Archives: Sikhs Biographies Punjabi

k`lHw rwie

rwie klHw (pu`qr rwey Aihmd Aqy poqw qulsI rwm), iek rwjpUq prvwr nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ aus dI irhwieS rweykot (hux izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc sI[ auh iqhwV-jgrwEN dy ielwky dw hwkm sI[

rwie klHw dI bytI dI SwdI kotlw inhMg ^wn dy muKI BweI inhMg ^wn dy byty Awlm ^wn nwl hoeI sI[

AnMdpur swihb C`fx (5-6 dsMbr 1705) mgroN cmkOr (7 dsMbr 1705) Aqy mwCIvwVw ivc (7 qoN 10 dsMbr qk) rukx mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI mwlvy vl cl pey[ auh 17 dsMbr 1705 dy idn lMmw j`tpurw vwlI QW ’qy pu`jy[ eyQy BweI rwey klHw ny gurU jI nUM jI AwieAW ikhw Aqy aunHW dI syvw kIqI[aus ny Awpxy swQI nUrw mwhI nUM srhMd Byj ky mwqw gujrI Aqy b`icAW dI ShIdI Aqy tofr m`l pRvwr v`loN aunHW dw sskwr kIqy jwx dI ^br dI qsdIk krvweI[

jd guru jI nUM ieh ^br imlI qW rwey klHw ny bhuq A&sos zwihr kIqw[ guru jI ny aus nUM ikhw ik ieh sB r`b dw Bwxw hY qy swnUM swirAW nUM aus dy hukm A`gy isr Jukwauxw cwhIdw hY[ ies smyN guru jI ny qlvwr dI nok nwl zmIn ivcoN iek kwhI dw bUtw auKwVnw SurU kIqw[ rwey klHw ny ies kOqk dw Bwv pu`iCAw qW guru jI ny ikhw ik hux qurk rwj dIAW jVHW auKV jwxgIAW; ienHW dw rwj nhIN rhygw[ jd rwey klHw ny guru jI vl svwlIAw nzrW nwl vyiKAw qW aunHW ikhw ik rweykot guru dy syvk dw Gr hY; ies dw kuJ nhIN ivgVygw[

eyQoN jwx qoN pihlW gurU jI ny aus nUM AwpxI qlvwr (ieh qlvwr mgroN aus poqy ny luiDAwxy dy iek ifptI kimSnr nUM dy id`qI sI, jo ieMfIAw Awi&s lMfn phuMcw id`qI geI sI[ ies mgroN aus dw kuJ pqw nhIN l`gw) Aqy gMgw swgr nW dw lotw Byt kIqw (gMgw swgr Aj vI aus pRvwr dy vwirsW kol hY)[

1731 ivc jd rwey klHw bzurg ho igAw qW pitAwlw dy rwjw Awlw isMG ny hmlw kr ky aus dw kuJ ielwkw kbzy ivc kr ilAw[ rwey ielIAws ies pRvwr dw Aw^rI hwkm sI[ 1947 ivc ieh prvwr cIcw vqnI (pwiksqwn) clw igAw sI[ hux ienHW dy prvwr dy kuJ Gr pwiksqwn qy kuJ ivdySW ivc rih rhy hn.

(gurU jI v`loN rwey klHw nUM Byt kIqw ‘gMgw swgr’ lotw, ies prvwr dy rwey AzIzu`lw dy h`QW ivc)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kn`eIAw imsl

1748 ivc Kwlsw &OjW dy 65 j`Qy v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc ivcr rhy sn[ ienHW 65 j`iQAW dy muKI hyT ilKy sn: 1. nvwb kpUr isMG (pu`qr BweI n`QU, ipMf &Yzlwpur, hux isMGpur), 2. s: j`sw isMG (ipMf AwhlU), 3. s: hrI isMG BMgI, 4. s: jY isMG (ipMf kwnHw), 5. s: Zulwb isMG (ipMf f`lyvwl), 6. s: nOD isMG (ipMf sukrck), 7. s: kroVw isMG (pMjvV), 8. s: nMd isMG (sW|nw), 9. dIp isMG (ipMf phUivMf), 10. s: hIrw isMG (ipMf bwhVvwl, qihsIl cUnIAw, n`kw ielwkw), 11. s: dsONDw isMG kot bu`Fw, 12. s: j`sw isMG (ipMf eIcoigl, mgroN rwmgVHIAw), 13. s: JMfw isMG (pMjvV), 14. s: gMfw isMG (pMjvV), 15. s: n`Qw isMG (pMjvV), 16. s: mihqwb isMG K`K, 17. s: cVHq isMG (ipMf kwnHw), 18. s: dIvwn isMG, 19. s: g`ujr isMG, 20. s: grjw isMG, 21. s: inbwhU isMG (pu`qr BweI lwlW, ipMf BusrIvwl), 22. s: lihxw isMG (ipMf musq&wbwd, nyVy krqwrpur), 23. s: PUlw isMG (ipMf roVWvwlw), 24 s: sWvl isMG rMDwvw (ipMf bwGw), 25. s: gurb^S isMG (ipMf fofw), 26. s: duMbw isMG (kwlWvwlw), 27. s: qwrw isMG (cYnpur), 28. s: bwG isMG (kot seIAd muhMmd), 29. s: hkIkq isMG (pu`qr cODrI bGylw, ipMf vfwlw sMDUAW), 30. s: mihqwb isMG (pu`qr cODrI bGylw, ipMf vfwlw sMDUAW), 31. s: JMfw isMG (ipMf kwnHw), 32. s: qwrw isMG (pu`qr BweI hrso, ipMf kwnHw), 33. s: mnohr isMG (pu`qr BweI hrso, ipMf kwnHw), 34. s: soBw isMG (BqIjw jY isMG, ipMf kwnHw), 35. s: BIm isMG (BqIjw jY isMG, ipMf kwnHw), 36. s: Amr isMG (ipMf vwhgw), 37. s: soBw isMG BIkw, 38. s: bGyl isMG (ipMf Jbwl), 39. s: hrI isMG flyvwl, 40. s: Zulwb isMG mjITIAw (nOD isMG sukrckIAw dw shurw), 41. s: mihqwb isMG julkw, 42. s: l`jw isMG, 43. s: hro isMG, 44. s: Amr isMG (ipMf ikMgrw), 45. s: jIvn isMG (ipMf iklHw jIvn isMG), 46. s: swihb isMG (isAwlkot), 47. s: n`Qw isMG, 48. s: mohr isMG (ipMf rwxIAw), 49. s: mnohr isMG (ipMf rwxIAw), 50. s: bwG isMG lMkw &rMkIAw, 51. s: JMfw isMG (ipMf sulqwnivMf), 52. s: imrzw isMG kwhloN, 53. s: Swm isMG mwn (ipMf bulwkI c`k), 54. s: mwlw isMG (ipMf bulwkI c`k), 55. s: bhwl isMG (Sy^Upur), 56. s: Amr isMG (Sy^Upur), 57. s: gMgw isMG, 58. s: lwl isMG, 59: qwrw isMG (mwnWvwlw), 60. s: rUp isMG, 61. s: mihqwb isMG, 62. s: AnUp isMG, 63. s: qwrw isMG ZYbw, 64. s: Drm isMG, 65. s: su`Kw isMG (ipMf mwVI kMbo)[

29 mwrc 1748 dy idn srb`q Kwlsw dw iek Aihm iek`T Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hoieAw[srb`q Kwlsw dy ies iek`Ty ny swry 65 jiQAW ƒ 11 imslW ivc vMfx dw gurmqw kIqw[ gurmqy muqwibk (nvwb) kpUr isMG srb`q Kwlsw dy jQydwr Aqy s: j`sw isMG AwhUlvwlIAw dl Kwlsw (Xwin swrI Kwlsw &Oj) dy jQydwr bxwey gey [ hr iek imsl dI kmwn iek jQydwr ƒ sONpI geI [ ieh imslW qy ies dy AwgU hyT ilKy sn: 1. AwhlUvwlIAw imsl (s: j`sw isMG) 2. BMgI imsl (s: hrI isMG) 3. f`lyvwlIAw imsl (s: Zulwb isMG ) 4. &YzlwpurIAw imsl (s: kpUr isMG) 5. kn`eIAw imsl (s: jY isMG kwhnw) 6. kroV isMGIAw imsl (s: kroVw isMG) 7. n`keI imsl (s: hIrw isMG) 8. inSwnvwlIAw imsl (s: dsONDw isMG) 9. nMd isMG sW|xIAw imsl (s: nMd isMG sW|xw)[ mgroN ies ƒ imsl sM|wxIAW qy iPr rwmgVHIAW ikhw jwx l`g ipAw 10. sukrckIAw imsl (s: nOD isMG) 11. dIp isMG dI imsl (dIp isMG) mgroN ies ƒ imsl ShIdW ikhw jwx l`g ipAw sI)[

kneIAw imsl dw moFI BweI jY isMG sMDU (pu`qr KuShwl isMG) vwsI ipMf kwnHw ipMf (ijlHw lwhOr) sI (ies kr ky ies nUM imsl aus dy ipMf dy nW ’qy kn`eIAw dw nW id`qw igAw sI)[ aupr izkr kIqy 65 ivcoN Gto-Gt 7 j`Qy iek`ly kwnHw ipMf dy sn[ kneIAw imsl ivc hkIkq isMG, jIvn isMG, qwrw isMG, mihqwb isMG (cwry vwsI ipMf julkw, kwnHw qoN 6 iklomItr) vI Swiml sn[ ies imsl ny 1754 ivc lwhOr ’qy vI hmlw kIqw sI[ 1763 ivc iek bRwhmx dI pqnI Cufwaux vwsqy ksUr ’qy hmlw krn ivc vI auh Swiml sI[kneIAw imsl kol A`T hzwr GoVsvwr sn[

1754 ivc jY isMG dy Brw JMfw isMG dI iek lVweI ivc mOq ho geI[ jY isMG ny Brw dI ivDvw dysW nwl ivAwh kr ilAw[ jY isMG ny nwg, hwjIpur, dwqwrpur, pTwnkot, Drmkot, sujwnpur qy mukyrIAW dw kw&I ielwkw ij`q ilAw[ jY isMG ny 1770 jMmU dy nyVy qk dw ielwkw vI ij`q ilAw sI qy ie`QoN dw rwjw aus nUM Krwj dyx lg ipAw sI[ 1778 ivc jY isMG ny mhW isMG sukrc`kIAw Aqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nwl iml ky j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ƒ hrwieAw[ 1784 ivc aus ny kWgVy dw iklHw vI ij`q ilAw[ 1785 ivc, AwpxI 7 swl purwxI hwr dw bdlw lYx vwsqy, j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny mhW isMG Aqy sMswr cMd ktocIey nwl iml ky ies ’qy Acl vtwlw ivc hmlw kr idqw[ ies lVweI ivc jY isMG dw pu`qr gurbKS isMG mwirAw igAw[

jY isMG Awp vI 1793 ivc cVHweI kr igAw[ aus mgroN aus dI ivDvw-ƒh sdw kOr ny imsl dI vwgfor sMBwlI[ ies vyly qk ies imsl dI hkUmq btwlw, klwnOr, dInwngr, mukyrIAW, kwdIAW vgYrw ’qy sI[ sdw kOr ny isAwsI sUJ-bUJ idKwauNidAW Awpxy pqI dy kwqlW dy iek mhW isMG dy pu`qr rxjIq isMG (mgroN mhwrwjw) nwl AwpxI DI mihqwb kOr dw ivAwh kr idqw[ sdw kOr ny aus dIAW swrIAW muihMmW ivc AwpxI &Oj nwl AglIAW s&W ivc Swiml ho ky lVweI ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ jy sdw kOr dw swQ nw huMdw qW rxjIq isMG Swied lwhOr ’qy vI kbzw nw kr skdw[ sdw kOr nUM aus ny pOVI bxw ky slqnq kwiem kIqI sI[ pr sdw kOr nUM ieh pqw nhIN sI ik ieh rxjIq isMG aus nUM vrq irhw sI qy AMdroN aus nUM inglx vwsqy hmySw iqAwr sI[ hoieAw vI ieM\ hI! 1821 ivc rxjIq isMG ny aus ƒ DoKy nwl kYd kr ky aus dw ielwkw Koh ilAw[ auh 1832 ivc rxjIq isMG dI kYd ivc hI mr geI[

knHeIAw imsl dw iek hor AwgU Julkw ipMf dw hkIkq isMG is`DU sI[ aus kol pTwnkot, klwnOr qy AkwlgVH dy ielwky sn[ 1782 ivc auh cVHweI kr igAw qy imsl dI kmWf aus dy nwbwlZ pu`qr jYml isMG ny sMBwlI[ aus dI DI cMd kOr dw ivAwh rxjIq isMG dy pu`qr KVg isMG nwl hoieAw[ 1812 ivc jYml isMG mr igAw[ ies mgroN rxjIq isMG ny ies imsl dw ielwkw Awpxy kbzy ivc kr ilAw. {ipMf kwhnw lwhOr izlHy ivc, lwhOr-ksUr rof ’qy, lwhOr qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr hY. vyKo: kwhnw}.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwnHw

iek khwxI muqwibk ieh gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN dw is`K sI iek vwr ieh lypn kr irhw sI qW iek iC`tw gurU jI dy kpiVAW ’qy pY igAw[ ies ’qy gurU jI nUM gu`sw Aw igAw qy aunHW ny hukm kIqw ik ies nUM qmwcw (cpyV) mwro[ ieh sux ky auQy hwzr is`KW ivcoN keIAW ny aus nUM cpyVW mwrIAW[

gurU jI ny aunHW nUM ikhw ik mYN qmwcw mwrn vwsqy ikhw sI nw ik qmwcy[ sB ny ikhw ik gurU dw hukm sI qy sB nUM mMnxw cwhIdw hY[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny ikhw ik AwpxI DI ies nUM idE; ies ’qy swry cup ho gey (Xwin gurU dw hukm nhIN mMinAw)[ kMDwr vwsI Ajb isMG ny AwpxI DI aus nUM Arpx krnw (aus nwl ivAwhuxw) mMinAw[

ho skdw hY ik ieh khwxI scmuc dI Gtnw nw hovy blik nsIhq dyx vwsqy GVI geI hovy (hwlWik kwnH isMG nwBw muqwibk ies kwnHw isMG dw pu`qr vswKw isMG v`fw isdkI hoieAw sI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwnHw (kvI)

sqwrHvIN sdI dw lwhOr vwsI iek KqrI, ijs ny kuJ kivqwvW dI rcnw vI kIqI sI[

iek kwlpink khwxI muqwibk jd gurU Arjn swihb Awid gRMQ dw sMpwdn kr rhy sn qW Swh husYn, C`jU, pIlo qy ieh kwnHw (aus nUM kwnHw Bgq iliKAw vI imldw hY) AwpxIAW kivqwvW lY ky Awey Aqy aunHW nUM aus gRMQ ivc Swiml krn vwsqy ikhw, pr gurU jI ny aunHW nUM suxn qoN bwAd r`d kr id`qw[

ieh g`p khwxI hY; gurU jI ny AijhI koeI fONfI nhIN sI iptvweI qy nw hI kvIAW nUM sunhy Byj ky AwpxIAW kivqwvW ilAwaux vwsqy ikhw sI[ gurU jI kol pihly cwr gurU swihbwn dI ilKI Aqy aunHW v`loN iek`qr kIqI swrI bwxI pihlW hI mOjUd sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwnHw

jMmU vwsI BweI kwnHw gurU hir rwie swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ mwrc 1660 ivc gurU hir rwie swihb kSmIr dOry qoN vwpsI smyN jd jMmU ngrI pu`jy qW BweI kwnHw ielwky dIAW is`K sMgqW nUM nwl lY ky gurU jI dy drSn krn vwsqy AwieAw sI[

BweI svrUp isMG kOiSS ny ‘gurU kIAW swKIAW’ dI swKI nMbr 6 ivc aus dw zkr kIqw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwnH isMG

BweI kwnH isMG nUM mnI isMG nwl 24 jUn 1734 dy idn lwhOr ivc ShId kIqw igAw sI[ BweI kwnH isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr syvw isMG ilKq ‘ShId iblws’ ivc ieMj AwieAw hY:

muhkm isMG qy cYn isMG, kIrq isMG blvwn]
Awlm isMG, isMG AaulIAw, sMgq isMG, isMG kwn]
ieq Awidk sB muKI is`K, gYl mnI isMG joie]
kSt dIXo bhu Kwn ny, kQn bIc nih koie] (ShId iblws, s&w 92).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwnH isMG qryhn

ieh gurU AMgd swihb dy v`fy pu`qr dwqU dI kul ivcoN bwvw ibnod isMG dw pu`qr sI[

bMdw isMG 5 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn nMdyV qoN pMjwb vl cl ipAw[rqn isMG BMgU muqwibk gurU jI ny aus dw swQ dyx vwsqy kuJ isMG vI nwl Byjy[ (BMgU ienHW nUM „pMj muKI isMG‟ kihMdw hY qy ienHW dy nW ibnod isMG, kwhn isMG, bwj isMG, rx isMG qy rwm isMG ilKdw hY[

srUp isMG kOiSS dI „gurU kIAW swKIAW‟ Aqy B`t vhIAW ivc ienHW pMjW ivcoN rx isMG qy rwm isMG dw koeI izkr nhIN hY (ho skdw hY ik rqn isMG ny Asl nW pqw nw lg skx kr ky Awpxy koloN pw id`qy hox[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik ieh nW AKOqI q`q Kwlsw ny mgroN prcwry hox)[

ibnod isMG ny bMdw isMG dw pUrw swQ id`qw[ cpVicVI dI lVweI ivc aus dw bhuq Aihm rol sI[ ^w&I ^wn muqwibk ies lVweI ivc vzIr ^wn golI l`gx nwl mirAw sI[ aus muqwibk Syr muhMmd ^wn mlyrkotly vwly ny ibnod isMG ‘qy hmlw kIqw[ eyny ivc iek golI vzIr ^wn nUM l`gI qy auh mr igAw qy Syr muhMmd ^wn dw iDAwn aus pwsy v`l ho igAw qy ibnod isMG bc igAw sI[

Qwnysr ngr nUM ij`qx mgroN bMdw isMG ny ibnod isMG ƒ ies ngr dI hkUmq sONp idqI sI[ Agsq 1710 ivc Xmnw pwr m`lHW mwrn mgroN bMdw isMG ny vI pMjwb vl vwpsI SurU kr idqw[ aus ny ibnod isMG Aqy rwm isMG ƒ cwr-cwr hzwr svwr dy ky pwnIpq Aqy qrwvVI ‟qy kbjw krn vwsqy Byj idqw sI[

AkqUbr 1710 ivc bwdSwh ny bhuq v`fI &Oj nUM bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy Byj id`qw[ aus dI ByjI &Oj dw pihlw AYkSn qrwvVI nyVy, 10 nvMbr 1710 dy idn hoieAw sI[ bhwdr Swh dI ByjI 60 hzwr &Oj iv`coN i&roz ^wn myvwqI dI &Oj ny is`KW ‟qy ieh hmlw kurUkSyqr nyVy (kurUkSyqr qrwvVI rof „qy kurUkSyqr qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) ipMf AmIn dI jUh ivc kIqw sI[ is`K jrnYl ibnod isMG kol ies vyly bhuq QoVHIAW &OjW qy mwmUlI ijhw Aslw sI pr iPr vI aunHW ny zbrdsq t`kr id`qI[ pihlW qW mugl &OjW dw jrnYl mhwbq ^wn is`KW dy h`ly qoN fr ky ip`Cy ht igAw pr iPr i&roz ^wn myvwqI gu`sw Kw ky Awp A`gy viDAw Aqy swrIAW &OjW ƒ iek dm h`lw bolx vwsqy ikhw[ ies mgroN Gmswx dI jMg hoeI[ pr do-cwr hzwr is`K &OjI, 60 hzwr muZl &OjW A`gy, bhuqI dyr qk itk nw sky Aqy sFOrw v`l B`j gey[ ies mOky ‟qy sYNkVy is`K ShId ho gey[

ieh g`l Awm khI jWdI hY ik bMdw isMG qy ibnod isMG ivckwr gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc (ApYrl 1715 qoN dsMbr 1715) &rk Awey sn qy ibnod isMG lV ky Gyrw qoVdw hoieAw inkl igAw sI[ pr ieh g`l shI nhIN hY[ hW, 9 julweI 1714 ƒ bwdSwh dy drbwr ivc srkwrI hrkwry AnMd rwE v`loN pu`jI irport ivc disAw igAw sI ik aunHW idnW ivc hI bwj isMG (ibnod isMG nhIN) iek v`fI &Oj lY ky (Swied 14-15 hzwr) bMdw isMG qoN Alihdw ho igAw sI qy aus ny Awpxw fyrw mwKovwl (AnMdpur) ivc lw ilAw sI[ aunHW dw inSwnw muZl &Oj nUM do muhwzW ‟qy tor ky aunHW dI qwkq nUM vMfxw sI[

kuJ lyKkW ny AKOqI q`q Kwlsw Aqy AKOqI bMdeI Kwlsw dw “JgVw” bVI q&sIl nwl ibAwn kIqw hY[ rqn isMG BMgU ies dw mu`F srhMd ‟qy kbzy dy nwl hI bMnH dyNdw hY[ aus muqwibk muglW ny pihlW qW AjIq isMG pwilq ƒ nzrbMd kr ky aus ƒ Awpxy nwl rlw ilAw Aqy “gurU dw c`k” (AMimRqsr) dI jwgIr vI aus nUM dy idqI[ ies mgroN aunHW ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI pqnI (BMgU nW nhIN ilKdw; Swied mwqw suMdr kOr hovygI) koloN bMdw isMG ƒ ic`TI (AKOqI hukmnwmw) ilKvweI[ aus ny bMdw isMG ƒ iliKAw ik “qUµ swihbzwidAW dy kql dw bdlw lY ilAw hY qy phwVI rwijAW ƒ szw dy idqI hY[ ies kr ky hux jMg bMd kr dyh qy muZlW qoN jwgIrW lY ky sOKI izMdgI bsr kr[” pr bMdw isMG ny ies ic`TI dI prvwh nw kIqI[ aultw aus ny ieh ikhw ik “muZlW qoN jwgIr lYxw ^udkuSI krn dy brwbr hovygw[ bMdw isMG ny ieh vI ikhw ik “mYN koeI bdlw nhIN sI lYxw qy nw mYN hkUmq krnI hY, mYN qW zulm ^qm krn vwsqy gurU swihb dw hukm vjw irhw hW[”

iPr rqn isMG BMgU ies ƒ iek swl A`gy iljw ky &r`^sIAr dy zmwny ivc lY jWdw hY[ hux mwqw is`KW ƒ ic`TI ilK ky bMdy dw swQ C`fx vwsqy AwKdI hY[ rqn isMG BMgU qW aus koloN bMdw isMG ƒ “srwp” vI idvw dyNdw hY[ ies dy nwl hI ibnod isMG ƒ A`frw huMdw idKw ky lyKk ipMf kohwlI ivc bMdw isMG qy ibnod isMG DVy dI lVweI krvw ky bMdy ƒ hrvw dyNdw hY[ pr BMgU ies DVy (ijs ƒ auh q`q Kwlsw dw nW dy dyNdw hY) ƒ muZlW nwl smJOqw krdw idKw dyNdw hY qy aunHW ƒ muglW qoN nOkrIAW, jgIrW Aqy hor shUlqW idvw dyNdw hY[ ies mgroN bMdw isMG gurdwspur vl clw jWdw hY qy AKOqI q`q-Kwlsw AMimRqsr ivc fyrw jmwA lYNdw hY[ hux muZl q`q Kwlsw qoN bMdw isMG dw rwz lY ky (mu^brI/twaUtI krvw ky) bMdw isMG dw ip`Cw krdy hn qy A^Ir bMdw isMG ƒ ^qm kr ny hI swh lYNdy hn[

dUjy pwsy gurdws nMgl dy Gyry ivcoN ibnod isMG dy inkl jwx dI g`l vI nwmumikn hY[ aus duAwly Gyrw eynw zbrdsq sI ik au~QoN koeI bc ky nhIN sI jw skdw[ hW au~Qy rukx ƒ nwmnzUr kr ky Gyrw pYx qoN pihlW hI (mwrc 1716 ivc hI) inkl jwxw qW mMinAw jw skdw hY[ pr ies dw mqlb bMdw isMG nwl duSmxI nhIN ho skdI sI[

Aijhw jwpdw hY ik bMdw isMG bhwdr dy grdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc iGr jwx vyly kwhn isMG qy ibnod isMG bMdw isMG dy nwl nhIN sn ikauNik auh 1734 ivc Kwlsw &Oj nUM jQybMd krn vwly hoeI bYTk ivc hwzr sn[ 1734 ivc ^wlsw &Oj ƒ pUrI qrHW jQybMd krn vwsqy iek iek`T Akwl buMgy ‟qy bulwieAw igAw[ ies smyN swrI is`K &Oj ƒ do ih`isAW ivc vMf id`qw igAw[ vfyrI aumr dy is`K „bu`Fw dl‟ dw ih`sw bx gey Aqy nOjvwn „qruxw dl‟ dw ih`sw bxy[ bu`Fw dl dy pMj jQy bxwey gey[ ienHW dy mu`KI sn: (1) bwbw dIp isMG phUivMfIey (2) jIvn isMG qy bIr isMG (3) kwhn isMG qy BweI ibnod isMG goieMdvwlIey (4) Drm isG qy krm isMG gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) vwly (5) dsONDw isMG kot bu`Fw vwlw[ ienHW pMjW dw fyrw drbwr swihb ivc r`iKAw igAw[

ies qoN mgroN kwhn isMG Aqy ibnod isMG bwry koeI jwxkwrI nhIN imldI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwnH isMG rwTOr

BweI kwnH isMG (pu`qr nyqw isMG, poqw BweI rwmw rwTOr qy pVpoqw BweI suKIAw mWfn 30 jnvrI 1704, dy idn AnMdpur ivc ShId hoieAw sI[

jnvrI 1704 ivc kwnH isMG AnMdpur swihb ivc hwzr sI[ aunHW idnW ivc iblwspur Aqy hMfUr (hux nwlwgVH) dy rwjy is`KW nwl bVI Kwr Kwx lg pey sn[ hwlWik ienHW dohW irAwsqW dy purwxy rwijAW ƒ gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny 1619 ivc gvwlIAr iklHy dy kYd ivcoN irhw krvwieAw sI, pr iPr vI aunHW dy ieh vwirs Aihswn-&rwmoSW vWg hrkqW krdy rihMdy sn[ hwlWik AkqUbr 1700 dy A^Ir ivc iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd dI dwdI dy jIjy rwjw slwhI cMd ny TMf vrqw id`qI sI pr aus dI mOq (25 AkqUbr 1702) mgroN Ajmyr cMd Pyr iv`tr igAw sI Aqy is`KW nwl Pyr pM|y lYx l`g ipAw sI[ ies kr ky is`KW Aqy phwVIAW ivc Pyr JVpW hox l`g peIAW sn[ is`KW Aqy phwVIAW ivckwr c`l rhI ieh kSmkS A^Ir audoN iek lVweI ivc bdl geI jdoN m`Gr sudI 5, sMmq 1760 (30 jnvrI 1704), AYqvwr dy idn iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny hMfUrI rwjy nwl iml ky AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ieh lVweI FweI pihr (s`q-A`T GMty) cldI rhI sI[ ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry phwVI ispwhI mwry gey[ A^Ir hnyrw pYNidAW hI phwVI &OjW vwips muV geIAW[ ies lVweI ivc kuJ is`KW ny vI ShIdIAW pweIAW[ ienHW ivc kwnH isMG vI sI[ srUp isMG kOiSS ny ies lVweI dw izkr ‘gurU kIAW swKIAW’ dI swKI nMbr 75 ivc kIqw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwnH isMG nwBw

pMQ rqn BweI kwnH isMG nwBw (30.8.1861- 23.11.1938) dw jnm BweI nrYx isMG iF`loN dy Gr ipMf sbz bnyrw (izlHw pitAwlw) ivc hoieAw sI[ Awp ny bcpx qy jvwnI ivc bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW pVHIAW, ^ws kr ky gurbwxI, is`K qvwrI^ Aqy i&lws&I dw bhuq igAwn hwisl kIqw[ 1883 ivc Awp lwhOr cly gey ij`Qy Awp dw myl pRo: gurmuK isMG nwl hoieAw[ ies dy nwl hI Awp isMG sBw lihr dw ih`sw bx gey[ 1884 ivc Awp nUM nwBw dy rwjy hIrw isMG ny drbwr ivc iek sInIAr nOkrI qy r`K ilAw[ 1888 ivc Awp nUM kMvr irpdumn isMG dw itaUtr bxw id`qw igAw[ 1893 ivc Awp nwBw dy rwjy dy pI.ey. bxwey gey[ 1895 ivc Awp nUM mijstryt lw id`qw igAw; 1896 ivc Awp izlHw PUl dy ifptI kimSnr bxwey gey[

1875 ivc iek ihMdU swDU dXwnMd ny bMbeI (hux muMbeI) ivc AwrIAw smwj dI nINh rKI[ auh AprYl 1877 ivc pMjwb vI AwieAw[ jUn ivc lwhOr ivc vI dXwnMd dI brWc bx geI[ kuJ icr bwAd swDU dXw nMd dI ikqwb “siqAwrQ pRkwS” vI Cp ky Aw geI[ ies ikqwb ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy dUjy DrmW dy moFIAW, AwgUAW qy pRcwrkW dy i^lw& GtIAw lPz ilKy hoey sn[ jdoN is`KW hI nhIN blik kuJ isAwxy ihMdUAW ny aus dw iDAwn ies pwsy vl idvwieAw qW aus ny vwAdw kIqw ik AglI AYfISn ies ƒ soD ky CwpI jwvygI[ pr dXw nMd 1883 ivc mr igAw[ aus dy mgroN qW k`tV i&rkU AwrIAw smwjI AMsr ny ies ivc soD krn qoN nWh kr idqI[ (jUn 2006 ivc iPr ies dy iek muKI ny ieh soD krn bwry vwAdw kIqw pr „prnwlw au~Qy dw au~Qy‟ hI irhw)[

mgroN 1897 ivc AwrIAw smwj dy iek gru`p ny Pyr is`KW nUM Awpxy v`l iK`cx vwsqy iliKAw ik “dXw nMd nUM gurmuKI dI jwxkwrI nhIN sI qy aus dy is`K gurUAW bwry l&z dUjy drjy dI jwxkwrI ‟qy ADwrq sn[” (AwrIAw Zzt, 15 julweI 1897)[ ies s&weI mgroN iPr kuJ is`K ienHW nwl juV gey[ ienHW ivcoN muK sn: jgq isMG qy bwvw nwrwiex isMG[ nwrwiex isMG ZrIb hox kr ky pYsy dw muhqwj sI; AwrIAw smwjIAW ny ieh qwV ilAw Aqy aus dI bhuq mwlI mdd kIqI; ies mgroN aus ny qW ie`QoN qk ilK mwirAw ik “is`K Drm AwrIAw smwj dw muFlw pVwA sI[” ies mgroN 1899 ivc lwlw Twkr dws Aqy nwrwiex isMG ny “is`K ihMdU hYn” ikqwbcI ilK ky nvW crcw CyV id`qw[

BweI kwnH isMG nwBw ny “hm ihMdU nhIN” ilK ky ies (mqbw kwnUMnI ihMd pRY~s ivc CpI ies 30 s&y dI ikqwbcI) dw mUMh qoV jvwb id`qw; BweI kwnH isMG dI ikqwb ny ihMdUAW dI is`KW nUM jzb krn dI swizS nUM PylH kr id`qw[ ies ikqwb qoN i&rkU ihMdU eyny AOKy hoey ik aunHW ny BweI kwhn isMG nwBw dy i^lw& „jhwd‟ SurU kr id`qw[ audoN nwBy dw rwjw hIrw isMG (ipqw irpdumn isMG) ihMdUAW dw ipCl`g bixAw hoieAw sI qy auh AwpxI DI irpdumn kOr dw ivAwh DOlpur dy ihMdU rwjy nwl krnw cwhuMdw sI[ jd BweI kwnH isMG ny vyiKAw ik hux rwjw ihMdUAW nUM ^uS krn vwsqy AOKw hoieAw iPrdw hY qW aus ny ifptI kimSnr dy Ahudy qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw[

ies mgroN BweI kwnH isMG nwBw ny is`K &ls&y bwry ikqwbW ilKxIAW SurU kIqIAW Aqy „gurmiq pRBwkr‟ qy „gurmiq suDwkr‟ ilKIAW[ kuJ icr pihlW Awp dw myl AwierlYNf dy iek sInIAr A&sr mYks AwrQr mYkwil& nwl hoieAw sI; mYkwil& ny BweI jI dI mdd nwl is`K Drm bwry bhuq kuJ iliKAw[ ieh swrw kuJ

1905 ivc „isK irlIjn‟ nW dI ikqwb dy rUp ivc Cy ijldW ivc CipAw[ ikauN ik BweI kwnH isMG ny ieh ikqwb ilKx ivc mYkwil& dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI ies kr ky auh ies ikqwb dw „kwpI rweIt‟ BweI jI nUM dy igAw sI[

1908 ivc iempIrIAl kONsl dy mYNbr, nwBw dy kMvr irpdumn isMG (mgroN mhwrwjw) ny jo „AnMd mYirj ib`l‟ pyS kIqw auh vI aus dy ausqwd BweI kwnH isMG nwBw dI dyx sI[

1911 ivc rwjw hIrw isMG dI mOq ho geI; 24 jnvrI nUM irpdumn isMG nwBw dw rwjw bixAw Aqy aus ny BweI kwnH isMG nUM nwBw hweI kort dw j`j lw id“qw[ pr BweI kwnH isMG nUM Akwl purK ny iksy v`fI syvw vwsqy jnm id`qw sI; so 20 meI 1912 nUM mhwrwjw ny j`j dw Ahudw C`f ky „mhwn koS‟ dI rcnw SurU kr id`qI;

