iSromxI AkwlI dl
iSromxI AkwlI dl (vDyry kr ky SRomxI hI iliKAw jWdw hY) is`KW dI sB qoN suprIm jQybMdI hY[ AkwlI dl dI kwiemI 14 dsMbr, 1920 dy idn ‘gurduAwrw syvk dl’ dy nW hyT hoeI sI[ 23 jnvrI, 1921 dy idn ies dw nW ‘AkwlI dl’ r`K id`qw igAw[ Agly idn 24 jnvrI 1921 dy idn pRDwn dI cox hoeI ijs ivc srmuK isMG Jbwl pihly jQydwr bxwey gey sn[ AkwlI dl dI kwiemI dw mksd sI: gurduAwirAW ƒ mhMqW qoN Awzwd krvwaux ivc iSromxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI mdd krnw[ ies nUM ijlHw j`iQAW qoN v`KirAwaux vwsqy 29 mwrc, 1922 dy idn ies dw nW ‘iSromxI AkwlI dl’ r`K id`qw igAw[ 1921 qoN 1925 qk iSromxI AkwlI dl Aqy izlHw qy srkl AkwlI jiQAW dw v`fw rol AkwlI moricAW ivc j`Qy Byjxw Aqy &Mf iek`Ty kr ky morcw, SRomxI kmytI qy kYdI isMGW dy pirvwrW dI mdd krnw sI[
BwvyN sYNtrl is`K lIg 1919 ivc kwiem ho geI sI Aqy is`K pMQ dI isAwsI jmwq vjoN ivcr rhI sI, pr ies dw rol iksy mwArky vwlI kwrvweI qoN s`Kxw sI[ auDr 1925 ivc gurduAwrw AYkt bxn mgroN, qy ^ws kr ky 1926 ivc AkwlI AwgUAW dIAW irhweIAW mgroN, AkwlI lIfriSp iek vwr Pyr jQybMd ho geI[ ies nwl aunHW dI jQybMdI bVI qwkqvwr ho geI[ ies hwlq ivc AkwlI dl ny is`K kOm dI isAwsI vwgofr vI sMBwl leI[ BwvyN sYNtrl is`K lIg jQybMdI vjoN qW kwiem rhI, pr AslI qwkqvr pwrtI AkwlI dl hI sI[ 1930 qoN mgroN SRomxI AkwlI dl is`K pMQ dI ieko iek jmwq bx igAw[
ies mgroN vI AkwlI dl ivcoN keI lIfr v`K hoey qy aunHW ny nvIAW AkwlI jQybMdIAW vI bxvweIAW[ ienHW ivcoN ^ws AwgU sn: bwbw KVk isMG, ig: Syr isMG, s.b. mihqwb isMG vgYrw[ ieh AwgU pMQk rol qoN dUr qW nw gey pr pMQ dI v`fI igxqI ny ienHW dI AgvweI kbUl nw kIqI qy mUl jQybMdI dw swQ nw C`ifAw[ ieM\ ieh lIfriSp Coty-moty nukswn krn qoN isvw koeI n&I dw rol vI Adw nw kr skI[ jdoN 1940 ivc muslm lIg ny pwiksqwn dI kwiemI dw rOlw pwieAw qW AkwlI Aqy dUjy is`K lIfrW ny vI ie`qhwd idKwieAw[ pr ieh ie`qhwd bhuqI dyr nw c`l sikAw[ S^sIAqW dy tkrwA, haUmY, km-AklI qy swVy dI vjHw kr ky is`K lIfriSp ivc zbrdsq Pu`t pY geI[ nqIjy vjoN is`K kOm dw 1947 ivc v`fw nukswn hoieAw[ is`K Awzwd mulk hwsl vI nw kr sky Aqy 20 l`K jwnW vI guAweIAW Aqy nwnkwxw swihb sxy svw sO qoN v`D gurduAwirAW dw ieMqzwm vI h`QoN guAw bYTy qy pwiksqwn ivc C`fxy pey[
