyly is`K ie`QoN vI Gyrw qoV ky inkl gey[ AglI svyr nUM gVHI KwlI vyK ky ZwzI &OjW bhuq ^uS hoeIAW qy kuJ icr llkwry mwrn mgroN, jyqU &OjW vWg, lwhOr v`l nUM cl peIAW[ lwhOr jWidAW rwh ivc hnyrw pY igAw qW auh rwq k`tx vwsqy BIlovwl ivc ruky[ aunHW ny rwq BIlovwl dy iklHy ivc k`tx dw plwn bxwieAw[ pr ieh iklHw eyfw v`fw nhIN sI ik ies ivc swry jhwdI smw skdy[ ies kr ky sInIAr A&sr Aqy purwxy &OjI iklHy ivc vV gey qy bwkI dy bwhr rVy mYdwn ivc hI lyt gey[

auDr jd is`KW nUM pqw l`gw ik jhwdI &Oj iklHy dy bwhr su`qI hoeI hY qW aunHW rwqo-rwq, cup-cwp iklHw Gyr ilAw qy phu &u`tidAW hI aunHW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies Acwxk hmly ivc

hzwrW jhwdI mwry gey qy bhuq swry jwn bcw ky B`j vI gey[ hux is`KW ny iklHy nUM Gyrw pweI r`iKAw qy AMdr Tihry &OjIAW nUM bwhr inklx ’qy mjbUr kr id`qw[ ies lVweI ivc tofr m`l dw poqrw, murqzw ^wn Aqy hor bhuq swry jhwdI AwgU vI mwry gey[ BIlovwl dI lVweI ny ies

‘jhwd’ dw frwpsIn lY AWdw[

ienHW iqMnW lVweIAW ivc Aw^rI ij`q is`KW dI hI hoeI qy aunHW ny ikilHAW ‘qy kbzw vI kIqw[ pr is`K ienHW ikilHAW ivc Tihry nhIN[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc is`KW dy i^lw& lVn vwly jhwdI iek qW nw-qjrbwkwr sn qy dUjw jd lVweI SurU hoeI qW auh SurU ivc hI is`KW dy roh qoN dihl gey qy is`KW v`loN gurU dy nW ’qy kIqy hmly dI qwAb nw J`l sky[ BwvyN iv`coN iek A`D vwr jhwdIAW dy AwgUAW ny aunHW nUM h`lwSyrI dyx dI koiSS vI kIqI pr fry hoey ispwhIAW ivc jwn nw BrI jw skI[ ies nwl is`KW dw dbkw hor vI kwiem ho igAw qy Awm lok hI nhIN blik

muZl hwkm qy &OjI vI is`KW qoN frn lg pey[ ies dIAW ^brW bwdSwh nUM vI phuMcIAW qy auh vI burI qrHW Gbrw igAw[<sup>xxv</sup> ieh g`l Agsq 1710 dI hY[

iek swl qoN vI Gt smyN (nvMbr 1709 qoN sqMbr 1710), Xwin isr& ds mhIny, ivc bMdw isMG dI AgvweI ivc is`KW ny dirAwvW rwvI qy jmnw ivckwrlw qy Awly-duAwly dw ielwkw Awzwd krvw ilAw sI[ ies vyly is`KW ny srhMd, smwxw, C`q-bnUV, bihlolpur, rUpV, GuVwm, kpUrI, mlyrkotlw, Qwnysr, Swhbwd, bUVIAw, Tskw, sFOrw, shwrnpur, idEbMd, nnOqw, byht, AMbytw, rwhoN, btwlw, klwnOr, pTwnkot, bsohlI (jMmU ivc) dy ikilHAW Aqy ngrW ’qy kbzw kr Awpxy bol-bwly kwiem kr ley sn[ ies qoN ielwvw cMbw, ku`lU, mMfI, iblwspur, nwhn, gVHvwl vZYrw phwVI irAwsqW ny is`KW dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI sI[ is`KW dy ienHW swry ielwikAW ivc Awpxy &Ojdwr, dIvwn, Qwxydwr, Awiml, j`j, kwrdwr lw id`qy sn[ id`lI sUby dy hwkm vI is`K &OjW dy nW qoN hI frn lg pey sn[

muZl bwdSwh dI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm

bwdSwh dw l`KW &OjW nwl srhMd v`l kUc

auDr, 2 jnvrI 1709 nUM, bhwdr Swh bwdSwh ny d`Kx ivc Awpxy Aw^rI Brw kwm b^S nUM hrw ky kql kr idqw[ hux bhwdr Swh dw koeI vI ivroDI nhIN sI bicAw[ 19 jnvrI 1709 nUM aus ny d`Kx qoN id`lI vl vwpsI dw s&r SurU kr idqw[ 29 jnvrI nUM bhwdr Swh dw pVwA

‘qwlwb husYn zwkr’ dy mukwm ’qy sI[ ie`QoN aus ny Kvwjw Abdu`lw ‘idl dlyr ^wn’ nUM lwhOr dw sUbydwr qy jMmU dw &Ojdwr bxw id`qw qy aus nUM id`lI qoN lwhOr jwx vwsqy pYZwm Byj id`qw[ ^xxvi

bhwdr Swh hOlI-hOlI Awpxw s&r qYA krdw id`lI v`l nUM jw irhw sI[ 6 mwrc 1709 nUM bhwdr Swh kmlwpur dI jUh ivc pu`j igAw[ ie`Qy aus ny iek bVw AjIb ijhw snkI AYlwn jwrI kIqw ik ‘jSn dy idn qoN ibnW, munwiem ^wn bhwdr (^wn ^wnw), AmIr-aul-aumrw zuli&kwr ^wn, cug`qw ^wn, mhwbq ^wn, Swh invwz ^wn qy hmId -aud -dIn, CyAW AmIrW qoN ibnW hor koeI jVwaU srpyc isr ’qy nw sjwey[’ 13 mwrc nUM bhwdr Swh ny iek hor hukm jwrI kIqw ik ‘iksy ihMdU nUM pwlkI ivc s&r krdw vyKo qW igR&qwr kr lE[’

29 mwrc 1709 dy idn bhwdr Swh mwdrI ngr pu`j igAw[ ie`QoN aus ny Asd ^wn (nvwb Aws&-aud-dOlw inzwmul mulk) id`lI qy muhMmd AmIn ^wn ‘cYn bhwdur’, &Ojdwr murwdwbwd, nUM

&urmwn Byjy ik mwrvwV (joDpur) dy rwjy AjIq isMh nUM nwbrI-AkwbrI (bZwvq) dI szw id`qI jwvy[ ienHW bwZI rwjpUq rwijAW nUM szw dyx vwsqy bwdSwh Awp vI rwjpUqwnw (hux rwijsQwn) v`l cl ipAw[ AjIq isMh (joDpur), jY isMh svweI (jYpur-AMbyr) qy Amr isMh (audYpur) rwjy, 1708 ivc bhwdr Swh nwl d`Kx dI muihMm ’qy gey sn, pr rsqy ivc hI, mMdsOr qoN, muV Awey sn[ ienHW rwjpUq rwijAW ny vwips Aw ky Awly-duAwly dy muZl A&sr kql kr ky Awpxw mukMml kbzw kwiem kr ilAw sI[

21 Agsq 1709 dy idn bhwdr Swh swmrdw ngr pu`j igAw[ ie`QoN aus ny kwzI kurbwn dy pu`qr mIr Abdu`lw slwm nUM lwhOr dw koqvwl bxwaux dw &urmwn jwrI kIqw[ aus ny 23 Agsq nUM AlI mrdwn ^wn (zbrdsq ^wn) nUM kSmIr dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw[ bhwdr Swh ny iesy idn ieh hukm vI jwrI kIqw ik ‘ihMdU AihlkwrW dy mnsbW ivc ibnw-Srq svwrW dI igxqI Gtw

id`qI jwvy[’ 12 AkqUbr 1709 dy idn bhwdr Swh ny Alqw& ^wn nUM lwhOr dw b^SI qy vkwieAw ingwr (^brW dw ilKwrI) bxw id`qw sI[^xxvii

bwdSwh nUM is`KW dIAW ij`qW dIAW ^brW imlxw

25 &rvrI 1710 nUM bhwdr Swh jmrOlI ksby ivc phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy aus nUM srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn dw iek ^q imilAw ijs ivc aus ny iliKAw sI ik “Kwlsw is`KW ny jo BVQU srhMd Aqy pMjwb dy gory ivc pw id`qw hY ik`QoN qk Arz krW[ aunHW ny cMgy-cMgy prgxy Ksqw-Krwb kr G`qy hn[ A`j hI ^br imlI hY ik prgxw bUVIAw qy sFOrw lu`t-pu`t ley gey hn[ srkwrI Aihlkwr mwr mukwey hn[ dHwmly dy Swnw-m`qy A&ZwnW nUM ^wkSwh brwbr kr id`qw (mwr id`qw) hY[”^xxviii ies ’qy bhwdr Swh ny inzwmul mulk nUM vzIr ^wn dw swQ dyx dI hdwieq ilK ByjI[

23 AprYl nUM bhwdr Swh nUM lwhOr sUby dy dIvwn rusqm ^wn dw ^q imilAw ijs ivc aus ny iliKAw sI ik “iek jxy ny Awpxy Awp nUM gurU ds ky, jmIAq joVnw qy &swd krnw SurU kr

id`qw hY[” ies ’qy bwdSwh ny 28 AprYl nUM eymnwbwd Aqy ies dy Awly-duAwly dy &OjdwrW nUM hukm jwrI kIqw ik auh lwhOr dy sUbydwr dw swQ dyx qW jo is`KW nUM szw id`qI jw sky[^xxix

 

5 meI 1710 dy idn bhwdr Swh Ajmyr phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy bhwdr Swh dy Byjy s&Ir jYpur, joDpur, Ajmyr dy rwjpUq rwijAW nUM lY ky bwdSwh kol phuMcy[<sup>xxx</sup> 10 meI nUM bwdSwh ny Swhzwdw AzImu`Swn dI is&wirS mMn ky ienHW iqMnW rwijAW dy swry ksUr muAw& kr id`qy Aqy aunHW nUM iK`lqW dy ky ivdw kIqw[^xxxi drAsl bwdSwh ies vyly pMjwb dI hwlq bwry vDyry i&krmMd sI ies kr ky aus ny rwjpUqW nwl smJOqw krnw hI byhqr smiJAw[

12 meI nUM prIq rwE hrkwry ny bhwdr Swh nUM d`isAw ik “iek is`K ny srhMd qy lwhOr dy ielwky ivc Awpxy Awp nUM gurU AYlwn kr id`qw hY qy aus ny bhuq swry bMdy Awpxy nwl iek`Ty kr ley hn[ aus ny shwrnpur ’qy vI hmlw kIqw hY[” ies ’qy bwdSwh ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik sUbydwr is`KW dy i^lw& &OrI AYkSn lYx[^xxxii

iesy idn, muZl bwdSwh dy drbwr ivc hwizr, AMbyr dy rwjy jY isMh svweI dy vkIl ny Awpxy rwjy nUM ilKI iek ic`TI ivc disAw ik:

“vzIr ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd) dy vkIl ny mYnUM d`isAw hY ik ies i&rky (is`KW) dy &swd nUM mwmUlI nhIN smJxw cwhIdw[ s`qr hzwr dy krIb bMdy sFOrw ivc iek`Ty hoey-hoey hn[ auh kdI gurU dw nW zbwn

’qy ilAwauNdy hn qy kdy kihMdy hn ik ‘iek drvyS AzZYboN Aw ky swfy nwl Swiml ho igAw hY[’ duAwbw vZYrw prgxy brbwd kr ky &qihAwbwd (ibAws dirAw qk) Cw gey hn[ vzIr ^wn dy ilKx ’qy nvwb inzwmul mulk (Asd ^wn) ny ihswr vZYrw dy &OjdwrW nUM SrIk hox vwsqy iliKAw hY pr ienHW ivcwirAW dIAW AwpxIAW iFMbrIAW tweIt hoeIAW peIAW hn[ vyKIey r`b dI kI mrzI hY? ies jmwq dy bMidAW ny lwhOr ivc vI KdyV-bKyV kIqI hY Ar keIAW nUM mwr id`qw hY Ar kihMdy hn ik shwrnpur nUM vI Aw GyirAw hY[… mukdI g`l ies vyly qk iesy i&rky dIAW qwkqW in`q vD rhIAW hn[ nvwb Aws&u`dOlw

(Asd ^wn) ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn qy ^wn du`rwn bhwdur v`l pYZwm Byjy sn ik auh aus pwsy is`KW ’qy iek dm cVHweI krn[ aunHW jvwb id`qw hY ik ‘AsIN qW Awp pRySwn-hwl hW; jy nvwb swihb auDr cVHngy qW (AsIN) nwl hI cly c`lWgy’[…g`l tldI nw vyK ky nvwb swihb ny Abdu`lw ^wn (Kvwjw) nUM vzIr ^wn pws Byjx dw &Yslw kIqw hY[ nwly lwg-lOxy dy &OjdwrW nUM qwkIdI ^q ilKy hn ik ‘Awpo ivc soQw kr ky ies i&rky nwl is`Jx[’ bwdSwh v`loN vI igrdo-invwhI dy &OjdwrW nUM qwkId hoeI hY[ Ar Abdu`lw ^wn nUM pMjIh hzwr Awlwiq-nukrw (cWdI dy is`ky) Aqy pMjwh hzwr rupey srhMd dy ^zwny iv`coN mdd vwsqy id`qy

jwx dw hukm hoieAw hY[ ^wn swihb dy Awp bury hwl qy bWky idhwVy hn, pr b`Dy-ru`Dy aus hukm nUM mMn ilAw hY[”^xxxiii

20 meI 1710 nUM bwdSwh Ajmyr dy nyVy bhwsU dy pVwA ’qy sI[ ie`Qy aus nUM ^br imlI ik

is`KW ny srhMd ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw hY qy au~QoN dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn nUM mwr id`qw igAw hY Aqy aus dw pu`qr jW jvweI mwirAw igAw hY jW PiVAw igAw hY[^xxxiv bwdSwh nUM disAw igAw ik

ies ^br dI qsdIk krnI Ajy bwkI hY[

24 meI 1710 nUM bwdSwh tofw ksbw ivc sI[ ie`Qy aus ƒ srhMd ’qy is`KW dy kbzy Aqy vzIr ^wn dy mwry jwx dI ^br dI qweId hoeI[ bhwdr Swh ny Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) dy mus`dIAW v`l hukm ilKwieAw ik auh ^wn jhwn bhwdur sUbydwr Alwhwbwd qy AbYd ^wn bhwdur nUM mdd vjoN 8 l`K rupY dyx; Ar A&zl ^wn nUM hukm id`qw igAw ik auh Swhjhwnwbwd jwvy

Aqy ^wn bhwdur, Abdu`lw ^wn, SmSyr ^wn, cyq isMh (zmINdwr kmwEN) qy AnUp isMh qy eIsw

^wn vZYrw nUM ‘gurU’ (bMdw isMG) dI qwVnw vwsqy Byjy[^xxxv

bMdw isMG dIAW ij`qW nUM swhvyN r`K ky bwdSwh ny mihsUs kIqw ik auh is`KW Aqy rwjpUqW dohW nwl iek`iTAW nhIN lV skdw[ ies hwlq ivc bhwdr Swh ny AMbyr, audYpur qy joDpur rwjpUqW nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& vrqx dI soc nwl, aunHW nwl smJOqw krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw Aqy 26 meI nUM aunHW dy ‘gunwh’ muAw& krn sbMDI &urmwn, kOl (vwAdw) pMjw lw ky qy jwgIrW prvwny ilK ky, Byj id`qy[ ies dy nwl hI bhwdr Swh ny Awp vI pMjwb v`l kUc krn dw AYlwn kr idqw[

27 meI nUM S&iSkn ^wn ny bhwdr Swh nUM Arz kIqI ik “jy cklw srhMd dI &OjdwrI loVINdI sm`grI qy jmIAq sxy bMdy (S&iSkn ^wn) nUM b^SI jwey qW ieh Zulwm, aus ‘gurU’, ijs ny &swd mcwieAw hoieAw hY, dw CyqI hI m`kU bMnH dyvygw[” b^SI-aul-mulk ny ieh Arz bhwdr Swh qk phuMcw id`qI[ (pr bwdSwh ny pySkS nUM kbUl nhIN kIqw)[^xxxvi

28 meI nUM bhwdr Swh nUM disAw igAw ik joDpur dy rwjw AjIq isMh qy jYpur dy rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM ‘gurU’ (bMdw isMG) dy ^q pu`jy hn qy aunHW ienHW ^qW dy jvwb vI ilK G`ly hn[ ieh dovyN rwjy sWBr qoN mnohrpur v`l kUc kr gey hn[<sup>xxxvii</sup> 5 jUn nUM bhwdr Swh ny ^wn^wnw (munwiem ^wn) dy Arz krn ’qy mhwbq ^wn (pu`qr ^wn ^wnw) nUM ienHW rwijAW v`l ByijAw qW jo auh aunHW nUM qs`lI idvw ky bhwdr Swh dy hzUir lY Awvy[^xxxviii 10 jUn nUM ^br imlI ik mhwbq

^wn ienHW rwijAW nUM bwdSwh kol ilAw irhw hY[ is`KW qoN fry Aqy Gbrwey hoey bwdSwh ny aunHW nUM ikhw ik auh iek pVwA A`gy jw ky rwijAW nUM SwhI Adb nwl ‘jI AwieAW’ kihx[^xxxix

10 jUn nUM hI bwdSwh ny lwhOr dy mus`dIAW v`l hukm ByijAw ik auh moey vzIr ^wn dy BqIjy muhMmd qkI nUM iqMn hzwr rupY rwh ^rc dyx Aqy bwdSwh v`l Byj dyx[ iesy idn bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik b^SI Swh invwz dI jwgIr dy Awiml (A&sr) is`KW qoN fr ky ielwkw C`f ky B`j gey hn[<sup>xl</sup> Qwnysr ivc vI hwbV-dwbV m`c geI hY[ pwnIpq (prgxw &Yzwbwd) dy bhuqy lok mwl-m`qw lY ky Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) n`s Awey hn[

11 jUn nUM bwdSwh iPr A`gy nUM tur ipAw[ rsqy ivc mhwbq ^wn dohW rwjpUq rwijAW nUM lY AwieAw[ AjIq isMh qy jY isMh svweI ny do-do sO muhrW qy do-do hzwr rupY inswr (vwrny) vjoN bhwdr Swh nUM Byt kIqy[ rwjy ny aunHW nUM vDIAw jwmy-joVy, jVwaU SmSIrW, vfmu`lIAW dwaUdIAW,

hwQI qy ierwkI GoVy hr iek nUM id`qy[ nwl hI bwdSwh ny im`Ty bcn kih ky qs`lI id`qI qy vqnW nUM ivdw kIqw[^xli

qzikrw slwqIn cug`qw dw lyKk (muhMmd hwdI kwmvr ^wn), jo ies vyly bwdSwh dy nwl sI, dsdw hY ik “mYN vyiKAw ik swrw phwV qy jMgl rwjpUqW nwl F`ko-F`kI BirAw ipAw sI Ar keI hzwr sWFxI svwr phwV dIAW K`fW ivc Kloqy sn[ pr bwdSwh nwl cwr SihzwidAW,

^ws inktI AmIrW qo ibnW hor koeI nhIN sI[” ies qoN sw& zwihr hY ik rwjpUq rwjy pUrI iqAwrI ivc sn Aqy jy bhwdr Swh koeI gVbV krdw qW aus dw kMm vI qmwm ho jwxw sI[

^w&I ^wn (muMq^bul lubwb ivc) ilKdw hY ik 12 jUn nUM bwdSwh bhwdr Swh Ajmyr pu`jw qW aus nUM pMjwb dy swry sUibAW ivc is`KW v`loN pwey BVQU dIAW ^brW imlIAW qy auh prySwn ho igAw[ bwdSwh nUM 22 jUn nUM ieh vI pqw l`gw ik bMdw isMG ny iklHw lohgVH ivc fyrw jmwieAw hoieAw hY[ ipCly h&qy iek idn auh ies iklHy iv`coN hwQI ’qy cVH ky, h`Q ivc nyzw PV ky inkilAw qy ie`QoN 12-13 iklomItr dUr gulwb ngr (bUVIAw) phuMicAw[ aus nwl FweI hzwr GoVsvwr qy ds hzwr ipAwdw &Oj sI[ bUVIAw ivc aus nUM ^br imlI ik is`K &OjW jlwl ^wn qoN hwr ky shwrnpur Aw geIAW hn[ jd bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik ies lVweI ivc is`KW dw kw&I Aslw qy cOdW hzwr ruipAw jlwl ^wn dy h`Q AwieAw hY qW aus (bwdSwh) nUM kuJ qs`lI mihsUs hoeI[^xlii

Agly idn bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik bUVIAw qoN bMdw isMG shwrnpur v`l c`lw sI[ shwrnpur prgxy dy ipMf bnyr ivc shwrnpur dw nvW is`K Qwnydwr Amr isMG aus nUM A`goN Aw imilAw[ bMdw isMG ny aus dy mUMh kol do vwr nyzw kr ky ikhw, “A&ZwnW nwl jMg ’coN n`s ky ikauN Awey E?” ies ’qy Amr isMG ny jvwb id`qw ik “ihMdU cODrI lwl kMvr gu`jr ny swfy nwl dZw kIqw hY[ iesy kwrn swfI hwr hoeI hY[” ies ’qy bMdw isMG ny ikhw ik “AsIN ieh bIVw Drm vwsqy cu`ikAw hY[ kI gu`jr qy kI ihMdU Awpxy Awp Aw ky nOkr hoieAw krngy[” ies mgroN bMdw isMG ny jwn muhMMmd, zmINdwr gulwb ngr (bUVIAw), nUM AwiKAw, “AsIN qYnUM swry prgxy dw

BUp (rwjw) bxw id`qw hY[ qUM jo gunwh kIqy sn auh AsIN muAw& kr id`qy hn[ qUM AwpxI jmIAq (&Oj) sxy jwh Aqy cONfly dy zmINdwr srdwr ^wn nUM lY ky Aw qy iPr jlwl ^wn nUM soDx vwsqy cVHweI kr[” bwdSwh nUM ieh vI d`isAw igAw ik gurb^S isMG ies vyly bUVIAw dw &Ojdwr qy AmIn hY[ ie`QoN dy AmIn kwzI Swh muhMmd nUM igR&qwr kr ky aus dw mwl-m`qw zbq kr ky aus

nUM fwbr (lohgVH) ivc kYd kr id`qw hY[ bMdw isMG ny ikSor isMG nUM bUVIAw dw mdwru`l mhwm (kwr mu^iqAwr) bxw id`qw hY[

iesy smyN bwdSwh nUM ieh vI di`sAw igAw ik bMdw isMG ny bUVIAw dw nW gulwb ngr qy

shwrnpur dw nW Bwg ngr rK id`qw hY[ ienHW ^brW nwl bwdSwh Pyr prySwn ho igAw[

pihlI julweI 1710 dy idn bhwdr Swh dw kw&lw rUp ngr pu`jw[<sup>xliii</sup> ie`Qy aus nUM murw& ^wn dw ^q imilAw ijs ivc aus ny iliKAw sI ik is`KW ny rwmpurw, nnOqw, JuMJwxw, bkOr, brswdU, sFOrw, krwnw, buFwxw, kMDwlw qy bUVIAw ivc Qwxy kwiem kr ley hn[ shwrnpur dw kwnUMngo qy bwZI gu`jr aus dy nwl rl gey hn[ bwdSwh nUM ieh ^br vI imlI ik 20 jUn nUM is`KW dI t`kr ipMf rVH dy lwgy ipMf kyhrw dI jUh ivc, dyhrwnw qy mukwd ipMfW ivcly A&ZwnW nwl hoeI sI ijs ivc aunHW ny is`KW nUM hrw id`qw sI[ is`KW qy A&ZwnW ivc hoeI lVweI bwry bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik jlwl ^wn ny Awpxy poqry Zulwm muhMmd binAwrw qy pIr muhMMmd ^wn dI mdd nwl is`KW nUM zbrdsq hwr id`qI sI[ ies lVweI ivc keI is`K mwry gey sn qy bwkI B`j gey sn[ is`KW dIAW do qopW, pMj bMdUkW, Cy rwmjMgy, keI rweI&lW, do qlvwrW, iek hzwr qIr, cwr qMbU qy hor bhuq swrw swmwn jlwl ^wn dIAW &OjW dy h`Q AwieAw sI[ ieh ^br sux ky audws hoey bwdSwh nUM kuJ qs`lI hoeI qy aus ny jlwl ^wn vwsqy iek iK`lq, iek &urmwn qy iek GoVw Byjx dw hukm id`qw[ bwdSwh eynI in`kI ijhI ij`q ’qy vI bwZo-bwZ ho igAw Aqy aus ny ieh vI ikhw ik srhMd qy shwrnpur dI &OjdwrI vI ies ^wn (jlwl ^wn ruhIlw) nUM sONp id`qI jwvygI[

2 julweI nUM bwdSwh nUM, bMdw isMG dI srhMd ivc ij`q qoN mgroN, is`KW v`loN AYlwinAw igAw AYlwn-nwmw pVH ky suxwieAw igAw; ijs dy bol sn:

Azmq-ie-nwnk gurU hm zwhr E bwqn Asq] pwdSwh-ie-dIn-E-dunIAW Awp s`cw swihb Asq]

(ies dunIAW qy aus dunIAW ivc gurU nwnk dI vifAweI kwiem ho geI[ s`cw gurU dIn qy dunIAW dw pwiqSwh hY)[

bwdSwh nUM disAw igAw ik is`KW ny Awpxy AjIbo-ZrIb ^u&IAw ‘boly’ muk`rr kIqy hoey hn[ auh iek-iek`ly is`K nUM ‘&Oj’ kihMdy hn[ aunHW ny Awpxw is`kw vI clw id`qw hY[ auh Awpxy hukmnwimAW ivc, jo AwimlW (tYks iek`Tw krn vwilAW) nUM Byjdy hn ‘sMmq pihlw’ ilKdy hn[ auh ipMfW ivc &slW dI vtweI krWdy hn; do ih`sy rwhk nUM dyNdy hn qy isr& qIjw ih`sw Awp lYNdy hn[ vzIr ^wn dy d&IinAW qoN ibnW hwQI, GoVy, nkd mwl qy ijxsW bhuq aunHW dy h`Q l`gIAW hn[ lokW ivc bVw rOlw-r`pw ipAw hoieAw hY[^xliv

ienHW idnW ivc bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik bMdw isMG Awp shwrnpur Aw pu`jw hY ies kr ky bwVHw dw s`dwq ^wn qy hor AmIr-vzIr bMdw isMG dw twkrw krn vwsqy iqAwrI kr rhy hn[ s`dwq kol s`q sO GoVsvwr &Oj hY[ jlwl ^wn ruhIlw ies vkq jlwlwbwd dI r`iKAw vwsqy ies ngr dy iklHy ivc bYTw hoieAw hY jo aus dy Gr muz`&r ngr qoN 45 kU iklomItr dUr hY[ s`q julweI nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik jlwl ^wn qy s`dwq ^wn dIAW &OjW dy Cy hzwr GoVsvwrW ny is`KW nwl ^Ub t`kr leI sI qy aunHW (is`KW) dw bVw nukswn kr ky ij`q hwisl kIqI sI[ ies lVweI ivc A`T sO isK mwry gey sn jW burI qrHW z^mI hoey sn[ bwdSwh nUM ieh ^br vI id`qI geI ik bMdw isMG vI mirAw igAw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh bhuq ^uS hoieAw[ pr jd aus ny ies dI qweId seIAd vjIh-aud-dIn qoN vI kIqI qW aus ny disAw ik bMdw isMG mwirAw nhIN sI igAw blik bc ky inkl igAw sI qy jlwl ^wn ny aus dw ip`Cw kIqw sI[

8 julweI ƒ bhwdr Swh ny iskMdrwbwd Aqy myrT dy      &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ƒ srhMd dw nvW &Ojdwr bxw idqw qy aus dy mnsb ivc A`T sO dw vwDw kr ky do hzwr svwr qy do hzwr zwq kr idqw[^xlv pr ies Aihmd ^wn ivc srhMd jwx dI jurAq nhIN sI[

23 julweI nUM bwdSwh audYpur phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy aus nUM pqw l`gw ik bMdw isMG ny pwnIpq au~qy kbzw krn vwsqy vI &Oj Byj id`qI hY[ ieh vI crcw hY ik au~QoN dy hwkm is`KW nwl rl

gey hn[ is`KW dw srhMd Aqy shwrnpur ’qy mukMml kbzw ho cukw hY[ b^SI muhMmd nsIr, is`K bx ky, nsIr isMG AKvwaux lg ipAw hY[ bMdw isMG ny aus nUM ^zwnw A&sr bxw id`qw hY[ ienHW dohW SihrW ivc iek vI muZl jW A&Zwn A&sr nhIN irhw[ bwdSwh nUM ieh vI di`sAw igAw ik bMdw isMG kol koeI ZYbI qwkq hY[ jd auh shwrnpur jwx vwsqy dirAw jmnw dy kMFy

’qy AwieAw qW aus ny dirAw nUM ikhw ik myrIAW &OjW nUM pwr krn vwsqy rsqw dyh, qW dirAw iek dm SWq ho igAw qy swrIAW is`K &OjW Awrwm nwl pwr ho geIAW[^xlvi

25 julweI nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik is`KW ny shwrnpur, nnOqw vZYrw pUrI qrHW kbzy ivc kr ley hn[ bwdSwh nUM Arz pu`jI ik auh i&roz ^wn myvwqI dI kmWf hyT SwhI &Oj bMdw isMG

dy i^lw& Byj dyvy[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny rusqm idl ^wn rwhIN i&roz ^wn myvwqI nUM is`KW dy i^lw& &Oj iljwaux dw hukm dy idqw[^xlvii 28 julweI nUM bwdSwh ny bwVHw dy seIAd vjIh-aud-

dIn, ausmwn ^wn krwvl qy rusqm idl ^wn dy Brw sulqwn kulI ^wn nUM vI i&roz ^wn myvwqI

dy nwl jwx dI iejwzq dy id`qI[ bwdSwh ny myvwqI nUM pMjwh hzwr rupY vI ^rcy vwsqy id`qy[^xlviii

hux bwdSwh ny Awp pMjwb ivc v`fw AYkSn krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ aus ny cwr Agsq nUM audYpur dy rwjy Amr isMh nUM iK`lq, ijgh klgI, sunihrI kwTI sxy GoVw, Jwlrdwr pwlkI vZYrw eInwm vjoN id`qy qW jo aus nUM vI is`KW i^lw& muihMm ivc iljwieAw jw sky[ 14 Agsq nUM bwdSwh mdgWv ivc sI[ ie`Qy aus ny &urmwn jwrI kIqw ik ‘bwdSwh dy kw&ly dw koeI jxw vI

Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) nw jwvy qy nw hI rwjDwnI qoN iksy nUM SwhI lSkr ivc vVn id`qw jwvy[’^xlix bwdSwh Awp vI id`lI nhIN igAw Aqy is`Dw hI sonIpq v`l clw igAw[ bwdSwh nwl

lKnaU, murwdwbwd Aqy id`lI dy sUbydwr vI AwpxIAW &OjW sxy Swiml ho gey[ ies qoN ielwvw bwVHw swdwq (izlHw muz`&r ngr) dw seIAd Abdu`lw (sUbydwr Alwhwbwd), do ihMdU rwjpUq rwjy cqrswl buMdylw qy auidq isMh buMdylw vI AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky bwdSwh dy nwl cl pey[

26 Agsq nUM bwdSwh ny kmwEN dy ihMdU rwjy nUM hukm ByijAw ik auh bMdw isMG dw ip`Cw kry qy aus nUM szw dyx mgroN bwdSwh kol pyS hovy[<sup>l</sup> 28 Agsq nUM sRIngr-gVHvwl dy rwjy &qih Swh nUM vI hukm ByijAw igAw ik auh nwnk pMQIAW (is`KW) dy i^lw& muihMm SurU kry[

ienHW idnW ivc i&roz ^wn myvwqI Aqy bwVHw dy seIAd vjIh-aud-dIn ivc &rk Aw gey[ vjIh-aud-dIn rus ky Awpxy ngr clw igAw[ Agly idn 5 sqMbr nUM jd ieh ^br bwdSwh nUM imlI qW aus ny gu`sy ivc Aw ky aus dw mnsb pMMj sO zwq Gtwaux dw &urmwn jwrI kr id`qw Aqy do gurj-brdwr Byj ky aus nUM drbwr ivc pyS hox dw hukm id`qw[

au~Dr Xmnw pwr m`lHW mwrn mgroN bMdw isMG ny vI pMjwb vl vwpsI SurU kr idqw[ aus ny ibnod isMG Aqy rwm isMG ƒ cwr hzwr svwr dy ky pwnIpq Aqy qrwvVI ’qy kbjw krn vwsqy

Byj idqw[ BweI BgqU prvwr dy BweI &qih isMG qy gurb^S isMG, bwbw PUl prvwr dy iqlok isMG qy rwm isMG Aqy BweI rUpy dy byty prm isMG qy Drm isMG ƒ mwlvw (smwxw, l`KI jMgl Aqy iqhwVw) dw ielwkw sONp ky bMdw isMG Awp lohgVH iklHy vl rvwnw ho igAw[

muMq^bul lubwb dw lyKk muhMmd hwiSm ^w&I ^wn ies smyN dI hwlq bwry ilKdw hY:

“eyDr rwjDwnI Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) qoN do-qrY pVwau nyVy qk, qy EDr lwhOr dy gorhy qk, swry ksby Aqy mShUr Sihr, mrdaU qoN sYNkVy kohW dUr nwpwkW (is`KW) dI lut-mwr nwl burI qrHW dly-mly gey sn Aqy bMdy igxqI dI h`d qoN bhuq vDyry ‘ShId’ ho gey sn[ A r sMswr kw&rW (is`KW) dI mwr nwl brbwd ho igAw sI[ ^ws kr ky sFOrw qy krnwl ksby, sxy sbMDq ipMfW dy, ij`QoN dy &Ojdwr, Anyk swQI muslmwnW smyq, AwpxI AOkwq muqwibk mukwblw kr ky ‘Srbqy-Shwdq’ pI gey sn, bhuq izAwdw brbwd kIqy gey[”

28 Agsq nUM bwdSwh dy drbwr ivc vI pMjwb ivc is`KW dy    bol bwly dw izkr hoieAw sI:

“srhMd dy d&IinAW-^zIinAW bwry kI ilKIey! swhUkwrW qoN pqw lgdw hY ik doAwbw qoN mwmlw-vtweI AsloN hwisl nhIN ho irhw[ sdw Kwlsy-is`K vsUl krdy qy g`fy l`d ky fwbr (lohgVH), jo aunHW AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw hY, lY jWdy hn[ iek idn qW iqMn sO g`fy l`dI leI jWdy sn[ lwhOr qk aunHW dw rwh f`kx vwlw koeI nhIN[”^li

29 Agsq nUM bwdSwh ny iek nvW hukm jwrI kIqw ik jo ihMdU pySkwr bx ky hzUr AwauNdy hn, AwpxIAW dwhVIAW munw ky AwieAw krn[ ies hukm ’qy iek dm Aml krn vwly pySkwrW, dIvwnW, b^SIAW, mIr AwiqS qy hor i^dmq guzwrW nUM jwmy-joVy qy kMnW leI moqsrIAW eInwm vjoN b^SIAW geIAW[^lii

bwdSwh is`KW qoN eynw frn l`g ipAw sI ik hux aus dw isr& ie`ko-iek kMm rih igAw sI: bMdw isMG nUM ^qm krnw qy aus dw hr AYkSn iesy muihMm duAwly GuMmdw sI[ 29 sqMbr nUM bwdSwh ny mhwbq ^wn (pu`qr muneIm ^wn) nUM Awpxy kol bulw ky iK`lq Byt kIqI Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy jwx vwsqy hukm kIqw[ aus nUM ikhw igAw ik auh Awpxw morcw krnwl ivc lwvy[ bwdSwh ny nusrq ^wn, Zulwm nbI kulI ^wn qy seIAd hsn ^wn qoN ielwvw ihMdU rwjy rwjw Cqrswl buMdylw nUM vI mhwbq ^wn dy nwl jwx vwsqy hukm kIqw, jo aunHW ny ^uSI-^uSI kbUl kr ilAw[^liii

2 AkqUbr nUM bwdSwh nUM ieqlwh imlI ik i&roz ^wn myvwqI 28 sqMbr nUM krnwl pu`j igAw sI qy auh CyqI hI is`KW ’qy hmlw SurU kr dyvygw[^liv 12 AkqUbr nUM bwdswh nUM ^br imlI ik i&roz ^wn vI krnwl qoN 6 kU iklomItr dUr qrwvVI phuMc igAw hY qy is`K ‘sUr’ Qwxw KwlI kr ky cly gey hn[ 14 AkqUbr nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik jlwl ^wn ruhIlw qy is`KW ivc Gmswx dw jMg hoieAw sI ijs ivc 300 SwhI &OjI qy keI is`K vI mwry gey sn[^lv

rwhoN dI lVweI (AkqUbr-nvMbr 1710)

sqMbr-AkqUbr 1710 ivc is`KW ny rwhoN (audoN izlHw jlMDr, hux izlHw nvWSihr) ’qy vI hmlw kIqw qy kuJ icr vwsqy qW auh ies Sihr Aqy ies dy iklHy ‘qy kwbz vI ho gey[ jd ies dw pqw jlMDr-duAwb dy sulqwnpur dy swbkw &Ojdwr Sms ^wn nUM l`gw qW auh pMj hzwr &Oj lY ky rwhoN Aw igAw[ ies vyly iklHy ivc bhuqI is`K &Oj nhIN sI Aqy nw hI au~Qy rwSn vZYrw sI, ies kr ky auh iklHy coN inkl ky hyTW mYdwnI ielwky ivc Aw gey[ dohW iDrW ivc bVI zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ is`K vDIAw Asly dI AxhoNd qy igxqI ivc QoVHy hox dy bwvjUd ft ky lVy Aqy iek vwr qW Sms ^wn nUM hwr swhmxy nzr AweI[ pr QoVHI dyr ivc hI Sms ^wn dw cwcw bwiezId ^wn (kuqbdIn ^ySgI), sUbydwr jMmU, vI au~Qy phuMc igAw[ ksUr dw pTwn &Ojdwr aumr ^wn vI Acwxk auDr Aw inkilAw[ ienHW ny iklHy Aqy Sihr nUM swry pwsy qoN Gyrw pw ilAw[ is`KW ny ienHW iqMnW &OjW dw keI idn qk mukwblw kIqw pr Asly dI Gwt Aqy Kwx dw swmwn mu`k jwx kwrn aunHW nUM iklHw ^wlI kr ky dOVnw ipAw[ muZl &Oj dw Gyrw cIr ky inkldy bhuq swry is`K ShId ho gey[ isr& QoVHy ijhy hI bc ky inkl sky[

ies ij`q mgroN swrIAW muZl qy pTwn &OjW dy hOsly bulMd ho gey Aqy auh srhMd v`l cl pey qW jo aus nUM is`KW qoN Awzwd krvwieAw jw sky[ rwhoN qoN Sms ^wn ny mwCIvwVw dy p`qx qoN sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw qy ie`QoN dI iklHw-numw p`kI srW ivc pihlw pVwA kIqw[^lvi rwhoN ’qy Sms ^wn dI &Oj dy kbzy dI ^br bwdSwh nUM 15 AkqUbr 1710 dy idn imlI sI pr ies ieqlwh ivc Sms ^wn dI is`KW nwl rwhoN dI bjwie mwCIvwVw ivc lVweI d`sI hoeI sI qy mrn vwly is`KW dI igxqI do hzwr khI geI sI[ ies qoN kuJ icr mgroN is`KW ny Pyr rwhoN ’qy kbzw kr ilAw

bwdSwhI &OjW ’qy is`KW ivckwr qrwvVI ivc lVweI

rwhoN dy iklHy ’qy SwhI &Oj dw kbzw, is`KW dy i^lw& muZlW dI BwvyN pihlI ij`q sI; pr bwdSwh dI AwpxI ByjI &Oj dw pihly AYkSn qrwvVI nyVy, qkrIbn aunHIN idnIN hI (16-17 AkqUbr 1710), hoey sn[ bhwdr Swh dI ByjI 60 hzwr &Oj iv`coN i&roz ^wn myvwqI dI AgvweI hyT AweI &Oj ivcoN jrnYl mhwbq ^wn ny is`KW ’qy pihlw hmlw kurUkSyqr nyVy (krnwl qoN 24 iklomItr dUr) ipMf AmIn dI jUh ivc kIqw sI[ is`K jrnYl ibnod isMG kol ies vyly bhuq QoVHIAW &OjW qy mwmUlI ijhw Aslw sI pr iPr vI aunHW ny zbrdsq t`kr id`qI[ mhwbq ^wn is`KW dy h`ly qoN fr ky ip`Cy ht igAw[^lvii ies hwr mgroN i&roz ^wn myvwqI gu`sw Kw ky Awp A`gy viDAw Aqy swrIAW &OjW ƒ iek dm h`lw bolx vwsqy ikhw[ ies mgroN Gmswx dI jMg hoeI[ pr do-cwr hzwr is`K &OjI, 60 hzwr muZl &OjW A`gy, bhuqI dyr qk itk nw sky[ ies mOky ’qy sYNkVy is`K ShId ho gey[ i&roz ^wn myvwqI ny ShId hoey 300 is`KW dy isr ktvw ky bwdSwh nUM Byjy[ ies mgroN joS ivc Aw ky myvwqI ny is`KW ’qy do hor hmly kIqy[ qrwvVI Aqy

Qwnysr ivc 19 AkqUbr nUM dohW iDrW ivc ^Ub jMg hoeI[ dohW lVweIAW ivc is`K hwr gey[ Qwnysr coN hwr ky is`K sFOry vl cly gey, ij`QoN auh CyqI hI lohgVH vl kUc kr gey[ ies dOrwn is`KW nUM Swhbwd ivc vI hwr ho cukI sI[ ies ‘qy ^uS ho ky bwdSwh ny 20 AkqUbr nUM myvwqI nUM

^Ub eInwm id`qy[ myvwqI nUM iek l`K rupY nkd Aqy nwl hI (zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn nUM htw ky) srhMd dI &OjdwrI vI b^SI geI[^lviii

is`KW h`QoN srhMd dw Kus jwxw

jd bwiezId ^wn nUM isKW dI AmIngVH ivc hwr dI ^br imlI qW auh &Oj lY ky srhMd vl cl cukw sI[ aus nwl aus dw BqIjw Sms ^wn vI sI[ auh kuJ idn pihloN hI is`KW nUM rwhoN ivc hrw ky Awey sn[ ies kr ky auh qkVy hOsly Aqy au~cIAW hvwvW ivc sn[ auh 2 nvMbr 1710 dy idn srhMd kol pu`j gey[ ies vyly srhMd ivc bhuq QoVHI ijhI hI isK &Oj sI[ sUbydwr BweI bwz isMG vI ies vyly srhMd ivc nhIN sI[ is`KW ny Awpxy Awp nUM iklHy dy AMdr bMd kr ilAw[ A^Ir jd aunHW kol rwSn mu`k igAw qW auh 20 nvMbr dI rwq nUM rwSn lYx vwsqy iklHy ivcoN bwhr inkly[ muZl &OjW ny aunHW ’qy zbrdsq hmlw kr id`qw[ BweI su`Kw isMG bMgySrI qy