; aus ny ies mksd vwsqy BweI kwhn isMG nUM pUrw stw& vI id`qw igAw sI, ijs dw Krc srkwr idAw krdI sI[

6 &rvrI 1926 dy idn, swFy 13 swl dI imhnq mgroN, ieh rcnw mukMml ho geI[ ies dI CpweI pitAwlw dy rwjy BUipMdrw isMG ny Awpxy Krcy ‟qy krvweI[ dunIAW dy hr iek is`K lyKk Aqy is`K Drm qy qvwrI^ dy hr is`K qy ZYr-is`K lyKk ny AwpxIAW rcnwvW vwsqy mhwn koS dI mdd zrUr leI hY[ BweI kwnH isMG ny ies qoN ielwvw gurmiq mwrqMf, gurU CMd AlMkwr, gurU igrw ksOtI, Sbd AlMkwr, rwj Drm ikqwbW Aqy bhuq swry lyK vI ilKy sn[ BweI kwnH isMG shI mwAinAW ivc pMQ rqn sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwbulI m`l

Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny 5 &rvrI 1762 dy idn ku`p rhIV dy ielwky ivc hzwrW is`KW dw kqlyAwm kIqw[ A`DI kOm mrn mgroN vI is`KW dy hOsly F`Ty nhIN[ 16-17 AkqUbr 1762 dy idn is`KW ny AMimRqsr ivc Aihmd Swh nwl is`DI t`kr leI ijs ivc auh burI qrHW hwr igAw[ hwrn mgroN, byiezq, kmzor Aqy audws hoieAw, Aihmd Swh rwq dy hnyry ivc AMimRqsr qoN vwips lwhOr clw igAw[ ies mgroN Aihmd Swh do mhIny au~Qy irhw pr aus ny AMimRqsr v`l iPr mUMh nw kIqw[ auh 12 idsMbr 1762 ƒ vwips Awpxy vqn muV igAw[ muV jwx qoN pihlW auh srhMd ivc zYn ^wn, jlMDr-doAwb ivc swdwq ^wn, phwVW ivc GumMf cMd ktOcIAw, bwrI-doAwb ivc murwd ^wn, rcnw-doAwb ivc jhwn ^wn, kSmIr ivc nUr-aud-dIn bmzeI qy lwhOr ivc iek ihMdU kwbulI ml ƒ sUbydwr bxw igAw[

pr ienHW swirAW dI hkUmq isr& ikilHAW dy AMdr hI sI[ pMjwb ivc auh KulyH-Awm GuMm iPr vI nhIN skdy sn[ pMjwb dy Asl hwkm isr& qy isr& is`K hI sn[ &rvrI 1764 ivc soBw isMG ny lwhOr qoN 12 iklomItr dUr fyrw lw ilAw qy lwhOr jwx vwlI hr cIz lu`txI SurU kr id`qI[ A^Ir kwbulI m`l ny soBw isMG nwl smJOqw kr ky mulqwn v`loN Awaux vwly swmwn dI cuMgI aus nUM dyxI mnzUr kIqI[

10 AprYl 1765 dy srb`q Kwlsw iek`T ivc ieh gurmqw vI kIqw igAw ik hux lwhOr ’qy p`kw kbzw kr ilAw jwvy[ ies iek`T ivc j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, jY isMG knHeIAw qoN ielwvw pMj BMgI jrnYl (g`ujr isMG, lihxw isMG, hrI isMG, JMfw isMG, gMfw isMG) Aqy soBw isMG knHeIAw vI hwizr sn[ ienHW ny gurmqw kIqw ik lwhOr ’qy iek dm kbzw kr ilAw jwvy[ is`K jrnYlW nUM ieh vI ^br imlI ik Aihmd Swh v`loN lwhOr ivc lwieAw sUbydwr kwbulI m`l &Oj ivc do hzwr fogirAW nUM BrqI krn vwsqy jMmU igAw hoieAw hY qy aus dy ip`Cy aus dw BqIjw b^SI AmIr isMh iklHy dI ih&wzq kr irhw hY[ is`K &OjW ny ies vDIAw mOky nUM KuMJwauxw TIk nw smiJAw Aqy j`sw isMG, lihxw isMG, gu`jr isMG qy hor jrnYlW dI AgvweI ivc lwhOr v`l cl pey[ is`K &OjW dI igxqI isr& do hzwr sI[ is`K &OjW dI mdd imhr sulqwn, Zulwm rsUl, ASr& cMnU qy bkr ArweIN ny vI kIqI qy ieh swry 16 meI 1675 dy idn qU&wn dI qyzI nwl Sihr ivc dwi^l ho gey[ idn cVHidAW hI jd ies dI ^br AmIr isMh nUM imlI qW aus ny iklHy dI kMD qoN qop dy kuJ goly brswxy SurU kr id`qy[ auDr qwrw isMG mujMg ny isr& 25 is`K ispwhIAW nUM nwl lY ky AmIr isMh dy &OjIAW dw mukwblw kIqw qy QoVHy ijhy smyN ivc hI aunHW ’qy kwbU pw ilAw[ iek irvwieq muqwibk gu`jr isMG BMgI 50 swQIAW nUM nwl lY ky iek nwly rwhIN iklHy ivc dwi^l hoieAw qy iPr lihxw isMG vI aus kol pu`j igAw[ kuJ hI plW ivc aunHW ny AmIr isMh Aqy kwbulI m`l dy juAweI jgn nwQ nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[

AglI svyr nUM soBw isMG knHeIAw vI lwhOr pu`j igAw[ hux Sihr Aqy iklHy ’qy is`KW dw mukMml kbzw ho cukw sI[ jd Sihr ivc ieh ^br lokW qk pu`jI qW auh bVy ^uS hoey ikauN ik swry lok kwbulI m`l dI izAwdqI qoN duKI sn[ lokW ny is`KW nUM iml ky AwpxI ^uSI dw iezhwr kIqw qy iek dUjy nUM mubwrkW vI id`qIAW[

lok ^uSI ivc Sihr ivc ieM\ GuMm rhy sn ijvyN koeI pMCI ipMjry iv`coN Awzwd ho igAw hovy[ Sihr dy isrkrdw lokW ny Kwlsw drbwr ivc hwizr ho ky is`KW dI hkUmq ƒ kbUl kr ilAw[ lwhOr ’qy kbzy qoN bwAd hux swry pMjwb ivc smu`cy qOr ’qy is`KW dI hkUmq kwiem ho cu`kI sI[

kuJ idn mgroN kwbulI m`l vI lwhOr v`l AwieAw[ aus nUM Sihr pu`jx qoN pihlW hI iek lVweI ivc mwr id`qw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kbIr, Bgq

Bgq kbIr (1450-1518) dw jnm kwSI (bnwrs/vwrwns) ivc lihr qlwau nW dy ielwky ivc iek julwhw prvwr ivc hoieAw sI (aus dy jnm swl bwry vI keI irvwieqW pRclq hn)[ aus dy jnm Aqy mwipAW bwry keI khwxIAW pRclq hn, ijnHW ivcoN iek ieh vI hY ik iek ivDvw bRwhmxI ny aus nUM jnm dy ky iqAwg id`qw sI Aqy aus nUM iek muslmwn julwhy nImw Aqy aus dI pqnI nIrU ny pwilAw sI[ kbIr bwry hor vI keI mnoklipq khwxIAW pRclq hn[ kuJ lok Bgq kbIr nUM rwmwnMd dw cylw dsdy hn, jo ik Zlq hY[

aus dIAW bhuq swrIAW kivqwvW (292 Sbd qy 9 slok, v`K-v`K rwgW ivc Aqy 243 slok iek`Ty s&w 1364 qoN 1377 qk) gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Swiml hn[ Bgq kbIr dy nW ‟qy ilKIAW hor rcnwvW/ ikqwbW (kbIr bIjk, kbIr rcnwvlI Awid) vI imldIAW hn, ijnHW dy kbIr ilKq hox bwry XkIn nwl nhIN ikhw jw skdw[ AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn 1507 dy A^Irly idnW ivc gurU nwnk swihb jd kwSI phuMcyy qW auh Bgq kbIr nUM imlx gey sn[ iek rwq aus kol rihx mgroN auh dovyN Bgq rivdws nUM imlx vI gey sn[kbIr dw jnm ñôõõ Aqy rivdws dw sµn ñôñô dw hY[ ies mulwkwq vyly kbIr jI õô-õõ swlW dy, rivdws jI ùô-ùõ swlW Aqy gurU nwnk swihb ôú swl dy sn[ Bgq kbIr iek ienklbI kvI sI[ aus ny bRwhmxI iejwrydwrI, bRwhmxI krm kWf Aqy zwq pwq dy ivqkry Awid dy i^lw& bhuq dlyrI nwl iliKAw[ kbIr ny bRwhmxW dy hr dwAvy dw dlIlW nwl KMfn kIqw[ imswl vjo (swry s&w nMbr gurU gRMQ swihb dy hn):

jO qU bRwhmx bRwhmxI jwieAw[ qau Awn bwt kwhy nhI AwieAw[ qum kq bRwhmx hr kq sUd[ qum kq lohU hm qk dUD” (s&w 324);

“jo pwQr ko khqy dyv[ qw kI ibrQw hovY syv[ jo pwQr kI pWeI pwie[ iqskI Gwl AjweIN jwie[ mwQy iqlk, hiQ mwlw, bwnw[ logn rwm iKlaunw jwnw”(s&w 1158);
“buq pUij pUij ihµdU mUey qurk mUey isr nweI[ Eie ly jwry, Eie ly gwfy qyrI giq duhU nw pweI” (s&w 654);
“hmrw Jgrw rhw nw koaU[ pµifq mulW Cwfy doaU” (s&w 1158);

“khu pµfiq sUcw kvnu Twau[ jhw bYis hau Bojnu Kwau[ ijhbw jUTI bolq jUTw[ krn nyqR siB jUTy[ ieµdRI kI jUT auqris nwhI[ bRhm Agin ky lUTy[ Agin BI jUTI pwnI jUTw[ jUTI bYis pkwieAw[ jUuTI krCI prosn lwgw[ jUTy hI bYiT KwieAw[ gobr jUTw caukw jUTw, jUTI kInI kwrw[ kih kbIr qyeI nr sUcy swcI prI ibcwrw” (s&w 1195).

bRwhmxW v`loN kIqy pRcwr Aqy aunHW dy buxy Brm ik jo bMdw kwSI ivc rihMdw hY auh svrg ivc jWdw hY Aqy jo mghr ivc mrdw hY auh nrkW ivc jWdw hY[ ies Brm nUM qoVn vwsqy kbIr ny AwpxI aumr dw Aw^rI ih`sw mghr ivc ibqwieAw sI, aus dy bol hn: “ikAw kwsI ikAw aUKru mghru, rwm irdY jau hoeI”[ gurU gRMQ swihb ivc kbIr dy SbdW qy slokW ivc aus dI „kwiv-Cwp‟ kbIr (s&w 92 Aqy hor bhuq swry si&AW ‟qy), kbIrw (s&w 330 Aqy hor bhuq swry si&AW ‟qy), kbIru (s&w 872 Aqy hor bhuq swry si&AW ‟qy), kbIir (s&w 970), kbIrY (s&w 477) Aqy kmIr (s&y 972,1161) rUp ivc imldI hY[

kwSI/vwrwnsI ivc kbIr jI dy jnm AsQwn ‟qy bxI Xwdgwr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwlU

1. BweI kwlU gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ BweI gurdws AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus dw izkr ieMj krdy hn: snmuiK kwlU Aws Dwr, gurbwxI ris drgh swbwsI (vwr 11, pauVI 13)

2. sulqwnpur vwsI bMmIAw goq dw BweI kwlU gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI (BweI vIr isMG ‘bMmIAw’ kwlU dI zwq dI QW iek hor is`K dw nW mMndw hY)[ BweI gurdws AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus dw izkr ieMj krdy hn: kwlU cwaU bMmIAw, mUly no gursbd ipAwrw (vwr 11, pauVI 21)

3. lwhOr ivc mujMg ielwky dw iek rwj (imsqrI) BweI kwlU gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ BweI gurdws AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus dw izkr ieMj krdy hn: kwlU nwno rwj duie, hwVI kohlIAW ivc BwrI (vwr 11, pauVI 25).

4. kwlU (mihqw kwlU) vyKo: kilAwx cMd bwbw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kinMGm, jy. fI.

jois& fyvI kMinGm (9.6.1812- 28.2.1851), jo AYln kinMGm dw pu`qr sI, dw jnm lmby~Q (ieMglYNf) ivc hoieAw sI[1832 ivc auh ibRitS &Oj dw ie`k APsr bx ky id`lI (Bwrq) Aw igAw[ 1837 ivc aus ƒ krnl klwaUf vyf dw AisstYNt bxw id`qw igAw[ vyf luiDAwxw ivc ibRitS srkwr dw ‘polItIkl eyjMt’ sI[ kinMGm ny kuJ smW bhwvlpur ivc ‘polItIkl eyjMt’ vjoN kMm vI kIqw[

pihlI AMgryz-is`K jMg dOrwn, aus ƒ luiDAwxy bulw ilAw igAw[ aus nUM pihlW jnrl cwrls nYpIAr Aqy bwAd ivc jnrl g`& (ijnHW ny is`KW dy ivru`D 1845 Aqy 1849 dIAW jMgW dI AgvweI kIqI sI) nwl qweInwq kIqw igAw sI[ b`dovwl Aqy AlIvwl dIAW lVweIAW dOrwn aus ny ‘polItIkl A&sr’ vjoN kMm kIqw[ bwAd ivc, sBrwEN (10 &rvrI 1846) dI lVweI dOrwn, auh gvrnr jnrl dw AisstYNt eyf-fI-kYNp (ey.fI.sI) bx igAw[ jMgW dOrwn syvw krn bdly aus ƒ BUpwl ivc gvrnr jnrl dw ‘polItIkl eyjMt’ bxw id`qw igAw[

BUpwl ivc rihMidAW aus ny is`K kOm dy ieiqhws au~qy kMm kIqw[ 1849 ivc aus ny “is`K ieiqhws: ies dy mu`F qoN sqluj dIAW lVweIAW qk” ikqwb CwpI[ kMinGm ny AwpxI ies ikqwb ivc AMgryzW dy DoKy Aqy ZdwrW dI ZdwrI dy pwj, ^ws kr ky rxjIq isMG dy drbwr dy fogirAW Aqy bRwhmx ihMdUsqwnI vzIrW qy A&srW (ijnHW ny ibRitS srkwr nwl rl ky mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI slqnq qbwh krn leI Srmnwk ZdwrI kIqI) dy pwj KolHy hn[

jdoN ieh ikqwb CwpI geI, qW kMinAm ƒ nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw igAw[ ies ’qy aus dw idl tu`t igAw qy auh isr& 39 swl dI aumr ivc mr igAw[ aus nUM AMbwlw ivc hI d&nwieAw igAw sI[

kMinGm AYNglo-is`K lVweIAW bwry bVI bwrIkI nwl s`co-s`c ibAwn krdw hY qy iehI ies ikqwb dw kImqI ih`sw hY[ pr aus dI ies ikqwb ivc is`K Drm qy qvwrI^ bwry pySkwrI ivc bhuq v`fIAW ZlqIAW hn, ikauNik aus dw somw kuJ is`K ivroDI ilKwrI jW Axjwx lok sn[

(ies dw Brw AlYZzYNdr kinMGm,mgroN 1861 ivc ‘AwrkIAwlojI srvy Aw& ieMfIAw’ dw muKI bxwwieAw igAw sI)[

jois& fyvI kMinGm

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kinMGm, AlYZzYNdr

sr AlYZzYNdr kinMGm (23.1.1814-28.11.1893) dw jnm lMfn ivc AYln kinMMGm dy Gr ivc hoieAw sI[ auh 1833 ivc brqwnvI &Oj ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ 1841 ivc aus nUM AvD dw AYZzYkitv ieMjnIAr lw id`qw igAw[ auh bhuq swry sUibAW ivc sInIAr jW cI& ieMjnIAr dy Ahudy ’qy qweInwq irhw[

is`KW qy pMjwb nwl aus dw sbMD sBrwEN dI lVweI (10 mwrc 1846) dy vyly qoN SurU hoieAw sI[ ies lVweI qoN pihlW aus ny ibAws dirAw ’qy do pul bxwey sn[ 1846 ivc ‘AMimRqsr dy Aihdnwmy’, hyT kSmIr nUM gulwb isMh fogrw nUM ‘vycx’ sbMDI bxwey gey kimSn dw vI auh mYNbr sI[ auh 1848-49 ivc cyilAWvwlw Aqy gujrwq dIAW lVweIAW dOrwn vI hwzr irhw sI[ 1856 ivc aus nUM brmw ivc cI& ieMjnIAr lw id`qw igAw sI[ auh 30 jUn 1861 dy idn brqwnvI &Oj qoN rItwier ho igAw sI[

1861 ivc Bwrq dI brqwnvI srkwr ny iek nvW mihkmw ‘AwrkIAwlojI srvy Aw& ieMfIAw’ kwiem kr ky aus nUM ies dw muKI bxw id`qw[ ieh mihkmw 1865 ivc ^qm kr id`qw igAw qy auh ieMglYNf muV igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny kuJ ikqwbW ilKIAW[ aus dI ikqwb ‘AYNSIAMt ijEgrw&I Aw& ieMfIAw’ dw pihlw ih`sw 1871 ivc CipAw sI[ iesy smyN lwrf myE ny ‘AwrkIAwlojI srvy Aw& ieMfIAw’ dobwrw kwiem kr ky aus nUM pihlI jnvrI 1871 qoN ies dw muKI lw id`qw[ auh 30 sqMbr 1885 dy idn ies mihkmy qoN rItwier hoieAw qy lMfn clw igAw[

aus dIAW muK ikqwbW ivc ‘l`dwK qy ies dy Awly duAwly dy mulkW dw ieiqhws‘ (1854), ‘AYNSIAMt ijEgrw&I Aw& ieMfIAw‘ (1871), ‘AwrkIAwlojI srvy Aw& ieMfIAw‘ (iqMn ijldW, 1871-1873), ‘bu`k Aw& ieMfIAn ierwz’ (1883), ‘kOienz Aw& AYNSIAMt ieMfIAw’ (1891), ‘mhWboDI AOr d gryt buiDst tYNpl AMfr d boDI trI AYt bu`Dw-gXw’ (1892), ‘kOienz Aw& mIfIAYvl ieMfIAw’ (1894), Awid Swiml hn[

is`K ihstrI ilKx vwlw jois& fyvI kMinGm ies dw v`fw qy s`kw Brw sI. AlYZzYNdr kinMGm

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kort, klwauf AOgst

klwauf AOgst kort (24.9.1793 – jnvrI 1880) &rWs dy hwkm nYpolIAn dw iek jrnYl sI[ 1815 ivc vwtrlU ivc nYpolIAn dI hwr mgroN aus nUM nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw igAw[

1818 ivc auh &rWs qoN bZdwd clw igAw qy prSIAn &Oj ivc nOkr ho igAw[ ie`Qy aus ny iek hor jrnYl pwElo Aivqwibl (25.10.1791- 28.3.1850) nwl rl ky lwhOr jwx dw &Yslw kIqw[

1827 ivc auh lwhOr pu`j gey[ rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM Awpxy drbwr ivc r`K ilAw[ aus ny bMdUk dy goly bxw ky idKwey qW rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM (audoN dy) qIh hzwr rupY eInwm id`qw[ aus nUM 2500 rupY mhInw qn^wh imldI sI[ kort ny ipSwvr (1834) Aqy jmrOd (1837) dIA lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq mgroN vI auh lwhOr irhw[ kMvr nOinhwl isMG dy kql mgroN aus ny (Aqy Aivqwibl ny) cMd kOr dI QW Syr isMG dw swQ id`qw[

mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy kql mgroN auh cupcwp AMgryzI ielwky ivc (&Irozpur) clw igAw[ 1844 ivc auh AwpxI pMjwbI pqnI qy b`icAW sxy, &rWs clw igAw (auDr Aivqwibl vI ietlI nUM muV igAw sI)[

jnrl kort nUM is`ky iek`Ty krn dw SOk vI sI[ aus dI mOq mgroN aus dy prvwr ny aus dy 627 is`ikAW dIAW iqMn AYlbm AlYZzYNdr kinMGm nUM vyc id`qIAW (jo hux ibRitS imaUzm dw ih`sw hn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awfq, BweI

BweI Awfq suienI iek ispwhI sI jo Akbr dI &Oj ivc sI[ gurU Arjn swihb vyly auh is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw[ ies dw izkr BweI gurdws ny vwr 11, pauVI 24 dI pMjvIN quk ivc “Awifq suienI sUrmw” kih ky kIqw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awkl dws inrMjnIAw

jMifAwlw (AMimRqsr) dw vwsI, jo hMdwl* dy pu`qr ibDI cMd* dI kul ivcoN sI (*vyKo: hMdwl, ibDI cMd)[ aus dw iek nW hrBgq inrMjnIAw vI sI[ auh hr vyly, jogIAW dy ‘AlK inrMjn’ vW| ‘inrMjn’ bol ky lokW ivc Awpxy Bgq hox dw idKwvw krdw huMdw sI[ Awpxy v`fy-vfyirAW vW| auh vI is`KW nwl duSmxI r`Kdw sI[ jd muZlW ny is`KW dw kqlyAwm SurU kIqw qW aus ny bhuq swry is`K igR&qwr krvwey sn[ auh muZl drbwr dw sUhIAw Aqy dlwl sI[ jd Ahmd swh du`rwnI* (AbdwlI) ny hmly SurU kIqy qW auh aus vwsqy vI jwsUsI qy dlwlI dw kMm krn lg ipAw sI (hor vyKo: Ahmd swh du`rwnI)[ aus ny hI f`l-vW dy BweI qwrU isMG nUM igR&qwr krvwieAw sI (hor vyKo: qwrU isMG, BweI) [ 1758 ivc jlMDr doAwb dy nwieb sUbydwr AdInw byZ ny aus nUM hIrw lwl dI AgvweI ivc iek &Oj dy ky is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc ByijAw sI[ ies dOrwn ies &Oj dI is`KW nwl kwdIAW (gurdwspur) kol iek ByV ho geI ijs ivc hIrw lwl mwirAw igAw qy Awkl dws bVI muSikl nwl bc ky inkilAw sI[ AkqUbr 1761 ivc Kwlsw &OjW ny Awkl dws nUM soDx (mwrn) dw mqw pws kIqw[ jnvrI 1762 dy A^Ir ivc is`K &OjW ny aus dy iklHy nUM Gyrw pw ilAw[ aus dw iklHw eynw mzbUq sI ik is`K aus dw drvwzw nw qoV sky[ auDr Awkl dws ny Awpxw eylcI Aihmd swh du`rwnI vl Byj ky aus dI mdd mMgI[ auh ausy vyly jMifAwlw nUM cl ipAw[ auDr is`KW nUM vI aus dy Awaux dI sUh iml geI qy auh auQoN mwlvy vl inkl gey[ Aihmd Swh ny vI cupcwp aunHW dw ip`Cw kIqw qy ku`p rhIV dy jMgl ivc luky bYTy is`KW nUM swry pwisAW qoN Gyr ilAw[ ieh g`l 5 &rvrI 1762 dI hY[ ies smyN aus dI &Oj ny is`KW dI bhuq v`F-tu`k kIqI[ v`K-v`K soimAW muqwibk ies kqlyAwm ivc 15 qoN 30 hzwr qk is`K mrd, AOrqW qy b`cy mwry gey, Xwin A`DI kOm ^qm ho geI[ is`K ies nUM ‘v`fw G`lUGwrw’* dy nW nwl Xwd krdy hn[ is`KW ny mgroN 1763 qy 1765 dy ivckwr Awkl dws ’qy hmlw kr ky aus nUM ^qm kr id`qw. hor vyKo: v`fw G`lUGwrw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awkul, BweI

sulqwnpur (izlHw kpUrQlw) vwsI BweI Awkul gurU Amr dws swihb vyly is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[auh gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN qk is`K pMQ dI syvw krdw irhw sI[ iek vwr auh gurU Arjn swihb kol AwieAw qy pu`iCAw ik piv`qrqw, BlweI qy sicAwrw jIvn dy gux ikvyN Apxwey jwx qW gurU jI ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik swdw jIvn, lokweI dI syvw Aqy r`b dw nW jpxw sicAwry S^s dy gux hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awlw isMG

pitAwlw irAwsq dy bwnI Awlw isMG (1691 – 7.8.1765) dw jnm rwm isMG (pu`qr bwbw PUl) dy Gr mweI swbI dy audr qoN hoieAw sI[Awlw isMG dw dwdw PUl, ipqw rwm isMG qy cwcw iqlok isMG guru drbwr nwl gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy vyly qoN juVy hoey sn qy ienHW dohW ny gurU goibMd isMG jI qoN KMfy dI pwhul vI leI sI[ B`t vhIAW muqwibk 7 qy 8 dsMbr 1705 dy idn cmkOr ivc ShId hoey do v`fy swihbzwidAW, iqMn ipAwirAW qy 40 is`KW dw sskwr ienHW ny hI kIqw sI[

Awlw isMG 1722 ivc isr& 30 ipMfW ’qy hI kwbz sI qy brnwlw ngr aus dw hY¤fkuAwrtr sI[ 1731 ivc aus ny rweykot dy hwkm k`lHw nUM hrw ky ies ielwky ’qy vI AwpxI srdwrI kwiem kr leI[ 1745 qoN 1748 qk Awlw isMG srhMd dy sUbydwr dI kYd ivc vI irhw pr jd &rvrI 1748 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny pMjwb ’qy hmlw kIqw qW srhMd dw sUbydwr Sihr ’coN B`j igAw qW ies nwl Awlw isMG nUM vI kYd ’coN irhweI iml geI[ Awlw isMG ny du`rwnI dy mukwbly ivc muZlW dI ihmwieq kIqI[ aus ny hwr ky muVy jWdy du`rwnI dw Aslw, auT qy GoVy kbzy ivc kr ley[ 1752 ivc aus ny 84 ipMfW dy smUh snOr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qy ie`Qy 1753 ivc aus ny iek k`cy iklHy dI nINh r`KI qy 10 swl mgroN ies nUM p`kw iklHw bxwauxw SurU kIqw[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny pitAwlw ngr vwsauxw vI SurU kIqw[ 1760 qk 726 ipMf aus dy kbzy ivc Aw cuky sn[ 1761 ivc aus ny mrh`itAW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy jw rhy du`rwnI dy i^lw& mrh`itAW dI mdd kIqI[ du`rwnI ny muVdy hoey Awlw isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw qy aus dw isr muNMnx dw hukm id`qw[ A^Ir svw l`K rupY dy ky aus ny Awpxy kys bcw ley[ du`rwnI ny rkm qW lY leI pr aus nUM C`ifAw nhIN qy Awpxy nwl lwhOr lY igAw[ A^Ir auh 5 l`K rupY dy ky irhw hoieAw[ iesy kr ky 5 &rvrI 1762 dy G`lUGwry ivc Awlw isMG inrp`K irhw[ aus ny nw du`rwnI dI mdd kiqI qy nw is`KW dI[ 1765 ivc du`rwnI ny iPr hmlw kIqw ies vwr Awlw isMG aus dw v&wdwr irhw[ du`rwnI ny aus nUM Awpxy v`loN srhMd dw sUbydwr mMn ilAw[ pr ies mgroN auh bhuqI dyr izMdw nw irhw qy kuJ mhIny mgroN hI cVHweI kr igAw[

Awlw isMG qoN mgroN aus dw poqw Amr isMG, aus mgroN Amr isMG dw puqr swihb isMG, aus dw krm isMG, aus dw nryNdr isMG, aus dw mhyNdr isMG, aus dw rjyNdr isMG, aus dw BUpyNdr isMG, aus dw XwdvyNdr isMG rwjy bxy[ 1948 ivc Bwrq srkwr ny pMjwb dIAW swrIAW irAwsqW nUM iek`iTAW kr ky, pYpsU sUbw bxw ky, aus ivc pitAwlw Swml kr ky, aus dI irAwsq ^qm kr id`qI[ XwdvyNdr isMG dw puqr AmirMdr isMG 2002 ivc pMjwb dw cI& minstr bixAw sI.

nwBw irAwsq, BdOV, mlOd, bjIdpur, bfru`KW, lOFGrIey prvwr vI bwbw PUl dI AOlwd hI sn[ PUlkIAW vwly Awpxy Awp ƒ bwrHvIN imsl AwKdy hn[ pr 1748 ivc jd imslW bxIAW sn qW aunHW dI igxqI isrP XwrHW sI[ PUlkIAW prvwr kdy vI srbq Kwlsw ivc Swiml nhIN sn huMdy pr auh is`K hox dy nwqy kdy kdy is`K &Oj dI mdd zrUr krdy huMdy sn[ AMgryzI rwj Awaux mgroN auh AMgryzW dy pUry v&wdwr rhy sn[ isr& nwBw dw rwjw irpdumn isMG hI pMQk (is`KI) soc vwlw sI[ 1947 qoN mgroN vI mhwrwjw XwdivMdr isMG dI soc is`KI vwlI nhIN sI[ aus ny AwpxI BYx Aqy DI, dovyN, ihMdU rwjpUq rjvwiVAW nwl ivAwhIAW sn[ hW! 1984 qoN mgroN kYptn AmirMdr isMG pitAwlw ny pMQk v&wdwrI zrUr idKweI sI[ aus ny drbwr swihb ’qy ieMdrw gWDI dy hmly (jUn 1984) Aqy iPr surjIq brnwly v`loN kIqy hmly (AprYl 1986) dy i^lw& Awpxy AhuidAW qoN AsqI&y dy id`qy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awlm cMd ktoc

Awlm cMd ktoc 1698 ivc kWgVw dw rwjw sI[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb v`loN Kwlsw prgt krn mgroN hzwrW dI igxqI ivc lok is`KI ivc Swiml hox vwsqy AnMdpur swihb Awaux dI ^wihS r`Kx l`g pey sn[ ies dI soA muZl hwkmW dy nwl-nwl ihMdU cODrIAW ƒ Aqy bRwhmx jmwq ƒ vI iml rhI sI[

ienHIN idnIN hI gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb dy lohgVH iklHy ’c hiQAwr bxwaux dw kwr^wnw lw ilAw sI[ BweI rwm isMG isklIgr ies kwr^wny dw ieMcwrj sI[ ies kwr^wny ’c bVy vDIAw hiQAwr bxwey gey[ ies dw crcw swry pwsy hox l`g ipAw[ iblwspur irAwsq dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd dw purohq prmw nMd pihloN hI is`KW nwl Kwr KWdw sI[ aus ny Awly-duAwly dy rjvwiVAW ƒ vI BVkwieAw qy ikhw ik gurU goibMd isMG phwVI irAwsqW ’qy kbzw krn vwsqy iqAwrIAW kr rhy hn[ kuJ cODrI qy rjvwVy aus dI cu`k ivc Aw gey[ ies mgroN auh bhwny GVn lg pey ik iksy qrIky nwl AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw kIqw jwey[

ienHIN idnIN iek vwr (12 julweI 1698 dy idn) gurU goibMd isMG swihb kuJ isMGW nUM nwl lY ky nyVy dy phwVI jMgl ivc iSkwr krn gey[ ies mOky ’qy aunHw dw twkrw kWgVy dy rwjy Awlm cMd ktoc Aqy aus dI &Oj dy jrnYl blIAw cMd ktoc nwl ho igAw[ ktocW v`loN gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kIqy jwx ’qy BweI audY isMG, qy BweI Awlm isMG ny vI qlvwrW sUq leIAW[ dohW pwisEN zbrdsq lVweI SurU ho geI[ ienHW JVpW dOrwn BweI audY isMG h`QoN blIAw cMd dI iek bWh v`FI geI[ rwjw Awlm cMd ktoc vI burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ kuJ idn mgroN ienHW z^mW kwrn blIAw cMd dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awlm ^wn

Awlm ^wn BweI inhMg ^wn (kotlw inhMg ^wn, nyVy ropV) dw pu`qr sI[ ieh prvwr is KW nwl gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy vyly qoN juiVAw hoieAw sI[ Awlm ^wn Awpxy ipqw, mwqw qy BYx nwl keI vwr guruU goibMd isMG jI nUM imilAw sI[ aus dI SwdI rweykot dy rwie klHw dy bytI nwl hoeI sI[ aus dI mMgxI ’qy 3 meI 1694 dy idn gurU goibMd isMG aunHW dy iklHy kotlw inhMg ^wn ivc Awey sn[ jd vI gurU jI aus pwsy v`loN lMGdy sn qW auh aunW dy Gr zrUr jwieAw krdy sn[ AnMdpur C`fx mgroN 6 dsMbr dI svyr nUM gurU jI ienHW kol hI pu`jy sn qy swrw idn au~Qy rhy sn[ hnyrw pY ’qy Awlm ^wn gurU jI nUM cmkOr dy rwh pwaux vwsqy duGrI ipMf qk aunHW dy nwl igAw sI. hor vyKo: Sms ^wn, inhMg ^wn, mumqwj.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awlm kvI

Akbr dy kwl dw iek kvI Awlm ijs ny 1580ivAW ivc (gurU gRMQ swihb dy sMpwdn qoN qkrIbn 20 swl pihlW) ‘mwDv nl kwm kMdlw’ nW dI kwiv rcnw kIqI qy ijs ivcoN kuJ bMd nkl kr ky ‘rwg mwlw’ nW dy isrlyK hyT iksy kwqb ny gurU gMRQ swihb dy iek auqwry ivc cwVH id`qy mgroN ieh bhuq swrIAW nklW ivc Aw gey ijs nwl is`KW ivc ies ny bhuq duPyV pwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awlm isMG n`cxw

