imQhws ivc dSrQ dw pu`qr rwm cMdr[ rmwiex muqæwibkæ ies dw jnm cyq sudI nON dy idn kOSilAw dI kuK qoN hoieAw sI[ ies ny viSSt qy vwmdyv qoN vyd Aqy hor ividAw pVHI sI Aqy ivSvwimqr qoN Ssqr ividAw leI sI[ jnkpurI ivc ies ny rwjw jnk dw DnuS qoV ky sIqw nwl ivAwh kIqw sI[ mqryeI mW kYkeI kwrn ies nUM cOdW swl dw bnvws k`txw ipAw sI[ ies dOrwn ies dy Brw lCmx v`loN sIqw dw Apmwn kIqy jwx dw bdlw lYx vwsqy rwvx sIqw nUM cuk ky lMkw lY igAw sI[ rwvx ny hnUmwn dI bWdr sYnw dI mdd nwl rwvx nUM mwr ky sIqw vwips ilAWdI sI Aqy ds hzwr swl AXoiDAw ivc rwj kIqw sI[ ies ny iek DobI dy imhxw mwrn kr ky sIqw nUM GroN k`F id`qw sI[ sIqw ny ies dy pu`qr lv nUM jnm id`qw sI; iek bwlk ivSvwimqr ny kuS (Gwh) qoN bxw id`qw sI[ ies ny iek vwr SMBUk nW dy iek SUdr nUM vyd pVHn kr ky kql kr id`qw sI[ rwm ny Awpxy pRwx srwXu ndI dy kMFy ’qy iqAwgy sn[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ ieh kwSI dw rwjw sI[ ies dy nW ’qy AXoiDAw ivc purwxI bwbrI msijd vwlI QW ’qy iek bhuq v`fw mMidr bxwieAw jw irhw hY[ pwlI koS ivc rwm qy sIqw iek dUjy dy BYx Brw d`sy hoey hn[ aus muqæwibkæ rwm ny AwpxI BYx nwl ivAwh kIqw sI.
imQhws ivc ies dI bMswvlI ieM\ d`sI hoeI hY:SRInwrwXx=bRhmw=mrIic= kSX@p= ivvs†qR (sUr@X)=vYlsÍq mnu= iek@SÍwku= kuik@S= ivkuik@S =purMjX (kkuqs@Q)= Anynw=ipRQu= ivSÍgMiD= Awr@dR (cMdRBwg)= Xvn (XvnwSÍ)= ivRhdSÍ= kuvlXwSÍ (DuMDumwr)= idRFwSÍ= hr@XSÍ = inkuMB= vr@hXwSÍ (bhulwSÍ) = ikRSwSÍ= synijq= XuvnwSÍ= mWDwqw= purukuq@s= iqRsdsÎu =AnrxÎ= hr@XSÍ= iqRbMDn (AqRwrux)= sqXvRq= iqRSMku = hirSçMdR =roihq = hirq= cMp= vsudyv= ivjX= Bruk= ivRk = vwhu (Aisq)= sgr= AsmMjs =AMSumwn= idlIp= BgIrQ =Sruqsyn= nwBwg (nwB)= isMDudÍIp= AMbrIS= AXuqwXu = irqupr@x= sr@vkwm= sudws= sOdws= ASm@k= mUlk (vilk)=sqÎvRq= AYfivf=ivSÍsh= KtÍMg= dIr@Gbwhu= idlIp= rGu=Aj= dSrQ= rwm cMdr.