1947 qoN mgroN vI vzIrI/qwkq/dOlq dI Bu`K ny bhuq swrI AkwlI lIfriSp ƒ kWgrs v`l iKc ilAw[ kWgrsI-bxy AkwlI, is`KW dI qbwhI krvw ky vI, Awpxy injI qy vkqI &wieidAW dI soc vl tur pey[ ies nwl is`KW ivc bVI audwsI CweI[ auDr ihMdU lIfriSp Aqy A&sr-SwhI is`KW nwl hr moV ’qy D`kw krn l`g peI[ hwlwq Aijhy bx gey ik is`KI bcwaux vwsqy pMQ ƒ pRogrwm aulIkxw pY igAw[ AkwlI dl ny pMQk mu&wd ƒ swhvyN r`KidAW pMjwbI bolI dy sUby dI mMg SurU kr id`qI[ 1955 qoN 1960 ’c do morcy vI lwey[ A^Ir 1966 ivc pMjwbI sUbw bx igAw pr ies ivcoN jwn k`F leI geI[ 1967 ivc pMjwb ’c AkwlI srkwr bx geI[ hux is`KW ivc iek nvIN jmwq pYdw ho geI, jo qwkq dI soc nwl isAwsq ’c kwbz hox l`g peI[ 1967 ivc mwstr qwrw isMG dI mOq mgroN dUjI pIVHI AkwlI dl ’qy kwbz ho geI[ &qih isMG qy cMnx isMG, ijhVy ik mwstr qwrw isMG ivru`D swizSI mwhOl ivc A`gy Awey sn, pihlI vwrI AweI qwkq Kusx mgroN, CyqI hI (1972 ivc) zlIl ho ky cVHweI kr gey[ hux vwrI sI gurcrn isMG tOhVw, mohx isMG isMG quV, jgdyv isMG qlvMfI qy pRkwS isMG bwdl vZYrw dI[
AkwlI dl ny 1967 qoN 1968, 1969 qoN 1971 qk pMjwb ’c hkUmq kIqI[ 1972 ivc kWgrs ny hkUmq Koh leI [ 1977 ivc AkwlI dl Pyr hwkm bx igAw[ 1980 ivc kWgrs ny AkwlI srkwr qoV id`qI[ ies vyly inrMkwrIAW vloN 13 is`KW dy kql (13 AprYl, 1978) dy nwl hI juJwrU lihr SurU ho cu`kI sI[ 1980 ivc gurbcn isMh inrMkwrI dy kql mgroN pMjwb ’c gurIlw lVweI SurU ho geI[ bwbw jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwly dy Awaux nwl juJwrU lIfriSp iek`TI ho geI[ 1982 ivc AkwlI dl ny ‘Drm Xu`D’ morcw SurU kr id`qw[ ieMdrw gWDI dI srkwr ny is`KW ƒ sbk isKwaux vwsqy 4 jUn 1984 ƒ drbwr swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ hzwrW is`K kql kr id`qy gey [ swry AkwlI AwgU igR&qwr kr ky jylHIN sut id`qy gey[ 31 AkqUbr ƒ ieMdrw kql mgroN hor hzwrW is`K kql kIqy gey[ 1985 ’c AkwlI AwgU irhwA kr id`qy gey[ aunHW ny iBMfrWvwilAW dy ipqw ƒ lIfr mMn ilAw pr ieh g`l QoVHI dyr hI c`lI[ ies nwl do AkwlI dl bx gey[ auDr rwjIv gWDI ny surjIq brnwly nwl gMF qrup kr ky aus ƒ cI& minstr bxvw id`qw[ pr lONgovwl AkwlI dl ’c Asl qkVw grup bwdl qy tOhVw dw sI[ brnwly v`loN 30 AprYl 1986 dy idn drbwr swihb ’qy hmlw krn mgroN bwdl-tOhVw grup ny v`Krw AkwlI dl bxw ilAw[ brnwly ƒ kuJ icr vrqx mgroN rwjIv ny r`d kr id`qw[ bwdl-tOhVw grup ƒ ies nwl hor qwkq imlI pr ies vyly KwVkU dOr SurU ho igAw[ KwVkU grup ny ismrnjIq isMG mwn ƒ lIfr mMn ilAw[ 1989 dIAW coxW ivc KwVkUAW dy auNmIdvwrW ny pMjwb ’c pwrlImYNt coxW ’c hUMJw-Pyr ij`q hwsl kIqI[ 1992 qk KwVkUAW dw dOr BwrU irhw qy bwdl-tOhVw grup dI qwkq nw bx