Archives: Sikhs Biographies Punjabi

hrBgq isMG nwrMgvwl

igAwnI hrBgq isMG nwrMgvwl (28.2.1901-30.4.1994) pu`qr BweI ieMdr isMG dw jnm nwrMgvwl (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny Awpxw jIvn 1927 ivc iek AiDAwpk dy qOr ’qy SurU kIqw sI[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI 1939 ivc brqwnvI srkwr dy i^lw& qkrIr krn kr ky hoeI sI[ kUikAW (AKOqI nwmDwrIAW) v`loN gurU gRMQ swihb dI qOhIn krn vwlw pqrw pwT SurU krn dI hrkq dy i^lw& 1942 qoN 1945 dy ivckwr ‘kUkw ku&r qoV’ nW hyT keI kwn&rMsW hoeIAW sn (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: ‘mwlvw ieiqhws’)[ auh ienHW swrIAW kwn&rMsW ivc styj sk`qr sI[ 1952 ivc auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 1955 dy pMjwbI sUbw izMdwbwd morcw ivc aus nUM keI mhIny jylH ivc rihxw ipAw[ ies mgroN aus ny bhuqw smW AKMf kIrqn jQw dI syvw kridAW ibqwieAw qy isAwsq qoN auh qkrIbn dUr hI irhw[

1979 ivc hrBgq isMG dl Kwlsw nwl ivc Swiml ho igAw[ dl Kwlsw ny is`K stUfYNts &YfrySn nwl iml ky SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dIAW 1979 dIAW coxW lVIAW[ aus nUM ienHW coxW ivc pwrlImYNtrI borf dw cyArmYn cuixAw igAw[ ies dy nwl hI aus nUM (BweI mihMdr isMG id`lI v`loN AsqI&w dyx kwrn ^wlI hoeI pMjvIN QW vwsqy) dl Kwlsw dw muK pMc vI cux ilAw igAw[ pihlI meI 1979 dy idn dl Kwlsw nUM ZYr kwnUMnI krwr dy id`qw igAw qW aus ny ies jQybMdI qoN iknwrw kr ilAw qy AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho igAw[ aus ny 1982 dy Drm XuD morcw ivc igR&qwrI vI id`qI[ 1988 ivc aus nUM muV igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ 1994 ivc auh bImwr pY igAw Aqy aus nUM pI.jI.AweI ivc dwi^l krvwieAw igAw ij`Qy auh cVHweI kr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrbMs isMG srhwlw klW

igAwnI hrbMs isMG srhwlw klW (? – 3.4.1944) pu`qr BweI Kym isMG hvwldwr dw jnm srhwlw Kurd (izlHw huiSAwpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ 1923 ivc auh bbr AkwlI lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw[aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky iqMn swl kYd dI szw id`qI geI[ 1930 ivc aus ny isvl nw &urmwnI lihr ivc ih`sw ilAw Aqy iek swl kYd k`tI[ irhweI mgroN aus ny ‘jug pltwaU dl’ dy nW hyT iek jQybMdI bxw ky AwzwdI dI lihr ivc ih`sw pwauxw SurU kIqw[ srkwr ny aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky ipMf ivc hI nzrbMd kr id`qw[ CyqI hI ipMf C`f igAw[ srkwr ny aus dI igR&qwrI vwsqy eInwm dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ aus nUM 1943 ivc igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr dy iklHy ivc kYd kr id`qw igAw[ ie`QoN aus ’qy ‘kwlkw golI kWf’ Aqy ‘krqwrpur kql kys’ hyT muk`dmy clwey gey Aqy &WsI dI szw suxweI geI[ aus nUM lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI ’qy ltkwieAw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrbMs isMG pRo&Ysr

pRo&Ysr hrbMs isMG (6.3.1921 – 30.5.1998) pu`qr BweI rwm lwl dw jnm ipMf koTw gurU (izlHw biTMfw) ivc hoieAw sI[ AMgryzI dI AYm.ey. krn mgroN 1943 ivc auh Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr qy 1944 ivc brijMdrw kwlj &rIdkot ivc AMgryzI dw lYkcrr lg igAw[ 1958 ivc auh mukqsr kwlj dw ipMsIpl bixAw[ 1962 ivc jd pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw kwiem kIqI geI qW auh ies dw rijstrwr bixAw[ 1968 ivc auh hwrvrf XUnIvristI ivc ivzIitMg &Ylo dy qOr ‟qy irhw[ 1969 ivc aus nUM pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw ivc irlIjIAs st`fIz mihkmy dw muKI lwieAw igAw[ 1972 ‟c aus ny „is`K AYnsweIklopIfIAw‟ dw pRwjYkt SurU kIqw[ ies dOrwn 1977 ivc aus nUM vweIs cWslr dw Ahudw pyS kIqw igAw pr aus ny is`K AYnsweIklopIfIAw nUM pUrw krn qk koeI Ahudw kbUl krn qoN nWh kr id`qI[is`K AYnsweIklopIfIAw dI pihlI ijld 1994 ivc CpI Aqy 1998 ivc cOQI qy Aw^rI ijld (aunHW dy cVHweI krn qoN mgroN) 1998 ivc CpI sI[

pRo&Ysr hrbMs isMG AMgryzI zbwn dw bhuq v`fw mwihr sI[ aus ny bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW vI ilKIAW qy bhuq swry mulkW dw dOrw vI kIqw ij`Qy aus ny is`K Drm bwry lYkcr vI kIqy[ aus dIAW muK ikqwbW : hYrItyj Aw& d is`Kz, guru nwnk AYNf d Eirjn Aw& is`K &yQ, guru goibMd isMG, BweI vIr isMG, brkly lYkcrz Aw`n isKiezm[ sMn 1992 ivc nwrvy qoN Cpdy rIsrc jnrl „d isKz: pwst AYNf prYzMt‟ ny Awpxw iek AMk “AYsyz ien Aw`nr Aw& pRo&Ysr hrbMs isMG” aus dy mwx ivc CwipAw[ mgroN pRo. Drm isMG ny vI iesy nW ‟qy iek ikqwb aus dy snmwn vjoN CwpI[ 17 Agsq 1992 dy idn SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDwn ny aus dy Gr ivc Aw ky aus dw snmwn kIqw[ aus dw bytw AmrIkw ivc ivAwihAw hoieAw sI[ aus dI lVkI (in`kI guinMdr kOr) vI AmrIkw dy sUby myAn dy iek ngr vwtrivl dy iek kwlj ivc nOkrI krdI sI[ mgroN aus dy byty ny dwVHI ktvw leI Aqy aus dI DI ny Awpxy is`K pqI nUM qlwk dy ky iek gory iesweI nwl SwdI kr leI[ ies sdmy nUM auh brdwSq nw kr sikAw qy aus ‟qy ADrMg dw hmlw hoieAw[ aus ny Awpxw Aw^rI smW bhuq qklI& ivc ibqwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrbMs isMG AtwrI

hrbMs isMG AtwrI (1878- 24.6.1936) s. AjIq isMG dw pu`qr Aqy mhwn jrnYl s. Swm isMG AtwrIvwlw dw poqw sI[ auh Dwrimk Aqy smwijk kMmW ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw ilAw krdw sI[ auh kuJ smW isMG sBw lihr nwl vI sbMDq irhw[ 1903 ivc auh cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dw ih`sw bx igAw[ iesy swl aus ny cI& Kwlsw dIvwn nUM iek XqIm^wnw (Aj-klH sYNtrl XqIm^wnw) KolHx vwsqy slwh id`qI ijs ivc mgroN bhuq swry XqIm b`icAW nUM r`iKAw igAw[