rwm (gurU gRMQ swihb ivc)
ikhw jWdw hY ik gurU gRMQ swihb ivc “rwm” l&z qkrIbn 2500 vwrI AwieAw hY[ ieh TIk hY, pr, ies ivcoN krIb A`T vwrI nUM C`f ky bwkI hr QW “rwm” l&z Akwl purK, vwihgurU, prmwqmw vwsqy hY ijhVw hr QW “rimAw” hoieAw hY[ “rimAw” hoieAw dw mqlb hY “jo hr QW ivcrdw hY, mOjUd hY, smwieAw hoieAw hY[” gurU gRMQ swihb ivc krIb 2500 vwr iesy rmy hoey, rwm, rm`eIAw, rwm`eIAw dw hI izkr hY[
dUjy pwsy, AXuiDAw dy rwjy dSrQ dy pu`qr rwm dw izkr vI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc hY[ pr ieh isr& 8 QWvW ‘qy hY [ auh A`T hvwly ieh hn:
bMqr kI sYnw syvIAY min qin juJu Apwr]
(s&w 1412)
hxvMqru AwrwiDAw AwieAw kir sMjogu]
(s&w 1412)
ienHW A`TW ivcoN pihly CyAW slokW qoN iek AM\wxw vI smJ skdw hY ik ieQy AXuiDAw dy rwjy rwm cMd dw is`Dw izkr kIqw hY[ pihly slok ivc ikhw igAw hY ik isr& inrBau inrMkwr vwihgurU hI sB QW rimAw hoieAw hY Aqy (AXuiDAw vwly) rwm vrgy ikMny hI (rwjy vZYrw) G`tw-im`tI vWg iCx BMgr dw vjUd rKdy sn[ rwm vWg ikRSn vrigAW dIAW lIlHwvW Aqy AijhIAW hor khwxIAW ilKx vwlIAW ikqwbW (vyd vZYrw) vI bhuq hn[ dUjw slok rwvx v`loN AXuiDAw dy rwjy rwm cMd dI sIqw cuky jwx dw izkr kridAW aus rwm cMd nUM iek bybs, PisAw hoieAw qy lwcwr kihMdw hY (kI Bgvwn eynw ivcwrw huMdw hY?)[ qIjy slok ivc rwm nUM dys inkwly (bnvws) dw izkr kridAW, sIqw dy Agvw ho jwx Aqy aus nUM vwips hwisl krn dI lVweI ivc lCmx dy byhoS hox vyly rwjw rwm cMd dy rox qy ivrlwp krn dw hwl ibAwn kIqw hY[ cOQy slok ivc vI rwjw rwm cMd, hux, sIqw qy lCmx nUM bcwaux vwsqy bWdrW (hnUmwn) dI &Oj ‘qy hI tyk rKdw hY[ pMjvyN slok ivc vI iehI g`l duhrweI hoeI hY ik rwm cMd qW ivcwrw lwcwr hY qy mn ivc Jurdw hY[ auh hnUmwn dI imhr Aqy rihm sdkw hI vhutI Aqy Brw nUM bcwA skdw hY[ CyvyN slok ivc gurU swihb kihMdy hn ik dunIAW ivc Aijhy keI rwm Awey qy keI gey qy aunHW dy t`br, prvwr, ^wndwn vI bVy v`fy sn[ so ienHW CyAW slokW ivc sw& spSt qOr ‘qy AXuiDAw dy rwjy rwm cMd dw izkr hY Aqy ihMdU iesy rwm cMd nUM hI pRmwqmw smJ ky aus dI pUjw krdy hn[
ies imQhwsk “nwiek” rwjw rwm cMd dI izMdgI dI kQw mhwn kvI qulsI dws Aqy mhWirSI vwlmIkI jI v`loN ilKIAW rwmwiexW ivc pyS hY[ ienHW rwmwiexW ivcoN pqw lgdw hY ik ikvyN rwm qy aus dy iqMn BrwvW dw jnm hoieAw, ikvyN sIqw dw jnm hoieAw, ikvyN mqryeI mW ny v`s ivc kIqy pqI dSrQ qoN rwm nUM bnvws idvwieAw, ikvyN lCmx ny srupnKw dI byiezqI kIqI, ikvyN rwvx ny BYx dI byiezqI dw bdlw lYx vwsqy sIqw nUM Agvw kIqw (pr aus mhwn rwvx ny sIqw dy ijsm nUM h`Q qk nhIN lwieAw), ikvyN rwm ny vhutI vwips lYx vwsqy rwvx nwl jMg kIqw qy ies dOrwn lCmx z^mI hoieAw, ikvyN rwm ny ivrlwp kIqw qy iPr bWdrW dI &Oj qoN mdd mMgI, ikvyN rwm ny clwkI nwl duSmx nUM mwirAw, ikvyN rwm cMd ny DobI dy imhxw mwrn ’qy vhutI nUM GroN k`F idqw, ikvyN lCmx ’qy gu`sw kr ky aus nUM dunIAW C`fx ’qy mjbUr kIqw Aqy ikvyN SMBUk irSI nUM ies kr ky mrvw idqw ikauN ik auh AKOqI ACUq sI[ vDyry q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jOn fosn ilKq “ihMdU imiQhws koS”, BwSw ivBwg, 1998 dI AYfISn, s&y 99, 464 qoN 471, 474-76, 485-86)[