BweI Awlm isMG vqs cOhwn-rwjpUq brwdrI nwl sbMD rKdw sI[aus dy v`fy vfyry soDrw (izlHw vzIrwbwd) dy rihx vwly sn[ mgroN ieh izlHw isAwlkot dy nyVy dy ipMf dburjI (jo hux Sihr dw iek ih`sw hI bx cuikAw hY) ivc cly gey sn[ ienHW dy v`ifAW ivcoN sB qoN purwxw nW hwjq dw AwauNdw hY[hwjq dw pu`qr audY krn gurU rwmdws swihb jW gurU Arjn swihb vyly is`K pMQ dw ih`sw bixAw sI[ audY krn Awpxy ielwky dw mMinAw prmMinAw S^s sI iesy kr ky ienHW dy ipMf ƒ “dburjI audY krn vwlI” vI AwiKAw jWdw sI[

audY krn dw pu`qr AMbIAw sI[ AMbIAw gurU Arjn swihb dy drSn krn Aksr AwauNdw rihMdw sI[ gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI mgroN vI AMbIAw dw pu`qr kOldws gurU Gr nwl juiVAw irhw[ kOl dws “gurU dw c`k” (AMimRqsr) AwauNdw rihMdw sI[ kOldws dy pu`qr ikSnw ny 27 AprYl 1635 dy idn krqwrpur dI lVweI ivc ShIdI pweI sI[ kol dw dUjw pu`qr pdm rwie Awpxy ielwky dw msμd sI[pdm rwie dy s`q pu`qr sn: Kwƒ, hymw, cqrwm suKnw, hsnw, j`gU qy durgw dws[pdm rwie dy cVHweI krn mgroN durgw dws ielwky dw msμd bixAw[durgw dws dy cwr pu`qr sn (ijnHW ny gurU goibMd isMG jI qoN KMfy dI pwhul leI sI qy isMG bx gey sn): gurdws isMG, bIr isMG, cOpw isMG qy Awlm isMG n`cxw[ Awlm isMG dI pqnI bIbI iB`KW sI jo bjr isMG (ijs ny guru goibMd isMG jI nUM Ssqr ividAw id`qI sI) dI bytI sI[ aunHW dy do pu`qr Amolk isMG qy mohr isMG sn[ Awlm isMG Awp, aus dI pqnI bIbI iB`KW qy aunHW dy dovyN pu`qr AnMdpur ivc hI rihMdy sn[ Awlm isMG bhuq &urqIlw sI qy hr kMm ^uSI nwl B`j-dOV ky kirAw krdw sI[ lok ikhw krdy sI auh kMm kridAW ^uSI ivc n`cdw hY; ies kr ky aus dI A`l „n`cxw‟ pY geI sI[

3 meI 1705 dy idn phwVIAW dIAW hzwrW &OjW ny cOhW pwisAW qoN AwnMdpur swihb qy c`k nwnkI ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ s`q mhIny dy Gyry mgroN A^Ir 5-6 dsMbr dI A`DI rwq ƒ gurU goibMd isMG jI qy AnMdpur rih rhIAW qkrIbn 500 is`K sMgqW ny auQoN cly jwx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ rsqy ivc ienhW dy iqMn j`iQAW dI srsw ndI dy kMFy ‟qy Aqy milkpur rMGVW kol zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ ienHW swrIAW JVpW Aqy lVweIAW ivc sYNkVy isMG ShId ho gey[ A^Ir gurU swihb qy 47 isMG inkl ky cmkOr qk pu`jx ivc kwmXwb ho gey[ cmkOr ivc hornW qoN ielwvw Awlm isMG n`cxw, aunHW dy Brw bIr isMG Aqy Awlm isMG dy do pu`qr mohr isMG Aqy Amolk isMG vI mOjUd sn[ kuJ GMitAW mgroN hI SwhI &OjW (mlyrkotly dI &Oj) ny cmkOr dI gVHI ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ dupihr qoN lY ky hnyrw pYx qk h`QoN-h`Q lVweI huMdI rhI[ v`fI igxqI ivc AweIAW &OjW dy twkry ivc swihbzwdw AjIq isMG qy juJwr isMG, pMj ipAwry Aqy 40 kU hor isMG gurU swihb dI AgvweI ivc jUJdy rhy[ A^Ir dovyN swihbzwdy, pMjW ivcoN iqMn ipAwry (BweI ihMmq isMG, BweI swihb isMG, BweI muhkm isMG) Aqy 38 isMG ShId ho gey[ lVweI dOrwn BweI Awlm isMG jYkwirAW nwl gVHI AMdr bYTy isMGW dy hOsly vI vDwauNdy rhy Aqy muZl &OjIAW ƒ AMdrly isMGW dI igxqI vDyry hox dw Brm vI dyNdy rhy[ 7 dsμbr dy idn ShIdI hwisl krn vwly isMGW ivcoN Awlm isMG Swied Aw^rI hoxgy[Awlm isMG n`cxw dI isMGxI bIbI iB`KW, jo BweI jIvn isMG (jYqw) dy j`Qy ivc sI, pihlW hI 6 dsMbr dI svyr ƒ ipMf J`KIAW dI jUh ivc (nyVy SwhI it`bI) phwVI &OjW nwl lVdy ShId ho cu`kI sI[ Awlm isMG qy aus dy Brw bIr isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY :“bIr isMG durgw kw, Awlm isMG durgw kw, cMdr bMsI bqs goqrw cOhwn AwT myN sy kurw, hjwvq AWbAwny, gurU ky bfy byty gYl, poh sudI qIj, swl sqrW sY bwsT, cmkOr ky mlhwn, prgnw ropr, AwD GrI idn Kry, swmHxy mwQy jUJ kr mry……gYloN Amolk isMG, mohr isMG byty Awlm isMG ky mwry gey [” (B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgnw jINd, Kwqw hjwvqoN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awlm iMsMG prmwr

BweI Awlm isMG prmwr ny 30 Agsq 1700 dy idn iklHw &qihgVH AnMdpur swihb, dy bwhr lVidAW ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[Awlm isMG, BweI drIAw dw pu`qr qy BweI mUlw dw poqw sI[ (BweI drIAw BweI mnI isMG dy dwdy ShId BweI b`lU dw Cotw Brw sI)[ drIAw dw pirvwr vI b`lU vWg gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`K pMQ nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny &Oj bxweI sI audoN ies pirvwr dy bhuq swry jxy ies ivc Swiml hoey sn[ drIAw Awp vI gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy bhuq nzdIkI swQIAW ivcoN iek sI[ auh gurU swihb kol gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) Aqy kIrqpur swihb dy Aksr irhw krdw sI[ iPr jdoN gurU hr rwie swihb ny rwm rwie ƒ AOrMgzyb dy bulwvy ’qy id`lI ByijAw qW aus dy nwl hI drIAw ƒ vI ByijAw sI[ iPr 1664 ivc jdoN gurU hirikRSn swihb id`lI gey qW vI drIAw aunHW dy nwl sI [ Xwin drIAw iqMn gurU swihbwn dy ^ws drbwrI is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ drIAw dy 9 pu`qr sn[ ienHW ivcoN ieh Awlm isMG sB qoN v`fw sI qy qulsw isMG sB qoN Cotw[ ieh swry nON dy nON hI gurU drbwr ivc Aksr hwizr huMdy rihMdy sn[ ienHW ivcoN Awlm isMG qy gokl isMG gurU goibMd isMG jI dI &Oj ivc vI Swiml sn[ Awlm isMG ny pihlI sqMbr 1700 dy idn iklHw lohgVH dy bwhr hoeI lVweI ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ pihlI sqMbr dy idn jdoN iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny AnMdpur swihb dy iklHy lohgVH ’qy hmlw kr id`qw qW BweI mnI isMG, BweI bic`qr isMG, BweI audY isMG, BweI Awlm isMG soDrIAw, BweI Awlm isMG prmwr (cOr brdwr), BweI su`Kw isMG prmwr, BweI kuSwl isMG lubwxw Awid bVI bhwdrI nwl lVy qy bhuq swry phwVI &OjIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwr id`qw[ Swm q`k phwVI &OjW sYNkVy bMdy mrvw ky B`j geIAW[ ies lVweI ivc Awlm isMG prmwr, su`Kw isMG prmwr, kuSwl isMG lubwxw, idAwl isMG rwTOr Awid Shid hoey[ aunHW dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieMj imldw hY:

gurU kw bcn pwie mnI isMG bytw mweIdws kw poqw b`lU rwie kw…bic`qr isMG bytw mnI isMG kw audY isMG bytw mnI isMG kw… Awlm isMG bytw durgwdws kw poqw pdmy kw….hjwvq AWibAwnw….swl sqrW sY sqvMjw AsUj pRivSty pihlI rvIvwr ky idhuM iklHw lohgVH pRgnw mwKovwl sy Kwlsw dl ko gYl lY crn gMgw ndI ky mlHwn, swmHyN mwQy Gor Xu`D kIAw[ … Awlm isMG bytw drIAw kw poqw mUly kw…..jlHwnw, su`Kw isMG bytw rwie isMG kw poqw mweIdws kw, kuSwl isMG bytw m`Kx Swh kw poqw dwsy kw-pylIAw bxjwrw, rx myN jUJ kr mry[ Awgy gurU Bwxy kw KwibMd hY[ gurU kI giq gurU jwxy[ (B`t vhI qlauNFw jINd, Kwqw jlhwnoN kw)[

Awlm isMG dy 13 pu`qr sn[ ienHW ivcoN vI keI jvwn Kwlsw &OjW ivc Swiml sn[Awlm isMG dy 13 pu`qrW ivcoN sB qoN v`fw hukm isMG sI qy sB qoN Cotw gulzwr isMG sI[ 30 Agsq dy idn &qihgVH ivc ShId hox vwlw BweI nMd isMG Awlm isMG dw XwrHvW pu`qr sI[ aus qoN Cotw jIq isMG Aqy sB qoN Cotw gulzwr isMG sI[ ieh gulzwr isMG, mgroN 24 jUn 1734 dy idn BweI mnI isMG nwl lwhOr ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ gulzwr isMG dI pu`TI K`l lwh ky aus ƒ ShId kIqw igAw sI.

Awlm isMG rwTOr BweI Awlm isMG ƒ BweI mnI isMG dy nwl 24 jUn 1734 dy idn ShId kIqw igAw sI[ Awlm isMG nyqw isMG dw bytw, rwmw dw poqw Aqy ShId suKIAw mWfn (rwTOr rwjpUq ^wndwn) dw pVpoqw sI[ auh nyqw isMG dy iqMnW byitAW (BweI Awilm isMG, nrYx isMG qy kwhn isMG) ivcoN sB qoN v`fw sI[ iek kursInwmy ivc aus dw iek hor Brw jYml isMG vI d`isAw igAw hY[

ieh pirvwr juJwrUAW Aqy ShIdW dw pirvwr sI[suKIAw mWfn (jo BweI mnI isMG dw s`kw Pu`PV sI) 16-17 dsMbr 1634 dy idn mihrwj dI jMg ivc ShId hooieAw sI[ suKIAw mWfn dw poqw nyqw isMG Awpxy Brw jIqw isMG qy aus dy do byitAW syvw isMG qy mohr isMG nwl 14 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShId hooieAw sI[nyqw isMG dw iek hor BqIjw BweI ihMmq isMG (puqr jIqw isMG) iek idn pihlW 13 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc hI ShId hooieAw sI[ nyqw isMG dw sB qoN v`fw Brw BweI bjr isMG (jo gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw Ssqr ividAw dw ausqwd sI), mgroN cpV-icVI ivc 12 meI 1710 dy idn z^mI ho ky Agly idn ShId hoey sn[ ies mOky ’qy nyqw isMG dy do poqy vI ShId hoey sn[ nyqw isMG dw iek bytw kwnH isMG 16 jnvrI 1704 dy idn AnMdpur swihb ivc ShId hooieAw sI[

Awlm isMG Awpxy ipqw Aqy hor vfyirAW vWg hI gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI &Oj dw ih`sw sI[ gurU swihb dI ShIdI mgroN auh BweI mnI isMG dy nwl AMimRqsr rihx l`g ipAw sI[ ApRYl 1734 ivc jdoN BweI mnI isMG ƒ igR&qwr kIqw igAw (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: mnI isMG, BweI) qW gurU dw c`k ivc rihx vwly swry dy swry is`K igR&qwr kr ley gey sn[ ienHW ivc Awlm isMG rwTOr vI Swiml sI[

ienHW swirAW ƒ kYd kr ky lwhOr bMdIKwny ivc r`K ky qsIhy id`qy gey Aqy A^Ir “ieslwm Aqy mOq” ivcoN iek cuxn vwsqy ikhw igAw[ iksy vI is`K ny jwn bcwaux vwsqy is`KI C`f ky muslmwn bxnw kbUl nw kIqw[ A^Ir 24 jUn 1734 dy idn aunHW swirAW ƒ nKws cOk lwhOr ivc ShId kr id`qw igAw[

Awlm isMG ShIdI vyly ivAwihAw hoieAw sI[ aus dy do byty sn: sUrq isMG Aqy swDU isMG[ ienHW ivcoN in`ky byty swDU isMG dy A`goN cwr byty sn: nOD isMG, gulwb isMG, su`Kw isMG qy bu`Fw isMG[ A`goN bu`Fw isMG dy iqMn byty sn: jvwhr isMG, gurid`q isMG qy imq isMG[ imq isMG dy vI iqMn pu`qr sn: jvwlw isMG, virAwm isMG qy lwl isMG[ lwl isMG dy do byty krm isMG qy dIvwn isMG sn[ krm isMG dy vI do byty sn : jsvMq isMG (aur& bMqw isMG) qy mihMdr isMG[ ienHW dI vI A`goN AOlwd clI hY[ 1947 qoN pihlW ieh pirvwr guru nwnk swihb dy vswey ipMf krqwrpur (pwiksqwn) ivc rihMdw irhw sI[ mgroN ieh pUrbI pMjwb ivc Aw gey.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AwlI isMG

BweI AwlI isMG Aqy mwlI isMG dohW ƒ bwbw bMdw isMG dy nwl 9 jUn 1716 dy idn ShId kIqw igAw sI [ AwlI isMG qy mwlI isMG dovyN s`ky Brw sn[ auh srhMd qoN 25 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf slHodI dy rihx vwly sn qy srhMd dy sUbydwr vzIr Kwn dI mulwzmq ivc sn[ jdoN bMdw isMG bhwdr ny pMjwb ivc m`lHW mwrnIAW SurU kIqIAw qW ies dI ^br srhMd dy sUbydwr vzIr ^wn ƒ vI hoeI[ ies ’qy vzIr ^wn ny AwlI isMG ƒ Awpxy drbwr ivc bulwieAw Aqy it`cr kIqI ijs dw mwlI isMG ny burw mnwieAw[ ies ’qy vzIr ^wn ny aus ƒ kYd kr id`qw[ ies dw izkr rqn isMG BMgU ny ‘pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS’ ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: isRhMd iFg iek islOdI gRwm[ huqy auhW isMGn ky Dwm[iqn mY iek AwlI isMG nwm[ cwkrI krq vzIry Dwm[nvwb srihMdI ausy bulwXo[ sd puCXo ‘qum gur AOr AwXo’[quym ko cwhIAq aus pih jwE[ aus ko qum eIhW lY AwE[eIhW Awie dyaUN AlK imtwie[ rlY puqRn gur iSqwbI jwie[ isMGn khIN ij huie gur pUrw[ qO AwpY AwaUgu kXw qumYN zrUrw[iPr aun kXo qum kYdy pwvYN[ qb CofyN jb hmYN idKwvYN[

ies mgroN iksy qrIky nwl auh Awzwd hoey ky Awpxy Brw mwlI isMG Aqy 10 hor isMG lY ky bMdw isMG bhwdr ƒ l`Bx tur pey [rqn isMG BMgU muqwibk bMdw isMG nwl aunHW dw myl (sonIpq dy nyVy) KKrodw dy jMgl ivc ho igAw sI[ 12 meI 1710 ƒ ienHW swirAw dI AgvweI ivc Kwlsw &OjW ny srhMd ’qy hmlw kr ky BwrI ShIdIAW mgroN Sihr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw [bMdw isMG ny bwz isMG ƒ srhMd dw nvwb qwienwq kIqw Aqy AwlI isMG ƒ nwieb sUbydwr dI syvw sONpI: AwlI isMG nwieb TihrwXw[ mulk bwvnI aun augrwXw] (pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, s&w 98)

AwlI isMG dy Brw mwlI isMG ƒ vI bwbw bMdw isMG ny srhMd dy inzwm ivc syvw ’qy lw id`qw[ mgroN nvMbr 1710 ivc is`KW ƒ srhMd ^wlI krnw ipAw[ ies mgroN vI ieh dovyN Brw bMdw isMG dy nwl hI rhy[ auh dovyN bMdw isMG nwl hr morcy Aqy hr muihMm ivc pUrw swQ dyNdy rhy[ 1715 dIAW grmIAW ivc jdoN bMdw isMG gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc iGr igAw qW AwlI isMG qy mwlI isMG vI aunHW dy nwl sn[ aunHW ƒ igR&qwr krn mgroN id`lI ivc iljwieAw igAw ij`Qy aunHW ƒ 9 jUn 1716 dy idn ShId kr id`qw igAw. hor vyKo: slHodI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AwnMd Gn

ieh iek kwSI (bnwrs/ vwrwnsI) dw mShUr audwsI swDU sI ijs ny 1795 ivc ‘jpu’ (jpujI swihb) bwxI dw tIkw kIqw sI[ ies bRwhmxI tIky ivc is`KI isDWqW bwry bhuq Zlq iliKAw hoieAw sI[ sMqoK isMG kvI ny ‘grb gMjnI’ nW dI ikqwb ivc ies dw zbrdsq KMfn kIqw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AwnMd isMG

iek prclq kQw muqwibk ies nW dy iek is`K ny jd „AnMd swihb‟ bwxI d ieh quk “eyhu kutMbu qU ij dyKdw, clY nwhI qyrY nwly” pVHI qW ieh vYrwgvwn ho igAw sI[ ieh pqw nhIN lgdw ik auh SwdI-Sudw sI ik nhIN[ ies ny Awpxw bwkI jIvn AnMdpur swihb ivc hI ibqw id`qw qy au¤Qy sMgqW dI syvw krdw irhw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Aws kOr

rwxI Aws kOr (1772-1821) puqrI gurdws isMG syKoN dw ivAwh pitAwlw dy rwjy swihb isMG (18.8.1773 – 26.3.1813) nwl 1792 ivc hoieAw sI[ ies ny rwjw krm isMG (16.10.1798 – 23.12.1845) nUM jnm id`qw sI[ pqI dI mOq mgroN Aqy pu`qr dy nwbwlg hox dy smyN qk (jUn 1813 qoN AkqUbr 1816 qk) ies ny srkwr dw kMm bhuq isAwxp qy dlyrI nwl clwieAw[ ieh bhuq DrmI sI qy ieh ^UbIAW ies ny Awpxy pu`qr ivc vI BrIAW[ mwlvy dy bhuqy ieiqhwsk gurduAwirAW dIAW iemwrqW ies ny hI bxvweIAW sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awsw isMG BdOV

BweI Awsw isMG BdOV ipMf dw muKI sI[ 19 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gurU goibMd isMG jI BdOV pu`jy Aqy ipMf qo bwhr BweI crn dws dy fyry ‘qy ruky[ Awsw isMG gurU jI dy drSn krn vwsqy AwieAw[ aus ny guru jI nUM Awpxy Gr iljwaux dI ^wihS zwihr kIq[gurU swihb ny aus dI Arz kbUl kr leI qy auh rwq aus dy Gr ivc ibqweI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awqmw isMG sulqwnpr

AkwlI AwgU Awqmw isMG dw jnm 1912 ivc ipMf suKdyv isMG vwlw (izlHw Sy^Upurw, pwiksqwn) ivc s. JMfw isMG dy Gr hoieAw sI[ skUl dI pVHweI ^qm krn mgroN auh nwnkwxw swihb gurduAwry ivc nOkrI krn lg ipAw qy ie`Qy aus dy nW nwl hor klrkW vW| ‘bwbU’ l&z juV igAw[ aus dI SwdI qyj kOr nwl hoeI ijs qoN do DIAW ny jnm ilAw: v`fI surjIq kOr qy in`kI auipMdr kOr (jo ipqw dI mOq mgroN mgroN vzIr bxI)[

Awqmw isMG 1952 1957, 1969, qy 1977 ivc sulqwnpur loDI hlky qoN AYm.AYl.dy cuixAw igAw[ 1967, 1969 qy 1977 ivc auh vzIr vI bixAw[ Awqmw isMG ny 1955 qy 1960 ivc pMjwbU sUbw morcw ivc jylH vI k`tI[ aus ny 1969 ivc sulqwnpur loDI ivc iek kwlj vI kwiem kIqw[aus dI mOq 27 meI 1997 dy idn hoeI[ aus dy mrn ip`CoN aus dI DI auipMdrjIq kOr nUM sulqwnpur loDI dI sIt dy ky AkwlI dl ny vzIr vI bxwieAw[ pr 2012 qy 2017 ivc auh cox hwr geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awqmw isMG T`TI Kwrw

BweI Awqmw isMG (pu`qr bUtw isMG) T`TI Kwrw (izlHw AMimRqsr? qrnqwrn) dw vwsI sI[ 1915 ivc jd Zdr pwrtI ny pMjwb ivc ienklwbI kwrvweIAW SurU kIqIAW qW auh vI aunHW ivc Swiml ho igAw[ 2 meI 1915 dy idn auh aus mIitMg ivc Swiml sI ijs ivc puls koloN hiQAwr Kohx dI Xojnw bxI sI[ 11-12 jUn dy idn aus ny swQIAW nwl rl ky v`lw pul (nyVy mwnWvwlw rylvy stySn, izlHw AMimRqsr) ’qy hmlw kr ky Cy rweI&lW qy 200 kwrqUs lu`t ley[ ies kwrvweI ivc do jixAW dI mOq vI ho geI[ srkwr ny ienHW ZdrIAW dI igR&qwrI vwsqy ienwm dw AYlwn kIqw[ Awqmw isMG CyqI hI PiVAw igAw qy aus nUM 12 Agsq 1915 dy idn lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI dy id`qI geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Abdul gu&wr ^wn

Abdul gu&wr ^wn (6.2.1890-20.1.1988) ijs nUM bwcw ^wn qy bwdSwh ^wn vI ikhw jWdw sI, iek bloc AwgU sI[ aus ny AwzwdI dI j`dojihd ivc bhuq ih`sw pwieAw qy keI vwr jylH vI igAw[ auh ‘^udweI i^dmqgwr’ lihr dw moFI sI[ auh musilm lIg dw k`tV ivroDI sI qy Bwrq dI vMf dy s^q i^lw& sI[ auh smJdw sI ik jy pwiksqwn bixAw qW bloicsqwn dy lokW vwsqy mwVw hovygw[ ies kr ky aus ny gWDI qy nihrU dw swQ id`qw[pr aus nUM pqw nhIN sI ik gWDI, nihrU qy ptyl qW qwkq h`Q ivc lyx vwsqy sB kuJ krn vwsqy iqAwr sn[ 1947 mgroN aus ny pwiksqwn ivc Awzwd bloicsqwn dI lihr SurU kIqI[ pwiksqwn bxn ip`CoN vI aus dw bhuqw smW jylH ivc bIiqAw[ aus ny 1964 qoN 1972 qk dw smW jlwvqnI ivc (ieMglYNf, AmrIkw qy A&gwisqwn ivc) ibqwieAw[ 1973 ivc aus nUM iPr igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ ies mgroN auh bhuqw smW Gr ivc nzrbMd irhw qy nzrbMdI ivc hI aus dI mOq hoeI[ ieM\ auh 40 swl jyLH jW nzrbMdI jW jlwvqnI ivc irhw[ aus dI vsIAq muqwibk aus dI lwS A&gwinsqwn dy Sihr jlwlwbwd ivc d&nweI geI qy aus dI lwS dy nwl hzwrW bloc ipSwvr qoN jlwlwbwd gey sn. (qsvIr: Abdul gu&wr ^wn):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Abdu`lw, Sy^

Sy^ muhMmd Abdu`lw (5.1.1905 – 8.9.1982) kSmIr dw cI& minstr qy pRweIm minstr irhw sI[ aus ny AlIgVH musilm XUnIvristI qoN AYm.AYs-sI. dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI qy isAwsq nUM Awpxw pySy vjoN Apxw ilAw[ 1936 ivc aus ny mulk nUM AMgryzW qoN Awzwd krvwaux dI j`dojihd ivc Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ 1947 ivc jd kSmIr dy fogry rwjy ny Bwrq ivc Swiml hox dw AYlwn kIqw qW ieh pRweIm minstr bxwieAw igAw[ pr 1953 ivc ies ny kSmIr dI AzwdI dI j`dojihd SurU kr id`qI ijs kr ky ies nUM 9 Agsq 1953 dy idn igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ aus nUM 1958 ivc irhw kr id`qw igAw pr 3 mhIny mgroN Pyr igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy 7 ApRYL 1964 qk jylH ivc r`iKAw igAw[ 1965 dI jMg vyly aus nUM Pyr igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy 1968 qk auh jylH ivc hI irhw[ 1971 dI jMg vyly kSmIr ivc aus dy dw^ly ’qy pwbMdI lw id`qI geI sI[ 1974 ivc aus ny Bwrq srkwr nwl ^u&IAw smJOqw kIqw ijs hyT aus nUM sUby dw cI& minstr bxw id`qw igAw[ aus mgroN aus dw pu`qr (&wrU^ Abdu`kw) qy poqw (aumr Abdu`lw) vI kSmIr dy cI& minstr bxy sn. (qsvIr: Sy^ Abdu`lw):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Abdus smd ^wn

Abdus smd ^wn (mOq 26.7.1737) Kvwjw Abdul krIm AMswrI dw pu`qr AOrMgzyb dy smyN muZl drbwr dw Aihlkwr sI[ies dw Asl nW Kvwjw Abdur rhIm sI[ 2 &rvrI 1713 dy idn muZl bwdSwh &r`^sIAr ny aus nUM lwhOr dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw sI[ 1715 ivc aus ny hzwrW ispwhIAW nwl bMdw isMG bhwdr nUM gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc Gyr ilAw qy A^Ir 8 mhIny dy Gyry mgroN ADmoey ho cuky is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ 1726 ivc aus dy pu`qr zkrIAw ^wn (mOq 1745) nUM aus dI jgh lwhOr dw sUbydwr bxw ky, aus nUM mulqwn dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw igAw[ ipau pu`qr dohW ny is`KW ’qy bhuq zulm Fwhy sn[ ies dI poqrI muZlwnI byZm (ivDvw mIr mMnU) vI 1754 qoN 1756 qk lwhOr dI sUbydwr rhI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ABY isMG soFI

ABY rwm pu`qr kMvl nYx poqw hirjI pVpoqw imhrbwn qy pV-pVpoqw ipRQI cMd (pu`qr gurU rwmdws swihb) iFlvW klW (kotkpUrw qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) dw vwsI sI[ mIixAW nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI ny is`KI ivcoN Kwrj kIqw hoieAw sI[27 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gurU jI ipMf iFlvW klW gey sn qW kMvl nYx qy aus dy pu`qr ABY rwm ny gurU jI nUM jI AwieAW ikhw qy is`KI ivc Swiml hox dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI jo gurU jI ny kbUl kr leI[ auh rwq gurU jI ny aunHW dy Gr ivc ibqweI[aus ny 29 mwrc 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb qoN KMfy dI pwhul leI qy rsmI qOr ’qy vI is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw[ 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn jd gurU jI d`Kx jwx vwsqy au¤QoN tury qW auh aunHW nUM Alivdw kihx vwsqy AwieAw sI.

(iFlvW klW ivc ABY isMG soFI dw Gr hux ieh gurduAwrw hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AbU &zl

AbU &zl (14.1.1551 – 12.8.1602) pu`qr Sy^ mubwrk Akbr dw bhuq Aihm drbwrI sI[ aus ny Akbr nwmw Aqy AweIny-AkbrI do ikqwbW vI ilKIAW[ 24 nvMbr 1598 dy idn jd Akbr goieMdvwl ivc gurU Arjn swihb nUM imilAw qW auh vI auQy hwzr sI Aqy aus ny ies nUM AwpxI ilKq ivc irkwrf vI kIqw sI[ Akbr dw pu`qr Sihzwdw slIm (jhWgIr) aus nUM psMd nhIN krdw sI ies kr ky aus ny bIr isMh buMdylw rwhIN aus nUM mrvw id`qw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

A`Cr isMG CInw

A`Cr isMG CInw (2.10.1899 – 11.3.1981) dw jnm ipMf hrsw CInw (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw pihlw isAwsI AYkSn sMn 1921 ivc ipRMs Aw& vylz dI pMjwb PyrI smyN ros ivc ih`sw lYxw sI[ ies mgroN auh AmrIkw clw igAw qy brkly XUnIvristI ivc pVHweI krn lg ipAw[ ie`Qy hI auh Zdr lihr dw ih`sw bx igAw[ ies dy nwl hI auh kimaUinstW dy nyVy vI Aw igAw[ 1932 ivc auh rUs igAw qy kimaUinzm dI isiKAw hwisl kIqI[ 1936 ivc auh dys priqAw qW aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy 2 mhIny jylH ivc r`iKAw igAw[ 1937 ivc aus nUM iek swl vwsqy ipMf ivc nzrbMd kr id`qw igAw[ 13 mwrc 1938 dy idn &qihvwl ivc hoeI iek kwn&rMs ivc Swiml hoey lokW ’qy hmlw krn (ijs ivc do bMidAW dI mOq ho geI sI), aus smyq 49 lokW ’qy kys drj kIqw igAw sI[ pr, gvwhIAW nw iml skx kwrn auh brI ho igAw sI[ ies mgroN aus dw myl suBwS cMdr bos nwl hoieAw[ aus ny bos nUM A&Zwinsqwn rwhIN rUs iljw ky stwiln nwl imlwaux dI plwn bxweI, pr 1940 ivc blYk hol dI Gtnw dy islisly ivc bos nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI, ies kr ky ieh plwn ivcy DrI rih geI[ 1942 ivc jd auh A&Zwinsqwn dy nyVy srh`d pwr kr irhw sI qW PiVAw igAw qy cwr mhIny kYd kr id`qw igAw[ iesy swl aus nUM pMjwb ikswn sBw dw pRDwn cux ilAw igAw[ iesy smyN auh pMjwb kimaUinst pwrtI dw sk`qr vI bx igAw[ Bwrq dI AzwdI mgroN vI 1950 ivc aus nUM igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ jylH ivc bYiTAW hI auh 1957 ivc Ajnwlw qoN AYm AYl ey cuixAw igAw; 1962 ivc auh dobwrw ij`iqAw[ 1981 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI. (qsvIr: A`Cr isMG CInw):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

A`Cr isMG jQydwr

jQydwr A`Cr isMG (18.1.1892 – 6.8.1976) dw jnm BweI hukm isMG dy Gr GxIeyky (izlHw lwhOr, hux pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus nUM bcpn ivc hI gurbwxI Aqy is`K ieiqhws pVHn dw SOk rKdw sI[pMdrW swl dI aumr ivc auh brmw (mXWmwr) clw igAw ij`Qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ 1914-18 dI ivSv jMg ivc aus nUM ierwk ivc qweInwq kIqw igAw[ jMg ^qm hox mgroN auh iPr brmw prq AwieAw[

20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivc hoey is`KW dy kqlyAwm mgroN aus ny &Oj qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw Aqy pMjwb muV AwieAw[ eyQy Aw ky auh mwJw sYNtrl dIvwn ivc Swiml ho igAw[ 10 &rvrI 1924 dy idn aus nUM Akwl q^q swihb dI syvw sMBwl krn vwly j`Qy dw jQydwr bxwieAw igAw[ jYqo jwx vwly ShIdI j`iQAW nUM isropwE dyx dy ‘jurm’ ivc aus nUM 7 meI 1924 dy idn igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ aus ny iek swl qoN vD smW mIAWvwlI jylH ivc ibqwieAw[ 1926 ivc aus nUM gurduAwrw fyhrw swihb lwhOr dw gRMQI lwieAw igAw[ ij`Qy aus ny 14 swl syvw kIqI[ 1940 ivc aus nUM drbwr swihb ivc gRMQI dI syvw sONpI geI[

1955 ivc aus nUM Akwl q^q swihb dI syvw sMBwl krn vwly jQy dw jQydwr lwieAw igAw[ 4 julweI 1955 dy idn jd pMjwb srkwr ny drbwr swihb ’qy hmlw kIqw qW aus nUM igRR&qwr kr ilAw igAw, pr 6 julweI nUM hI irhw kr id`qw igAw[ 1960 ivc jd &qih isMG gMgwngr Aqy 1961 ivc mwstr qwrw isMG ny pMjwbI sUby dI kwiemI vwsqy mrn vrq r`K ky pRx pUrw kIqy ibnw C`f id`qw qW ieh kys Akwl q^q swihb ’qy pyS kIqw igAw[ aus dI AgvweI ivc, pMj is`KW ny, Akwl q^q swihb ’qy bYT ky 29 nvMbr 1961 dy idn ies kys dw &Yslw suxwieAw[ pr ies dy bwvjUd, pRqwp isMG kYroN cI& minstr dI Sih ’qy mwstr qwrw isMG dy mu^wl&W ny aus dw ivroD jwrI r`iKAw[ ies nwl AkwlI dl dy do ih`sy ho gey[ A^Ir ivroDI DVy ny 2 AkqUbr 1961 dy idn SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ ies mgroN drbwr swihb dw pRbMD ivgVn lg ipAw[ au¤Qy jurm qy kurpSn dw bol bwlw hox lg ipAw[ ies ’qy aus ny Akwl q^q dI syvw sMBwl qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw[ 4 nvMbr 1962 dy idn aus nUM AkwlI dl (mwstr grup) dw pRDwn cux ilAw igAw[ies mgroN vI aus ny dohW AkwlI dlW nUM iek krn dI koiSS kIqI[ 7 AkqUbr 1963 dy idn AkwlI kwn&rMs krnwl ivc aus ny pMQk eykqw vwsqy Ahudw C`fx dI pySkS kIqI[ pr aus ny dyiKAw ik dohW DiVAw dy AwgUAW dIAW nIAqW sw& nhIN hn ies kr ky aus ny 22 jnvrI 1964 dy idn AkwlI dl dI pRDwngI qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw[ 1976 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI. (qsvIr: jQydwr A`Cr isMG):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AwktrlonI sr fyivf AwktrlonI (12.2.1758 – 15..7.1825) bostn (AmrIkw) ivc pYdw hoieAw iek nOjvwn sI, jo 1777 ivc ihMdosqwn AwieAw sI[ ie`Qy Aw ky aus ny AwpxI bhwdrI Aqy sUJ dI DWk jmw leI[ pihlW auh lwrf lyk hyTW iek sInIAr &OjI jrnYl sI[ 1803 ivc aus nUM id`lI dw rYzIfYNt bxw id`qw igAw sI qy 1804 ivc aus nUM myjr jnrl dw Ahudw dy id`qw igAw[ iesy swl jd

mrh`tw jrnYl jsvMq rwE holkr ny id`lI ’qy hmlw kIqw qW ies ny aus nUM hrw ky Bjw id`qw sI[ 1816 ivc aus ny nYpwl dy goriKAW nUM hrwieAw[ ies mgroN aus nUM bhuq swry ^qwb qy AYvwrf id`qy gey[ 1818 ivc aus nUM rwjpUqwnw ivc rYzIfYNt lw id`qw igAw (id`lI pihlW hI aus dy pRbMD hyT sI)[

eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI ny ies nUM mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI nwl sbMDW vwsqy s&wrqI numwieMdw bxwieAw sI[ sMn 1812 ivc KVk isMG dI SwdI vyly ieh ^ws mihmwnW ivcoN iek sI[ 1825 ivc ies ny Brqpur dy rwjy dI mdd kIqI Aqy aus dI mdd vwsqy &Oj qweInwq krn dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw,ijs nUM gvrnr jnrl lwrf AYmrst ny r`d kr id`qw[ ies ’qy ies ny AsqI&w dy id`qw qy id`lI ivc rihx lg ipAw[ julweI 1825 ivc auh myrT ivc sI, ij`Qy idl dw dOrw pYx nwl aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