1905 ivc suMdr isMG mjIiTAw Aqy hrbMs isMG AtwrI ny hI ipMfW ivc Drm pRcwr vwsqy jQy Byjy sn qy aunHW ny hI 1907 ivc (AKOq) p`CVI zwq dy BweI mihqwb isMG bIr rwhIN “Kwlsw brwdrI kwrj swDk dl” bxw ky AKOqI pCVIAW zwqW ivc is`KI dw prcwr krvwieAw sI[ ienHW dohW dIAW koiSSW nwl hI 1908 ivc qrnqwrn ivc pihlw is`K imSnrI kwlj KoilHAw igAw sI Aqy ienHW ny hI isMD ivc is`K Drm dy pRcwr vwsqy jQy vI Byjy sn[ ienHW ny „Kwlsw hYNfibl soswietI‟ bxw ky sYNkVy trYkt Cwp ky qy vMf ky is`KI dw pRcwr kIqw sI[

12 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn jd is`KW ny drbwr swihb nUM mhMqW qoN Awzwd krvw ilAw Aqy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI blwaux vwsqy 15 nvMbr 1920 dy idn vwsqy „srbq Kwlsw‟ dy nW ‟qy iek`T bulw ilAw qW ies qoN do idn pihlW, 13 nvµbr dy idn, mhwrwjw Buipµdrw isµG (pitAwlw), suµdr isµG mjITw, inhwl isµG pitAwlw, bicqr isµG jINd, rGbIr isµG sµDWvwlIAw, sohx isµG rwvlipµfI, q^q isµG iProzpur, suµdr isµG rwmgVHIAw, Pqih isµG gRµQI, iSvdyv isµG isAwlkot, imhr isµG lwhOr, mwn isµG Aµbwlw Aqy pRo: joD isµG pµjwb dy gvrnr ƒ imly[ aunHW swirAW ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbµDk kmytI dI kwiemI ƒ rokx dI skIm bxweI[ ies dy pihly kdm vjoN gvrnr pµjwb ny gurduAwrw ieµqzwm vwsqy iek 36 mYNbrI kmytI dw AYlwn kr id`qw[

 

ies kmytI ivc hyT ilKy Swiml sn: 1. mhwrwjw Buipµdrw isµG 2. inhwl isµG j`j pitAwlw 3. bicqr isµG j`j jINd 4. ibAµq isµG j`j nwBw 5. pUrn isµG kpUrQlw 6. ieµdr isµG &rIdkot 7. Bwg isµG klsIAw 8. &qih isµG gRµQI AµimRqsr 9. imhr isµG lwhOr 10. suµdr isµG mjITw 11. hrbµs isµG AtwrI 12. bGyl isµG B`lw 13. b^qwvr isµG kwlgVH 14. suµdr isµG rwmgVHIAw 15. q^q isµG &Irozpur 16. gurb^S isµG pitAwlw 17. kYptn rwm isµG luiDAwxw 18. BweI joD isµG 19.iSvdyv isµG 20. rwjw isµG ipSwvr 21. mwn isµG Aµbwlw 22. au~jl isµG 23. dIdwr isµG AµimRqsr 24. bwbw KVk isµG 25. ikhr isµG p`tI 26. fw. gurbKS isµG AµimRqsr 27. bhwdr isµG Givµf 28. hrcµd isµG lwielpurI 29. qyjw isµG
burj 30. qIrQ isµG GrjwK 31. it`kw rwm nwrwiex isµG[ ienHW 31 qoN ielwvw inhµgW dy muKI vI Swiml hoxy sn[ ies 36 mYNbrI kmytI dy pRDwn hrbµs isµG AtwrI hoxy sn[ srkwr vloN nwmzd kIqy 36 mYNbrW ivcoN do-iqhweI qoN v`D srkwr dy KuSwmdI sn[ ienHW ivcoN Gto-Gt 25 mYNbr qW AµimRqDwrI vI nhIN sn[ pr 14-15 nvMbr dI rwq nUM ies kmytI dy bhuq swry mYNbr AMimRqsr puj gey qy aunHW ny Agly idn hox vwlI mukMml kmytI dI cox vwsqy rzwmMdI zwihr kIqI[ 15 nvMbr nUM SRomxI kmytI dI cox kIqI geI[ies ivc srkwr dy nwmzd 36 mYNbr vI Swiml kr ley gey[ies SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbµDk kmytI dy jQydwr (pRDwn) dI cox vwsqy mIitµg Agly idn hoeI[ ies iek`T ivc 175 ivcoN isr& 61 mYˆbr hwzr sn[pRDwngI vwsqy suµdr isµG mjITIAw, hrbµs isµG AtwrI qy BweI joD isµG dy nW pyS kIqy gey[ hwizr mYNbrW ivc bhuqy mjITIey dy ihmwieqI sn[ aunHW ny ieh bhwnw lwieAw ik suµdr isµG mjITw ny CyqI hI vwiesrwey dI AYZzYkitv kONsl dy mYNbr bx jwxw hY qy isr& audoN q`k aunHW ƒ pRDwn cux ilAw jwvy[ieh hiQAwr kwmXwb hoieAw qy mjITw pRDwn, hrbµs isµG AtwrI mIq pRDwn, suMdr isMG rwmgVIAw sk`qr qy bwvw hrikSn isMG mIq sk`qr cuxy gey[kuJ h&iqAW mgroN suµdr isµG mjITw AYZzYkitv kONsl dy mYˆbr bx gey[ aunHW dI QW hrbµs isµG AtwrI pRDwn bxy[ 30 ApRYl 1921 ƒ SRomxI kmytI rijstr krvweI geI[ 14 Agsq 1921 dy idn iPr nvIN cox hoeI, ijs ivc bwbw KVk isµG pRDwn cuxy gey[ auh 1922 qoN 1934 qk Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr dI pRbMDk kmytI dw AwnryrI sk`qr irhw sI[ 1934 qoN 1936 qk auh cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dw pRDwn irhw[ aus dI mOq kSmIr ivc 1936 ivc hoeI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hir rwie, gurU

gurU hir rwie swihb (16.1.1630-6.10.1661) dw jnm mwqw AnMqI (Awp ƒ mwqw bsI qy mwqw inhwl kOr vI iliKAw imldw hY) Aqy bwbw gurid`qw (pu`qr gurU hirgoibMd swihb) dy Gr kIrqpur ivc hoieAw[ Awp ny Awpxw bcpn iesy ngr ivc hI ibqwieAw[Awp Ajy 8 swl dy sn ik Awp dy ipqw bwbw guridqw jI cVHweI kr gey[ ies mgroN Awp ny Agly 9 swl dw smW Awpxy dwdw (gurU hirgoibMd swihb) jI dI sMgq ivc ibqwieAw[ iesy kr ky Awp dI S^sIAq iv~c gurU hirgoibMd swihb vwlIAW keI ^UbIAW imldIAW hn[ (gurU) hirrwie swihb ny muFlI ividAw BweI drgh m~l qoN hwisl kIqI[ ies smyN dOrwn m`tn (kSmIr) qoN BweI AVU rwm dq (ipqw BweI ikrpw rwm dq) vI keI vwr kIrqpur swihb Aw ky irhw krdy sn[ auh vI gurU hirrwie swihb nUM sMsikRq ivc ilKIAW purwxIAW ikqwbW dw igAwn idAw krdy sn[ purohq jwqI m~l vI Awp jI dy ausqwdW ivcoN iek sn[ ividAw dy nwl-nwl Awp ny Ssqr clwaux dI isKlweI vI hwisl kIqI[ qyrHW swl dI aumr qk Awp Ssqr Aqy Swsqr dohW dy mwihr ho cuky sn[ kIrqpur swihb Awaux vwlIAW sMgqW gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy nwl-nwl (gurU) hirrwie swihb dI sMgq vI kirAw krdIAW sn[ swrI sMgq Awp dI Azmq ’qy hYrwn hoieAw krdI sI[ swirAW dw ivcwr sI ik gur-g~dI dy vwirs bxn dIAW ^UbIAW Awp ivc BrpUr sn[