skI[ 1992 ’c KwVkUAW dw kqlyAwm SurU ho igAw Aqy aunHW dw zvwl SurU ho igAw[ 1995 qk KwVkU lihr qkrIbn mu`k cu`kI sI[ ies mgroN AkwlI dl dy do DVy qwkqvr grup bx gey: tOhVw-mwn grup qy bwdl grup[ kuJ icr mgroN bwdl qy tOhVw nyVy Aw gey[ ieM\ mwn grup dI qwkq G`t geI[ hOlI-hOlI bwdl-tOhVw grup vDyry qwkqvwr huMdw igAw[ 1996 dIAW gurduAwrw coxW ’c bwdl tOhVw grup ny 95 &I sdI is`tW ij`q leIAW[ mwn kol isrP 8 sItW hI rhIAW[ iPr &rvrI 1997 ivc AsYNblI dIAW coxW ivc bwdl-tOhVw grup ny BwrqI jnqw pwrtI nwl rl ky coxW lV ky do-iqhweI qoN vI vD sItW ij`q ky srkwr bxweI[ &rvrI 1998 ivc pwrlImYNt dIAW coxW ivc AkwlI dl (bwdl-tOhVw) ny swrIAW sItW ij`q ky AwpxI cVHq kwiem r`KI[ BwvyN ies vyly qk keI AkwlI vrkr srkwr qoN bhuq inrwS sn, pr aunHW ny AkwlI dl ƒ BrvW huMgwrw id`qw qy pMjwb ivc kWgrs pwrtI ƒ iek vI sIt nw ij`qx id`qI[ 1999 ivc bwdl ny tOhVw nUM pwrtI iv`coN k`F id`qw[ ies mgroN 2002 ivc hoeIAW AsYNblI coxW ivc bwdl DVy nUM burI qrHW hwr hoeI[ 2004 ivc bwdl qy tOhVw iPr iek`Ty ho gey[ Agly swl SRomxI gurdvwrw pRbMDk kmytI dIAW coxW hoeIAW ijs ivc bwdl DVy dIAW sItW 95% qoN Gt ky 70% rih geIAW[ 2007 dIAW AsYNblI coxW ivc bwdl AkwlI dl ny 117 ivcoN isr& 46 sItW (kWgrs ny 41) ij`qIAW qy 19 SihrI sItW Bwjpw ij`q geI[ bwdl ny Bwjpw dI mdd nwl cI& minstrI hwisl kIqI[ 2012 dIAW AsYNblI coxW ivc mnpRIq bwdl dI pMjwb pIplz pwrtI ny kWgrs dIAW votW ^rwb kIqIAW ijs kr ky bwdl iPr qwkq ivc Aw igAw Aqy aus ny pMjwb hI nhIN blik SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM vI
qbwh kr id`qw[ pr lokW ny aus nUM ies dI szw id`qI qy 2017 dIAW AsYNblI coxW ivc AkwlI dl bwdl 117 ivcoN isr& 15 sItW hI ij`q sikAw[
SRomxI AkwlI dl is`KW dI sB qoN v`fI jmwq hY[ AkwlI dl is`KW dI bhuigxqI dI numwieMdgI krdw hY[ pr 1996 ivc, pRkwS isMG bwdl ny ies dw Dwrimk inSwnw bdl id`qw, jdoN aus ny ies dy mu`Fly AsUlW dw ^wqmw krn leI ZYr-is`KW ƒ Awpxy DVy dy dl ivc Swiml krn dI iejwzq dy id`qI[ mgroN prkwS bwdl gru`p ny iek-iek kr ky swrw is`K AjMfw ^qm kr id`qw[ ^ws kr ky 2005 qoN mgroN qW bwdl ny AYNtI-is`K AjMfw Apxw ilAw[ A`j bwdl DVw Awr.AYs. AYs. qoN vD AYNtI-is`K hY[ A`j keI hor in`ky-v`fy AkwlI dl vI kwiem hn[ bwdl gru`p qW is`K-duSmx ho cukw hY (qy bwkI gru`p bs zrw-mwsw hI vjUd rKdy hn)[
vDyry q&sIl vwsqy pVHo:
SromxI AkwlI dl (ieiqhws)
jW
is`K qvwrI^ (5 ijldW ivc).
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)