A`fn Swh

BweI A`fn Swh (1688-26.4.1757) iek guris`K prvwr ivc ipMf laU (izlHw JMg) ivc pYdw hoieAw sI[ bcpn qoN hI aus ivc syvw Bwv bhuq sI ijs kr ky auh BweI GneIAw dy cyly syvw rwm dI sMgq ivc irhw[ syvw rwm dI mOq mgroN aus ny ‘syvwpMQI’ ivcwrDwrw dw bhuq pRcwr kIqw[ bhuq v`fI igxqI ivc cyly aus nwl Swiml ho gey[ aus dy cyilAW ny aus sbMDI rcnwvW vI kIqIAW ijnHW ivc sihj rwm ricq ‘swKIAW BweI A`fn Swh’, ‘suKn PkIrW dy’, ‘bcn goibMd lokW dy’ bhuq mShUr hn[ A`fn SwhIey ividAw dw pRcwr vI bhuq krdy sn qy gRMQ ilK ilK ky lokW qk phuMcwauNdy sn[ ies kr ky ienHW dI bxweI ilKx vwlI isAwhI (A`fnSwhI isAwhI) vI bhuq mShUr ho geI sI[A`fn Swh ny Awpxw AMq smW jMmU ivc ibqwieAw[ BwvyN syvwpMQI lihr dw moFI BweI Gn`eIAw isMG sI pr A`fn Swh dy nW kr ky iek v`Krw fyrw/lihr aus dy nW ’qy vI SurU ho igAw qy aus dy cyilAW nUM A`fnSwhIey kihx lg pey[ ies syvwpMQI lihr ivc BweI Gn`eIAw isMG, syvw rwm, A`fn Swh qoN ielwvw shj rwm, rwxw rwm, lCmx rwm, nwrwiex rwm, swihb rwm, BdR rwm qy sMqoK rwm vI bhuq mShUr hoey hn[ ie`kIvI sdI ivc BweI qIrQ isMG goinAwnw mMfI ny vI ies lihr ivc bhuq ih`sw pwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 AdInw byg

AdInw byg aur& bihrwm jMg (mOq 10 sqMbr 1758) ArweIN zwq dy cMnU dw pu`qr sI[ ieh Skrpur (nyVy lwhOr) dw iek ZrIb prvwr nwl sbMDq sI[ jd auh jvwn hoieAw qW muZl &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ AwpxI bhwdrI Aqy ilAwkq sdkw auh bhuq CyqI qr`kI dIAW pOVIAW cVHdw igAw qy A^Ir auh sulqwnpur loDI dw hwkm bxw id`qw igAw[ 1739 ivc lwhOr dy sUby dwr zkrIAw ^wn ny aus nUM jlMDr duAwb dw nwzm bxw id`qw[ zkrIAw ^wn dI mOq mgroN aus ny kuJ icr is`KW nwl suKwvyN sbMD r`Ky[ 1748 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dy hmly dOrwn auh mIr mMnU dy nwl moFy nwl moFw fwh ky liVAw qy lVweI ivc z^mI vI hoieAw[ lwhOr dw sUbydwr bxn mgroN mIr mMnU ny dIvwn kOVw m`l nUM Awpxw vzIr bxw ilAw[ ies ’qy AdInw byg ny aus dy i^lw& swizSW GVnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ dsMbr 1751 ivc jd Aihmd Swh ny muV hmlw kIqw qW ies ny swizS kr ky aus nUM lVweI ivc mrvw id`qw[ pr ies dy bwvjUd auh lwhOr dw vzIr nw bx sikAw qy jlMDr doAwb qk hI mihdUd irhw[ mIr mMnU dI mOq (3 nvMbr 1753) qoN mgroN mIr mMnU dI byZm ny, Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dI mnzUrI nwl, Awpxy in`ky pu`qr dy nW ’qy lwhOr dI sUbydwrI sMBwl leI qW AdInw byg ny Awpxy Awp nUM lwhOr drbwr qoN Awzwd mMnxw SurU kr id`qw[ 1754 ivc aus ny iek nvyN ngr dI nINh r`K ijs dw nW AdInwngr r`iKAw (jo mgroN dInw ngr bx igAw)[ meI 1756 ivc id`lI dI muZl hkUmq ny aus nUM mulqwn qy lwhOr dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw[ kuJ mhIny mgroN hI Aihmd Swh ny hmlw kIqw qW ieh pMjwb qoN n`s igAw[ ApRYl 1758 ivc aus ny is`KW qy mrh`itAW nwl muhwz bxw ilAw Aqy Aihmd Swh dy numwieMidAW qoN hkUmq Koh ky lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies mgroN aus ny is`KW dy i^lw& vI muihMm CyV leI pr CyqI hI aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AdlI, BweI

BYxI ipMf (hux cohlw swihb* ipMf) dw vwsI, gurU rwmdws jI dy vyly dw iek is`K ijs dI suhbq qy isiKAw nwl, ibDI cMd corI, fwky C`f ky gurU Arjn swihb vyly is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI {*cohlw swihb ipMf, surisMG ipMf qoN 37 Aqy goieMdvwl qoN 23 qy srhwlI qoN 6 iklomItr dUr hY}.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AwhlUvwlIAw imsl

1. j`sw isMG (pu`qr BweI bdr isMG qy poqrw BweI gopwl) ies imsl dw moFI sI[ (kuJ lyKk AwhlU ipMf dy s`dw isMG nUM ies imsl dw moFI mMndy hn[ AwhlU ipMf pwiksqwn dy izlHw lwhOr ivc lwhOr Sihr qoN 25, kwhnw ipMf qoN 5 qy gurU mWgt qoN qkrIbn 2 iklomItr dUr hY)[ j`sw isMG ny AwpxI aumr dy muFly kuJ swl mwqw suMdr kOr dI ih&wzq ivc id`lI ivc ibqwey sn[ mgroN 1729 ivc nvwb kpUr isMG aus ƒ Awpxy nwl lY AwieAw sI[ rqn isMG BMgU muqwibk mwqw suMdr kOr iek vwr AMimRqsr AweI sI qy auh j`sw isMG nUM Awp kpUr isMG nUM sONp geI sI[ ies mOky ‘qy mwqw ny drbwr swihb ivc kIrqn vI kIqw sI qy auh vI, iek nhIN, keI vwr kIqw sI[ (rqn isMG BMgU, 1939 dI AYfISn, s&w 204)[ (2003 ivc drbwr swihb ivc bIbIAW dy kIrqn rokx vwly, bRwhmxvwdI soc vwly, cODrIAW ny nw qW kdy is`K qvwrI^ pVHI hY qy nw hI is`K i&lws&I)[

iek hor irvwieq muqwibk j`sw isMG dw mwmw bwG isMG aus nUM id`lI qoN lY AwieAw sI[ audoN j`sw isMG dI aumr 7 swl sI[ iek vwr (nvwb) kpUr isMG bwG isMG nUM imlx igAw[ ies mOky ’qy kpUr isMG ny bwG isMG nUM ikhw ik auh j`sw isMG nUM aus dI sONpxw ivc dy dyvy[ ies vyly j`sw isMG dI aumr 13 swl dI sI[ kpUr isMG ny j`sw isMG nUM Awpxy pu`qr vWg pwilAw[

kuJ swlW mgroN j`sw isMG ny Awpxw vKrw j`Qw bxw ilAw qy muZlW dy i^lw& jMg ivc vD-cVH ky ih`sw lYx lg ipAw[ 1739 ivc nwdr Swh ny pMjwb ’qy hmlw kIqw[ ies mOky ’qy j`sw isMG ny gurIlw lVweIAW rwhIN aus nUM cYn nw lYx id`qw[ nwdr Swh dy jwx mgroN j`sw isMG ny rwvI dirAw dy kMFy f`lyvwl ivc iek iklHw bxieAw[ 1743 ivc aus ny eymnwbwd qoN lwhOr jWdy SwhI ^zwny nUM lu`t ky GoVy qy hiQAwrW dw BMfwr jmHw kr ilAw[ 29 mwrc 1748 nUM jd swry is`K j`iQAW nUM dl Kwlsw dy nW hyT 11 imslW ivc jQybMd kIqw igAw qW aus nUM AwhlUvwlIAw imsl dw muKI bxwieAw igAw[ 1753 ivc is`K &OjW (dl Kwlsw) dy jQydwr nvwb kpUr isMG dI mOq mgroN j`sw isMG 30 swl (1753 qoN 1783 qk) dl Kwlsw dw muKI irhw sI[

ies imsl ny sB qoN pihlw kbzw &qihbwd ’qy 1755 ivc kIqw ijs nUM ies ny 1758 ivc imsl dw hYfkuAwrtr bxwieAw[ 1757 ivc aus ny jlMDr dy A&Zwn hwkm nUM hrwieAw[ 1758 ivc ies ny lwhOr ’qy pihlI vwrI kbzw kIqw sI (mgroN ieh AYkSn 1761 ivc vI duhrwieAw igAw sI)[

1759 ivc aus ny kWgVy dy rwjy nUM hrw ky nzrwnw lYxw SurU kIqw[ 1763 ivc nwlwgVH qy iblwspur ny vI aus nUM nzrwnw dyxw SurU kIqw[ ies qoN CyqI mgroN hI aus ny jlwlpur, goieMdvwl, buqwlw, qrnqwrn, qy KfUr vI ij`q ley[ ies qoN bwAd aus ny nfwlw, imAwxI, bygovwl vI ij`qy[ aus ny 1771 ivc rweykot vI ij`q ilAw[ 1772 ivc ies ny kpUrQlw vI ij`q ilAw qy 1780 ivc aus ny ies Sihr nUM imsl dI rwjDwnI bxw ilAw[ sulqwnpur loDI vI aus dy kbzy ivc sI[ j`sw isMG ny PgvwVw qy tWfw auVmuV dy hwkmW qoN vI nzrwnw ilAw[ aus ny sqluj pwr kr ky eIsVU qy kot eIsw ^wn vI ij`q ley[ j`sw isMG ny 1761 ivc lwhOr ’qy kbzw kIqw pr auh auQy TihirAw nhIN sI[ 5 &rvrI 1762 dy ku`p rhIV dy (v`fy) G`lUGwry ivc aus ny kOm nUM Swndwr AgvweI id`qI[ ies idn aus nUM 22 z^m l`gy[ 1764 ivc srhMd dy zYn ^wn nUM hrwaux vyly vI aus ny AgvweI kIqI sI[ ksUr ’qy hmly ivc vI auh Swiml sI[ aus dI izMdgI dw Aw^rI Aihm AYkSn 11 mwrc 1783 dy idn id`lI dy lwl iklHy ’qy guru goibMd isMG jI dw nIlw inSwn swihb Julwauxw sI[

22 AkqUbr 1783 dy idn j`sw isMG dI mOq ho geI[ aus dIAW do DIAW sn qy pu`qr koeI nhIN sI, ies kr ky aus qoN mgroN aus dw BqIjw Bwg isMG (1735-1801) ies imsl dw muKI bixAw[

Bwg isMG ny j`sw isMG dy rwj ivc koeI vwDw nhIN kIqw[ aus dw sB qoN v`fw nukswn j`sw isMG dy lwey dIvwn bUVHw m`l ny kIqw, ijs ny do vwr bZwvq vI kIqI[ ieM\ hI aus dw JgVw rwmgVHIAw qy hor imslW nwl cldw rihMdw sI[

1801 ivc Bwg isMG dI mOq ho geI qy aus qoN bwAd &qih isMG (1789-1837) ies imsl dw muKI bixAw[ &qih isMG Aqy (mhwrwjw) rxjIq isMG Awps ivc dosqW vWg rihMdy rhy sn[ 1802 ivc &qih isMG ny rxjIq isMG dy kTUAw, nOSihrw Aqy mgroN 1803 ivc sujwnpur qy 1804 ivc ksUr ’qy hmly ivc aus dw swQ idqw sI[ 1804 ivc jd rxjIq isMG ny AMimRqsr ’qy kbzw kIqw qW vI &qih isMG aus dy nwl sI[ 1807 ivc aus ny rxjIq isMG v`loN JMg Aqy isAwlkot ’qy hmly ivc pUrw swQ id`qw[ 1809 ivc aus ny rxjIq isMG nwl iml ky kWgVw ’qy hmlw kIqw[ 1811 ivc aus ny buD isMG qoN jlMDr Kohx ivc rxjIq isMG dw swQ id`qw[ iesy swl aus ny rxjIq isMG dI mMfI, ku`lU qy 1813 ivc hzwrw dI muihMm ivc vI swQ id`qw[ 1818-19 ivc rxjIq isMG dI mulqwn muihMm ivc vI auh Swiml sI[ jd rxjIq isMG ny 1818 ivc kWgVw qy dobwrw hmlw kIqw qW vI &qih isMG aus dy nwl sI[ 1819 ivc kSmIr muihMm ivc vI aus ny rxjIq isMG dw pUrw swQ idqw[ rxjIq isMG ny ies swry bdly &qih isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ƒ sqluj pwrly dwKw Aqy qlvMfI dy ielwky dy idqy[

1825 ivc aus dy vzIr kwdr b^S ny aus ivc qy rxjIq isMG ivc Axbx krvw id`qI[ (Aihmd Swh btwlIAw, s&w 28)[ ies ’qy 27 dsMbr 1825 nUM &qih isMG sqluj dirAw pwr kr ky Awpxy dUjy ielwky vl clw igAw (sqluj pwr aus kol 454 ipMf sn)[ aus dy ip`CoN rxjIq isMG ny aus dy ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1827 ivc rxjIq isMG ny aus ƒ s`cI dosqI dw XkIn idvwieAw qy vwips bulw ilAw[ 20 AkqUbr 1837 dy idn aus dI mOq ho geI[

aus mgroN aus dw pu`qr inhwl isMG (10.3.1817- 13.9.1852) muKI bixAw[ inhwl isMG dw Awpxy Brw Amr isMG nwl g`dI dw JgVw kuJ icr cldw irhw jo iek vwr vkqI qOr ’qy h`l qW ho igAw pr aus nUM suK dw swh Amr isMG dI Acwxk hoeI mOq mgroN hI AwieAw[ inhwl isMG iek kmzor rwjw sI (gir&n, s&w 503)[ aus dy b`cy A`XwSI ivc pY ky qbwh ho gey[ (^ws kr ky aus dI DI goibMd kOr ny qW bdie^lwkI dI h`d hI pwr kr id`qI qy iek ispwhI nwl B`j geI qy A^Ir bVI burI mOqy mrI)[ inhwl isMG ny AMgryzW qy lwhOr srkwr dI pihlI lVweI (dsMbr 1845- &rvrI 1846) ivc AMgrzW dy i^lw& ih`sw ilAw[ pr dUjI lVweI (1848-49) ivc auh AMgryzW dy nwl sI[ (AlI-aud-dIn mu&qI, ijld pihlI, s&y 499-500)[

1852 ivc inhwl isMG dI mOq qoN bwd rxDIr isMG (mwrc 1831-2.4.1870) kpUrQlw dw rwjw bixAw[ 1857 dy Zdr ivc aus ny AMgryzW dw swQ id`qw[ AMgryzW ny ies bdly aus nUM ‘&rzMd idlbMd’ dw i^qwb id`qw[ ies mgroN vI auh AMgryzW dw pUrw v&wdwr irhw[ 17 AkqUbr 1864 dy idn aus nUM ‘stwr Aw& ieMfIAw’ dw i^qwb imilAw[ mwrc 1870 ivc auh ieMglYNf jwx vwsqy bMbeI qoN jhwz ivc rvwnw hoieAw[ rwh ivc Adn ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[

aus dI mOq mgroN 20 swl dy KVk isMG (1850-5.9.1877) ny hkUmq sMBwlI[ aus ny s`q swl hkUmq kIqI[ 1877 ivc jgqjIq isMG (17.11. 1872-19.6.1949) rwjw bixAw[ aus ny 1948 ivc pYpsU dI kwiemI mgroN hkUmq guAw leI[ ies

pirvwr dy kuMvr ibkrm isMG (ijs dy nW ‘qy jlMDr ivc muh`lw ibkrm purw bixAw hoieAw hY) ny isMG sBw lihr ivc bVw v`fw rol Adw kIqw sI[

ies imsl dI iek SwK jgrwEN Aqy mOjUdw hirAwxw dy bVog, PqihgVH qy nwrwiexgVH ’qy vI kwbz sI[ do lK swlwnw dI Awmdn vwly ies ielwky ivcoN j`sw isMG ny imrjw isMG sulqwnivMf ƒ &qihgVH, hkUmq isMG ƒ BVog Aqy dsONdw isMG ƒ nrYxgVH sONp idqw hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Ahmd seIAd brylvI

seIAd Ahmd (29.11.1786- 6.5.1831) brylI dw rihx vwlw iek suMnI hnw&I mOlvI sI[ aus ny 1826 ivc muslmwnW nUM BVkw ky is`KW dy i^lw& mzhbI jMg (jhwd) CyiVAw[ hzwrW muslmwn aus dy JMfy hyT iek`Ty ho gey[ ies mgroN auh is`KW qoN hkUmq Kohx vwsqy pMjwb v`l cl ipAw[ ipSwvr dw sUbydwr Aqy milk j`t aus dy nwl rl gey[ aus dI pihlI v`fI lVweI dsMbr 1826 ivc, Atk dy nyVy Akorw kol hoeI ijs ivc ies nUM bu`D isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny burI qrHW hrwieAw[ ies mgroN ipSwvr dw sUbydwr Aqy milk j`t aus nUM C`f gey[ hux p^qUnW ny aus dw swQ id`qw pr jd aus ny p^qUnW dI rozwnw izMdgI ivc d^l dyxw SurU kIqw qW auh aus dy i^lw& ho gey[ ies mgroN aus ny meI 1831 ivc bwlwkot (izlHw mnsyrw) ivc is`K &OjW nwl iek hor t`kr leI ijs ivc aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Ahmd Swh AbdwlI/ du`rwnI

Ahmd Swh AbdwlI / du`rwnI (1722-16.10.1772) dw jnm s`dozeI AbdwlI kbIly dy muKI zmwn ^wn (sUbydwr: hYrwq, A&Zwinsqwn) dy Gr hoieAw sI[ aus dw pihlw nW Ahmd ^wn sI[ jd auh jvwn hoieAw qW auh A&SrId slqnq dI &Oj ivc Swiml ho igAw[ kuJ icr mgroN auh 4000 jvwnW dI AbdwlI p^qUnW dI iek rjmMt dw kmWfr bx igAw[ 1738 ivc auh nwdr Swh dw injI gwrf sI[ jUn 1747 ivc nwdr Swh dI mOq mgroN aus nUM A&Zwinsqwn dw bwdSwh cux ilAw igAw[

bwdSwh bxn dy kuJ hI swlW ivc aus ny kSmIr qoN prHy prHy, Kurwswn, bu^wrw, AwmU dirAw qk Aqy ieDr Arb swgr qk dy ielwky’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ieDr kwbl ’qy kbzy mgroN aus ny pMjwb v`l mUMh kr ilAw[ dsMbr 1747 ivc aus ny 40000 dI &Oj nwl KYbr d`rw lMG ky ipSwvr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ iPr isMD dirAw pwr kr ky 12 jnvrI 1748 dy idn lwhOr ’qy kbzw krn mgroN auh id`lI v`l cl ipAw[ pr 11 mwrc 1748 dy idn qrwvVI kol mnUpur ivc aus nUM mIr mueInaudIn (mIr mMnU) dI AgvweI ivc muZl &OjW ny hrw id`qw[ pr aus ny Agly swl dsMbr 1749 ivc iPr hmlw kIqw qy ies vwr auh jyqU irhw[ ies mgroN aus ny 11 vwr pMjwb Aqy id`lI ’qy hmly kIqy: dsMbr 1751, dsMbr 57, AkqUbr 1759, meI 1760 qoN mwrc 61, &rvrI 1762, AkqUbr 1764, dsMbr 1766 dy A^Ir ivc, dsMbr 1768, dsMbr 1769, jUn 1770 ivc[ ienHW hmilAW ivc auh bySumwr dOlq lu`t ky lY igAw[ aus dI sB qoN v`fI lu`t jnvrI 1757 dI sI ijs ivc auh ny eynw sonw, hOry, Aqy hor kImqI mwl m`qw lu`itAw ik aus dy 2200 GoVy, hwQI vZYrw ies swmwn nwl l`dy hoey sn[ 17 jnvrI 1761 dy idn pwnIpq ivc mrh`itAW nUM burI qrHW hrwieAw[ 5 &rvrI 1762 dy idn aus ny ku`p rhIV dy jMgl ivc bYTy is`KW ’qy Acwxk hmlw kr ky 40000 ivcoN 20-25 hzwr ShId is`K kr id`qy pr is`KW ny 17 AkqUbr 1762 dy idn aus dI &Oj nUM AMimRqsr ivc burI hrwieAw[ ies mgroN Ahmd Swh dw zvwl SurU ho igAw[ aus ny ies mgroN vI hmly jwrI r`Ky pr hux auh is`KW dy mukwbly ivc kmzor ho cukw sI[ A^Ir 1772 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Ahmd, SY^

srhMdI SY^ Ahmd srhMdI (26.5.1564 – 30.11.1624), pu`qr SYK Abdl Ahd dw jnm sIrMd (hux srhMd) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh Awpxy Awp nUM ^lI&w aumr dy ^wndwn ivcoN dsdw sI[ auh 1599 ivc nkSbMdI i&rky ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ aus ny ieslwm dy nkSbMdI nzrIey bwry bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW ilKIAW ijs kr ky auh bhuq mShUr ho igAw[ aus ivc muq`sb bhuq izAwdw sI qy auh Akbr dI sulhkul nIqI nUM psMd nhIN krdw sI[ aus ny ZYr muslmwnW qoN jzIAw (Dwrimk tYks) lYxw bMd krn dI vI mu^wl&q kIqI sI[ auh cwhuMdw sI ik hr pwsy ieslwmI SrIAq dw kwnUMn lwgU hoxw cwhIdw hY[ auh sU&IAW dy vI bhuq i^lw& sI[ aus bwry ieh ikhw jWdw hY ik aus ny jhWgIr nUM guru Arjn swihb dI ShIdI dI mubwkrbwd dI ic`TI vI ilKI sI (mqkUbwq nMbr 193)[ 1619 ivc jhWgIr aus nwl nwrwz ho igAw qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kYd kr id`qw ij`Qy auh iek swl irhw[ aus nUM 1620 ivc irhw kIqw igAw qy aus mgroN auh muZl bwdSwh dy drbwr ivc hwzr irhw[Aijhw jwpdw hY ik Swied muZl bwdSwh AOrMgzyb vI aus qoN Asr-AMdwz (pRBwivq) sI[aus dy pYrokwrW ny aus nUM ‘muj`dd Ail& swnI’ (dUjI ds-sdI dI nvsurjIqI krn vwlw) dw i^qwb id`qw hoieAw hY[ iksy vyly dunIAW Br ivc aus dy pRsMsk sn[ aus dw mzwr srhMd ivc rOzw SrI& dy nW nwl jwixAw jWdw hY qy hr swl hzwrW lok dUr dUr qoN aus dI izAwrq (Dwrimk Xwqrw) krn AwauNdy hn. (qsvIr: &qihgVH ivc SY^ Aihmd srhMdI dw mzwr):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Ajb (sMGw)

BweI Ajb/Ajwieb sMGw (Ajwieb Aqy aumr Swh dw Brw) frolI BweI (izlHw mogw) dw vwsI sI[ pihlW ieh muslmwn pIr sulqwn sKI srvr dw cylw sI[ pr, gurU Arjn swihb nUM imlx mgroN ies is`KI dw Atu`t AMg bx igAw[ aus ny qy aus dy BrwvW ny gurU dw c`k ivc AMimRqsr srovr bxn smyN bhuq syvw kIqI sI[ gurU Arjn swihb ny aus nUM mogw, zIrw qy Drmkot dy ielwky ivc prcwr vwsqy msMd QwipAw hoieAw sI[ iesy prvwr ivcoN nMd cMd nUM gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny drbwrI dIvwn (vzIr) QwipAw sI[ hor vyKo: frolI BweI, nMd cMd sMGw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Ajb isMG

BweI Ajb isMG (17.6. 1672 – 7.12.1705) BweI mnI isMG dw pu`qr, BweI mweIdws dw poqw Aqy BweI b`lU ShId dw pVpoqw sI[ auh BweI mnI isMG dw pMjvW v`fw bytw sI[ auh BweI lKI rwey vxjwrw dw dohqw vI sI[ auh BweI mnI isMG dy aunHW pMjW byitAW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW ƒ aunHW (BweI mnI isMG) ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb ƒ Arpx kr id`qw sI[ ies kr ky ieh pMjy gurU swihb kol AnMdpur swihb hI irhw krdy sn qy gurU Gr dI syvw kirAw krdy sn[

jdoN gurU swihb ny Kwlsw prgt kIqw qW pMj ipAwirAW Aqy pMj mukiqAW qoN mgroN aus ny pihly bYc ivc pwhul leI sI qy Ajb dws qoN Ajb isMG bixAw sI[ aus ny 1700 qoN 1704 dIAW swrIAW lVweIAW ivc BrpUr ih`sw ilAw sI[ ikauNik auh hmySw AnMdpur swihb hI irhw krdw sI ies kr ky jdoN meI 1705 ivc AnMdpur swihb ƒ Gyrw ipAw qW auh gurU swihb dy nwl hI sI[ 5 qoN 6 dsMbr dI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb ƒ C`f dyx dw &slw kIqw qW 40 is`KW ny gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg rih ky iek`Ty jIx-mrx dw pRx kIqw[Ajb isMG ienHW cwlHIAW ivcoN iek sI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr dI rwq ƒ ieh kw&lw AnMdpur swihb qoN cilAw Aqy kIrqpur q`k mih&Uz inkl igAw[ ies is`K vhIr ƒ SwhI it`bI qy srsw ndI dy kMFy ’qy phwVI &OjW nwl Aqy mlkpur rMGVW ivc rMGV muslmwnW nwl lVnw ipAw[ ies mOky ’qy 250 qoN v`D is`K ShId ho gey[ bwkIAW ivcoN isr& 45 is`K Aqy do v`fy swihbzwdy hI gurU swihb dy nwl rih gey[ ienHW ivcoN Ajb isMG vI sI[ 6 dsMbr dw swrw idn kotlw inhMg ^wn dy BweI inhMg Kwn dy iklHy ivc k`tx mgroN gurU swihb qy aunHW dy swQI is`K hnyrw psrn ip`CoN cmkOr v`l c`l pey[ 7 dsMbr dI svyr qk ieh swry jxy (gurU swihb, do v`fy swihbzwdy, pMj ipAwry, pMj mukqy Aqy 35 hor is`K) cmkOr pu`j ky BweI buDI cMd rwvq dI gVHI ivc Awrwm krn l`g pey[

do idnW dy aunINdy, Bu`K qy z^mW dw iSkwr hoey ieh swry is`K Ajy Qkwvt lwh hI rhy sn ik iksy ny ^br ilAw id`qI ik ropV qoN mlyrkotlw dy nvwb dw Brw nwhr Kwn &Oj lY ky cmkOr v`l Aw irhw hY[ ies qoN pihlW ik gurU swihb Aqy aunHW dy 47 swQI auQoN inkl skdy srhMdI &OjW ny cmkOr ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ ies hwlq ivc gurU swihb ny auQy hI lVweI krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ gurU swihb ny swry is`KW ƒ gVHI dy v`K-v`K moricAW ’qy qwienwq kr id`qw[ QoVHy hI icr ivc is`KW Aqy qurk &OjW ivc h`Qo-h`Q lVweI SurU ho geI[ is`K ikauNik bhuq QoVHy sn qy qurk hzwrW sn ies kr ky QoVHy QoVHy is`K gVHI dy drvwzy ’qy AwauNdy sn qy hmlwvr &OjW dw twkrw krdy sn[Ajb isMG pihilAW bYcW ivc hI ikrpwn h`Q ivc lY ky lVn vwsqy A`gy vDy qy aunHW ny keI qurk ispwhIAW ƒ mwr ky Awp vI ShIdI jwm pIqw[

Ajb isMG ny AwpxI swrI aumr gurU swihb Aqy pMQ dy lyKy lw id`qI[ auh aunHW pMjW BrwvW ivcoN sI ijnHW ƒ gurU swihb Awpxy ‘PrzMdy-^ws’ AwiKAw krdy sn[ gurU swihb ny ies sbMD ivc ies pirvwr ƒ iek hukmnwmw vI jwrI kIqw hoieAw sI[Ajb isMG SwdI-Sudw sI, aus dy iqMn byty sn: lwl isMG, fwlU isMG qy hzwrw isMG[ ienHW ivcoN sB qoN in`ky hzwrw isMG dy A`goN cwr byty sn: nwnU isMG, jIq isMG, jY isMG qy mMnw isMG[ A`goN ienHW dI AOlwd vI clI[ ieh swry pMQ dI cVHdI klw ivc Awpxw ih`sw pwauNdy rhy. hor vyKo: mnI isMG, BweI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AjY isMG

AjY isMG (1712-9.6.1716) bMdw isMG bhwdr dI dUjI pqnI, cMby dI rwjkumwrI, suSIl kOr qoN pYdw hoieAw puqr sI[ jd dsMbr 1715 ivc bMdw isMG gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc igR&qwr hoieAw qW suSIl kOr qy AjY isMG vI aus dy nwl sn[ aunHW nUM kYd kr ky pihlW lwhOr, iPr srhMd Aqy A^Ir id`lI iljwieAw igAw sI[ 9 jUn 1716 dy idn kwkw AjY isMG nUM mihrOlI ivc bMdw isMG dy swhmxy kql kr ky aus dw klyjw k`F ky aus nUM aus dy ipqw bMdw isMG dy mUMh ivc D`kx dI koiSS kIqI geI sI[ ies mgroN bMdw isMG nUM bMd bMd k`t ky ShId kIqw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AjIq kOr

AjIq kOr dw jnm m`Kx isMG bjwj dy Gr 16 nvMbr 1934 dy idn lwhOr ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny hweI skUl dI pVHweI lwhor qoN kIqI sI Aqy 1947 qoN mgroN id`lI Aw vsI sI, ij`Qy aus ny AYm.ey. ieknwims qy bI.AYf dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI[ AjIq kOr kuJ icr p`qrkwrI vI krdI rhI hY[auh AwpxI g`l bybwk ho ky kihMdI hY qy aus dy lyK Aqy aus dIAW khwxIAW mnoivigAwn dI kmwl dI pySkwrI hn[ id`lI dI izMdgI nUMM aus ny bhuq bwrIkI qy scweI nwl pyS kIqw hY[ auh ieko iek lyKk hY ijs ny ^UnI nvMbr 1984 bwry s`co-s`c pyS krn dI jurAq kIqI sI[ aus dIAW muK ikqwbW hn: (khwxIAW): ksweIbwVw, gulbwno, mihk dI mOq, buqiSkn, &wlqU AOrq, swvIAW icVIAW, mOq AlI bwby dI, nw mwro, nvMbr 84, kwly KUh, Awpxy Awpxy jMgl; (nwvl): Du`p vwlw Sihr, postmwrtm, gOrI, k`tIAW lkIrW, tu`ty iqRkox, (svY jIvnI Aqy XwdW): Kwnw bdoS, kUVw kbwVw, qkIey dw pIr vZYrw[ aus nUM pMjwb srkwr, pMjwbI swihq AkwdmI id`lI, swihb AkwdmI vZYrw dy AYvwrf vI imly hn[ aus dI bytI Arpnw kOr iek vDIAw icqRkwr hY. (qsvIr: AjIq kOr):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AjIq isMG bYNs

jsits AjIq isMG bYNs pu`qr BweI gurb^S isMG dw jnm 14 meI 1922 dy idn mwihlpur (huiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw[ aus ny AYm.ey. AYl.AYl.bI. qk ividAw hwisl kIqI[ 1950 ivc auh Kwlsw kwlj jlMDr ivc lYkcrwr lg igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny vkwlq SurU kr leI[ 1967 ivc auh pMjwb dw ifptI AYfvokyt jnrl bixAw[ 1972 ivc auh pMjwb hweI kort bwr kONsl dw cyArmYn cuixAw igAw[ 1974 ivc aus nUM pMjwb hweI kort dw j`j lw id`qw igAw[ auh 1984 ivc irtwier hoieAw[ 1985 ivc aus nUM is`K prIznrz kmytI dw cyArmYn bxw id`qw igAw ijs ny pMjwb ivc 1978 qoN mgroN igR&qwr hoey is`KW dy kysW dI nzrswnI kIqI Aqy sYNkVy bygunwh is`KW nUM irhw krn vwsqy srkwr nUM ikhw (pr srkwr ny bhuq QoVHy bMdy hI irhw kIqy)[ ies mgroN aus nUM pMjwb ihaUmn rweIts kimSn dw cyArmYn cux ilAw igAw[ 1993 ivc aus ny jlMDr qoN lok sBw dI cox lVI[ aus nUM keI vwr JUTy kysW ivc nwjwiez qOr ’qy igR&qwr vI kIqw igAw[ 3 ApRYl 1992 dy idn qW aus nUM hQkVI lw ky vI igR&qwr kIqw igAw qy JUTy kys ivc jylH ivc su`t id`qw igAw[ aus nUM pMj mhIny mgroN 18 Agsq dy idn zmwnq ’qy irhw kIqw igAw[ keI mhIny kys c`lx mgroN auh brI hoieAw. (qsvIr: jsits AjIq isMG bYNs):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AjIq isMG KtkV klW