Swm isMG dI AgvweI ivc is`K POjW ny Sms ^wn qy bwiezId ^wn dI &Oj nwl XwkUb ^wn dy bwZ ivc qy ies dy bwhr ^Ub lohw ilAw[ pr QoVHI igxqI Aqy bhuq Gt Aslw hox kwrn is`K bhuqI dyr nw itk sky[ ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry is`K ShId ho gey[ is`K Awpxy jrnYl BweI su`Kw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN ip`Cy ht ky srhMd dy iklyH ivc jw vVy[ (BweI su`Kw isMG qy ienHW hor

ShIdW dI Xwd ivc ShId gMj gurduAwrw, lVweI vwlI QW ’qy, gurduAwrw &qihgVH swihb dy nyVy, bixAw hoieAw hY)[

pr is`K bhuqI dyr iklHw vI kwbU ivc nw rK sky Aqy 24 nvMbr dI rwq nUM hnyry ivc Gyrw qoVdy hoey KrV vl nUM B`j gey[ aunHW dw ip`Cw srhMd v`l Aw rhI muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI &Oj ny kIqw[ buVYl (hux cMfIgVH dw ih`sw) dy iklyH ’qy kbzw krn dI koiSS ivc is`KW qy muglW ivc KUb t`kr hoeI[ pr, ies t`kr ivc iek hzwr qoN v`D mugl mwry gey qy mYdwn is`KW dy h`Q irhw[

Sms ^wn ny srhMd ’qy kbzy mgroN is`KW qoN lu`ty mwl iv`coN cwr inSwn (emblem), iek inSwn swihb, cwr qIr, do nyzy Aqy is`KW dy isrW dy cwr g`fy 25 nvMbr nUM bwdSwh nUM Byjy[ bwdSwh ny ^uS ho ky Sms ^wn nUM iK`lq ByjI[ Sms ^wn v`loN srhMd ’qy kbzw krn dI muhMmd

AmIn ^wn nUM bVI qklI& hoeI[ drAsl ieh ishrw auh Awp hwisl krnw cwhuMdw sI[ ies g`l kwrn muhMmd AmIn ^wn Sms ^wn nwl eIrKw krn lg ipAw qy aus dw sdw vwsqy mu^wil& bx igAw[

SwhI &Oj dw sFOrw dy iklHy nUM Gyrw

srhMd ’qy kbzy mgroN hux isr& sFOrw qy lohgVH hI is`KW kol rih gey sn[ i&roz ^wn myvwqI qy rusqm idl ^wn dIAW &OjW ny sFOrw GyirAw hoieAw sI[ bwdSwh ny &OjW nUM hukm id`qw sI ik auh iklHy qoN kuJ dUr, iklHy qoN kuJ au~cw iek mInwr bxwaux qW jo au~QoN iklHy ’qy qIrW dw

mINh vrHwieAw jw sky (ies mInwr dIAW inSwnIAW A`j vI mOjUd hn)[ 24 nvMbr dy idn sFOry dy iklHy dy bwhr is`KW Aqy rusqm idl ^wn qy i&roz ^wn myvwqI ivckwr zbrdsq jMg hoeI[

Agly idn hor is`K &OjW vI au~Qy Aw phuMcIAW ijs nwl hor vI BKvIN jMg hoeI [ ies lVweI ivc cwr sO is`K ShId hoey[ AwpxI jwn nUM ^qry ivc pw ky lVn dy eInwm vjoN bwdSwh ny rusqm idl ^wn nUM iek ^ws Fwl qy qlvwr Aqy i&roz ^wn myvwqI nUM iek qlvwr Byt kIqI[ bwdSwh ny rusqm idl ^wn nUM ‘ZwzI ^wn rusqim jMg’ dw i^qwb vI id`qw qy aus dw mnsb vI cwr hzwrI iqMn hzwr svwr kr id`qw[

bwdSwh dw sFOrw qy lohgVH v`l kUc

BwvyN bhwdr Swh ny AgwaUN iek l`K qoN vD &Oj bMdw isMG dy i^lw& Byj idqI sI pr auh ^ud vI bwkI &Oj lY ky pMjwb vl Aw irhw sI[ 12 AkqUbr ƒ SwhI &Oj sonIpq, 20 AkqUbr ƒ ‘srwie kMvr’, 23 AkqUbr ƒ sMBwlkw, 28 AkqUbr ƒ GrONfw qy 30 AkqUbr ƒ krnwl pu`j cukI sI[ pihlI nvMbr ƒ bwdSwh nUM AzImwbwd-qrwvVI, Qwnysr Aqy srhMd dy nkSy pyS kIqy gey[^lix 10 nvMbr dy idn bwdSwh nUM &Oj ivc GoVsvwr &OjIAW dI dI igxqI bwry d`isAw igAw: v`fy Sihzwdy kol 31 hzwr, bwkI iqMnW SihzwidAW kol 15-15 hzwr, muneIm ^wn kol 11 hwr Aqy mhwbq ^wn ko 7 hzwr sn, Aqy ies qoN ielwvw bwkI mnsbdwrW Aqy ihMdU rwijAW

(Cqrswl buMdylw Aqy auidq isMh buMdylw Awid) dIAW &OjW vI nwl sn[^lx ies mgroN bwdSwh sFOrw vl cl ipAw sI[^lxi

bwdSwh 24 nvMbr dy idn sFOry dy nyVy phuMc igAw sI[ ies mOky ’qy muhMmd AmIn ^wn Aqy Sms ^wn dy Byjy srhMd ivc ShId hoey 300 is`KW dy isr bwdSwh nUM pyS kIqy gey qy eInwm hwisl kIqy gey[^lxii

bwdSwh dI &Oj pwnIpq qoN cl ky Qwnysr pu`jI Aqy ie`QoN Swhbwd qy brwVw huMdI hoeI sFOrw dy mOjy ivc rukI[ ie`Qy pu`j ky bwdSwh ny mCrOlI ipMf (qihsIl iblwspur) ivc pVwA kIqw[ eyQy aus ny rusqm idl ^wn Aqy r&I-aus-Swn nUM lohgVH dI morcwbMdI dw pqw lwaux vwsqy hukm kIqw[

mCrOlI ivc bwdSwh nUM ieqlwh imlI ik is`KW lVweIAW dOrwn SwhI &Oj dy jvwn bVI v`fI igxqI ivc mwry jw cuky hn[ ies ’qy bwdSwh fr igAw Aqy aus ny hukm jwrI kr id`qw ik koeI ihMdU aus dy nyVy nw Awaux id`qw jwvy[ hor qW hor, auh aunHW ihMdU rwijAW Aqy jrnYlW qoN vI frn lg ipAw, ijhVy ik sdw aus dy v&wdwr rhy sn Aqy lohgVH ’qy hmly ivc aus dw swQ dy rhy sn[ aus ny aunHW dy vI Awpxy Kymy ivc vVn ’qy pwbMdI lw id`qI[ isr& ihMdU rwjy qy jrnYl hI nhIN auh Awpxy v&wdwr ispwhIAW qoN vI frn lg ipAw[ muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk bMdw isMG kol iek Aqy fyF l`K dy ivckwr &Oj sI[ auDr muZl &Oj dI igxqI vI eynI kU _sI[lxiii

auh Awpxw fyrw (kYNp) lohgVH qoN 12 koh dUr (qkrIbn 38 iklomItr) dUr, dirAw jmnw dy kMFy, kwiempurw ipMf dy nyVy lY igAw[

lohgVH iklHy ’qy hmlw

bhuqy ieiqhwskwrW ny iliKAw hY muZl &Oj ny sFOrw ij`qx mgroN lohgVH ’qy 30 nvMbr 1710 dy idn hmlw kIqw Aqy Agly idn pihlI dsMbr nUM kbzw kr ilAw[ bMdw isMG bhwdr Awpxy bcy Kucy kuJ kU swQIAW sxy nwhn dIAW phwVIAW ivcoN inkl igAw[ lohgVH iklHw ’qy kbzw krn dI khwxI sbMDI, qkrIbn iehI jW ies nwl imldw-juldw vyrvw bhuqy ieiqhwskwrW dIAW ilKqW ivc imldw hY[ swry ieiqhwskwrW ny drAsl aunHW muslmwn ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW nUM ADwr bxwieAw sI ijhVy ik dwAvw krdy sn ik aunHw ny ieh swrI lVweI Awpxy A`KIN dyKI sI (^ws kr ky kwmvr ^wn, ^w&I ^wn) Aqy ienHW hI musilm soimAW dy ADwr ’qy ilKx dw dwAvw krn vwly AMgryz ilKwrI ierivn dI ikqwb lytr muZlz muqwibk:

29 nvMbr buDvwr dy idn bwdSwh, lohgVH iklHy qoN kuJ &rlWg dUr, som ndI dy kMFy ’qy, ipMf kmpo dI h`d ivc pu`j igAw[ hwlwq vyK ky aus ny hukm idqw ik KwnKwnw Aqy mhwbq ^wn

Agly idn is`KW dy phwVW ’qy bxy moricAW dw jwiezw lYx[ iehI hukm r&Iau~Swn Sihzwdw ƒ vI idqw igAw[ 30 nvMbr ƒ swrw jwiezw lY ky muZl &OjW ny lohgVH ƒ ieM\ Gyrw pwieAw:

• r&Iau~Swn prbq-p`ly qoN iek iklomItr htvyN, bMdw isMG dy fyry vl ByijAw igAw[ aus dy nwl b^SI-aul-mulk zuli&kwr ^wn dI ifaUtI lweI geI[

• ^wn^wnw Aqy b^SI mhwbq ^wn qy ^wn zmwn bhwdr (iqMny ipE-pu`qr) aus ielwky dy jwxUAW ip`Cy lg ky prbq dI Fwky (kmr) dwiKl hoey[

• ihMdU rwjw Cqrswl buMdylw qy ieslwm ^wn ‘mIr AwiqS’ ^wn^wnw dI muhrYlI &Oj bx ky AgWh vDy[

• hmId-aud-dIn ^wn, AzImu`Swn Swh bhwdr dy swQI qy jhwn Swh bhwdur dy cwkr, au~pr izkr kIqy iqMnW dlW dI mdd vwsqy, mgr-mgr tury[^lxiv

lohgVH ivc ies vyly nw qW bhuqI is`K &Oj sI, nw Aslw qy nw rwSn[ isr& iqMn qopW sn qy cOQI qop iemlI dw qnw Kod ky bxweI hoeI sI[ pr ienHw qopW vwsqy vI bwrUd bhuq QoVHw sI [ muslmwn ilKwrI kwmvr ilKdw hY ik:

“pihr idn ciVHAw sI[ ^wn^wnw (muneIm ^wn) ny 5 hzwr swQIAW sxy is`KW dy phwV dI isKr ‘qy bxy moricAW au~qy hmlw kIqw[ qop-qu&Mg dw bVw krwrw jMg hoieAw[ ^wn^wnw lohgVH dI kot-KwlI qk phuMc igAw[ duv`lI pUry qwx-mwx nwl ju`D m`icAw[ ijMdW lYx-dyx dw vpwr ^Ub grm ho m`icAw[”

ies hwlq nUM vyK ky muZl qy pTwx &OjI bVy fry hoey sn[ ierivn ilKdw hY ik, “bMdw isMG bwry A&vwhW qoN muZl &OjI bVy fry hoey sn[ aunHW nUM fr sI ik bMdw jwdU jwxdw hY[ auh Aijhw jwdU jwxdw hY ijs nwl auh duSmx dy nyizAW Aqy qlvwrW dy vwrW nUM byAsr kr skdw hY[ aunHW ny ieh vI sux r`iKAw sI ik bMdy ny is`KW nUM ‘vr’ id`qw hoieAw hY ik jy aunHW ivcoN koeI jMg ivc

mr igAw qW auh dobwrw jnm lY ky v`fy Ahudy ‘qy Awvygw[ ienHW A&vwhW kwrn bwdSwh Aqy v`fy jrnYl bVy prySwn Aqy byidl ijhy ho gey sn[” ^lxv

SurU-SurU ivc is`KW qy SwhI &OjW ivc CotI-motI jMg cldI rhI[ ijhVw is`K vI iklHy ‘coN

bwhr inkldw sI auh muZl &OjW nwl iBV ky, cMgI j`dojihd mgroN, mwirAw jWdw sI[ bhuq swry muZl &OjI vI mr rhy sn[^lxvi

^wn^wnw ƒ fitAw vyK ky Sihzwdw r&I-aud-Swh Aqy rusqm idl ^wn ny vI lohgVH vl Dwvw bol idqw[ aunHW ny ieh ies vwsqy kIqw qW ik ikqy ^wn^wnw ij`q dw ishrw nw lY jwvy[ ^wn^wnw Aqy aus dI rIs krn vwilAW dI ieh hrkq bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dy hukm dI AdUlI sI ikauN ik aus ny hdwieq id`qI hoeI sI ik koeI vI iklyH vl nw vDy Aqy is`KW ƒ Qkw ky, aunHW dw rwSn Aqy Aslw mukwaux mgroN hI, aunHW nUM kwbU kIqw jwvy[ hux jdoN ieh bwdSwh dI hukm-AdUlI kr ky A`gy vDy hI sn qW aunHW kol ieko hI cwrw sI ik jW qW auh iklHw ij`q lYx qy jW mwry jwx ikauNik hwr ky muVn dw mqlb bwdSwh qoN hukm-AdUlI Aqy imSn PylH hox dI szw

hwisl krnw sI [

au~Dr is`K, Aslw QoVHw hox kr ky, iek-iek kr ky goly su`t rhy sn[ muZl &OjW  dy

jrnYlW ny ies qoN AMdwzw lw ilAw sI ik is`KW kol bwrUd QoVHw hY[ auhI g`l hoeI[ Swm qoN

pihlW hI is`KW dw bwrUd mu`k igAw[ hux auh moricAW ivcoN inkly Aqy aunHW ny muZl &OjW ’qy qlvwrW nwl hmlw kr id`qw[ ieM\ bhuq swry is`K ShId ho gey[ ies vyly bMdw isMG lohgVH iklHy qoN au~pr, nwl vwlI phwVI ’qy bxy iek hor iklHy isqwrgVH ivc, bYTw sI[ SwhI &Oj lohgVH nUM GyrI bYTI sI qy iksy vyly vI ies ’qy kbzw kr skdI sI[ is`KW ƒ hux Aihsws ho igAw sI aunHW dw Blw iklyH ’coN inkl jwx ivc hI hY[ rwq vyly aunHW ny bhuq swrw bwrUd Br ky iemlI dI gylI nwl bxweI bUMdk clweI ijs nwl DrqI kMb geI[ ies Dmwky nwl swry SwhI &OjI fr ky luk

gey[ is`KW ny ies dw &wiedw auTwieAw Aqy iklHy iv`coN inkl ky phwVW vl cly gey[ ienHW ivc hI bMdw isMG vI sI[ ies lVweI ivc 1500 is`K qy aunHW dy do isrdwr mwry gey sn[ ^lxvii

AglI svyr (pihlI dsMbr 1710) cVHidAW hI rwjy au~idq isMh buMdylw Aqy rusqm idl ^wn bhwdr ny iek v`fw h`lw kIqw Aqy iklyH dy AMdr dw^l ho ky ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ gulwb isMG b^SI, ijs ny bMdw isMG dI poSwk pweI hoeI sI, qy isr& qIh hor is`K hI aunHW dy h`Q lgy[

pr, muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik “Agly idn slqnq dy qwj dy v`fy moqI (Sihzwdy) r&IAauSwn qy vzIr-aul-mumwilk ^wn^wnW (munwiem ^wn) nUM hukm hoieAw ik auh jw ky iklHy nUM Gyrw pw lYx[ so, aunHw ny hukm muqwibk, kwibl &OjW nUM qrqIb dy ky aus &rybI dy iklHy nUM jw GyirAw[ auh kptI AwpxI gVHI dy burj, cwr dIvwrI, it`ly Aqy drvwizAW nUM, ijhVy gVHI dy cwr-cu&yry sn, nUM mzbUq krn ivc ru`J igAw[ au~cy ^wndwn vwly Sihzwdy Aqy ^wn^wnW hr iek iemwrq dI morcwbMdI nUM mzbUq kr ky jMg krn vwsqy iqAwr-br-iqAwr ho gey[ aunHw ny qopW, rihkly qy rwkt clwauxy surU kr id`qy[ r`bI mdd sdkw sb`b nwl v`f-prqwpI Sihzwdy v`loN iek rwkt aus jugqI (bMdw isMG) dy bwrUd^wny dy Fyr ivc jw if`gw Aqy aus nUM A`g lg geI[ aus bdb^q dy bySumwr AwdmI iek iCx ivc jhMnum ivc jw pu`jy[ ijhVy morcy bhuq swrIAW l`kVW nwl bxwey sn auh swry dy swry sV gey[ ijs vyly A`g buJ geI, au~cI kul vwly Sihzwdy ny aus lwAnqI dy iklHy dI incwx ivc pYr jmw ley[ pr aus groh v`loN koeI Awvwz nhIN Aw rhI sI[ aus iklHy ivc iek hzwr qoN vD jvwn nhIN sn[ ikauN ik jMg dI dihSq dohW iDrW ’qy hwvI huMdI hY, ies vwsqy lSkr dy bhwdur A`gy nw vDdy hoey, lokW dy Sihzwdy dy hukm dI aufIk krn l`gy[ ^wn^wnW dI nyk slwh nwl Sihzwdy dI rwey vI ieho bxI ik aus (bMdw isMG) dI morcwbMdI nUM qoVnw muSikl idKweI dy irhw sI Aqy idl ivc ieh g`l vI Aw rhI sI ik auprokq gMF iek swl qoN Gt smyN ivc nhIN KulHygI[ Xwin ik ieh mslw iek swl qoN Gt smyN ivc h`l nhIN hovygw[ r`bI auqSwh ny kMm kIqw Aqy lMmy smyN dy muAwmly nUM iek iCx ivc h`l kr id`qw[ kI zrUrI hY ik AsIN kwhl krIey! &OjI vI bhuq Q`k-tu`t cuky hn[ ies vwsqy A`j ruk jwxw cwhIdw hY[ r`b ny cwihAw qW AsIN Blk nUM sUrj cVHdy swr iek iCx ivc kbzw kr lvWgy[ jy AsIN A`j hmlw krdy hW qW mumikn hY ik auyh (bMdw isMG) hor rsqy rwhIN &rwr ho jwvy qy imhnq brbwd clI jwvy[ so, hkUmq vwsqy ieho munwisb hY ik Ajy aus dy &rwr hox dy rwh nUM rokx dw ieMqzwm krnw cwhIdw hY[ jy auh kunslw jugqI ie`QoN B`j jwvy qW aus vwsqy do hI rsqy hn: pihlw br&I rwjy (nwhn) dI srh`d v`l, qy dUjw, A&Zwn (jMmU kSmIr) dI h`d v`l[ aunHW v`l ilK dyxw cwhIdw hY ik auh aus nUM AwpxIAW srh`dW v`l Awaux nw dyx Aqy ipCly rsqy bMd kr dyx[ ijs vyly cwry pwisAW dI pUrI mzbuqI ho jwvy qW hmlw kr ky iek bMdw vI ijaUNdw nhIN rihx id`qw jwxw cwhIdw qW ik ies mgroN koeI kunslw AwdmI Aijhw koJw kMm krn dw BwgI nw bxy[A`j cMgI slwh ieh hY ik iek v`fy srdwr dI AgvweI hyT munwisb &OjW nUM morcwbMdI ’qy C`f ky rwjDwnI (bwdSwhI fyrw) nUM cly jwxw cwhIdw hY[”

“pr, auprokq iklHw aunHW dy i^Awl muqwibk &qh nw hoieAw, nhIN qW kuJ nw bcdw[ jdoN ik aus BYVy vqIry vwly kw&r (bMdw isMG) dI izMdgI kuJ hor idnW vwsqy bc geI hovygI; ies vwsqy ieho ijhI slwh ikvyN s`cI huMdI[ v`f-prqwpI Sihzwdw rwjDwnI (bwdSwhI fyrw) v`l prq igAw[ bu`FI aumr dw hox dy bwvjUd ^wn^wnW vI DoKw Kw igAw[

“aus jugqI (bMdw isMG) ny do ku sO jvwn aus iklHy ivc C`fy Aqy br&I rwjy dI srh`d rwhI bwhr inkl igAw[ auh bdiksmq S^s ijhVy aus ny iklHy dI rwKI vwsqy ip`Cy C`fy sn, vI musIbq dy jwl ivc Psy rih gey[ aus idn svyry hI Sihzwdy ny pu`j ky hmlw krn dw hukm id`qw[ jWbwz jvwn iklHy dIAW kMDW nwl pOVIAW lw ky Aqy ltkdy hoey (iklHy dy) AMdr jw vVy[ pr, ijvyN aunHW ny iklHy dI mzbUqI bwry suixAw sI, aunHW nUM auh mzbUqI nzr nhIN AweI[ (bMdw isMG dy) ijnHW AwdmIAW ny qlvwrW nwl mukwblw kIqw, auh iek pl ivc kql ho gey[ ijhVy B`j gey, aunHW nUM Awm lokW ny p`Qr mwr-mwr ky pwr bulw id`qw[ auprokq iklHw qyj-pRqwp vwly

ZwzI lSkr dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw[hryk S^s dy h`Q bySumwr lu`t dw mwl l`igAw[ iek h&qy qk lSkr vwly toly bxw ky phwVI ielwky ivc dwi^l huMdy rihMdy sn aqy kw&rW dI kOm dw ijhVw AwdmI vI aunHw nUM imldw, aus nUM kql kr dyNdy sn[ auh bhuq swrw lu`t dw mwl iek`Tw kr ky Awpxy GrW nUM lY AwauNdy sn[ m^ml, bwnwq, kIm^wb, ^uqn Aqy lwhOr dy buxy hoey kpVy, lwcy, Aksr AxoKIAW cIzW, nklI, bWdI qy Zulwm qoN vW\w koeI Gr nhIN irhw sI[ susq, sKI,

A&ImI, posqI, bImwr, lUx hrwmI, inqwxy qy buzidl jW Dwrimk bMidAW, ijhVy lVweI dy mYdwn ivc nhIN gey sn, auh auprokq cIzW qoN vWJy rih gey sn[” ^lxviii

iklyH’ qy ‘kbzw’ kIqy jwx mgroN dy hwlq ƒ kwmvr ieM\ ibAwn krdw hY:“AsIN slwh kr ky iklyH dy AMdr jw vVy qy lut mwr dw qmwSw vyKx lg pey[ bwdSwhI lSkr dy mwr-Kor lu`cy A&Zwn qy bloc h`Qo-pweI kr ky znwnIAW qy b`icAW ƒ PV-PV ky leI jw rhy sn qy mwl Asbwb lu`t rhy sn[ ienHW gwrqkwrW h`QoN bwrUdKwny ’c A`g jw peI ijs nwl bySumwr lok mwry gey[ ienHW ivc su`cw nMd dw pu`qr qy bhuq swry muslmwn mrd-qrImqW dIAW lwSW, jo is`KW ny igR&qwr kr ky rKy hoey sn, mlby hyT d`bIAW peIAW sn [”

muZl &OjW ƒ lohgVH iklyH ivcoN pMj hwQI, iqMn qopW, 17 CotIAW qopW, s`q rihkly, iek

cMdoAw qy kuJ cWdI dIAW cobW hI h`Q AweIAW[ lohgVH dy zmINdwr kuMdn pwsoN 8 kU l`K rupY Aqy ASr&IAW vsUl hoeIAW[^lxix

pihlI dsMbr nUM lu`t dw swrw mwl m`qw bwdSwh dy Kymy ivc ilAWdw igAw[ ies lVweI ivc bhwdrI idKwaux bdly 2 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny jmdwq-aul-mulk Aqy b^SI-aul-mumwilk dI bhuq qwrI& kIqI[ ieM\ hI zorwvr ^wn, rxbwz ^wn qy Syr ^wn nUM bhwdrI idKwaux bdly iK`lqW id`qIAW geIAW[

kI lohgVH iklHy nUM iek idn ivc ij`q ilAw igAw sI? kI lohgVH dw iklHw ieM\ ij`iqAw jw skdw sI?

aupr jo izkr kIqw igAw hY auh muZlW dIAW ilKqW dy ADwr ’qy hY Aqy jw iPr A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw (jYpur dy rwjy nUM ilKIAW ic`TIAW) dy ADwr ’qy hY (Aqy ienHW ic`TIAW ivc vI jo kuJ iliKAw jWdw sI auh bwdSwh dy kYNp qoN imlI jwxkwrI dy ADwr ’qy hI huMdw sI)[ ies kr ky ieh vyrvw swrw muslmwn ilKwrIAW ny iek qW bwdSwh nUM ^uS krn vwsqy Aqy dUjw is`KW nUM kmzor swibq krn vwsqy iliKAw sI[

AsIN vyiKAw hY ik lohgVH dw iklHw 30-40 iklomItr cOVw qy 10-15 iklomItr lMmw sI[ ieh mOjUdw 80-90 ipMfW dy duAwly dy ielwky Aqy Aqy drjnW phwVIAW ivc bixAw hoieAw iklHw sI[ kI ies iklHy nUM iek-do idn ivc kbzy ivc ilAw jw skdw sI? ieh nwmumikn hY[ iek idn ivc qW vD qoN vD iek phwVI ij`qI jw skdI sI[ ie`Qy qW drjnW phwVIAW sn[ hr phwVI ’qy burj Aqy morcy bxy hoey sn[

^wn^wnw (munwiem ^wn) dI nyk slwh nwl Sihzwdy dI rwey BI ieho bxI ik aus (bMdw

isMG) dI morcwbMdI nUM qoVnw AqI muSikl idKweI dy irhw sI Aqy idl ivc ieh g`l BI Aw rhI sI ik ieh mslw iek swl qoN Gt smyN ivc h`l nhIN hovygw[^lxx

ieh dwAvw krnw ik Agly idn hmlw kr ky kuJ hI GMitAW ivc muZl &OjW ny iklHy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw hwso-hIxw jwpdw hY[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik aunHW ny isqwrgVH Aqy nwl dI iek A`D phwVI jo lohgVH iklHy dy iek ih`sy dw SurUAwqI, pr iek in`kw ijhw ih`sw sI, ’qy kbzw kIqw sI qy bwdSwh nUM ^uS krn vwsqy ieh Dumw id`qw sI ik aunHW ny lohgVH iklHy ‘qy kbzw kr ilAw hY[kwmvr ^wn, ^w&I ^wn qy muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, jo ies lVweI dy cSmdId gvwh hox dw dwAvw krdy hn, ny muZlW dI qwkq Aqy Swn dw prcwr krn, muslmwnW dy hOsly vDwaux Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& prcwr krn jW is`K nUM Cotw qy kmzor swibq krn vwsqy jW

bwdSwh nUM ^uS krn vwsqy ieh mubwlZw (AiqkQnI) qy JUT prcwirAw ho skdw hY[ hkIkq ieh hY ik ieh iklHw eynw ivSwl (cOVyrw qy lMmyrw) Aqy AOKIAW phwVIAW ivc bixAw hoieAw sI ik ies nUM cwr-pMj swl ivc vI pUrI qrHW ij`iqAw nhIN sI jw skdw[

lohgVH ’qy kbzy dI JUTI ^br

hkIkq ieh hY ik sFOry qoN lohgVH phuMcx vwsqy bVw AOKw morcw sI[ ies rsqy ivc qkrIbn 52 ipMf sn qy ienHW swirAW ipMfW ivc hI gVHIAW bxIAW hoeIAW sn[ ienHW gVHIAW ivc burj Aqy p`ky morcy kwiem sn[ dUjy l&zW ivc lohgVH pu`jx qoN pihlW muZl &Oj nUM 52 lVweIAW lVnIAW pYxIAW sn[

auDr bMdw isMG nUM pqw lg cukw sI ik bwdSwh ny bhuq v`fI &Oj nwl ielwky nUM Gyrw pwieAw hoieAw hY[ hwlW ik phwVW vwlw pwsw bMdw isMG vwsqy pUrI qrHW mih&Uz sI Aqy ieMj hI klysr dw jMgl vI ieh vDIAw if&YNs sI[15-16 phwVW dIAW eynIAW prqW Aqy cotIAW nUM muZl &OjW hrigz ij`q nhIN skdIAW sn[ bMdw isMG ny mihsUs kIqw ik ies hwlq ivc lVweIAW krnw &wiedymMd nhIN ho skygw[ ienHW lVweIAW nwl muZlW dw qW nukswn hovygw hI pr nwl is`KW dw vI bhuq nukswn hovygw[ auh ies mOky ’qy jMg kr ky qwkq guAwauxw nhIN sI cwhuMdw[ auDr aus nUM pqw lg cukw hovygw ik bwdSwh aus qoN firAw hoieAw hY[ ies kr ky bMdw isMG ny lMmI lVweI lVn dI bjwie iek pwsy qW muZl &OjW nUM aulJwauxw id`qw qy dUjy pwsy pMjwb Aqy jMmU vwl cwly pw ky muZl &OjW dw iDAwn auDr vMfx dI qrkIb GVI[ ies leI auh iklHy ivcoN inkl ky auprly phwVW v`l inkl igAw sI[

bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl     jwx dI ^br imlxw

hux ijs ij`q nUM muZl lohgVH dI ij`q kihMdy hn, auh drAsl ipMf lohgVH dI iek phwVI

Aqy isqwrgVH nW dI iek phwVI ’qy kbzw krn dI Gtnw sI[ muZlW ny ies nUM hI lohgVH iklHy nUM ij`q lYx dw kwrnwmy vjoN AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ ieh in`kI ijhI lVweI 30 nvMbr dI lVweI sI[

muZl jrnYlW ny do phwVIAW au~qy kbzw krn nUM lohgVH iklHw ij`qxw AYlwn kr ky bwdSwh nUM ^uS krn dI koiSS kIqI[ pr, bhwdr Swh ƒ Ajy qk ieh nhIN sI d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG phwVIAW dy rsqy inkl ky bc ky clw igAw hY

^w&I ^wn muqwibk, jdoN bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwx dI ^br bhwdr Swh ƒ imlI qW auh bVw g`usy ivc AwieAw Aqy aus ny ikhw “AYny ku`iqAW dy Gyry ’coN ig`dV bc ky inkl igAw?” bwdSwh dy ies gu`sy dw ieSwrw ^wn^wnW (munwiem ^wn) vl sI ikauN ik aus ny hI bwdSwh dy hukm dI prvwh kIqy ibnW, AwpxI mrzI nwl, h`lw bol idqw sI[ ieh sux ky

^wn^wnw inmoJUxw ho ky drbwr ’coN auT AwieAw (^wn^wnw ny ieh g`l idl nUM lw leI qy auh bImwr pY igAw[ bwdSwh dy kw&ly dy nwl clidAW hI, FweI mhIny ip`CoN, auh sFOry nyVy ipMf bFOlI ivc mr igAw[ ies ^wn ^wnW nUM muZlIAW slqnq dw ayus vyly dw sB qoN v`fw mnsb s`q hzwr zwq qy s`q hzwr svwr, ijs iv`coN pMj hzwr do-Aspw sI, imilAw hoieAw sI[ ^wn ^wnW hux qk Awpxy kwrnwimAW kwrn iek kroV rupY dy krIb eInwm hwisl kr cukw sI)[ bMdw isMG dy bc inklx dy A&sos vjoN bwdSwh ny Fol, ngwry qy nwc-gwxw bMd krvw id`qy Aqyy auh

A&sos-zdw ho ky bYT igAw[ bMdw isMG dy iklHy iv`coN bc ky inkl qy gulwb isMG dy PVy jwx bwry ^w&I ^wn ilKdw hY ik “bwz auf igAw sI Aqy au~lU PiVAw igAw sI[“^lxxi

pr, muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI (Ahvwl-aul-KvwkIn) muqwibk v`fy Sihzwdy Aqy ^wn^wnW ny iklHy nUM ij`qx mgroN iek dm bwdSwh nUM hrkwry rwhIN dr^wsq ByjI, ijs nUM pVH ky bwdSwh bhuq ^uS-bwS hoieAw Aqy r`b dy Sukrwny vjoN sjdy kIqy[ pr nwl hI bMdw isMG dy &rwr hox kr ky aus dw mn socW ivc fu`b igAw[ bwdSwh ny pu`iCAw ik auh ikhVy pwisEN bwhr inkl igAw? mgroN Sihzwdw Aqy ^wn^wnW Aw gey qy aunHW ny bMdw isMG dI &rwrI dw hwl vyrvy nwl suxwieAw*

qy d`isAw ik auh br&I rwjw (nwhn dw rwj) dy ielwky v`l inkl igAw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny hukm kIqw ik br&I rwjw nUM ibnw iksy dyrI qoN hwzr kIqw jwvy[ muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk, bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwx ’qy bwdSwh munwiem ^wn ^wn^wnW nwl gu`sy nhIN hoieAw sI, pr, ^w&I ^wn muqwibk bhuq hI g`sy hoieAw sI qy aus nUM ‘ku`qy’ nwl qSbIh id`qI sI[ Swied muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI munwiem ^wn nwl hmdrdI rKdw sI, auh munwiem ^wn dy

pu`qr mhwbq ^wn nUM aus v`loN AmIngVH dI lVweI ivc is`KW koloN hwr Kwx kr ky, BMfdw hY:

“mukwbly dI Jwl nw Jldw hoieAw kykVy vW| mUMh Bvw igAw”.^lxxii

3 dsMbr 1710 dy idn bwdSwh ny drbwr lwieAw Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& lVweI ivc rol Adw krn vwilAW nUM eInwm id`qy: jmdwq-aul-mulk Aqy b^SI-aul-mumwilk nUM iK`lq qy dsqwr, hmId-aud-^wn nUM kpVy dy cwr Qwn dI iK`lq, b^SI-aul-mulk, mhwbq ^wn Aqy

ieslwm ^wn bhwdr nUM spYSl iK`lq qy rwjw auidq isMh nUM vI vDIAw iK`lq id`qI geI[ rwjw Cqr swl nUM ijgHw klgI qy cUVwmxI j`t^lxxiii nUM hwQI b^iSAw igAw[ hwimd ^wn nUM joVw-jwmw Byt kIqw igAw[^lxxiv

ies dy nwl hI bwdSwh ny igAwn cMd (rwjw kmwXUM), &qih Swh (rwjw gVHvwl) qy BUp prkwS aur& ‘rwjw br&I’ (rwjw nwhn) dy nW &urmwn Byjy ik “bMdw fwbr (lohgVH) qoN hrn ho igAw hY[ jy quhwfy bMny AMdr phuMcy qW aus ƒ igR&qwr kr ky hzUir Byj idE[” bwdSwh ny hwimd ^wn ƒ bMdw isMG dI Koj ivc Byj idqw Aqy ikhw ik auh nw PiVAw jw sky qW nwhnIey rwjy BUp prkwS ƒ PV ky lY Awaux (ikauNik bMdw isMG aus dy ielwky ivc igAw sI)[ bwdSwh ny

ieh vI hukm id`qw ik nwhnIey rwjy ƒ igR&qwr kr ky ipMjry ivc pw ky id`lI iljwieAw jwey[ ieh auhI ipMjrw sI ijs ivc bMdw isMG ƒ pw ky ilAwaux vwsqy au~Qy ilAWdw igAw sI[^lxxv

6 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik SwhI &Oj dy ihMdU A&srW ivcoN koeI vI nw qW ZulwmW nUM qy nw AOrqW nUM ^rId skdw hY qy nw hI bwZIAW dy mwl dI lu`t-mwr kr skdw hY (ieh

h`k isr&  muslmwnW nUM hI hwisl sI)[ bwdSwh	ny ie`QoN qk ikhw ik jy iksy	ihMdU A&sr ny
koeI Zulwm jW AOrq PVI hovy qW aus nUM C`f dyvy[	ie`Qy ieh g`l kwbly-izkr hY	ik bhwdr Swh

dI mdd krn vwilAW iv`coN bhuqy lok ihMdU rwjy qy cODrI sn pr aunHW nwl vI bhwdr Swh dw slUk ieho ijhw sI[^lxxvi

6 dsMbr nUM hI bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik lohgVH iklHy ivcoN is`KW dw d`ibAw ^zwnw iml igAw hY qy ies iv`c pMj l`K rupY Aqy cONqI sO ASr&IAW Swiml hn[”^lxxvii

is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw hukm jwrI krnw

10 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny b^SI-aul-mumwilk mhwbq ^wn nUM hukm jwrI kIqw ik aus (bwdSwh) dy nW ’qy Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) dy Awly-duAwly dy &OjdwrW nUM &urmwn jwrI kry ik “ij`Qy vI koeI nwnk-pRsq (is`K) nzr Awvy aus nUM kql kr id`qw jwvy[” (mgroN 26 mwrc

1711 nUM bwdSwh ny ieh hukm vI jwrI kIqw ik is`KW nUM ‘is`K’ nhIN blik ‘is`K-cor’ iliKAw jwieAw kry)[^lxxviii

rwjw nwhn dI igR&qwrI

3 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny rusqm idl ^wn nUM hukm jwrI kIqw sI ik nwhnIey rwjy BUp prkwS ƒ PV ky ilAWdw jwvy Aqy myry hzUr pyS kIqw jwvy[ aus ny hwmd ^wn nUM nwhn Byj ky rwjy nUM ilAwaux vwsqy Byj id`qw[ hwimd ^wn ny rwjw BUp pRkwS nUM bwdSwh dw pYZwm id`qw[ aus ny aus nUM ieh vI ikhw ik ieh mhwbq ^wn dw vcn hY ik aus dw kuJ vI nhIN ivgVygw[

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk 12 dsMbr nUM hwimd ^wn nwhn dy nwbwlg rwjy BUp pRkwS

ƒy lY AwieAw[ Kvwjw kuqbdIn, hrkwrw idAwnq rwE qy Emw pMfq aus nUM lY ky bwdswh dy hzUr pu`jy[ BUp prkwS ny bwdSwh nUM iek sO muhr, cwr bwz, pMj ju`ry (nr bwz, iSkwrI pMCI), nON ikqwS qy pMj sO jdvwr pyS kIqIAW[ bwdSwh ny aus nUM ies bdly joVw-jwmw Byt kIqw pr drbwr ivc rihx dw hukm vI id`qw[ Agly idn aus nUM bMdw isMG nUM igR&qwr krvwaux dI Srq ’qy irhweI dI pySkS kIqI[ bwdSwh ny rwjw nwhn nUM hukm kIqw ik “kwlI kMbLI vwly (bMdw isMG) ijhVw aus dI srh`d ivc luikAw hoieAw hY, nUM l`B ky dyvy nhIN qW aus ipMjry, ijhVw aus

bdiksmq (bMdw isMG) vwsqy qjvIz hoieAw sI, nUM kbUl kry[” DMn hY r`b! auprokq ipMjrw iks vwsqy qjvIz hoieAw sI qy iks vwsqy kMm AwieAw[ qkdIr bdlI nhIN jw skdI[^lxxix

bwdSwh ny aus dI mW ƒ vI pYZwm ByijAw ik auh bMdw isMG nUM PVvw dyvy qy Awpxw p`uqr lY jwvy[ ies ’qy nwhn dy rwjy dI mW ny 35 is`K igR&qwr kr ky Byjy[ bwdSwh ny auh swry mrvw

idqy pr bMdw isMG jI igR&qwrI qk rwjw nwhn ƒ C`fx qoN nWh kr idqI[			rwjw	nwhn	BUp
pRkwS  nUM	mhwbq ^wn dI kYd ivc r`iKAw igAw	sI[ 17 mwrc nUM bwdSwh	ny cyilAW (injI
ispwhIAW)	rwhIN mhwbq ^wn nUM hukm iBjvwieAw	ik BUp pRkwS nUM aus kMifAW	vwly	ipMjry	ivc

pw dyvy ijhVw gurU (bMdw isMG) vwsqy bxvwieAw igAw sI[ ies ’qy mhwbq ^wn ny Arz kIqI ik rwjw byksUr hY qy gurU (bMdw isMG) pihlW hI aus dy ielwky ivcoN jw cukw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny ikhw ik jy AsIN aus (BUp pRkwS) nUM szw nw id`qI qW swry zmINdwr (phwVI rwjy) is`K bx jwxgy[ qUM aus nUM zrUr szw dyh[ mhwbq ^wn ny iPr ikhw ik ipMjry dy AMdr iq`Ky Aqy s^q ik`l hn qy ijauN hI rwjy nUM aus ivc pwieAw igAw, auh mr jwvygw[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny ikhw ik jy auh mr jwvygw qW auh XkInn jhnu`m (nrk) ivc jweygw[ ies mgroN mhwbq ^wn ny hor Arz nhIN kIqI[ drAsl mhwbq ^wn ny rwjw nwhn nUM ies vcn nwl bwdSwh kol pyS hox vwsqy ilAWdw sI ik aus (rwjw) dw koeI nukswn nhIN hovygw[ pr, bwdSwh ny mhwbq ^wn dI g`l mMnx qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ ies hwlq ivc mhwbq ^wn ny mjbUr ho ky rwjy nUM ipMjry ivc

bMd kr id`qw[ pr ieh krn qoN pihlW aus ny ipMjry dy AMdr dy ikl tyFy kr id`qy qW jo auh BUp pRkwS nUM cuBx nw[^lxxx

pMcolI jgjIvn dws muqwibk jd rwjw BUp pRkwS qy aus dw dIvwn (vzIr) a~uQy pu`jy qW ^wn ^wnw ny aus nUM pu`iCAw ik bMdw isMG ik`Qy hY[ ies ’qy BUp pRkwS dy dIvwn ny d`isAw ik bMdw isMG aus dI irAwsq ivcoN bwhr jw cukw hY[ ies ’qy ^wn ^wnw ny ikhw ik auh JUT boldw hY Aqy aus ny dIvwn dI byiezqI kIqI Aqy aus nUM hQkVI lw ky, pYrW ivc byVIAW pw ky Aqy gly ivc lohy dw ptw pw ky, iek ipMjry ivc bMd kr id`qw[ rwjw nwhn dy vI hiQAwr luhw ky aus nUM vI iek cOkI (Cotw tYNt) ivc kYd kr idqw igAw qy aus dy duAwly &Oj dw pihrw lw id`qw igAw[

rwjw Cqrswl ny vI rwjw nwhn nUM ieh vcn id`qw sI ik aus dw kuJ nhIN ivgVygw[ mgroN,

jd rwjw Cqrswl ny vyiKAw ik bwdSwh ny nwhn dy rwjy nUM kYd krn dw hukm id`qw hY qw auh bwdSwh nUM C`f ky vwips Awpxy vqn clw igAw[^lxxxi

dIvwn iBKwrI dws muqwibk jd nwhn dy rwjy nUM ^wn^wnw ny p`uiCAw ik bMdw isMG ik`Qy hY qW aus ny ikhw ik mYnUM aus dw kuJ nhIN pqw[ myrw dIvwn, jo gurU dw is`K hY, aus nUM bMdw isMG dw pqw ho skdw hY[ ies ’qy dIvwn nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy burI qrHW ku`itAw igAw[ aus dw bcxw muSikl hY[ dUjy idn bwdSwh ny ikhw ik dIvwn dI ku`tmwr krn nwl kuJ hwisl nhIN hox

l`gw[ ies dI bjwie rwjw nwhn nUM igR&qwr kr lE qy aus nUM kho ik jy auh bMdw isMG nUM pyS nhIN krdw qW aus dI irAwsq nUM qbwh kr id`qw jweygw[^lxxxii