(gurU) hirrwie swihb sUJ bUJ vwly Aqy jrnYl hox dy nwl-nwl bVy im~Ty, in~Gy, inmrqw vwly Aqy imhrbwn suBwA vwlI S^sIAq vI sn[ Awp dw suBwA eynw koml sI ik iek vwr bwZ ivc sYr kridAW Awp dy coly nwl AV ky iek Pu~l dIAW p~qIAW tu~t ky zmIn ’qy Aw ifgIAW[ ies nwl Awp audws ho gey[ aus vyly Awp dy dwdw gurU hirgoibMd jI vI Awp dy nyVy sn[ aunHW ny Awp nUM audws vyK ky ikhw ik p~qIAW muV ky Pu~l dy nwl nhIN lg skdIAW[ ies kr ky ienHW dw iPkr krn dI loV nhIN; hW ies Gtnw nwl AgoN vDyry sMBl ky clx vwsqy ieSwrw zrUr imldw hY ik ijMnw v`fw colw pweIey EnI hI v`fI izMmydwrI qy sMBwl krnI pYNdI hY[ gurU hirrwie swihb ny ieh is~iKAw p~ly bMnH leI Aqy jdoN gurg~dI sMBwlI qW swrI izMdgI pMQk lihr dI izMmydwrI nUM zbq Aqy sUJ nwl clwieAw[

14 jnvrI 1640 dy idn Awp dw ivAwh ArUp ngr (izlw gujrWvwlw) dy BweI dieAw rwm dI bytI sul~KxI nwl hoieAw sI[ Awp dy ivAwh vyly bIbI sulKxI dI aumr isr& 10 swl sI[ ies mgroN BweI dieAw rwm ArUp ngr C~f ky ipMf kot kilAwxpur (nyVy kIrqpur) Aw visAw (iesy kr ky bIbI jI nUM kot kilAwx iliKAw vI imldw hY)[ bIbI sul`KxI dw muklwvw do swl bwAd, 16 jUn 1642 dy idn toirAw igAw sI[(bIbI sul~KxI dw nW mwqw ikRSn iliKAw vI imldw hY)[ iqMn b~icAW dI mW hox kr ky

Awp nUM Awp dI s~s ‘iqrbYxI’ AwK ky vI bulwieAw krdI sI[ ie`Qy ieh izkr krnw vI zrUrI hY ik iek lyKkW ny Awp dy s~q ivAwh vI ilK id~qy hn, jo nw isr& glq hY blik hwsohIxw vI hY[ koeI vI bwp iek 10 swl dy bwl (gurU dI AOlwd hI shI) nwl s~q DIAW dw ivAwh nhIN kr skdw[ auN\ ieh nwmumikn vI hY[ ies ihswb nwl qW sB qoN CotI (sqvIN) kuVI qW Ajy god ivc hI KyfdI hovygI[ is~K qvwrI^ iv~c AijhIAW g~pW keI QWeIN BrIAW peIAW hn[

gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny Awpxy jIvn ivc hI Awp ƒ sqvyN gurU Qwpx dw &Yslw kr ilAwsI ikauNik aunHW ny (gurU) hir rwie swihb dIAW ^UbIAW cMgI qrHW smJ qy pCwx leIAW sn[ mwrc 1644 ivc guru hirgoibMd swihb dy joqI-joiq smwwax mgroN Awp ny is`K pMQ dI vwgfor sMBwlI[ies vyly gurU jI dI aumr isr& 14 swl sI[

1645 ivc jdoN kihlUr (iblwspur) irAwsq dy rwjw qwrw cMd ny Swhjhwn nUM kr (lgwn) dyxw bMd kr idqw qW muZl bwdSwh Swh jhwn dy hukm hyT imrzw Swhru^ dy puqr njwbq ^wn ny iblwspur ’qy hmlw kr id`qw Aqy ies ’qy kbzw kr ky qwrw cMd nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw qy aus nUM kYd ivc pw idqw[ ies hwlq ivc gurU hir rwie swihb Qwpl (audoN isrmOr/nwhn irAwsq dw iek ipMf) cly gey qy qkrIbn 12 swl dy krIb au~Qy rhy[gurU jI kol 2200 GoVy sn ijnHW dy Gwh Awid crn vwsqy Qwpl qy ies dy duAwly dw jMgl bhuq munwisb jgh sI[ A`j vI ieh ielwkw jMglI dr^qW nwl BrpUr hY[ mgroN jd qwrw cMd ny tYks Adw kr id`qw qW aus nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw[ ieh g`l ‘dibsqwn-ie-mzwihb’ dw lyKk maUbwd zuli&kwr ArdsqwnI (ijs nUM kuJ lok muhsn &wnI vI ilKdy rhy hn) ny (s&w 282 ’qy) ilKI sI[ ArdsqwnI gurU hrgoibd swihb qy gurU hir rwie swihb jI nUM keI vwr imldw irhw sI qy aus dw gurU jI nwl ^qo-i^qwbq vI cldw rihMdw sI[ ie`Qy rih ky Awp ny BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI AgvweI ivc bx rhy lohgVH iklHw dI ingrwnI vI kIqI[

Qwpl rihMidAW Awp dy Gr iqMn b`icAW: rwm rwie (24 &rvrI 1646), bIbI rUp kOr (9 ApRYl 1649) Aqy gurU hrikSn jI (17 julweI 1652) ny jnm ilAw[

1657 ivc Awp kIrqpur prq Awey[ ie`QoN Awp Aksr au~qrwKMf dy phwVW ivc, kSmIr, pMjwb Awid dy dOry ’qy jwieAw krdy sn[ 1659-60 ivc Awp ny lwhOr, jlwlpur j`tW, glotIAW Kurd, isAwlkot, sRIngr, AKnUr, jMmU, rwmgVH, sWBw qy pTwnkot vgYrw dw lMmw imSnrI dOrw kIqw qy bhuq swry lokW nUM is`K Drm nwl joiVAw[

Awp ny bhuq swry ielwky ivc is`K Drm dw bhuq pRcwr qy pRswr kIqw[ is`K Drm dy pRcwr ƒ vDyry srdwr bxwaux vwsqy Awp ny Drm pRcwr dy 360 sYNtr kwiem kIqy qy hor sYNtr ’qy iek-iek msMd nwmzd kIqw[ Awp kol 2200 GoVy qy hzwrW pYdl is`KW dI &Oj vI sI[ Awp ny is`KW ƒ &OjI isKlweI dy nwl-nwl isAwsI inzwm clwaux dI jwc vI isKweI[