AjIq isMG (23.2.1881 – 15.8.1947) pu`qr Arjn isMG (Brw ikSn isMG jo Bgq isMG dw ipqw sI) izlHw jlMDr dy ipMf KtkV klW ivc pYdw hoieAw sI[ ieh pRvwr AwrIAw smwj nwl sbMDq sI[ jd AjIq isMG jvwn hoieAw qW auh Awpxy ipqw qy Brw vW| isAwsq ivc bhuq srgrm ho igAw Aqy AMgryzI hkUmq dy i^lw& vD cVH ky kMm krn lg ipAw[ 1907 ivc aus ny ikswnW dy zmInW dy h`k Aqy pwxI dw mwlIAw (AwibAwnw) vDwaux dy i^lw& j`dojihd kIqI[ aus nUM qy lwlw lwjpq rwey nUM igR&qwr kr ky mWflw (brmw) ivc jlwvqn kr id`qw igAw[ lwlw lwjpq rwey ny srkwr qoN muAw&I mMg leI qy aus nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw[ ikauN ik aus dw qy AjIq isMG dw ieko kys sI, ies kr ky aus nUM vI irhw krnw ipAw[

hux AjIq isMG qy sU&I AMbw prswd ny ‘pgVI sMBwl j`tw’ lihr SurU kIqI[ jd aus nUM pqw l`gw ik srkwr aus nUM lMmI kYd vwsqy igR&qwr krn dI iqAwrI kr rhI hy qW auh eIrwn vl inkl igAw[ au¤QoN auh trkI clw igAw qy A^Ir brwzIl ivc p`kw rihx lg ipAw[ dUjI jMg dOrwn auh jrmn igAw qy au¤Qy aus ny jrmn dI kYd ivcly is`K &OjIAW nUM qkrIrW kr ky Awzwd ihMd &Oj bxw ky mulk nUM AMgryzW qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy iqAwr kIqw[ aus ny suBwS cMdr bos dI muihMm ivc bhuq mdd kIqI[ aus dw imSn ietlI ivc sI[ jrmnI dI hwr mgroN aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ bwAd ivc aus nUM mulk prqx dI iejwzq dy id`qI geI[ hux qk aus dI ishq bhuq igr cukI sI, ies kr ky auh Aw ky flhOzI ivc rihx lg ipAw ij`Qy aus dI CyqI hI mOq ho geI. (qsvIr: AjIq isMG KtkV):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AjIq isMG lwfvw

kroVisMGIAw imsl dy rwjw gurid`q isMG dy pu`qr rwjw AjIq isMG dw ipCokV vyeIN peIN ipMf (izlHw qrnqwrn) sI[ auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw irSqydwr sI[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN auh lwfvw dw rwjw bixAw[ aus dI hkUmq ivc lwfvw qoN ielwvw Qwnysr (kurUkSyqr) dw kuJ ielwkw Aqy luiDAwxw dy nyVy b`dovwl dw ielwkw (jo aus dy ipqw nUM rxjIq isMG ny qoh&y ivc id`qw sI) vI Swiml sn[ jd is`KW dI AMgryzW nwl pihlI jMg (1845-46) hoeI qW sqluj pwr dIAW bwkI is`K irAwsqW AMgryzW dy nwl rhIAW, pr AjIq isMG lwfvw ny 8000 &Oj ly ky 21 jnvrI 1846 dy idn AMgryzW dIAW &qihgVH, Drmkot qy b`dovwl nyVy dIAW CwvxIAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ jd Agly h&qy AMgryz dobwrw &Oj lY ky Awey qW 28 jnvrI dy idn AlIvwl dI lVweI ivc ies nUM hwr hoeI[ AMgryzW ny ies nUM igR&qwr kr ky Alwhbwd ivc kYd kr id`qw[ kuJ idn mgroN ies ny Awpxy ’qy qweInwq gwrf nUM kql kr id`qw qy B`j igAw[ pr ies mgroN aus ny swrw smW kSmIr ivc gupq rih ky hI k`itAw qy au~Qy hI aus dI moq hoeI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AjIq isMG pwilq

AjIq isMG, ijs nUM pwilq dy qor ‘qy jwixAw jWdw hY, burhwnpur dw vwsI sI[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw v`fw bytw swihbzwdw AjIq isMG brhwnpur dy BweI syvw isMG dI bytI qwrw kOr nwl ivAwihAw hoieAw sI[ AjIq isMG cmkOr dI lVweI ivc 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ShId ho cukw sI[ 8 dsMbr nUM qwrw kOr ny pu`qr hTI isMG nUM jnm id`qw sI[ jd gurU goibMd isMG jI muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dy nwl s&r krdy meI 1708 ivc burhwnpur pu`jy qW mwqw suMdr kor ny pu`iCAw ik swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dI pqnI bIbI qwrw kOr dw hux kI hovygw[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny ies nOjvwn nwl bIbI dI SwdI kr id`qI qy ies dw nW vI AjIq isMG r`K id`qw[ jd gurU goibMd isMG ShId ho gey qW aus qoN 24 idn mgroN 30 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ny ies nUM mwqmI iK`lq Byt kIqI[ jd 1709-10 ivc bMdw isMG bhwdr ny pMjwb ivc is`K rwj kwiem kr ilAw qW bwdSwh nUM pqw l`gw ik ieh id`lI ivc hY qW aus ny ies nUM PV ky ilAwaux vwsqy ikhw[ ies nUM 26 sqMbr 1710 dy idn drbwr ivc pyS kIqw igAw[ ies ny AwpxI jwn b^SI dy bdly ivc bwdSwh dw v&wdwr rihx dw pRx kIqw[ pihlW qW ies nUM kwr qlb ^wn qy iPr srbrwh ^wn dI ingrwnI ivc Byj id`qw igAw[ jd ies ny Awpxw ieqbwr kwiem kr ilAw qW 30 dsMbr 1711 dy idn ies nUM drbwr swihb (AMimRqsr) dw kbzw vI dy id`qw igAw[ bhwdr Swh dI mOq (28 &rvrI 1712) mgroN ieh vI id`lI prq igAw qy muZlW dw v&wdwr bx ky SihzwidAW vW| rihx lg ipAw[ iek vwr qW ies ny mwqw suMdr kOr nUM kql kr dyx dI DmkI vI dy id`qI[ies qy mwqw ny ies qoN nwqw qoNV ilAw[ iek idn ies ny, DONs ivc Aw ky, nmwz pVHdy lokW dw mzwk aufwieAw[ ies ’qy bwdSwh ny &Oj nUM ies nUM drbwr ivc pyS krn dw hukm id`qw[ ies ny Awpxy vwl k`t ley qy muAw&I mMgI[ ies mgroN mwqw suMdr kOr qy qwrw kOr bytw hTI isMG nUM lY ky id`lI C`f ky mQrw cly gey[ ies dy bwvjUd pwilq AjIq isMG dIAW krqUqW ivc koeI &rk nw ipAw[

17 jnvrI 1725 dy idn AjIq isMG dI iek muslmwn &kIr nwl JVp mgroN Acwnk aus dI mOq ho geI[ ies ’qy hwkmW ny ies nUM Dwrimk mslw bxw ky AjIq isMG qy 60 hor is`K igR&qwr kr ley[ AjIq isMG dy h`Q pYr bMnH ky, aus nUM iek hwQI dy ip`Cy glIAW bwzwrW ivc GsIitAw igAw[ ies nwl auh bhuq drdnwk mOqy mirAw[ ies dy nwl hI bwkI 60 is`KW nUM vI kql kr id`qw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AjIq isMG pitAwlw

pitAwlw dy rwjw swihb isMG dw rwxI AnMd kOr qoN ieh pu`qr 1 Agsq 1809 nUM pYdw hoieAw sI[ ieh rwjw krm isMG qoN Cotw sI[ swihb isMG dI mOq mgroN 26 mwrc 1813 dy idn krm isMG rwjw bixAw[ 1835 ivc AjIq isMG ny g`dI ’qy h`k ijqwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ aus ny kuJ mujirm iksm dy lok vI Awpxy nwl r`K ley[ krm isMG ny aus nUM smJwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr aultw auh AwpxI mW nwl pitAwlw C`f ky id`lI clw igAw qy AMgryzW qoN A`Dw rwj lYx vwsqy mdd mMgI, pr AMgryzW ny nWh kr id`qI[ hux qk auh bhuq krzweI ho cukw sI[ A^Ir krm isMG ny qrs kridAW aus nUM pitAwly bulw ilAw, aus dy krzy Awpxy koloN Adw kr id`qy, aus dw ivAwh kr id`qw qy nwl hI 50 hzwr rupY swlwnw dI jwgIr vI dy id`qI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AjIq isMG swihbzwdw

swihbzwdw AjIq isμG gurU goibμd isμG jI dw spu`qr, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw poqw qy gurU hirgoibμd swihb dw pVpoqw sI[ aus dw jnm 26 jnvrI 1687 dy idn pwauNtw swihb ivKy hoieAw sI[ swihbzwdw AjIq isμG cusq qy isAwxw nOjvwn sI[ Coty huμidAW hI aus ny gurbwxI dw bhuq muqwlAw kIqw hoieAw sI[ ijauN hI aus ny jvwnI dI dihlIj ivc pYr r`iKAw, aus ny kuSqI, GoV-svwrI, qlvwrbwzI is`K leI qy bμdUk vI clwauxI SurU kr id`qI[ ies kr ky CotI aumr ivc hI auh Ssqr clwaux ivc bVw inpuμn ho igAw sI[

12 swl dI aumr ivc auh, 23 meI 1699 dy idn, iek sO isμGW dw jQw lY ky nUh ipμf igAw sI ij`Qy aus ny auQoN dy rμGVW ƒ (ijnHW ny poTohwr dI sμgq ƒ Anμdpur AwauNidAW lu`t ilAw sI) ƒ szw id`qI[ 29 Agsq 1700 dy idn jdoN phwVI rwijAW ny qwrwgVH iklHy ’qy hmlw kIqw qW aus ny aunHW dw mukwblw bVI bhwdrI nwl kIqw[ AkqUbr dy pihly h&qy jdoN phwVI &OjW ny inrmohgVH ’qy hmlw kIqw qW aus ny sB qoN mUhry ho ky lVweI lVI Aqy bhuq swry phwVI &OjIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw[ iesy qrHW 15 mwrc 1700 dy idn auh is`KW dw iek jQw lY ky bjrOV ipμf igAw[ kuJ idn pihlW bjrOV ipμf dy gujrW Aqy rμGVW ny dVp ielwky dI sμgq ƒ lu`t ilAw sI[ swihbzwdw AjIq isμG ny aunHW lutyirAW ƒ s^q szw id`qI[ iPr 7 mwrc 1703 dy idn auh BweI audY isμG dy nwl iek sO isμGW dw jQw lY ky ipμf b`sI klW igAw Aqy auQoN dy hwkm koloN dvwrkw dws bRwhmx dI pqnI ƒ Cufw ky ilAWdw[

B`t vhI pUrbI d`KxI muqwibk aunHW idnW (1704 dsMbr dy A^Ir) ivc burhwnpur dw BweI jyTw isMG, aunHW dI isMGxI bIbI lCmI kOr qy bytI qwrw kOr AnMdpur swihb ivc Awey hoey sn[ qwrw kOr ny iek idn dirAw ’qy swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ƒ vyiKAw Aqy aus nUM idloN cwhux lg peI[ aus dy mwipAW ny aus dI hwlq vyK ky gurU swihb nwl g`l kIqI[ gurU swihb ny swihbzwdy nwl g`l kIqI qW aus ny ieh ivAwh krnw mnzUr kr ilAw[ ieh ivAwh 15 jnvrI 1705 ƒ hoieAw[

ies sbMDI ieh B`t vhI ieM\ ibAwn krdI hY: “AjIq isMG bytw gurU goibMd isMG mhl dsmyN kw, poqw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI kw, pVpoqw gurU hirgoibMd jI kw…bMs gurU Arjn jI kI, sUrjbMsI gosl goqrw, soFI KqrI, bwsI AnMdpur prgnw kihlUr, kw ivvwh, qwrw bweI bytI jyTw isMG sy, swl sqrW sY iekwht mwG sudI eykm ky idvs, iklw AnMdgF myN hUAw[ gurU kI kVwhI kI…[” (B`t vhI pUrbI d`KxI)

iesy B`t vhI ivc swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dy Gr, 9 idsMbr 1705 dy idn, Awgrw Sihr ivc, iek bytw hox dw izkr vI imldw hY[ ies byty dw nW hTI isMG r`iKAw igAw sI. hor vyKo: hTI isMG.

swihbzwdw AjIq isμG ny AwpxI aumr dw bhuqw ih`sw Anμdpur swihb ivc hI guzwirAw[ auh hmySw Awpxy ipqw gurU jI dy nwl irhw[ meI 1705 ivc jd AnMdpur swihb nUM Gyrw ipAw qW auh vI au~Qy hI sI[ aus dI mwqw qy pqnI ies Gyry qoN krIb iek mhInw pihlW auQoN jw cu`kIAW sn[ 5 Aqy 6 dsμbr 1705 dI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU swihb ny Anμdpur swihb C`fx dw &Yslw kIqw qW swihbzwdw AjIq isμG aunHW dy nwl hI sI[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ iek v`Kry jQy dw muKI bxw ky AnμdgVH iklHy qoN qoirAw sI[ ieh jQw sB qoN ip`Cy Aw irhw sI[ ies jQy ny srsw ndI pwr kr ky ropV v`l jwxw sI[ ropV jWidAW rwh ivc mlkpur ipμf kol aunHW ƒ BweI bicqr isμG, jo bhuq z^mI hoieAw ipAw sI, imilAw[ aus ny aus ƒ swQIAW dI mdd nwl cu`ikAw Aqy auQoN 6 iklomItr dUr ipμf kotlw inhμg lY gey[ jdoN gurU swihb kotlw inhμg qoN c`l ky 7 dsμbr svyr vyly cmkOr pu`jy qW AjIq isMG vI aunHW dy nwl hI sn[ aus idn dupihr qoN mgroN muZl &OjW ny cmkOr dI gVHI ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ aus smyN is`K BwvyN igxqI ivc bhuq QoVHy sn pr aunHW ny muZl &OjW dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw[ swihbzwdw AjIq isμG ny gVHI ivcoN inkl ky duSmxW nwl Awhmo-swhmxI lVweI ivc bhuq swry muZl ispwhI mwr id`qy Aqy A^Ir Awp vI ShId ho igAw.

(swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dI iek purwqn qsvIr, gurduAwrw bwbw Atl qoN):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw

AjIq isMG (mOq 16.9.1843) pu`qr bswvw isMG mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw ccyrw Brw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjiq isMG ny aus nUM bhuq shUlqW id`qIAW hoeIAW sn[ pr auh fogirAW dI vD rhI qwkq qoN AOKw sI qy Awp qwkq hwisl krnI cwhuMdw sI[ rxjIq isMG dI mOq mgroN KVg isMG rwjw bixAw[ fogirAW ny swzS kr ky aus nUM htvw ky aus dy pu`qr nOinhwl isMG nUM rwjw bxvw id`qw, pr jd auh vI aunHW dy h`Qy nw ciVHAw qW aus nUM vI mrvw id`qw[ ies mgroN KVg isMG dI ivDvw rwxI bxI[ fogirAW ny Syr isMG qoN hmlw krvw ky aus nUM rwjw bxn ivc mdd kIqI[ 18 jnvrI 1841 dy idn Syr isMG mhwrwjw bixAw Aqy 20 qwrI^ ƒ lwhOr dy q^q ’qy bYT igAw[

ikauN ik iDAwn isMh fogrw ny Syr isMG dI sB qoN vD mdd kIqI sI, ies kr ky ausy ny hI pRweIm minstr bxnw sI[ aus ny hOlI-hOlI Pyr swrI qwkq Awpxy h`Q iv`c lYxI SurU kr idqI[ aus dy rwh ivc Ajy rwxI cMd kOr dw kMfw bwkI sI[ iDAwn isMh fogrw ny golIAW h`QoN 11 jUn 1842 dI rwq ƒ cMd kOr ƒ aus dy isr ’qy c`kI dy puV mwr-mwr ky, aus dw isr Pyh ky, mrvw idqw[ iDAwn isMh ny pihlW rwjw nOinhwl isMG dI vhutI dw b`cw vI pyt ivc igrvw idqw sI qW jo iek hor vwirs pYdw nw ho sky[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny lihxw isMG qy kyhr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ky jylH pw idqw[

ies swry swzSI mwhOl ivc AMgryz dohrw-rol Adw kr rhy sn[ aunHW dI fogirAW nwl vI BweIvwlI sI Aqy auh sMDWvwlIAW nwl rl ky vI swizSW GV rhy sn[ jdoN rwjw Syr isMG g`dI ’qy bYTw qW Aqr isMG qy AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw sqluj pwr kr ky AMgryzI ielwky ivc cly gey sn[ kuJ icr mgroN AMgryzW ny Awpxy eyjMt imstr klwrk rwhI ienHW dohW ƒ Syr isMG qoN mAw&I idvw ky vwips lwhOr jwx dI iejwzq lY id`qI qy ienHW ƒ jwgIrW vI vwips idvw idqIAW[ ies dy nwl hI lihxw isMG qy kyhr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ƒ vI irhw kr id`qw igAw[ ienHW cOhW sMDWvwlIAW ny vwips Aw ky kuJ mhIny qW v&wdwrI Aqy Srw&q vwly mwhOl ivc ibqwey pr iPr AMgrzW nwl slwhW kr ky dobwrw swizSW SurU kr idqIAW[ auDr iDAwn isMh vI AMdroN-AMdrIN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qoN Kwr Kwx lg ipAw sI ikauN ik mhwrwjy ny iDAwn isMh fogry ƒ Awpxy ’qy hwvI nhIN sI hox id`qw, jd ik iDAwn isMh pihlW rxjIq isMG qy iPr nOinhwl isMG vyly mukMml qwkq ƒ Awpxy h`Q ivc r`iKAw krdw sI[ ies dOrwn sMDwvwlIAW Aqy iDAwn isMh ivc hkUmq ’qy kbzw kr ky ies nUM Awps ivc vMf lYx bwry iek Ax-AYlwinAw smJOqw vI ho igAw sI[ ieh vI crcw sI sMDwvwlIAW ny iek JUTw hukm iqAwr krvw ilAw sI ijs muqwibk mhwrwjw Syr isMG ny iDAwn isMh fogry ƒ ^qm krn dy hukm jwrI kIqy hoey sn[ AwpxI mOq ƒ swhmxy vyK ky hI iDAwn isMh ny sMDwvwlIAW nwl nyVqw kwiem kr leI sI[

Syr isMG dI hkUmq dy SurU dy idnW ivc &Oj ny vI Awp hudrIAW kwrvweIAW krnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ aunHW ny keIAW nUM mOq dy Gwt vI auqwr id`qw[ ienHW ivc iek AMgryz &waulky qy mIAW isMG sUbydwr vI Swiml sn[ jnrl kUrt qy jnrl AvIqwbl vI bVI muSikl nwl bc sky sn[ &Oj ny bhuq lu`t-mwr vI kIqI sI[ AMimRqsr dy Swh, srw& qy bYNkr AMgryzI ielwky v`l dOVn vwsqy iqAwr hoo gey[ ies mwhOl ivc AMgryzW ny Syr isMG nUM vI Brmwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ jnrl klwrk ny aus nUM &OjI mdd dw vwAdw kIqw sI pr Syr isMG ny nWh kr id`qI[

15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn mOkw qwV ky AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny mhwrwjw Syr isMG ƒ golI mwr ky mwr idqw qy aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ dUjy pwsy lihxw isMG sMDwvwlIAW ny roNdy-kurlWdy 12 swl dy b`cy pRqwb isMG (puqr mhwrwjw Syr isMG) ƒ vI kql kr id`qw[ kuJ mgroN dovyN sMDwvwlIey iDAwn isMh kol hzUrI bwg gey qy glbwq krn dy bhwny aus ƒ iklyH ivc iljw ky kql kr id`qw[ hux aunHW ny Awpxy swQIAW ƒ iklyH dI kmWf sONp id`qI Aqy drvwzy bMd krvw id`qy[ sMDwvwlIey hIrw isMh qy sucyq isMh fogrw ƒ vI kql krnw cwhMudy sn pr auh dovyN ienHW dy h`Q nw lgy[ auDr jd hIrw isMh ƒ Awpxy bwp dy kql dI ^br imlI qW auh rox-kurlwaux lg ipAw[ aus dy vzIr pMfq jlHw ny aus ƒ slwh idqI ik auh &Oj ƒ Awpxy nwl rlw ley[ ies ’qy hIrw isMh &Oj lY ky lwhOr ƒ cl ipAw[ aus ny bu`DU dy Awvy kol jw fyry lw ley[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny iek dm &OjIAW dIAW qn^whW vDw ky aunHW ƒ Awpxy ihmwieqI bxw ilAw[ hIrw isMh ny sMDwvwlIAW ƒ AMgryzW dy eyjMt AwK ky &Oj ƒ BVkw vI idqw[ ies &Oj ny lwhOr iklHy ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ fyF idn dI lVweI mgroN iklHw ijiqAw igAw[ ies lVweI ivc iek hzwr dy krIb bMdy dohW pwisAW qoN mwry gey[ lihxw isMG ƒ ies lVweI ivc golI lgI qy auh QweyN hI mwirAw igAw[ AjIq isMG ny sMgl nwl iklyH dI kMD qoN auqrn dI koiSS kIqI[ iksy ispwhI ny aus nUM pCwx ilAw qy PV ky aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ AjIq isMG dy nwl hI lihxw isMG dw isr vI v`F ky iklHy dy drvwzy ’qy ltkw idqw igAw[ ienW dy swQIAW gurmuK isMG igAwnI (pu`qr sMq isMG igAwnI), bylI rwm qoSwKwnIAw qy rwm ikSn ƒ vI PV ky bydrdI nwl kql kr id`qw igAw[ aunHW dIAW lwSW vI gMdgI ivc su`t ky zmIn ivc dbw idqIAW geIAW.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Aij`qw rMDwvw

dirAw rwvI dy K`by kMfy ’qy vsy ipMf p`Koky (hux p`Koky rMDwvw, izlHw gurdwspur, gurdwspur qoN 36, AMimRqsr qoN 48 iklomItr dUr), jo fyrw bwbw nwnk ipMf dy nwl lgvW hY, dw cODrI Aij`qw rMDwvw (pu`qr ih`qw rMDwvw) gurU nwnk swihb dw is`K sI[ jnmswKIAW ivc gurUU jI nwl aus dI crcw ivsqwr nwl ibAwn kIqI hoeI hY[ gurU jI aus nUM pihloN audoN imly sn jd aunHW ny 1922 ivc AwpxIAW audwsIAW ^qm kIqIAW sn qy Awpxy prvwr nUM imlx Awey sn[ aunHW dI pqnI qy dovyN pu`qr, Awpxy nwnikAW kol ies ipMf ivc rihMdy sn[ Aij`qw rMDwvw dw KUh A`j vI mOjUd hY; ieh fyrw bwb nwnk ivc gurduAwrw drbwr swihb kMplYks ivc ivc srjI swihb dy nW hyT sMBwilAw hoieAw hY[ ieh jgh pihlW ipMf p`Koky rMDwvw dw ih`sw sI Aqy Aij`qw rMDwvw dI mlkIAq sI. (qsvIr: Aij`qw rMDwvw dy KUh vwlI QW):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Ajmyr cMd

iblwspur irAwsq dw ieh rwjw rwjw BIm cMd dw pu`qr qy mwqw rwxI cMpw dw poqrw sI[iblwspur (pihloN kihlUr) cMdyl rwjpUqW dI irAwsq 7vIN sdI qoN clI Aw rhI sI[1619 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny ie`QoN dy rwjy kilAwx cMd qy aus dy pu`qr qwrw cMd nUM gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivcoN irhw krvwieAw sI[ audoN qoN hI is`K pMQ dI SrDwlU sI[ pr 1691 ivc rwxI cMpw Aqy 1692 ivc BIm cMd (p`qr rwjw dIp cMd, poqw rwjw qwrw cMd qy pVpoqw rwjw kilAwx cMd) dI mOq mgroN jd Ajmyr cMd rwjw bixAw qW auh Awpxy bRwhmx vzIr pMmy dI cuk ivc Aw ky is`KW dw duSmx bx igAw[ 1695 ivc aus ny lwhor dy sUbydwr rwhIN AnMdpur swihb ‘qy pihlw hmlw krvwieAw[ 29 Agsq 1700 dy idn aus ny ^ud &Oj lY ky AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw kIqw jo cwr idn c`ilAw[ AkqUbr 1700 ivc iPr aus ny is`KW ’qy inrmohgVH ivc hmlw kIqw[ 1703 qoN 1705 ivckwr aus ny Pyr keI hmly kIqy A^Ir 5-6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq nUM gurU jI ny AnMdpur swihb C`f id`qw[ 28 dsMbr 1711 dy idn bMdw isMG bhwdr ny ies dI irAwsq ’qy hmlw kIqw qW ies ny hwr Kw ky is`KW dI ZulwmI kbUl kr leI[ ies dI mOq 1741 ivc hoeI[

iblwspur Sihr AnMdpur qoN 107, kIrqpur qoN 93, cMfIgVH qoN 169 qy iSmlw qoN 118 iklomItr dUr hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Ajwieb isMG

BweI Ajwieb isMG (10.1.1677 – 7.12.1705) BweI mnI isMG dw bytw, BweI mweIdws dw poqw, ShId BweI b`lU dw pVpoqw Aqy BweI l`KI rwey Xwdv vxjwrw dw dohqw sI[ aus ƒ aus dy cwr hor BrwvW (bic`qr isMG, audY isMG, Ank isMG qy Ajb isMG) dy nwl BweI mnI isMG ny gurU swihb ƒ Arpn kIqw hoieAw sI[ ieh pMjy Brw gurU swihb dy kol AnMdpur swihb hI irhw krdy sn[ auh swry gurU swihb dI &Oj dy sB qoN dlyr qy jW-bwz ispwhIAW ivcoN mohrI sn[jdoN gurU swihb ny Kwlsw prgt kr ky KMfy dI pwhul dyxI SurU kIqI qW pMj ipAwirAW Aqy pMj mukiqAW qy mgroN aus ny pihly bYc ivc pwhul leI sI Aqy Ajwieb cMd qoN Ajwieb isMG bixAw sI[

aus ny 1700 qoN 1704 dIAW swrIAW lVweIAW ivc BrpUr ih`sw ilAw sI[ ikauNik auh hmySw AnMdpur swihb hI irhw krwy sI ies kr ky jdoN meI 1705 ivc AnMdpur swihb ƒ Gyrw ipAw qW auh gurU swihb dy nwl hI sI[ 5 qoN 6 dsMbr dI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb ƒ C`f dyx dw &slw kIqw qW 40 is`KW ny gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg rih ky iek`Ty jIx-mrx dw pRx kIqw[Ajwieb isMG ienHW cwlHIAW ivcoN iek sI[ 7 dsMbr dI svyr qk ieh swry jxy (gurU swihb, do v`fy swihbzwdy, pMj ipAwry, pMj mukqy Aqy 35 hor is`K) cmkOr pu`j ky BweI buDI cMd rwvq dI gVHI ivc Awrwm krn l`g pey[

do idnW dy aunINdy, Bu`K qy z^mW dw iSkwr hoey ieh swry is`K Ajy Qkwvt lwh hI rhy sn ik iksy ny ^br ilAw id`qI ik ropV qoN mlyrkotlw dy nvwb dw Brw nwhr Kwn &Oj lY ky cmkOr v`l Aw irhw hY[ ies qoN pihlW ik gurU swihb Aqy aunHW dy 47 swQI auQoN inkl skdy srhMdI &OjW ny cmkOr ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ ies hwlq ivc gurU swihb ny auQy hI lVweI krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ gurU swihb ny swry is`KW ƒ gVHI dy v`K-v`K moricAW ’qy qwienwq kr id`qw[ QoVHy hI icr ivc is`KW Aqy qurk &OjW ivc h`Qo-h`Q lVweI SurU ho geI[ is`K ikauNik bhuq QoVHy sn qy qurk hzwrW sn ies kr ky QoVHy QoVHy is`K gVHI dy drvwzy ’qy AwauNdy sn qy hmlwvr &OjW dw twkrw krdy sn[

Ajwieb isMG aunHW isMGW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW ny sB qoN pihlW gVHI qoN bwhr Aw ky lVweI kIqI[ aus ny bhuq swry hmlwvr ispwhI mwrn mgroN Awp vI ShIdI jwm pI ilAw[ aus dw ijsm bwkI isMGW vWg hI, z^mW nwl BirAw ipAw sI[Ajwieb isMG ny ikauNik AwpxI izMdgI gurU swihb ƒ Arpx kIqI hoeI sI, ies kr ky gurU jI dI aus ’qy ^ws imhr sI [ gurU jI aus ƒ Awpxy ‘&rzMdy-^ws’ AwK ky bulwauNdy sn qy aunHW ny ies sbMDI ies pirvwr ƒ iek hukmnwmw vI id`qw hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Albyl isMG bMgySrI

BweI Albyl isMG ny 9 jUn 1716 dy idn ShIdI pweI sI[ auh BweI bwz isMG dw bytw, BweI nTIAw dw poqw Aqy BweI mweI dws dy pVpoqw sI[ bwz isMG dy cwr byitAW ivcoN auh cOQy QW ’qy sI[ srhMd dI ij`q mgroN bwz isMG srhMd dw sUbydwr bxwieAw igAw sI[Albyl isMG 1710 dy dUjy A`D ivc Awpxy ielwky (bMgS dyS) qoN srhMd Aw igAw sI Aqy Awpxy ipqw dy nwl sUby dy inzwm ivc h`Q vMfwauNdw rihMdw sI[

nvMbr 1710 ivc bwbw bMdw isMG ƒ iek vwr Pyr pMjwb C`f ky phwVW v`l inklxw ipAw[ ies mOky ’qy vI bwz isMG Aqy aus dy pirvwr ny bwbw bMdw isMG dw swQ nw C`ifAw[ auh swry bMdw isMG dy nwl hr morcy ivc fty rhy[ 7 dsMbr 1715 dy idn jdoN bMdw isMG ƒ gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivcoN igR&qwr kIqw igAw qW Albyl isMG vI aunHW dy nwl hI sI[ ienHW swirAW ƒ id`lI iljw ky “ieslwm Aqy mOq” ivcoN iek cuxn dI pySkS kIqI geI[ bwkI swry is`KW vWg Albyl isMG ny vI Drm C`f ky jwn ipAwrI nw kIqI[ Albyl isMG ShIdI vyly ivAwihAw hoieAw sI[ aus dy do byty sn : moqI isMG qy joqI isMG.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Albyl isMG prmwr

BweI Albyl isMG ny 22 jUn 1713 dy idn sFOrw ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[Albyl isMG audY isMG dw bytw, BweI mnI isMG dw poqw qy BweI mweI dws dw pVpoqw sI[ auh audY isMG dy s`qW byitAW ivcoN cOQy QW ’qy sI[ aus dw jnm ipMf AlIpur (izlHw muz`&rgVH, mulqwn sUbw) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw bcpn ipMf hI bIiqAw Aqy jdoN zrw ku v`fw hoieAw qW AnMdpur swihb Awpxy ipqw BweI audY isMG ƒ imlx vwsqy igAw[ audY isMG ny Awpxy byty ƒ GoVsvwrI Aqy hiQAwr clwaux dI isKlweI id`qI[ aus ny in`kI aumr ivc hI iek cMgy &OjI ijMnI mhwrq hwisl kr leI[ ies mgroN Awp ipMf vwips Aw igAw[

meI 1705 ivc AnMdpur swihb ƒ Gyrw pY igAw Aqy dsMbr ivc gurU swihb qy is`KW ƒ ngr C`fxw pY igAw[ ies ihjrq dOrwn aus dw ipqw audY isMG 6 dsMbr 1705 dI svyr vyly, srsw ndI dy nyVy, SwhI it`bI dI lVweI ivc ShId ho igAw sI[ ies qoN pOxy iqMn swl mgroN gurU goibMd isMG swihb vI 6 AkqUbr 1708 dI rwq nUM ShId ho gey sn[

