bIbI pRDwn kOr pitAwly dy bwbw Awlw isµG dy pu`qr rwjw BUmIAw isµG dI bytI sI[ ies dI mµgxI BweI gurbKS isµG (rwm kuier) dy vfy pu`qr mohr isµG nwl hoeI sI[gurbKS isµG dy nMdyV qoN vwps Awaux mgroN ies dw ivAwh hoieAw sI[ pRDwn kOr dy Gr iek pu`qr rUp isµG pYdw hoieAw sI jo CotI aumr iv`c clwxw kr igAw sI[ ies mgroN pRDwn kOr ny Awp zor pw ky Awpxy pqI mohr isµG nUM dUjI SwdI leI rwzI kIqw sI[ bIbI dy kihx ’qy mohr isµG dw ivAwh kµdovwlI dy zmINdwr lµgr isµG dI bytI dyso nwl hoieAw sI[ bIbI dyso qoN vfBwg isµG pYdw hoieAw sI jo sq swl dI aumr ivc clwxw kr igAw sI qy mwqw dyso vI clwxw kr geI sI[ iPr pRDwn kOr ny Awpxy pqI mohr isµG dI qIjI SwdI bYˆs ipµf dy zmINdwr dI DI insqwrW nwl kIqI sI[ ies qoN do pu`qr vfw Swm isµG qy Cotw AwBw isµG pYdw hoey sn[
Swm isµG dw AwpxI v`fI mW pRDwn kOr nwl bhuq ipAwr sI[ ieh pRDwn kOr dy hI pu`qr kr ky hI jwxy jWdy sn; jo pitAwlw rwj BUmIAw isµG dy dohqy hI khy jWdy sn[ pRDwn kOr ny Swm isµG leI mh`l bxvwey sn[ mh`l dy burjW ’qy hr vyly &OjI iqAwr-br-iqAwr KVHy rihµdy sn[ iklHy vrgy mhl dI kµD eynI cOVI sI ik cwr GoVy iek`Ty dOV skdy sn[ mihl dy ivc hI pwxI dy hOz bxvwey hoey sn[ Swm isµG sdw iek mhwrwjw vWg hI ivcrdw sI[ aunHW ny pRDwn kOr dI hdwieq hyT pµj iklHy vI bxvwey sn[ pihlw iklHw Swmpurw, jo Jµfw rwmdws qoN phwV dI bwhI cVHdy pwsy hY; dUjw Swhpur, jo Jµfw rwmdws qoN 10 iklomItr dI iv`Q ’qy au~qr-p`Cm v`l hY; qIjw iklHw Swmngr ivc; qy cOQw BµgwlI ipMf ivc bxvwieAw sI[ aunHW ny hiQAwr sur`iKAq r`Kx leI ‘dmdmw’ vI bxvwieAw sI, jo gurduAwrw swihb ivc hI hY[ pRDwn kOr ny ieh ‘dmdmw’ ies qrIky nwl iqAwr krvwieAw sI ik iksy vI qrHW duSmx ies dw nukswn nw kr sky[ dmdmy dy Bwry drvwzy qW sn hI, nwl hI Aµdr hI iek KUhI lvweI sI ijs dI BOxI au~pr qIjI mµizl ’qy lgI hoeI sI[ au~proN pwxI iek qwry vWg nzr Awaux kr ky, ies ƒ ‘AsmwnI KUhI’ ikhw jWdw sI[ pRDwn kOr Swm isµG dI dyh Arog bxweI rKx leI pµdrW sO eykV ivc ihrnIAW rKvweIAW sn[ ihrnIAW dw du`D Swm isµG ƒ idqw jWdw sI[
pRDwn kOr aunHW simAW ivc sB qoN vD pVHI ilKI AOrq sI[gurbKS isµG (aur& BweI rwm kuier) vloN ilKweIAW swKIAW dy gRµQ ienHW kol hI huµdy sn[
nvµbr 1766 ivc pRDwn kOr dy pqI mohr isµG dI mOq ho geI sI qy ies mgroN auh Awpxy pyky ipµf brnwly clI geI sI[ aus vyly brnwlw iek ipMf hI sI; ie`Qy koeI sqsµg nhIN sI; koeI sµgq nhIN sI; koeI bwxI dw pRvwh nhIN sI[ pRDwn kOr ny AµimRqsr qoN pMifq in`kw isµG inrmly ƒ brnwly sd ilAw sI[
pRDwn kOr dy ipqw rwjw BUmIAw isµG (pu`qr bwbw Awlw isµG pitAwlw) ny AwpxI bytI ƒ 30 ipMf dy idqy sn, ijnHW dI Awmdn qoN pRDwn kOr Awpxy ^rc clwaux lg peI sI[ brnwly ivc roj dIvwn sjdy sn; pRDwn kOr ny sqsµg kIrqn leI iek bwrWdrI bxvweI hoeI sI ij`Qy pµifq in`kw isµG k`Qw kIrqn krdw huµdw sI[ mgroN ieh bwrWdrI Aqy KufIAW ipµf mwqw pRDwn kOr ny pµifq in`kw isµG ƒ Ardws kr idqy sn[ ies dw ptw brnwly bwbw gWDw isµG jI dI bwrWdrI (Drmswlw) ivc Aj vI mOjUd hY[ pRDwn kOr ny iek hvylI qy buµgw vI bxvwieAw sI[ ies dw nwm ‘mlveI buµgw’ krIky pRis`D sI[ pRDwn kOr ny brnwly ivKy rmdws dI qrz qy keI bwZ qy KUh lgvwey sn; ijnHW dy inSwn hux qk kwiem hn[ brnwly ivc hI pRDwn kOr dw Aw^rI smW AwieAw sI[(lyKk: fw. AmrjIq kOr iebn klW).