auDr 1657 ivc muZlW ivc g`dI dI lVweI SurU ho geI[ AOrMgzyb qoN hwr Kw ky dwrw iSkoh pMjwb v`l ƒ B`j tuirAw[ goieMdvwl kol dirAw ibAws pwr krn vyly aus ny gurU hir rwie swihb dI mdd mMgI[ gurU swihb ny aus dy dirAw pwr krn mgroN ip`CoN Aw rhI AOrMgzyb dI &Oj ƒ kw&I dyr f`kI r`iKAw[ eyny icr ivc dwrw iSkoh kw&I dUr inkl igAw[ A^Ir dwrw iSkoh PiVAw igAw[ jdoN AOrMgzyb g`dI ’qy pUrI qrHW kwbz ho igAw qW aus ny hr aus S^s ƒ qlb kIqw, ijs dy dwrw iSkoh nwl zrw-mwsw vI sbMD rhy sn[ aus ny gurU hir rwie swihb ƒ vI sMmn Byjy[ gurU swihb ny Awpxy v`fy pu`qr rwm rwie ƒ id`lI ByijAw pr Awp nw gey[ rwm rwie nUM AOrMgzyb ny zwmnI vjoN id`lI ivc rK ilAw[ jdoN rwm rwie ny AOrMgzyb ƒ KuS krn dI koiSS kIqI qW gurU swihb ny aus ƒ gurg`dI qoN mOkU& krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ Awp ny ATvyN gurU vjoN gurg`dI dyx vwsqy gurU hirikRSn swihb ƒ cuixAw[ Awp swFy iek`qI swl dI aumr ivc, 6 AkqUbr 1661 dy idn, kIrqpur swihb ivc joqI-joiq smw gey.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hr kOr

ieh nwBw dy rwjw jsvMq isMG (1775-1840) dI pqnI qy hrI isMG joDpurIey dI bytI sI[ ies dI kuK qoN rwjw divMdr isMG (1822-1865) pYdw hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hr dyvI

rwxI hrdyeI cODrI rwm slwrIAw rwjpUq dI bytI sI[ ieh prvwr ipµf AtlgVH, izlHw gurdwspur dw rihx vwlw sI[ ieh iek bhuq ^UbsUrq AOrq sI; qy iesy ^UbsUrqI kr ky mhwrwjw rxjIq isµG ies ’qy i&dw ho igAw sI qy ies nwl ivAwh kr ilAw sI[ 27 jUn 1839 ƒ mhwrwjw rxjIq isµG dI mOq hoeI qW Agly idn sskwr vyly rwxI hrdyeI pqI dI icKw ivc sqI ho geI[ hwlW ik gurU dy hukm hyT sqI dI rsm is`KI ivc iblkul mnHw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hkIkq isMG

BweI hkIkq isMG pu`qr BweI bGyl isMG is`DU dw jnm ipMf julkw (izlHw lwhOr) ivc hoieAw sI[ 1748 ivc is`KW dy qkrIbn 65 j`Qy muZlW dy i^lw& lV rhy sn; ienHW ivcoN iek jQw aus dw vI sI[ 29 mwrc 1748 dy idn jd ienHW swirAW jiQAW nUM 11 imslW ivc imlw id`qw igAw qW aus dw jQw kn`eIAw imsl ivc Swiml kIqw igAw sI[ ies mgroN aus ny klwnOr qy pTwnkot ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1760 ivc aus ny sMgqpurw ipMf bMinHAw[ 1773 ivc aus ny jMmU ’qy hmlw kIqw Aqy auQoN dy rwjy nUM mwlIAw dyx ’qy mjbUr kIqw[ aus dI mOq 1782 ivc hoeI sI[ aus mgroN aus dw pu`qr jYml isMG aus dw vwirs bixAw[ jYml isMG dI DI cMd kOr mgroN (mhwrwjw) rxjIq isMG dy pu`qr KVg isMG nwl ivAwhI geI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hkIkq isMG (rwey nhIN)

BweI hkIkq isMG (pihloN hkIkq rwey) ƒ 18 jnvrI 1735 (mwG sudI 5, sMmq 1791) dy idn ShId kIqw igAw sI[ hkIkq isMG BweI bwG m`l dw pu`qr qy BweI nMd lwl purI dw poqw sn[ ieh pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`KI nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ieh pirvwr dy gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly is`K pMQ dw ih`sw sI[ mwrc 1660 dy Aw^rI h&qy gurU hir rwie swihb jdoN isAwlkot gey sn qW Awp kuJ idn nMd lwl purI dy Gr Tihry sn[ ies mOky ’qy nMd lwl, aus dy byitAW (Bwg m`l, bwG m`l) Aqy bytI (BwgvMqI) ny gurU jI dI qih-idloN syvw kIqI sI [ ies mgroN vI ieh pirvwr is`K pMQ dI syvw krdw irhw sI[ hkIkq rwey dI mwqw bIbI gOrW dw pykw pirvwr vI gurU Gr dw swidk sI[ aus dy Brw Arjn isMG ny vI KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI hoeI sI[ hkIkq rwey ny Awpxw bcpn isAwlkot ivc hI ibqwieAw sI[ bcpn ivc hI aus dw ivAwh btwlw dy BweI ikSn cMd au~pl dI bytI bIbI durgw dyvI (nMd kOr) nwl ho igAw[hkIkq rwey ƒ BweI bu`D isMG ny is`KI nwl joiVAw[ hux aus ny pwhul lY leI qy auh hkIkq isMG bx igAw sI[ kuJ i&rkwpRsq is`K ivroDIAW ny aus nUM Zlq qOr ’qy ihMdU ilKx dI nwkwm koiSS kIqI sI[

iek vwrI hkIkq isMG ƒ kuJ muslmwn muMifAW ny mzwk kridAW ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW au~qy kuJ i&kry k`s id`qy[ aunHW ƒ hkIkq isMG ny AwiKAw ik mYN is`K hox dy nwqy dyvI dyviqAW ’qy XkIn nhIN r`Kdw pr iksy dy Drm dw mzwk nhIN aufwauxw cwhIdw[ Blky ƒ jy koeI hzrq muhMmd swihb dI bytI Pwiqmw bwry koeI g`l AwKy qW quhwƒ vI qW burw l`gygw[ hkIkq isMG v`loN &wiqmw dw izkr sux ky muMifAW ny aus dy i^lw& JUTI iSkwieq kr id`qI ik aus ny &wiqmw bwry bury l&z AwKy sn[ ies ’qy ƒ igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr iljw ky zkrIAw Kwn (sUbydwr lwhOr) A`gy pyS kIqw igAw[ zkrIAw Kwn ny aus ƒ “mOq Aqy ieslwm” ivcoN iek cuxn vwsqy pySkS kIqI[ pr hkIkq isMG ny jwn bcwaux vwsqy is`K Drm C`fxw kbUl nw kIqw[ ies ’qy hkIkq isMG Aqy aus dy mwmy Arjn isMG vDwvx ƒ inKws cOk lwhOr ivc iljw ky kql kr id`qw igAw[hkIkq isMG ShIdI vyly iek byty dw bwp sI[

hkIkq isMG bMdw isMG bhwdr dw vI irSqydwr sI[ aus dI s`kI BUAw BwgvMqI bwbw bMdw isMG dI s`s sI[ BwgvMqI dw ivAwh BweI iSv rwm kpUr dy nwl hoieAw sI[ BwgvMqI dy Gr do b`cy hoey sn: swihb isMG Aqy swihb kOr[ iesy swihb kOr dw ivAwh bwbw bMdw isMG nwl 20 jUn 1710 ƒ srhMd ivc hoieAw sI; ijs qoN rxjIq isMG bytw pYdw hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hnUmMq