20 mwrc 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ny rwjw nwhn nUM ipMjry ivc hI id`lI iljwx Aqy au~Qy slImgVH^lxxxiii iklHy ivc bMd krn dw hukm jwrI kIqw[^lxxxiv bwdSwh ny hukm kIqw ik ienHW ƒ

id`lI ivc, lwl iklHy dy ip`Cy bxy hoey, slImgVH iklHy dy iklyHdwr dy hvwly krn mgroN ies dI rsId vI aus (bwdSwh) ƒ phuMcweI jwvy[ (mgroN nwhn dy rwjy ny jYpur qy joDpur dy rwijAW nUM do vwr pYZwm Byj ky AwpxI irhweI ivc mdd dI Arz kIqI[ ies ’qy aunHW auh nUM jvwb ByijAw

ik AsIN koeI mdd nhIN kr skdy qy qyrI irhweI ie`ko sUrq ivc ho skdI hY ik qUM ikvyN nw ikvyN bMdw isMG nUM igR&qwr krvw dyh)[^lxxxv

bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI dI JUTI ^br qy nwhn dy rwjy dI mW vwsqy iek l`K rupY dy gihxy bxwaux dw hukm

22 jnvrI 1711 dy idn bwdSwh sFOrw dy nyVy sI qW iek hrkwry ny aus nUM ^br id`qI ik nwhn dy rwjy BUp pRkwS dI mW ny bMdw isMG nUM kwbU kr ilAw hY Aqy auh aus nUM bwdSwh kol pyS krn vwsqy ilAw rhI hY[ auh ies vkq SwhI Kymy (kYNp) qoN 12 koh (qkrIbn 35 iklomItr) dUr hY Aqy aus ny ikhw hY ik mhwbq ^wn nUM A`gy ho ky aus nUM ilAwaux vwsqy Byj id`qw jwvy[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny cyilAW (injI syvwdwrW) nUM &urmwn dy ky mhwbq ^wn v`l Byj id`qw ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik auh bMdw isMG nUM lohy dy aus ipMjry ivc bMd kr ky lY ky Awvy ijhVw aus vwsqy aucycy qOr ’qy bxvwieAw igAw sI[ bwSwh ny ieh vI ikhw ik aus (bMdw isMG) dIAW jo do pqnIAW aus dy nwl &VIAW geIAW hn, nUM rQ ivc ibTw ky ilAWdw jwvy[ kuJ icr mgroN bwdSwh ny ^wn ^wnW nUM ikhw ik auh kuJ hor hrkwry Byj dyvy qy khy ik bMdw isMG nUM CyqI ilAWdw

jwvy[ 24 jnvrI dy idn bwdSwh ny hukm id`qw ik rwjw nwhn dI mW (ikauN ik auh ny bMdw isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ky ilAw rhI sI) vwsqy iek l`K rupY dy gihxy bxvwey jwx[^lxxxvi

muZl bwdSwh v`loN lwhOr rih ky is`KW dy i^lw& hor muihMm dw &Yslw

pihlI jnvrI 1711 nUM muhMmd AmIn ^wn is`KW dy isrW dy 6 g`fy lY ky sFOry pu`jw[ aus ny

bwdSwh kol Sms ^wn dI iSkwieq vI kIqI[ (aus nUM dr Asl Sms ^wn ’qy ies g`l dw gu`sw sI ik aus ny srhMd ’qy kbzw kr ky Awpxw nW ikauN bxw ilAw sI)[^lxxxvii

9 &rvrI 1711 nUM bwdSwh ny hmId ^wn nUM iK`lq dy ky is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy Byj id`qw[ aus nUM pMj hzwr svwrW dI &Oj vI id`qI geI[^lxxxviii 6 mwrc nUM bwdSwh nUM ZwzI ^wn dw pYZwm

imilAw ik bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW lwhOr vl Aw rhIAW hn[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny ^wn^wnw dy pu`qr b^SI-aul-mulk mhwbq ^wn nUM vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy tor id`qw[ aus dy nwl 14 hzwr

&Oj ByjI geI[ iesy idn bwdSwh ny hmId ^wn bhwdr Aqy ies&MdXwr ^wn nUM rusqm idl ^wn dI AgvweI ivc 15 hzwr &Oj dy ky tor id`qw[ iesy idn (6 mwrc nUM) hI bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw

ik is`K &OjW dI igxqI 40 hzwr dy krIb hY[ ieh vI ^br imlI ik bMdw isMG ku`lU Aqy BuMqr dy nyVy hY qy aus dy swQI phwVW qoN auqr ky ropV qk dy ielwky ivc lu`t mwr kr rhy hn[^lxxxix

is`KW dy i^lw& eynI v`fI muihMm iv`Fx dy bwvjUd, jwpdw hY ik bwdSwh nUM qs`lI nhIN sI ik ieh jrnYl is`KW ’qy kwbU pw lYxgy[ 14 mwrc nUM bwdswh ny AYlwn kIqw ik auh Awp vI lwhOr jw ky rhygw Aqy au~QoN bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm dI ingrwnI krygw[ bwdSwh ny swry pwsy hrkwirAW Aqy ^br-nvIsW nUM hdwieqW dy idqIAW ik auh bMdw isMG Aqy aus dIAW &OjW dI pl-pl dI ^br aus nUM ByijAw krn[ bwdSwh nUM hr roz do iqMn jgh qoN ^br-nvIsW dIAW ic`TIAW phuMcdIAW rihMdIAW sn ijnHW qoN aus nUM pqw lgdw rihMdw sI ik bMdw aus vyly ik`Qy hY, kI kr irhw hY Aqy aus dw Aglw AYkSn kI hY[ ijnHW ^brW Byjx vwilAW dy nW A^bwrwiq drbwir muA`lw ivc imldy hn aunHW ivc ieh vI Swiml hn: Emw pMfq, Awskr rwE, Abdul rihmwn, Abdul rhIm, Alqw& ^wn, ierwdqmMd ^wn, SMkr rwE, kySo rwE, jgjIvn dws, idAwnq rwE, pRqIq rwE, BgvqI dws vZYrw[ ieh swry lwhOr, srhMd, gujrwq, id`lI, jMmU,

Ajmyr vZYrw qoN ^brW Byjdy rihMdy sn[ jd ienHW iv`coN koeI is`KW dy mrn jW nukswn hox dI ^br Byjdw sI qW bwdSwh aus nUM koeI nw koeI eInwm vI dy dyNdw sI jW iksy rwhIN Byj dyNdw sI[ ies dy nwl hI bhwdr Swh ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc A`gy vD ky ih`sw pwaux vwilAW nUM v`fy eInwm, snmwn, mnsb Aqy jwgIrW dyxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ aus ny bhuq swry jrnYlW nUM

&OjW dy ky is`KW dy ip`Cy Byjxw SurU kr id`qw[

20 mwrc nUM bwdSwh ny ihMdU cODrIAW cUVwmnI j`t Aqy ikSn isMh nrokw nUM vI iK`lqW dy ky mhwbq ^wn dy nwl is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy tor id`qw[^xc  22 mwrc 1711 dy idn bwdSwh sFOrw qoN  lwhOr  vl  cl  ipAw[  24  mwrc  nUM  bwdSwh  dy  drbwr  ivc  crcw  sI  ik  gurU  dw  c`k (AMimRqsr) qoN Swhdrw (lwhOr ivc dw^l hox dw pVwA) qk vI is`K rwj kwiem ho cukw sI[^xci 18 ApRYl 1711 dy idn bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K sFOrw ivcoN muslmwnW dy fMgr Koh

ky lY gey hn[ kuJ dw ivcwr sI ik ieh kwrvweI bMdw isMG dy swQI vxjwirAW ny kIqI sI qy kuJ ies ivc nwhn irAwsq dy lokW dw h`Q smJdy sn[^xcii

bwdSwh v`loN ropV ivc CwvxI kwiem krn dw AYlwn

22 ApRYl dy idn jd bwdSwh sqluj dirAw vl vD irhw sI qW auys ny q^q ’qy bYTx dy pMjvyN swl ivc dwi^l hox (auh 19 jUn 1707 dy idn q^q ’qy bYTw sI) dw jSn mnwaux dw

AYlwn kIqw[ aus ny hukm kIqw ik ies vwsqy (lwhOr ivc) iek au~cw plyt&wrm auswirAw jwvy[

bwdSwh ny ieh hukm qW jwrI kr id`qw sI pr AMdroN-AMdrIN auh bhuq firAw hoieAw sI[ ikauN ik BwvyN kuMjpurw, Qwnysr, Swhbwd, srhMd, sFOrw Awid qoN is`KW dw kbzw ^qm ho cukw sI, pr bwdSwh nUM qs`lI nhIN sI[ BwvyN bwdSwh nUM ieh Brm pw id`qw igAw sI ik muZl &OOjW ny lohgVH ij`q ilAw hY, jd ik hkIkq ieh hY ik aunHW ny isr& lohgVH dI pihlI phwVI Aqy isqwrgMj ’qy hI kbzw kIqw sI[ is`K Ajy vI lohgVH ivc Aqy ies dy Awly duAwly dy jMgl Aqy ipMfW ivc mOjUd sn[ bwdSwh nUM ^brW iml rhIAW sn ik is`K sFOrw, lohgVH, srhMd vZYrw ivc GuMm rhy sn Aqy iek qW ihMdU lok aunHW nwl imlvrqn kr rhy sn Aqy muslmwn aunHW qoN fr ky rih rhy sn[

aus nUM ieh ^brW vI iml rhIAW sn ik bMdw isMG ny phwVI rwijAW qoN eIn mMnvw leI hY[ aus nUM ieh vI ^br iml cukI sI ik bMdw isMG ny jMmU dI srh`dI cOkI rwiepur Aqy bihrwmpur dI jUh ivc sulqwnpur dy &Ojdwr Sms ^wn Aqy aus dy cwcy kuqbdIn ^ySgI aur& bwiezId ^wn (&Ojdwr jMmU) nUM hrw ky mwr id`qw sI[ bwdSwh nUM pqw lg cukw sI ik bMdw isMG ny btwlw Aqy klwnOr ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw hY Aqy auh Swhdrw-lwhOr qk phuMc cukw hY qy iksy vyly vI lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr skdw hY[ ieh soc ky bwdSwh bhuq dihilAw hoieAw sI[

22 ApRYl 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ny SihzwidAW qy aumrw nUM ikhw ik AsIN ropV ivc CwvxI kwiem krWgy [ bwdSwh ny aunHW nUM ikhw ik auh swry au~Qy AwpxIAW hvylIAW bxw lYx[ aus ny ropV dw nW jhWgIrpur r`Kx dw AYlwn vI kIqw[ aus ny ikhw ik ieh iek bhuq Aihm jgHw hY qy eyQoN lwhOr Aqy Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) dw &wslw brwbr dw hY[ ies (jgh CwvxI

bxwaux) nwl phwVW nUM jwx vwlw rsqw bMd ho jwvygw[ nw qW phwVI rwjy bMdw isMG dI mdd vwsqy Aw skxgy qy nw hI phwVW vl bc ky jw skygw[^xciii

ies qoN sw& zwhr hY ik bwdSwh smJdw sI ik bMdw isMG nUM CyqI kIiqAw hrwieAw nhIN jw skdw Aqy auh bhuq v`fI qwkq hY, ijs d mukwblw bhuq lMmw smW krnw pvygw[ aus nUM XkIn sI ik lohgVH qoN bMdw isMG dw jwxw vkqI g`l hY qy ijauN hI aus nUM SwhI &OjW dy ies ielwky ivcoN dUrc cly jwx dI ^br imlygI auh vwips Aw jwvygw[ bwdSwh dI hwlq AOrMgzyb vwlI sI ijs ny d`Kx dI bZwvq qoN fridAW Awgrw qy id`lI C`f ky AOrgwbwd ivc fyry lwey hoey sn[

bMdw isMG bhwdur dI id`lI ’qy kbzy dI A&vwh

20 meI nUM bwdSwh nUM Bgvwn dws hrkwry v`loN ByjI irport imlI ijs ivc d`isAw igAw sI ik bMdw isMG bhwdur btwlw v`l muV AieAw hY qy aus vkq auh aus ngr qoN isr& 2 koh (6 iklomItr) dUr ipMf Acl (hux Acl vtwlw) ivc hY[ ieh vI ^br pu`jI ik rwm isMG nW dw iek is`K s`q hzwr &Oj nwl, jMmU dIAW phwVIAW qoN Aw ky, bMdw isMG nwl Swiml ho igAw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw jo koeI vI muslmwn jW ihMdU aus kol AwauNdw hY aus nUM nOkrI dy id`qI jWdI hY[ aus (bMdw isMG) ny ienHW swirAW nUM ikhw hY ik jy muZl &Oj auDr AweI qW aus dw mukwblw kIqw

jwvy nhIN qW l`KI jMgl Aqy Ajmyr v`loN Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) jw ky aus ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jwvy[ ies ^br nwl bwdSwh bhuq Gbrw igAw[^xciv

ies swrw kuJ qoN Gbrw ky hux bhwdr Swh ny Awp lwhOr bYT ky bMdw isMG dy i^lw& jMg lVn dw AYlwn kIqw[ bwdSwh nUM GbrwieAw vyK ky muZl ispwhI qW hor vI frn lg pey[ qkrIbn hr roz ‘bMdw Aw igAw! bMdw Aw igAw!!’ dIAW A&vwhW nwl muZl &OjIAW dy hOsly psq ho rhy sn[ hwlwq ieh sn ik bMdw isMG dw nW sux ky hI muZl &OjI fr jwieAw krdy sn qy aunHW dy m`iQAW ’qy qrylIAW Aw jwieAw krdIAW sn[

pihlI Agsq 1711 dy idn bhwdr Swh lwhOr pu`j igAw[ bwdSwh dy nwl bhuq swrI &Oj sI ies kr ky aus ny Awpxw fyrw SwhI iklHy dI bjwie ipMf Awlovwl dI jUh ivc r`iKAw[ bwdSwh dy sB qoN v`fy pu`qr AzImauSwn ny ipMf Avwn dI jUh ivc Awpxw fyrw lwieAw[ aus ny AwpxI ih&wzq vwsqy ^zwny dy g`ifAW nwl Awpxy Awly-duAwly vlgx bxw leI[ bwdSwh dy dUjy iqMnW pu`qrW coN muA`zudIn ny prvyzwbwd mMfI kol, r&I-auS-Swn ny DrmU dy bwZ kol Aqy muhMmd jhwn Swn ny SwhmIr ^uS dy mYdwn ivc Awpxy fyry jmw ley[ v`fy Sihzwdy AzImunSwh kol iek`qI hzwr Aqy dUjy iqMnW SihzwidAW nwl XwrHW-XwrHW hzwr &Oj sI[^xcv

ies vyly qk lwhOr dy muslmwn is`KW qoN fry-fry rihMdy sn[ Ajy kuJ mhIny pihlW hI is`KW dy i^lw& jhwd KVw kr ky hzwrW muslmwnW ny hYdrI JMfy hyT is`KW nwl t`kr leI sI pr auh iqMnW lVweIAW ivc hI is`KW dy h`QoN burI qrHW mwr Kw cuky sn[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc jhwd dy keI muKI AwgU vI mwry gey sn[ ies dw fr Aqy dihSq aunHW dy mnW ivcoN inklI nhIN sI[ pr hux bwdSwh dy Awaux ny, Aqy qkrIbn iek l`K &Oj dI mOjUdgI ny, aunHW ivc Pyr jwn Br id`qI[ kuJ hI idnW mgroN iek swl pihlW is`KW dy i^lw& jhwd KVHw krn qy mwr Kw ky Gr bYT jwx vwly s`Xd ienwieu`lw, Aqwaulw Aqy muhMmd qkI ny bwdSwh nUM iml ky pUrI mdd dw XkIn idvwieAw[ bwdSwh v`loN hOslw imlx mgroN ienHW ny Awm is`KW qoN AwpxI hwr Aqy byie`zqI dw bdlw lYxw SurU kr id`qw[ ies muihMm ivc bhuq swry is`K kql kr id`qy gey[ ienHW qoN ielwvw bhuq swry ihMdUAW nUM is`K &OjW dy ihmwieqI AwK ky kql kr id`qw igAw[

frU hox kr ky ihMdU cup-cwp zulm sihMdy rhy[ A^Ir iek Bly muslmwn ny bcn isMh kCvwhw qy bdn isMh buMdylw, ijhVy bwdSwh nl bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy, AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky Awey hoey sI, nUM ies dI ^br dy id`qI[ aunHW ny bwdSwh nUM AwK ky ihMdUAW dy ies musilm burCwgrdI nUM rukvwieAw, pr is`KW ’qy zulm Pyr vI jwrI rhy[

bwdSwh nUM pqw sI ik is`K kdy vI kys dwVHI dI byAdbI nhIN sn krdy qy is`KW qy ihMdUAW nUM v`Kry-v`Kry pCwxn dw ieko-iek qrIkw ieh sI ik ihMdUAW nUM ‘rofy’ kr id`qw jwvy[ ies soc nwl bwdSwh ny &urmwn jwrI kr id`qw ik “SwhI lSkr dy swry ihMdU AwpxIAW dwVHIAW muMnvw dyx qW jo aunHW nUM koeI is`K nw smJ lvy[” ies ’qy swry ihMdUAW ny AwpxIAW dwVHIAW, mu`CW qy vwl muMnw id`qy (qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI)[ pr id`lI dy &Ojdwr Xwr muhMmd ^wn klMdrI dI dsqUr-aul-ienSw (ru`kwiq AmInudOlw, ru`kw pMjvW) muqwibk ihMdUAW ny Awp dwVHIAW nhIN sn muMnvweIAW[ ieh qW bwdSwh dy hukm ’qy zbrdsqI kIqw igAw sI:

“ …SwhI hukm hoieAw ik SwhI lSkr dy swry ihMdUAW dIAW dwVHIAW k`t id`qIAW jwx Aqy swry sUibAW ivc hukm zwihr kr id`qw jwvy ik koeI bydIn (ZYr muslmwn) lMbI dwVHI nw r`Ky qy jy koeI Aijhw iml jwvy (ijs ny dwVHI r`KI hoeI hovy) qW aus dI dwVHI pu`t id`qI jwvy[ cunWic swry bwdSwhI mulkW ivc

 

ieh hukm nSr kr id`qw igAw[ bwdSwhI kYNp ivc ies hukm ny ieh Skl A^iqAwr kr leI ik &OjW dy idE -k`d srdwr nweIAW nUM nwl leI gMdy pwxI dIAW iclmcIAW smyq glIAW qy bwzwrW ivc ijs iksy nUM dyKdy byiezqI nwl aus dI dwVHI muMn dyNdy qy aus dI pgVI Aqy jwmy lwh dyNdy[ bwdSwh Aqy SwhzwidAW dy musq`dI Aqy dUjy ihMdU AwpxIAW dwVHIAW munw ky hI (bwdSwh qy SihzwidAW dy) hzUr

AwauNdy…”

jYpur Aqy joDpur dy rwijAW dI bwdSwh nwl sOdybwzI

1710 dIAW grmIAW ivc jd bhwdr Swh Awpxy Brw nUM hrw ky qy mwr ky muV irhw sI qW auh rwjpUq rwijAW nUM soDx dI qrkIb socdw AwieAw sI ikauN ik aunHW ny aus dy Brw dy i^wl& lVweI ivc aus dw swQ nhIN sI id`qw[ Ajy auh rwjpuqwnw dy ielwky ivc dwi^l hI hoieAw sI ik bMdw isMG dIAW ij`qW dIAW ^brW imlxIAW SurU ho geIAW, ijs nwl auh bhuq fr igAw[ bMdw isMG dIAW ij`qW ny aus nUM rwjpUqW nwl tkrw krn dI QW aunHW nwl smJOqw krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ bhwdr Swh nUM hor i&kr pY igAw jd aus nUM 28 meI 1710 dy idn disAw igAw ik

joDpur dy rwjw AjIq isMh qy jYpur dy rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM ‘gurU’ (bMdw isMG) dy ^q pu`jy hn qy aunHW ienHW ^qW dy jvwb vI ilK G`ly hn[^xcvi ies ’qy bhwdr Swh ny rwjpUq rwijAW nwl

smJOqw krn vwsqy aunHW v`l dosqwnw pYZwm Byjxy SurU kr id`qy qy aunHW qoN bMdw isMG dy i^lw& lVweI ivc mdd mMgI[

7 mwrc 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ny jYpur Aqy joDpur dy rwjpUq rwijAW (jY isMh svweI jYpur

Aqy AjIq isMh joDpur) nUM drbwr ivc bulwaux vwsqy pYZwm ByijAw sI[ aus ny mhwbq ^wn nUM ikhw ik musq`dIAW nUM rwijAW dw mwn snmwn dyx vwsqy hdwieqW dyvy[^xcvii dovyN rwjy pihlW qW

nwhn dy rwjy dy hSr qoN frdy bwdSwh kol Awauxw nhIN cwhuMdy sn[ dohW rwijAW ny 25 meI

1711  dy  idn  mnohrpur  ivc  lMmI  mulwkwq  kIqI  Aqy  bwdSwh  kol  jwx  dw  ierwdw  kr  hI

_ilAw[xcviii

auDr bMdw isMG audYpur dy rwjy Amr isMh nwl vI rwbqw bx irhw sI[ 13 jUn 1711 dy idn jYpur dy rwjy nUM ilKy ^q^xcix muqwibk Awgrw ivc bMdw isMG dy numwieMdy KVg isMG qy aus dy

swQIAW nUM igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI ijnHW qoN rwjw joDpur nUM ilKy ^q PVy gey sn[ ies ^q muqwibk bMdw isMG l`KI jMgl dy rsqy Ajmyr jwx dI qrkIb bxw irhw sI (ij`QoN Swied auh A`gy audYpur nUM jwxw cwhuMdw hovygw)[

ies ny bwdSwh nUM hor vI frw id`qw sI[ ies kr ky aus ny jYpur qy joDpur dy rwijAW nUM ArzW vrgy pYZwm Byjxy jwrI r`Ky[ 30 julweI 1711 dy idn bwdswh ny dohW rwijAW nUM pYZwm ByijAw ik auh lwhOr nw Awaux qy ikauNik bMdw isMG sFOrw v`l clw igAw hY qy auh aus dw ip`Cw krn[(pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 30 julweI 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 39, vkIl irport nMbr 72)[ 19 Agsq dy idn bwdSwh ny mhwbq ^wn nUM ikhw ik auh dohW rwijAW nUM hsbul hukm Byj ky sFOry jwx vwsqy khy[ (vkIl irport 75)[ rwijAW dI mMg sI ik aunHW nUM mwlvw (m`D pRdyS) Aqy gujrwq sONp id`qy jwx[ pr Sihzwdw AzIm-auS-Swn Aqy mhwbq ^wn ny sw& ikhw ik jd qk dovyN rwjy bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy sFOrw jw ky AwpxI v&wdwrI swibq nhIN krdy audoN qk auh bwdSwh koloN ieh g`l nhIN mMnvw skxgy[^c

11 sqMbr 1711 dy idn bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG v`loN jY isMG, b^q isMG, Bgvwn isMG qy kuier isMG ny iblwspur (kihlUr irAwsq) qoN rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM iek ^q ilK ky ikhw hY ik AsIN dusihry ’qy kurUkSyqr ivc muZlW nwl lVweI krn dI qrkIb bxw irhw hW[ AsIN lohgVH jw rhy hW[ hux quhwnUM cwhIdw hY ik muZlW vwsqy musIbq KVHI kr idE[ hux Drm inBwaux dw shI smW hY[ hux muZl rwj dw smW ^qm hoo cukw hY[ qusIN vI (muZlW dy i^lw& jMg ivc swfy nwl Swiml hox vwsqy) kurUkSyqr phuMco[ qusIN hMfUr (nwlwgVH), jsvwn, kihlUr

(iblwspur) qy jMmU dw rwijAW nwl rwbqw kro Aqy aunHW nUM kho ik hux KqrI Drm inBwaux dw shI smW hY[ quhwnUM muZlW dI mdd nhIN krnI cwhIdI[^ci ies ^q qoN (jo ‘&qih drSn’ nwl SurU huMdw hY, qy, A`gy iliKAw hY ik quhwfy ^q dw jvwb pihlW hI ByijAw jw cukw hY) sw& nzr AwauNdw hY ik jY isMh svweI Aqy bMdw isMG ivc ^qo-i^qwbq cl rhI sI[

bMdw isMG qy rwjpUq rwijAW ivc bx rhI ies nyVqw nUM muK rK ky muZl bwdSwh ny jYpur qy joDpur dy rwijAW nUM lwlc dy ky Brmwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ auDr rwjpUq rwijAW ny vI ies hwlq ivcoN &wiedw auTwaux dI qrkIb bxweI[ 16 sqMbr 1711 dy idn jYpur dy rwjy dy numwieMdy BMfwrI iKvsI ny muZl Sihzwdy AzIm-auS-Swn nUM iml ky ikhw ik rwjy bMdw isMG dy i^lw& AYkSn vwsqy sFOrw jwx vwsqy iqAwr hn pr ikauN ik aunHW nUM ies v`fI &Oj dy ^rcy vwsqy pYsy nhIN hn[ aunHW dw mqlb sI ik jy aunHW nUM hor jwgIr vZYrw iml jwvy qW auh bMdw isMG dy i^lw& jMg ivc Swiml hox vwsqy iqAwr hoxgy (rwijAW dI mMg sI ik aunHW nUM mwlvw Aqy gujrwq sONp id`qy jwx)[ BMfwrI iKvsI ny Sihzwdy nUM XkIn idvwieAw ik rwjy bwdSwh dy pUry v&wdwr hn[ Xwin auh Coty lwlc ip`Cy bMdw isMG nwl rl ky Awzwd hox dI bjwie muZlW dI ZulwmI krI jwx vwsqy iqAwr sn[BMfwrI iKvsI ny iek ^q ivc rwjw jYpur nUM ‘^brdwr’ kIqw sI ik jy iksy ny bwdSwh nUM iSkwieq kr id`qI ik rwijAW Aqy bMdw isMG ivc BweIvwlI cl rhI hY qW ies nwl bwdSwh dI nwrwzgI shyVnI pvygI[ ^cii

24 sqMbr nUM Sihzwdw AzIm-aus-Swn ny rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM inSwn Aqy isropwE Byjy

Aqy nwl hI ieh vI iliKAw ik ijauN hI auh sFOrw phuMcygw aus nUM d`Kx jwx dI iejwzq iml jwvygI[^ciii

A^Ir bwdSwh dw hukm mMn ky dovyN rwjy rwjy 7 AkqUbr dy idn sFOrw pu`j gey[ auDr bwdSwh dw Awpxw jrnYl muhMmd AmIn ^wn vI 5 AkqUbr nUM sqluj pwr kr ky lohgVH v`l cl ipAw[ jd bMdw isMG nUM rwjw jY isMh svweI dI ZdwrI Aqy eynIAW izAwdw &OjW dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny lV ky AwpxI qwkq guAwaux Aqy is`KW nUM mrvwaux dI QW ku`lU v`l cwly pw id`qy sn[

rwijAW dy sForw phuMcx Aqy AwpxI v&wdwrI swibq krn ’qy 23 AkqUbr dy idn bwdSwh ny rwjw AjIq isMh joDpur nUM pUrb Aqy jY isMh jYpur nUM d`Kx sONp id`qy[^civ pr bwdSwh ny rwijAW nUM ieh vI iliKAw ik auh sFOrw itky rihx ikauN ik Swied bMdw isMG iPr auDr Aw inkly[ bwdSwh ny rwijAW nUM ies sbMDI 4 nvMbr 1711 nUM iPr ^q iliKAw[^cv

5 nvMbr ƒ bwdSwh ƒ muhMmd AmIn ^wn dw ^q imilAw ijs ivc ikhw sI ik is`K rwq vyly aus dy kYNpW qy hmly krdy hn ies kr ky jlMDr doAwb dy &Ojdwr hoSdwr ^wn ƒ AwK ky hor 5 hzwr GoVsvwr &OjI aus ƒ idvw idqy jwx[ Agly hI idn bwdSwh nyy pMj hzwr &Oj qy iqMn sO bMdUkcI hoSdwr ^wn nUM dy ky aus nUM rUpV jwx vwsqy AwiKAw[ 12 nvMbr 1711 nUM srhMd dw &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn vI Awpxy iek hzwr &OjIAW nUM lY ky, muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc Swiml ho igAw[

ienHW idnW ivc hI bMdw isMG ny kuJ is`KW h`Q ^q Byj ky aunHW nUM bhwdr Swh dy i^lw& jMg ivc mdd dyx vwsqy ikhw sI[ 30 nvMbr 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ƒ ^br idqI geI ik ienHW dohW rwjpUq rwijAW ny bMdw isMG v`loN Byjy numwieMidAW ƒ ikhw sI ik auh bwdSwh dy syvwdwr hn Aqy

aus dy v&wdwr hn[ bwdSwh ny 7 dsMbr 1711 nUM rwijAW nUM iliKAw ik auh sFOrw itky rihx ikauN ik Swied bMdw isMG iPr auDr Aw inkly[^cvi dovyN rwjy kuJ idn hor sFOrw ivc itky rhy qy

A^Ir auh Awpxy vqnW nUM cl pey[

pMcolI jgjIvn dws dI ArzdwSq muqwibk 19 dsMbr 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ny rwijAW nUM iliKAw ik jd qk hoSdwr ^wn dI &Oj au~Qy phuMc nhIN jWdI audoN qk auh au~Qy itky rihx[ pr rwijAW dy vkIl BMfwrI iKvsI ny mhwbq ^wn nUM d“isAw ik Swied aus vkq qk rwjy jw cuky hoxgy[ ies ’qy Sihzwdw AzIm-auS-Swn nyy ikhw ik SwhI &urmwn qoN ibnW rwijAW dw sFOry qoN

cly jwxw bhuq mwVI g`l hY[ aunHW nUM pYZwm Byj idE ik auh dovyN Awpxy pMj-pMj sO sO jvwn hoSdwr ^wn dI mdd krn vwsqy sFOry qweInwq kr dyx[^cvii

ihMdU rwijAW v`loN is`KW dy s&IrW dw kql

ienHW idnW ivc hI bMdw isMG ny joDpur dw rwjw AjIq isMh Aqy jYpur (AMbyr) dw rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM kuJ is`KW h`Q ^q Byj ky aunHW nUM bhwdr Swh dI mdd nw krn vwsqy ikhw[ pr rwijAW nUM hux d`Kx qy gujrwq dIAW jgIrW iml rhIAW sn qy aunHW ny is`KW nwl nwqw qoV ilAw sI[ 30 nvMbr ƒ bwdSwh ƒ ^br idqI geI ik ienHW dohW Zulwm rwjpUq rwijAW ny bMdw isMG

v`loN Byjy numwieMidAW ƒ ikhw sI ik auh bwdSwh dy syvwdwr hn Aqy ies dy nwl hI aunHW rwijAW ny ienHW is`K s&IrW ƒ kql vI kr idqw sI[^cviii

ies qoN pihlW jUn ivc bMdw isMG dw iek s&Ir KVg isMG qy aus dy swQI, jo auydYpur dy rwjw Amr isMh vwsqy ^q iljw rhy sI, Awgrw ivc PiVAw jw cuky sn[ aunHW koloN bhuq swry dswwvyz hwisl hoey sn[^cix

 

lohgVH iklHw C`fx mgroN bMdw isMG dy AYkSn

ijvyN ik pihlW izkr kIqw hY ik lohgVH qoN inkl jwxw drAsl isMG dw iek pYNqVw sI[ aus dI plwinMg sI ik SwhI lSkr dy jvwn hMB jwx qy bwdSwh nUM bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwx dw Jorw l`gw rhy[ ies kr ky fry hoey bwdSwh nUM hOslw dyx vwsqy aus nUM JUTI ^br phuMcweI geI ik muZl &OjW ny lohgVH ’qyy kbzw kr ilAw hY[ aus ny ieh vI pYZwm phuMcw id`qw ik auh

lwhOr ’qy hmlw krn dI plwn bxw irhw hY[ aus nUM pqw sI ik ies nwl muZl &OjW lohgVH C`f ky lwhOr nUM cl pYxgIAW[

ies kr ky bMdw isMG lohgVH ivcoN inkl igAw[ auh nwhn qoN iblwspur pu`jw (mgroN mMfI, ku`lU, kWgVw qy cMbw pu`jw qy au~QoN aUDmpur ivcoN lMMGdw hoieAw auh JnW dy kMFy irAwsI ipMf phuMc igAw sI)[

phwVI irAwsqW qoN eIn mnvwauxw

iblwspur ’qy hmlw

lohgVH ivcoN inkl ky bMdw isMG ny phwVI ielwikAW ivc kwrvweI krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies dOr ivc sB qoN pihlW aus ny phwVI rwijAW nUM soDx dw plwn bxwieAw[ aus dw sB qoN pihlw hmlw kihlUr irAwsq dI rwjDwnI iblwspur ’qy sI[ ie`QoN dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb vyly AnMdpur Aqy inrmohgVH ’qy ds vwrI hmly kIqy sn[ srhMd Aqy lwhOr dI &Oj nUM AnMdpur Aqy inrmohgVH ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy cVHw ilAwaux vwlw vI auhI sI[ 5-6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn, AnMdpur qoN sdw vwsqy cly jwx vwsqy mjbUr krn vwsqy, ngr nUM Gyrw vI iesy dI &Oj ny pwieAw sI[ s`c qW ieh hY ik is`KW dIAW muSiklW dw muK izMmydwr rwjw Ajmyr cMd sI[ so vzIr ^wn vWg ies nUM szw dyxw vI bhuq zrUrI sI[

iek iKAwl ieh vI kIqw jWdw hY ik ie`Qy bMdw isMG ny iek ZlqI kr leI[ aus ny

Ajmyr cMd ’qy hmlw krn dI bjwie pihlW aus nUM ZulwmI kbUl krn dw pYZwm ByijAw ik auh eIn mMn lvy[ (Ajmyr cMd qoN ‘ADInqw’ mMnvwauxw is`K AjMfw nhIN sI)[ ^Yr, Ajmyr cMd is`KW

A`gy isr ik`Qy JukwauNdw sI? eIn mMnx dI QW aus ny phwVI rwijAW Aqy kWgVw qy jlMDr doAwbw dy &OjdwrW koloN mdd mMg leI[ aunHW ny AwpxIAW &OjW Aqy Aslw Byj id`qw[ Ajmyr cMd ny iblwspur dy iklHy nUM cMgI qrHW mzbUq kr ilAw[ pr iblwspur dw iklHw phwVW ivc iGirAw hox dy bwvjUd is`KW dy iek zordwr h`ly A`gy bhuqI dyr nhIN sI itk skdw[ dUjw, is`K &OjI gurU vwsqy lV rhy sn nw ik auh phwVI &OjIAW vWg iksy rwjy dy qn^whdwr sn[ ies kr ky BwvyN is`KW Aqy iblwspurIAW ivc ^Ub lVweI hoeI pr CyqI hI Ajmyr cMd ny hiQAwr sut id`qy[ ies lVweI ivc 13 sO phwVI &OjI mwry gey (ienHW dw sskwr krn dI bjwie, ienHW lwSW nUM fUMGIAW KweIAW ivc dbw id`qw igAw)[ is`KW iv`coN bhuq QoVHy bMdy ShId hoey sn[

ieh svwl ik bMdw isMG ny Ajmyr cMd nUM su`cw nMd vWg szw ikauN nhIN id`qI? iek ivcwr ieh hY ik, Ajmyr cMd ny is`KW dI ZulwmI kbUl kr leI sI qy hiQAwr su`t id`qy sn[ kuJ is`KW muqwibk, Ajmyr cMd Aqy vzIr ^wn qy su`cw nMd dw jurm ie`ko ijMnw nhIN sI[ auh socdy sn ik Ajmyr cMd ny AnMdpr swihb ’qy hmly zrUr kIqy sn; pr srhMd vwilAW ny qW

bygunwh b`icAW qy mwqw jI nUM qsIhy dy-dy ky ShId kIqw sI[ pr, ies dy bwvjUd Ajmyr cMd dy gunwh eyny sn ik aus dI Gto-Gt szw mOq hI bxdI sI[

mMfI dy rwjy nUM isropwE

iblwspur nUM ij`qx mgroN bMdw isMG ny kuJ hor phwVI rwijAW nUM vI eIn mMnx vwsqy pYZwm Byjy[ iek-iek kr ky swirAW ny isr Jukw id`qw[ sB qoN pihlW mMfI dy rwjy is`D syn ny bMdw isMG A`gy isr JukwieAw[ bMdw isMG nUM pqw sI ik ieh irAwsq gurU nwnk swihb dy zmwny qoN hI gurU Gr dI syvwdwr rhI sI ies kr ky aus ny mMfI dy rwjy nUM ie`zq nwl iK`lq dy ky ivdw kIqw[ ieM\ hI nwhn dw rwjw qW pihlW hI bMdw isMG dw swQ dy irhw sI qy iesy kr ky kuJ idn pihlW hI bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ny nwhn-rwjw BUp pRkwS nUM kYd kr id`qw sI qy aus dI irhweI vwsqy bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI dI Srq r`KI sI (mgroN nwhn dy rwjy ny &r^sIAr nwl sWJ pw leI sI qy is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc Swiml ho igAw sI)[

ku`lU ivc bMdw isMG nUM ‘igR&qwr’ krn dI khwxI

mMfI qoN bwAd bMdw isMG ku`lU v`l clw igAw[igAwnI igAwn isMG ilKdw hY ik ie`QoN dy rwjy mwn isMh ny bMdw isMG nUM DoKy nwl ‘kYd’ kr ilAw qy iek v`fy ipMjry ivc bMd kr id`qw qW jo aus nUM bhwdr Swh kol pyS kr ky aus qoN v`fw eInwm hwisl kIqw jwvy[ ies kYd iv`coN bMdw isMG ikvyN inkilAw ies bwry v`K-v`K do vyrvy imldy hn: (1) bMdw isMG nUM irhw krvwaux vwsqy mMfI dy rwjy ny AwpxI &Oj ku`lU rvwnw kr id`qI sI pr ies &Oj dy phuMcx qoN pihlW hI is`K &OjW ny bMdw isMG nUM kYd iv`coN irhw krvw ilAw sI (2) dUjy ivcwr muqwibk bMdw isMG nUM aus dy swQI irhw krvw ky mMfI lY gey sn[

ies bwry iek ‘dMd-kQw’ ieh vI ilKI jWdI hY ik ku`lU dy rwjy ny bMdw isMG nUM ipMjry ivc pw ilAw sI qy bMdw isMG Awpxy jwdU nwl au~QoN ipMjry sxy auf ky mMfI phuMc igAw sI[ ieho ijhIAW jwdU khwxIAW audoN vI crcw ivc rihMdIAW huMdIAW sn[

bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI dI ieh khwxI dI qsdIk &wrsI soimAW qy SwhI irkwrfW qoN nhIN huMdI[ jy ieh Gtnw hoeI huMdI qW muZl drbwr ivc ies dw izkr zrUr hoieAw hoxw sI[A^bwrwiq drbwir muA`lw dy irkwrf jW koeI ho somw ies bwry zrw mwsw vI ieSwrw nhIN krdw[ ieh khwxI XkInn igAwnI igAwn isMG v`loN GVI geI iek hor g`p hI hY[

bMdw isMG dw cMbw ivc ivAwh

ku`lU nUM Jukwaux mgroN jnvrI 1711 ivc bMdw isMG cMbw pu`j igAw, ij`Qy aus nUM rwjw audY isMh ny AwpxI ^UbsUrq DI suSIl kuMvr (mgroN suSIl kOr) dw folw vI id`qw[ ies qoN mgroN suSIl kOr sdw hI bMdw isMG dy nwl rhI sI Aqy aus ny mwrc 1712 ivc lohgVH ivc hI AjY isMG nUM jnm id`qw sI, ijs ƒ bMdw isMG dy nwl 9 jUn 1716 dy idn ShId kr idqw igAw sI[

dunIAW dI qvwrI^ ivc Swied AjY isMG hI sB qoN CotI aumr dw ShId sI, ijs nUM swFy cwr swl dI aumr ivc ShId kr id`qw igAw sI)[ suSIl kOr nUM vI bMdw isMG dy nwl gurdws nMgl dI gVHI iv`coN igR&qwr kr ky idlI iljwieAw igAw sI (aus dy AMq smyN jW mOq bwry iksy somy ivc zrw vI izkr nhIN imldw)[

jMmU qy jlMDr-doAwbw dy &OjdwrW ƒ mwrnw

bMMdw isMG cMbw qoN mgroN sIbw, nUrpur qy jsvwn dy phwVI rwijAW qoN eIn mnvw ky irAwsI phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy bMdw isMG ny is`K &OjW nUM muV jQybMd kIqw qy kuJ icr irAwsI (jMmU-kSmIr) ivc itkx mgroN aus ny iPr pMjwb v`l nUM mUMh kr ilAw[ auh mwrc 1711 dy pihly h&qy jMmU dI srh`dI cOkI rwiepur Aqy bihrwmpur dI jUh ivc phuMc igAw[ ienHIN idnIN jlMDr-doAwb dI

rwjDwnI  sulqwnpur  dw  &Ojdwr  Sms  ^wn  Apxy-cwcy  kuqbdIn  ^ySgI  aur&  bwiezId  ^wn