ShIdI qoN pihlW gurU swihb ny bwbw bMdw isMG ƒ Kwlsw &Oj dI kmwn dy ky is`K homlYNf ƒ Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy tor id`qw sI[ bMdw isMG ny pMjwb ivc Aw ky isMGW ƒ iek`iTAW kIqw Aqy iek qkVI &Oj bxw leI[bMdw isMG dI pihlI ij`q smwxw ngr dI sI[ ies mgroN aus ny srhMd vI ij`q leI[ kuJ mhIinAw ivc hI pMjwb dw bhuqw ih`sw Awzwd ho cu`ikAw sI[ jdoN ies dI ^br muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ƒ imlI qW auh iek v`fI &Oj lY ky pMjwb v`l c`l ipAw[ aus ny fyF mhIny ivc hI bhuq swry ielwky dobwrw Koh ley[

ies hwlq ivc bMdw isMG qy aus dy swQI phwVW v`l inkl gey[ pr vwihgurU dI krxI, bhwdr Swh &rvrI 1712 ivc mr igAw[ hux bMdw isMG Pyr pMjwb prq AwieAw qy dobwrw ielwky m`lxy SurU kr id`qy[ ies muihMm dOrwn aus ny 22 jUn 1713 dy idn sFOrw ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ ies muihMm ’c Albyl isMG vI aunHW dy nwl sn[ Albyl isMG Awpxy ipqw vWg dlyr qy bhwdr sI[ aus ny sB qoN mUhry ho ky lVweI lVI[ Albyl isMG ny AwpxI qlvwr dI ipAws bhuq swry muZlW ƒ mwr ky buJweI[ iek lMmw smW lV ky, AwhU lwhux mgroN, Albyl isMG ^ud vI ShIdI jwm pI igAw[ ies lVweI ivc aus dw in`kw Brw mohr isMG vI ShId hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Al& ^wn

Al& ^wn muZl &Oj dw iek v`fw jrnYl sI[ mwrc 1691 ivc jMmU dy sUbydwr mIAW ^wn ny aus dI AgvweI ivc &Oj dy ky aus nUM phwVI rwijAW qoN Krwj vsUl krn vwsqy ByijAw[ jd auh kWgVw pu`jw qW au¤QoN dy rwjy ikRpwl cMd ktoc ny cupcwp Krwj Adw kr id`qw[ aus mgroN Aqy ibjVvwl dy rwjw idAwl ny vI Al& ^wn dw hukm mMn ilAw[ ies mgroN auh (kWgVw qoN 32 iklomItr dUr) ndOx irAwsq vl viDAw qW auQoN dy rwjy ny kihlUr irAwsq (iblwspur) dy rwjw BIm cMd rwhIN gurU swihb ƒ ^q ByijAw qy muZlW dy hmly dy i^lw& mdd mMgI[ gurU swihb ny dIvwn nMd cMd, Drm cMd (isMG) iCbr, BweI mnI rwm (isMG), BweI Awlm cMd (isMG) ‘n`cxw’ Aqy hor jrnYlW dI AgvweI ivc &Oj ƒ ndOx v`l kUc krn dw hukm id`qw[ AnMdgVH qoN cl ky is`K &OjW dw j`Qw ndOx jw pu`jw[ 20 mwrc 1691 dy idn bVI zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ Al& ^wn dI &Oj dy sB qoN qwkqvr j`Qy dy i^lw&, is`K jrnYl f`t ky lVy[ dohW pwisAW qoN bhwdrW ny ^Ub jOhr idKwey[ Drm cMd (mgroN BweI Drm isMG), mnI rwm (mgroN BweI mnI isMG), mUl cMd kMboj, sohn cMd prmwr (Brw BweI mnI isMG) vrgy is`K jrnYlW dy qIrW dI vwCV ny Al& ^wn dI &Oj dy hOsly Fwh id`qy[ sUrj Cup jwx mgroN Al& ^wn dI &Oj hiQAwr qy Aslw C`f ky, ip`Cy v`l B`jxI SurU ho geI[ phwVI &OjW ny Al& ^wn dI B`jI jWdI &Oj dw dUr qk ip`Cw kIqw[ ndOx dI lVweI ivc BweI sohn cMd (Brw mnI isMG), BweI mUl cMd (pu`qr BweI rGupiq rwie in`Jr) Aqy hor is`K ShId hoey[ ies sbMDI B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ivc iek ieMdrwj ieM\ imldw hY :“sohn cMd bytw mweIdws kw poqw b`lU kw pVpoqw mUly kw, puAwr, swl sqrW sY sYNqwlIs, cyq pRivSty bweIs, gurUvwr ky idhuM, gurU kw bcn pwie ndaun ky mlhwn, swmy mwQy jUJ kr mrw [ gYl mUlcMd bytw rGupiq rwie kw, in`Jr goqr kMboj, bwsI Kymkrn, prgnw ksUr, jUJ kr mrw [“ (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw puAwr blauNqo kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

A`lw Xwr jogI

hkIm imrzw A`lHw Xwr ^wn rihmwnI AnwrklI (lwhOr) dw rihx vwlw sI[ aus ny do ikqwbW ilKIAW ijnHW ny aus nUM is`K jgq ivc Amr kr id`qw[ aus dI pihlI ikqwb ‘ShIdwn-ie-v&w’ guru goibMd isMG jI dy in`ky swihbzwidAW (zorwvwr isMG qy &qh isMG) dI ShIdI (nIhW ivc icxy jwx) bwry hY[ ieh pihlI vwrI 1913 ivc CpI sI[ aus dI dUjI ikqwb ‘gMj-ie-ShIdW’ v`fy swihbzwidAW dI (cmkOr dI jMg ivc) ShIdI bwry hY, jo 1915 ivc CpI sI[ aus ny ienHW kivqwvW ivc gurU jI Aqy swihbzwidAW nUM bwkmwl AkIdq pyS kIqI hY[

auh iek p`kw SreI qy muZl ^wndwn dw muslmwn sI, pr, aus dIAW ienHW ilKqW qoN iKJ ky muq`sbI mOlvIAW ny aus nUM kwi&r krwr dy ky, msIq ivc aus dw dw^lw bMd kr id`qw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

A`lw Xwr

A`lw Xwr kwbl (A&Zwinsqwn) dw iek pTwx sI[ auh GoiVAW dw vpwrI sI Aqy Awm qor ’qy id`lI irhw krdw sI[ iek vwr auh kwbl qoN 500 GoVy lY ky vycx vwsqy inkilAw Aqy rsqy ivc ibAws dirAw ivc hVH AwieAw hox kr ky auh dirAw dy p`qx ’qy goieMdvwl ruk igAw[ iek swKI muqwibk aus ny GoVy ’qy svwr hoey iek is`K nUM dirAw pwr krdw qy iPr Swm nUM ausy qrHW GoVy ’qy hI vwips AwauNdw vyiKAw[ aus ny aus dy hOsly dI dwd id`qI Aqy aus nUM rok ky pu`iCAw ik aus ny eynw ^qrw kwhdy vwsqy shyvAw[ aus is`K (jo f`lw ipMf dw BweI pwro prm hMs sI) ny jvwb id`qw ik mYN Awpxy gurU dy drSn krn igAw sI, ies kr ky mYnUM koeI fr nhIN sI ligAw[ AlHw Xwr ny aus nUM Awrz kIqI ik auh aus nUM vI gurU dy drSn krvw dyvy[ Agly idn BweI pwro AlHw Xwr nUM gurU jI kol lY igAw[ gurU jI dy bcn sux ky A`lHw Xwr bhuq pRBwvq hoieAw Aqy aus ny gurU jI qoN is`KI dw dwn mMigAw[ auh hux is`KI dw pRcwrk bx igAw qy nwl hI BweI pwro dw dosq vI[ aus ny AwpxI aumr dw Aw^rI ih`sw ipMf f`lw ivc ibqwieAw ij`Qy aus dI qy BweI pwro dI Xwdgwr bxI hoeI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AYlwrf

(Jean-Fracois Allard) XW-&rYNkoeI AYlrf (1785-1839) nYpolIAn fI bUnwpwrt (15.8.1769 – 5.5.1821) dI &Oj dw iek Aihm jrnYl sI; aus dw Ahudw kYptn dw sI[ auh bhuq bhwdr qy jWbwz jrnYl mMinAw jWdw qy jMg ivc do vwr z^mI vI hoieAw sI[ nYpolIAn ny aus nUM ‘iljIAn f’Awnr’ dw i^qwb id`qw hoieAw sI[ vwtrlU (bYljIAm) ivc (18 jUn 1815) nYpolIAn dI hwr mgroN auh prSIAw (eIrwn) clw igAw ij`Qy aus nUM &Oj ivc krnl dw Ahudw dyx dw vwAdw kIqw igAw[ pr, jd aus nUM au¤Qy Asl mwx nw imilAw qW 1820 ivc auh pMjwb nUM cl ipAw qy 1822 ivc auh rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM &Oj nUM kvwied isKwaux vwsqy BrqI kr ilAw[ CyqI hI auh nUM jnrl dw Ahudw dy id`qw igAw[ 1834 ivc auh Cu`tI lY ky &rWs igAw qy trOipz ivc aus ny Awpxw Gr bxwieAw, pr vwips Aw igAw qy rxjIq isMG dI syvw ivc iPr hwizr ho igAw[ aus dI mOq 1839 ivc hoeI sI[[ AYlwrf dy nwl hI iek hor XUrpIn jrnYl, ietlI dw ‘XW bYpits vYNqUrw’ vI rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc iek sInIAr jrnYl sI[ ies qoN ielwvw iek hor &rWsIsI jrnYl pwElo fI Awivqwbl vI 1826 ivc rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ rxjIq isMG ny ienHW koloN ieh pRx p`qr ilKvwieAw hoieAw sI: 1. jd ikqy XUrp dI iksy qwkq nwl is`KW dI jMg hoeI qW auh is`K rwj dy v&wdwr rihxgy 2. XUrp dI iksy hkUmq nwl kdy vI is`Dw ic`TI p`qr nhIN krngy 3. dwVHI nhIN muMnvwauxgy 4. gW dw mWs* nhIN Kwxgy 5. qmwkU nhIN pIxgy[ {*rxjIq isMG dI hkUmq ivc ihMdU drbwrIAW (bRwhmxW qy fogirAW) dw bol bwlw sI, ies kr ky aunHW ny ieh Srq rKvweI sI, vrnw is`K Drm ivc gW dy mws dI koeI mnwhI nhIN}.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Amr cMd/isMG

BweI Amr cMd/isMG (jnm 1663-64, mOq 21 mwrc 1746) bIbI rUp kOr (puqrI guru hir rwie swihb) Aqy BweI Kym krn (pihloN vwsI psrUr, isAwlkot qoN 30 Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dy ipMf krqwrpur qoN 46 iklomItr dUr) dw pu`qr sI[ aus ny AwpxI aumr dw kuJ ih`sw kilAwnpur (kIrqpur dy nwl lgvW, hux aus dw iek iksm dw ih`sw) ivc hI ibqwieAw sI[ jd guru goibMd isMG jI ny KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU kIqI qW auh pwhul lY ky Amr isMG bx igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Amr dws, gurU

gurU Amr dws swihb (15.4.1509-1.9.1574) dw jnm mwqw b^q kOr (Awp ƒ mwqw l`Ko, sul`KxI qy l`KxI dyvI vI iliKAw igAw hY) Aqy bwbw qyj Bwn (pu`qr bwbw hrI dws) dy Gr ipMf bwsrky (hux bwsrky ig`lW) ivc hoieAw[ (iek vwr iksy lyKk ny Awp dy jnm dI qwrI^ ZlqI nwl 1479 ilK id`qI sI jo Aj vI kuJ lyKk ApxweI bYTy hn)[ Awp dy mwpy vYSƒ soc vwly sn Aqy hr swl bwkwiedw hirduAwr qy kurKyqr (kurUkSyqr) jwieAw krdy sn[ BweI Amr dws dw ivAwh 1532 ivc (mwqw) mnsw dyvI nwl hoieAw[ Awp dy Gr iek bytI (BwnI 1533 ivc) Aqy do byty (mohn 1536 ivc qy mohrI 1539 ivc) pYdw hoey[ Awp dy iek BqIjy dw ivAwh gurU AMgd swihb dI bytI bIbI Amro nwl hoieAw sI [ iek somy muqwibk iek idn bIbI Amro ƒ pwT kridAW sux ky Awp dy idl ivc gurU swihb ƒ imlx dI ^wihS pYdw hoeI[ bIbI Amro Awp ƒ KfUr swihb lY geI [ gurU AMgd swihb dy drSn kr ky BweI Amr dws eyny muqwisr hoey ik Awp aunHW dy hI ho ky rih gey[ Awp ny bwkI aumr gurU swihb dy nwl qy aunHW dI syvw ivc hI ibqwaux dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ ieh g`l sMn 1544 dI hY[

1552 ivc gurU AMgd swihb ny BweI Amr dws ƒ qIjy gurU nwmzd kr id`qw[ Awp ny AwpxI Azmq gurU Amr dws swihb dI hsqI ivc Swiml kr id`qI Aqy swrI bwxI qy hor poQIAW vI Awp ƒ sONp id`qIAW[ gurU Amr dws swihb ny goieMdvwl nUM Awpxw hY~fkuAwrtr bxwieAw[ 1557 ivc gurU Amr dws swihb ny is`K Drm dy pRcwr vwsqy lMbI Xwqrw kIqI[ ies dOrwn Awp hor jgHw qoN ielwvw hrduAwr Aqy kurKyqr vI gey[ ies dOrwn bhuq swry lok is`K Drm ivc Swiml hoey[ gurU Amr dws swihb ny is`KI dy pRcwr vwsqy 22 mMjIAW Aqy 52 pIiVHAW dI kwiemI kIqI[ ienHW swry 74 QwvW ’qy Awp ny iek-iek pRcwrk ƒ nwmzd kIqw[ ienHW pRcwrkW ivc v`K-v`K zwqW qy ielwikAW dy is`K mrdW qoN ielwvw iek AOrq vI Swiml sI[ aunHW gurU nwnk swihb dy hukm muqwibk AOrqW dI hsqI dI Swn kwiem krn vwsqy qy pRcwr ’c vwDw krn vwsqy isr& iehI nhIN kIqw blik AOrqW ivc prdy Aqy sqI dI rsm nUM vI ^qm kIqw[ sqI nUM, mgroN, Akbr bwdSwh ny vI ZYr-kwnUMnI krwr dy id`qw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hYY ik sqI dI rsm ^qm krn vyly Akbr ny gurU swihb dy hukm dw vI pqww hovygw[ 1556 ivc Awp ny goieMdvwl ivc iek bwaulI iqAwr kwrvweI qW jo ielwky ivc pIx vwly pwxI dI muSikl h`l kIqI jwey[ mgroN hor gurU swihbwn ny vI keI jgHw KUh Aqy bwaulIAW bxvweIAW[ gurU Amr dws jI ny hr swl pihlI mwG, pihlI ivswK Aqy ihMdU-dIvwlI vwly idn, goieMdvwl ivc is`KW dy iek`T krny SurU kIqy[ ienHW iek`TW ’qy hzwrW is`K pu`ijAw krdy sn[ gurU swihb ny ieh idn ies kr ky nhIN cuxy ik is`K Drm ivc mwGI, ivswKI jW dIvwlI dI koeI AihmIAq sI blik ies kr ky cuxy sn ikauN ik aunHIN idnI kYlMfr vI nhIN hoieAw krdy sI Aqy ieh idn Awm lokW ƒ pqw hox kr ky smwgmW dw pqw krnw Awswn sI.

gurU Amr dws swihb ny vI bwxI dI rcnw kIqI[ Awp dy swry dy swry 869 slok gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hn[ ienHW ivc ‘AnMd swihb’ bwxI vI swiml hY, ijs ƒ is`K hr roz pVHdy hn[

gurU Amr dws jI ny gurU nwnk swihb v`loN SurU kIqy lMgr ƒ is`K drbwr dw iek lwzmI ih`sw bxw id`qw[ drbwr ivc Awaux vwly hr S^s vwsqy pihlW lMgr Ckxw lwzmI kr id`qw igAw[ lMgr dw mwAnw mu&q rotI nhIN sI blik rUhwnI, smwijk qy BweIcwrk sWJ sI[ ijs nwl AKOqI v`fy dI hYNkV Aqy AKOqI Coty dw Aihswsy-kmqrI (hIxqw dI soc) vI ^qm huMdw sI[ jdoN Akbr pihlI vwrI goieMdvwl igAw qW aus ƒ vI gurU swihb dy drSn krn qoN pihlW lMgr Ckxw ipAw sI[ gurU Amr dws jI dI S^sIAq ny Akbr ƒ bhuq Asr-AMdwz kIqw[ gurU Amr dws jI dy vyly qk is`KW dI igxqI ivc coKw vwDw ho cu`kw sI[ pMQ dI syvw krdy Awp 1574 ivc joqI- joiq smw gey[ joqI-joiq smwaux qoN kuJ icr pihloN aunHW ny BweI jyTw ƒ cOQy gurU Qwp id`qw qy aunHW ƒ nvW nW ‘gurU rwmdws’ vI id`qw[ aunHW gurU rwmdws jI ƒ ie`k mwfl is`K ngr kwiem krn vwsqy hdwieq vI id`qI (ies ngr dI nINh 1564 ivc r`KI jw cukI sI[ (aus vyly ies dw nW ‘gurU dw c`k’, iPr ‘c`k rwmdws’ bixAw qy hux ies nUM ‘AMimRqsr’ kr ky jwixAw jWdw hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Amr isMG bMdeI

Amr isMG bMdeI (mOq 1723) dw jnm rGUpiq rwey in`Jr kMboj dy Gr Kymkrn ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh pRvwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vyly isKI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ 7 dsMbr 1664 dy idn jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb goieMdvwl ivc sn qW BweI rGupiq rwey ny aunHW dy drSn kIqy qy auh gurU swihb ƒ Kymkrn lY igAw[ rGupiq rwie ny gurU swihb ƒ Swhwnw jI AwieAW AwiKAw Aqy gurU swihb dI bVI syvw kIqI[ gurU swihb 15 idn Kymkrn ivc rhy[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Shwdq qoN mgroN rGupiq rwey gurU goibMd isMG jI dy drbwr ivc vI hwizr huMdw irhw[ aus dy byty mUl cMd qy Amr cMd vI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI syvw ivc hwizr irhw[ jdoN gurU swihb ny &Oj bxweI qW mUl cMd ny vI ies ivc Swiml ho ky SsqrW dI isKlweI hwisl kIqI BweI mUl cMd iek bhwdr qy dlyr nOjvwn sI[ auh 20 mwrc 1691 dy idn ndOx ivc hoeI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ mUl cMd dw Brw Amr isMG, mgroN, bwbw bMdw isMG dI &Oj ivc vI Swiml sI[ bMdw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN bMdw isMG dy bc gey swQIAW dw ieh AwgU sI qy ^ud nUM bMdeI ikhw krdw sI[ AkqUbr 1723 ivc jdoN drbwr swihb dI syvw sMBwl sbMDI bMdeIAW qy ZYr-bMdeIAW ivckwr JgVw hoieAw qW ies JgVy ivc aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Amr isMG AMbwlvI

Amr isMG AMbwlvI (1917 – 30.7.1995) dw jnm ipMf rOlU mwjrw (nyVy AMbwlw) ivc hoieAw sI[ 18 swl dI aumr ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw pr 4 swl mgroN hI C`f ky Aw igAw qy pVHweI SurU kr id`qI[ 1943 ivc auh Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc pVHdw sI[ jd kwlj vwilAW ny kpUrQlw dy mony mhwrwjw nUM iek smwgm dI pRDwngI vwsqy bulwieAw qW ies ny ‘piqq mhwrwj go bYk’ dy nwAry lwey ijs ’qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy kwlj ivcoN k`F id`qw igAw[ aus ny pRweIvyt qOr ’qy AYm.ey. qy iPr AYl-AYl.bI. dIAW ifgrIAW hwisl krn mgroN vkwlq SurU kr id`qI[ AwzwdI dI lihr ivc auh keI vwr jylH vI igAw[ auh igAwnI krqwr isMG dy bhuq nyVy sI[ jd igAwnI krqwr isMG is`KW qy ijnwh ivc nyVqw krvwaux dI koiSS kr irhw sI qW Amr isMG vI aus dy nwl sI[ auh 1950 ivc is`K stUfYNts &YfrySn dw pRDwn vI bixAw[ auh keI swl AkwlI dl dw jnrl sk`qr vI irhw[ auh, 17 AkqUbr 1973 dy idn pws hoey, ‘AnMdpur dw mqw’ bxwaux vwlI kmytI dw mYNbr vI sI[ jd nihrU ny kSmIrI AwgU Sy^ Abdu`lw nUM igR&qwr kIqw qW aus dw kys ies ny hI liVAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Amr isMG Jbwl

Amr isMG Jbwl (1888 – 28.3.1962) dw jnm gopwl isMG dy gr ipMf Jbwl (izlhw qrnqwr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn ho ky auh pulIs ivc BrqI ho igAw pr CyqI hI nOkrI C`f id`qI[ jd 1920 ivc AkwlI lihr SurU hoeI qW auh pihly idn qoN hI ies dw ih`sw bx igAw[ aus nUM 1 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn gurduAwrw byr swihb isAwlkot dI kmytI dw mYNbr bxieAw igAw sI[ jd gurduAwrw rkwb gMj id`lI dI dIvwr bxwaux dI lihr dOrwn ShIdI j`Qw iljwaux dI g`l c`lI qW jQy ivc Awpxw nW ilKwaux vwlw auh pihlw S^s sI[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI nwnkwxw swihb ivc 15 mwrc 1921 dy idn hoeI sI[ 1921 ivc auh sYNtrl is`K lIg dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ aus nUM 29 nvMbr 1921 dy idn cwbIAW dy morcy ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ kuJ hI idnW ivc aus dy nwl hI aus dy dovyN Brw srmuK isMG qy jsvMq isMG vI igR&qwr kr ley gey sn[ 16 julweI 1922 dy idn aus nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mIq pRDwn cux ilAw igAw[ 1925 ivc aus nUM AkwlI dl dw pRDwn cux ilAw igAw[ jd 1926 ivc AkwlI dl ivc Put peI qW aus ny Aqy aus dy BrwvW ny mwstr qwrw isMG dw swQ id`qw[ pr, mgroN auh igAwnI Syr isMG dy nwl iml igAw sI[ ies dOrwn auh gWDI qy nihrU dy nyVy Aw igAw, ijs kr ky aus nUM pMjwb kWgrs dw pRDwn bxw id`qw igAw[ 1944 qoN mgroN auh isAwsq qoN qkrIbn iknwrw hI kr igAw[ aus dI nUMh fw. pRkwS kOr nUM pRqwp isMG kyroN ny AYm.AYl.ey Aqy vzIr bxwieAw[ 1955 ivc jd pMjwb srkwr ny drbwr swihb ivc puls ByjI qW aus ny ies dI zbrdsq inMdw kIqI[ aus dI mOq 74 swl dI aumr ivc ipMf idAwl BiVMg ivc hoeI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Amr isMG mjIiTAw (1)

Amr isMG (pu`qr drgwhw isMG) mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oj dw iek jrnYl sI[ 1820 ivc aus nUM kuJ smyN vwsqy hzwrw dw sUbydwr bxwieAw igAw sI[ iek vwr A&Zwn kbwielIAW dy iek toly ny Gwq lw ky aus ’qy hmlw kIqw ijs ivc aus dI mOq ho geI.

Amr isMG mjIiTAw (2)

Amr isMG (pu`qr mwhxw isMG)mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oj dw iek jrnYl sI[ aus ny mulqwn (1818), ipSwvr (1834) Aqy jmrOd (1837) dIAW lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ aus nUM mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM tryinMg dyx vwsqy vI qweInwq kIqw igAw sI[ lwhOr drbwr au¤qy AMgryzW dy pihly kbzy mgroN auh Xwqrw dy nW ’qy hrduAwr clw igAw sI[ auQy hI aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Amr isMG rwjw

rwjw Amr isMG (6.6.1748 – 5.2.1782) pitAwlw dy rwjw srdUl isMG dw pu`qr Aqy rwjw Awlw isMG dw poqw sI[ Awlw isMG dy pu`qr dI mOq pihlW hI ho cukI sI ies kr ky Awlw isMG dI mOq mgroN 1765 ivc Amr isMG rwjw bixAw[ aus dy mqryey Brw ihMmq isMG ny aus qoN q^q Kohx vwsqy aus ’qy hmlw kIqw pr Amr isMG ny jINd, nwBw qy kYQl dy rwijAW dI mdd nwl aus nUM hrw id`qw[ ies mgroN aus ny j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw qoN KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI[ 1766 ivc aus ny j`sw isMG nwl iml ky, pwiel Aqy eIsVU ’qy hmlw kr ky, ienHW QwvW nUM kotlw A&Zwn dy hwkmW qoN Koh ilAw[ 1767 ivc jd Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny pMjwb ’qy ATvIN vwr hmlw kIqw qW ies ny aus nUM bhuq swry qoh&y id`qy qW jo auh pitAwlw ’qy hmlw nw kry[ pr do mhIny mgroN hI du`rwnI ny aus nUM 9 l`K rupY hor ‘rwKI’ dI rkm vjoN dyx vwsqy ikhw[ jd Amr isMG ny ieh rkm nw id`qI qW du`rwnI ny pitAwlw irAwsq dy kuJ ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qy Amr isMG nUM igR&qwr vI kr ilAw[ ies ’qy Amr isMG dI pqnI ny du`rwnI dy vzIr vlI ^wn bmzeI nwl rwbqw bxwieAw qy aus nUM bhuq swry qoh&y id`qy[ bmzeI dI mdd nwl rwjw Amr isMG nUM irhweI vI imlI Aqy ‘rwjw ey rwjgW’ dw i^qwb vI imilAw qy nwl hI du`rwnI ny aus nUM Awpxy v`loN srhMd dw sUbydwr vI mMn ilAw[ 1768 ivc Amr isMG ny ipMjOr dy cI& ZrIb dws ’qy hmlw kr ky aus qoN qwvwn ilAw[ 1770 ivc aus ny kotkpUrw irAwsq ’qy hmlw kIqw[ ies lVweI ivc kotkpUrw dw muKI joD isMG mwirAw igAw pr Amr isMG ny ies irAwsq ’qy kbzw nhIN kIqw[ 1771 ivc aus ny suKcYn isMG dI irAwsq ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1774 ivc aus ny srsw, &qihbwd Aqy rwxIAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1779 ivc aus ny dUjIAW is`K imslW nwl iml ky id`lI ’qy hmlw kIqw qy Abdul Ahd ^wn nUM hrwieAw[ aus dI isAwxp Aqy dlyrI kr ky CyqI hI pitAwlw irAwsq bhuq qwkqvr irAwsq bx geI[ pOxy 34 swl dI aumr ivc Br jvwnI ivc aus dI mOq ho geI. (qsvIr: rwjw Amr isMG):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Amr isMG Syyry pMjwb

Amr isMG ‘Syry pMjwb’ (27.5.1888 – 9.7.1948) dw jnm gulwb isMG dy Gr ipMfI GYb (rwvlipMfI, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny Awpxw bcpn kSmIr ivc ibqwieAw[ jvwn ho ky aus ny dukwndwrI SurU kr leI[ pr aus dw JukwA A^bwr nvIsI vl ho igAw ies kr ky aus ny ‘lwiel Zzt’ nW dw iek prcw Cwpxw SurU kr ilAw[ ies kr ky aus nUM Amr isMG ‘lwiel Zzt’ ikhw jwx lg ipAw[ 1921 ivc aus ny ies dw nW bdl ky ‘Syry pMjwb’ kr id`qw qy aus nUM Amr isMG ‘Syry pMjwb’ ikhw jwx lg ipAw[ auh iek vDIAw bulwrw sI[ auh pihlI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr vI sI[ jd 1923 ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr kwnUMnI krwr id“qw igAw qW jnvrI 1924 ivc aus nUM vI igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ auh jnvrI 1926 ivc irhw hoieAw[ auh 1926, 1930 qy 1933 ivc vI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ ies mgroN vI auh nwmzd mYNbr bxdw irhw[ jd bwbw KVk isMG qy mwstr qwrw isMG iek dUjy qoN v`K hoey qW ies ny KVk isMG dw swQ id`qw qy nvyN bxy sYNtrl AkwlI dl dw mIq pRDwn bixAw[jd kUikAW ny AMgryzW, mhMqW qy bRwhmxW nwl rl ky rwm isMG nUM is`KW dw gurU AYlwinAw Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb nUM gurU mMnx qoN nWh kr id`qI qW is`KW ny 21-22 &rvrI 1942 Aqy 26-28 &rvrI 1944 ivc do ‘kUkw ku&r qoV’ kwn&rMsW kIqIAW[ aunHW dI pRDwngI Amr isMG ny kIqI sI[ 1945 ivc auh gWDI qy nihrU dw cylw bx igAw Aqy aus ny Kwilsqwn dI mMg Aqy mwstr qwrw isMG dI ft ky mu^wl&q kIqI[ ies ivroDqw ivc aus ny mwstr qwrw isMG dy i^lw& JUTw (^ws kr ky AMbydkr dy is`K nw bx skx bwry) pRcwr vI kIqw[ pr, Bwrq dI AzwdI mgroN auh nihrU dy nyVy hox dy bwvjUd rwj Bwg dw in`G nw mwx sikAw qy 1948 ivc ksOlI ivc aus dI mOq ho geI. (qsvIr: Amr isMG Syry pMjwb):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Amr isMG vwsU

Amr isMG vwsU (1884- 27.6.1932) dw jnm l`Dw isMG dy Gr vwsU ngr (izlHw gujrwq, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw pihlw nW gMgU rwm sI pr swry prvwr v`loN pwhul ley jwx mgroN aus dw ipqw rwm isMG qy auh Amr isMG bx igAw sI[ Amr isMG iek lwiek lVkw sI[ aus ny 1904 ivc pMjwb XUnIvristI lwhOr qoN AY&.ey. qk dI pVHweI kIqI qy iPr 1906 ivc p`qrkwrI dw kors krn vwsqy AmrIkw clw igAw[ 1908 ivc vwips Awaux mgroN aus ny srkwrI nOkrI nhIN kIqI ikauN ik aus ny AMgryzW dI ZulwmI nw krn dw pRx kr ilAw hoieAw sI[ 1908 ivc aus ny srgoDw ivc AwXurvYidk &wrmysI kwiem kIqI[ ies &wrmysI ivc ieiqhwskwr krm isMG ihstorIAn aus dw BweIvwl sI[ ausy swl aus ny GVUMAW dy nrYx isMG dI bytI nwl AMqrjwqI SwdI kIqI ijs dw bhuq rOlw ipAw[ 1920 ivc aus nUM Kwlsw smwcwr (AMgryzI) dw AYfItr bxwieAw igAw[ 1921 ivc aus nUM nwnkwxw swihb dw qy 1922 ivc drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dw pRbMDk QwipAw igAw[ ies dy nwl hI auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr vI cuixAw igAw[1927 ivc auh bImwr pY igAw qy lMmI bImwrI mgroN aus dI mOq ho geI[ aus ny 1908 qoN 1927 qk dw swrw smW pMQ dy lyKy lw id`qw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AmirMdr isMG, kYptn

kYptn AmirMdr isMG (pu`qr mhwrwjw AmirMdr isMG) dw jnm 11 mwrc 1942 dy idn pitAwlw ivc hoeAw sI[ aus ny lwrYNs skUl snwvr Aqy dUn skUl fyhrwdUn qoN pVHweI kIqI[ aus dI SwdI igAwn isMG kwhloN dI bytI pRnIq kOr (jo ismrnjIq isMG mwn dI pqnI dI v`fI BYx hY) nwl hoeI qy aunHW dy Gr iek pu`qr (rxieMdr isMG) Aqy iek bytI jYieMdr kOr) ny jnm ilAw[ jUn 1963 ivc auh BwrqI &Oj dw ih`sw bixAw qy 1965 ivc AsqI&w dy id`qw, pr 1965 dI Bwrq pwik jMg SurU hox qy auh iPr &Oj ivc Swiml ho igAw[ auh is`K rYjmYNt ivc bqOr kYptn qweInwq sI[ 38 swl dI aumr ivc auh isAwsq ivc Swiml hoieAw qy 1980 dIAW coxW ivc pitAwlw qoN AYm.pI. bixAw[ jUn 1984 ivc drbwr swihb ‟qy hmly ‟qy ros vjoN aus ny kWgrs pwrtI hI nhIN AYm.pI. vjoN vI AsqI&w dy id`qw[ ies mgroN aus ny iek nvW AkwlI dl bxw ilAw[ 1985 dI surjIq brnwlw srkwr ivc auh vzIr bixAw[ 1986 ivc jd surjIq brnwlw ny drbwr swihb ‟qy hmlw kIqw qW aus ny AsqI&w dy id`qw[ 1995 ivc jd swry AkwlI dlW ivc eykqw hoeI qW ies ny vI Awpxw AkwlI dl aus ivc Swiml kr id`qw[ 1996 ivc jd gurcrn isMG tOhVw Aqy bwdl iek ho gey qW ieh kWgrs pwrtI ivc Swiml ho igAw[ auh 2002 ivc pMjwb dw mu`K mqrI bixAw[ 2005 ivc aus ny sqluj Xmunw ilMk nihr rokx vwsqy „pwxIAW dy smJOqy r`d krn‟ bwry kwnUMn pws kr ky ilMk nihr dI KuweI rok id`qI[ ies g`l ny aus nUM pMjwbIAW Aqy ^ws kr ky is`KW ivc bhuq mwx id`qw[ 2007 ivc auh cox hwr igAw[ ies dw muK kwrn coxW dy mhIinAW ivc puls v`loN lokW nwl izAwdqI Aqy aus dy mIfIAw AYfvweIzr BriqMdr cwhl v`loN mIfIAw nwl sbMD ivgwVxw sI[ sqMbr 2008 ivc bwdl srkwr ny iek kmytI bxw ky AMimRqsr ieMpUvmYNt trst dy iek kys ivc aus dI ivDwn sBw mYNbrI ^qm kr id`qI[ suprIm kort ny ieh &Yslw r`d kr idqw[ 2012 dIAW coxW ivc mnpRIq bwdl ny pIplz pwrtI bxw ky aus dIAW votW dw kuJ ih`sw Koh ilAw ijs nwl aus dI pwrtI nUM hwr imlI[ 2014 ivc aus ny AMimRqsr lok sBw hlky qoN Bwjpw dy Arux jyqlI nUM v`fy &rk nwl hrwieAw[ mwrc 2017 ivc aus ny 117 ivcoN 77 sItW ij`q ky iPr cI& minstrI hwisl kIqI[

pr aus ny AwpxI ieh swrI kIqI-kqrI KUh ivc pw leI hY ikauNik aus ny 1. cI& minstr bxn dy pihly idn auh zwlm pulsIey ky.pI. ig`l dw hwl pu`Cx Aqy aus nUM guldsqw Byt krn vwsqy igAw[ (auh aus dy mrn ‘qy Bog ivc vI Swiml hoieAw qy AsYNblI ivc aus nUM SrDWjlI vI Byt kIqI). 2. vcn krn dy bwvjUd aus ny hrnwm isMG DuMmy nUM FfrIAW kWf ivc igR&qwr nw kIqw (hor qW hor vcn krn dy bwvjUd AYs.AweI.tI. vI nw bxweI). 3. jd knyfw dw if&YNs vzIr hrjIq isMG s`jx Bwrq AwieAw qW ies ny aus nUM KwilsqwnI kih ky imlx qoN nWh kr id`qI (pr, mgroN jd knyfw dw pRweIm minstr AwieAw qW ies ny Quk ky c`t ilAw). 4. ies ny rwijsQwn qoN pMjwb dy pwxIAW dI kImq vsUl krn dw ivroD kIqw (aultw, ieh mMg krn ‘qy bYNs BrwvW nUM AsYNblI ivcoN bwhr k`iFAw). 5. ies ny krqwrpur lWGy dw bhuq GtIAW Aqy Srmnwk qrIky nwl ivroD kIqw. 6. ies ny ‘kwlI nvMbr 1984’ dy kwiqlW jgdIS tweItlr, s`jn kumwr, kml nwQ Aqy kWgrs pwrtI nUM inrdoS ikhw Aqy bhuq nIvyN p`Dr qy auqr ky aunHW dI ihmwieq kIqI. 7. 2017-18 ivc aus ny ieMdrw, rwjIv qy pMjwb Aqy is`KW dy duSmx kWgrsI AwgUAW dI GtIAw p`Dr ‘qy auqr ky cwplUsI SurU kr id`qI hY[ ienHW krqUqW ny kYptn AmirMdr isMG dI swrI kIqI-kqrI KUh ivc qW pw hI id`qI hY, pr nwl hI aus nuM drbwrw isMG qy byAMq isMG vrgy cI& minstrW dy drjy ‘qy lY AWdw.