BweI hnUmMq BweI j`gU (jgqw) dw bytw, BweI pdmw dw poqw qy BweI kOldws dw pVpoqw sI[ auh cOhwn-rwjpUq pirvwr nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ hnUmMq dI ShIdI 19 PrvrI 1696 dy idn gulyr (hrIpur irAwsq dI rwjDwnI) dI lVweI ivc hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc is`K &OjW gulyr dy rwjy gopwl dI mdd vwsqy geIAW hoeIAW sn[ rwjw gopwl ’qy lwhOr dy nwieb sUbydwr dy jrnYl husYn Kwn ny hmlw kIqw sI[ ies hmly ivc husYn Kwn dI mdd ikrpwl cMd ktocIAw Aqy Ajmyr cMd iblwspurIAw ny vI kIqI sI[

ies lVweI ivc hnUmMq ny ^Ub bhwdrI dy jOhr idKwey[ iesy lVweI ivc hnUmMq dw Brw sMgq rwie pihloN ShId ho cu`kw sI[ aus dI lwS ilAwaux vwsqy hnUmMq qy Cy hor is`K &OjI jwnW hUl ky lVy Aqy iek dUjy qoN A`gy v`D ky ShwdqW pw gey[hnUmMq sbMDI B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ izkr AwauNdw hY: “lihnU, bytw mweI dws kw, poqw b`lU kw, jlHwnw,sqrW sY bwvn Pwgn idhuM qyeIs,vIrvwr ky idvs gulyr ky mlHwn, swmHy mwQy jUJ kr mrw[ gYloN sMgq rwie, hnUmMq, byty jgqy ky, poqy pdmw ky, pVpoqy kaul ky, cMdr bMsI bqs, goqry cwihmwn, hjwvq AWibAwny mwry gey[” (B`t vhI BwdsoN, prgnw Qwnysr, Kwqw jlHwny puAwroN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hMdwl

AMimRqsr izlHy dy ipMf jMifAwlw (hux jMifAwlw gurUu) dw vwsI ieh gwjI nW dy iek j`t Gr ivc 1573 (sMmq 1630) ivc pYdw hoieAw sI[ ies dw ivAwh hmzw cwhl dI DI au~qmI nwl hoieAw sI ijs qoN ibDI cMd (1603-1668) nW dw muMfw pYdw hoieAw sI[ hMdwl dI mOq 1648 ivc hoeI sI[ ies bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh hr vyly ‘inrMjn’ inrMjn’ (jo jogIAW dw jwp sI) dw jwp krdw rihMdw sI, ies kr ky ies dI A`l ‘inrMjnIAw’ pY geI sI (qy jo ies dy vwirSW dy nW nwl vI juVI rhI sI)[ ies dw pu`qr ibDI cMd bhuq kukrmI bMdw sI[ aus ny gurU nwnk swihb dy jIvn bwry iek jnmswKI (BweI bwly vwlI) ilKI sI (jW iksy hor jnmswKI ivc rlw pw ky iqAwr kIqI sI, ijs ivc Awpxy bwp dI vifAweI Aqy gurU swihbwn dI qOhIn kIqI sI[

ies ny ieh vI JUT prcwr kIqw sI ik jd gurU Amr dws jI ny is`K Drm dy prcwr vwsqy 22 mMjIAW kwiem kIqIAW sn qW iek mMjI ies nUM vI sONpI geI sI (gurU Amr dws 1574 ivc joqI-joiq smwey sn; audoN hMdwl isr& iek swl dw sI)[

mgroN ies ^wndwn dw Awkl dws aur& hrBgq nW dw S^s muZlW qy A&ZwnW dw jwsUs bx ky is`KW dy i^lw& ^brW Byj ky is`KW dw kqlyAwm krvwauNdw irhw sI[ 5 &rvrI 1762 dw G`lUGwrw ies Awkl dws dy kwrn hI vwpirAw sI (vyKo: is`K ihstrI ivc bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ShIdI qoN mgroN vwlw cYptr).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hmzw

j`jw goq dw iek S^s, jo gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ BweI gurdws vI AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus dw izkr krdy hn: hmjw jjw jwxIAY, bwlw mrvwhw ivgsMdw (vwr 11 pauVI 23).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hmzw gOs

iek pRcilq khwxI muqwibk ieh isAwlkot ngr dw rihx vwlw iek muslmwn PkIr sI[iek vwr iek ihMdU ny aus nUM Awpxw pu`qr Byt krn dw vwAdw kIqw sI, ijs qoN mgroN auh mukr igAw sI[ hmzw ny AYlwn kr id`qw ik jy aus ny aus nUM Awpxw pu`qr nw sONipAw qW auh ngr nUM AwpxI ZYbI qwkq nwl ‘qbwh’ kr dyvygw[ ies khwxI muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb ny aus nUM SWq kIqw Aqy AwpxI haumY C`f ky r`b dw nW jpx vwsqy smJ id`qI.

isAwlkot ivc hmzw ZOs dI kbr qy ic`lw:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hmIr isMG

rwjw hmIr isMG (1755-1783) nwBw irAwsq dw moFI sI[ ieh PUlkIAW ^wndwn nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ ieh bwbw PUl dy sB qoN v`fyy pu`qr iqlokw dy pu`qr gurid`qw dy pu`qr sUrqIAW (sUrq isMG) dw pu`qr sI (Xwin ieh bwbw PUl dy poqy dw poqw sI)[ ies dy ipqw dI mOq 1752 ivc ho geI sI)[ Awpxy dwdy gurid`qw dI mOq (1754) Aqy Awpxy Brw kpUr isMG dI mOq ip`CoN ieh aus dI irAwsq kpUrgVH dw hwkm bixAw sI[ ies ny kpUr isMG dI ivDvw nwl ivAwh kr ilAw ijs qoN jsvMq isMG (1775) nW dw pu`qr pYdw hoieAw sI[

1754 ivc hmIr isMG dy kbzy ivc DnOlw, p`Ko Aqy kpUrgVH Awid sn[ aus ny 1755 ivc nwBw Sihr dI nINh r`KI sI[

1759 ivc aus ny BwdsoN ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[1764 ivc aus ny is`K imslW nwl rl ky sIrMd (hux srhMd) ’qy hmlw kIqw Aqy ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr zYn ^wn nUM hrw ky kbzw kr ilAw[ ies ij`q mgroN Amloh dw ielwkw aus nUM id`qw igAw[ iek vwr jINd dy rwjy gjpq isMG ny aus nUM AwpxI irAwsq ivc bulwvw ByijAw qy jd auh au~Qy pu`jw qW aus ny aus nUM DoKy nwl igR&qwr kr ilAw qy Amloh Aqy BwdsoN’qy kbzw kr ilAw Aqy sMgrUr nUM Gyrw pw ilAw[ hmIr isMG dI pqnI rwxI dysW (mOq 1790) ny cwr mhIny aus dw twkrw kIqw[ A^Ir rwjw pitAwlw ny ivcolgI kIqI ijs nwl hmIr isMG ny Amloh gjpq isMG nUM dyxw mMn ilAw qy BwdsoN dw ielwkw aus nUM vwips iml igAw (jspq isMG dI mOq 1789 ivc hoeI sI qy ies nUM ies dw bwkI ielwkw vI vwips iml igAw sI)[ hmIr isMG dIAW cwr pqnIAW qoN isr& iek pu`qr (jsvMq isMG) Aqy do DIAW (sBw kor qy sdw kOr) sn[ 1783 ivc aus dI mOq mgroN rwxI dysoN ny irAwsq dw pRbMD sMBwilAw[ 1790 ivc rwxI dI mOq mgroN jsvMq isMG ny ipqw dw rwj Bwg sMBwl ilAw qy 1840 qk rwj kIqw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hwfw, juJwr isMh