(&Ojdwr jMmU) kol AwieAw hoieAw sI[ jd aunHW ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K &OjW ienHW phwVW ivc GMum rhIAW hn qW aunHW dohW ny &Oj lY ky is`KW vl kUc kr id`qw[ aunHW ny pihlW vI, 1710 dI AkqUbr-nvMbr ivc, is`K &OjW nUM rwhoN Aqy srhMd ivc hrwieAw sI[ ies AwkV ivc auh is`KW dy ip`Cy cl pey[ is`K aus vyly jMg vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sn[ ies kr ky QoVHw ijhw mukwblw krn mgroN isK hrn ho gey[ bwiezId ^wn Aqy Sms ^wn ny aunHW dw bhuqI dUr qk ip`Cw nw kIqw[

drAsl is`K B`jy nhIN sn; ieh q W aunHW dw iek pYNqVw sI (ijs ƒ ‘FweI &`t dI lVweI’ ikhw jWdw hY)[ jd is`KW ny vyiKAw ik pTwx jrnYl Awpxy Awp ƒ jyqU smJdy hoey Avysly ho gey hn qW aunHW ny ip`Cy muV ky muZl &Oj ’qy iek dm hmlw kr idqw[ ies Acwnk hmly ivc ivc Sms ^wn mOky ’qy hI mwirAw igAw Aqy bwiezId ^wn burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ auh vI iqMn idn mgroN mr igAw[ ienHW dIAW lwSW nUM ksUr ivc iljw ky d&n kIqw igAw[ ies lVweI ivcoN is`K &OjW nUM Sms ^wn qy kuqbdIn dy fyry dw bhuq swrw Aslw qy hor mwl-m`qw vI h`Q AwieAw[

pr ienHW dI mOq dI ^br bwdSwh nUM nhIN iml skI sI[ 12 mwrc 1711 dy idn bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik Sms ^wn qy kuqb ^wn (bwiezId ^wn) dI is`KW nwl zbrdsq lVweI ho rhI hY[ iek ieqlwh muqwibk dohW ivcoN iek mr cukw hY qy dUjw Ajy lV irhw hY[ bwdSwh ny ies ^br dI qsdIk krn vwsqy hdwieq id`qI[ pr 20 mwrc nUM iBKwrI dw dI ic`TI ivc d`isAw igAw ik ieh dovyN is`KW h`QoN mwry gey hn[^cx bwdSwh nUM aus nUM id`qI geI ieqlwh muqwibk is`K &OjW dI igxqI 25 hzwr sI[ hux bwiezId ^wn kuqbdIn ^ySgI dy mr jwx kr ky bwdSwh ny srhMd dy &Ojdwr &Iroz Kwn myvwqI ƒ srhMd qoN bdl ky jMmU dw &Ojdwr lw idqw qy aus dI QW ZwzI ^wn ‘rusqm jMg’ ƒ srhMd dw &Ojdwr bxw idqw[

mwry gey bwiezId ^wn (p`uqr sulqwn Aihmd ^wn) kol iek hzwr zwq qy pMj sO svwr dw mnsb sI[ aus dy nwl hI mwry gey aus dy BqIjy Sms ^wn (pu`qr pIr ^wn, poqw sulqwn Aihmd ^wn) kol pMj sO zwq qy iek sO svwr dw mnsb sI qy auh jlMDr-ibsq ivc sulqwnpur dw swbkw &Ojdwr sI[ 1710 dy SurU ivc aus nUM ies Ahudy qoN htw id`qw igAw sI[ iPr 4 Agsq 1710 dy idn bwdSwh ny, nkodr ivc lu`tmwr krn dy doS kwrn, aus dw mnsb vI iek sO zwq qy iek sO svwr Gtw id`qw sI qy aus dw i^qwb ‘i^qwb ^wnI’ vI vwips lY ilAw sI[ pr, rwhoN Aqy srhMd ivc is`KW nUM hrwaux, qy ies mgroN vI is`KW dy i^lw& zbrdsq muihMm clwaux kwrn, aus nUM qy aus dy cwcw kuqbdIn ^ySgI (bwiezId ^wn), dohW nUM dobwrw aunHW dy AhuidAw ’qy bhwl kr idqw igAw sI[ mAwsrul aumrw dw lyKk ilKdw hY ik Sms ^wn ny is`KW nwl 22 vwr t`kr leI sI[ pr muV bhwlI qoN iek mhIny dy AMdr hI auh is`KW dy h`QoN mwirAw igAw sI[

bMdw isMG lwhOr dIAW brUhW qk pu`jw: ies mgroN is`K &OjW ny lwhOr v`l mUMh kr ilAw[ 7 mwrc dI ieqlwh muqwibk bMdw isMG lwhor Sihr dy nyVy pu`j cukw sI[^cxi

btwlw Aqy klwnOr ’qy is`KW dw kbzw

hux isK &OjW ny klwnOr Aqy btwly v`l ru^ kr ilAw sI[ A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muAlw` muqwibk jdoN bMdw isMG dy btwlw dy nyVy pu`jx dIAW ^brW AweIAW qW Sihr dy Aqy Awly-duAwly dy bhuq swry AmIr-vzIr, Awpxw m`l-m`qw sMBwl ky, Awpxy t`brW sxy, Sihr C`f ky lwhOr nUM B`j gey[audoN btwlw ivc seIAd muhMmd &zl kwdrI Aqy SY^ Aihmd (SY^ul ihMd) do mShUr S^sIAqW rihMdIAW sn[ seIAd muhMmd &zl kwdrI (ijs ny iek v`fw mdr`sw vI kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI) is`KW nwl lVweI kr ky nukswn krvwaux dy h`k ivc nhIN sI pr SY^ Aihmd (ijs nUM ‘SY^ul ihMd’ ikhw jWdw sI) bMdw isMG nUM zbrdsq t`kr dyxI cwhuMdw sI[

bMdw isMG ny btwly ’qy hmlw krn qoN pihlW, 6 iklomItr dUr, Acl-vtwlw puj ky pVwA kIqw qy Agly idn is`K &OjW phu-P`utx qoN pihlW btwly dy hwQI drvwzy nyVy pu`j geIAW[ SY^ Aihmd ny SihroN bwhr Aw ky is`K &OjW nwl t`kr leI pr bVI CyqI hI auh mwirAw igAw[ ies mgroN is`K &OjW drvwzy BMn ky Sihr ivc dwi^l hoeIAW Aqy zwlm hwkmW Aqy AmIrW dy Gr

l`ut ley[ kwzI Abdul h`k dw mh`lw Aqy swrIAW hvylIAW lu`tx mgroN swV idqIAW geIAW[ 20 mwrc 1711 dI irport muqwibk is`KW dw btwlw ’qy mukMml kbzw ho cukw sI [^cxii

btwlw qoN bwAd is`K &OjW ny klwnOr^cxiii  ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ ieQoN dw &Ojdwr suhrwb

^wn sI Aqy kwƒngo iek ihMdU sMqoK rwey sI[ auh dovyN bMdw isMG dy hmly dI qwAb nw J`l sky[ sMqoK rwey dy Brw AxoK rwie ny vI kuJ icr bMdw isMG dw mukwblw krn dI koiSS kIqI pr iqMny burI qrHW z^mI ho ky, jwnW bcw ky, lwhOr vl n`s gey[ aunHW dI QW ’qy bMdw isMG ny is`KW ƒ &OjdwrI qy hor AhuidAW ’qy lw idqw[

ApYrl 1711 dw dUjw A`D bMdw isMG ny klwnOr ivc hI ibqwieAw[ klwnOr iek bVw v`fw

Sihr sI (ies Sihr bwry ieh mShUr sI ik “ijs ny vyiKAw nhIN lwhOr auh vyK ley klwnOr”)[ ieh Sihr eynw v`fw sI ik ies ivc sYNkVy msIqW sn Aqy ie`Qy hzwrW (Swied iek l`K qoN vI vD) muuslmwn rihMdy sn[ bMdw isMG ny klwnOr ’qy kbzw krn mgroN vI iksy msijd jW iksy hor muslm Adwry ƒ koeI nukswn nhIN phMucwieAw[ aus ny iek vwr drbwr lw ky ieh spSt vI kIqw ik aus dI lVweI muslmwnW dy i^lw& nhIN blik zwlm pTwn qy muZl hwkmW dy i^lw& hY[

bMdw isMG dy ies AYlwn-nwmy ’qy Awm muslmwnW ny bVw skUn mihsUs kIqw[ ikauNik Awm

AwdmI aus vyly zwlm hwkmW qoN bVw duKI sI, ies kr ky aunHW dy idl ivc bMdw isMG Aqy Kwlsw &Oj vwsqy hmdrdI qy AkIdq pYdw ho geI[ ies dy nwl hI hzwrW muslmwnW ny bMdw isMG dI &Oj ivc nOkrI krn dI ^wihS dw iezhwr kIqw[ bMdw isMG ny &rw^idlI idKwauNidAW hoieAw muslmwnW ƒ vI &Oj ivc nOkrIAW dy idqIAW[ mgroN 28 ApYrl 1711 dy idn jd bwdSwh ny

rUpV nyVy sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw qW aus ƒ ihdwieq au~lw ^wn ny bMdw isMG bwry, BgvqI dws hrkwry dI, irport pyS kridAW disAw ik ^cxiv:

“nwnk pUj (bMdw isMG) dw fyrw 19 qwrI^ (26 AprYl 1711) qk klwnOr dy ksby ivc sI[ aus ny bcn id`qw hY qy iekrwr kIqw hY ik auh muslmwnW ƒ koeI qklI& nhIN dyvygw[ cunWic (ies kr ky) ijhVw koeI vI muslmwn aus v`l rujU huMdw (nwl jw imldw) hY auh aus dI idhwVI Aqy qn^wh nIAq kr ky aus dw i^Awl vI rKdw hyY[ aus ny aunHW ƒ ^uqbw Aqy nmwz dI iejwzq vI idqI hoeI hY[ cunWic pMj hzwr muslmwn aus bwZI is`K AwgU kol nOkr ho gey hn[ Azwn qy nmwz dI iejwzq mgroN muslmwn ienHW bwZIAW dI &OjW ivc skUn mihsUs kr rhy hn[“

24 mwrc 1711 dI iek ^br muqwibk is`KW ny gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI Aqy rwvI dirAw dy dUjy kMFy Swhdrw (lwhOr dy bwhrvwr) qk kbzw kr ilAw sI[^cxv

7 AprYl 1711 nUM, jd bwdSwh bnUV kol sI, qW aus nUM disAw igAw ik is`K lwhOr qoN 40-45 iklomItr dI dUrI ’qy pVwA kr rhy sn qy aunHW ny iek iklHw vI bxw ilAw hY[ is`KW ny

rwvI dirAw dy duAwly, phwVW dy nyVy 25 iklomItr cOVy Aqy 10 iklomItr lMby ielwky ivc Awpxy Qwxy vI kwiem kr ley sn qy ies ielwky dy zmINdwr aunHW dw swQ dy rhy sn[^cxvi

15 AprYl nUM bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik iblwspur dy rwjy ny is`KW nwl dosqI kr leI hY

ijs hyT rwjw is`KW nUM AwpxI irAwsq ivc pnwh dyvygw Aqy jy muZl &OjW is`KW dy ip`Cy AweIAW qW auh (rwjw) aunHW dw rwh rokygw[^cxvii

BwvyN bwdSwh nUM kdy-kdy is`KW dI hwr dI ^br vI iml jWdI sI pr aus Ajy vI bhuq firAw hoieAw sI[ aus nUM bMdw isMG dw kuJ vI pqw nhIN sI lg irhw[ pr aus nUM 13 meI 1711 dy idn kySo rwE hrkwry dI ByjI ^br qoN ieh vI pqw l`gw ik is`KW ny rwvI qy ibAws dy ivckwrly ielwky ivc p`ky Twxy kwiem kr ley hoey sn Aqy ielwky dy bhuq swry pTwn jrnYlW qy

jwgIrdwrW nUM kql kr ky aunHW dy ^zwny qy Asly kbzy ivc kr ley sn[ bhwdr Swh nUM Awpxy mwry gey jrnYlW dw hor vI v`fw A&sos sI[

is`KW dy i^lw& muihMMm ivc kwrguzwrI idKwaux bdly bwdSwh ny jMmU dy zmINdwr ikrpwl dyv, nUrpur dy zmINdwr dXw DMmw, zmINdwr auidq isMh buMdylw, kotlw dy zmINdwr swdwq ^wn, qwlwvwV dy zmINdwr qy 11 hor zmINdwrW (ijnHW iv`coN bhuqy ihMdU sn) nUM iK`lqW id`qIAW[ ienHW zmINdwrW nUM gurj-brdwr Kvwjw sulqwn Aqy rjOVI dy zmINdwr seIAd Azmqu`lw ^wn rwhIN hukm Byjy gey ik auh nwnk-pRsqW (is`KW) nUM ^qm krn dI muihMm ivc Swiml hox[

25 AprYl nUM bwdSwh ny ASr& ^wn nUM hirAwxw (hux izlHw huiSAwrpur) dw &Ojdwr bxw id`qw qy aus nUM vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy ByijAw[ iesy idn AwiqS ^wn nUM qopKwnw dw ieMcwrj bxw ky sqluj pwr is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy ByijAw igAw[

28 AprYl nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br id`qI geI ik 20 AprYl nUM is`K &qihbwd (goieMdvwl qoN 6 iklomItr) ivc sn[ au~QoN dy Qwnydwr Aqy zmINdwr eIsw ^wn (jo mgroN duAwbw dw nwieb bxwieAw igAw) ny iml ky ienHW is`KW nwl zbrdsq t`kr leI ijs ivc bhuq swry is`K mwry

gey sn[ bwdSwh nUM ieh vI d`isAw igAw ik pMj hzwr pTwn is`KW nwl lVn vwsqy iqAwr KVy

_hn[cxviii

5 meI nUM bwdSwh ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM SwbwS id`qI Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc rol

Adw krn ’qy iK`lq Byt kIqI[ aus nUM dobwrw is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy ByijAw qy aus nwl nON hzwr &OjI id`qy gey[^cxix

meI 1711 dy pihly h&qy bMdw isMG nUM pqw lg igAw ik bwdSwh dI &Oj ny sqluj pwr kr

ilAw hY[ ies ‘qy bMdw isMG ny klwnOr qy btwlw ^wlI kr id`qY Aqy l`KI jMgl v`l ru^ kr ilAw sI[<sup>cxx</sup> ie`QoN aunHW ny jMmU v`l phVW nUM inklxw sI[

14 meI nUM bwdSwh ny qlvn dy zmINdwrW: muZl byZ ^wn, durlb ^wn, Abdul smd ^wn qy ienwieq ^wn nUM vI bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy Byj id`qw[ ies qoN ielwvw ienwm ^wn

vwlwSwhI nUM vI hukm hoieAw ik auh muhMmd AmIn ^wn nwl Swiml ho jwvy Aqy is`KW dy ^wqmy ivc ih`sw pwvy[^cxxi

15 meI nUM bwdSwh ny Abdus smd ^wn (kuVm muhMmd AmIn ^wn Aqy bwp zkrIAw ^wn) nUM vI muhMmd AmIn ^wn nwl is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy tor id`qw igAw[^cxxii

18 meI nUM bwdSwh nUM Bgvwn dws hrkwry dI ByjI ieqlwh qoN pqw l`gw ik bMdw isMG, ibAws dirAw qoN s`q koh (22 iklomItr dUr), ipMf AlHwb ivc pVwA kr irhw sI[ jd SwhI

&ojW nUM ies dw pqw l`gw qW aunHW ny dirAw ’qy pul bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr is`KW dy qIrW Aqy bMdUkW dI bOCwV ny aunHW nUM pul bxwaux hI nw id`qw[^cxxiii

19 meI nUM bwdSwh ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM 10 bMdUkW, 300 qIr, 50 mx is`kw, 7 jzIry, do hzwr bMdUkcI hor Byjy jwx[ iesy idn bwdSwh ny aus ƒ iek l`K rupY ^zwnw ^ws ivcoN AYfvWs vI jwrI kIqy[ bwdSwh ny dOlq byZ ^wn, swlyh ^wn qy &qih au~lw

^wn ƒ vI muhMmd AmIn ^wn nwl muihMm ’qy jwx vwsqy mnzUrI idqI[ iesy idn srbrwh ^wn, ieslwm ^wn bhwdr, kulIc muhMmd ^wn bhwdr, mhwbq ^wn bhwdr, mu^ils ^wn bhwdr,

AjnbI ^wn bhwdr, b^SI-aul-mulk qy imrzw Swh invwz ^wn ƒ vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy jwx dw hukm hoieAw[^cxxiv

meI 1711 dy A^Irly idnW ivc is`K &OjW pursrUr (psrUr) qoN 20-22 iklomItr dUr sn[

30 meI nUM bwdSwh v`loN aucycI muihMm ’qy Byjy muhMmd AmIn ^wn (cYn bhwdr) Aqy ZwzI ^wn (rusqim-jMg) nUM ^br imlI ik is`K psrUr kol pVwA kr rhy hn[ ^br imlidAW hI SwhI

&OjW	dy	ieh	dovyN	jrnYl, lgwqwr 30 koh (100 iklomItr) pYNfw kr ky psrUr pu`jy Aqy pihlI
jUn	nUM	ienHW	SwhI	&OjW dI is`K &OjW dI t`kr ho geI[ ies dOrwn ^Ub ^Un folHvIN lVweI hoeI[

ies lVweI ivc dohW &OjW dw zbrdsq nukswn hoieAw[ ies lVweI ivc muZl jrnYl eIsw ^wn (puqr dOlq mueIn) vI Swiml sI (Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ieh eIsw ^wn mM\ nhIN blik dOlq

mueIn dw pu`qr sI)[ aus dw hwQI vI ies lVweI ivc golI l`gx nwl z^mI ho igAw[ duSmx &OjW dI igxqI vDyry hox kr ky is`KW ny t`kr lYx dI bjwie jMmU dy ihMdU rwjy Druv dyv dy ielwky ivc phwVW vl mMUh kr ilAw[ jd Druv dyv nUM is`KW dy auDr Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny AwpxI swrI &Oj is`KW dy ip`Cy Byj id`qI[ auDr rjOVI dy zmIdwr Azmq-aulw-^wn ny vI Awpxy &OjI bMdw isMG dy i^lw& Byj id`qy[ is`K ienHW dohW dw mukwblw nw kr sky qy au~pr phwVW vl nUM inkl gey[ ies dOrwn prol qy kTUAw ivc vI is`K &OjW nUM hwr hoeI[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc ShId hox vwly 5 sO is`KW dy isr k`t ky bwdSwh nUM Byjy gey[ ies vyly ieh A&vwh vI &Yl geI ik bMdw isMG vI ShId ho igAw hY[ ies ’qy muZl &OjW ShId hoey is`KW ivcoN bMdw isMG dI lwS lBdIAW rhIAW pr aunHW dw Brm CyqI hI dUr ho igAw[

ies jMg dI ^br bwdSwh nUM 4 jUn nUM imlI[ bwdSwh ny ies lVweI ivc bhwdrI idKwaux bdly muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM iK`lq, iek hIirAW nwl jVI qlvwr Aqy m`CI qy Syr vwlw iek inSwn (emblem) Aqy ZwzI ^wn nUM iek iK`lq, iek qlvwr Aqy m`CI qy GoVy vwlw iek inSwn dyx dw AYlwn kIqw Aqy aunHW nUM pYZwm ByijAw ik auh bwdSwh nUM Aw ky imlx qy eInwm hwisl krn[ bwdSwh ny dOlq mueIn Aqy aus dy pu`qr eIsw ^wn nUM vI eInwm ivc qlvwrW Byjx dw AYlwx kIqw[^cxxv

7 jUn nUM bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik jMmU dw rwjw Druv dyv Aqy rjOVI dw zmINdwr seIAd Azmq aulHw ^wn is`K &OjW dw ip`Cw kr rhy sn qy muhMmd AmIn ^wn qy ZwzI ^wn bhwdr vI aunHW dy nwl sn qy aunHW ny is`K &OjW nUM Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ bwdSwh nUM XkIn idvwieAw jw irhw sI ik bMdw isMG nUM CyqI hI PV ilAw jwvygw[ pr bwdSwh dI ^uSI QoVHw icr hI kwiem rhI ikauN ik ies Gyry iv`coN vI is`K &OjW bc ky inkl geIAW[ ies mgroN is`K &OjW vzIrwbwd dy ielwky v`l nUM clIAW geIAW[ ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr Azhr ^wn ny vI is`KW ’qy zbrdsq hmlw kIqw qy

Awpxy ielwky iv`coN inkl jwx ’qy mjbUr kr id`qw[ bwdSwh ny vzIrwbwd dy &Ojdwr Azhr ^wn nUM ies kwrnwmy bdly iK`lq Byt kIqI[^cxxvi

ies vyly bwdSwh lwhOr v`l Aw irhw sI[ auh 9 jUn nUM bjvwVw pu`jw qy kuJ idn ie`Qy

ruikAw qy iPr lwhOr vl cl ipAw[ 13 jUn nUM bwdSwh ny cwr rupY mhInw qn^wh ’qy do hzwr pYdl &OjI Aqy 25 rupY mhInw ’qy do hzwr GoVsvwr BrqI krn dw &urmwn jwrI kIqw[^cxxvii aus

ny hor vI &OjW is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc Byj id`qIAW[

16 jUn nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik is`K &OjW vzIrwbwd qoN phwVW v`l inkl geIAW hn qy sFOry v`l jw rhIAW hn[ aus nUM d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG phwVW ivcoN jw irhw hY qy aus ny dobwrw lohgVH ’qy kbzw krnw hY[ ies ’qy aus ny v`fy Sihzwdy jhWdwr ^wn Aqy eIsw ^wn

(nwieb &Ojdwr ibsq doAwb jlMDr) dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh sFOry v`l jw ky is`KW nUM Gyrn[^cxxviii pr is`K &OjW qW aus vyly phwVW ivc PsIAW bYTIAW sn qy lohgV qoN bhuq dUr

sn[ bMdw isMG vI ienHW dy ivc hI sI[ jd muZl &OjW sFOry pu`jIAW qW aunHW nUM bMdw isMG dw nW inSwn nzr nw AwieAw[ drAsl ieh bMdw isMG dI cwlwkI sI[ auh muZl &OjW nUM aulJw ky do ih`isAW ivc vMfxw cwhuMdw sI[

pihlI Agsq dy idn bwdSwh lwhOr phuMc igAw[

is`K &OjW dw iPr lohgVH v`l kUc

23 Agsq ƒ bwdSwh ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn ƒ is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy 2 lK rupY hor AYfvWs Byjy[<sup>cxxix</sup> 27 Agsq nUM bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik bMdw isMG rwvI pwr kr ky ropV v`l

clw igAw hY qy au~QoN auh dwbr (lohgVH) v`l jwx dI iqAwrI kr irhw hY[ 14 sqMbr nUM bwdswh nUM ^br imlI ik bMdw isMG ny cwr hzwr is`K &OjW nwl 7 sqMbr nUM sqluj dirAw pwr kr ilAw sI[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn ƒ kIrqpur vl kUc krn vwsqy pYZwm Byj idqw qy nwl hI nON hzwr hor &Oj muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI mdd vwsqy Byjx dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ muhMmd

AmIn ^wn ny 5 AkqUbr 1711 ƒ sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw[ eyny ivc bMdw isMG au~QoN inkl ky phwVW v`l clw igAw[ auh CyqI hI k`ulU irAwsq ivc dwi^l ho igAw[

2 nvMbr 1711 dy idn bwdSwh ny hoSdwr ^wn (puqr ierwdq ^wn) nUM jlMDr-doAwb dw &Ojdwr Qwp ky aus nUM vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc qweInwq kr id`qw[^cxxx

5 nvMbr ƒ bwdSwh ƒ muhMmd AmIn ^wn dw ^q imilAw ijs ivc ikhw sI ik is`K rwq vyly aus dy kYNpW qy hmly krdy hn ies kr ky jlMDr doAwb dy &Ojdwr hoSdwr ^wn ƒ AwK ky

hor 5 hzwr GoVsvwr &OjI aus ƒ idvw idqy jwx[ Agly hI idn bwdSwh nyy pMj hzwr &Oj qy iqMn sO bMdUkcI hoSdwr ^wn nUM dy ky aus nUM ropV jwx vwsqy AwiKAw[^cxxxi 12 nvMbr 1711 nUM

srhMd dw &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn vI Awpxy iek hzwr &OjIAW nUM lY ky, muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc Swiml ho igAw[^cxxxii 14 nvMbr nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik

9 nvMbr dy idn is`KW qy SwhI &OjW ivckwr jMgl hrI dy rwh ’qy cwr GMty lgwqwr zbrdsq lVweI hoeI sI ijs ivc is`K Aqy muZl &OjI dovyN hI v`fI igxqI ivc mwry gey sn[^cxxxiii

iblwspur ivc ShIdIAW

dsMbr 1711 ivc is`K &OjW kihlUr irAwsq ivc dwi^l ho cukIAW sn (ienHW ivc bwbw bMdw isMG Swiml nhIN sI)[ 28 dsMbr dy idn muhMmd AmIn ^wn dIAW &OjW ny brswxw ndI dy kMFy ’qy qMbU g`fy hoey sn[ jd is`KW ƒ ies dw pqw lgw qW aunW ƒ muZl &OjW ‘qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies mOky qy qIrW Aqy bMdUkW dI BwrI jMg hoeI[ ies jMg ivc qkrIbn pMj sO is`K ShId hoey[ ShId hox vwly is`KW ivc kyso isMG puqr BweI icqr isMG qy bwG isMG, (dovyN puqr BweI audY isMG qy poqy BweI mnI isMG) vI Swiml sn[

Swm pYx mgroN is`K dirAw pwr kr ky iblwspur vl inkl gey[ hwlW ik dohIN pwsIN ie`ko ijhw nukswn hoieAw sI pr bhwdr Swh ƒ ^uS krn vwsqy ies ƒ muZl &OjW dI ij`q disAw igAw[ muhMmd AmIn ^wn ny eInwm hwisl krn vwsqy ShId hoey pMj sO is`KW dy isr ktvw ky bwdSwh ƒ Byjy[ bwdSwh kol ieh isr jd 12 jnvrI 1712 ƒ pu`jy qW aus ny ienHW isrW dI numwieS lwaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ (iPr 18 jnvrI nUM ienHW isrW dy mInwr bxwaux dy hukm jwrI kIqy gey)[ bwdSwh ny muZl &Oj dI ies ‘kwmXwbI’ ’qy mujrw krvwaux dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny njUmIAW dI qjvIz muqwibk iek GoVw, iek jMglI sMFw, iek Zulwm, kuJ jVwaU qy sony dIAW cIzW vZYrw dwn-puMn kIqIAW Aqy ienHW sB cIzW dy isr-vwrny kr ky A&srW nUM b^SIAW[ pr, ienHW idnW ivc hI bwdSwh bImwr pY igAw[

22 jnvrI 1712 ƒ bwdSwh ƒ disAw igAw ik bMdw isMG kIrqpur qoN inkl ky kihlUr

(iblwspur) irAwsq ivc clw igAw sI qy b`sI A&ZwnW (kIrqpur qoN pMJI iklomItr dUr) ivc pVwA kr irhw sI[ iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny aus ƒ pnwh id`qI hoeI hY[ bwdSwh ƒ ieh vI disAw igAw ik bMdw isMG nUM pnwh dyx dy jurm ivc, muZl jrnYl &Iroz jMg ^wn ny, kIrqpur Aqy kilAwxpur ipMfW ƒ swV ky suAwh kr idqw sI[ &Iroz jMg ny Awp ipMf inrmoh

(kIrqpur  qoN  pMj  iklomItr  dUr)  fyry  lwey  hoey  sn  qy  auh  ie`QoN  is`KW  ’qy  ingwh  rK  irhw

_sI[cxxxiv

hwiqm ^wn dw is`KW h`QoN mwirAw jwxw

dsMbr dy dUjy h&qy ivc joDpur Aqy jYpur dy ihMdU rwjy vwips rwijsQwn ƒ muV gey sn[ 25 dsMbr 1711 ƒ bMdw isMG ƒ ies bwry pqw lg cukw sI[ bwdSwh ny ienHW rwijAW ƒ jwx ligAW (ienHW dI ZYr hwzrI ivc hI) cwr hzwrI qy swFy iqMn hzwrI mnsb b^S id`qy sn[

Sihzwdw AzImauSwn ny ienHW ƒ mnsb dy prvwny pyS krn Aqy ivdwiegI dyx vwsqy &Ojdwr hwiqm ^wn ƒ ienHW dy ip`Cy ByijAw sI[ jd hwiqm ^wn vwips muV irhw sI qW is`K &OjW ny aus ƒ J`jr dy nyVy Gyr ky mwr idqw[ (ies dI ^br bwdSwh ƒ pihlI &rvrI 1712 ƒ imlI sI)[

ienHIN idnIN bMdw isMG iblwspur ivc bYTw sI[ is`KW dy iek j`Qy ny AnMdpur swihb qoN 14 iklomItr dUr, ijMdbVI (jo iksy zmwny ivc iek v`fw prgnw irhw sI) ivc doAwbw dy &Ojdwr hoSdwr ^wn dI &Oj ‘qy hmlw kr idqw qy bhuq swry muZl ispwhI mwr mukwey[

23 jnvrI 1712 ƒ bwdSwh ny jMmU dy &Ojdwr &Iroz ^wn bhwdr ƒ vI is`KW dw ip`Cw krn vwsqy hukm Byj id`qw sI[^cxxxv &rvrI 1712 dy pihly h&qy bMdw isMG Awp iblwspur ivc bYTw

sI; duAwby dw &Ojdwr hoSdwr ^wn jYjoN ivc pu`j cukw sI Aqy muhMmd AmIn ^wn ipMf Blovwl ivc sI[ ienHW dohW dIAW &OjW ipMf ijMdbVI Aqy J`jr ivc vI bYTIAW sn qy is`KW ’qy ingwh r`K rhIAW sn[ ies vyly qk muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI AgvweI ivc vIh hzwr qoN vI vD muZl &Oj bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy lgI hoeI sI pr auh Ajy qk aus dy nyVy nhIN sn pu`j sky[ BwvyN muhMmd AmIn

^wn ƒ koeI v`fI kwmXwbI nhIN sI imlI pr iPr vI bhwdr Swh ny 13 &rvrI 1712 dy idn aus ƒ “ZwzI-aud-dIn ^wn bhwdr” dw i^qwb dy idqw[^cxxxvi

 

muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dw pwZl hoxw qy aus dI mOq

iek`lw AmIn ^wn hI nhIN blik bwdSwh ny ds v`fy qy drjnW Coty jrnYl Aqy hzwrW &OjW bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy lweIAW hoeIAW sn[ aunHW dIAW is`K &OjW nwl bhuq JVpW hoeIAW sn ijnHW ivc dohW iDrW dw coKw nukswn hoieAw sI[ bwdSwh ny keI l`K rupY qy byihswb Aslw vI dwA

’qy lwieAw hoieAw sI pr aus ƒ bMdw isMG ƒ ^qm krn ivc kwmXwbI hwisl nw hoeI[ bhwdr Swh ƒ 1708 ivc Awpxy BrwvW ƒ hrwaux qy mwr mukwaux ivc kwmXwbI hwisl ho cukI sI[ auh d`Kx dI bZwvq ƒ dbw cukw sI[ aus ny rwjpUqW ƒ kwbU kr ilAw sI Aqy ieh swry mu^wil& v`fIAW-v`fIAW &OjW Aqy bypnwh qwkq vwly sn[ dUjy pwsy is`K QoVHI jhI igxqI ivc sn, aunHW kol Aslw vI QoVHw sI, aunHW dw ^zwnw vI koeI nhI sI, aunHW dy kbzy ivc iklHy jW irAwsqW vI nhIN sn[ ies kr ky bwdSwh smJdw sI ik auh ienHW ƒ kuJ idnW ivc hI ^qm kr dyvygw[

bwdSwh dI ^uS&ihmI CyqI hI ^qm ho geI[ bMdw isMG aus dy &OjIAW dy h`Q nw Aw sikAw[ drjnW JVpW ivc hzwrW is`KW dy mwry jwx nwl vI aunHW dI igxqI nw GtI Aqy aunHW dy AYkSn (hmly) nw ruky[ ienHW swrIAW ^brW nwl bwdSwh GbrwieAw rihMdw sI qy keI vwr qW ‘bMdw bMdw’ kih ky brVwauNdw vI huMdw sI[ Xwin bMdw isMG dw nw PiVAw jwxw aus vwsqy Azwb bxdw jw irhw sI qy auh bONdilAw iPrdw sI[ auh iek qrHW dw nIm pwZl ho cukw sI[ (lok kihMdy sn ik vzIr ^wn nUM bcwaux vwsqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb nwl DoKw krn dw iehI nqIjw hoxw sI)[

ienHIN idnIN hI bwdSwh nUM iSkwieq kIqI geI ik jogI, sMinAwsI, bYrwgI vZYrw lok lSkr dy duAwly GuMmdy rihMdy hn qy ies dIAW ^brW bMdw isMG qk phuMcwauNdy rihMdy hn[ bwdSwh ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik ienHW nUM Sihr ivcoN k`F id`qw jwvy qy lSkr dy nyVy Awaux vwilAW jogIAW, sMinAwsIAW, bYrwgIAW vZYrw nUM kql kr idqw jwvy[ (bwdSwh ny iehI hukm 28 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn vI jwrI kIqw sI)[

ienHW idnW ivc hI bhwdr Swh ny hukm jwrI kIqw hoieAw sI ik “ij`Qy ikqy koeI is`K l`By aus nUM kql kr idqw jwey[” aus ny ieh hukm vI jwrI kIqw ik swry ihMdU isr, mu`CW qy dwVHIAW muMnvw dyx qy jo ieh nhIN krngy is`K smJy jwxgy Aqy kql kr idqy jwxgy[ jnvrI dy dUjy h&qy bhwdr Swh dI qbIAq ^rwb hoxI SurU ho geI[ bwdSwh dy idl ivc is`KW dw fr burI qrHW smwA igAw[ auh eynw firAw hoieAw sI ik auh hr iek nwl Z`usy qy snkI qrIky nwl Aqy keI vwr nIm-pwglW vWg slUk krdw sI[ aus dw sB qoN pihlI pwZlW vwlI hrkq munwiem ^wn (ijs ƒ aus ny ^wn^wnw bhwdur, z&r jMg, v&wdwr, vzIir-AwlHw dy i^qwb idqy hoey sn) nMUM byiezq krnw sI[ 30 nvbMr 1710 ƒ jd bMdw isMG lohgVH ’coN bc ky inkl igAw qW bhwdr Swh ny aus ƒ “k`uqy” nwl qSbIh id`qI[ (ieh ^wn^wnw ies byie`zqI mgroN bImwr pY ky, 18 &rvrI 1711 dy idn, rwh ivc hI mr igAw sI)[

bhwdr Swh dw dUjw v`fw pwZlwnw hukm srhMd dy &Ojdwr ZwzI ^wn rusqim-jMg dy i^lw& sI[ 23 ApRYl 1711 ƒ bwdSwh ny ZwzI ^wn ƒ srhMd dw &Ojdwr bxw ky, is`KW dw ‘Kurw Koj imtwaux’ vwsqy, aunHW dw ip`Cw krn vwsqy toirAw hoieAw sI[ pr jd auh muhMmd AmIn ^wn nwl ivgV ipAw qy is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm C`f ky Gr Aw bYTw qW bwdSwh ny 22 Agsq nUM aus dw sB kuJ Koh ky, aus dy pYrW nUM byVIAW pw ky jylH ivc su`t id`qw sI[ bhwdr Swh ny AijhAW AjIb hrkqW keI hor vI kIqIAW sn[

hux bhwdr Swh byhd prySwn rihx lg ipAw qy CyqI hI auh bMdw isMG dy i^Awl qy is`K dy nW qoN vI frn lg ipAw[ jnvrI 1712 ivc aus dw idmwZ iblkul hI bONdl igAw qy aus ny pUry SudweIAW vwlIAW hrkqW SurU kr idqIAW[ 12 PrvrI 1712 ƒ aus ny iek AjIb hukm jwrI kr ky Sihr dy swry ku`qy mwrn vwsqy hdwieq idqI[ ies muihMm hyT hr roz sYNkVy ku`qy mwry gey qy bhuq swry ku`qy fr ky dirAw rwvI pwr kr ky B`j gey[ auh bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy is`KW qoN eynw firAw hoieAw sI ik auh aunHW ƒ s`g (k`uqy) ikhw krdw sI qy Swied ku`qy mwrn dy hukm nwl auh is`KW nUM mwrn dI g`l krnI cwhMudw sI[

Agly kuJ h&qy aus dI bImwrI vDdI geI[ 25 &rvrI nUM bhwdr Swh ny Aw^rI drbwr lwieAw[ Agly idn iq`lI dI soz nwl bwdSwh dI qbIAq bhuq izAwdw ^rwb ho geI qy bwdSwh ibsqr ’qy hI lMmw pY igAw[ iqMn hkIm hr vyly aus ’qy KVy rihMdy sn[ pr aunHW dy ielwj nwl vI bwdSwh dI ishq nUM koeI &rk nw ipAw Aqy 27-28 &rvrI 1712 dy ivckwrlI rwq nUM lwhOr ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI[

bhwdr Swh dI lwS nUM id`lI iljw ky d&n krn vwsqy qwbUq ivc pw ky r`K id`qw igAw[ pr mOlvI murwdu`lw, Abdul kwdr qy mih&Uz ^wn, ijnHW dI spurdgI ivc bwdSwh dI lwS sI, keI idn lwS id`lI nw Byj sky ikauN ik bwdSwh dy cOhW pu`qrW ivc q^q ’qy kbzy dI jMg SurU ho cukI sI[ ieM\ bwdSwh dI lwS keI idn lwhOr ivc hI ruldI rhI qy A^Ir 43 idn mgroN (12 AprYl 1712 dy idn), bwdSwh dI byvw (ivDvw) imhr prvr, muhMmd ^wn dI ih&wzq ivc, lwS nUM id`lI lY geI[ lwS 16 meI nUM id`lI pu`jI Aqy FweI mhIny rulx mgroN ieh lwS kuqb mInwr kol, b^iqAwr kwkI dy mzwr dy nyVy, AOrMgzyb dI bxweI msijd dy ivhVy ivc, d&nw id`qI geI[

bhwdr Swh dI mOq mgroN aus dy pu`qrW ’c ^UnI-jMg

bhwdr Swh dI mOq mgroN aus dy p`uqrW ivc bwdSwh bxn vwsqy BwrI jMg hoeI[ ies mOky

’qy is`KW dy i^lw& &OjW lY ky inkly swry jrnYl, sxy muhMmd AmIn ^wn ‘cYn bhwdr’, vI muihMm iv`cy C`f ky lwhOr muV Awey[ 3 mwrc 1712 dy idn jhWdwr Swh dy iqMny Brw do-t`uk &Yslw krn vwsqy mYdwin-jMg ivc Aw gey[ ies mOky ’qy kihrW dI jMg hoeI[ pihlW Abdus smd ^wn ny Sihzwdy AzIm-aus-Swn ƒ mwr mukwieAw qy aus dI lwS cukvw ky jhWdwr Swh dy pYrW ivc jw s`utI[ AzIm-ausSwn dI mOq mgroN iek vwr qW cu`p vrq geI[

do h&qy mgroN, 16-17 mwrc ƒ, bhwdr Swh dy dohW in`ky pu`qrW, r&Iau~Swn (r&I-aul-kwdr) qy jhwn Swh (^uijSqw A^qr) ny nvW lSkr BrqI kr ky jMg kIqw[ 17 mwrc ƒ jd sB qoN Cotw Sihzwdw jhwn Swh Awpxy p`uqr &rKMdw A^qr nwl Awpxy Kymy vl jw irhw sI qW Abdus sm`d ^wn ny qop nwl dovyN ipE-p`uqr PMuf su`ty[ pr Sihzwdw rPIau~Swn Ajy jMg dy mYdwn ivc fitAw bYTw sI[

Agly idn phu-PutidAW hI jhWdwrSwh dI &Oj ny v`fw h`lw kIqw[ r&Iau~Swn v`loN nvyN

BrqI kIqy ispwhI CyqI hI mYdwn ’coN B`j gey[ hux r&Iau~Swn hwQI qoN auqr ky Awp jMg ivc k`ud ipAw Aqy Awpxy do BrwvW vWg auh vI mwirAw igAw[ iqMnW SihzwidAW Aqy aunHW dy puqrW dIAW loQW iqMn idn rwvI dirAw dI qvI ’qy (qpdI ryq ivc) ruldIAW rhIAW[ A^Ir cOQy idn nvyN bwdSwh, jhWdwr Swh, ny ienHW SihzwidAW dIAW glIAW-sVIAW lwSW ƒ d&nwaux dw hukm idqw[

jhWdwr Swh v`loN mu^wl&W dw kqlyAwm

jhWdwr ny qwkq sMBwlx mgroN Awpxy ihmwieqIAW qy mddgwrW nUM eInwm Aqy Awpxy duSmxW qy mu^wl&W nUM szwvW dyxIAW SurU kIqIAW[ AmIr -aul-aumrw bhwdr, koklqwS ^wn bhwdr, Kvwjw hsn ^wn, S`kr-aulHw ^wn qy kuJ hor aumrw ny jhWdwr Swh dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI[ aus ny ienHW swirAW nUM eInwm Aqy Ahudy b^Sy[ ies mgroN aus dy duSmxW dI vwrI AweI[

aus ny 20 mwrc nUM, Awpxy Brw ^uijSqw A^qr dy ^ws swQIAW muhMmd rusqm (aur& Zzn&r ^wn aur& ZwzI ^wn, swbkw &Ojdwr srhMd) Aqy mu^ils ^wn (pu`qr ^wn ^wnw) nUM kql krn dw hukm id`qw[ iesy idn Swm vyly hmId-aud-dIn ^wn bhwdr AwlmgIrI, sr&rwz ^wn bhwdr (bihroz ^wn) qy aus dy pu`qr, sY&-aulHw-^wn, rihmwn Xwr ^wn, muS`r& ^wn (gurj brdwr) Aqy &kIr-aulHw-^wn nUM vI mOq dI szw id`qI geI[ ieh swry dy swry muZl srkwr dy sB qoN sInIAr A&sr sn[ ienHW qoN ielwvw hmId-aud-dIn ^wn bhwdr, mhwbq ^wn bhwdr ^wnw-ie-zmwnw (^wn ^wnw dw dUjw pu`qr), Aihqmwn ^wn qy aus dw pu`qr luq&-aulHw- ^wn (^uijSqw A^qr dw ifptI), rihmwn ^wn Xwr, Aqw-aulHw ^wn, &qih-aulHw ^wn, mohqm ^wn, rwey rweIAW, jnI ^wn, i&dvI ^wn, Abdul krIr ^wn, AkIdq ^wn (pu`qr AmIr ^wn), muhMmd AlI ^wn (jhWdwr ^wn dw b^SI) vZYrw 17 bMidAW nUM kYd kr id`qw igAw[ ienHW dIAW jwiedwdW vI zbq kr leIAW geIAW[ pr Agly idn hI nvyN bwdSwh ny luq&-aulHw-^wn, rwey rweIAW Aqy jnI ^wn nUM muAw& krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ 21 mwrc nUM bwdSwh ny mu^ils ^wn Aqy hkIm moieqmd-aul-mulk dy bMd bMd k`tx dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ jhWdr Swh 23 mwrc 1712 ƒ rsmI qOr ’qy q^q ’qy bYTw[

bMdw isMG dw lohgVH qy sFOrw muV prqxw

auDr bhwdr Swh dI mOq dI ^br imlidAW hI bMdw isMG irAwsI qoN pMjwb vl nUM cl ipAw sI[ ies dOrwn lwhOr dy sUbydwr ieslwm ^wn ny aus dw rwh f`kx dI koiSS kIqI pr nwkwm

irhw[ bMdw isMG mwrc 1712 dy SurU ivc lohgVH Aqy sFOrw ivc phuMc igAw sI[ aus kol 4-5 hzwr &Oj sI[^cxxxvii

jd bMdw isMG dy lohgVH pu`jx dI ^br is`KW nUM imlI qW aunHW ny lohgVH phuMcxw SurU kr id`qw[ sFOrw Aqy lohgVH dy ivckwr hI nhIN blik ies dy cwry pwsy is`K, ^ws kr ky vxjwry

vsdy sn[ auh swry bMdw isMG dI &Oj dw ih`sw bxn vwsqy lohgVH v`l cl pey[ jd ieh ^brW muhMmd AmIn ^wn qk pu`jIAW qW aus ny &Oj nUM sFOrw vl clx dw hukm dy id`qw[^cxxxviii

muZlIAw q^q dI jMg kwrn is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm iek vwr qW ruk geI[ muhMMmd AmIn

^wn, ijs ƒ is`KW ƒ ^qm krn dI kmWf idqI geI sI, bwdSwh dI mOq mgroN lwhOr muV AwieAw sI[ aus ny q^q ’qy kbzy dI jMg ivc ih`sw nhIN ilAw sI[ 21 mwrc dy idn aus ny drbwr ivc hwizr ho ky nvyN bwdSwh dI v&wdwrI dw iezhwr kIqw[ jhWdwr ^wn ny aus dw mnsb vDw ky s`q hzwr zwq qy s`q hzwr svwr kr idqw[ ies dy nwl hI aus nUM pMj hzwrI do-Aspw dw mnsb vI id`qw igAw (muZl hkUmq dw aus vyly qk ieh sB qoN v`fw mnsb sI)[ muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM ‘cYn muhMmd, muhMmd AmIn ^wn bhwdr, i&roz jMg’ dw i^qwb id`qw igAw[

29 mwrc 1712 dy idn nvyN bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh ny bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI kmwn hyT 9000 GoVsvwr ispwhI Byjx dI mnzUrI id`qI sI[ pr 5 ApRYl 1712 dy idn muhMmd AmIn ^wn jhWdwr Swh nUM iek`ilAW imilAw qy bwdSwh ny aus nUM bMdw isMG dy

i^lw& 10000 GoVsvwr &Oj dI AgvweI hyT jwx vwsqy SuB ie`CwvW id`qIAW[ 9 ApRYl 1712 dy idn muhMmd AmIn ^wn ny muAr& ^wn nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy tor id`qw[^cxxxix

23 AprYl 1712 dy idn muhMmd AmIn ^wn ny bwdSwh nUM d`isAw ik aus ny do hzwr &OjIAW nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy iqAwr kIqw hoieAw hY[ aus ny do hzwr GOVsvwr Aqy iqMn hzwr pYdl ispwhIAW dI mMg kIqI[ ies ’qy bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh ny nvyN ispwhI BrqI krn dI

iejwzq dy idqI[ ies ivc 15 sO GoVsvwr 25 rupY mhInw ’qy, Aqy 2 hzwr pYdl ispwhI 4 rupY mhInw qn^wh ’qy, BrqI kr ky aus dy nwl Byj id`qy jwx[^cxl