aupr id`qy A`T slokW ivc ies rwjy rwm cMd dw izkr kIqw hY, ijs nUM ihMdU lok pRmwqmw/Bgvwn mMndy hn Aqy aus dI pUjw krdy hn[ ihMdUAW nUM h`k hY ik auh ijs ’qy mrzI XkIn r`Kx qy ijs nUM jIA cwhy r`b mMnx[
auprly slokW ivcoN Aw^rI do (sqvW qy ATvW) slokW ivc gurU gRMQ swihb ivc pyS hoey rwjw rwm cMdr bwry ikhw igAw hY ik ijs rwjy rwm cMdr nUM kJ lok dyvqw mMndy hn auh prmwqmw nhIN hY[ prmwqmw qW kdy vI ienswn dI jUn ivc nhIN AwauNdw[ AXuiDAw vwly rwm cMd dw nW aus prmwqmw dy nW “rwm” vrgw hox kr ky hI swry BulyKy pey hn[ ieh qW iesy qrHW hY ijvyN lokW ny Awpxy b`icAW dy nW nwnk isMG, AMgd isMG, Arjn isMG, goibMd isMG rK ley[ ihMdUAW ivc vI sdIAW qoN b`icAW dy nW rwm, rwm cMd, rwm pwl r`Ky jWdy rhy hn qy r`Ky jw rhy hn[ iesy qrHW hI ihMdU Awpxy b`icAW dw nW ikRSn hI nhIN blik “mhwrwj ikRSn” vI rK lYNdy hn (isqwr dy bwdSwh ivlwieq KW nwl qbly dI sMgq krn vwly dw nW vI mhwrwj ikRSn hY)[ ies qoN ielwvw keI hor nW rwm ikSn, blrwm, vwsdyv, govrDn Aqy drjnW hor nW vI (ijhVy pRmwqmw dy nWvW vjoN jwxy jWdy hn) ihMdU mwpy Awpxy b`icAW nUM dyNdy sn[ iesy soc nwl hI AXuiDAw dy rwjy dSrQ ny vI Awpxy sB qoN v`fy b`cy dw nW pRmwqmw dy iek nW rwm dy nW ’qy rK idqw hovygw[ ieM\ hI duAwrkw dy bwbw vwsdyv nY Awpxy b`icAW dy nW pRmwqmw dy nWvW ikRSn, blrwm vgYrw r`Ky hoxgy[ ikauNik auh rwjy sn ies kr ky lyKkW ny aunHW dIAW lIlHwvW (khwxIAW) bxweIAW Aqy ies bwry ikqwbW ilK idqIAW [ mgroN Boly lokW ny ieh ikqwbW pVH ky ienHW rwijAW nUM hI pRmwqmw mMnxw SurU kr idqw:
jugh jugh ky rwjy kIey gwvih kir AvqwrI] iqn BI AMqu n pwieAw qw kw ikAw kir AwiK vIcwrI] (s&w 423)
is`K &ls&y muqæwibkæ pRmwqmw kdy vI ienswnI jwmy ivc dunIAW ‘qy nhIN AwauNdw Aqy ijhVI zbwn pRmwqmw dy Avqwr Dwr ky ienswnI jwmy ivc Awaux dI g`l krdI hY aus zbwn nUM sV jwxw (jW swV idqw jwxw) cwhIdw hY: so muK jlau ijqu khih Twkuru jonI] jnm nw mrY n AwvY nw jwie] nwnk kw pRBu rihAw smwie] (s&w 1136).
gurU gRMQ swihb ivc qW AXuiDAw dy rwjy rwm cMdr nUM iCx-BMgr dw (vkqI) mMinAw igAw hY[ ijvyN DrqI ’qy im`tI-G`tw (rvwl) aufdw hY Aqy iPr ies ivc hI iml jWdw hY, iesy qrHW rwm cMdr vrgy keI rwjy Awey Aqy Awpxw vkq pUrw kr ky rvwl (im`tI-G`tw) vWg pMj q`qW ivc smw gey:nwnk inrBau inrMkwru hoir kyqy rwm rvwl (s&w 464).
so gurU gRMQ swihb ivc ies AXuiDAw vwly rwm dw izkr isr& A`T SbdW ivc 10 (rwm 8 qy rwmu 2) vwr AwieAw hY pr prmwqmw, jo hr Qw “rimAw hoieAw” hY, aus “rwm” dw izkr qkrIbn 2017 vwr (rwm 1705 vwr, rwmu 250 vwr, rwmw 27 vwr, rwim 7 vwr, rmeIAw 26 vwr, rmeIAY 2 vwr) AwieAw hY[ gurU gRMQ swihb ivc r`b nUM rwm (dunIAW ivc rimAw/rm`eIAw hoieAw) hI nhIN blik bhuq swry nWvW (jo aus dIAW ^UbIAW/gux d`sy/zwihr kIqy hoey hn) nwl Xwd kIqw hoieAw hY, ijvyN murwrI (mur dYNq nUM mrn vwlw), gopwl/goivMd (go/DrqI nUM pwlx vwlw), bnvwlI (dunIAW rUpI bn dw mwlI/rwKw), mDUsUdn (mDU dYNq nUM mwrn vwlw) , Twkur (mwlk), pRBU (mwlk), pRmwqmw (prm Awqmw), jgdIS (jgq dw mwlk), inrMkwr (Awkwr rihq), nwrwiex (swry nrW/jIvW dw smuMdr, Xwin swirAW ivc smwieAw hoieAw) Awidk.