iek rwjpUq zwq, ijs dw ipCokV cOhwn ^wndwn qoN mMinAw jWdw hY[ imQhws muqwibk iek vwr ies kOm dw rwjw Bwnurwj (cOhwn qoN 156vIN pIVHI) jMgl ivc igAw qW gMBIr nW dy rw^S ny aus nUM Kw ilAw[ durgw ny aus dIAW h`fIAW iek`TIAW kr ky aus ivc muV jwn Br id`qI[ h`fIAW qoN muV jwn hwisl krn kr ky aus dI kul dw nW „hwfw‟ bx igAw[ bUMdI (rwijsQwn) dw rwjGrwxw Awpxy Awp nUM aus dI kul ivcoN dsdw sI[ „bicqr nwtk‟ nW dI ikqwb (ies dy lyKk gurU goibMd isMG nhIN hn) muqwibk &rvrI 1696 ivc lwhOr dy nwieb sUbydwr idlwvr ^wn ny gulyr Awid irAwsqW qoN cwr swl dw mwmlw vsUl krn vwsqy &Oj ByjI pr ies mOky ‟qy hoeI lVweI ivc burI qrHW hwr KwDI[ ies hwr mgroN 30 ApRYl 1696 dy idn aus ny Awpxy iek jrnYl juJwr isMh hwfw dI AgvweI ivc iqMn hzwr &Oj ByjI sI[[ juJwr isMh hwfw iek hTI qy qgVw jrnYl sI[ aus ny jsvwrIAw irAwsq dy ipMf Blwn ivc hoeI lVweI ivc bhuq bhwdrI idKweI sI, pr A^Ir mwirAw igAw sI[

iek lyKk aus dI idRVHqw dI qwrI& krdw ilKdw hY: “nw gwfw cly hY, nw hwfw cly hY” (Xwin jMg dy mYdwn ivcoN auh B`jdy nhIN, jW ij`qdy hn jW jwn dyNdy hn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrijMdr isMG idlgIr

hrijMdr isMG idlgIr ies sdI dy sB qoN vD mShUr ivdvwnW ivcoN iek hY[ aus nUM ivdvwn is`K ieiqhws dI AQwrtI mMndy hn[ auh ie`ko-iek ieiqhwskwr hY ijs ny is`KW dw ieiqhws 10 ijldW ivc (AMgryzI ivc) Aqy 5 ijldW ivc (pMjwbI ivc) iliKAw hY[ aus ny gurU gRMQ swihb dw AMgryzI ivc Anuvwd vI kIqw hY[ ieh ie`ko-iek Anuvwd hY ijs ivc kuJ ivAwiKAw vI kIqI hoeI hY[ hQlw nvW mhwn koS “idlgIr koS” (jo cwr ijldW ivc iqAwr ho irhw hY) aus dI iek`ly dI rcnw hY[

hrijMdr isG idlgIr dy prvwr dw ipCkV jYslmyr irAwsq dw hY[ ienHW dw prvwr 12vIN sdI qk jYslmyr qy rwj krdw irhw sI[ muslmwn hmlwvrW ny ienHW qoN hkUmq Koh leI qy ieh pMjwb dy mwlvw ielwky ivc (bwhIAw dy ielwky ivc) Aw vsy[ ienHW dw j`dI ipMf mihrwj bx igAw[ iPr jd AMgryzW ny p`CmI pMjwb ivc nihrW k`FIAW qW ienHW dy v`fy vfyry swhIvwl cly gey[ ienHW dy prvwr dw BwvyN mu`K DMDw KyqIbwVI sI pr ienHW ivcoN bhuq swry jxy AMgryzI &Oj ivc vI BrqI ho gey[ 1947 qoN mgroN ienHW nUM iPr mhwjr (ri&aUjI) bxnw ipAw qy ieh pihlW jlwlwbwd (p`CmI), iPr gMgwngr (rwijsQwn), iPr jlMDr qy muV jlwlwbwd Aw itky[ 1991 qoN fw idlgIr nwrvy dw SihrI hY pr aus dw vwsw ieMglYNf ‟c hY[

idlgIr ny AMgryzI, i&lws&I qy pMjwbI ivc AYm.ey, AYl-AYl.bI., AYm. i&l., pI-AYc.fI. qy keI hor ifgrIAW qy ifplomy hwisl kIqy sn[ aus ny Awpxw ik`qw AiDAwpn qy jrnilzm cuixAw[ auh nrUV pWCt, nkodr, bMgw qy pMjwb XUnIvristI cMfIgVH Aqy pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw (bqOr ivizitMg &YkltI) ivc AiDAwpn vI krdw irhw hY[ 1983 ivc auh brqwnIAw Aw igAw Aqy ie`Qy auh swaUQwl ivc „pMjwb tweImz‟ A^bwr dw AYfItr bx igAw[ aus ny kuJ icr istI kwlj brimMGm ivc AiDAwpn kwrj vI kIqw[ 2001 ivc auh nvIN A^bwr „is`K tweImz‟ brimMGm dw AYfItr bx igAw[ auh iqMn swl is`K imSnrI kwlj Gumwx Aqy gurmiq pRswr ieMstIicaUt cMfIgVH ivc vI pVHwauNdw irhw hY[ auh gurU nwnk ieMstIcaUt Aw& is`K st`fIz Aqy is`K ihstrI rIsrc borf (SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI) dw pihlw fwierYktr vI sI[ hux auh gurU nwnk rIsrc ieMstIcaUt dw fwierYktr hY[

hrijMdr isMG idlgIr A`j sB qoN vD piVHAw jwx vwlw is`K lyKk hY[ is`K Drm dy bhuq swry kQwkwr, pRcwrk qy imSnrIAW aus dI ikqwb ‘is`K qvwrI^’ qy horW pusqkW nUM Aksr AwpxI kQw dw ADwr bxwauNdy hn[ fw idlgIr ny 60 qoN vD ikqwbW dI rcnw kIqI hY, ijnHW ivcoN muK ieh hn: (pMjwbI): idlgIr koS, lohgVH (dunIAW dw sB qoN v`fw iklHw), is`K qvwrI^ 5 ijldW ivc: (nwnk rwj clwieAw 1469-1708, is`KW dy bol bwly 1708-1849, is`K kOm dI dUjI j`dojihd 1849-1947, kurbwnIAW qy ZdwrIAW dw dOr 1947-1978, is`K juJwrvwd dw dOr 1978-2007), SRomxI AkwlI dl dw ieiqhws, is`K qvwrI^ ivc Akwl q^q swihb dw rol, Kwilsqwn dI qvwrI^, is`K hweIjYkr, is`K msly, AkwlI lihr dw klwm, is`K kOx hn?, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ikvyN bxI?, 1955 dw pMjwbI sUbw morcw, AnMdpur swihb dw ieiqhws, AnMdpur swihb (lweIt AYNf swaUf), kIrqpur dw ieiqhws, mhwn is`K jrnYl bMdw isMG bhwdr, is`K qvwrI^ dy G`lUGwry, nwnkSwhI kYlMfr, 100 is`K bIbIAW, BweI mnI isMG qy aunHW dw prvwr, dmdmI tkswl qy hor lyK, is`K ieiqhws ivc Aj dw idn (2 ijldW), mwqw gujrI cwr swihbzwdy 40 mukqy, is`K &lws&I dI ifkSnrI, gurU dy Syr, is`K i&lws&I kI hY qy hor lyK, gurduAwrw AwlmgIr dw ieiqhws (trYkt), m`Kx Swh lubwxw (trYkt), juJwrU klwm (kwiv sMgRih), idlgIrIAW (kwiv sMgRih), inqnym (tIkw), jpujI swihb (tIkw) Awid[

aus dIAW AMgryzI ikqwbW hn: is`K ihstrI (10 ijldW ivc), trWslySn Aw& gurU gRMQ swihb (7 ijldW ivc), lohgVH (d &st kYpItl Aw& dw is`K ikMgfm), ifkSnrI Aw& is`K i&lws&I, Akwl q^q (kwnsYpt AYNf rol), hU Awr d is`Kz, is`K klcr, is`K rY&rYNs bu`k, AnMdpur swihb, is`K strgl &wr swvrYintI Awid[ aus dI ikqwb „hU Awr d is`Kz‟ AMgryzI dy nwl-nwl &rYNc, spYinS, nwrvIjIAn, ihMdI, pMjwbI qy hor zubwnW ivc vI CpI hoeI hY[ aus dIAW ihMdI ikqwbW hn: AYmrjMsI ky AiqAwcwr, is`K kOx hYN?, AnMdpur swihb (pRkwSk SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI), is`K siBAwcwr (pRkwSk id`lI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI)[ aus dI iek ikqwb aurdU ivc vI qrjmw kIqI geI hY: is`K siBAwcwr (pRkwSk: pRo. kilAwx isMG pwiksqwn).