 

ienHIN idnIN jhWdwr Swh Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) vwsqy rvwnw ho cukw sI[ auh 7 meI ƒ sulqwnpur loDI ivc sI[ ie`QoN d`KxI srW (nkodr nyVy), nUrmihl, i&lOr, luiDAwxw, dorwhw qy

KyVw ivc pVwA krdw auh 20 meI ƒ srhMd phMuc igAw[

aus idn ielwky dy AmIr aus kol pyS hoey qy d`isAw ik bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dy smyN bMdw isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW ny swfy bhuq bMdy kql kr id`qy sn Aqy swfy ’qy bhuq zulm Fwhy sn[ bhuq swry lok qbwh ho cuky sn[ hux vI jd qusIN ie`QoN cly jwEgy qW auh ie`Qy Aw jwxgy Aqy AsIN mih&Uz hIN hovWgy[ jy swnUM ih&wzq nhIN dy skdy qW AsIN quhwfy nwl hI eyQoN cly jwvWgy[ bwdSwh ny aunHW nUM ih&wzq dyx dw vwAdw kIqw[

22 meI 1712 dy idn srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ny bwdSwh nUM d`isAw ik bMdw isMG AwpxI purwxI QW (lohgVH) ivc hI rih irhw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy srhMd dy &Ojdwr nUM 8000 nvyN GoVsvwr r`Kx dI mnzUrI id`qI[^cxli

29 meI 1712 dy idn bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh Qwnysr ivc sI[ ie`Qy vI ngr dy AmIrW ny aus nUM d`isAw ik jd bMdw isMG ny ies ngr ’qy hmlw kIqw sI qW ie`QoN dy kuJ Awvwrw lok aus nwl rl gey sn[ auh aunHW nUM hr qrHW dw swmwn muh`eIAw krvwauNdy sn[ aunHW ny muslmwnW nUM bhuq du`K id`qw sI[ aunHW ny bhuq swrIAW msijdW, mzwr qy hvylIAW Fwh id`qIAW sn[ auh Ajy vI ngr ivc hn[ bwdSwh ny aunHW nM igR&qwr krn vwsqy hukm id`qw[ aus dy hukm dI qwmIl kr ky 17 jxy igR&qwr kIqy gey[ bwdSwh ny hukm id`qw ik ijhVy muslwn bx jwx aunHW nUM iK`lq id`qI jwvy qy ijhVy nw bxn aunHW dy bMd-bMd k`t ky, aunHW dIAW lwSW dy tukVy ngr dy bwhr dI

mInr dy nyVy ltk id`qy jwx[ iesy idn bwdSwh ny AYlwn kIqw ik jmdwqu`l mulk AwpxIAW

&OjW CqI hI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy Byjygw[^cxlii

8 jUn 1712 dy idn bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh id`lI phuMc igAw Aqy 11 jUn dy idn lwl iklHw ivc dwi^l hoieAw qy q^q ’qy bYiTAw[ 12 jUn nUM bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG ny srhMd ivc Awpxw Qwxw kwiem kIqw hoieAw hY[ bwdSwh ny srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn nUM muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI &Oj dI dIvwnI (qn^whW dw ieMqzwm) vI sONp id`qI[ bwdSwh ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy qweInwq kIqw hoieAw sI[ ies

dy nwl hI bwdSwh ny zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn dy BqIjy AbU-aul-kwism nUM srhMd dw nwieb (ifptI) &Ojdwr Qwp id`qw[^cxliii

sFOrw dI dUjI lVweI

Agsq 1712 ivc bMdw isMG lohgVH ivc bYTw hoieAw sI[ jd muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM ieh pqw l`gw qW aus ny iek v`fI &Oj nwl lohgVH v`l kUc kr id`qw[ lohgVH phuMcx qoN pihlW aus nUM sFOrw Aqy lohgVH dy ivckwr bxy 50 qoN vD moricAW ’qy lVnw pYxw sI[

pihlI sqMbr 1712 dy idn bwdSwh jhWdwr ^wn ƒ muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI irprot p`ujI ijs

ivc disAw igAw sI ik bhuq swry is`K Agsq 1712 dy SurU ivc phwVW qoN auqr ky sFOrw dy iklyH ivc Aw gey sn qy aunHW ny sFOry ivc p`kI gVHI bxw leI hoeI sI[^cxliv muZl POjW ny vI

ies iklHy dy bwhr iek k`cI gVHI bxw ky morcy pu`t ley sn[ bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K hr roz gVHI ivcoN inkldy sn qy muZl &OjI aunHW ’qy hmlw krdy sn[ ieM\ roz lVweI hMudI sI[ bwdSwh nUM ieh vI d`isAw igAw sI ik 17 Agsq ƒ bMdw isMG phwVW ’coN auqr ky sFOry vl

AwieAw qy dohW iDrW ivc zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc, igxqI Gt hox kwrn, muZlW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI[^cxlv

muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI Arz ’qy 8 sqMbr ƒ bwdSwh ny aus vl do qopW rvwnw krn dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ bwdSwh ny droZw-ie-qop^wnw nUM hukm id`qw ik auh do qopW Byj dyvy[(A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 8 sqMbr 1712)[

pr, Cy mhIny dy Gyry mgroN vI sFOrw muZlW dy kbzy ivc nw Aw sikAw[ A^Ir jd iklHy dy AMdr dwxw-pwxI mu`k igAw qW bMdw isMG iek rwq nUM Gyrw qoV ky au~QoN inkl igAw[

sqMbr dy A^Ir ivc kuJ is“K sFOrw qoN nwhn cly gey[ ie`QoN dy rwjy ny, muZlq bwdSwh nUM v&wdwrI dy vwAdy ’qy Aml vjoN &Iroz jMg ^wn ƒ is`KW dy iTkwixAW bwry ieqlwh ByjI[ ies dy nwl hI nwhn dI &Oj ny is`KW ’qy hmlw vI kr id`qw[ is`KW dI ies tolI nUM nwhn dy rwjy dI ZdwrI dw pqw nhIN sI ijs kr ky auh bhuq hYrwn hoey[ ^Yr, is`KW ny vI nwhn dIAW &OjW dw

^Ub twkrw kIqw, ijs nwl dohW iDrW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw[ auDroN &Iroz jMg ^wn vI phuMc igAw, pr aus dy Awaux qoN pihlW is`K A`gy inkl cuky sn[^cxlvi

AkqUbr dy SurU ivc is`KW ny bnUV nyVy C~q prgxy ivc hmlw kr ky kwzI Aqy muqs`dI kql kr idqy[ srhMd dy &Ojdwr dw ifptI jwn bcw ky dOV igAw[ &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn

Aihmd ^wn vI is`KW dy i^lw& koeI AYkSn nw lY sikAw[ bhwdr Swh ƒ mirAW A`T mhIny ho

cuky sn qy ies smyN dOrwn is`KW ny lohgVH, sFOrw qy srhMd dy duAwly iPr Awpxw bolbwlw kwiem kr ilAw sI[^cxlvii

bhwdr Swh ƒ mirAW A`T mhIny ho cuky sn qy nvyN bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh dy Aihd dOrwn is`KW ny lohgVH, sFOrw qy srhMd dy Awly-duAwly dy swry ielwky ivc iPr Awpxw bolbwlw kwiem kr ilAw sI[

jhWdwr ^wn dw kql qy &r`^sIAr dw bwdSwh bxnw

27 mwrc 1712 dy idn ptnw ivc jhWdwr Swh dy BqIjy &r`^sIAr (puqr AzImauSwn) ny ^ud dy bwdSwh hox dw AYlwn kr idqw[ ies mOky ’qy husYn AlI ^wn ibhwr sUby dw nwieb sUbydwr sI[ &r`^sIAr v`loN bwdSwhq dw AYlwx krn vyly husYn AlI ^wn ptnw ivc nhIN sI[ ies smyN &r`^sIAr dI mW husYn AlI ^wn dI mW kol geI qy aus nUM ikhw ik auh Awpxy pu`qr nUM &r`^sIAr dI mdd krn vwsqy AwKy[ aus ny ikhw ik husYn AlI qy aus dy Brw Abdu`lw ^wn (kuqb-aul-mulk) nUM srkwrI Ahudy &r`^sIAr dy bwp ny hI idvwey sn ies kr ky aunHW nUM vI

swfI mdd krnI cwhIdI hY[ pihlW qW husYn AlI ^wn dI mW ny koeI vwAdw nw kIqw pr jd aus ny roxw-ip`txw qy imMnqW krnIAW SurU kIqIAW qW auh mMn geI[^cxlviii

kuJ idnW bwAd husYn AlI vI ptnw phuMc igAw[ hux &r`^sIAr AwpxI mW nUM lY ky aus kol pu`jw qy kihx l`gw ik jw qW mYnUM igR&qwr kr ky bwdSwh kol Byj idE jW bwdSwhq idvwE[

mYN hkUmq dI Asl vwgfor quhwnUM sONp idAWgw[ aus ny do v`fy Ahudy: &Oj dw muKI Aqy b^SI dohW BrwvW nUM dyxy mMn ley[<sup>cxlix</sup> pihlW husYn AlI qy iPr aus dw Brw Abdu`lw (jo Alwhwbwd

sUby dw nwieb sUbydwr sI) vI &r`^sIAr nwl iml igAw (ikauN ik jhWdwr Swh aus dI v&wdwrI ’qy S`k krdw sI)[ nvMbr ivc &r`^sIAr &Oj lY ky id`lI vl cl ipAw[ 17 nvMbr 1712 dy idn auh Awgrw nyVy SwmUgVH dy mYdwn ivc puj cukw sI[ ie`Qy jhWdr Swh dy keI jrnYl bhwny nwl id`lI ’coN iKsk ky &r`^sIAr nwl Aw imly[ pihly h`ly ivc hI koklqwS ^wn mwirAw igAw qy ‘rusqim ihMd’ z^mI ho igAw[ Swm vyly jhWdwr ^wn Awp vI n`s igAw qy isr& zul&kwr ^wn hI mYdwn ivc fitAw irhw[ A^Ir auh vI mukwblw nw kr sikAw qy id`lI ƒ B`j tuirAw[auDr &r`^sIAr 11 jnvrI 1713 ƒ id`lI puj igAw[ Asd ^wn ny &r`^sIAr nUM bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh dy lukx dI QW bwry ds idqw[ &r^sIAr ny sY& ^wn ƒ jhWdwr Swh qy zul&dwr ^wn dy isr v`F ky ilAwaux vwsqy ikhw[ ieM\ 31 jnvrI 1713 ƒ iek hor bwdSwh mwirAw igAw Aqy iek nvW bwdSwh &r`^sIAr id`lI dy q^q ’qy kwbz ho igAw[ &r`^sIAr jhWdwr Swh ’qy eynw ^&w sI ik aus ny mgroN 20 jUn nUM ieh hukm vI jwrI kIqw sI ik

“jhWdwr dI hkUmq dw smW ilKqW ’coN mys ky, hzrq bwdSwh (&r`^sIAr) dw rwj-vrHw, aus dy ptny ivc g`dI ’qy bYTx dy idn 29 s&r 1124, Xwin 27 mwrc 1712 qoN igixAw jwvy[”

&r`^sIAr v`loN Awpxy ipE dy kwql Abdus smd ^wn nUM muAw&I dy ky is`KW ip`Cy Byjxw

Abdus smd ^wn bwdSwh jhWdwr ^wn dw v&wdwr sI[ bhwdr Swh dI mOq mgroN, 3 mwrc

1712 dy idn hoeI lVweI ivc AzImun Swh (&r`^sIAr dy bwp) ƒ jMg ivc mwrn dI muihMm dw auhI muKI sI[ jhWdwr ^wn ny aus ƒ ies bdly “bhwdr” dw i^qwb vI idqw sI Aqy Cy hzwrI mnsb vI idqw sI[ ies ihswb nwl auh &r`^sIAr dy pihly drjy dy duSmxW ivc AwauNdw sI[ 26 jnvrI 1713 dy idn muhMmd AmIn ^wn bhwdr bwdSwh kol AwieAw Aqy aus XkIn qy ikhw ik Abdus smd ^wn (jo muhMmd AmIn ^wn dw kuVm sI) Awpxy gunwhW dI muAw&I mMgxw cwhMudw hY[ aus ny XkIn idvwieAw ik Abdus smd ^wn bwdSwh dw Zulwm bx ky rhygw[ bwdSwh ny aus ƒ XkIn idvwieAw ik auh Abdus smd ^wn ƒ muAw& kr dyvygw[ aus ny Abdus smd ^wn ƒ Agly idn iek`ilAW imlx vwsqy ikhw[ hukm pu`jx ‘qy 27 jnvrI nUM Abdus smd

^wn bwdSwh &r`^sIAr A`gy pyS hoieAw Aqy Awpxy jurmW dI muAw&I mMgI[ bwdSwh ny aus dI muAw&I kbUl kr leI Aqy iK`lq vI ByNt kIqI[^cl

11 &rvrI 1713 dy idn &r`^sIAr ny Abdus smd ^wn nUM jMmU dw &Ojdwr lw idqw Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& s^q AYkSn krn vwsqy hdwieq idqI[ 12 &rvrI dy idn aus nUM doAwbw dw

&Ojdwr vI bxw id`qw[ 14 &rvrI ƒ aus ƒ lwhOr dI sUbydwrI ’qy vI bhwl kr idqw igAw qy

Srq r`KI ik auh bMdw isMG qoN sFOrw qy lohgVH iklHy Koh lvy[ Abdus smd ^wn hux is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc iTlH ipAw[ mgroN 21 mwrc dy idn &r`^sIAr ny aus nUM ^q ilK ky srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd nwl rl ky bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm au~qy c`lx vwsqy ikhw[^cli

ienHW idnW ivc &r`^sIAr ny Awpxy v&wdwrW nUM sUbydwrIAW Aqy &OjdwrIAW vMfIAW[ aus ny lwhOr dy sUbydwr ienwiequ`lw dI QW AmIr-aul-aumrw AlI mrdwn ^wn (Swh jhwnI) dy poqry zbrdsq ^wn nUM lwhOr dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw (pr auh ivcwrw kuJ idn mgroN hI, meI dy qIjy h&qy ivc, mr igAw)[ 26 &rvrI nUM ierwdqmMd nUM eymnwbwd dw sUbydwr, 2 mwrc nUM sY&-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn nUM gujrwq dw &Ojdwr, qy iesy idn swdwq ^wn nUM kSmIr dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw igAw[ swdwq ^wn nUM qW Cy hzwrI-pMj hzwr dw mnsb vI id`qw igAw[

2 mwrc nUM hI &r`^sIAr v`loN rwjw AjIq isMh (joDpur) qy jY isMh svweI (jYpur-AMbyr) nUM pMj-hzwrI, pMj hzwr svwr dw mnsb b^Sy jwx dI ^uS^brI ByjI geI[^clii

10 mwrc 1713 dy idn &r`^sIAr nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K cklw srhMd dy bhuq swry prgixAW Aqy ipMfW ivc lu`t-mwr krdy hn[zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd Kwn &Ojdwr srhMd is`KW dw

kuJ vI nhIN ivgwV sikAw[ aultw &Ojdwr srhMd dy ispwhI lokW dw dwxw Aqy fMgr jbrI Koh ky lY jWdy sn[ ies kr ky srhMd dy lok au~QoN Bj rhy hn[^cliii

&r`^sIAr nUM d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG ny phwVW dIAW kuMdrW (ijhVIAW ihMdusqwn dy ielwikAW qy hkUmq qoN bwhr sn) ivcoN inkl ky lohgVH nUM muV mzbUq kr ilAw hY Aqy aus ielwky dIAW bsqIAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw hY[ aus dy lSkr vwly rwq nUM jw ky vIh qoN qIhW kohW

(60 qoN 90 iklomItr) qk lu`t-mwr krdy hn Aqy muslmwnW dy i&rk dw jo vI S^s aunHW nUM imldw hY kql kr dyNdy hn[ muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY<sup>cliv</sup> ik ies AxoKI Gtnw dy Gtn nwl bwdSwh dy idl ivc fr bYT igAw qy eynw vihm ho igAw ik iliKAw nhIN jw skdw[ ies mOky ’qy kuqb-aul-mulk sXd hsn AlI Abduwlw ^wn, AmIr-aul-aumrw sXd husYn AlI ^wn, hwmId ^wn, smswm-aud-dOlw qy hor v`fy srdwr hwzr sn[ ies ’qy &r`^sIAr ny lwhOr dy sUbydwr Abdus smd ^wn nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy Byjx dw &slw kIqw[ 21 mwrc 1713 dy idn &r`^sIAr ny AmIr-aul-aumrw sXd husYn AlI ^wn rwhIN Abdus smd ^wn nUM ^q ilKvwieAw ik auh srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn nwl rl ky bMdw isMG ’qy hmlw kry[^clv

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk^clvi  bwdSwh ny Awpxy hukm ivc ieh ilKvwieAw sI ik

“mhwn hkUmq dy mddgwr, v`fI slqnq dy ^ws S^s, v`fy srdwrW dy srdwr, mhwn reIsW dy kOmI srdwr, mukMml dwny S^s qy psMdIdw surq vwlw Absud smd ^wn, bwdSwhI rihmqW dw BwgI bx ky jwn lvy ik auh SwhI hukm pu`jx swr iF`l-m`T nw krdw hoieAw kihr dy mwirAW

 

nUM* (*is`KW nUM lohgVH qoN) bwhr k`Fx vwsqy clw jwvy ienwm ^wn bhwdr dI AgvweI hyT &qhmMd &OjW, ijnHW ivc s`q hzwr muZl svwr qy ds srdwr, ijnHW dw nwmvr vyrvw sUcI ivc zwhr kIqw igAw hY, Swiml hn, hkUmq dy aus kwbly-ieqbwr S^s* (*Abdus smd ^wn) dI &OjI mdd vjoN rvwnw kr id`qIAW hn[ hkUmq ’qy kurbwn hox vwsqy zrUrI g`l ieh hY ik auh iek dUjy dI nyk slwh nwl kMm kry, ^brdwrI Aqy sucyqqw nUM h`QoN nw jwx dyvy[ iek`ly-iek`l, Coty-v`fy dw ilhwz ieM\ kry ik iksy nUM koeI iSkwieq nw hovy[ aus jmwq* (*&Oj) dI qn^wh srhMd dy ^zwny izMmy muk`rr kIqI geI hY[ ies sbMDI vI qs`lI r`K ky auprokq muihMm nUM nypry cwVHn vwsqy pUrI koiSS kry[ auh jwx lvy ik muihMm dy pUrw hox ’qy aus dw pUrw siqkwr hovygw Aqy SwhI b^iSSW dw vDyry h`kdwr hovygw[”

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk AmIr-aul-aumrw sXd husYn AlI ^wn nUM vI hukm hoieAw ik auh swrIAW SwhI &OjW ivcoN bhwdur qy Swno-SOkq vwly ienwm ^wn nUM &qhmMd &OjW smyq Abdus smd ^wn dI &OjI mdd vwsqy rvwnw kry[ aus nwl jwx vwsqy nwmzd kIqy 13 jrnYl hyT ilKy sn: ^uSiksmq jwnS ^wn, dOlq byZ ^wn hzwrw, ierwdq ^wn, Arb AlI

^wn, mIr husYnI ^wn, s`Xd jvwd ^wn bu^wrI, imrzw muhMmd S&IA brlws, nwzr ^wn ^ySgI, vlIdwd ^wn Syrjwd, Syr ^wn, imrzw byg qurk, mIr musq&w qy zhUr aulw ^wn[^clvii

bMdw isMG dw nwhn ’qy hmlw

mwrc 1713 ivc bMdw isMG sFOrw ivc sI[ ienHIN idnIN aus ƒ pqw lgw ik nwhn dw rwjw muZlW nwl sOdybwzI kr ky irhw hoieAw sI qy iesy kr ky aus (rwjw nwhn) ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm vI SurU kr idqI hoeI sI[ nwhn dy rwjy nUM soDx vwsqy bMdw isMG ny 5-6 hzwr is`KW ƒ

nwl lY ky dwbr (lohgVH) qoN nwhn vl kUc kr idqw[ jd nwhn dy rwjy ƒ ies dI ^br imlI qW auh Sihr qoN dOV igAw qy bMdw isMG ny au~Qy fyrw lw ilAw[^clviii bwdSwh nUM 2 ApRYl 1713 dy idn

d`isAw igAw ik aunHW nUM nwhn ivc Kwx dw swmwn dI muSikl AweI sI[ A^Ir, au~QoN dy AmIrW-vzIrW ny coKI rkm dy ky bMdw isMG qoN muAw&I mMgI qy bMdw isMG qy aus dw swQI vwips lohgVH cly gey[

Abdus smd ^wn dw sFOrw ’qy hmlw

nwhn qoN lohgVH vwips muVn qoN iek h&qw mgroN bMdw isMG ny iek hzwr &OjI sFOryy Byj idqy[ is`KW ny lohgVH dy nwl-nwl sFOrw dw iklHw vI mzbUq kr ilAw[ hux aunHw ny sFOrw hI nhIN swry srhMd dy swry prgixAW ivc Awpxw hukm clwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ ies dOrwn zYn-

aud-dIn Aihmd Kwn &Ojdwr srhMd ny ielwky ƒ is`KW qoN mih&Uz rKx dI bVI koiSS kIqI pr is`KW dI qwkq A~gy auh itk nw sikAw qy auh aunHW dw kuJ vI nw ivgwV sikAw sI[^clix

sFOrw nUM Gyrw pwaux vwlI muZl &Oj dI igxqI keI hzwrW ivc sI[ ApRYl 1713 ivc hI

Gto-Gt 7000 muZl GoVsvwr sFOrw phuMc cuky sn qy aunHW dy jrnYlW mqwibk is`KW dw tkrw krn vwsqy eyny muZl &OjI kw&I nhIN sn qy hor mMgvwey jw rhy sn[^clx

22 jUn nUM Abdus smd ^wn, zYn-aud-dIn ^wn Aqy eInwm ^wn, iqMnW ny iml ky v`fI &Oj

lY ky sFOry dw iklHw Gyr ilAw[ aunHW ny iklyH dy duAwly KweIAW pu`t leIAW Aqy morcy pu`t ley[^clxi

sFOrw ngr dw izkr kridAW muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik sFOrw dIAW eImwrqW p`kIAW ie`tW dIAW bxIAW hoeIAW qy bySumwr sn[ bMdw isMG ny ies ksby dy AwlyduAwly dy swry ielwky nUM Fih-FyrI kr C`ifAw sI[ aus dy swry mzbUq P`ty Aqy l`kVW (jo Fhy GrW ivcoN inkldy sn) gVHI dIAW nIhW ivc Br id`qy[ ies qrHW aus ny gVHI nUM mzbUqI b^S id`qI sI[

aus dw i^Awl sI ik qop Aqy rihkilAW dy goly nukswn nhIN phuMcw skxgy Aqy kMDW nUM pwV vI nhIN lg skygw[^clxii

 

22 jUn dy idn, Xwin pihly idn hI, is`KW ny Acwnk hmlw kr id`qw[ ies lVweI ivc ienwm ^wn Aqy aus dw Brw bkw byZ ^wn vI z^mI hoey jW mwry gey sn[^clxiii muhMmd kwism

AOrMgwbwdI dsdw hY ik rwq vyly is`KW ny Pyr hmlw kIqw Aqy ^Ub lVweI hoeI[ ijs ivc 152 is`K mwry gey[^clxiv muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI iek hor lVweI dw izkr krdw hY ijs dI q&sIl

ies auprlI lVweI nwl imldI hY[ aus muqwibk iek lVweI 2 GVIAW (qkrIbn 50 imMt) hoeI

sI[ ies ivc kdy muZl hwvI ho jWdy sn qy kdy is`K[ ies lVweI ivc dohW iDrW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI[^clxv

ienHW dohW muslmwn soimAW ny mwry gey muZl &OjIAW dI igxqI nhIN d`sI, pr B`t vhIAW muqwibk auh hzwrW dI igxqI ivc mwry gey sn[ B`t vhIAW muqwibk ShId hox vwly

is`KW ivc BweI mnI isMG dy iqMny poqy: BweI Albyl isMG qy mohr isMG (dovyN puqr BweI audY isMG) Aqy sYxw isMG (puqr BweI icqr isMG) vI Swiml sn[^clxvi

sFOry ’qy iek idn dy hmly dw izkr krdw muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik “lSkr dy bhwdurW ny, aus gVHI dI mzbUqI nUM A`Ko-proKy kr ky hmlw kr id`qw[ aunHW (is`KW) ny Acwnk hI mnhUs gVHI ivcooN inkl ky 25 jrIb (Xwin 500 mItr) bwhr inkl ky, aus &qhmMd lSkr dy jrnYl nwl mukwblw kIqw[ koeI iek pihr (3 GMty) qk lVweI BKI rhI[ &qhmMd lSkr dy bhwdr rusqm vW| lV rhy sn[ so rx-Kyqr ivc aunHW swry mrdUdW ivcoN 691 AwdmI jhMnum ivc cly gey[ kql qoN bcy bMdy gVHI, ijs nUM t`tI-^wny ikhw jw skdw hY, ivc jw vVy[ &qhmMd lSkr ivcoN jwnS ^wn dw Brw mIr bzurg bhwdrI nwl lVdw hoieAw 25 mnsbdwrW smyq ShId ho igAw[ imrzw Abdu`lw b^SI, jo ienwm ^wn dy sbMDIAW ivcoN sI, vI 16 AwdmIAW sxy ShId ho igAw[ aus groh dy hor bhuq swry AwdmI bhwdurI dw iezhwr krdy hoey jwn-lyvw z^mW sihq ShId ho gey Aqy bhuqy Shwdq dw jwm pI gey[ au~cy ruqby vwlw s`Xd hwsm ^wn,

ijhVw Abdus smd ^wn dw kwbly-ieqbwr swQI sI, &qhmMd lSkr dI ingrwnI vwsqy A`gy ho ky lVn igAw sI, vI ShId ho igAw[”^clxvii

15 julweI	ƒ muZl	&OjW ny Awpxy morcy	iklHy dy nyVy lY AWdy[ 17 julweI nUM bwdswh nUM
d`isAw igAw ik muZl &OjW ny fMifAW vwlIAW			700 pOVIAW bxweIAW Aqy iklyH dI kMD t`px dw
plwn bxwieAw	sI, pr,	kwmXwb nw ho sky sn[ iklHy ’qy kbzw krn vwsqy aunHW ƒ A`T h&qy

aufIk krnI peI sI[

31 julweI 1713 dy idn bhuq bwirS peI[ swrw idn qy rwq nUM vI mINh pYNdw irhw[ rwq vyly kuJ is`K iklHy ivcoN inkly Aqy bwhr peI muZlW dI iek qop nUM r`sy pw ky iklHy ivc iljwaux dI koiSS kIqI, pr auh kwmXwb nw ho sky ikauN ik iK`c ky iljWidAW auh KweI ivc if`g peI ijs nwl bVI zor dI Awvwz AweI[ ies mgroN is`K iklHy v`l B`j gey[ mgroN muZl jrnYlW ny jvwnW nUM coKY pYsy dy ky ieh qop bwhr kFvweI Aqy bhuq hI muSikl nwl dobwrw itkwxy ’qy

ilAWdI[ pr jyT m`l muqwibk is`KW ny ies	nUM muZl	ispwhIAW dy auqy	su`t ky aunHW	dy  8	jvwn
mwr id`qy sn[ muZlW ny bVI muSikl nwl dobwrw aus qop nUM itkwxy ’qy ilAw r`iKAw[clxviii
muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik	koeI idn	Aijhw nhIN sI	ik is`K gVHI	ivcoN	inkl

ky hryk pwisAW dy moricAW ’qy tut ky nhIN sI pYNdy qy qlvwrW nwl jMg krdy sn[ iek idn

A`DI rwq vyly aunHW ny gVHI ivcoN inkly Acwnk Abdus smd ^wn dy moricAW ’qy Dwvw bol id`qw Aqy Zzb dI qrQ`lI mcw id`qI[ dohW iDrW dIAW qopW, rihkilAW, rwktW qy goilAW dIAW AwvwzW ibjlI dI kVk vW| gVHkx lgIAW[ is`K ^Ub qlvwrW vwh rhy sI[ pihlW qW muZl &OjI kuJ kdr hwr gey sn[ pr, s`Xd hwSm ^wn Aqy mIr bwbw ^wn Awpxy pu`qrW, BweIAW

Aqy swQIAW sxy au~Qy pu`j gey Aqy bVI bhwdrI nwl lVweI kIqI[ iek GVI qk prlo Aw geI[ ies lVweI ivc 200 qoN vD is`K mwry gey qy bwkI dy gVHI v`l B`j gey[^clxix

muZl &OjW ny sFOrw dw iklHw iqMn pwisAW qoN pUrI qrHW GyirAw hoieAw sI[ ies dw iek pwsw KulHw sI, ijDroN is`K qIrW qy kmwnW nw inkldy sn Aqy Awpxy GoVy, m`JW qy bldW nUM Gwh Awid crwauNdy sn[ ies qoN ielwvw auh Gwh vZYrw nUM k`t ky iklHy dy AMdr vI lY jWdy sn[ muZl

&OjI aunHW nUM vyK ky A`KW dUjy pwsy BuAw lYNdy sn[ muZl &OjIAW kol eynw hOslw nhIN sI ik auh

GoVy dOVw ky is`KW nUM cYlMj kr skx[ dUjy pwsy is`K hmySw muZlW nUM vMgwrdy sn qy aunHW ’qy hmly krdy sn[ ieM\ hr roz 5-7 muZl &OjI mwry jWdyy sn[ Agsq dy SurU ivc eIsy ^wn dI kmwn hyT nvIN &Oj AweI qy ies mgroN aus cOQy pwsy ’qy vI 500 GoVsvwr Aqy 200 bMdUkcI aus pwsy

lw id`qy gey sn[ auh iklHy dy bhuq nzdIk qweInwq kiqy gey sn[ ies nwl is`KW dw ieh rsqw bMd ho igAw[ hux cwry pwsy muZl GoVsvwr gSq krn lgpey sn[^clxx

ies mgroN iek rwq auh gVHI ivc sMnH lw ky jMgl v`l (Xwin lohgVH) v`l cly gey[ ies mgroN muZl &OjW dw iklHy ’qy kbzw ho igAw[

sFOrw dy iklHy ivc kul 1000 is`K sn[ ienHW ivcoN 691 iek idn mwry gey sn, 152 iek

hor idn mwry gey sn qy qIjI lVweI ivc 200 hor mwry gey sn[ muhMmd kwism muqwibk 1043 is`K qW ienHW iqMn mOikAW ’qy hI mwry gey sn[<sup>clxxi</sup> 31 julweI 1713 dy idn jd bhuq bwirS pY rhI sI qW 500 pYdl qy 500 GoVsvwr is`K ikLHy ivc Aw gey sn[^clxxii ies mgroN vI lVweIAW

huMdIAW rhIAW sn[ aunHw ivc vI kw&I is`K mwry gey hoxgy[ jy ieh AMkVy shI hn qW sFOrw dy iklHy ivc pihlW dy Aqy 31 julweI dy iklw ky kul 2000 dy krIb is`K sn ijnHW ivcoN msW do-

iqMn sOo hI bcy hoxgy, jo iek rwq iklHy dI iek kMF pwV ky lohgVH jwx ivc kwmXwb ho sky

_hoxgy[clxxiii

sFOrw dy iklHy      ’qy kbzw krn mgroN Abdus smd ^wn ny ies iklHy nUM Fuhwauxw SurU kr

id`qw qW jo is`KW dw ieh if&YNs sdw vwsqy ^qm ho jwvy[ 24 sqMbr 1713 nUM bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik sFOry dw iklHw qbwh kr id`qw igAw hY[^clxxiv ies mOky ’qy mwry gey 6 sO is`KW dy isr

ktvw ky ^wn ny bwdSwh ƒ jw pyS kIqy[ 27 sqMbr ƒ bwdSwh ny Abdus smd ^wn dI ^Ub qwrI& kIqI qy aus ƒ ^ws iK`lq ByNt kIqI[

muhMmd kwism muqwibk sFOrw* dy iklHy nUM swFy s`q mhIny qk Gyrw ipAw irhw[ pr ieh shI nhIN[ ieh Gyrw 22 jUn nUM ipAw sI Aqy qkrIbn iqMn mhIny ivc hI ies ’qy muZl &OjW dw

kbzw ho cukw sI[ auh ilKdw hY ik bMdw isMG ny ies dw nW ‘AjwiebgVH’ r`iKAw hoieAw

_sI[clxxv

lohgVH iklyH qy SwhI &Oj dw qIjw hmlw

bMdw isMG nUM pqw sI ik muZl &OjW ny sFOrw qy kbzw kr ilAw hY Aqy hux aunHW ny lohgVH

’qy hmlw krnw hI hY ies kr ky aus ny hiQAwrW qoN isvw pey bwkI swry swmwn, ijs dI lVweI

ivc vrqoN nhIN hoxI sI, nUM au~QoN pwaUNtw swihb (lohgVH qoN 12 koh dUr, Xwin 25 iklomItr dUr) Byj id`qw hoieAw sI[^clxxvi

sFOrw ij`qx mgroN Abdus smd ^wn lohgVH ’qy hmlw krnw cwhuMdw sI[ pr aus dy swQIAW ny ies nUM ij`qx ivc nwaumIdI idKweI ikauN ik auh Agsq 1713 ivc ies iklHy vl vDx vwlIAW muZl &Oj dIAW tolIAW dw hSr jwx cuky sn[ ies kr ky ^wn ny lohgVH ’qy hmlw

krn dw &Yslw mulqvI kr id`qw[ ies iF`l ny bMdw isMG nUM iklHy nUM mzbUq krn dw mOkw dy id`qw[ aus ny dIvwrW hor mzbUq kr leIAW, burj Aqy morcy bxw ley[^clxxvii

21 Agsq 1713 dy idn muZl &OjW dI iek AgwaUN tolI (AYfvWs gru`p) lohgVH dy phwVW vl vDI sI[ ieh &OjI bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW dI mwr hyT Aw gey sn[ aunHW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI[ Gto-Gt 40 muZl &OjI mwr gey sn, 20 z^mI hoey sn qy 35 is`KW dy kbzy ivc Aw gey sn[ ijhVy bc gey sn auh swrw kuJ au~Qy hI C`f ky AwpxI jwx bcwaux vwsqy dOV gey sn[ muZlW dy 100 GoVy, 30 aUT, 40 m`JW, 200 dUjy jwnvr vI bMdw isMG dy swQIAW dy h`Q l`gy sn[ ienNHw idnW ivc hI muZl &OjW dy iek jrnYl mohkm isMh dI mOq dI ^br ny muZlW ivc byidlI &Ylw id`qI[ ies nwl bMdw isMG dy swQIAW dy hOsly vD gey Aqy auh hor dlyrI nwl A`gy vDx lg pey[ ieM\ hI 29 Agsq 1713 dy idn 200 muZl ispwhI gSq kr rhy sn[ jd aunHW ny is`K AwauNdy vyKy qW auh dOV gey, pr aunHW dw muKI jmWdwr bloc ^wn lVdw mwirAw igAw[

cwr hor muKI vI mwry gey sn[ is`K ienHW dy isr v`F ky lY gey[ ieh ^brW muZlW nUM lohgVH ’qy iek dm hmlw krn qoN rokx dw kwrn bxIAW sn[

12 AkqUbr 1713 ƒ &r`^sIAr bwdSwh ƒ vI d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG fwbr (lohgVH)

ivc  bYTw  hY[  aus  ny  iklyH  dI  murMmq  krvw  leI  hY  Aqy  auh  jMg  vwsqy  iqAwrI  kr  irhw

_hY[clxxviii

&r`^sIArnwmw Aqy kwmvr ^wn dy qzikrwqul slwqIn-ie-cg`qw dw hvwlw dyNdw hoieAw iervn ilKdw hY ik bMdw isMG ny lohgVH iklHy nUM kmwl dy qrIky nwl mzbUq kIqw hoieAw sI[

aus ny duSmx dI &Oj nUM lohgVH iklHy dy isKr qk phuMcx vwsqy rwh ivc 52 moricAW ’qy lVnw pYxw sI[^clxxix Xwin swry 52 ipMfW ivc hI iklHw rUpI morcwbdI kIqI hoeI sI qy hr QW qopW

r`KIAW hoeIAW sn[ ieh swrIAW sur`iKAw cONkIAW ies dUjy nUM ih&wzq dyNdIAW sn[ iklHy v`l jwx vwly nUM ienHW cONkIAW dI &wieirMg dw swhmxw krnw pYxw sI, Xwin lohgVH ’qy kbzw krn qoN pihlW 52 lVweIAW lVnIAW pYxIAW sn[

kuJ idn rukx mgroN, AkqUbr dy Aw^rI idnW ivc Abdus smd ^wn ny lohgVH v`l kUc kr id`qw[ aus ny ieh pYNfw 14 idnW ivc qYA kIqw[ pr aunHW ny iklHy ’qy hmlw nhIN kIqw[

eyny icr ivc zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), eInwm ^wn qy zkrIAw ^wn (puqr Abdus smd ^wn sUbydwr lwhOr) vI Aw rly[ ienHW ny rl ky 13 nvMbr 1713 dy idn qopW nwl iklyH ’qy hmlw SurU kr idqw[ ies lVweI ivc Abdus smd ^wn dw b^SI hwjI kmwl qy

hor bhuq swry muZl &OjI mwry gey qy srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Ahmd ^wn dw BqIjw AbU-aul-muk`rm, &qh ^wn qy hor bhuq swry sInIAr A&sr qy jrnYl burI qrHW z^mI hoey[^clxxx

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ies hmly dw izkr ieM\ krdw hY {jwpdw hY ik aus dI ilKq dy do s&y A`gV-ipCV ho gey sn jW &wrsI qoN qrjmw krn vwly koloN ho gey hox ikauN ik aus ivc sFOrw Aqy lohgVH dIAW lVweIAW dw hwl rl-g`f hoieAw nzr AwauNdw hY[ mYN ies nUM vKrw kr ky qy qrqIb bxw ky, pr ibnw iksy qbdIlI dy, pyS kIqw hY}:

“so kuJ idnW bwAd mnhUs dy mkwn ’qy (Xwin iklHw lohgVH dy bwhr) pu`j ky bhuq jMg hox mgroN pUrI mzbUqI nwl morcwbMdI kr leI[ cwr idnW qk bMdUkW Aqy rwktW nwl jMg huMdI rhI[ &qihmMd lSkr dy Aksr bhwdur jwn-lyvw mYdwn-ie-jMg ivc ShId ho gey[ ikauN ik kihr dy mwry hoey dw iklHw bhuq aucweI ’qy sI Aqy aus dy Awly-duAwly dr^qW dy JuMf qy p`Qr hI sn qy fUMGIAW kMdrW sn[ ies kr ky prW vwly (Xwin &irSqy) ivc vI qwkq nhIN sI ik aus jMgl ivc aufwrI mwr sky, iPr ienswn qy GoVw Awid dI kI mjwl hY ik aus ^qry nwl BrI vwdI nUM pwr kr sky[ koeI 15-16 it`ly ndI dy swhmxy iklHy dy s`jy qy K`by h`Q sn[ ^wn ny eynI golwbwrI kIqI sI ik jy soicAw jwvy qW &irSqy dy KMB vI jl-bl rhy sn[ … swrw phwV qy jMgl sVHWd dI bhuqwq sdkw t`tI^wny vW| bixAw ipAw sI; blik K`jl-KuAwrI kwrn aus jMgl dy pMCI qy jMglI jwnvr iksy hor bIAwbwn vl cly gey[ au~pr iliKAw bdb^q (Xwin bMdw isMG) Awpxy itkwxy qoN B`j ky br&I rwjy (Xwin nwhn rwjy) dI h`d, jo ik ihMduswn dI slqnq qoN bwhr hY, ivc jw viVAw[“ {hyTW lohgVH dI pihlI phwVI dI ij`q qoN mgroN dw idRS hY}:

“hkUmq dy BrosyXog qy bwdSwh dy krIbI Abdus smd ^wn bhwdur nusrq jMg ny GoVy, hwQI, qMbU, qop^wnw qy su`K-cYn dy swzo-smwn Awid sB kuJ lohgVH hI C`f id`qw Aqy bwkI vDIAw bMdUkW qy jMgjUAW nUM (Xwin auprlIAW phwVIAW ’qy) nwl lY igAw[ Abdus smd ^wn ^ud pYdl qy CwauxI dy bhwdur dsqUr muqwibk do mMzlW qk dr^qW qy p`QrW nUM BMndy hoey aus dw ip`Cw krn vwsqy rwq nUM c`l pey[ drAsl Cy mMzlW sn Aqy aunHW ny cOdW idn ivc pYNfw qYA kIqw sI[ Aw^rkwr bdb^qW (Xwin is`KW) nUM du`K phuMcwaux (Xwin bMdw isMG qy aus dy jrnYlW nUM mwrn) dw i^Awl pUrw nw hoieAw, pr lu`t dw bhuq mwl h`Q l`igAw[ so keI Aijhw AwdmI

nhIN sI ijhVw lONg, lwcIAW, cMgIAW cIzW, bwnwq, kIm^wb, lwhOr dy buxy hoey k`pVy qy lwicAW dIAW pMfW bMnH ky, sonw-cWdI, BWfy, Zulwm qy fMgr-pSU nw ilAwieAw hovy[“ ^clxxxi

 

lohhVH dIAW pihlI prq dIAW phwVIAW ’qy is`K &OjW muZl &OjW dw mukwblw krdIAW rhIAW, pr aunHW kol eynw Aslw nhIN sI ik auh eyfI v`fI qy pUrI qrHW hiQAwrbMd &Oj dw lMmw smW twkrw kr skdy; ies kr ky kuJ idn dI lVweI mgroN muZl &OjW ny lohgVH dw auh ih`sw kbzy ivc kr ilAw[ bMdw isMG, auprlIAW phwVIAW ivc sI, qy muZl &OjW vwsqy au~Qy jwxw sOKw nhIN sI, qy bMdw isMG ny bc ky inkl qW jwxw hI sI[ so, ieh kihxw ik muZlW ny swrw lohgVH ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI, shI nhIN hY[ aunHW ny qW kuJ phwVIAW ’qy hI kbzw kIqw sI[

phwVIAW dI pihlI qih kbzy ivc lYx mgroN muZl jrnYlW nUM hYrwn hoeI ik auprlIAW phwVIAW ivcoN koeI hmlw nhIN ho irhw sI[ aunHW nUM smJ lg geI ik muZl &OjW nUM lohgVH dI lVweI ivc aulJw ky bMdw isMG qy aus dy swry muKI jrnYl bc ky inkl gey sn[ muZl &OjW lohgVH ij`qx nwhIN AweIAW sn[ auh qW bMdw isMG nuUM igR&qwr krn jW mwrn Awey sn[ bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwxw kwrn auh iek vwr Pyr hwr gey[

bMdw isMG 1713 ivc lohgVH qoN ikauN inkl ky igAw sI?

svwl kIqw jw skdw hY ik aus vyly bMdw isMG kol nw qW Anwj dI kmI sI qy nw hI Aslw ^qm ho igAw sI, iPr bMdw isMG ibnw lVweI kIqy lohgVH qoN ikauN clw igAw? ies dw jvwb ieh hY ik bMdw isMG iek cOVyry pYNqry ’qy cl irhw sI[ aus dw inSwnw lohgVH dI iek

