sU&I i&rkw
ieslwm dw iek i&rkw ijs nUM ieslwmI rh`svwd vI ikhw jWdw hY[ies mq dw nW ies dy muK pRcwrkW v`loN sU& dy k`pVy Dwrn krn qoN c`ilAw sI[ kuJ ivdvwn ies dw mUl qs`vu& (pSmInw bxwauxw) ivc mMndy hn[ kuJ lok ies dw mu`F hzrq muhMmd dy juAweI AlI qoN mMndy hn[ kuJ lok bZdwd dy junYd (830-910) Aqy mnsUr A`l-h`lwj (mOq 922) nUM muF`ly sU&IAW ivc igxdy hn[ pr bhuq ivdvwn ies dw moFI bhwau`dIn swm nUM mMndy hn, jo qyrHvIN sdI ivc hoieAw sI[ ies dy muK pRcwrkW ivc hyT ilKIAW S^sIAqW Swiml sn: bZdwd dw Abdul kwdr iglwnI (1077- 1166), mueInau`dIn icSqI (1141- 1236), iebn ArwbI (1165 – 1240), bhwau~dIn nkSbMdI bu^wrI (1318- 1389) qy aus dw cylw SY^ Aihmd srhMdI (1564- 1624)[ ienHW dIAW pRMprwvW nUM kwdrIAw, icSqIAw qy nkSbMdIAw dy nW nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ sU&I kvIAW qy lyKkW (Kojw A^mq X`svI, rUmI) Aqy inSwpur dy A`qwr ny sU&I mq dy pRcwr ivc bhuq rol Adw kIqw[ sU&I pRcwrkW dy nW nwl joVIAW geIAW krwmwqW ny ies dy pRcwr ivc bhuq ih`sw pwieAw[ ATwrvIN sdI ivc bsrw dI rihx vwlI rwbIAw nW dI iek AOrq sU&I (mOq 1801) ny vI bhuq nW K`itAw[ Bwrq ivc Aw ky pRcwr krn vwly sU&IAW au~qy kuJ-kuJ vydWq dw vI Asr sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dIAW audwsIAW mgroN ies mq dy pRcwrkW ’qy gurbwxI dw vI bhuq Asr ipAw; ^ws kr ky sU&I kvI bulHw, Swh husYn, sulqwn bwhU, hwiSm Swh, vjId, ^vwjw Zulwm &rId, Swh Sr&, mOLvI Zulwm rsUl, mIAW muhMmd b^S Awid dIAW ilKqW ivc gurbwxI sw& JlkdI hY[ sU&IAW dy muK nym ieh hn: 1. r`b swirAW ivc hY Aqy r`b ivc sB kuJ hY 2. mzhb mukqI dw swiKAwq swDn nhIN; ieh isr& jIvn Xwqrw dw qrIkw hY 3. swrI rcnw, kwienwq r`b dI rzw ivc hY[ aus dI rzw ibnw ienswn kuJ nhIN kr skdw 4. jIvwqmw ijsm qoN pihlW sI[ ienswn AwpxIAW krqUqW dy muqwibk ivc r`b ivc smwvygw 5. pUry murSd dI imhr nwl r`b dI iebwdq ivc lIn rihx nwl ABydqw hwisl huMdI hY[ sU&I mq dIAW cwr mMizlW hn: 1. nwsUq (ienswnIAq): ies nUM SrIAq vI kihMdy hn, Xwin ieslwm dI isiKAw muqwibk izMdgI jIxw; ^ud nUM n&sI BwvnwvW qoN bxwauxw qy ie^lwkI piv`qrqw Apxwauxw 2. mlkUq (&irSqy vwlIAW ^UbIAW): ies nUM qrIkq vI kihMdy hn; Xwin murSd dy d`sy qrIky ’qy clxw[ duinAwvI ^wihSW qoN aupr auTxw 3. jbrUq (qwkq): ies nUM mwr&q vI kihMdy hn[ ies ivc igAwn dI qwkq hwisl huMdI hY qy r`b nwl ilv lgdI hY 4. &nw (ABwv); ies nUM hkæIkæq vI kihMdy hn[ ies ivc dunIAW dw ABwv huMdw hY, rUh rOSn huMdI hYY Aqy s`c nwl vsl (imlwp) huMdw hY[ sU&I mq dy pYrokwr nUM swilk kihMdy hn, ijs dw ArQ hY: r`b dI Koj krn vwlw
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)