kwism ^wn

ieh lwhOr dy sUbydwr mIr mMnU dw iek Cotw jrnYl sI[ mIr mMnU 4 nvMbr 1753 dy idn mr igAw[id`lI dy muZl bwdSwh Aihmd Swh ny aus dI QW ’qy aus dyy iqMn swl dy nwbwlg pu`qr muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM lwhOr dw sUbydwr AYlwn kr idqw Aqy aus dI mW muZlwnI byZm nUM aus dI muhwi&z (gwrfIAn) bxw id`qw[ meI 1754 ivc ies bwl-sUbydwr muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI mOq ho geI[ ikhw jWdw hYy iBKwrI ^wn (aur& rOSn-aud-dOlw), jo mIr mnUU dw iek v&wdwr jrnYl sI, ny muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM iek ihjVy rwhIN zihr dy ky mwirAw sI[ (pihlW mIr mnUU dI mOq vyly vI iBKwrI ^wn ny muZlwnI byZm nUM bVw qMg kIqw sI[ aus ny mIr mnUU dI lwS nUM d&nwaux vwsqy id`lI iljwxw cwihAw sI, pr byZm aus lwS nUM lwhOr ivc hI d&n krnw cwhuMdI sI[ iBKwrI ^wn ny &Oj dw v`fw ih`sw Awpxy nwl rlw ilAw sI[ A^Ir kwism ^wn ny byZm dI mdd kIqI[ &Oj nUM coKI rkm irSvq vjoN dyx mgroN hI byZm mIr mnUU dI lwS lwhOr ivc d&n krn ivc kwmXwb ho skI sI)[ bwl-sUbydwr muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI mOq mgroN iBKwrI ^wn ny byZm dy i^lw& SryAwm bZwvq kr id`qI[ ies mOky ’qy kwism ^wn ny byZm dI iPr bVI mdd kIqI[ iBKwrI ^wn nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw (qy AprYl 1755 ivc aus nUM kql vI kr id`qw igAw)[ byZm ny kwism ^wn nUM eInwm vjoN p`tI dw &Ojdwr lw id`qw Aqy nwl hI aus nUM kuJ qopW, 30 ijzwrcI (bMdUkcI), 100 qurkI &OjI, keI hzwr GoVsvwr qy pYdl ispwhI qy hzwrW rupY nkd vI aus dy Sukrwny vjoN id`qy[

p`tI dw &Ojdwr bxn mgroN kwism lwhOr qoN p`tI v`l cl ipAw[ aus ny pihlw pVwA ipMf dmodrW ivc kIqw[ ies ipMf bwry aus nUM ^br imlI sI ik ie`QoN dy lok is`KW nwl hmdrdI rKdy hn[ kwism ny ies swry ipMf nUM kYdI bxw ilAw[ jd is`KW nUM ies g`l dw pqw l`gw qW aunHW ny kwism dI &Oj ’qy gurIlw hmly krny SurU kr id`qy[ is`K hr roz svyry qy Swm hmlw krdy sn Aqy kwism dI &Oj dw nukswn kr ky dOV jWdy sn[ iek idn kwism ny Awpxy Brw Awlm byZ nUM 1000 &OjI dy ky is`KW dw ip`Cw krn vwsqy Byj id`qw[ pr jd Asl lVweI dw mOkw AwieAw qW Awlm byZ dihl igAw Aqy aus ivc is`KW dw swhmxw krn dI jurAq nw hoeI[ auh AwpxI &Oj nUM AwgU-rihq C`f ky mYdwn ’coN B`j AwieAw[ jd kwism nUM ies dw pqw l`gw qW auh ^ud Awp is`KW dy ip`Cy igAw[ QoVHI dUr jwx ’qy aus ny vyiKAw ik muZl &OjI B`jy Aw rhy hn[ isr& iqMn is`KW ny hI keI muZl &OjI mwr C`fy sn qy bwkI is`KW qoN fr ky B`j pey sn[

ies Gtnw mgroN kwism ny mihsUs kIqw ik is`KW nwl t`kr lYx dw koeI &wiedw nhIN[ aus ny is`KW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw qy iPr aunHW 8000 is`K &OjW dI mdd nwl id`lI dw q^q hwisl krn dw ^uAwb lYxw vI SurU kr id`qw[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik is`KW ny aus nUM byvkU& bxwieAw hovy ik auh aunHW (is`KW) dI mdd nwl lwhOr Aqy id`lI dy q^q ’qy kbzw kr skdw hY[ aus ny is`KW nUM ^uS krn vwsqy aunHW nUM bhuq qoh&y, bMdUkW Aqy qIr kmwn vI Byjy[ auh qW socdw sI ik pihlW auh lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr lvygw Aqy ies mgroN auh id`lI jw ky AwswnI nwl bwdSwh bx jwvygw[ pr CyqI hI kwism dw ^zwnw ^wlI ho igAw[ aus kol Awpxy ispwhIAW nUM dyx jogy pYsy vI nhIN sn[ aus dy ispwhIAW ny aus nUM keI vwr burw Blw vI ikhw qy A^Ir iek idn auh kwism nUM PV ky muZlwnI byZm kol lY gey[ byZm ny aus nUM nzrbMd kr id`qw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ku`lw JMJIAw

BweI ku`lw JMJIAw gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[auh Aqy BweI Bu`lw JMJIAw (jo Swied aus dw Brw sI) gurU Arjn swihb dy drSn krn Aqy isiKAw lYx vwsqy Aksr AwauNdy rihMdy sn[

BweI gurdws ny aus dw izkr AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieMj kIqw hY: kulw Bulw JMJIAw BwgIrQ suienI sicAwrw (vwr 11, pauVI 18).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kUkw/ kUky (nwmDwrI)