CotI jhI lVweI ij`qxw nhIN sI[ auh muZlW nUM lgwqwr jMg dy mYdwn ivc ru`Jy r`Kxw cwhuMdw sI qW jo auh Qk jwx, &OjIAW dIAW qn^whW qy Aslw, ^urkw qy hor ^ricAW ivc aunHW dw ^zwnw ^wlI ho jwvy, bwdSwh Aqy muZl AmIrW dy idlW ivc hr vyly fr bixAw rhy Aqy muZlIAw slqnq dy A&srW vwsqy gVbV dw mwhOl bixAw rhy[

30 nvMbr 1710 dy idn jd auh lohgVH dy iklHy qoN clw igAw qW aus dw kwrn iehI sI[ auh keI mhIny qk lV skdw sI[ auh lohgVH qoN clw igAw qy muZl jrnYl Aqy &OjI keI idnW qk musIbq ivc Psy rhy, inzwm nUM ies muihMm vwsqy bhuq swrw pYsw ^rc krnw ipAw, qy bwdSwh iksy hor kwrvweI vl iDAwn nw dy sikAw[ bMdw isMG v`loN pYdw kIqy fr Aqy qrwh ny bwdSwh nUM pwZl bxw id`qw[ieh myZlIAw slqnq dI qbwhI dw AwZwz sI[ iPr auh dUjI vwr sqMbr 1712 ivc vI auh ibnw lVy qoN lohgVH qoN clw igAw[ aus vwr vI bwdSwh ny muhMmd AkIn ^wn qy sYNkVy muZl jrnYlW qoN ielwvw jYpur qy joDpur dy rwijAW nUM ies muihMm ivc Swiml kIqw hoieAw sI[ ies vwr vI SwhI ^zwny ivcoN bhq swrI rkm ^rc hoeI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw bwdSwh nUM pUrb Aqy gujrwq dw mwlIAw jYpur Aqy joDpur dy rwijAW dy hvwly krnw ipAw sI[ ies qIjI vwr (nvMbr 1713 ivc) vI lwhor qy mulqwn dy sUbydwr Aqy srhMd dy &Ojdwr dIAW hzwrW &OjW, sFOrw Aqy lohgVH ’qy kbzw krn vwsqy keI mhIny ru`JIAW rhIAW, pr auh bMdw isMG nUM iPr vI igR&qwr nw kr sky[ Xwin, ies vwr vI Asl ivc auh jMg hwr gey[ jy mwrc 1715 ivc bMdw isMG Awpxy Awp nUM gurdws nMgl ivc bMd krn dI ZlqI nw krdw qW nqIjy bhuq vKry hoxy sn; aus ny 1720 qk Gto-Gt pMjwb ivc qW muZlW dI slqnq dw Bog pw dyxw sI[ auN\ jy kr audYpur, jYpur Aqy joDpur rwjpUq rwjy aus dI g`l mMn ky bZwvq kr dyNdy qW audoN hI swry d`KxI eySIAw ivcoN muZlIAw slqnq dw s&wieAw ho jwxw sI[ bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI Aqy ShIdI nwl aus dI lVweI ^qm nhIN ho geI sI[ bMdw isMG qoN mgroN is`KW dI j`dojihd vI bMdw isMG dI muihMm dw hI ih`sw sI[

ies lVweI ivc qkrIbn nON sO is`K mwry gey sn[ 29 nvMbr ƒ ienHW is`KW dy isr lY ky

Abdus smd ^wn dw pu`qr zkrIAw ^wn bwdSwh kol hwizr hoieAw[ is`KW dy isrW ƒ nyizAW ’qy tMg ky id`lI dy cWdnI cOk bwzwr ’c numwieS lweI geI[ 5 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny zkrIAw ^wn ƒ iK`lq, ijgh Aqy inSwn Byt kIqw[ bwdSwh ny aus dy bwp Abdus smd ^wn dw mnsb vI

FweI hzwr dI QW iqMn hzwr zwq qy iek hzwr svwr kr idqw[ aus ƒ iek ngwrw vI eInwm idqw igAw[ pihloN, 19 nvMbr nUM bwdSwh ny kmwaUN dy zmINdwr rwjw bwz bhwdr cMd ny vI 228

is`KW qy horW dy k`ty hoey n`k Byj ky iek hwQI, iek qlvwr qy ijgh-klgI dw eInwm ilAw

_sI[clxxxii

ieh lVweI lohgVH iklHw dI Aw^rI lVweI sI[ lohgVH dI lVweI drAsl Gto-Gt 3 swl (nvMbr 1710 qoN nvMbr 1713 qk) lgwqwr cldI rhI sI (ies ip`CoN vI ie`Qy keI JVpW huMdIAW rhIAW sn , Xwin muZl 6 swl qk ies iklHy dy iksy vI ih`sy ’qy kwbz nhIN ho sky sn)[ ies dOrwn iqMn v`fIAW lVweIAW lVIAW geIAW sn[ pihlI lVweI (nvMbr 1710) ivc iek l`K qoN vD &OjI Swiml sn (iek AMdwzy muqwibk ies ivc do qoN iqMn l`K qk muZl &OjI Swiml sn) qy ienHW dI AgvweI qy ingrwnI muZl bwdSwh Awp, aus dy cwr Sihzwdy, sYNkVy muZl jrnYL qy keI ihMdU rwjy kr rhy sn[

dUjI lVweI (sqMbr 1712) ivc lVI geI sI[ ies dI AgvweI muZl &OjW dw muK jrnYl muhMmd AmIn ^wn qy qIjI lVweI (AkqUbr nvMbr 1713) dI AgvweI Abdus smd ^wn (sUbydwr lwhOr), zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), eInwm ^wn Aqy zkrIAw ^wn (jo mgroN lwhOr dw sUbydwr bixAw) kr irhw sI[ ies qIjI v`fI lVweI qoN mgroN bMdw isMG BwvyN jMmU v`l clw igAw sI, pr hzwrW is`K &OjI Ajy vI lohgVH qy srhMd dy ivckwr mOjUd sn[ auh

SwhI cOkIAW ’qy hmly krdy rihMdy sn qy AmIrW qy vzIrW nUM l`utdy rihMdy sn[ bwdSwh nUM 17

ApRYl, 7 meI, 29 meI, 12 jUn, 9 qy 10, 18 qy 19 julweI 1714 dy idn ies sbMDI ^brW id`qIAW jWdIAW rhIAW sn[

lohgVH iklHy ’qy muZlW dw Asl kbzw qW bMdw isMG dI ShIdI (jUn 1716) qoN mgroN, lohgVH dy ielwky ivc bcy-Kucy swry is`K ShId krn mgroN hI hoieAw sI, jd aunHW ny ies nUM Fwhuxw SurU kr id`qw sI (qy ies nUM Fwhux vwsqy vI 20 swl qoN vD smW l`gw sI)[

&r`^sIAr v`loN Abdus smd ^wn dw iek mhwn jyqU nUM id`qy jwx vwlw SwhI iesqkbwl (suAwgq)

bhwdr Swh Aqy jhWdwr Swh vWg &r`^sIAr ƒ vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm eynI Aihm jwpdI sI ik auh ies msly ƒ pihl dy ADwr ’qy ivcwirAw krdw sI[ ies kr ky auh muhMmd

AmIn ^wn Aqy Abdus smd ^wn dw ^ws i^Awl rKdw sI[A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw (21 &rvrI 1714 dI irport) muqwibk bwdSwh ny do gurj brdwr lohgV v`l Byjy qW jo auh ie`zq-mwx nwl Abdus smd ^wn nUM bwdSwh qk lY ky Awaux[ {ies qoN ieh vI pqw lgdw hY ik nvMbr ivc lohgVH iklHy ’qy kbzw krn mgroN iqMn mhIny qk, &rvrI 1714 qk, Abdus smd ^wn au~Qy bYTw irhw sI}[

jd Abdus smd ^wn &r`^sIAr ƒ imlx vwsqy id`lI Awaux vwlw sI qW bwdSwh ny Awpxy slwhkwrW qoN pu`iCAw ik jd koeI jrnYl v`fI ij`q hwisl kr ky AwauNdw hY qW aus nUM ikvyN ‘jI AiweAW’ ikhw jWdw hY[ bwdSwh ny pu`iCAw ik jd Asd ^wn jMjI qoN Aqy ^wn jhwn bhwdr bMgwl qoN ij`qW hwisl kr ky Awey sn qW aunHW jrnYlW nUM, A`goN ho ky ‘jI AwieAW’ kihx, iks

Ahudy dw A&sr igAw sI[ pqw lwaux mgroN bwdSwh ny Awp idlcspI lY ky hdwieqW idqIAW ik aus (Abdus smd ^wn) ƒ A`gy ho ky Swn qy mwx nwl jI AwieAW AwiKAw jwvy[ aus ny mIr

jumlw dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh dIvwny-Kws dy bUhy ’qy jw ky Abdus smd ^wn nUM jI AwieAW AwKy

Aqy bwdSwh kol lY ky Awvy[^clxxxiii jd ^wn AwieAw qW bwdSwh ny aus dI ip`T QwpVI Aqy ^ws iK`lq qy ijgh-klgI dI b^iSS kIqI[ iesy qrHW 3 mwrc 1714 ƒ eIsy ^wn mM\ ƒ is`KW dy i^lw& mwArkw mwrn bdly l`KI jMgl dI &OjdwrI qy jwgIr p`kI kr idqI geI Aqy nwl hI aus dw mnsb vI iek hzwr-nON sO vDw idqw[ is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’c rol Adw krn bdly bwdSwh ny hornW ƒ vI ^ws eInwm b^iSS kIqy[

BweI &iqh isMG dI ShIdI

Agsq 1713 dy dUjy h&qy ivc is`K &OjW ny BweI &qih isMG dI AgvweI ivc bloh dy ielwky ivc muihMm SurU kIqI hoeI sI[ sUbw kSmIr dy nwizm swdwq ^wn dy nwieb (ifptI) muhMmd AlI ^wn dI &Oj ny, bloh dy rwjy dIndwr dI &Oj nwl iml ky, is`K &OjW ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ is`K &OjIAW ny BwrI &Oj vyK ky jMgl ivc Cupx dI koiSS kIqI pr muZl &OjW dw Gyrw bVw zbrdsq sI[ A^Ir dohW iDrW ivc jMg hoeI[ ies jMg ivc 200 muZl ispwhI Aqy iek hzwr is`K vI, sxy BweI &qih isMG (ijs nUM bMdw isMG ny smwxw dw sUbydwr bxwieAw sI) dy, ShId ho gey[ BweI &qih isMG dw isr v`F ky kSmIr sUby dy nwieb (ifptI) muhMmd AlI ^wn

ƒ ByijAw igAw[ ies dI ^br bwdSwh &r`^sIAr ƒ 16 Agsq 1713 dy idn imlI[ aus ny ies nwieb sUbydwr dw mnsb 5 sO zwq qy iek sO svwr vDw idqw[^clxxxiv

 

bMdw isMG bhwdr dIAW Aw^rI lVweIAW

lohgVH qoN inkly ky bMdw isMG ikDr igAw bwry spSt nhIN huMdw[ kuJ icr ieh crcw cldw irhw ik auh cMbw phuMc igAw hY[ pr, A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw muqwibk bMdw isMG

j`lwpur (izlHw murwdwbwd) phuMc igAw sI qy bwdSwh ny murwdwbd dy &Ojdwr nUM aus ’qy kwrvweI krn vwsqy pYZwm ByijAw sI[<sup>clxxxv</sup> pr ieh shI nhIN jwpdw ikauN ik pihlI g`l qW murwdwbwd

izlHw ivc j`lwpur nW dw koeI ipMf nhIN; dUjw murwdwbwd izlHw ivc idlwrI qihsIl ivc iek jlwlpur Kwlsw zrUr hY, pr ieh lohgVH qoN 300 iklomItr dUr hY[ dUjw, A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw muqwibk hI, 14 dsMbr 1713 dy idn bwdSwh ny hmId ^wn nUM murwdwbwd jwx Aqy bwZIAW nUM szw dyx vwsqy hukm ByijAw, Aqy, iesy smyN hI bwdSwh ny ^wn bhwdr muz`&r jMg nUM bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm hyT lohgVH ByijAw[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik murwdwbwd ivc is`K &OjW dI iksy tolI ny kwrvweI kIqI hoxI hY nw ik bMdw isMG Awp au~Qy igAw sI[ bwdSwh nUM pihlI mwrc 1714 dy idn d`isAw igAw ik is`K &OjIAW ny srhMd dy ielwky ivc lu`tmwr kIqI sI[ aunHW dI qwkq eynI sI ik srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ny AwpxI &OOj Byj ky, aunHW nwl lVweI kr ky aunHw nUM BjwieAw sI[

11 mwrc 1714 dy idn bwdSwh nUM cklw jMmU dy ies&MdXwr dy ^q qoN pqw l`gw ik cMby dw rwjy dy pySkwr Aqy nUrpur dy rwjy dy vkIlW ny Abdul AzIm nwieb &Ojdwr nUM d`isAw sI ik bMdw isMG iek bVI v`fI &Oj nwl rwm isMh jbovwl dy qw`lukw dy ipMf vW ivc TihirAw hoieAw hY[ auh ie`QoN kql bihlvwl v`loN btwlw nUM jwxw cwhuMdw hY[ bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik Abdul AzIm kol aunHW dw mukwblw krn vwsqy &Oj nhIN hY qy iksy phwVI rwjy ny aus dI mdd nhIN kIqI; ies kr ky auh mjbUr hY[

8 mwrc 1714 dy idn bwdSwh ƒ ieh ^br idqI geI ik eymnwbwd dy &Ojdwr ierwdqmMd

^wn ny is`KW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw hoieAw hY[ is`K kwbl, kSmIr, lwhOr qy gujrwq dy ielwikAW ivc lutmwr krdy hn Aqy ies mwl qy ^zwny ivcoN auh ierwdqmMd ^wn ƒ A`Dw ih`sw dy dyNdy hn[ ^br ivc ieh vI ikhw igAw ik &Ojdwr mwlIAw, cuMgI qy hor srkwrI ^zwny ivc

vI hyrw PyrI kr irhw hY[ auh nklI irkwrf vI bxw irhw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny eymnwbwd dw nvW &Ojdwr lwaux leI nW suJwaux vwsqy lwhOr dy sUbydwr ƒ iliKAw[^clxxxvi

is`K &OjW lohgVH, b`dI, ipMjOr, mornI dy phwVW ivc

BwvyN muZl &OjW ny sFOrw iklHw Fwh id`qw sI Aqy lohgVH iklHy dIAW kuJ phwVIAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI pr hzwrW dI igxqI ivc is`K &OjW Ajy vI lohgVH, b`dI, ipMjOr, mornI dy phwVW ivc mOjUd sn qy auh gwhy-bgwhy srhMd dy keI prgixAW ivc hmly krdy rihMdy sn[

AprYl 1714 dy dUjy h&qy srhMd sUby ivc mihlUk dy ielwky dy phwVW ivc hzwrW is`K mOjUd sn[ auh phwVW ivcoN inkl ky AwauNdy sn Aqy muZl qy pTwn jwgIrdwrW dIAW &slW jbrI v`F lYNdy sn[ ieh ^br imlx ’qy sUbw srhMd dy &Ojdwr dy b^SI Sr&-aud-dIn dI &Oj ny aunHW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ pr is`KW dI igxqI bhuqI hox kr ky aus dy bhuq swry &OjI mwry gey[ Agly idn b^SI Sr&-aud-dIn iek hzwr GoVsvwr qy s`q sO ipAwdw &Oj lY ky muV Aw igAw[ auDr

is`K &OjW dI igxqI vI 5 hzwr dy krIb sI[ ies vwr qIrW qy qlvwrW nwl dohW iDrW ivc bhuq zbrdsq t`kr hoeI jo hnyrw pYx qk, iqMn pihr (qkrIbn 9 GMty), cldI rhI[^clxxxvii

ies ivc dohW iDrW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw[ hnyrw pYx ’qy is`K phwVW nUM muV gey qy muZl ies nUM AwpxI &qh smJdy rhy[

30 ApRYl 1714 dy idn pMj hzwr is`K &OjW ropV qoN auprly phwVW ivc mOjUd sn[ srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ny Awpxy BqIjy mIr Abu muk`rm nUM 2 hzwr &OjW dy ky is`KW

’qy hmlw krn vwsqy ByijAw[ jd is`K &OjW ny vyiKAw ik musilm &OjW dI igxqI Gt hY qW auh phwVW qoN auqr ky ropV Sihr dy nyVy Aw gey[ jd mIr Abu muk`rm nUM is`KW dy a~uQy puj`x dI ^br imlI qW auh aunHW nwl t`kr lYx vwsqy au~Qy phuMc igAw[ dohW &OjW ivc bMdUkW Aqy qIrW nwl bwrI jMg hoeI[ ieh jMg 2 pihr (qkrIbn 6 GMty) cldI rhI qy hnyrw pYx ’qy ^qm hoeI[ is`K Pyr phwVW nUM inkl gey[ ies ivc dohW pwisAW qoN sYNkVy &OjI mwry gey[ mwry gey is`KW dI

igxqI 300 sI[zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ny eInwm hwisl krn vwsqy mwry gey is`KW dy isr v`F ky bwdSwh nUM Byj id`qy[^clxxxviii

meI dy qIjy h&qy pMj hzwr is`K GoVsvwr qy 7 hzwr pYdl &OjW phwVW qoN auqr ky bvwsw (Aj-klH ies nW dw koeI ipMf mOjUd nhIN hY) prgxw ivc Aw geIAW[ aunHIN idnIN srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn dI iek v`fI &Oj aus ielwky ivc mOjUd sI[ aus dIAW &OjW ny is`KW nUM Gyrw pw ilAw[ kuJ smyN mgroN hor muZl &OjW vI phuMc geIAW[ dohW iDrW ivc bMdUkW

qIrW qy qlvwrW nwl zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ duSmx &Oj dI igxqI bhuq v`fI hox kr ky is`K lVdy lVdy iPr phwVW v`l nUM cly gey[ ^clxxxix

qkrIbn ieho ijhI iek lVweI dI ^br bwdSwh nUM 12 jUn dy idn vI id`qI geI sI[ auh Gtnw 13 meI 1714 dy idn ipMf dhonw <sup>cxc</sup> prgnw dy ipMf mwxkpur* ivc hoeI d`sI geI sI[ ies lVweI dI q&sIl ivc ikhw igAw sI ik is`K mwl fMgr Kohx Awey sn[ ielwky dy hwkmW nwl dohW iDrW ivc bMdUkW qIrW qy qlvwrW nwl zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ eyny ivc srhMd dy &Ojdwr

zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn dI &Oj auQy phuMc geI qy iPr zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ dohW pwisAW qoN bhuq lok mwry gey[^cxci

bwj isMG dw bMdw isMG qoN ‘judw’ hoxw

ieh g`l Awm khI jWdI hY ik bMdw isMG qy ibnod isMG ivckwr gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc (ApYrl 1715 qoN dsMbr 1715) &rk Awey sn qy ibnod isMG lV ky Gyrw qoVdw hoieAw inkl igAw sI[ pr ieh g`l shI nhIN hY[ hW, 9 julweI 1714 ƒ bwdSwh dy drbwr ivcoN srkwrI hrkwry AnMd rwE v`loN jYpur dy rwjw nUM ByjI ic`TI ivc disAw igAw sI ik srhMd qoN AnMd rwE hrkwry v`loN ByjI irport muqwibk aunHW idnW ivc hI bwj isMG (ibnod isMG nhIN) iek v`fI &Oj lY ky (Swied 14-15 hzwr) bMdw isMG qoN Alihdw ho igAw sI qy aus ny Awpxw fyrw mwKovwl

(AnMdpur) ivc lw ilAw sI[ aus ƒ kihlUr (iblwspur) dy rwjy (Ajmyr cMd) dI mdd vI hwisl sI[^cxcii SwhI &OjW dw fyrw nyVy* hox dy bwvjUd bwj isMG au~QoN muZl AmIrW qy jwgIrdwrW

dy ipMfW ’qy hmly kr ky lut mwr krn lg ipAw sI[ auh dOlq qy fMgr Koh ky lY jWdw sI[

(*SwhI &Oj dw iek fyrw ijMdbVI Aqy iek ropV ivc sI)[

julweI dy pihly h&qy is`KW ny ArdUn, mihlUk, mlkIAwq, ipMjOr, sylUk qy lKwq qoN ropV qk dy ipMfW ivc fyry lwey hoey sn[ jd srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K aus ielwky ivc GuMm rhy hn qW aus ny, Az ^wn nUM s`jy pwisEN Aqy Awpxy BqIjy Kvwjw Abdul muk`rm ^wn nUM K`by pwisEN Byj ky, Awp vI ies ielwky vl kUc kr id`qw; Xwin iqMn pwisEN ienHW is`KW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ jd is`KW nUM srhMdI &Oj dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW is`K lVweI krn vwsqy A`gy vD Awey[ dohW iDrW ivc bMdUkW Aqy qIrW nwl lVweI hoeI[ kuJ icr mgroN &OjW GoiVAW qo auqr ky qlvwrW nwl lVweI krn lg peIAW[ ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry srhMdI &OjI Aqy s`qr is`K mwry gey[ hnyrw pYx mgroN is`K &OjW phwVW v`l clIAW geIAW[

is`KW dy jwx mgroN srhMdI &OjW ny ArdUn, mihlUk, mlkIAwq Awid 12 ipMfW, ijnHW ivc is`K Tihry hoey sn, nUM swV id`qw[^cxciii

ho skdw hY ik ieh hmly bwz isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW v`loN kIqy gey hoxgy[ ies qoN mgroN bwj isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW bwry muZl drbwr dy irkwrfW ivc koeI hvwlw nhIN imldw (auN\ bwj isMG nUM 9 jUn 1916 dy idn bMdw isMG dy nwl hI ShId kIqw igAw sI)[ ieh vI ikhw jw skdw hY ik muZl drbwr dy irkwrfz ivc ZlqI nwl ibnod isMG dI QW bwj isMG iliKAw igAw hovy[ pr ikauN ik bwkI dy is“KW dy nW TIk hI ilKy hn[ so ieh ZlqI nhIN hoeI hovygI[ dUjw bMdw isMG qy bwj isMG dI ieh AlihdgI 1715 dI nhIN blik 1714 dI hY[ qIjw, muZl irkwrf ikqy vI bwj isMG dy bMdw isMG nwl JgVy jW aus dy muZlW nwl smJOqy dw zrw-mwsw vI izkr qk vI nhIN krdy[

bMdw isMG dy gVHvwl qy kmwaUN ivc hox dw crcw

Agsq 1714 dy SurU ivc bMdw isMG gVHvwl irAwsq dy phwVW (fyhrwdUn vZYrw) ivcoN hMudw

hoieAw, gVHvwl dy rwjw &qh Swh dI mdd nwl, brylI qy murdwbwd vl cl ipAw[ aus nUM vxjwirAW ny bulwvw ByijAw sI[^cxciv (ies dw mqlb ieh hY ik BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy swQI

ies ielwky ivc mOjUd sn)[ jd is`K kmwEN dy ielwky ivc pu`jy qW au~QoN dy rwjy bwj bhwdr cMd ny &Oj lY ky aunHW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies lVweI ivc dohW iDrW dw kw&I nukswn hoieAw[ ieh lVweI iqMn idn cldI rhI sI bwj bhwdr ny mwry gey 20 is`KW dy isr bwdSwh ƒ Byjy[ bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik kumwEN dw rwjw bwj bhwdr cMd Aws rKdw hY ik bwdSwh aus nUM iek &urmwn, iK`lq Aqy iek goSvwr (p`g au~qy iek pwsy sjwaux vwsqy hIirAW nwl jVI p`tI) eInwm vjoN Byjygw[ bwdSwh ny aus dI^wihS pUrI kridAW ieh eInwm Byj id`qy[^cxcv

bMdw isMG muV pMjwb Aw igAw

Agsq 1714 ivc bMdw isMG ihMdosqwn qoN vwips pMjwb Aw pu`jw[ ierivMg ilKdw hY ik 16 Agsq nUM bMdw isMG dI AgvweI ivc s`q hzwr dI igxqI ivc is`K &Oj ny ropV ‘qy hmlw kIqw pr srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn dy ifptI Kvwjw muk`rm dI &Oj ny is`KW dw zbrdsq mukwblw kIqw[ iPr 26 Agsq nUM zYn Aihmd ^wn ny is`K &OjW ‘qy hmlw kr idqw[

ies kr ky is`KW nUM iPr phwVW v`l inklxw ipAw[ ies lVweI ivc mwry gey 2 sO is`KW dy isr k`t ky bwdSwh nUM Byjy gey[^cxcvi

ienHW idnW ivc bwdSwh ƒ ieh vI ^br idqI geI ik eymnwbwd dy &Ojdwr ierwdqmMd ^wn ny is`KW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw hoieAw hY[ is`K kwbl, kSmIr, lwhOr qy gujrwq dy ielwikAW ivc lutmwr krdy hn Aqy ies mwl qy ^zwny ivcoN auh ierwdqmMd ^wn ƒ A`Dw ih`sw dy dyNdy hn[ ^br ivc ieh vI ikhw igAw ik &Ojdwr mwlIAw, cuMgI qy hor srkwrI ^zwny ivc vI hyrw

PyrI kr irhw hY[ auh nklI irkwrf vI bxw irhw hY[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny eymnwbwd dw nvW &Ojdwr lwaux leI nW suJwaux vwsqy lwhOr dy sUbydwr ƒ iliKAw[^cxcvii iehI ^br bwdSwh nUM 8

mwrc 1714 vwly idn id`qI geI sI[ ies dw ArQ ieh hY ik is`kW qy ierwdqmMd dI nyVqw pUrw swl cldI rhI sI[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik irkwrf ivc A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw dw ie`ko vrkw do jgh r`iKAw igAw hovy[

5 &rvrI 1715 dy idn bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K &OjW srhMd qoN iqMn koh (qkrIbn

10 iklomItr) dUr lKwq ipMf ivc bYTIAW sn[ ^br imlx ’qy &Ojdwr i^dmq qlb ^wn ny Awpxy b^SI nUM pMj hzwr ipAwdw qopcI Aqy qIr AMdwz dy ky aunHW d yip`Cy qoirAw[ aus ny

phwvW dy izmINdwrW (phwVI rwijAW) nUM vI pYZwm Byjy ik auh bwZIAW nUM AwpxIAW srh`dW ivc dwi^l nw hox dyx[^cxcviii

23-24 &rvrI 1715 dy idn bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K &OjW srhmd qoN sukyq Aqy mMfI dy phwVW vl inkl geIAW sn[ ienHW ivc sq hzwr GoVsvwr qy AT hzwr pYdl sn[

ienHW    ƒ kihlUr (iblwspur) dy rwjy dI ihmwieq hwisl sI[ ies dOrwn iek vwr jd ieh dUn

dy ielwky ivc sn qW ienHW dI t`kr &qh-au~lw-^wn dy Awiml rmzwnI byZ dI &Oj nwl ho geI[ ies lVweI ivc rmzwnI byZ dI &Oj dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw[^cxcix

&rvrI 1715 dy A^Ir ivc bMdw isMG Pyr phwVW qoN auqr AwieAw Aqy aus ny SwhI ^zwny qy Asly qoN ielwvw Kwx-pIx dw swmwn vI luut ilAw[ jd bwdSwh ƒ ^br imlI qW aus ny gurj-brdwr Byj ky lwhOr dy sUbydwr Abdus smd ^wn ƒ AYkSn lYx vwsqy hdwieqW ByjIAW[^cc mwrc 1715 dy bMdw isMG ny klwnOr ’qy hmlw kr ky ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr sihrwb ^wn nUM burI qrHW hwr id`qI qy Sihr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies mgroN aus ny btwlw Aqy rweypur ’qy hmlw kr

ky lut mwr kIqI[ ies mOky ’qy lwhOr dy &Ojdwr jW QwnydwrW ivcoN iksy ny vI aus nwl t`kr nw leI[ Abdus smd ^wn aus vyly B`tIAW Aqy fogirAW dI bZwvq ƒ dbwaux vwsqy igAw hoieAw sI[^cci ^w&I ^wn muqwibk ksUr dy husYn ^wn ^ySgI ny lwhOr drbwr dy i^lw& bZwvq kr idqI

sI[ ies lVweI ivc husYn ^wn ^ySgI dI mOq ho geI[ ies kwmXwbI ’qy ^uS ho ky &r`^sIAr ny

Abdus smd ^wn nUM ‘sY&-aud-dOlw’ (srkwr dI qlvwr) dw i^qwb idqw sI[^ccii

 

bMdw isMG qy isMGW dIAW igR&qwrIAW qy ShIdIAW

jd bwdSwh ƒ bMdw isMG dy klwnOr, btwlw Aqy rwiepur jwx dw pqw lgw qW bwdSwh ny

Abdus smd ^wn nUM iJVkW mwrIAW Aqy gu`sy-BrI ic`TI ilKI Aqy 10 mwrc ƒ kmr-aud-dIn ^wn^cciii (pu`qr muhMmd AmIn ^wn) nUM vI iek v`fI &Oj dy ky gurdws nMgl v`l rvwnw kr idqw[

kmr-aud-dIn 15 mwrc nUM pMjwb vl cilAw sI[ ies dy nwl hI bwdSwh ny A&rwisAwb ^wn bhwdr, rwjw EdIp isMh, rwjw gopwl isMh BdOVIAw, ipRQI cMd dy nwl iqMn sO hor mnsbdwrW ƒ vI pYZwm Byj ky Awpo-AwpxIAW &Oj lY ky bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy jwx vwsqy hukm jwrI

kIqw[ ies qoN ielwvw bwdSwh ny AwpxI 12450 GoV svwr &Oj ƒ vI ienHW dy nwl jwx dw hukm jwrI kIqw[^cciv

gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ƒ Gyrw pYxw

19 mwrc 1715 ƒ bwdSwh ƒ d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG dI &Oj lwhOr qoN cwlI koh (svw sO) iklomItr dUr pVwA kr rhI hY[ auQoN dy &Ojdwr qy AmIr-vzIr Gr C`f ky dOV gey hn[ is`KW ny swry pwsy Awpxy Twxy ibTw idqy hn ies dI ^br CyqI hI Abdul smd ^wn ƒ puj geI[ aus ny gVHI Gyrw pwaux vwsqy iek v`fI &Oj iek`TI kr leI qy ibnW iksy dyrI qoN aus pwsy vl kUc kr idqw[

ies vyly bMdw isMG kot imrzw jwn ivc sI[ jd aus nUM ies &Oj dy Awaux dI plwn dw pqw l`gw qW auh kot imrzw ^wn ivc iek gVHI bxw irhw sI[ s: krm isMG ihstorIAn dw ivcwr hY ik ie`Qy gVHI bxwauxw bMdw isMG dw iek &OjI pYNqVw sI[ s: krm isMG ilKdw hY:

“kot imrzw ^wn iek Cotw ijhw ipMf hY jo vtwly Aqy klwnOr dy ivckwr vsdw hY[ ies jgh nUM lVweI leI psMd krn ivc bMdy dI Akl dw nmUnw iml jWdw hY[ lVweI dy do is`ty hI ho skdy sn, Xw qW bMdw ij`qdw jW SwhI &Oj ij`qdI[ hr hwlq ivc imrzw ^wn dw mYdwn bMdw isMG leI lwBdwiek sI[ jy kr vtwly qy klwnOr nUM AwpxI ip`T ip`Cy rKdw Aqy iksy kwrn hwr jwdw, qW ienHW SihrW dy AwdmIAW ny hI BjidAW dw rwh rok lYxw sI[ jy kr ieMnW ip`Cy htdy ik ieh dovyN Sihr SwhI sYnw dI ip`T ip`Cy Aw jWdy qW ies dI lu`t dw bhuq swrw ih`sw mwirAw jwxw sI, ikauN ik ip`Cy htidAW hI SwhI &Oj nUM vtwly jW klwnOr ivc pnwh iml jwxI sI[ ZOr krn qoN mwlUm huMdw hY ik bMdy nUM ieqnI Aws ij`q dI nhIN sI ijMnI ik hwr dI Aqy ieho kwrn sI ik mYdwn ivc twkrw krn dI QW bMdw isMG gVHIAW dy Awsry FUMf irhw sI[”

pr, krm isMG dI g`l shI nhIN hY[ btwlw qoN imrzw jwn (ibjlIvwl qy Akrpurw dy ivckwr) swFy A`T iklomItr hY qy klwnOr qoN imrzw jwn 15 iklomItr hY; imrzw jwn dy duAwly Akrpur, murIdky, kwlw A&ZwnW, &qihgVH cUVIAW, dUjy pwsy sqkohw, DwrIvwl –hn qy ieh swry ipMf muslmwnW dy sn[ pr swry pMjwb ivc bMdw isMG dw fr eynw smwieAw hoieAw sI ik Awm AwdmI aus dw rwh rokx dw ^wb vI nhIN sn dyK skdy}[

bMdw isMG ny kuJ hI idnW ivc kot imrzw jwn vwlI gVHI dw kw&I ih`sw iqAwr kr ilAw pr Ajy qk &sIl (cwrdIvwrI) Aqy gVHI dy duAwly KweI nhIN sI bx skI[ ies qoN pihlW ik

auh ies gVHI nUM pUrI qrHW bxw skdw, lwhOr dw nwieb sUbydwr Awir& ^wn mwro-mwr krdw au~Qy phuMc cukw sI[ eynI v`fI &Oj vyK ky bMdw isMG ny au~Qy Tihrnw munwisb nw smiJAw Aqy auh ipMf gurdws nMgl (gurdwspur qoN 6 iklomItr) vl kUc kr igAw Aqy au~Qy BweI dunI cMd drvyS dI hvylI ivc pnwh lYx dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies vyly qk is`K &OjW nUM cwry pwsy qoN Gyrw pY cukw sI[

muhMmd kwism AorMgwbwdI muqwibk bMdy kol ijhVI &Oj sI auh pihlW dI insbq sOvW ih`sw vI nhIN sI[^ccv

jd bMdw isMG gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc swry pwisEN burI qrHW iGr igAw qW aus dy nwl qkrIbn pMj kU hzwr &Oj sI[ ies gVHI ivc isr& hzwr-bwrHW sO bMdy hI smw skdy sn[ jd eyny kU is`K gVHI ivc vV gey qW bwkIAW kol Gyrw cIr ky inklx dI koiSS krn qoN isvw koeI cwrw nhIN sI[ ies kr ky bwkI dy cwr kU hzwr is`KW ny iek pwsy v`l B`jxw SurU kr idqw[ pr

Gyrw cwry pwisEN ipAw hox kr ky ienHW iv`coN bhuqy is`K mwry gey[ muhMmd kwism AorMgwbwdI muqwibk ies mOky ’qy do hzwr is`K mwry gey qy bhuq swry igR&qwr kr ley gey[<sup>ccvi</sup> ShId is`KW

iv`coN 2 hzwr dy isr k`t ky Aqy iek hzwr dy krIb is`KW nUM byVIAW pw ky bwdSwh kol pyS krn vwsqy id`lI tor idqw igAw[^ccvii

jdoN bMdw isMG ny Awpxy Awp nUM gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc bMd kr ilAw qW Abdus smd

^wn ny gurdws nMgl ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ ieh g`l mwrc 1715 dy AwKrI h&qy dI hY[ bwdSwh ny 30 mwrc 1715 dy idn gurj-brdwr Byj ky srhMd dy Az ^wn ƒ Abuds smd ^wn dI mdd vwsqy kUc krn dw hukm ByijAw[ ies mOky ’qy bwdSwh ƒ ^br imlI ik dOlq ^wn mueIn pMj sO GoVsvwr &Oj lY ky pihlW hI 20 mwrc ƒ sulqwnpur qoN goieMdvwl pujw hoieAw sI qy aus ny ibAws ndI dy pwrly kMFy dw morcw sMBwl ilAw sI[

10 ApRYl 1715 ƒ bwdSwh ƒ iek JUTI ieqlwh jMmU qoN AweI ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik bMdw isMG, aus dI pqnI qy bytw kYd kr ley gey hn[ pr mgroN dopihr nUM hI pqw lgw ik ieh isr& iek A&vwh sI[ drAsl ienHW idnW ivc bMdw isMG (AwpxI cMby vwlI pqnI Aqy in`ky

b`cy sxy) gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc iGr igAw sI[ pMjwh hzwr qoN vD &Oj ny ies gVHI ƒ Gyrw pwieAw hoieAw sI[^ccviii

jd Abdus smd ^wn nUM bMdw isMG dy gurdwspur ivc iGr jwx dw pqw l`gw qW auh mwro-mwr krdw 12 hzwr GoVsvwr &Oj, 12 hzwr pYdl Aqy BwrI qop ^wnw lY ky iqMn idn ivc 40 koh (qkrIbn 125 iklomItr) pYNfw kr ky lwhOr qoN gurdwspur pu`j igAw[ rsqy ivc aus ny

btwlw qy klwnOr ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ is`KW ny vI qIrW qy bMdUkW nwl jMg kIqI[ A^Ir aus ny ies swry ielwky ivcoN jW qW is`K &OjW nUM ^qm kr id`qw jW duVw id`qw[^ccix

ierivn muqwibk muZlW dI v`fI &Oj dI kmWf Abdus smd ^wn ^ud kr irhw sI[ sY&-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr gujrwq), ierwdq mMd ^wn (&Ojdwr eymnwbwd), nUr muhMmd ^wn (&Ojdwr AOrMgbwd qy psrUr), SyK muhMmd dwXm (&Ojdwr btwlw), suhrwb ^wn (&Ojdwr klwnOr), hmIr cMd ktoc (rwjw kWgVw), Druv dyv jsrotIey dw puqr hir dyv vI AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky Awir& byZ ^wn (nwieb sUbydwr lwhOr) dI AgvweI ivc gurdws nMgl phMuc gey sn)[ ienHW swirAW ny ipMf gurdws nMgl qoN QoVHI dUrI ’qy morcy pu`t ley[ gVHI dy au~qr v`l zkrIAw ^wn (&Ojdwr jMmU) Aqy zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), d`Kx v`l Abdus smd ^wn (sUbydwr lwhOr) qy p`Cm v`l p`tI, AYmnwbwd, btwlw, klwnOr, AOrMgwbwd, gujrwq dy &OjdwrW Aqy kWgVw Aqy jsrotw dy ihMdU rwijAW dIAW &OjW ny morcy sMBwly hoey sn[ Xwin bMdw isMG swry pwisAW qoN v`fIAW &OjW nwl burI qrHW iGirAw hoieAw sI[^ccx

ies vyly bMdw isMG nwl bhuq v`fI &Oj nhIN sI[ pr ienHW is`KW vwsqy vI gVHI AMdr kw&I Kurwk nhIN sI[ is`K pihlW-pihl qW gVHI ’coN inkl ky nyVy dy ipMfW ’qy hmly kr ky dwxw Aqy fMgr Koh ky gVHI AMdr lY jWdy rhy[ ApYRl dy dUjy h&qy mugl &OjW dIAW kuJ tukVIAW ny A`gy vD ky aunHW ƒ rokx dI koiSS kIqI[ ies lVweI ivc dohW iDrW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw[ iek idn is`K &OjW ny gVHI ’coN inkl ky kotlI ipMf ivcoN l`kV ilAwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ Druv dyv

jsrotIey dI &Oj ny aunHW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ keI is`K mwry gey qy bcy hoey gVHI ivc vwips dOV gey[ hux ieh rsqw vI bMd ho igAw[ hux hr idSw ivc iklyH ivcoN bwhr Awaux vwly is`KW ’qy qIrW Aqy bMdUkW nwl hmlw hMudw sI qy jy auh ienHW dy vwr qoN bc jWdy sn qW aunHW dI Agy vDdI muZl &OjW nwl lVweI hMudI sI ijs ivc bhuq swry is`K ShId ho jWdy sn[

bVI v`fI &Oj hox dy bwvjUd muZlW ny gVHI ’qy hmlw nw kIqw[ aunHW ƒ pqw lg cukw sI ik is`KW ny nyVly ipMfW qoN bhuq swrw lohw iek`Tw kr ilAw hY qy aunHW kol bMdUkW qy qopW vI hn[ aunHW ny iqMn nvIAW qopW vI bxw leIAW hn qy bwrUd vI aunHW kol bhuq hY[ ies dI ^br bwdSwh ƒ 23 AprYl 1715 dy idn pujI sI[ bwdSwh nUM ieh vI d`isAw igAw sI ik is`KW ny gVHI dy nyVy dy ipMfW qoN GoVAW Aqy m`JW vwsqy Gh Awid iek`Tw kr ilAw sI[ muslmwn &OjIAW

kol bMdw isMG dw twkrw krn vwsqy hOslw qy bhwdurI dI kmI hY[ pr ijhVy is`K muslwn &OjIAW dIAW golIAW jW qIrW dy inSwny ivc AwauNdy sn, aunHW nUM inSwnw bxieAw jWdw sI[^ccxi

28 AprYl ƒ Abdus smd ^wn dw pYZwm bwdSwh ƒ pujw ijs ivc aus ny iek bVI v`fI

qop dI mMg kIqI sI qW jo auh gurdws nMgl dI gVHI dIAW dIvwrW ƒ aufw sky[ bwdSwh ny ausy vyly iek v`fI qop gurdwspur Byjx dw hukm jwrI kr idqw[^ccxii

gurdws nMgl dw Gyrw ipCly fyF mhIny qoN jwrI sI[ 14 meI 1715 ƒ bwdSwh ny eIsw ^wn mM\ (&Ojdwr l`KI jMgl) ƒ vI hukm jwrI kIqw ik auh vI AwpxI &Oj lY ky gurdws nMgl vl clw jwvy[ 21 meI ƒ bwdSwh ny s&vI ^wn ƒ hdwieq idqI ik auh lwhOr sUby dy jgIrdwrW Aqy mnsbdwrW ƒ hukm jwrI kry ik auh AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky Abdus smd ^wn kol hwizr ho jwx vrnw aunHW dw swrw mwl Asbwb zbq kr ilAw jwvygw[ ieM\ bwdSwh ny koeI vI Aijhw cODrI nhIN C`ifAw sI ijs ƒ aus ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc nw ByijAw hovy[ QoVHy icr ivc hI aus

QW ‘qy Abdus smd ^wn dI 24 hzwr &Oj, srhMd dI 5 hzwr &Oj, lwhOr sUby dI 10 hzwr &Oj qy jMmU dI 5 hzwr &Oj vI phuMc cukI sI[ id`lI qoN kmr-aud-dIn vI hzwrW &OjW lY ky c`lx vwlw sI[

hux jUn dw A`D Aw cukw sI[ is`KW ƒ iGirAW ƒ FweI mhIny ho cuky sn[ iebrqnwmw dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism jo aus vyly nwieb sUbydwr Awir& byZ ^wn dy nwl qweInwq sI, ilKdw hY ik “is`K idn ivc do iqMn vwr gVHI ivcoN 40-50 dy toilAW ivc inkldy sn qy Awpxy vwsqy Aqy GoiVAW vwsqy dwxw pwxI lY jwieAw krdy sn[ ienHW is`KW nUM rokx vwsqy muZl &OjI koiSS qW krdy sn pr AMdroN is`KW dy qIrW Aqy golIAW dI bOCwV nwl bhuq swry muZl &OjI mwry jWdy sn[ ijhVy muZl &OjI aunHW dy nyVy jWdy sn auh qW is`KW dIAW ikrpwnW dw hI Kwjw bx jWdy

sn[” muhMmd kwism hor ilKdw hY ik muZl &OjI ie`QoN qk duAw krdy rihMdy sn ik: “hy AlHw! bMdw isMG iksy qrIky nwl eyyQoN inkl jwvy qW jo swfI jwn bc sky[“^ccxiii