kYptn AmirMdr isMG “lwst snsY~t AYNf &wl Aw& lwhOr drbwr”, “isKz ien birtyn: 150 eIArz Aw& &otogrw&z”, “Aw`nr AYNf i&fYiltI: ieMfIAwz kMtrIibaUSn tU d gryt vwr: 1914 tU 1918” Aqy “d mOnsUn vwr: XMg Aw&Isrz rYmnIsInz – 1965 ieMfIAw pwiksqwn vwr” ikqwbW dw lyKk vI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn

AmrjIq isMG (1953 – 5.6.1984) dw jnm s kSmIr isMG dy Gr ksbw Kymkrn ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ‟qy 1972 ivc auh pMjwb puls ivc BrqI ho igAw[ puls ivc nOkrI krn dOrwn vI aus ny sMpUrn is`KI srUp hI r`iKAw Aqy Dwrimk AsUlW ‟qy ft ky pihrw dyNdw irhw[ ies dOrwn s ismrnjIq isMG mwn &rIdkot dy AYs. AYs. pI. bx ky Aw gey[ mwn dw aunHW mulwzmW nwl bhuq ipAwr sI ijhVy is`KI srUp ivc prp`k sn Aqy is`KI jIvn ijaUNdy sn[ Aijhy mulwzmW ivc ipMf BUrw kohnw dw s. gurnwm isMG Aqy qrmwlw ipMf dw syvw isMG vI sn[ ienHW iqMnW ny &rIdkot puls lweIn ivc vI Dwrimk smwgm krvwauxy SurU kr id`qy[ 1978 vc aus dw ivAwh mwlI isMG vwlw dy s gurmyj isMG dI bytI mlkIq kOr nwl ho igAw[ Awp dy Gr do pu`qrW srbjIq isMG qy gurpRIq isMG ny jnm ilAw[

13 ApRYl 1978 dy swky mgroN pMjwb ivc is`K nOjvwnW ivc Drm surjIqI dI lihr c`lI[ 1979 ivc jQydwr qlivMdr isMG prmwr (knyfw) ny ^u&IAw jQybMdI „bbr Kwlsw‟ dI nINh r`KI[ ies dy nwl hI aunHW ny zmInI p`Dr ‟qy “cldw vhIr ckrvrqI dl” bxw ky ipMf-ipMf Drm pRcwr dI syvw vI SurU kr id`qI[jQydwr qlivMdr isMG nwl bhuq swry srgrm kwrkuMn Swiml hox lg pey[ CyqI hI ieh qIh ku jixAW dw j`Qw bx cukw sI[ ienHW ivc AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn, gurnwm isMG BUrw kohnw, syvw isMG qrmwlw, AmrjIq isMG dhyVU, qrsym isMG kwlw sMGw, vDwvw isMG sMDU c`Tw, inhwl isMG, mihMgw isMG, kulvMq isMG jgwDrI, AnoK isMG viVMg, sul`Kx isMG vYrovwl, suirMdr isMG nwgoky, rySm isMG, sqnwm isMG, divMdr isMG, suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl, kuldIp isMG, surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW, Amolk isMG qy Ajwieb isMG bwgVI Awid Swiml sn[jQydwr qlivMdr isMG dI bhuqI nyVqw AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn, gurnwm isMG BUrw kohnw, syvw isMG qrmwlw, AmrjIq isMG dhyVU, vDwvw isMG qy surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW nwl sI[ dUjy pwsy suirMdr isMG nwgoky, AnoK isMG, sul`Kx isMG, divMdr isMG, suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl qy Amolk isMG mwJy ivc iml ky kMm krdy sn[ pMjwb ivc inhwl isMG hrIAW vylW vwly dw vI ies jQy nwl nyVlw sbMD sI[ 13 ApRYl 1978 dy kqlyAwm dw PYslw 4 jnvrI 1980 dy idn hoieAw sI[ bwdl dI puls ny kys shI nhIN liVAw Aqy inrMkwrIAW ny j`j qk phuMc vI kr leI ijs kwrn gurbcn isMG Aqy aus dy swQI mujirm brI ho gey[ ies hwlq ivc KwVkUAW ny PYslw kIqw ik inrMkwrI nUM pMQk qrIky nwl szw id`qI jwvy[ so Xojnw bxw ky isMGW ny 24 ApRYl 1980 dy idn gurbcn isMG nUM soD id`qw[ ies ivc v`fw rol BweI rxjIq isMG, kwbl isMG, igAwn isMG reIAw mMfI dw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw dlbIr isMG AiBAwsI, svrn isMG, Bolw isMG, myjr isMG nwgoky Awid ny vI imlvrqn id`qw sI[ kuJ icr mgroN jQydwr qlivMdr isMG knyfw muV gey Aqy pYsy Aqy hiQAwrW dw ieMqzwm kIqw[ ienHW ivco iek mwaUzr bwbw jrnYl isMG iBMfrW nUM vI Byt kIqw igAw[ ies mgroN hor inrMkwrIAW dI suDweI vI SurU ho geI 5 Agsq 1981 dy idn AnMdpur ivc SwdI lwl AMgwrw (suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl ny), 28 Agsq dy idn kot SmIr dw mwstr drSn (surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW ny), G`l kLW dw Qwnydwr (AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn ny), 9 sqMbr 1981 dy idn lwlw jgq nwrwiex (svrn isMG rofy, dlbIr isMG AiBAwsI qy nCqr isMG ny) soD id`qy[ 20 sqMbr nUM cOk mihqw ivc golIAW clw ky 11 is`K mwry gey sn[ ies dy i^lw& ros vjoN motr sweIklW ‟qy svwr bbrW ny 20 qwrI^ nUM jlMDr Aqy 21 qwrI^ nUM qrnqwrn ivc golIAW clweIAW[ ieh motr sweIkl vwilAW ivc AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn, gurnwm isMG BUrw kohnw, surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW, qrsym isMG kwlw sMGw, suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl, vDwvw isMG Swiml sn[ 16 AkqUbr 1981 dy idn motr sweIkl vwilAW ivcoN AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn Aqy suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl ny sYktrIeyt ivc jw ky inrMkwrIAW dy iek pRmuK AwgU inrMjn isMG dy soDx dw AYkSn kIqw, auh qW bc igAw pr aus dw Brw suirMdr mwirAw igAw[ inrMjn dy gMnmYn ^uSnsIb ny suKdyv isMG nUM j`Pw pw ilAw pr AmrjIq isMG ny aus nUM golI mwr ky suKdyv isMG nUM Cufvw ilAw Aqy dovyN jxy bc ky inkl gey qy bwhr JwVIAW kol KVHy vDwvw isMG v`loN iqAwr KVHy motr sweIkl ‟qy svwr ho ky inkl gey[ 23 AkqUbr nUM pWCtw dw srpMc mihMdrpwl Aqy 16 nvMbr nUM kpUrQlw dw pRihlwd cMd, aus dw Brw qy bwp mwry gey[ pr ies mOky ‟qy qrsym isMG dw auDwr mMg ky ilAWdw motr sweIkl nw cl sikAw[ ies motr sweIkl qoN puls nUM qrsym isMG dw rwz pqw lg igAw[ auDr surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW 6 nvMbr dy idn Aslw KrIddw PiVAw jw cukw sI[ puls ny aus nUM qsIhy dy ky aus qoN vI bhuq swry rwz pqw kr ley sn[ hux puls nUM KwVkUAW dy iek itkwxy ipMf dhyVU dw pqw l`g igAw qW iek puls ieMspYktr pRIqm isMG bwjvw ny kuJ ispwhIAW nUM lY ky dhyVU ivc AmrjIq isMG dhyVU dw Gr Gyr ilAw[pRIqm isMG bwjvw qy aus nwl iek ispwhI cObwry dIAW pOVIAW cVHn l`gy qW auQy mOjUd AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn Aqy qrsym isMG kwl sMGw ny aunHW nUM QweyN mwr id`qw Aqy dovyN bbr bc ky inkl gey[ hux 20 nvMbr dy idn puls ny surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW dI igR&qwrI vI idKw id`qI qy 24 qwrI^ nUM &rIdkot dy puls mulwzmW AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn, gurnm isMG qy syvw isMG ‟qy mukdmy drj kr ley, ijs nwl auh Aqy dhyVU dw AmrjIq isMG rUpoS ho gey[ ies mgroN puls ny ispwhI gurdIp isMG qy hor keI is`K ienHW nUM pnwh dyx dy nW ‟qy vI igR&qwr kr ley; keI bbrW dy qW t`br vI TwixAW ivc f`k id`qy[ ienHW dy Gr Fwh id`qy, pSU KulHy C`f id`qy qy KyqW ivc pwxI C`f ky PslW ^rwb kr id`qIAW[ AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn, gurnwm isMG, syvw isMG qy jQydwr qlivMdr isMG dy prvwrW (shuirAW dy Gr vI), ^ws kr ky mwipAW qy b`icAW nwl bhuq izAwdqI kIqI[ jQydwr guridAwl isMG Ajnohw Aqy gurcrn isMG tOhVw ny ies dy i^lw& Awvwz auTweI qW ikqy jw ky 50 idn mgroN ienHW prvwrW nUM C`ifAw igAw[

ies hwlq ivc jQydwr qlivMdr isMG, vDwvw isMG, qrsym isMG qy rySm isMG Awid nypwl rwhIN ivdySW nUM inkl cuky sn[ 27 meI 1982 dy idn puls ny kulvMq isMG nwgoky nUM igR&qwr kIqw qy aus ‟qy bhuq qS`dd kIqw[ A^Ir aus nUM nklI mukwblw bxw ky mwr id`qw[ 19 julweI 1982 dy idn AmrjIq isMG dhyVU dw vI nklI mukwblw bxw ky aus nUM mwr id`qw[ ies swrw smW dOrwn AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn pMjwb qoN bwhr luikAw hoieAw sI qy aus nUM igR&qwr krn vwsqy puls aus dy prvwr nUM zlIl krdI rihMdI sI[ A^Ir ies prvwr ny drbwr swihb ivc pnwh lY leI[ jnvrI 1984 AmrjIq isMG vI drbwr swihb phuMc igAw[ kuJ icr mgroN gurnwm isMG kWstybl vI aunHW nwl Swiml ho igAw[ surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW vI zmwnq ‟qy irhw hox mgroN drbwr swihb phuMc igAw[ ieh smW auh sI jd iBMfrWvwilAW Aqy suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl ivc ql^I cl rhI sI[ ies hwlq ivc AmrjIq isMG, gurnwm isMG kWstybl qy surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW dohW iDrW ivc Amn kwiem r`Kx dI koiSS krdy rhy[

jd 4 jUn 1984 dy idn BwrqI &Oj ny hmlw kIqw qW aus qoN pihlI rwq AmrjIq isMG KymkrnI ny igAwnI mohn isMG dy Gr prvwr nwl Aw^rI mulwkwq kIqI[ Agly idn jMg ivc AmrjIq isMG qy aus dw swlw BweI drSn isMG ShId ho gey[ cSmdId gvwhW muqwibk AmrjIq isMG dw morcw (jo GMtwGr vwly pwsy sI) sB qoN vD mzbUq sI qy aunHW pUrw fyF idn &Oj nUM nyVy vI nhIN sI Fukx id`qw[ AmrjIq isMGdI ShIdI mgroN aus dI isMGxI bIbI mlkIq kOr ny nOkrI kr ky bVI muSikl nwl dohW byitAW nUM pwilAw pVHwieAw; pr, pMQ dy iksy vI AwgU ny aunHW dI swr nw leI[A`j vI auh dovyN b`cy bhuq j`dojihd kr ky izMdgI bsr kr rhy hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AMbydkr, BIm rwE

BIm rwEAMbydkr (14-4-1891 – 6.12.1959) pCVI zwq dy iek m`D vrgI Gr ivc pYdw hoieAw sI[ aus ny AmrIkw qoN pI-AYc. fI,. ieMglYNf qoN lwA dI ifgrI Aqy jrmn qoN fI.AYs-sI dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI[ 1922 ivc auh bMbeI lYijslyitv kONsl dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ aus dI sB qoN pihlI j`dojihd dilqW nUM KUhW ivcoN pwxI Brn Aqy mMdrW ivc dwi^l hox dI iejwzq hwisl krn sI[ ies mgroN aus ny lYijslyitv hwaUs (AsYNblI) ivc dilqW vwsqy spYSl sItW dw h`k hwisl kIqw[ 13 AkqUbr 1935 dy idn aus ny ihMdU Drm C`fx dw AYlwn kIqw[ pihlW qW aus ny is`K Drm ivc Swiml hox dw AYlwn kIqw[ aus dI Arz ’qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny bMbeI ivc Kwlsw kwlj kwiem kr id`qw[ pr, hux auh iPr duic`qI ivc Aw igAw[ aus ny soicAw ik jy dilq is`K bx gey qW aunHW nUM bMbeI lYijslyitv hwaUs ivc dilqW vwsqy rwKvIAW sItW dw h`k nhIN imlygw[ dUjw gWDI vI ies g`l dy i^lw& sI ik auh is`KI Dwrn kr lvy[gWDI ny aus nwl pihlI dsMbr 1936 dy idn hoeI mIitMg ivc s^q l&zW ivc aus dy is`K bxn dw ivroD kIqw sI[ mwstr qwrw isMG Aqy igAwnI krqwr isMG dy iek injI mu^wil& isAwsI AwgU, Amr isMG Syry pMjwb, ny ieh JUTw prcwr vI kIqw hY ik kuJ is`K AwgU nhIN sI cwhuMdy ik auh is`K bxy ikauN ik ies nwl is`K lIfriSp ’qy dilqW ny kbzw kr lYxw sI[ ^Yr, AMbydkr ny Awpxw ierwdw bdl ilAw (qy mgroN, 14 AkqUbr 1956 dy idn, aus ny bu`D Drm A^iqAwr kr ilAw)[ AMbydkr ny 1947 qoN pihlW qy bwAd ivc vI isAwsI Kyqr ivc bhuq au¤cw drjw hwisl kr ilAw sI[ jd Bwrq dw ivDwn bxwieAw jwxw sI qW aus nUM ivDwn bxwaux vwlI ‘kMstIicauNt AsYNblI’ dw cyArmYn bxwieAw igAw[ AMbydkr ny is`K msilAW ’qy keI vwr aunHW dw swQ id`qw qy pMjwbI bolI dy ADwr ’qy sUbw bxwaux dI purzor ihmwieq kIqI[pr jd kMstIicauNt AsYNblI ivc is`KW vwsqy ivSyS AiDkwrW dw mslw auiTAw qW aus ny ihmwieq nhIN kIqI sI[ AMbydkr dw Aw^rI smW iek qrHW dw gumnwmI vwlw sI[ aus dI mOq mgroN qkrIbn 30 swl qk aus dw nW iek iksm dw Bu`ilAw hI irhw, pr 1990ivAW aus nUM kwSI rwm ny auBwrnw SurU kIqw qy ies mgroN qW aus nUM ^ws AhmIAq id`qI jwx lg peI[ keI jgh qW aus nUM Bgq rivdws qoN vI vD drjw id`qw jwxw lg ipAw qy lokW ny aus dy nW ’qy ‘jY BIm’ nwArw vI bxw ilAw. (qsvIr: fw. BIm rwE AMbydkr):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AmIAw hyhr

BweI AmIAw, jo hyhr j`t brwdrI nwl sbMDq sI, guru hirgoibMd swihb dy vyly is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ aus ny gurU dw c`k (hux AMimRqsr) dI lVweI AprYl 1634 Aqy krqwrpur dI lVweI ivc ih`sw ilAw[ auh qy aus dy Brw P`qy cMd qy j`gU gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI &Oj dy muKI ispwhIAW ivcoN sn[ ienHW iqMnW ny gurU swihb ’qy hoey keI hmilAW vyly AwpxI bhwdrI dy jOhr idKwey sn[ 26 ApRYl 1635 dy idn jdoN pYNdy KW ny muZl &OjW ƒ krqwrpur (jlMDr) ’qy cVHw ilAWdw qW gurU hirgoibMd swihb kol bhuq swry is`K ispwhI hwizr sn[ ies vyly, muZl &OjW dI igxqI BwvyN bhuq izAwdw sI, pr is`K ispwhI vI igxqI ivc kw&I sn[ is`K ies mOky ’qy jIA jwn qoN lVy Aqy pYNdy ^wn Aqy muZl &OjW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ ies lVweI ivc sYNkVy muZl ispwhI mwry gey (keI ieh igxqI hzwrW ivc d`sdy hn)[ ies mOky ’qy bhuq swry is`KW ny vI ShIdI jwm pIqy[ ShId hox vwly bhwdr is`K sUrbIrW ivc AmIAw vI Swiml sn[ BweI AmIAw dy nwl aunHW dw Brw P`qy cMd vI aunHW dy moFy nwl moFw joV ky liVAw qy ShId hoieAw sI[ aunHW dI ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI”, rmwinAW dy Kwqy ivc, ienHW l&zW ivc drj hY:“P`qw bytw Drmw kw, AmIAw bytw Drmw kw, poqy Bojy ky, pVpoqy rx m`l ky, rwmxy, gurU kw hukm pwie, krqwrpur ky mlHwn prgxw jlMDr, swl solW sY bwnmyN bYswK pRivSty au~nqIs AYqvwr ky idhuM, rx jUJMqy sUirEN gYl swhvyN mwQy jUJ kir suAws dIey[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw rmwnoN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AmIr isMG inhMg

AmIr isMG inhMg BweI inhwl isMG (BweI mhwrwj isMG) dw iek swQI sI jd BweI mhwrwj isMG ny AMgryzW nUM pMjwb ivcoN k`Fx vwsqy lihr clweI qW aus ny aus dw swQ id`qw[ 28-29 dsMbr 1849 dI A`DI rwq nUM jd BweI mhwrwj isMG qy aunHW dy swQIAW nUM AMgryzI &Oj ny Gyr ilAw gey qW aunHW dI ingrwnI jlMDr dw ifptI kimSnr vMsItwrt kr irhw sI[ AmIr isMG ny aus au~qy kuhwVI nwl vwr kIqw ijs ’qy ifptI kimSnr ny AwpxI ipsqOl nwl aus’qy golI clw id`qI ijs nwl AmIr isMG bhuq burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ iqMn idnW bwAd aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AmIr isMG sMDwvwlIAw

AmIr isMG (mOq 1827) mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw ccyrw Brw sI[ 1784 ivc Awpxy ipqw dI mOq mgroN auh Awpxy bwp dI irAwsq dw vwirs bixAw[ ies mgroN aus ny rwjwsWsI dy kuJ hor ipMfW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ jd mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG lwhOr dw hwkm bixAw qW aus ny ies nUM Awpxy drbwr ivc siqkwrXog QW id`qI[ 1803 ivc jd aus ’qy rxjIq isMG nMU kql krn dI swizS dw doS l`gw qW aus nUM drbwr ivcoN k`F id`qw igAw[ ies ’qy auh lwhOr qoN swihb isMG bydI dy fyry aUnw clw igAw[ swihb isMG ny aus nUM rxjIq isMG qoN muAw&I idvw id`qI[ rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM drbwr ivc dobwrw r`K qW ilAw pr nwl hI Aqr isMG kwilAWvwlI nUM aus dI ingrwnI r`Kx vwsqy qweInwq kr id`qw[ 1807 ivc aus nUM ksUr ’qy hmlw krn dI muihMm ivc Swiml kIqw igAw[ 1809 ivc aus nUM jMmU dw gvrnr bxw id`qw igAw[ 1810 ivc aus nUM dirAwvW isMD Aqy JnW ivckwrly kbwielIAW nUM soDx dI muihMm ’qy qweInwq kIqw igAw[ 1827 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[ aus dy iqMn pu`qr (Aqr isMG, lihxw isMG bswvw isMG) sn jo rxjIq isMG dy drbwr dw ih`sw bxy[ ienHW sMDwvwlIAW ivcoN lihxw isMG qy bswvw isMG dw pu`qr AjIq isMG ny 16 sqMbr 1843 dy idn mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy p`uqr Syr isMG nUM kql kIqw sI qy Awp vI Agly idn mwry gey sn[ qIjw Aqr isMG 7 meI 1844 dy idn, bwbw bIr isMG nOrMgwbwdI dy fyry ’qy, hIrw isMh fogrw dI ByjI &Oj h`QoN mwirAw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AmIr isMG s`qovwlI

AmIr isMG s`qovwlI (1870 – 17.10.1954) pu`qr pRym isMG dw jnm ipMf drgwhI Swh (izlHw JMg, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ in`kI aumr ivc hI auh AMimRqsr Sihr dI s`qovwlI glI ivc syvwpMQI fyry ’qy syvw krn vwsqy mhMq jvwhr isMG kol Aw igAw[ 1888 ivc jd jvwhr isMG dI mOq hoeI qW auqm isMG ies fyry dw mhMq bixAw[ AmIr isMG ny aus koloN Dwrimk gRMQW dI pVHweI kIqI qy mgroN kQw krn lg ipAw[ auqm isMG dI mOq mgroN auh ies fyry dw mhMq bixAw[ 1945 ivc jd ivdvwnW ny rwg mwlw nUM r`d kIqw qW inrmilAW qy audwsIAW ny ies dy i^lw& ‘rwg mwlw mMfn kmytI’ bxw leI qy aus nUM ies dw pRDwn cux ilAw[ hor inrmilAW qy audwsIAW vWg auh rwgmwlw qy dsmgRMQ dw p`kw ihmwieqI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Amolk isMG

BweI Amolk isMG BweI Awlm isMG n`cxw dw pu`qr sI[ auh vqs cOhwn-rwjpUq brwdrI nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ienHW dy v`fy vfyry soDrw (izlHw vzIrw bwd) dy rihx vwly sn[ mgroN ieh izlHw isAwlkot dy nyVy dy ipMf dburjI ivc cly gey sn[ ies prvwr ny pMjvyN gurU qoN dsvyN gurU qk dw smW (qy mgroN vI) pMQk syvwvW ivc bhuq v`fw ih`sw pwieAw[ BweI Awlm isMG ny qW Awpxw jIvn pMQ nUM Arpx kIqw hoieAw sI qy prvwr sxy AnMdpur hI rihMdw sI[ (vyKo: Awlm isMG n`cxw)[ Awlm isMG dI pqnI bIbI iB`KW sI BweI bjr isMG (ijs ny guru goibMd isMG jI nUM Ssqr ividAw id`qI sI) dI bytI sI[ aunHW dy do pu`qr Amolk isMG, mohr isMG sn qy auh vI AnMdpur ivc hI rihMdy sn[

3 meI 1705 dy idn phwVIAW dIAW hzwrW &OjW ny cOhW pwisAW qoN AwnMdpur swihb qy c`k nwnkI ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ s`q mhIny dy Gyry mgroN A^Ir 5-6 dsMbr dI A`DI rwq ƒ gurU goibMd isMG swihb qy is`K sMgqW ny AnMdpur swihb qoN turn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ rsqy ivc srsw ndI qoN pihlW Aqy milkpur dy kol zbrdsq lVweIAW hoeIAW[ ienHW swrIAW JVpW Aqy lVweIAW ivc sYNkVy isMG ShId ho gey [ A^Ir gurU swihb qy 47 isMG inkl ky cmkOr qk pu`jx ivc kwmXwb ho gey[ cmkOr ivc hornW qoN ielwvw BweI Awlm isMG n`cxw, aunHW dy Brw bIr isMG qy Awlm isMG dy do pu`qr mohr isMG Aqy Amolk isMG vI sn[ kuJ GMitAW mgroN hI mlyrkotlw dIAW &OjW ny cmkOr dI gVHI ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ dupihr qoN lY ky rwq qk h`QoN-h`Q lVweI huMdI rhI[ hzwrW muZl &OjIAW dy twkry ivc swihbzwdw AjIq isMG qy juJwr isMG, pMj ipAwry Aqy 40 hor isMG gurU swihb dI AgvweI ivc jUJdy rhy[lVweI dOrwn Awlm isMG jYkwirAW nwl gVHI AMdr bYTy isMGW dy hOsly vI vDwauNdw irhw Aqy muZl &OjIAW ƒ AMdrly isMGW dI igxqI vDyry hox dw fr vI dyNdw irhw sI[ A^Ir dovyN v`fy swihbzwdy, pMjW ivcoN iqMn ipAwry (ihMmq isMG, swihb isMG, muhkm isMG) Aqy 38 isMG ShId ho gey qy Aw^rI do AglI svyr nUM ShId ho gey[ ienHW 40 ShIdW, ijnHW ƒ 40 mukqy dw drjw id`qw jWdw hY, ivc Awlm isMG dy dovyN pu`qr mohr isMG qy Amolk isMG qy aus dw Brw bIr isMG vI Swiml sn[Awlm isMG n`cxw dI isMGxI qy Amolk isMG dI mwqw bIbI iB`KW pihlW hI 6 dsMbr dI svyr ƒ ipMf J`KIAW dI jUh ivc (nyVy srsw ndI) phwVI &OjW nwl lVdy ShId ho cu`ky sn[

Awlm isMG, aus dy Brw bIr isMG, Amolk isMG qy mohr isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhI qlauNFw ivc ieM\ imldw hY: “bIr isMG durgw kw, Awlm isMG durgw kw, cMdr bMsI bqs goqrw cOhwn AwT myN sy kurw, hjwvq AWbAwny, gurU ky bfy byty gYl, poh sudI qIj, swl sqrW sY bwsT, cmkOr ky mlhwn, prgnw ropr, AwD GrI idn Kry, swmHxy mwQy jUJ kr mry……gYloN Amolk isMG, mohr isMG byty Awlm isMG ky mwry gey[” (B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgnw jINd, Kwqw hjwvqoN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AmrIk isMG BweI

BweI AmrIk isMG (1948 – 6.6.1984) pu`qr igAwnI krqwr isMG (muKI iBMfrW-mihqw jQw) cOk mihqw dw jnm ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny pMjwbI ivc AYm.ey. kIqI Aqy iPr pI-AYc. fI. dw QIiss ilKx dw kMm SurU kIqw[ 13 ApRYl 1978 dy idn inrMkwrIAW v`loN 13 is`KW dy kql mgroN iBMfrW-mihqw jQw dw muKI igAwnI jrnYl isMG bhuq crcw ivc AwieAw[ audoN ieh Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc pVHdw sI[ ies smyN aus ny vI bhuq rol Adw kIqw[

auh 2 julweI 1978 dy idn Awl ieMfIAw is`K stufYNts &YfrySn dw pRDwn bixAw[ aus ny 1979 ivc ibAws qoN jIvn isMG aumrwnMgl dy i^lw& SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI cox lVI pr srkwr ny hyrw PyrI nwl jwAlI votW Bugqw ky aus nUM hrw id`qw[ 1982 ivc iBMfrW-mihqw jQw Aqy srkwr ivc tkrwA SurU ho igAw[ ies kSmkS ivc 19 julweI 1982 dy idn aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy qkrIbn iek swl mgroN irhw kIqw igAw[ ies mgroN KwVkU lihr dw jobn smW SurU ho igAw qy auh drbwr swihb AMimRqsr ivc hI rihx lg ipAw[ 4 jUn 1984 dy idn BwrqI &Oj ny drbwr swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ sO svw sO dy krIb is`KW ny BwrqI &Oj dw iqMn idn twkrw kIqw[ A^Ir 6 jUn dy idn auh &Oj dIAW golIAW dw iSkwr ho ky ShId ho igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AnMd isMG

BweI AnMd isMG ny 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn cmkOr dI lVweI ivc keI muZl &OjIAW dy AwhU lwh ky ShIdI jwm pIqw sI[ BweI AnMd isMG gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy drbwrI is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ auh AnMdpur swihb ivc gurU swihb dy kol hI irhw krdw sI[ aunHW Awpxw Gr-bwr C`f ky gurU drbwr ƒ hI Awpxw Gr bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ AnMd isMG Kwlsw &Oj dw vI iek Aihm ih`sw sI[ jdoN vI AnMdpur ngrI ’qy phwVI jW muZl &OjW ny hmlw kIqw qW BweI AnMd isMG ny qlvwr DUh ky mUhry ho ky lVweI kIqI[ AnMd isMG AwpxI izMdgI ƒ gurU dy kdmW ivc Byt krn vwly igxvyN is`KW ivc Swiml sI[ ies kr ky auh jwn ipAwrI nhIN sI jwxdw[ ieh is`KI dw ^wsw hY ik hr is`K Awpxw isr gurU dI Byt kr dyNdw hY[ AnMdpur swihb ivc rihMidAW is`KW ƒ iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd nwl keI vwr do-h`Q krny pey[ meI 1705 ivc phwVI &OjW ny AnMdpur swihb ƒ pUrI qrHW Gyr ilAw[ A^Ir sq mhIny dy Gyry mgroN 5 qy 6 dsMbr dI rwq ƒ gurU swihb ny AnMdpur C`f dyxw mnzUr kr ilAw[ ies mOky ’qy AnMdpur ’c 500 dy krIb is`K hwizr sn[ ienHW ivcoN 40 is`K Aijhy sn ijnHW ny gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg rih ky iek`Ty jIx-mrn dIAW ksmW KwDIAW[ AnMd isMG ienHW cwlIAW ivcoN iek sI[

aus A`DI rwq ƒ cl ky gurU swihb qy is`KW dI vhIr kIrqpur qoN 12-13 iklomItr dUr ipMf nMgl rMGV (hux nMgl srsw) ivc pu`j geI ijQy isMGW Aqy phwVI qy muZl &OjW ivc zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ ies dOrwn gurU swihb Aqy 40-50 isMG ndI pwr kr gey [ gurU swihb Aqy kuJ igxy-cuxy is`K kotlw inhMg ipMf (nyVy ropV) v`l cly gey[ 6 dsMbr dw idn dw vkq au~Qy ibqwx mgroN gurU swihb Aqy kuJ is`K 7 dsMbr dI svyr vyly cmkOr pu`j gey[ cmkOr ivc vI ienHW is`KW ƒ srhMd dI &Oj dw twkrw krnw ipAw[ do swihbzwidAW Aqy 45 is`KW ny hzwrW dI igxqI ivc AweI muZl &Oj dw ft ky mukwblw kIqw[ rwq dw hnyrw psrn q`k ienHW ivcoN do swihbzwdy, pMjW ivcoN iqMn ipAwry Aqy 38 hor is`K ShwdqW pw cu`ky sn ienHW 38 is`KW ivc AnMd isMG vI Swiml sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AnMqw, BweI