^w&I ^wn, muslmwn &OjIAW ivc PYly hoey fr Aqy dihSq bwry, ilKdw hY ik “jy kr gVHI iv`coN koeI ib`lI ku`qw bwhr inkldw qW mor-cwl ’qy nIAq kIqy hoey SwhI AwdmI ies nUM vI jwdU dw kwrw smJ ky dUroN hI qIr jW bMdUk nwl mwr su`tdy[” Xwin, muslmwn &OjI smJdy sn ik bMdw isMG jwdU jwxdw hY qy Swied auh ib`lI jW ku`qw bx ky inkl irhw hovy[

hux Abdus smd ^wn ny gurdws nMgl dy pUrb v`l morcy pu`t ley[ hux eyfI v`fI &Oj qy cwry pwsy Gyrw hox kwrn is`K dwxw-p`Tw AMdr nhIN sn iljw skdy[ jd vI auh bwhr AwauNdy qW muZl &OjW dy qIrW Aqy bMdUkW dI bOCwV dI mwr hyT Aw jWdy[ ienHW ivcoN kuJ ShId ho jWdy sn qy bwkIAW ƒ vwips gVHI ivc muVnw pYNdw sI[ ieM\ krdy sYNkVy is`K mwry jw cuky sn[ jUn dy pihly h&qy Abdus smd ^wn ny AYlwn jwrI kIqw ik jo vI &OjI iksy is`K dw isr ilAwvygw aus

ƒ 10 rupY eInwm idqy jwvgy[ ies nwl muZl &OjIAW ny A`gy vD ky is`KW nwl lVn dw ^qrw mu`l lYxw SurU kr idqw[^ccxiv

3 julweI nUM bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik ies ielwky ivc vxjwry bMdw isMG qy aus dy swQIAW nUM sUhW vI dyNdy sn Aqy Kwx-pIx dw swmnw dy nwl-nwl qIr Aqyy bMdUkW vI muh`eIAw krdy sn[ ieh vxjwry (ijhVy l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy tWfy ivc kMm krdy rhy sn) nUrpur dy rwjy

dXw DMmw (ienHW irportW ivc aus dw nW dXw Drmw qy dXw Dwqw iliKAw vI imldw hY) Aqy rwjw hIr cMd (Swied hmIr cMd kMboj) dy ielwikAW ivc rihMdy hn[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny ieqmwd-aul dOlw (b^SI-aul-mulk) nUM hukm kIqw ik lwhor dy nwizm, kwgVw dy iklHwdwr Aqy phwVI irAwsqW dy izmINdwrw (rwijAW) nUM ^q ilK id`qy jwx ik auh vxjwirAW nUM Awpxy ielwikAW

ivcoN nw lMGx idAw krnw[ jy auh PVy jwx qW aunHW nUM szwvW id`qIAW jwx[ ies nwl bwZIAW dIAW kwrvweIAW nMUM vI n`Q pvygI qy aunHW nUM Kwx dy swmwn dI kmI vI AwvygI[^ccxv

26 sqMbr nUM bwdSwh nUM disAw igAw ik hmIr cMd kMboj (ktoc), dXw DMmw (nUrpur), rwm isMh jmvwl, dyb cMd dyhxUvwl AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky Abdus smd ^wn kol Awp hwizr hoey sn qy bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muZlW dw swQ id`qw sI[ ieM\ hI audY isMh (isbIAw dw rwjw) qy dlIp isMh lokw ny Awpxy pRDwn &OjW sxy Abdus smd ^wn kol Byjy sn[ pr, mwDw sYx (mMfI dw rwjw), mwn isMh (ku`lU dw rwjw) Aqy hIrj (DIrj ?) pwl (mwlwbwr dw rwjw) nw qW Awp Awey qy nw hI aunHw ny AwpxIAW &OjW ByjIAW sn[ ieh iqMny rwjy bMdw isMG nwl dosqI rKdy sn[

ies ’qy bwdSwh ny ieqmwd-aul dOlw (b^SI-aul-mulk) nUM hukm kIqw ik auh lwhOr dy sUbydwr nUM ienHW ’qy kwrvweI krn vwsqy ilKy[^ccxvi

bMdw isMG qy is`KW dI hwlq

hux brswqW SurU ho geIAW sn, ijs nwl Agly do mhINny hor vI AOKw smW sI[ hux muZlW dI muihMm vI TMfI pY geI[ iek qW lVweI lMbI hox kwrn qy dUjw brswqW kwrn muZl vI iF`ly pY gey pr Aijhw jwpdw hY ik bMdw isMG ny AYvyN AVI kr leI sI vrnw ies mOky ’qy Gyrw cIr ky inkl jwx nwl Swied A`Dy kU is`K bc jwxy sn[ ieh cumwsw (meI qoN Agsq) Swied bcx dI koiSS krn dw Swied kuJ mOkw ho skdw sI[ pr bMdw isMG ny Aijhw nhIN kIqw[[ aunHW ny ieh nw soicAw ik hux ikqoN Anwj, Aslw jW mdd dI koeI Aws nhIN sI ho skdI[ ieM\ is`K pUrIAW grmIAW, pUrw cumwsw qy A`DIAW srdIAW (Xwin mwrc qoN nvMbr qk, qkrIbn 8 mhIny) gVHI ivc ruky rhy A^Ir auhI hoieAw ijs dw hr koeI ikAws kr skdw sI[ 7 dsMbr 1715 ƒ &Ysly dw idn Aw igAw[

gurdws nMgl ivc iGry is`KW ivcoN bhuq swry dsq-mroVW qy pIVW nwl mr gey…jd swrw Gwh mu`k igAw qW aunHW dr^qW dy p`qy iekTy kr ley[ jd ieh vI muk gey qW aunW ny dr^qW dy qxy iC`l ley qy ies ƒ sukw ky ies dw cUrw bxw ky ies ƒ vI ieM\ hI vriqAw[ kuJ dwAvw krdy hn ik aunHW ny kuJ auh is`K vI vyKy ijnW ny Awpxy p`t dw mws k`t ky qy aus ƒ BMun ky KwDw sI[

bMdw isMG Aqy aus dy swQI is`KW dI igR&qwrI

8 mhIny dy Gyry dOrwn hux aunHW kol Kwx vwsqy hvw qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN sI[ auh B`uK nwl inFwl ho gey sn qy aunW ivc ih`lx-ju`lx jogI siqAw vI nhIN sI rhI[ A^Ir, jd keI idnW qk gVHI ’coN koeI ihljul nw hoeI qW muZl &OjW dy iek hjUm ny iek dm h`lw bol id`qw[ A`gy ADmoey pey hoey do-cwr sO is`K nzr Awey, ijnHW ƒ aunHW ny “iZR&qwr” kr ilAw[ ienHW ivcoN ijhVw vI, zrw vI, ih`ilAw aus ƒ au~Qy hI kql kr idqw igAw[qkrIbn iqMn sO is`KW ƒ QWey cIr idqw igAw[ aunHW dw ^Un eynw vigAW ik ieM\ jwpdw sI ik auh ^Un dy qlwA ivc qYr rhy sn[

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik jd keI idn gVHI ivcoN koeI ihljul nw hoeI qW pOVIAW lwky muZl &OjI AMdr jw vVy sn: “gVHI qoN ijs vyly aus groh (is`KW) v`loN lVweI dI qwkq ^qm ho geI Aqy byh`d qMgI hox qy Bu`K dy hwvI hox sdkw, aunHW BYVI qbIAq vwilAW (is`KW) dy ijsmW dy AMg hrkq krnoN ht gey qy aunHW ivc qlvwrW auTwaux dI qwkq nw rhI, ie`QoN qk XkIn ho igAw ik auh koeI byhUdw bkvws vI nhIN mwr skdy (jYkwrw vI nhIN C`f

 

skdy), ieslwmI &Ojw dy ZwzI pOVIAW lw ky lmkdy joey Acwnk auprokq gVHI ivc jw vVy[ ikauN ik aunHW qbwh hwl vwilAW dy zvwl dw AMq nyVy pu`j cukw sI; ies vwsqy lVweI dw mOkw bxy ibnw hI auh BYVI qbIAq vwlw lwAnqI (bMdw isMG bhwdr) PiVAw igAw[ aus dy kwly mUMh

vwly inkMmy swQI, ijnHW ny jhwn Br nUM byGr kr C`ifAw sI, vI blwA dy jwl ivc Ps gey[ aunHW ivcoN iksy ny vI qlvwr nwl mukwblw nw kIqw…[”^ccxvii

dUjy pwsy iebrqnwmw dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism ilKdw hY ik “lwSW qy gMdgI dI bdbU kwrn

Aqy Bu`K kwrn inFwl hoey is`KW ny Awpxy Awp nUM igR&qwrI vwsqy ies Srq ’qy pyS kIqw ik aunHW nUM szwey-mOq nhIN id`qI jwvygI[”<sup>ccxviii</sup> ieho ijhI hI g`l imrzw muhMmd dy ‘iebrqnwmw’ ivc vI

ilKI imldI hY[ auh ilKdw hY ik is`KW ny Abdus smd ^wn nUM coKI rkm dI pySkS kIqI qW jo auh aunHW nUM au~QoN inklx vwsqy rwh dy dyvy[ pr jd ^wn nw mMinAw qW Bu“K qoN duKI ho ky is`KW ny

ies Srq ‘qy hiQAwr su`txy mnzUr kr ley ik aunHW nUM kql krn dI bjwey bwdSwh kol pyS kIqw jwvy qy jo bwdSwh szw dyvygw auh mnzUr krngy[^ccxix

muhMmd kwism Aqy imrzw muhMmd dovyN Zlq ilKdy hn ik is`KW ny Awpxy Awp nUM igR&qwrI vwsqy pyS kIqw[ aus hwlq ivc iksy is`K dw gVHI qoN bwhr Aw ky koeI pySkS krnw nwmumikn sI ikauN ik muZl &OjW nUM hdwieq sI ik jy koeI is`K au~Qy nzr Awvy qW aus nUM ausy vkq mwr id`qw jwvy[ aus hwlq ivc iksy muZl jrnYl jW &OjI nwl iksy is`K dI g`lbwq hoox dw socxw vI iblkul g`p hY[ dUjw, koeI somw nhIN kihMdw ik is`K h`Q KVHy kr ky jW ‘ic`tw JMfw’ h`Q ivc lY ky gVHI qoN bwhr Awey[ qIjw, ijhVw bwdSwh is`KW dw Kurw Koj imtwauxw cwhuMdw hY is`K ikvyN kih skdy hn ik jo auh &Yslw krygw auh swnUM mnzUr hovygw[ cOQw, ieh vI inrI g`p hY ik is`KW ny ^wn nUM v`fI rkm irSvq vjoN pyS kIqI sI[ is`KW kolo aus vyly isr& 600 rupY Aqy 23 muhrW sn (ijhVIAW aunHW dI igR&qwrI mgroN muZl &OjW dy h`Q AweIAW sn)[ pMjvW, jy is`KW ny hiQAwr su`ty sn qW muZlW ny ADmoey is`KW ivcoN zrw-mwsw ihl skx vwly A`Dy mwr ikauN id`qy sn[ so is`KW v`loN Awp igR&qwr hoxw inrw JUT hY[

^Yr igR&qwrI mgroN bMdw isMG ƒ ADmoey ƒ hI ausy vyly byVIAW Aqy sMglW nwl jkV idqw igAw[ ienHW swirAW ƒ BwrI &Oj dy Gyry ivc lwhOr iljwieAw igAw[ lwhOr dy bwzwrW ivc ienHW dw jlUs k`iFAw igAw[ Sihr dy muslmwnW ny ienHW ‘qy ie`tW-v`ty mwry[ ies mOky ‘qy bwiezId

^wn dI mW ny Awpxy Gr dI C`q qoN iek v`fw p`Qr ies jlUs ’qy su`itAw ijs nwl iek is`K kYdI dI mOq ho geI[ ies mgroN lwhOr dy sUbydwr ny kYdIAW nUM p`QrW qoN bxwaux vwsqy aunHW au~qy borIAW pw idqIAW[ (bwiezId ^wn dI mW v`loN p`Qr mwrn dI Gtnw isr& isAwrul muqw^rIn dy lyKk ny hI ilKI hY, pr auh bwiezId ^wn nUM srhMd dw swbkw sUbydwr ilKdw hY, jo Zlq hY[ bwiezId ^wn jMmU dw &Ojdwr sI)[

ienHW is`K kYdIAW ƒ &Oj dI ingrwnI ivc nUV ky r`iKAw igAw[ ienHW dy pYrW ivc byVIAW, glW ivc qOk, l`k nwl jMzIrW bMnH ky, l`k dy sMgl nwl 2-2, 3-3 nUM bMnH ky g`ifAW ’qy su`itAw hoieAw sI[ mgroN ienHW nUM aUTW Aqy g`ifAW ’qy l`d ky, brwsqw srhMd, id`lI Byjx dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ ies dI bwdSwh ƒ ^br pMj idn ivc hI, 12 dsMbr 1715 ƒ, puj geI sI[ iek somy muqwibk ienHW igR&qwr is`KW dI igxqI isr& do-iqMn sO hI sI[ ienHW idnW ivc bhuq swry hor is`K vI igR&qwr kr ky ienHW ivc Swiml kr idqy gey[ ies mgroN vI mwry gey hor is`KW dy isr vI id`lI iljwx vwly stwk ivc Swiml kr ley gey[ lwhOr ivc is`KW dy isr& 700 isr

sn jo id`lI phuMcx qk 2000 ho cuky sn[ ieh swrw kuJ ies kr ky kIqw igAw sI qW jo bwdSwh nUM v`fI kwrguzwrI idKweI jw sky[^ccxx

gurdws nMgl dI gVHI Aqy ShId hoey is`KW qoN imly hiQAwr ieh sn: SmSIrW 1000, FwlW 278, kmwxW-B`Qy 173, bMdUkW 180, ktwrW 114, gwqry vwlIAW ikrpwnW 217, sony dy gihxy kuJ kU, muhrW 23, rupY 6 sO qoN kuJ vD[ bs…[ ieh hiQAwr bwdSwh kol pyS kIqy gey sn qy aus dy hukm ‘qy srkwrI ^zwny ivc jmHw krvw idqy gey sn[

bwdSwh &r`^sIAr ny ^uSIAW mnweIAW

bwdSwh &r`^sIAr ƒ bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI dI ^br jd 12 dsMbr ƒ imlI qW aus ny do vwr nmwz pVHI Aqy v`fy jSn mnwaux dw AYlwn kIqw[ aus ny id`lI ivc muinAwdI krvw ky ies

dw AYlwn vI kIqw[ bwdSwh ny cwr bory is`ikAW (pYisAW) dy Br ky hwQI ’qy r`K ky, ienHW is`ikAW dI Sihr ivc sot krvweI[^ccxxi

bMdw isMG, aus dw cwr swl dw bytw AjY isMG, aus dI cMby vwlI pqnI qy iek golI Aqy 740 igR&qwr is`KW qoN ielwvw do hzwr* dy krIb is`KW dy isr lY ky Abdus smd ^wn dw p`uqr (qy muhMmd AmIn ^wn dw juAweI) zkrIAw ^wn Awp id`lI p`ujw[ ShId isMGW dy isrW ƒ s`q sO g`ifAW au~qy l`idAw hoieAw sI[ bMdw isMG nUM spYSl iqAwr kIqy gey ipMjry ivc byVIAW sxy qMun idqw igAw qy hwQI ’qy rK ky ies ƒ id`lI ilAWdw igAw sI[ bMdw isMG bhwdr qoN muZl eynw

frdy sn ik ipMjry ivc pw ky vI aus dy ip`Cy iek qkVw ispwhI nMgI qlvwr dy ky KVw kr riKAw igAw sI qW jo ikqy auh ipMjry ivcoN inkl ky auf hI nw jwvy[<sup>ccxxii</sup> muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY ik zkrIAw ^wn 40 hzwr is`KWdIAW K`lW lY ky igAw sI[^ccxxiii

is`K kYdIAW dw ieh jlUs 27 &rvrI 1716 dy idn id`lI dy bwhrvwr ipMf Agrwbwd kol pu`jw[ 29 &rvrI 1716 nUM ienHW kYdIAW dw id`lI ivc jlUs k`iFAw igAw[ jlUs dy sB qoN A`gy iek bYNf vwjw jw irhw sI[ ieh jlUs id`lI dy nyVy dy ipMf Agrwbwd qoN SurU ho ky, 10 iklomItr dUr, lwl iklHw qk iljwieAw igAw[ ies bYNf dy ip`Cy do hzwr is`KW dy isr, ijnHW nUM qUVI Br ky bWsW qy ltkwieAw hoieAw sI, jw rhy sn[ ienHW dy isrW dy vwl KulHy r`Ky hoey sn qW jo lok pCwx skx ik ieh is`KW dy hI isr hn[ ienHW dI igxqI vDwaux vwsqy kuJ AOrqW dy isr v`F ky vI Swiml kr id`qy gey sn jo lMby vwlW kwrn is`K hI jwpdIAW sn[

ies mgroN iek lMby bWs ’qy mrI hoeI ib`lI ltkweI hoeI sI ijs dw mqlb ieh sI ik is`KW dy GrW ivc ienswn qW kI koeI mirAw hoieAw jwnvr vI nhIN irhw[ ies ib`lI dy ip`Cy iek hwQI sI ijs au~qy r`Ky hoey ipMjry ivc bMdw isMG sI[

bMdw isMG dw mzwk aufwaux vwsqy aus nUM iek lwVy vWg sunihrI zrI vwlI lwl p`g, Anwr dy &u`lW dy rMg dw SwhI cogw pwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus dy isr ’qy iek lkVI dw KoKw-numw iqMn-cwr iklo im`tI nwl Br ky r`iKAw hoieAw sI, ijs dy Bwr nwl auh grdn JukweI tyFw bYTw hoieAw sI[ bMdw isMG BwvyN ipMjry ivc bMd sI pr iPr vI aus dy ip`Cy nMgI qlvwr h`Q ivc PV ky iek ispwhI KVHw kIqw hoieAw sI ikauN ik muZl frdy sI ik ikqy bMdw jwdU nwl au~f hI nw jwvy[

bMdw isMG vwly hwQI dy ip`Cy 740 kYdI sn[ ienHW dy mUMhW ’qy kwl^ mlI hoeI sI[ aunHW dw iek-iek h`Q grdn dy ip`Cy kr ky iSkMjy ivc k`s ky bMinHAw hoieAw sI[ aunHW dy isrW ’qy kwZzW dIAW KoKw-topIAW r`KIAW hoeIAW sn qy aunHW dy ijsmW ’qy ByfW dI K`l lpytI hoeI sI[ aunHW dw ieh rUp aunHW dw mzwk aufwaux Aqy aunHW dI byiezqI krn vwsqy bxwieAw igAw sI[ aunHW nUM do-do kr ky kwTIAW qoN s`Kxy aUTW au~qy ibTwieAw (drAsl l`idAw) hoieAw sI[

ies jlUs dy ip`Cy muhMmd AmIn ^wn, aus dw p`uqr kmr-aud-dIn ^wn Aqy zkrIAw ^wn (puqr Abdus smd ^wn) jyqUAW vWg AwkV-AwkV ky cl rhy sn[

ieh jlUs lwhOrI gyt dy rsqy id`lI Sihr ivc dwi^l hoieAw (ierivn, ijld dUjI, s&w

316)[ ies jlUs nUM vyKx vwsqy swrI id`lI sVkW ’qy AweI hoeI sI[ Sihr ivc koeI vI S^s

AYsw nhIN sI irhw ijs ny ieh nzwrw vyiKAw nw hovy[ l`KW lokW dIAW BIVW kwrn eynI Gutx sI ik ies mOky ‘qy swh lYxw vI muSikl hoieAw ipAw sI[ lok is`KW nUM mzwk kr rhy sn, qwAny dy rhy sn, gwlHW k`F rhy sn, aunHW dI qoey-qoey kr rhy sn, byie`zqI kr rhy sn qy aunHW v`l vyK ky koJIAW sYnqW kr rhy sn[ keI lok hU-hU kr ky qwVIAW mwr rhy sn qy ^uSI ivc KIvy ho ky n`c rhy sn[ pr is`KW dy ichirAW ’qy zrw ijMnI vI mwXUsI, iSkn, pIV jW A&sos nhIN sI[

auh Awpxy Awp nUM hwry hoey nhIN sn mihsUs krdy[ auh Sbd gw rhy sn qy vwihgurU dw jwp krdy jw rhy sn[ aunHW nUM vyK ky ieM\ jwpdw sI ik ijvyN aunHW nUM kuJ vI nw hoieAw hovy[^ccxxiv

 

muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI ilKdw hY: aus iek`T ivcoN iek AwdmI surIlI Awvwz nwl nkSw bMnH irhw sI (Sbd gw irhw sI) qy kih irhw sI ik “^udw dw Sukr hY ik AsIN AmlW dy Gr

(ies dunIAW) nUM nwSvr Gr pwieAw qy ieh g`l XkIn dy nyVy hY ik AsIN (mOq mgroN) sdIvI

izMdgI dw AnMd lvWgy”[ BYVy idl vwiAW dy aus toly ivcoN koeI AwdmI vI pUrI szw imlx qy ies BwrI durGtnw dy bwvjUd, mQy ’qy v`t nhIN pw irhw sI Aqy swry iKVy m`Qy jw rhy sn[^ccxxv

jd bMdw isMG nUM bwdSwh &r`^sIAr kol pyS kIqw igAw sI[ bwdSwh ny bMdw isMG nUM

pu`iCAw ik “qUM Awpxy vwsqy ikho ijhI mOq cuxyNgw?” ies ’qy bMdw isMG ny iek dm ikhw “ijho ijhI bwdSwh AwpxI mOq cwhvygw[’<sup>ccxxvi</sup> auN\, mgroN &r`^sIAr nUM vI auhI mOq imlI sI ijhVI

aus ny bMdw isMG nUM id`qI sI; &r`^sIAr nUM pihlW AMnHw kIqw igAw qy iPr kuJ smyN mgroN mwr vI id`qw igAw sI[

igR&qwr is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw hukm

5 mwrc 1716 dy idn bwdSwh ny srbrwh ^wn koqvwl ƒ hukm id`qw ik bMdw isMG Aqy aus dy ^ws 17 swQIAW ƒ C`f ky bwkI dy hr roz iek-iek sO kr ky kql kr id`qy jwx[ iesy idn ienHW dw kqlyAwm SurU ho igAw[ aunHW nUM muslmwn bxn dI Srq ’qy jwn b^SI dI pySkS kIqI geI, pr iek vI is`K muslmwn bxn vwsqy rwzI nw hoieAw[ auh swry ‘vwihgurU vwihgurU’ kihMdy hoey ShId ho gey[ auh qW sgoN ieh kihMdy rhy ‘mukqw (mukq krn vwlw, Xwin j`lwd), mYnUM

pihloN ShId kr[’ ieh ShIdIAW audoN dI koqvwlI dy bwhr, cWdnI cOk ivc, hoeIAW sn[^ccxxvii ies sbMDI id`lI ivc rih rhy &ort ivlIAm, klk`qw, dy gvrnr dy numwieMidAW

jOhn sUrmn Aqy AYfvrf stI&nsn (do AMgryzW) ny 10 mwrc 1716 nUM Awpxy gvrnr nUM ilKI iek ic`TI ivc ienHW ShIdIAW dw A`KIN if`Tw hwl ienHW l&zW ivc ibAwn kIqw sI:

“The great Rebel Gooroo who has been for these past 20 years so troublesome to the

Subaship of Lahore, is at length taken with all his family and attendance by Abd-us-Samad Cawn, the Suba of that province. Some days ago they entered the city laden with fetters, his whole atendance which were left alive being about seven hundred and eighty, all severally mounted on camels which were sent out of the city for that purpose, besides about two thousand heads struck upon poles, being those who died by the sword in battle. He was carried into the presence of the King, and from thence to a close prison. He, at present, has his life prolonged with most of his mutsuddys, in hope to get an account of his treasure in the several parts of his kingdom and of those who assisted him, when afterwards he will be executed; for the rest there are 100 each day beheaded. It is not a little remarkable with what patience they undergo their fate, and to the last it has not been found that one apostatised from his new formed Religion”.

srUp dws B`lw (mihmw pRkwS ivc) ienHW igR&qwr is`KW ivc kwhn isMG qryhn nUM vI Swiml krdw hY[ aus muqwibk kwhn isMG nUM gurU AMgd swihb dI inSwnI smJ ky bcwA ilAw igAw sI qy aus dI QW iek Awm is`K nUM (kurbwnI dw bkrw bxwaux vwsqy) hvwlwq ivc phuMcw id`qw igAw sI[ ieh khwxI g`p qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN[ pihlI g`l qW aus hwlq ivc ieh ho skxw nwmumikn sI qy dUjw kwhn isMG nUM bcwaux dI ^wiqr iek is`K nUM Pswauxw bVI GtIAw g`l bxdI hY[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny qW cmkOr dI gVHI ivc Awpxy pu`qr vI nhIN sn bcwey[

(drAsl kwhn isMG igR&qwr hoey is`KW ivc Swiml nhIN sI[ ieh khwxI aus nUM ‘hIro’ bxwaux vwsqy GVI geI sI[

700 is`KW dw kqlyAwm

700 qoN vD is`KW nUM cWdnI cOk ivc, 100-110 hr roz kql kr ky, 6 qoN 12 mwrc qk ShId kr id`qw igAw[ aunHW dIAW lwSW dy tukVy kr ky id`lI Sihr ivc cwry pwsy ltkw id`qy gey qW jo lokW ivc dihSq PYlweI jw sky[ kuJ hI idnW ivc ienHW lwSW dy tukiVAW dw mws

igrJW ny Kw ilAw pr ienHW dy ipMjr qy h`fIAW kw&I dyr qk ltkdIAW rhIAW[ muslmwnW dy b`cy ienHW h`fIAW nUM vI p`Qr mwr-mwr ky Awpxw gu`sw is`KW ’qy k`Fdy rhy[^ccxxviii

ies dy nwl hI bwdSwh ny bMdw isMG qy aus dy 17 swQIAW ƒ it`kw rwm dy spurd krn dw hukm idqw[ bMdw isMG dI cMby vwlI byZm, aus dy pu`qr AjY isMG qy aunHW dI iek golI nUM drbwr ^wn nwizr dI kYd ivc Byj idqw igAw[ s`q mwrc ƒ mumqwz ^wn A^qr byZI ny Abdus smd

^wn v`loN Byjy 16 GoVy-GoVIAW bwdSwh ƒ ByNt kIqy[ ienHW ivcoN 3 GoVy qy 6 GoVIAW bMdw isMG dIAW sn[

^w&I ^wn ieh vI ilKdw hY ik kuJ lokW ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM iml ky bMdw isMG dI irhweI bdly v`fI rkm pyS krn dI g`l vI CyVI sI pr aus ny ieh g`l suxn qoN vI nWh kr idqI sI[ bwkI qvwrI^I soimAW dw muqlIAw krn qoN ^w&I ^wn dI ieh g`l inrw JUT jwpdI hY[

bMdw isMG qy aunHW dy byty dI ShIdI

bMdw isMG qy aus dy bwkI swQIAW nUM iqMn mhIny bhuq qsIhy idqy gey[ aunHW nUM muslmwn bxn dI sUrq ivc jwn-b^SI dI pySkS kIqI geI[ 9 jUn 1716 dy idn bwdSwh ny hukm idqw ik iebrwhIm-aud-dIn (mIr-AwiqS) Aqy srbrwh ^wn koqvwl bMdw isMG ƒ iqrpolIAw dy iklyH ivcoN KÍwjw kuqb-aud-dIn dI drgh dy nyVy lY jwx Aqy aus ƒ qsIhy dy ky kql kr dyx[ bwdSwh dw hukm sI ik aus dI zbwn k`tI jwvy, A`KW k`FIAW jwx qy aus dI cmVI auDyV idqI jwey[ aus dIAW h`fIAW qoN mws noicAw jwvy qy aus dy p`uqr ƒ vI kql kr idqw jwvy[ bwdSwh dw hukm, ik bMdy nUM pihlW Awpxw pu`qr kql krn vwsqy ikhw jwvy, dw izkr isr& ^w&I ^wn hI krdw hY[

bwdSwh dy hukm muqwibk bMdw isMG, aus dw pu`qr Aqy bwkI is`K Kvwjw kuqbdIn dI drgh kol, mihrolI ivc, iljwey gey[ pihlW ienHW is`KW ƒ bhwdr Swh dI kbr dy duAwly GMumwieAw

igAw qy iPr kql krn vwlI QW ilAWdw igAw[ A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw ivc ienHW dI igxqI 18 d`sI geI hY[^ccxxix kwmvr ienHW dI igxqI sqwrW ilKdw hY, pr kql vyly ienHW dI

igxqI 26 dsdw hY, jo shI nhIN hY[

gxyS dws vfHyrw muqwibk^ccxxx kql qoN pihlW ienHW swirAW ƒ muslmwn bxn dI Srq ’qy jwn muAw&I dI pySkS kIqI geI pr iek vI is`K ny ieh pySkS kbUl nw kIqI qy sB ny ‘vwhgurU vwhgurU’ AwK ky AwpxI grdn j`lwd muhry kr ky ShId hoxw mnzUr kIqw (AW igR&qwrwin byZm ^ud grdn pyiS j`lwdW mI inhwdMd[ v vwhgurU vwhgurU goXW jW mI dwdMd)[

sB qoN pihlW bMdw isMG nUM ipMjry iv`coN k`F ky zmIn ’qy ibTwieAw igAw[ iPr aus dw s`jw h`Q Awzwd kr ky aus ivc Curw PVwieAw igAw qy aus nUM Awpxy cwr swl dy pu`qr AjY isMG nUM kql krn vwsqy ikhw igAw (AjY isMG dI aumr sohn lwl sUrI Cy swl qy ^w&I ^wn s`q-A`T swl ilKdw hY jo Zlq hY)[ ies vyly bMdw isMG cupcwp Afol bYTw irhw[ ies ’qy j`lwd ny aus dy pu`qr ƒ kql kIqw igAw Aqy aus dw klyjw bMdw isMG dy mMUh ivc D`kx dI koiSS kIqI[ bMdw isMG mUMh Gu`t ky bYTw irhw[ muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI muqwibk “pihlW aus dy b`cy dw bMd-bMd k`itAw igAw, pr aus ny koeI hr& AwpxI zubwn ’qy nw ilAWdw[ AwpxI A`K ivcoN hMJU kyrnw

qW  iek  pwsy  irhw  blik  m`Qy  v`t qk  nw  pwieAw  qy  muskurwaux  vwlw  mUMh  bxieAw  hoieAw

_s[”ccxxxi

bMdw isMG dy b`cy nUM kql krn mgroN iek qyzDwr hiQAwr nwl bMdw isMG dI s`jI A`K k`FI geI qy iPr K`bI A`K dw fylw vI k`F idqw igAw[ ies mgroN aus dw K`bw pYr qy iPr s`jw pYr v`Fy gey[ Aglw vwr aus dy dohW h`QW ’qy kIqw igAw[ ies mgroN jMbUrW nwl aus dw mws noicAw igAw qy A^Ir iek hQOVw mwr ky aus dw isr vI Pyh idqw igAw[ ies mgroN aus dI lwS dy

tukVy-tukVy kr idqy gey[

ies vyly koqvwl srbrwh ^wn Aqy mIr AwiqS iebrwhIm ^wn Awp hwizr sn[^ccxxxii iek irvwieq muqwibk ausy rwq Amr isMG kMboj KymkrnI bMdw isMG dy isr ’qy bMnHI lwl p`g

ivc aus dI lwS dy tukVy iek`Ty kr Foty dy tWfy (jMmU prgxw) ivc swihb kOr (pqnI bMdw isMG) kol lY igAw ij`Qy aus dw sskwr kr idqw[

(g`pW ilKx vwlw ilKwrI) igAwnI igAwn isMG bMdw isMG nUM hwQI ip`Cy bMnH ky GsIt ky mwrn dI g`l ilKdw hY[ aus muqwibk “swrw idn GsItx mgroN, bMdw isMG nUM mirAw jwx ky, jmnw dirAw dI q`qI qvI ’qy (Xwin bryqI ivc) su`t idqw igAw qW jo aus dI lwS nUM kW ku`qy Kw jwx[ pr iek PkIr ny aus nUM hoS ivc lY AWdw” (igAwnI igAwn isMG dI g`l bVI AjIb hY ik muZl &Oj ny muV ky auDr c`kr vI nw lwieAw qy muV ky aus dI lwS dw pqw vI nw kIqw[ ies ihswb nwl jmnw nyVy koeI muslmwn vI nhIN vsdw sI jo ies dI ^br srkwr nUM dyNdw)[ igAwnI igAwn isMG muqwibk “bMdw isMG TIk hox mgroN kSmIr v`l inkl igAw qy Awrwm nwl rihx lg ipAw” (qy koeI j`dojihd nhIN kIqI)[ mgroN, igAwnI igAwn isMG bMdw isMG nUM, 1741 ivc, Awm mOqy mirAw idKWdw hY[

igAwnI igAwn isMG bwry BweI krm isMG ihstorIAn AwpxI ikqwb ‘bwbw bMdw isMG’ ivc ilKdw hY: “is`KW dI bdiksmqI ik ienHW dy ieiqhws ilKwrI igAwnI igAwn isMG hoey[” lyK ‘AblwvW qy is`K’ ivc krm isMG ihstorIAn ilKdy hn: “…igAwnI igAwn isMG nUM g`pW mwrn dw SOk sI…[”

bMdw isMG dy bwkI swQIAW ƒ Agly idn 10 jUn nUM ShId kr idqw igAw[ ienHW ivc bwz isMG, BgvMq isMG, kuier isMG, Swm isMG, nwhr isMG, Syr isMG, Albyl isMG, rwm isMG prmwr, AwlI isMG, mwlI isMG, gulwb isMG b^SI, rwey isMG hzUrI vI Swiml sn[ BweI &qih isMG pihlW hI ShId ho cukw sI[

bMdw isMG Aqy is`KW dy ibAwn

jd bMdw isMG ƒ id`lI ilAWdw igAw qW aus dIAW kuJ g`lW muslmwn ilKwrIAW ny klmbMd kIqIAW sn[ ^w&I ^wn ilKdw hY: muhMmd AmIn ^wn aus ƒ p`uiCAw ik qYƒ iks kr ky ies jMg vwsqy mjbUr hoxw ipAw qW bMdw isMG ny jvwb idqw:

“jd (r`b qoN) bymuKqw qy pwp h`doN vD jWdy hn qW s`cw r`b ienHW pwpW dw &l Bugqwx vwsqy

myry vrgw bMdw muk`rr kr dyNdw hY qW jo aus jmwq dy krmW dI szw dyx dw kwrx bxy[ jdoN auh dunIAW ƒ aujwVnw cwhMudw hY qW auh dyS ƒ zwilmW dy pMjy ivc dy dyNdw hY[”^ccxxxiii

muhMmd hwrsI iebrqnwmw ivc ilKdw hY ik jd koeI is`K kYdIAW ƒ kihMdw ik ‘quhwƒ qW mwr dyxgy’ qW auh jvwb dyNdy:

“ibkuSyd! mw Az kuSqn kY mI qrsym? v Agr mI qrsIdym; icrw bw Sumw eIN kdr jMghw mI krdym! v mw mhz b-sb`b gursngI v &`kdwin AwzUkw b -dsiq Sumw au&qwdym! v ie`lw hkIkq bhwdrI-mw zXwdw Az AWich dId AwXd, m`wlUm Sumw mI Sud!” (“mwro inSMg! AsIN koeI mrnoN frdy AW? jy frdy huMdy qW quhwfy nwl eynI Gor jMg ikauN krdy[ AsIN qW B`uK qy ^urwk dI QuV kwrx quhwfy kwbU Aw gey AW; nhIN qW swfI bhwdrI dI hkIkq jo qusIN vyKI hY, eydoN vD quhwƒ mwlUm ho jWdI)[”

is`K nOjvwn dw AYlwn: “ieh myrI mW nhIN hY”

ies mOky ’qy iek hor AcMBw vI hoieAw[ iek nOjvwn is`K dI mW, imMnqW kr ky, rqn cMd dIvwn dI mdd nwl, v`fy vzIr seIAd Abdu`lw ^wn kol puj geI Aqy aus ny, ieh JUT bol ky ik ‘myrw pu`qr is`K nhIN hY’, Awpxy p`uqr dI irhweI dI ic`TI vsUl kr leI[ jd auh AOrq aus ic`TI ƒ lY ky j`lwd kol AweI qy ikhw ik ‘myrw puqr is`K nhIN hY ies ƒ C`f idqw jwvy[ mYN v`fy vzIr dw hukm lY AweI hW[’ ieh sux ky aus dw puqr cIK ipAw qy kihx lgw,“mn nmy dwnm ik eIN mwdr kIsq; v eIN A`rUs Az kujw Awvurdw! v eIN icgUnw su^nhwie mI goXd! r&Ikwin mn guzSqMd; v AknUM vkiq mw Az dsq mI rvd[ v eIN muhlq bwie~is Awzwir mwsq!! (mYN nhIN jwxdw ik ieh mW iks dI hY; qy ieh vhutI ik`QoN ilAweI hY! Aru ieh ikho ijhIAW g`lW peI krdI AY! myry swQI lMG gey ny; qy hux myrw vkq h`QoN jw irhw hY ieh GVI (ip`Cy rihxw)

myry vwsqy duKdweI hY[”
muMq^bul lubwb  muqwibk ieh nOjvwn bMdw isMG dw swQI sI pr qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI	dw
lyKk ies mMufy ƒ bMdw isMG dw swQI nhIN blik aunHIN idnIN ikqoN hor PiVAw iek Awm	is`K

dsdw hY[ aus muqwibk ieh nOjvwn ivAwh krvw ky AwieAw sI qy aus nUM is`K hox kr ky igR&qwr kr ky bMdw isMG dy swQIAW nwl Swiml kr ilAw igAw sI[ aus dI mW qy aus dI vhutI ny &Ojdwr A`gy &irAwd kIqI sI[ pr qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI dw lyKk aus nOjvwn is`K dI ShIdI dw bwkI vyrvw (ik auh muMfw ‘ieh myrI mW nhIN hY’ kihMdw hY) auh vI iehI dyNdw hY[

bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI ’qy eInwmW dy g`Py

bwbw bMdw isMG Aqy is`KW nUM ‘igR&qwr’ krn dy bdly Abdus smd ^wn nUM bwdSwh ny ^Ub eInwmW dI JVI lw ky invwijAw igAw[ aus nUM Cy hzwr dw mnsb id`qw igAw Aqy iek sjI hoeI

pwlkI, keI hwQI qy GoVy, bhuq swry gihxy, hIirAW dI lVI (dsqwr nwl ltkwaux vwsqy), iek jVwaU jwmw, iek hIirAW dw hwr qy pMjwb dy keI prgny eInwm ivc id`qy gey[^ccxxxiv

lohgVH iklHw iks ny FwihAw qy ies nUM Fwhux ivc ikMnw smW l`gw?

muZl bwdSwh Aqy muZl &OjW dy jrnYl sFOrw Aqy lohgVH ikilHAW qoN bhuq fry hoey sn[ sFOrw dw iklHw aunHW ny sqMbr 1713 ivc Fwhuxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ lohgVH ikLHy bwry aunHW nUM hr vyly ^O& rihMdw sI ik jy is`KW ny ies iklHy ‘qy Pyr kbzw kr ilAw qW muZl &Oj dy hzwrW ispwhIAW nUM ie`Qy Pyr fwh ky, swlW b`DI j`dojihd kr ky qy hzwrW &OjI mrvw Aqy bhuq v`fw ^rcw kr ky vI sdIvI kbzw nhIN iml skxw, ikauN ik is`KW nUM AwpxIAW &OjI ZlqIAW dw iehsws ho cukw hoxw hY qy aunHW ny aunHW qoN bcx vwsqy aupwA kr lYxgy qy auh kdy vI Aw ky kwbz ho jwxgy[ ies kr ky &OjI jrnYlW dy suJwA ’qy muZl bwdSwh ny ies iklHy nUM Fwhux vwsqy hukm jwrI kr id`qy[

ies iklHy nUM Fwhux dI izMmydwrI mMifAwlw ipMf (AMimRqsr Aqy Jubwl, dohW qoN 13 iklomItr duUr) dy cODrI mUsw-aul-^wn, ijs nUM is`K m`sw rMGV kr ky jwxdy hn, nUM id`qI geI[ (ies nUM mgroN, 11 Agsq 1740 dy idn su`Kw isMG qy mihqwb isMG ny drbwr swihb dI hdUd ivc kql kIqw sI)[ bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ShIdI (9 jUn 1716) qoN mgroN ieh iklHw FwihAw jwxw SurU hoieAw[ ies kwrj vwsqy sYNkVy muZl ispwhI Aqy hzwrW mzdUr ilAWdy gey[ aunHW ny iek-iek phwV nUM XUint bxw ky iklHy dIAW dIvwrW, moricAW, nIhW Aqy rsiqAW nUM FwihAw jwxw SurU kIqw igAw[

audoN ies ielwky ivc l`KI rwey vxjwrw hyT kMm krn vwly hzwrW lok, ijnHW ivc &OjI vI sn (jo tWifAW dI rwKI vwsqy nwl cldy sn) Aqy rwj imsqrI vI sn (ijnHW ny jW ijHW dy v`fy-vfyirAW ny ieh iklHw bxwieAw sI) Aqy hiQAwr bxwaux vwly isklIgr vI sn[ aunHW dy t`br vI eyQy rihMdy sn[ muZlW ny iklHy dy iek-iek pVwA, iek-iek morcy nUM qoV ky, ienHw swry ipMfW ’qy iek-iek kr ky kzbw kr ilAw hovygw Aqy ie`QoN dy vwsI, ijnHW nUM l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy tWfy nwl sbMDq hox kr ky ‘vxjwry’ vI ikhw jWdw sI, nUM Aqy aunHW dy t`brW nUM kql kr ky, jW aunHW nUM DmkIAW dy ky eyQoN Bjw id`qw hovygw Aqy mgroN ienHW muZl ispwhIAW Aqy mzdUrW nUM ie`Qy vsw id`qw igAw[ ies ielwky ivc 1716 qk iek vI muslmwn nhIN rihMdw sI qy ieh swrI zmIn l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI sI[

mukwmI lokW muqwibk m`sw rMGV ny ie`Qy ipMf mCrOlI ivc Awpxw iklHw-numw mihl bxwieAw Aqy auh ie`Qy rih ky 20 swl qoN vD smW iklHw FuhwauNdw irhw[ ijs iklHy nUM bxwaux ivc 60-70 swl l`gy hox aus nU Fwhux vwsqy vI Gto-Gt aus qoN A`Dw smW qW lgxw cwhIdw hY[ mCrOlI ipMf ivc m`sw rMGV dy mihl dIAW inSwnIAW A`j vI mOjUd hn[ lohgVH Fwhux vwsqy ilAWdy ipwhI qy mzdUr ijs ipMf ivc rihMdy hox, Swied aunHW kr ky hI aus ipMf dww nW muZlvwlI cl ipAw hovy[ hux ijMny vI muslmwn ies ielwky ivc rihMdy hn auh aunHW muZl ispwhIAW Aqy mzdUrW dy vMSj hn ijnHW nUM 1716 qy 1740 dy ivckwr jW aus qoN mgroN ie`Qy ilAWdw igAw sI[

lohgVH qy sFOrw p`tI dy 50 qoN vD ipMf l`KI rwey dI jwiedwd sn qy au~Qy aus dy mulwzm vxjwry rihMdy sn[ muZlW ny iklHw Fwhux vwsqy ilAWdy muslmwn mzdUrW nUM l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI zmIn Aqy aus dy muzwry ‘vxjwrw’ rwjpUqW dIAW zmInW ’qy vsw id`qw sI[ ies dy bwvjUd vI

kuJ ipMfW ivc vxjwry rwjpUq rih gey sn[ ieh Swied auh hoxgy ijnHW ny muslmwnW nwl imlvrqx kIqw hovygw jW aunHW dw twkrw nw kIqw hovygw jW aunHW dy mzwirAW vwlw rol Adw kIqw hovgw[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik kuJ swlW mgroN hwlwq SWq hox mgroN kuJ ‘vxjwrw’ rwjpUq vwips prq Awey hox[ A`j vI bhuq swry ipMfW ivc bhuq swry vxjwry qy isklIgr rihMdy hn[ ieh swry gurU nwnk nwm-lyvw hn qy Awpxy Awp nUM is`K kihMdy hn[ Aj vI keI ipMf vxjwirAW dy ipMf hn, ijvyN eISrgVH, iesmwielwbwd, lohwrw, bIr sONqI, hrIpur mwjrI, KYrw, isMmlvwr, nKrojpr, BukrI, PwlSWdw, lwfvw, rauVkI, mMf KyVI, id`lI kw mwjrw, dyvI dws purw, nvwrsI

(izlHw kurukSyqr), ibgwV (&qhbwd), bwlsolw, nwnkpurw, nvW ngr (ipMjOr nwlwgVH mwrg ’qy), Syrpr, b`krvwlw, klysr, suMdr bhwdrpur, nOSihrw, iblwspur, bUVIAw, kuMjwl, brUfw (izlHw jmnwngr), im`Twpur, sgrwnI, ^wnpur, gnOlI (izlHw AMbwlw), rwiepur rwxI, Swhpur, rauVkI, cOkI, nwfw, Pqhpur, rYlI, kuMfI, sUrjpur, rwjIpur, ipMjOr, prympurw, kIrqpur, mOlwvwlI, krnpur, kraulI, kraul Pqh isMG, kraul maulw (izlHw pMckUlw)[ ies qoN ielwvw izlHw krnwl ivc (sMgoeI, Bwrw gwEN, klvwhI, myhqwmwtI, nyvwl, tIkrI, sugrI, Cwprw, dilAwnpur Awidk), crKI dwdrI, iBvwnI, rohqk, guVgwEN, koswlI, byhrI, gohwnw, mhyNdrgVH, nwrnOl, sonIpq, pwnIpq, GrONfw Awid ivc vI rihMdy hn[ ihmWcl ivc kyAwrdw, ptilEN, ikSnpur, Qwplpur (ij`Qy gurU hr rwie swihb 1645 qoN 1657 qk, qkrIbn 13 swl rhy sn qy ijs dw hux nW Gutnpur hY), isMGpurw, B`tvwlI, bMnyvwlI, molokvwlI, brotIvwlw, hrIpur, &qhbwd, ivkws ngr, slwKoeI, ivkrm bwZ Awid)[ pMjwb ivc vI ienHW dy bhuq ipMf hn, ijvyN: tWfI, nvW gwEN (cMfIgVH dy nwl, qihsIl KrV), msolI, ArwaulI, dwsovwlw, lubwngVH, auifAwvwlw, tWfw (qihsIl mwCIvwVw), mwdvwVw (qihsIl ropV), byht (qihsIl luiDAwxw) pMjwb, hirAwxw Aqy ihmWcl qoN ielwvw auqr pRdyS ivc tWfw (izlHw rwmpur) Aqy auqrwKMf ivc tWfw nW dy ipMfW ivc vI bhuq vxjwry rih rhy hn[ ieh swry Aj vI Awpxy jnm, ivAwh, mOq dy sMskwr is`K irvwieqW muqwibk hI krdy hn[

ieh vI sw& nzr AwauNdw hY ik ie`Qy muslmwn mzdUrW ivcoN QoVHy ijhy hI rih gey hoxgy ikauN ik 1852 dy irkwrfW ivc vI ieh jgh jMgl, ZYr Awbwd, ZYr-kwSq zmIn d`sI geI hY ijs ivc AbwdI dw koeI izkr nhIN hY[ ienHW ipMfW dI Asl c`kbMdI AMgryzI inzwm ivc hoeI sI[

lohgVH qy sFOrw iklHy Fwhy jwx qoN mgroN dy hwlwq

ikhw jWdw hY ik l`KI rwey vxjwrw kol Swhjhwn dy vyly 4 hzwr dw mnsb vI sI (AQr

AlI dI ikqwb ‘muZl noibiltI AMfr AOrMgzyb’ ivc drjnW ihMdU rwjpUqW Aqy mrh`itAW dy mnsbW dw izkr hY, pr, iksy vI is`K dw nW nhIN hY)[ pr, l`KI rwey vxjwrw kol Gto-Gt 3 l`K auT, hwQI, GoVy, bld qy K`cr Awid sn qy aus dy kwirMidAW dI igxqI XkInn hzwrW qy l`KW ivc hovygI, ijhVy ik aus dI AwpxI &Oj sI[

vxjwry qy isklIgr kbIly ikvyN bxy

l`KI Swwh dy vxj ivc syvw kr rhy hzwrW dI igxqI ivc jo kwirMdy Aqy aunHW dy prvwr sn, auh bykwr ho cuky sn[ ieh lok hux kMm dI qlwS ivc ieDr auDr iPrn lg pey[ kuJ Cotw-motw vxj krn lg pey[ kuJ hor kMmW nwl guzwrw krn lg pey[ BwvyN auh hux tWifAW dy rUp ivc lMmy rUt (bl^, bu^wrw, XwrkMd, smrkMd Awid qk) ’qy vxj vpwr nhIN sn krdy pr lok aunHW nUM vxjwry hI kihMdy sn[ ienHW ivcoN bhuqy rwjpUq qy KqrI sn[ iesy qrHW ijhVy lok gurU swihb, bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy l`KI Swh vxjwrw vwsqy hiQAwr bxwauNdy hn, auh vI hux bykwr ho cuky sn[ muZlW ny aunHW nUM kMm nhIN id`qw Aqy auh hux in`ky-moty kMm krn lg pey sn[

bhuq dyr mgroN vxjwry SihrW qy ipMfW ivc in`kw–motw swmwn lYjw ky vycx lg pey[ l`KI rwey dy tWifAW ivc rihx kr ky bhuiqAW kol vxj (vpwr) dw qjrbw sI[ aunHW nUM pqw huMdw sI ik iks ielwky ivc iks cIz dI mMg hY[ pr aunHW kol bhuqI pUjI nhIN sI[ ies kr ky auh v`fw vxj nhIN kr skdy sn[ ies kr ky auh QoVHI rws nwl lokW dIAW in`kIAW motIAW zrUrqW pUrIAW krn lg pey[ ieM\ auh ienHW PyrIAW dy vpwr ivcoN rozgwr kmwaux lg pey[ keI vwr qW auh lokW dI zrUrq vI bx jWdy sn iesy kr ky lok aunHW nUM Aksr aufIkdy rihMdy sn[ vxjwirAW dy mhwvry, AKwxW qy gIq vI bxn lg pey sn[

vxjwirAW vW| hI l`KI rwey vxjwrw, bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy lohgVH iklHy nwl sbMDq isklIgr lokW dI igxqI vI bhuq izAwdw sI qy aunHW nUM iek jgh kMm imlx dI koeI aumId nhIN sI, ies kr ky auh cwry pwsy jwx lg pey qW jo aunHW nUM kMm iml sky[ aunW ivcoN bhuq swry mrh`itAW dy ielwky v`l vI inkl gey; kuJ kumwEN vl cly gey qy kuJ rwjpUq rwijAW v`l, pr iksy vI rwjy, pySvw, cODrI jW zmINdwr ny aunHW nUM hiQAwr bxwaux vwsqy kwr^wny lw ky nw id`qy[ ies dw iek kwrn ieh vI sI ik auh is`KI srUp ivc sn qy aunHW ny Awpxw Drm C`f dyx Aqy kys, dwVHI k`tx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw sI[ ies hwlq ivc aunHW nUM qMbUAW, KYimAW Aqy JONpVIAW ivc rih ky Coty-v`fy, hr qrHW dy kMm krny pey[ ij`Qy vI kMm Gt jWdw auh A`gy inkl jWdy sn[ iesy kr ky bMdw isMG Aqy l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy tWifAW nwl sbMDq vxjwry Aqy isklIgr pMjwb qoN mhWrwstr qk keI jgh Kymy lw ky rihx lg pey sn qy aunW ivc keI qW A`j vI iPrdy rihMdy hn pr kuJ ienHW ielwikAW ivc rihx lg pey hn[

Aw^rI g`l

lohgVH dw muZlIAw slqnq ’qy Asr

ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik muZlW ny sFOrw Aqy lohgVH ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI Aqy ienHW nUM Fwh id`qw sI[ aunHW ny bMdw isMG bhwdr qy hzwrW is`KW nUM kql vI kr id`qw sI[ pr, ies ny muZlIAw slqnq dI qbwhI dw AwZwz vI kr id`qw sI[ bMdw isMG ny isr& pMj swl dy Arsy ivc do so swl qoN Swn nwl cl rhI qwkqvr muZlIAw slqnq nUM qbwh kr ky r`K id`qw sI[ SwhI ^zwnw ^wlI ho cukw sI[ pMjwh hzwr qoN vI vD &OjI mwry gey sn, ijnHW ivc bhuq swry jrnYl vI sn[ bMdw isMG ny muZl hwkmW dw haUAw ^qm kr id`qw sI[ jMmU qoN id`lI qk, qy auDr shwrnpur dy duAwly dw ielwkw vI, qbwh ho cukw sI[ ies mgroN vI, bMdw isMG dI ShIdI (1716) qoN 1760 qk, BwvyN is`K pMjwb ’qy kwbz nhIN sn, pr ieh swry smy ivc muZlW dw bhqw pYsw, qwkq qy iDAwn is`KW nwl t`kr lYx ivc hI ^rc huMdI irhw, ijs ny muZl hkUmq dIAW jVHW ihlw id`qIAW[ (fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AMqkw

bwbw bMdw isMG qy is`K &OjW dy i^lw& lVn vwly 3 muslmwn bwdSwh, 5 Sihzwdy, 30 ihMdU rwjy qy jrnYl, 120 sInIAr muslmwn jrnYl, &Ojdwr qy sUbydwr Aqy jhwdIey:

bwdSwh: bhwdr Swh, jhWdwr swh, &r`^sIAr

Sihzwdy: r&I-auS-Swn, AzImu`Swn, r&I-auS-swn, jhwn Swh, ^uizSqw A^qr

ihMdU rwjy qy jrnYl: su`cw nMd, rwjw cyq isMh qy rwjy igAwn cMd, jgq cMd qy bwj bhwdr cMd (kmwEN), rwjw AnUp isMh, Cqrswl buMdylw, cUVwmin jwt, rwjw EdIp isMh, rwjw gopwl isMh BdwvVIAw, ipRQI cMd, auidq isMh buMdylw, bdn isMh buMdylw, AjIq isMh (rwjw joDpur), bcn isMh kCvwhw qy jY isMh svweI (rwjw jYpur), Amr isMh (rwjw Ajmyr), hmIr cMd ktoc (rwjw kWgVw), rwjw jsrotIey dw puqr hir dyv, ikrpwl dyv qy Druv dyv (rwjy jMmU), BUp pRkwS (nwhn), mwn isMh (rwjw ku`lU), kYQl dw Awiml, lwl kMvr gu`jr, tofr m`l dw poqrw, sMqoK rwey kwnUMngo (klwnOr), rwjw dXw DMmw/Drmw (nUrpur), ikSn isMh (nrokw), sWvl dws (dIvwn ZwzI ^wn), it`kw rwm (drogw id`lI)

muslmwn sUbydwr, &Ojdwr qy jrnYl: vzIr ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), muneIm ^wn (^wn ^wnW) qy aus dy do pu`qr: mhwbq ^wn qy ^wn zmwn bhwdr, ieslwm ^wn (mIr AwiqS), hmId-aud-^wn, sr&rwz ^wn bhwdr (bihroz ^wn) qy aus dw pu`qr sY&-aulHw-^wn, Aihqmwn ^wn qy aus dw pu`qr luq&-aulHw ^wn, muhMmd AmIn ^wn (pihloN sUbydwr murwdwbwd, iPr bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm dw muKI) qy aus dw pu`qr kmr-aud-dIn (mgroN pRweIm minstr), zuli&kwr ^wn (b^SI-aul mulk), koklqwS ^wn bhwdr, Kvwjw hsn ^wn, Skru`lw ^wn, iebrwhIm ^wn (mIr AwiqS), srbrwh ^wn (koqvwl, id`lI), bwVw dw seIAd Abdu`lw ^wn (sUbydwr Alwhwbwd) seIAd husYn AlI ^wn qy seIAd vjIh-aud-dIn (bwVHw), rusqm idl ^wn qy aus dw Brw sulqwn kulI ^wn, Abdus smd ^wn (mgroN sUbydwr jMmU qy lwhOr) qy aus dw pu`qr zkrIAw ^wn (mgroN sUbydwr jMmU qy lwhOr), cug`qw ^wn, Swhinvwz ^wn, A&rwisAwb ^wn, S&iSkn ^wn, i&roz ^wn myvwqI (sUbydwr srhMd), zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (pihloN sUbydwr iskMdrwbwrd qy myrT qy Pyr srhMd), muhMmd rusqm ZwzI ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), hkIm moieqmd-aul -mulk, rihmwn Xwr ^wn, Aqw-aulHw ^wn, &qih-aulHw ^wn, mohqm ^wn, rwey rweIAW, jnI ^wn, i&dvI ^wn, Abdul krIr ^wn, AkIdq ^wn (pu`qr AmIr ^wn), muhMmd AlI ^wn (b^SI jhWdwr ^wn), AbU-aul-kwism (nwieb &Ojdwr srhMd), muhMmd bkw (&Ojdwr &qihbwd), muhMMmd AmIn (&Ojdwr rjOVI), jlwl ^wn (&Ojdwr rohqk), sY&-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr gujrwq), Azhr ^wn (&Ojdwr vzIrwbwd), ierwdq mMd ^wn (sUbydwr eymnwbwd), nUr muhMmd ^wn (&Ojdwr AOrMgbwd qy psrUr), SyK muhMmd dwXm (&Ojdwr btwlw), suhrwb ^wn (&Ojdwr klwnOr), Awir& byZ ^wn (nwieb sUbydwr lwhOr), sulqwn ^wn (sUbydwr jMmU), s`dwq ^wn (sUbydwr kSmIr), muhMmd AlI ^wn (nwieb sUbydwr kSmIr), jlwlwbwd dw &Ojdwr jlwl ^wn, aus dw pu`qr dIndwr ^wn, poqry Zulwm muhMmd binAwrw qy pIr muhMmd ^wn, BxyvW Zulwm muhMmd ^wn qy BqIjw hjbr ^wn qy jrnYl s`dwq ^wn, shwrnpur dw &Ojdwr muhMmd AlI ^wn Aqy aus dy BqIjy pIr ^wn qy jmwl ^wn, kdm-aud-dIn (kpUrI), ausmwn ^wn (sFOrw), Syr muhMmd ^wn

(mlyrkotlw), iKjr ^wn qy aus dy pu`qr ^wn AlI qy muhMmd b^S (mlyrkotlw), inzwmul mulk Asd ^wn (id`lI), jrnYl: A&zl ^wn, ^wn bhwdr, SmSyr ^wn, Abd`ulw ^wn (pMjy id`lI), Sms ^wn (&Ojdwr sulqwnpur, jlMDr-doAwb), bwiezId ^wn aur& kuqbdIn ^ySgI (&Ojdwr jMmU), dOlq mueIn dw pu`qr eIsw ^wn (&Ojdwr jlMDr-doAwb), eIsw ^wn mM\ (&Ojdwr jMgl dys), aumr ^wn (&Ojdwr ksUr), sY& ^wn (&Ojdwr sulqwnpur), ausmwn ^wn krwvl, nusrq ^wn, seIAd hsn ^wn, zorwvr ^wn, rxbwz ^wn, Syr ^wn (swry jrnYl), SY^ Aihmd SY^u`l-ihMd (btwlw), suhrwb ^wn (klwnOr), jrnYl eInwm ^wn, sdwq ^wn (kotlw), ASr& ^wn (&Ojdwr hirAwxw), Kvwjw sulqwn (gurj brdwr), seIAd Azmqu`lw ^wn (zmINdwr rjOVI), hoSdwr ^wn (&Ojdwr jlMDr-doAwb), qlvn (jlMDr-doAwb) dy zmINdwr: muZl byZ ^wn, durlb ^wn, Abdul smd ^wn qy ienwieq ^wn; ienwm ^wn vwlwSwhI, imrzw Swh invwz, dOlq byZ ^wn, swlyh ^wn, &qih-aulw-^wn, muhMmd Aslm (vkIl ZwzI ^wn), i&roz jMg ^wn, mOlvI murwdu`lw, Abdul kwdr, mih&Uz ^wn, muhMMmd ^wn, jrnYl AbU-aul-mulk (BqIjw zYn-aud-dIn, &Ojdwr srhMd), Kvwjw muk`rm (&Ojdwr rUpV), Sr&-aud-dIn (b^SI srhMd); &Ojdwr p`tI qy kI hor ijnHW dy nW qvwrI^ ivc nhIN imldy[

lwhOr dy jhwdIey: pIr muhMmd qkI, mUsw byZ, Swh ienwiequ`lw, muhMmd zmwn rMGV qy mu`lW mIr muhMmd

dUjy mOlvI: mOlvI ivrdI byZ lwhOr, Swh muhMMmd kwzI bUVIAw[

{ies swrI sm`grI dw kwpI rweIt fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr dw hY}

bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr bwry rwibMdr nwQ tYgor dI nzm

Banda Singh Bahadur

(A poem by Rabinder Nath Tagore)

In the prominent royal Mogul court of Delhi King’s sleep will break-up hundred times daily There was such a dreadful fright in his heart

In his consciousness painful sighs were brought What fire scorched his heart no one knows

All of a sudden he was jumping in fiery blows It appeared like red hot sky from the Delhi court

King’s heart shaking, seeking Godly support

Rivers of blood were flowing on the five rivers’ land

Sikhs were facing persecutions for some ideal ground Smeared in blood, they were saying thanks in gratitude Patiently, regardless of comforts, they were in solitude They crossed their way with the Moguls might

With faithful heart they remembered God in sight Maiden decorated with mark of blood, their foreheads What sort of people are Sikhs, with such eagerness They move like moth, looking at burning all around Without delay they line up ready to fight duty bound They play jokes with death, and like lions they roar Wherever they stare and rebuke, enemy is no more Brave warriors jumped in fray with hand to hand attack They quickly hawk assaulting caught the deadly foe Like flying hawk assaulting a deadly poisonous snake Squeezing them in his claws from tip to toe Innumerable was the enemy army, Sikhs were very few They were surrounded in chains and were put in queue

Clothes soaked in blood, bodies full of wounds and bruises Intestines fall in tummy but they had faith and confidence The enemy was battered by the dashing Banda Singh sage Moguls fought back and tied him like brave lion in cage

Surrounded him from all the sides and imprisoned the hero’s chum

Then they moved towards Delhi, on the beat of kettle-drum The Mogul army departed towards the Capital of Delhi city They moved like hurricane, without stopping or any pity Seven hundred Sikhs were imprisoned and curled-up in chains

It was a disgusting sight, an extraordinary incident, full of pains On every pointed spear, the head of Sikh was hanging

Streams of blood dripping, the sight will give a panging Sikh prisoners shackled in chains, shouted this voice of cry

O! Our true saviour preserve thy honour, don’t let panth shy Spectators gathered in the heart of Delhi’s Chandni Chowk

This caravan of Sikhs was quite out of strength and in shock Outside they were dull and defeated, inside enjoying thrill

Greeting loudly the victory of Guru and obedient to His will The onlookers revealed an extraordinary and peculiar tale The prisoners started argument as nobody wanted to fail Everybody wanted to be first in their turn to meet the fate

All wanted to meet the Beloved, Gobind through life’s gate

The wheel of death started, the murderers were on assault An applause was echoed, whenever the sword was at fault The Sikhs were being butchered, going forward for sacrifice It was game of seven days for seven hundred heroes nice Chief Banda Singh was in the clutches of destiny or fate Next they brought forward to kill his little son ever so great The Kazi passed on to Banda Singh the killer sword grand

He ordered him to cut his son’s head as it was royal command Sons are symbols of worldliness for formality in social affairs If someone rebukes them one feels like to pull his hairs

What sort of test in life, to kill one’s own son, was shaping The thing one can’t even imagine, the same was happening Banda first picked his son and loved and caressed him Then he tried to explain the role and character of Sikhism; Prince Fateh and Jujhar Singh were also children like you

Now in the test time and what they achieved you can also do Greeting the victory loudly, the little son was revitalized

If life goes, the custom of Sikhism is, let it be sacrificed For holder of righteousness definite victory will be at last

His love won’t be wasted; he meets the Beloved very fast

The Kazi became angry as he could not bear the splendour The executioner attacked the child and he started to flutter Even then this strange trick of destiny could not succeed Plump intestines jumping softly, the earth was red indeed It is written in the history that Banda remained unmoved In his mouth soft plump heart of slayed child was forced In this hard probation Banda remained unshaken, steady The history will cry when going through its own study

It was such a dreadful scene that onlookers could not spy Snatching with pincers first they took out his both eyes Iron bars were made red hot to burn his body limbs ready The Sikh greeted the victory loudly and soul left the body

The Sky echoed with kettle-drum beat, banner flying like kite Once a hero takes a battlefield, he is eager to show his might A true warrior is one, who fights for sake of humble and meek

He might be cut into the pieces, but to leave battlefield will never seek

ccxxxv

ⁱ ^w&I ^wn, muMq^bul lubwb, cYptr 2, s&w 660.

• GuVwm iek pRwcIn ngr sI Aqy ies dw iklHw bVI AhmIAq rKdw sI[ ieh iklHw muhMmd ZOrI dy vyly qoN hI v`fIAW isAwsI srgrmIAW dw kyNdr irhw sI[ kuqb dIn AYbk dy smyN ieh kuJ icr vwsqy rwjDwnI vI irhw sI[ rzIAW sulqwnw ny ies nUM SwhI kYdIAW dI jylH dy qOr ’qy vriqAw sI[ aus ny Awpxy Brw nUM vI ies iklHy ivc kYd kIqw sI[

 

• kwmvr, qzikrwqu slwqIn cg`qw, s&y 93-94.

 

• audoN sqluj dirAw bihlolpur Aqy mwCIvwVw dy pYrW ivc vgdw sI[ 1753 ivc dirAw ny ru^ bdl ilAw sI[ hux dirAw au¤qrI pwsy vl 10 iklomItr dUr vihMdw hY.
• ^w&I ^wn, muMq^b-aul-lubwb, cYptr 2, s&w 653.

 

• ^w&I ^wn, auhI, cYptr 2, s&w 652-53.

 

• AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 414.
• _auhI
• ierivn muqwibk audoN vzIr ^wn dI aumr 80 swl sI (lytr muZlz, ih`sw pihlw, s&w 96).

 

• ^w&I ^wn, muMq^bul lubwb, ijld 2, s&w 653, ierivn, lytr muZlz, ijld pihlI, s&w 96, AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw AYz tolf bweI iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 414.
• qwrI^y pMjwb, s&w 59.

 

• ihstrI Aw& pMjwb, s&w 274.

 

• mIr muhMmd Aihsn iejwd, Swhnwmw.

 

• ^w&I ^wn, auhI, cYptr 2, s&w 654.

 

• muhMmd kwism, iebrqnwmw, CpI ikqwb dy s&y 133-46, ibRitS lwiebryrI dI h`Q-ilKq dy s&y 26 bI

qoN 35 bI).

• qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI.

 

• A^bwrwiq drbwir muA`lw, 20 meI 1710.

^xviii‘sUrj prkwS’ dw ilKwrI sMqoK isMG (ijs ny is`K qvwrI^ nUM r`j ky ivgwiVAw) srhMd dI lVweI 1707 ivc, gurU goib Md isMG swihb dy nMdyV ivc huMidAW, krvw ky aunHW koloN ies ’qy ^uSI dw iezhwr krvwauNdw hY[ sMqoK isMG dI nkl mwr ky dUjw gpOV-ilKwrI igAwnI igAwn isMG vI ieh lVweI jyT 1764, Xwin 1707, ivc krvwauNdw hY[

• qzikrwqul slwqIn-ie-cg`qw, s&y 93-94.

 

• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 6 nvMbr 1710.

 

• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 1 dsMbr 1710.

 

• ^uSvkq rwie, qÍwrI^y is`KW.

 

• AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 419, muhMmd lqI&, ihstrI Aw& d pMjwb, s&w 275 (1964 dI AYfISn).
• audoN cimAwrI iek v`fw ksbw sI Aqy ie`Qy iek iklHw vI sI.

 

• muhMmd kwism, iebrq nwmw Aqy knHeIAw lwl qÍwrI^y is`KW.

 

• qzikrw slwqIn cug`qw, A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw.

 

• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 AkqUbr 1709
• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 25 &rvrI 1710.

 

• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 ApRYl 1710.

 

• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 meI 1710.

 

• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 meI 1710.
• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 meI 1710.

 

• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 meI 1710.

 

• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 20 meI 1710.

 

• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 24 meI 1710.
• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 27 meI 1710.
• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 meI 1710.
• A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 jUn 1710.
• rwjpUq rwijAW bwry vKrI q&sIl vyKo.

^xl A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 jUn 1710. <sup>xli</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 11 jUn 1710.

^xlii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 22 jUn 1710. <sup>xliii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 1 julweI 1710. ^xliv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 2 julweI 1710. <sup>xlv</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 8 julweI 1710. ^xlvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 julweI 1710.

^xlvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 25 julweI 1710. <sup>xlviii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 julweI 1710 ^xlix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 Agsq 1710 <sup>l</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 Agsq 1710. ^li A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 Agsq 1710 <sup>lii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 29 Agsq 1710 ^liii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 sqMbr 1710 <sup>liv</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 2 AkqUbr 1710 ^lv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 AkqUbr 1710

^lvi ^w&I ^wn, ijld dUjI, s&w 658. (hux ies srW dw nW-inSwn vI bwkI nhIN hY) ^lvii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 31-32.

^lviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 20 AkqUbr 1710 <sup>lix</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 1 nvMbr 1710

^lx kwmvr ^wn: qzikrw slwqIn cg`qw, s&w 103 (AlI ndIm irzvI dw qrjmw).

^lxi  pMcolI  jgjIvn  dws  dw  rwjw  jYpur  nUM,  26  dsMbr  1710  dy  idn  iliKAw  ^q,  sIrIAl  nMbr  1,

ArzdwSq nMbr 195 (rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN). ^lxii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 24 nvMbr 1710

^lxiii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, pqry (s&y) 31-32. ^lxiv ^w&I ^wn, muMq^b-aul-lubwb, ijld 2, s&y 671-72.

^lxv ^w&I ^wn, muMq^bul lubwb, ijld 2, s&w 671, ierivn, lytr muZlz, ijld pihlI, s&w 111.

^lxvi ^w&I ^wn, muMq^bul lubwb , ijld 2, s&w 669-70, AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 423-24, kwmvr, s&w 153 ey.

^lxvii AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ijld 7, s&w 424.

^lxviii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI: Ahvwl-aul-KvwkIn, (sMpwdk blvMq isMG iF`loN), s&y 40-43. ^lxix ^w&I ^wn, muMq^b-aul-lubwb, ijld 2, s&w 672-73.

^lxx  muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, Aihvwl-aul-^vwkIn, pqry 34 qoN 37.

^lxxi AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 555-

56.

^lxxii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&w 32.

^lxxiii ieh cUVwmxI j`t iek ihMdU jrnYl sI, jo bhwdr Swh dy bwZI Brw qwrw Awzm dw swQI sI[ pr jnvrI 1709 dI lVweI ivc qwrw Awzm dI hwr qy mOq mgroN ies ny qwrw Awzm dw ^zwnw lu`t ilAw sI qy bhwdr Swh nwl Aw rilAw sI)[

lxxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 3	dsMbr	1710.
lxxv AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld 7, s&w 425.
lxxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 6	dsMbr	1710.
lxxvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 6 dsMMbr 1710
lxxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 dsMMbr 1710
lxxix muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI: Ahvwl-aul-KvwkIn, (sMpwdk blvMq isMG iF`loN), s&w 37.
lxxx iBKwrI dws v`loN rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 17 mwrc 1711 dy idn ByjI ArzdwSq, sIrIAl			nMbr 13,
vkIl irport nMbr 45. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).
lxxxi  pMcolI  jgjIvn  dws  v`loN  26  dsMbr  1710  dy  idn  rwjw  jYpur  nUM  ilKI  ic`TI,  sIrIAl  nMbr  1,
ArzdwSq 195. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).
lxxxii   dIvwn iBKwrI dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 10 jnvrI 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr			2, vkIl
irport nMbr 11. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^lxxxiii mgroN &rvrI 1716 ivc bMdw isMG nUM vI iesy ipMjry ivc id`lI iljwieAw igAw sI qy slImgVH iklHy ivc hI kYd r`iKAw igAw sI.

^lxxxiv pMcolI jgjIvn dws v`loN 24 mwrc 1711 dy idn rwjw jYpur nUM ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 16, vkIl irport nMbr 48. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^lxxxv mgroN bhwdr Swh dI mOq mgroN nvyN bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh ny 2 julweI 1712 ƒ nwhn dy nwbwlg rwjy ƒ kYd ivcoN drbwr ivc bulwieAw[ (aus ƒ bYTx dI iejwzq nw idqI geI qy KVHw riKAw igAw)[ aus ƒ iksy izMmydwr S^s dI zwmnI ’qy irhw krn dw hukm idqw igAw qy aus v`loN v&wdwrI zwihr krn bdly aus nUM iK`lq Byt kIqI geI}[

^lxxxvi dIvwn iBKwrI dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 27 jnvrI 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 5, vkIl irport nMbr 25. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN)[ iek l`K rupY dy gihxy bxwaux dI g`l A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw dI 22 jnvrI dI AYNtrI ivc vI ilKI imldI hY.

^lxxxvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 1 jnvrI 1711. <sup>lxxxviii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 9 &rvrI 1711.

^lxxxix pMcolI jgjIvn dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 6 mwrc 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 10, vkIl irport nMbr 351. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xc A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 20 mwrc 1711.

^xci pMcolI jgjIvn dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 24 mwrc 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 16, vkIl irport nMbr 48. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xcii iBKwrI dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 18 ApRYl 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 20, vkIl irport nMbr 51. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xciii iBKwrI dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 26 ApRYl 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 21, vkIl irport nMbr 52. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xciv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 20 meI 1711. <sup>xcv</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 1 Agsq 1711.

^xcvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 meI 1710. 13 jUn 1711 dy idn muZl drbwr ivc jYpur dy rwjy dy numwieMdy ibhwrI dws pMcolI v`loN Awpxy rwjy nUM ^q (bMfl nMbr 1, frw&t KrIqw 73, sIrIAl nMbr 32) ilK ky ikhw sI ik bMdw isMG dy ^q sbMDI AxgihlI krnI cMgI g`l nhIN hovygI[ Xwin, aus ny rwjy nUM bMdw isMG nwl sbMD nw r`Kx dI slwh id`qI sI}[ 11 sqMbr 1711 dy idn rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM is`KW v`loN iek hor ^q Byjy jwx dw izkr vI imldw hY[

^xcvii dIvwn iBKwrI dws dI rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 7 mwrc 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl 11, vkIl irport nMbr 311 Aqy pMcolI jgjIvn dws dI rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 13 mwrc 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 12, vkIl irport nMbr 44). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xcviii pMcolI jgjIvn dws v`loN rwjw jYpur nUM 3 jUn 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 28, vkIl irport nMbr 61. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^xcix bMfl nMbr 1, frw&t KrIqw 73, sIrIAl nMbr 32. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^c sIrIAl nMbr 42, vkIl irport 76, 22 Agsq 1711 dI Aqy pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 28 Agsq 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^ci jwdU nwQ srkwr jYpur irkwrfz, ijld 14, s&y 213-14. hvwlw fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN: bMdw isMG bhwdr: &wrsI sroq, s&y 49-50.

^cii 16 sqMbr 1711 dy idn rwjw jYpur nUM ilKI ArzdwSq, sIrIAl nMbr 50, vkIl irport nMbr 317. (rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^ciii pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 24 sqMbr 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 51, vkIl irport nMbr vkIl irport 90). sIrIAl nMbr 48, vkIl irport nMbr 81. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^civ pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 23 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 52, vkIl irport nMbr 100). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cv pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 4 nvMbr 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 53, vkIl irport nMbr 108). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cvi rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 7 dsMbr 1711 dy idn ilKI ArzdwSq, sIrIAl nMbr 54, vkIl irport nMbr 114). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cvii pMcolI jgjIvn dws rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 19 dsMbr 1711 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 55, vkIl irport nMbr 118). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 30 nvMbr 1711.

^cix ibhwrI dws pMcolI v`loN 13 jUn 1711 dy idn iliKAw prvwnw, sIrIAl nMbr 32, bMfl nMbr 1, frw&t KrIqw 73). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

cx dIvwn iBKwrI dws	dI	ic`TI,	vkIl	irport	nMbr	45, 46). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts	Aw`n
bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).
cxi dIvwn iBKwrI dws	dI	ic`TI,	vkIl	irport	nMbr	311). rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n	bMdw

isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cxii dIvwn iBKwrI dws dI ic`TI, vkIl irport nMbr 46. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cxiii klwnOr aus vyly lwhOr qoN mgroN mwJy dw sB qoN v`fw Sihr sI[ ieh auhI Sihr sI ij`Qy 1555 ivc Akbr dI qwjpoSI hoeI sI[ ies Sihr ivc iek Swndwr iklHw Aqy bhuq swrIAW v`fIAW-v`fIAW hvylIAW sn[

^cxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 ApRYl 1711.

^cxv pMcolI jgjIvn dws vkIl dI irport, nMbr 48. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 7 AprYl 1711. <sup>cxvii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 15 ApRYl 1711. ^cxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 ApRYl 1711. <sup>cxix</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 meI 1711.

^cxx A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 9 meI 1711. <sup>cxxi</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 meI 1711. ^cxxii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 15 meI 1711. <sup>cxxiii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 18 meI 1711. ^cxxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 19 meI 1711. <sup>cxxv</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 4 jUn 1711. ^cxxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 7 jUn 1711. <sup>cxxvii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 13 jUn 1711. ^cxxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 16 jUn 1711.

^cxxix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 Agsq 1711. <sup>cxxx</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 3 nvMbr 1711. ^cxxxi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 nvMbr 1711. <sup>cxxxii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 12 nvMbr 1711. ^cxxxiii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 14 nvMbr 1711. <sup>cxxxiv</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 22 jnvrI 1712. ^cxxxv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 jnvrI 1712. <sup>cxxxvi</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 13 &rvrI 1712.

^cxxxvii BMfwrI iKvsI dI rwjw jYpur nUM 10 mwrc 1712 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 57, vkIl irport nMbr 266. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^cxxxviii BMfwrI iKvsI v`loN jYpur dy rwjy nUM, 10 mwrc 1712 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl 57, vkIl irport 266. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN)[ iehI ^br Arzdwsq, sIrIAl nMbr 58, vkIl irport nMbr 267, qwrI^ 10 mwrc 1712 rwhIN vI id`qI hoeI hY[

^cxxxix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 29 mwrc 1712, 5 ApRYl 1712 qy 9 ApRYl 1712. <sup>cxl</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 ApRYl 1712.

^cxli A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 20 meI 1712, qy 22 meI 1712. <sup>cxlii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 29 meI 1712.

^cxliii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 11 qy 12 jUn qy 12 julweI 1712. <sup>cxliv</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 1 sqMbr 1712.

^cxlv auhI.

^cxlvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 2 AkqUbr 1712. <sup>cxlvii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 15 AkqUbr 1712. ^cxlviii ierivn, lytr muZlz, s&w 206.

^cxlix auhI.

^cl A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 26 qy 27 jnvrI 1713. <sup>cli</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 11-12-14 &rvrI 1713.

^clii drAsl AjIq isMh joDpurIey ny AwpxI DI &r`^sIAr nUM dyxI mMn leI sI[ mgroN 6 julweI nUM seIAd husYn AlI ^wn ies kuVI dw folw lY ky joDpur qoN AlIvrd dI srW ivc phuMc igAw[ 13 sqMbr nUM ieh rwjkumwrI id`lI phuMcI ij`Qy 17 sqMbr nUM bwdSwh dI mW ny aus nUM klmw pVHw ky mslmwnI bxwieAw qy SwhI kwzI ny aus dI mMgxI dI rsm Adw kIqI[ jd ieh SwdI hoeI qW &ru^sIAwr ^UnI bvwsIr kwrn bImwr sI[ ies kr ky auh AjIq isMh dI DI nwl do mhIny qk syj ’qy nw jw sikAw[ (aus dw ielwj iek AMgryz fwktr ivlIAm hYimltn ny kIqw qy bMgwl ivc AMgryzW vwsqy kstm ifaUtI muAw& krvweI)[ (ierinv, lytr muZlz, s&w 305 )[ &ru^sIAr dy kql mgroN rwjw AjIq isMh ny AwpxI DI nUM 16 julweI 1719 nUM &ru^sIAwr dy hrm ’coN ‘Awzwd’ krvwieAw Aqy aus nUM iPr ihMdU bxw ky, aus dI swrI dOlq sxy joDpur lY igAw[ ies dI muslmwnW ny bVI mu^wl&q kIqI pr vzIr Abdu`lw ^wn ny rwjw AjIq isMh dI pUrI mdd kr ky aus dI DI nUM mih&Uz au~QoN kFvw id`qw[ (ierivn, s&w 401)

^cliii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 mwrc 1713. ^cliv Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67.

^clv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 21 mwrc 1713. ^clvi Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67.

^clvii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI, Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67. ^clviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 16 mwrc 1713.

^clix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw , 2 ApRYl 1713.

^clx jyT m`l v`loN jYpur dy rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM, ApRYl 1713 ivc, ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 62, ArzdwSq nMbr 145. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^clxi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 27 qy 28 jUn 1713. ^clxii Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67.

^clxiii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 28 jUn 1713. ^clxiv Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&w 68.

^clxv pr muhMmd kwism ies lVweI nUM lohgVH ivc hoeI dsdw hY, jo ik Zlq hY[ lohgVH ’qy hmlw, ies qoN

4 mhIny mgroN, 13 nvMbr 1713 nUM kIqw igAw sI[ ^clxvi Fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr, gurU dy Syr. ^clxvii Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&w 68.

^clxviii jyT m`l v`loN jYpur dy rwjw jY isMG svweI nUM 6 Agsq 1713 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 63, ArzdwSq nMbr 139. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

clxix _auhI.

^clxx jyT m`l vloN rwjw jYpur nUM 6 Agsq 1713 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 63, ArzdwSq nMbr 139. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^clxxi auhI.

^clxxii jyT m`l v`loN jYpur dy rwjw jY isMG svweI nUM 6 Agsq 1713 dy idn ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 63, ArzdwSq nMbr 139. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^clxxiii muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI: Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67. ^clxxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 24 sqMbr 1713.

^clxxv muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI: Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 64-67.

^clxxvi jyT m`l v`loN jYpur dy rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM, ApRYl 1713 ivc, ilKI ic`TI, sIrIAl nMbr 62, ArzdwSq nMbr 145. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^clxxvii cauby jyT m`l v`loN jYpur dy rwjy nUM 27 qy 29 Agsq 1713 dy idn ilKy ^q (sIrIAl nMbr 64, Arzdwsq nMbr 161. rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdur (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^clxxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 AkqUbr 1713. ^clxxix lytr muZlz, s&w 310.

^clxxx A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 16 nvMbr 1713. ^clxxxi Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 68-69.

^clxxxii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 29 nvMbr 1713. <sup>clxxxiii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 24 &rvrI 1714. ^clxxxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 16 Agsq 1713 <sup>clxxxv</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 11 dsMbr 1713.

^clxxxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 23 qy 24 &rvrI 1714. <sup>clxxxvii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 17 ApRYl 1714. ^clxxxviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 7 meI 1714.

^clxxxix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 29 meI 1714.

^cxc Aj-klH dhonw nW dw koeI ipMf ies ielwky ivc nhIN hY, iek mwxkpur zrUr hY jo srhMd qoN 35 iklomItr dUr tMgorI Aqy mohwlI dy nyVy hY.

^cxci A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 jUn 1714.

^cxcii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 9 qy 10 julweI 1714. <sup>cxciii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 18 qy 19 julweI 1714.

^cxciv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 Agsq 1714. <sup>cxcv</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 Agsq 1714. ^cxcvi ierivMg lytr muZlz, ijld pihlI, s&w 311.

^cxcvii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 qy 24 &rvrI 1715. <sup>cxcviii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 &rvrI 1715.

^cxcix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 5 &rvrI 1715. <sup>cc</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 2 mwrc 1715.

^cci A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 mwrc 1715.

^ccii ^w&I ^wn, muMq^b-aul-lubwb, ijld 2, s&w 861.

^cciii mgroN 1748 ivc iesy kmr-aud-dIn dw pu`qr mIr mMnU lwhOr dw sUbydwr bixAw sI qy aus ny is`KW ’qy bypnwh zulm Fwhy sn.

^cciv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 15 mwrc 1715.

^ccv Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121 qoN 124 (sMpwdk fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN).

^ccvi  auhI

^ccvii AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ihstrI Aw`& ieMfIAW AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz, ijld dUjI, s&w

457.

^ccviii A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 ApRYl 1715. <sup>ccix</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 ApRYl 1715.

^ccx ierivn, lytr muZlz, ijld pihlI, s&w 313. ^ccxi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 23 ApRYl 1715. <sup>ccxii</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 28 ApRYl 1715.

^ccxiii muhMmd kwism, iebrqnwmw, ibRitS lwiebryrI lMfn ivcly dsqwvyz dy s&y 57 bI qoN 61 ey, CpI hoeI AYfISn dy s&y 180-84.

^ccxiv A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 14 jUn 1715. <sup>ccxv</sup> A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 3 julweI 1715. ^ccxvi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw. 26 sqMbr 1715. ^ccxvii Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121-124.

^ccxviii muhMmd kwism, iebrqnwmw, s&w 57 bI qoN 61 ey, CpI AYfISn dy s&y 180 qy 184. ^ccxix imrzw muhMmd, iebrqnwmw’, s&w 39 ey qoN 46 bI Aqy 52 bI qoN 54 ey.

^ccxx kysr isMG iCbr, bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqswhIAW dw, s&w 294. ^ccxxi A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 12 dMbr 1715

^ccxxii muhMmd hwrsI, iebrqnwmw, s&w 86-87; kwmvr, s&w 460. ^ccxxiii Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121-124.

^ccxxiv sI.Awr. ivlsn, ArlI AYnlz Aw& ieMgilS ien bMgwl, s&w 96-98, imrzw muhMmd hwrsI, iebrq nwmw, s&w 52 bI qoN 53 ey.

^ccxxv Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121-124. ^ccxxvi Aihvwl-ie-AdInw byZ, s&w 20.

^ccxxvii sI.Awr. ivlsn, ArlI AYnlz Aw& ieMgilS ien bMgwl, s&y 96-98. ^ccxxviii qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI.

^ccxxix A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw, 10 jUn 1716 dI AYNtrI. ^ccxxx rswlw swihb numw, s&w 197.

^ccxxxi Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121-124. ^ccxxxii ^w&I ^wn, cYptr 2, s&w 766-67. ^ccxxxiii ^w&I ^wn, muMq^bul lubwb, s&w 765-67.

^ccxxxiv hkIkq ibnw-vw-ArUzy-isMGW, ieMfIAn ihstorIkw kuAwrtrlI, mwrc 1942.

ccxxxv