1. BweI AnMqw gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly is`K pMQ ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ jdoN CyvyN pwiqSwh ny &Oj bxweI qW auh aus ivc Swiml ho igAw[ iek vwrI aus ny Srwrq nwl iek kW ƒ p`Qr mwirAw ijs nwl kW lMgVw ho igAw[ ies ’qy gurU swihb aus qoN nwrwz ho gey[ BweI AnMqw ny ies g`l ’qy idloN A&sos zwihr kIqw Aqy AwpxI Bu`l b^SvweI[ 13 ApRYl 1634 dy idn jdoN muZl &OjW ny AMimRqsr ’qy hmlw kr id`qw qW AnMqw hmlwvr &OjW dy i^lwP ft ky liVAw Aqy muZlW dy AwhU lwhuMdy hoey ShIdI jwm pI igAw.
2. gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy ^ws is`KW ivc iek BweI AnMqw (pu`qr BweI kuko vDwvn) hor vI hoieAw hY jo gurU swihb kol, mgroN, kIrqpur swihb ivc AwauNdw jWdw irhw sI[ ho skdw hY ik kW ƒ p`Qr mwrn vwlI khwxI ies AnMqw vDwvn dy nwl sbMD r`KdI hovy.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AnMqI, mwqw

btwlw (izlHw gurdwspur) vwsI BweI rwmw is`lH dI suKdyeI dy audr qoN jMmI bytI, ijs dI SwdI gurid`qw (pu`qr gurU hirgoibMd swihb) nwl 17 AprYl 1624 dy idn hoeI sI[ aus ny DIr m`l qy gurU hir rwie swihb nUM jnm id`qw sI[ aus dI mOq 29 sqMbr 1664 dy idn kIrqpur swihb ivc hoeI sI[ aus nUM mwqw n`qI, mwqw b`sI vI iliKAw imldw hY[ aunHW dw nW inhwl kOr iliKAw vI imldw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AMgd, gurU

is`KW dy dUjy gurU[ gurU AMgd swihb dw jnm, 31 mwrc 1504 dy idn m`qy dI srW (mukqsr qoN 12, &rIdkot qoN 13 qy kotkpUrw qoN 18 iklomItr dUr) ivc hoieAw sI[ Awp dw nW lihxw r`iKAw igAw sI[ ieh pirvwr ie`QoN aujV ky kuJ icr ibAws qy sqluj dirAwvW dy sMgm ‟qy vsy ipMf hrIky clw igAw qy kuJ icr mgroN KfUr (izlHw AMimRqsr) jw v`isAw[jnvrI 1520 ivc BweI lihxw (gurU AMgd swihb dw pihlw nW) dw ivAwh ipMf sMGr dy BweI dyvI cMd dI bytI (mwqw) KIvI nwl hoieAw[ Awp dy Gr do pu`qrW (1524 ivc dwsU qy 1537 ivc dwqU qy do DIAW (1526 ivc Amro qy 1535 ivc AxoKI) ny jnm ilAw[jd BweI lihxw KfUr swihb rihx lg pey qW iek idn aunHW dw myl BweI joD nW dy iek is`K nwl hoieAw[ BweI joD Aksr krqwrpur jw ky gurU nwnk swihb dI sMgq kirAw krdw sI[ ies kr ky aus nUM bhuq swrI bwxI vI zbwnI Xwd sI Aqy aus nUM is`K &ls&y dI vI cMgI sUJ sI[ BweI lihxw nUM ies BweI joD qoN is`KI Aqy gurbwxI bwry kw&I kuJ pqw lgdw rihMdw sI pr ie`q&wkn BweI joD kw&I icr krqwrpur nw jw sikAw ijs kr ky auh (lihxw) gurU nwnk swihb dy drSn vI nw kr sikAw[

1532 ivc iek vwr BweI lihxw Awpxy krm-kWf nUM inBwaux dI soc nwl kuJ swQIAW nUM nwl lY ky vYSno dyvI mMdr jwx vwsqy KfUr swihb qoN inklyy[ aunHW ny rwh ivc krqwrpur ivc pVwA krn dw PYslw kr ilAw[ies mOky ‟qy BweI lihxw ny gurU nwnk swihb dy drSn kIqy[ BweI lihxw ny gurU swihb nwl kw&I smW icr ivcwrW kIqIAW[ gurU swihb nwl ivcwrW krn mgroN BweI lihxw ny mihsUs kIqw ik bu`qW nUM m`Qy tyk ky auh isr& Awpxw vkq hI Krwb krdw irhw sI[ aus nUM krm kWfW dI &zUlqw dw Aihsws ho igAw[ gurU nwnk swihb nwl kIqI sMgq ny BweI lihxw dI izMdZI bdl ky rK idqI[ jd Agly idn aus dy swQIAW ny aus nUM Xwqrw dw Aglw pVwA SurU krn vwsqy ikhw qW BweI lihxw ny aunHW nUM ikhw ik „hux mYnUM iksy dyvI dI pUjw dI koeI loV nhIN, mYnUM rUhwnIAq dw s`cw rwh nzr Aw igAw hY[‟

hux BweI lihxw ny krqwrpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI syvw ivc rihxw SurU kr idqw[ ies swry smyN dOrwn BweI lihxw ny gurU nwnk swihb qoN Drm, rUhwnIAq, syvw, inmrqw, s`cw ie^lwk, ienswnIAq qy hor guxW dI isiKAw leI[ aus ‟qy is`KI jIvn qy is`K &ls&y dw rMg eynw cVH igAw ik gurU nwnk swihb aus nUM Awpxw iek AMg hI smJx lg pey[krqwrpur ivc rihMidAW BweI lihxw ny ij`Qy sMgqW dI syvw sMBwl kIqI, au~Qy gurU Gr dy ieMqzwm, drbwr dI syvw Aqy bwxI dI kQw ivc vI ih`sw pwieAw[ gurU nwnk swihb ny BweI lihxw dI sUJ-bUJ, rUhwnIAq Aqy syvw Bwvnw nUM vyK ky mihsUs kIqw ik auh syvw sMBwlx dy pUrI qrHW kwibl hY Aqy aunHW ny aus nUM ieh syvw dyx dw mn bxw ilAw[ pr ies sbMDI pUrw AYlwn krn qoN pihlW gurU nwnk swihb ny BweI lihxw dI sUJ-bUJ, is`K &ls&y dI smJ, rUhwnIAq, syvw Bwvnw dy keI krVy iemiqhwn ley qy BweI lihxw ny hr iek iemiqhwn Swn nwl pws kIqw[

gurU nwnk swihb ny AMgd swihb dy iemiqhwn auh nhIN ley sn ijnHW ivc ic`kV ivcoN bwtw cukxw, murdw Kwxw vZYrw Swiml kIqy jWdy hn blik aunHW (gurU AMgd swihb) dI sUJ bUJ, is`K &ls&y dI vwk&IAq, jQybMdk ^UbIAW qy S^sIAq dIAW hor ^UbIAW dy iemiqhwn sn[gurU nwnk swihb 7 sqMbr 1539 dy idn joqI-joiq smw gey qy ies mgroN BweI lihxw (ijnHW nUM gurU nwnk swihb “gurU AMgd swihb” bxw gey sn) ny gurg`dI dI izMmydwrI sMBwl leI[ Awp ny gurU nwnk swihb dIAW poQIAW sMBwl leIAW qy aunHW (gurU nwnk swihb) dI swrI duinAwvI dOlq qy swrw ipMf sRIcMd qy lKmI dws dy hvwly krn mgroN KfUr swihb cly gey ijQy aunHW ny is`KI dw nvW kyNdr kwiem kr ilAw[

gurU AMgd swihb ny lokW nUM aunHW dI bolI ivc igAwn dyx vwsqy pMjwbI zbwn dI pVHweI SurU krvweI[ gurU AMgd swihb ny gurU nwnk swihb qoN imlI aunHW dI AwpxI Aqy aunHW v`loN audwsIAW dOrwn ilAWdI Bgq bwxI nUM aunHW v`loN mukMml kIqI gurmuKI ilpI ivc ilKvwieAw[

ij`Qy gurU AMgd swihb ny lok bolI ivc ividAw dyxI SurU kIqI, au~Qy aunHW ny ividAw dw prcwr qy prswr vI SurU kIqw[ ies nwl lokW ivc ielm dw vI vwDw hoieAw qy nwl hI aunHW ivc AwpsI qwl-myl qy sMcwr vI sOKw ho igAw[

gurU AMgd swihb ny gurU nwnk swihb dI jnmswKI vI ilKvweI[ ies dw mksd ij`Qy qvwrI^ sMBwlxw sI au~Qy ies ^zwny nUM vrq ky Awaux vwly vyilAW vwsqy kOm nUM isDWqk sUJ dyxw vI sI[ jMgW qy zulmW dI hwlq kwrn is`K kOm aus qvwrI^ (Asl jnm swKI) nUM sMBwl nhIN skI[ ijhVI „bwly vwlI jnmswKI‟ A`j imldI hY auh jMifAwlw ksby dy hMdwlIAW (ibDIcMdIAW) dy Kot nwl BrpUr hY[

gurU AMgd swihb ny KfUr swihb nUM is`KI dy (krqwrpur qoN mgroN) nvyN mrkz (sYNtr) vjoN kwiem kIqw Aqy swry pwsy &YlIAW is`K sMgqW nUM ies sYNtr nwl joVn vwsqy auprwly kIqy[ aunHW keI ielwikAW dw dOrw vI kIqw ijs nwl iek qW sMgqW dw gurU swihb nwl is`Dw rwbqw vI bixAw Aqy nwl hI sMgqW dw AwpsI myl-jol vI viDAw[ KfUr swihb ivc is`K sYNtr kwiem kIqy jwx nwl sMgqW dw ivrwsq dI g`dI nwl juVn dw ^dSw vI nw irhw[ jy gurU AMgd swihb KfUr swihb nw jWdy qW krqwrpur Awaux vwly lokW ivcoN Swied kuJ Boly is`K gurU nwnk swihb dy audwsI pu`qr sRIcMd dy fyry dw ih`sw bx gey huMdy qy krqwrpur ivc iek hor fyrw „g`dI‟ vjoN kwiem ho igAw huMdw[

gurU AMgd swihb ny pMjwb dI DrqI ‟qy pihly is`K skUl dI nINh vI r`KI[ ieh pihlw skUl KfUr swihb ivc SurU kIqw igAw ij`Qy ipMf dy b`icAW nUM qwlIm idqI jWdI sI[ dUjy l&zW ivc gurU AMgd swihb pMjwb ivc AYjUkySnl lihr dy moFI vI sn[ Awp ny mdr`sy (skUl) nUM isr& il`pI Aqy ikqwbI ielm qk hI mihdUd (sImq) nhIN r`iKAw[ aunHW ny iek nroey ijsm, qgVy ju`sy qy jvwnI dy qvwzn (sMquln) nUM kwiem r`Kx vwsqy is`KI jIvn jwc ivc KyfW nUM vI pUrI AhmIAq idqI[ KyfW ij`Qy idl prcwvw hn au~Qy ienswn nUM ishqmMd r`Kx, vwDU vkq nUM shI qrIky nwl ibqwaux Aqy AwpsI BweIcwrw qy imlvrqx dI Bwvnw vDwaux ivc rol Adw krdw hY au~Qy ieh hMgwmI hwlqW dw twkrw krn vwsqy iek qkVw ijsm, ju`sw Aqy jwn vI bxwauNdw hY[ gurU AMgd swihb ny jvwnI nUM vDIAw qrIky nwl sMBwlx vwsqy, hor KyfW dy nwl-nwl, kuSqIAW dy mukwbly vI SurU krvwey Aqy ies vwsqy m`l-AKwVy (Kyf dy AKwVy/styfIAm) vI kwiem kIqy[ is`KW ivc rUhwnI qwkq, mwnisk joS Aqy ijsmwnI qwkq dw qvwzun kwiem krn ivc ienHW m`l-AKwiVAW” dw vI brwbr dw rol sI[ dunIAW dI qvwrI^ ivc KfUr swihb Swied pihlw ividAk/Dwrimk sports sYNtr sI[

ienHW mdr`isAW nwl gurU swihb dy smyN dI iek hor Gtnw vI juVI hoeI hY[ jd, jUn 1540 ivc, knOj dy mYdwn ivc muZl bwdSwh hmwXUM nUM Syr Swh sUr ny hrwieAw qW auh jwn bcw ky Kurwswn nUM B`j ipAw[ auh rsqy ivc goieMdvwl kol ibAws

dirAw dw p`qx pwr krn vyly (pihlI julweI 1540 nUM) KfUr sihb (jo goieMdvwl dy nyVy hI sI) vI igAw qW jo auh gurU AMgd swihb qoN ASIrvwd lY sky[ pr jd auh (hmwXUM) au~Qy pu`jw qW gurU swihb b`icAW nUM pVHw rhy sn qy ies kr ky aunHW aus vl iDAwn nw idqw[ ies ‟qy gu`sy ivc Aw ky aus ny AwpxI qlvwr k`F leI[ gurU swihb ny aus ikhw, “Eey mrdw! ieh qlvwrW mYdwny-jMg ivc hI vrqIdIAW hn?” ies jvwb nwl hmwXUM nUM SrimMdw qW hoieAw hI pr nwl hI aus nUM ieh Aihsws vI hoieAw ik is`K iksy bwdSwhI, AmIrI, nvwbI, qwkq dw haUAw nhIN mMndy qy is`K infr, dlyr Aqy iek spSt soc vwly ienswn hn[

gurU AMgd swihb ny smwj syvw dy AnykW pRwjYkt h`QW ivc lY ky, gurU nwnk swihb dy, is`K nUM smwj dw jmHW-p`KI AMg bxwaux dy, &ls&y nUM AmlI jwmw pihxwieAw[ aunHW dw sbk sI ik smwj syvw Aqy ienswnI BlweI dIAW kwrvweIAW qoN rihq is`K ADUrw hY. (qsvIr: KfUr ipMf dw iek nzwrw):

AMgd ‘dyv’ kuJ ilKwrI gurU AMgd swihb dy nW nwl “dyv” ilKdy hn[ Aijhy lok gurU nwnk swihb Aqy gurU Arjn swihb dy nW nwl vI “dyv” ilKdy hn[ ieh iblkul Zlq hY[ gurU nwnk swihb, gurU AMgd swihb qy gurU Arjn swihb ivcoN iksy dy nW nwl “dyv” kdy vI nhIN lgdw sI qy ieh ilKx dI rIq kuJ ku duhwikAW dI hY ies ip`Cy koeI Srwrq sI jW Anjwxqw-ieh qW vwihgurU hI jwxn[ pr ieh Zlq rIq AijhI c`lI ik „sRI‟ dI vrqoN vWg „dyv‟ vI is`KW ivc vVdw qy mnzUr huMdw clw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Ank isMG 

BweI Ank isMG ny 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn cmkOr ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[Ank isMG dw jnm 7 mwrc 1668 dy idn BweI mnI isMG dy Gr ipMf AlIpur (izlHw muz`&rgVH, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dy dwdw BweI mweIdws, pVdwdw ShId BweI b`lU prmwr dy prvwr is`K pMQ nwl gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN Aqy nwnw BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy pirvwr is`K pMQ nwl gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly qoN juVy hoey sn[ ienHW pirvwrW ny gurU swihb dIAW bhuq swrIAW lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI Aqy keIAW ny ShIdIAW hwisl kIqIAW sn[

Ank isMG BweI mnI isMG dw cOQw v`fw bytw sI[Ank isMG qy aus dy cwr hor BrwvW ƒ aunHW dy ipqw BweI mnI isMG jI ny gurU jI ƒ „Byt‟ kr id`qw hoieAw sI [ ieh pMjy gurU Gr dI syvw kirAw krdy sn qy AnMdpur swihb hI irhw krdy sn[ jdoN gurU swihb ny Kwlsw prgt kIqw qW pMj ipAwirAW Aqy pMj mukiqAW qoN bwAd pihly j`Qy ivc aus ny pwhul leI sI Aqy Ank dws qoN Ank isMG bixAw sI[aus ny gurU swihb dIAW swrIAW lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[

5 Aqy 6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny AnMdpur swihb C`ifAw qW Ank isMG qy 39 hor is`KW ny gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg rihx dw pRx kIqw[ ienHW cwlIAW ƒ „AnMdpur swihb dy cwlI mukqy‟ AwK ky cyqy kIqw jWdw hY[ aus rwq Ank isMG gurU swihb dy nwl tury Aqy kIrqpur Aqy srsw ndI pwr krn mgroN kotlw inhMg pu`jy[ ieQoN Awp 7 dsMbr dI svyr ƒ cmkOr pu`jy[ iesy idn dupihr vyly mlyrkotlw dI &Oj ny cmkOr dI gVHI, ij`Qy auh swry isMG Tihry hoey sn, ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ kuJ icr mgroN hI is`KW qy qurkW ivc zbrdsq lVweI SurU ho geI[ do-do isMG gVHI ‟coN inkl ky mlyrkotly dy nvwb dIAW SwhI &OjW dy dl nwl jUJdy rhy[Ank isMG SurU-SurU ivc inkl ky lVweI krn vwilAW ivcoN iek sI[aus ny gVHI dy drvwzy dy bwhr keI GVIAW ^Ub ikrpwn vwhI Aqy qurk &OjW dy AwhU lwhy[ duSmxW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwridAW-auqwridAW Ank isMG Awp vI A^Ir ShId ho igAw[

Ank isMG ny AwpxI swrI izMdgI gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI syvw ivc ibqw id`qI[ Ank isMG, aus dy BrwvW, ipqw qy hor irSqydwrW dw gurU swihb nwl bVw in`Gw ipAwr sI[ gurU swihb ny qW Ank isMG Aqy aus dy cwr BrwvW ƒ Awpxy “&rzMdy ^ws” (byty) AYlwinAw hoieAw sI qy ies sbMDI iek hukmnwmw (^q) vI jwrI kIqw hoieAw sI[

Ank isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:“Ank isMG, Ajb isMG, Ajwieb isMG, byty mnI isMG ky…., poh idn AwT, swl sqrW sY bwsT cmkOr ky mlHwn prgnw ropV, gurU ky byty juJwr isMG gYl, swmHy mwQy rx myN jUJ kr mry[ gYloN ikrpw isMG snmuK isMG byty AVU rwm ky, BwrdvwjI goqRy muMJwl, d`q bRwhmx, mwry gey[” (B`t vhI ibMjlauNqo kI Kwqw jlHwnoN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AxoK isMG

BweI AxoK isMG (pu`qr BweI m`Kx isMG, ipMf viVMg soBw isMG, izlHw AMimRqsr) bbr Kwlsw dw iek srgrm syvwdwr sI qy AKMf kIrqnI jQw dy BweI &Ojw isMG dw swQI sI[ 1978 qoN clI KwVkU lihr dw auh iek muK kwrkuMn sI[auh jQydwr qlivMdr isMG knyfw dw swQI irhw sI[puls ny aus nUM 12 jnvrI 1987 dy idn fyhloN dy nyiVEN igR&qwr kr ilAw[ pr 13 &rvrI dy idn jd aus nUM luiDAwxw nyVy iek Adwlq ivc pyS kIqw jw irhw sI qW aus dy swQI aus nUM Cufw ky lY gey[ puls ny Cy mhIny mgroN 20 Agsq 1987 dy idn aus nUM Pyr igR&qwr kr ilAw[ AYs.AYs.pI. iezhwr Awlm* dy hukm ’qy Aqy aus dI ingrwnI hyT puls ny aus nUM pUrw h&qw zwlmwnw qsIhy id`qy[ aus nUM keI idn pu`Ty ltkwieAw igAw[ ies dy bwvjUd jd auh nw foilAw qW A`g ivc lwl kIqIAW lohy dIAW slwKW aus dI CwqI, iF`f qy p`tW ivc coB id`qIAW geIAW qy iPr aus dy gupq AMg Aqy hor ih`isAW ivc lohy dIAW ipMnW Tok ky aunHW rwhIN ibjlI dy krMt lwey gey[ ies mgroN lwl grm slwKW nwl aus dIAW dovyN A`KW k`F id`qIAW geIAW[ 29 qwrI^ dI swm vyly qk aus dw ijsm ADmoieAw ho cukw sI pr ies dy bwvjUd aus ny m`Dm Awvwz ivc rihrws dw pwT krnw SurU kr id`qw[ jd pwT ^qm hoieAw qW aus ny &qih dw jYkwrw C`ifAw jo iek zwlm pulsIey ny sux ilAw qy aus ny Aw ky AxoK isMG dI jIB v`F id`qI[ Agly idn 30 Agsq nUM aus nUM nklI mukwblw idKw ky ShId kr id`qw igAw[

(*2012 ivc ies zwlm pulsIey iezhwr Awlm dI bIvI nUM pRkwS isMG bwdl ny AkwlI dl v`loN AYm.AYl.ey. bxw ky pwrlImYNtrI sYktrI bxw id`qw Aqy vzIr dw drjw id`qw[ mgroN sqMbr 2014 ivc suKbIr bwdl ny ies zwlm pulsIey iezhwr Awlm nUM SRomxI AkwlI dl dw mIq pRDwn vI bxwieAw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AxoKI, bIbI

gurU AMgd swihb qy mwqw KIvI dy qIjy b`cy (v`fy dwqU qy Amro) qy CotI bytI dw jnm 1535 ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dI SwdI sUrI prvwr ivc hoeI sI[ aus bwry ies qoN vD hor jwxkwrI nhIN imldI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AnUp kOr

bicqr nwtk (ijs nUM kuJ lok dsmgRMQ vI kihMdy hn) ivclI sB qoN lMmI rcnw ‘cirqropwKXwn’, jo kwm KyfW, swizSW qy jurm dIAW khwxIAW nwl BrI hoeI hY, ivc kuJ khwxIAW (16, 21, 22 qy 23) gurU goibMd isMG dI S^sIAq nwl joVIAW hoeIAW hn[ ienHW khwxIAW ivc iek pwqr AnUp kOr d`sI hoeI hY[ ies sbMDI imlI-julI khwxI ivc disAw igAw hY ik AnUp kOr nUM iksy (kImqI) mMqr dI jwxkwrI sI[ AnMdpur dy ‘rwey’ (Xwin gurU goibMd isMG) ny aus mMqr nUM hwisl krnw cwihAw qW AnUp kOr ny aus nUM rwq nUM aus dy Gr Aw ky hwisl krn vwsqy ikhw[ ies ’qy iek rwq auh ‘rwey’ (gurU goibMd isMG) AnUp kOr dy Gr clw igAw[ khwxI muqwibk jd ‘rwey’ ny AnUp kOr nUM (srIrk qOr ’qy) ^uS nw kIqw qW aus ny cor-cor dw rOlw pw id`qw[ rOlw sux ky lok aus dy Gr Aw gey qy rwey nUM bhuq ku`itAw[ A^Ir auh ‘rwey’ AwpxI ju`qI qy p`g Cf ky B`j igAw[ Aglyidn aus ‘rwey’ (gurU goibMd isMG) ny AnUp kor nUM drbwr ivc bulw ky aus qoN muAw&I mMgI qy vIh hzwr rupY iCmwhI pYnSn vI lw id`qI (eynI pYnSn qW muZl bwdSwh dy pRweIm minstr dI vI nhIN sI)[ ies khwxI ivc bhuq swrIAW mhwn g`pW BrIAW hoeIAW hn, pr ieh zrUr spSt huMdw hY ik gurU nUM mMqr is`Kx dw SOk sI qy auh AYnI v`fI rkm aus GtIAw AOrq nUM pYnSn vjoN dy skdw sI[ ieh SryAwm gurU dI byiezqI hY[AijhI rcnw, Xwin bicqr nwtk (dsmgRMQ) nUM gurU rcnw ds ky gurU dI bdnwmI vI krdy hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AnUp isMG DwlIvwl

BweI AnUp isMG 8 AkqUbr 1700 dy ShIdW ivcoN iek sI[ auh dunI cMd msMd dw poqw sI[ dunI cMd iksy vyly mwJy dw msMd QwipAw hoieAw sI[ dunI cMd BweI swlHo dw poqw sI[ BweI swlHo ny gurU Gr dI bVI syvw kIqI sI[

Agsq 1700 ivc jdoN iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny AnMdpur ’qy hmlw kIqw qW dunI cMd AnMdpur swihb ivc hI sI[ pihlI sqMbr 1700 ƒ jdoN phwVI rwijAW ny iklHw lohgVH dw drvwzw qoVn vwsqy iek SrwbI hwQI ƒ Byjx dI qrkIb bxweI qW gurU swihb ny ies dunI cMd ƒ ies hwQI dw mukwblw krn vwsqy AwiKAw[ frdw mwrw dunI cMd rwqo-rwq AnMdpur swihb qoN dOV igAw sI[ Gr phuMcx qoN CyqI mgroN hI aus dI s`p dy fMgx nwl mOq ho geI sI[ mwJy ivc dunI cMd dI bVI bdnwmI ho rhI sI[ ies kr ky dunI cMd dy do poqy AnUp isMG Aqy srUp isMG aucycy qOr ’qy AnMdpur swihb pu`jy Aqy gurU swihb qoN dunI cMd dI hrkq dI muAw&I mMgI[

BwvyN dunI cMd ny buzidlI idKweI sI Aqy frdy mwry B`j igAw sI pr aus dy poqy bVy dlyr, bhwdr Aqy jMgjU qbIAq dy joDy sn[ auh AnMdpur swihb Aqy gurU swihb dI syvw ivc rihx l`g pey[ jdoN gurU swihb AnMdpur C`f ky kIrqpur dy nyVy ipMf hrdo inrmoh (inrmohgVH dI phwVI) ’qy cly gey qW auh dovyN vI gurU swihb dy nwl hI rhy[ 8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn jdoN iblwspur dy rwjw Ajmyr cMd ny v`fI &Oj lY ky inrmohgVH ’qy hmlw kr id`qw qW AnUp isMG ny hor swQI isMGW nwl rl ky phwVI &OjW dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw[ ies vyly bVI zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc AnUp isMG ny bhwdrI dy ^Ub jOhr idKwey[ aus ny h`Qo-h`Q lVweI ivc bhuq swry phwVI &OjIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw Aqy A^Ir Awp vI ShIdI jwm pI igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AnUp isMG rwTOr

BweI AnUp isMG (qy aus dw v`fw Brw pRsMn isMG qy in`kw vIr ikhr isMG) 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc 37 hor isMGW nwl ShId kIqy gey sn[pRsMn isMG, AnUp isMG Aqy ikhr isMG, BweI AjIq isMG dy byty, BweI qyZw dy poqry Aqy BweI suKIAw mWfn dy pVpoqy sn[ ieh rwTOr rwjpUq ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdy sn[ ienHW dy pirvwr ivcoN G`to-G`t 9 jxy 1710 q`k ShIdIAw pw cu`ky sn[

1710 ivc muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dy hukm ’qy ienHW ƒ ienHW dy v`fy Brw pRsMn isMG qy Coty Brw ikhr isMG dy nwl igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ ienHW ƒ muslmwn bxwaux vwsqy lwlc id`qy gey pr jdoN ienHW ny Drm C`fx qoN nWh kr id`qI qW ienHW ƒ qsIhy dyxy SurU kr id`qy gey[ jdoN lgwqwr iqMn mhIny dy Gor qsIhy vI aunHW ƒ fulHw nw sky qW aunHW iqMnW BrwvW qy 37 hor isMGW ƒ Awlovwl ipMf dy bwhr ijaUNidAW ƒ hI zmIn ivc g`f ky ShId kr id`qw igAw. hor vyKo: pRsMn isMG rwTOr, sihj isMG cOhwn, jIqw isMG, suKIAw mWfn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Ardmn isMG bwgVIAW

BweI Ardmn isMG (20.9.1899 – 25.12.1976) pu`qr BweI Arjn isMG dw jnm bwgVIAW (izlHw sMgrUr) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh gurUAW dy vroswey BweI rUp cMd dy ^wndwn ivcoN sI[ aus dy ipqw BweI ikSn isMG qy cwcw BweI nrYx isMG nUM is`K irAwsqW (^ws kr ky pitAwlw qy nwBw) bhuq mwx dyNdIAW sn[Ardmn isMG nUM pVHn ilKx dw bhuq SOk sI[ aus ny 1918 ivc Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr qoN bI.ey. dI ifgrI hwisl kiqI[ 1923 ivc aus nUM AwnryrI mYijstryt lw id`qw igAw[ auh bhuq jgh ’qy is`K Drm Aqy &ls&y bwry lYkcr idAw krdw sI[ kuJ smW vwsqy auh gurduAwrw isMG sBw iSmlw dw pRDwn vI irhw sI[ 1973 ivc jd isMG sBw SqwbdI kmytI bxweI geI qW aus nUM bhuq mwx id`qw igAw[ auh swry dy swry bicqr nwtk (AKOqI dsm gRMQ) nUM gurU rcnw mMnx dw ivroDI sI. (qsvIr: Ardmn isMG bwgVIAW):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Arjn isMG bwgVIAW

BweI Arjn isMG (1875 – 8.11.1946) pu`qr BweI ikSn isMG dw jnm bwgVIAW (izlHw sMgrUr) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh gurUAW dy vroswey BweI rUp cMd dy ^wndwn ivcoN sI[ aus dy ipqw BweI ikSn isMG qy cwcw BweI nrYx isMG nUM is`K irAwsqW (^ws kr ky pitAwlw qy nwBw) bhuq mwx dyNdIAW sn[ Awm is`KW ivc vI auh moihqbr qy ivdvwn jwxy jWdy sn[ jd 30 Akqubr 1902 dy idn cI& Kwlsw dIvwn kwiem hoieAw qW Arjn isMG bwgVIAW nUM ies dw pihlw pRDwn cuixAw igAw sI[ 1916 ivc brqwnvI srkwr ny aus nUM ‘srdwr bhwdr’ dw i^qwb id`qw sI[ aus dI mOq 1946 ivc bwgVIAW ipf ivc hoeI sI. hor vyKo: Ardmn isMG bwgVIAW, rUp cMd, Drm isMG, prm isMG. (qsvIr: Arjn isMG bwgVIAW):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Arjn isMG cwhl

BweI Arjn isMG (1839 – 1908) ipMf cwhl dw vwsI sI[ auh brqwnvI hkUmq ivc sInIAr A&sr sI[ auh kuJ smW AwnryrI mYijstryt, j`j, imaUNspl borf dw pRDwn, pMjwb XUnIvristI dw &Ylo Aqy drbwr swihb dw mYnyjr vI irhw[ jd drbwr swihb ivc ibjlI leaux vwsqy kmytI bxweI geI qW aus nUM ies kmytI dw pRDwn bxwieAw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Arjn isMG cI& eyAr mwrSl

Arjn isMG (15.4.1919 – 16.9.2017) dw jnm lwielpur (hux PYslwbwd, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI (aus dw ipqw aus dy dwdw qy pVdwdw vI brqwnvI &Oj ivc syvw krdy rhy sn)[ 1938 ivc auh brqwnIAw dI BwrqI eyAr &ors ivc bqOr BrqI ho igAw qy 1939 ivc pwielt A&sr bx igAw[1970 qk syvw krdw irhw[ aus ny dUjI v`fI jMg (1939-45) Aqy pwiksqwn nwl 1947-48 Aqy 1965 dIAW lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw[ pihlI Agsq 1964 dy idn aus nUM cI& Aw& eyAr stw& bxwieAw igAw sI[ 1966 ivc aus nUM eyAr cI& mwrSl bxwieAw igAw[

irtwiermYNt mgroN aus nUM sivtzrlYNf ivc AMbYsfr (1971), kInIAw ivc hweI kimSnr (1974-77), mYNbr mwienwrtI kimSn (1975-81), id`lI dw lY&tInYnt gvrnr (1989-90) bxwieAw igAw[ 26 jnvrI 2002 dy idn aus nUM mwrSl Aw& eyAr &ors bxwieAw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Arjn isMG gVg`j

BweI Arjn isMG (1905– 10.1.1963) pu`qr BweI suMdr isMG dw jnm qrnqwrn ivc hoieAw sI[ jd auh CyvIN ivc pVHdw sI qW aus ny brqwnvI JMfy ‘XUnIAn jYk’ nUM slwmI dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI sI ijs ’qy aus nUM skUl ivcoN k`F id`qw igAw sI[ 1920 ivc jd gurduAwrw suDwr lihr c`lI qW auh ies ivc Swiml ho igAw[ ikauN ik auh kivqwvW ilKdw sI ies kr ky aus dw kwiv-nwm (aup-nW) aus dy nW dw ih`sw bx igAw[ 1922 ivc aus nUM AMgryzI srkwr dy i^lw& iek kivqw ilKx kwrn kYd kr id`qw igAw[ 1923 ivc aus nUM Pyr kYd kr id`qw igAw qy auh 1926 qk jylH ivc irhw[ irhw hox mgroN auh ‘ikrqI’ irswly dw sb AYfItr bx igAw[ aus nUM aus dIAW ilKqW kwrn 1929, 1930, 1937 qy 1939 ivc vI igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI; ieM\ aus ny bhuq swl jylHW ivc ibqwey[ aus ny ‘do pYr Gt turnw’, ‘ShId dy bol’, ‘myrw Apxw Awp’ (svY jIvnI) ikqwbW vI ilKIAW[ auh bhuq swl ‘nvW zmwnw’ A^bwr dw AYfItr vI irhw[ auh iek dlyr qy iemwndwr S^s Aqy sMjIdw smwj syvk vI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Arjn isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

BweI Arjn isMG (1889 – 1915) dw jnm ipMf KuKrwxw (zlHw &Irozpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ jd auh jvwn hoieAw qW AmrIkw clw igAw[ jd au~Qy Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI qW auh ies dw srgrm kwrkuMn bx igAw[ jd pwrtI ny AzwdI dw ibgl vwieAw qW auh 1914 ivc pMjwb Aw igAw qy pwrtI dIAW srgrmIAW ivc Swiml ho igAw[ aus ny shuM cu`kI hoeI sI ik jd qk mulk Awzwd nhIN ho jWdw auh Gr nhIN prqygw[ iek idn auh mogw ivc iek bwzwr ivcoN lMG ihw sI qW aus ny Awpxy Brw nUM auDr AwauNdw vyK ilAw qy auh lu`k igAw qW jo ikqy aus dw Brw aus nUM Gr nw lY jwvy[ Zdr dw v`fw AYkSn 21 &rvrI 1915 dy idn SurU hoxw sI, pr srkwrI mu^br ikrpwl isMG kwrn ies nUM iek idn AgwaUN krn dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ ikrpwl ismG nUM ies dw pqw lg igAw qW aus ny puls nUM ^br kr id`qI ijs nwl bhuq swry vrkr PVy gey[ aus idn auh bwzwr ivc tWgy ’qy svwr ho ky AnwrklI bwzwr ivcoN jw irhw sI qW iek hvwldwr ny tWgy vwly nUM tWgw rokx vwsqy ikhw[ aus vyly aus kol BrI hoeI bMdUk sI[ aus ny aus nwl hvwldwr nUM mwr id`qw qy B`jx dI koiSS kIqI[ eyny ivc hor puls pu`j geI qy auh PiVAw igAw[ ies kys ivc aus nUM &WsI id`qI geI sI[aus bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik &WsI qoN pihlW aus dI mW aus nUM imlx AweI qy ikhw ik hux qYnUM &WsI imlxI hY, mYN qYnUM ikvyN vyK skWgI[ ies ‘’qy aus ny ikhw qUM vI iek brqwnvI A&sr nUM mwr dyeIN qYnUM vI &WsI hoeygI qy AwpW svrgW ivc iPr iml pvWgy.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)