{kUkw dw bhu vcn kUky} BYxI (izlHw luiDAwxw) dy rwm isMG dw cylw (kUky 1920 qoN mgroN ^ud nUM nwmDwrI kihx lg pey sn)[

rwm isµG (1816-1885) kµvr nOinhwl isµG (poqrw mhwrwjw rxjIq isµG) dI &Oj ivc iek mwmUlI ispwhI sI[ auh dsµbr 1845 ivc mudkI dI lVweI ivc AµgryzW dy iKælw& liVAw sI[ pihlI AYNglo-is`K lVweI dy ^qm hox mgroN aus ƒ &Oj ‟coN Kwrj kr idqw igAw sI[

nOkrI ^qm hox mgroN auh Awpxy Gr ipµf BYxI Aw igAw qy lohy qy kpVy dI h`tI pw leI[ kuJ swl h`tI krn mgroN aus ny iek in`kw ijhw Dwrimk tolw bxw ilAw[ drAsl nOkrI Cu`t jwx kr ky aus dy idl ivc AµgryzW vwsqy n&rq sI[ auh nOkrI dOrwn kdy iek Dwrimk pRcwrk bwbw bwlk isµG (1799-1862) ƒ iml cukw sI qy aus dI is&q kirAw krdw sI[

mgroN rwm isMG dy cyilAW ny aus nUM bwlk isMG dw vwirs vI dsxw SurU kr id`qw[ bwlk isµG ny kdy koeI gru`p jW fyrw nhIN bxwieAw sI qy ies kr ky Awpxw vwirs bxwaux dw svwl hI pYdw nhIN sI huµdw[ auN\ bwlk isMG nUM „AiBAwsI‟ dy qOr ‟qy jwixAw jWdw sI nw ik „kUkw‟ jW „nwmDwrI‟ vjoN[

jdoN rwm isµG ny Dwrimk tolw bxwieAw qW ies nwl sbµDq BYxI ipµf dy kuJ lok iek`Ty ho ky gurbwxI dw kIrqn kirAw krdy sn[ ienHW iek`TW ivc BwvyN rwm isµG kdy-kdy AµgryzW dy i^lw& vI boilAw krdw sI pr auh srkwr dy i^lw& lihr clwaux qoN frdw sI[ aus ny srkwr dy i^lw& gu`sy ƒ „Drm‟ dy nW ‟qy vrqx vwsqy is`K imSnrI lihr clweI[ aus ny lokW ivc zwq-pwq C`fx, ivDvw ivAwh dI ihmwieq, Srwb qy hor niSAW ƒ nw vrqx, smwDW ƒ nw mMnx vZYrw vwsqy prcwr kIqw[

hOlI-hOlI cwr pµj sO lok rwm isµG dy nwl juV gey[ hux aus ny qvwrI^I gurduAwirAW dI Xwqrw vwsqy gru`p bxw ky iek c`kr lwieAw[ ies jQy ƒ vyK ky rsqy dy ipµfW dy kuJ lok vI aus nwl juV gey[ pr ienHW dI kul igxqI kdy vI iek hzwr qoN vD nw ho skI[ ies dOr ivc Aµgryz srkwr aus ‟qy pUrI qrHW ingwh r`K rhI sI[ rwm isµG lokW ƒ Awpxy nwl joVn vwsqy kdy-kdy is`KW dy rwj dy muV Awaux dIAW g`lW vI krn lg ipAw sI[ pihlI jUn 1863 dy idn ipµf Koty (izlHw &Irozpur) ivc iek in`ky ijhy iek`T ivc aus ny ikhw „„jdoN svw lK Kwlsw iqAwr ho jwvygw qW pµjwb ƒ AµgryzW qoN Awzwd krvw ilAw jwvygw[‟‟ aus dy ienHW bolW dI ^br srkwr ƒ iml geI qy srkwr ny aus dI ingrwnI krnI SurU kr idqI[ Ajy ies j`Qy dw koeI nW nhIN sI[ ikauNik auh kIrqn krn smyN au~cI-au~cI „kUkW‟ mwrdy sn, iesy kr ky lokW aunHW ƒ „kUky‟ ikhw krdy sn[

kUikAW ny smwDW FwhIAW: is`K imSnrI lihr dy ih`sy vjoN rwm isµG ny Awpxy cyilAW ƒ smwDW bxwaux dy iKælwPæ BVkwieAw[ aus ny smwD bxwauxw is`KI dy mUloN ault d`isAw[ aunHW ny buq pRsqI dy i^lw& prcwr kIqw[ aus dy Aijhy bolW dw Asr kuJ q`qy nOjvwnW ‟qy hoieAw Aqy aunHW ny pµjwb dy kuJ ih`isAW ivc smwDW FwhuxIAW SurU kr idqIAW[ smwDW Fwhux dI sB qoN pihlw AYkSn 7 julweI 1866 dy idn luiDAwxw ivc hoieAw[ pihlI sqµbr 1866 dy idn kUikAW ny &Irozpur ivc kuJ smwDW Fwh id`qIAW[ ieh kwrvweI 20 AkqUbr 1866 dy idn &Irozpur ‟c iPr dohrweI geI[ 12 dsµbr 1866 ƒ luiDAwxy ivc qy 5 jnvrI 1867 ƒ isAwlkot ivc vI kuJ smwDW FwhIAW geIAW sn[ huiSAwrpur ivc kuJ kUikAW ny ihµdUAW dyvI dyviqAW dy bu`q vI Bµn id`qy[ ienHW ivc iek gW dw buq vI sI[ kUikAW dy ies AYkSn ny ihµdUAW ivc gu`sw Br idqw qy auh ies kUkw-toly nUM ihµdU-ivroDI tolw kihx lg pey[ pr ieh CyqI hI ibRitS srkwr dIAW nzrW ivc Aw gey qy aunHW ny ienHW dIAW hrkqW qy kwnUMn qoVy jwx dIAW kwrvweIAW ‟qy ingwh r`KxI SurU kr id`qI[ AµgryzW ny 1863 dy A^Ir ivc rwm isµG ‟qy ingrwnI vDw id`qI sI qy aus ƒ ipµf ivc iek qrHW nwl nzrbµd kr idqw hoieAw sI[ aus ƒ ikqy vI jwx qoN pihlW pulIs dI AgwaUN iejwzq lYxI pYNdI sI[ ies mgroN auh bhuqw smW BYxI ipMf ivc hI irhw pr 1867 dI mwrc ivc aus ny srkwr qoN Anµdpur swihb jwx vwsqy mnzUrI lY leI[ ies vyly Anµdpur swihb dy gurduAwirAW ‟qy AkwlIAW (inhµgW) dw kbzw sI[ auh au~Qy pµQk irvwieqW hI inBwauNdy sn[ auh Awpxy Awp ƒ Awzwd kOm kihµdy sn qy AµgryzI hkUmq dI zrw-mwsw vI prvwh nhIN krdy sn[ AµgryzW v`loN rwm isµG ƒ Anµdpur swihb jwx dI iejwzq dyx ip`Cy iek kwrn ieh vI sI ik auh AkwlIAW vwsqy msly KVHy krny cwhuµdy sn[ Anµdpur dy rsqy ivc rwm isµG dI do Agryz A&srW, mYk

AYNfiraU Aqy prikns, nwl mulwkwq krvweI geI[ ies mOky ‟qy &zl husYn nW dw iek pulIs ieµspYktr vI hwizr sI[ ies mIitµg mgroN AµgryzW ny rwm isµG dI nzrbµdI vI ^qm kr idqI[ ies dy nwl hI srkwr ny Awpxy kuJ sUhIey aus dy cyly bxw ky aus dy nwl joV idqy[ auN\ ies mgroN rwm isµG nwl nvyN lok Swiml nhIN hoey qy aus dy cyilAW dI igxqI isr& kuJ sYNkVy qk hI mihdUd rih geI[

PrvrI 1869 ivc kUky rupwxw (nyVy mukqsr) ivc iek iek`T kr rhy sn[ ies iek`T ivc puils dw ifptI suprfYNt dIvwn b^S vI hwizr sI[ jd aus ny iek bulwry dI bolI ‟qy ieqrwz kIqw qW kuJ kUikAW ny aus dI qlvwr Koh leI Aqy aus dI ku`t-mwr vI kIqI[ jd ies dI ^br &Irozpur dy AYs.pI. ƒ pu`jI qW aus ny pulIs &ors Byj idqI[ pihlW qW kUikAW ny pulIs dw ivroD kIqw pr A^Ir hiQAwr su`t id`qy[ pulIs ny 44 kUikAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ies mgroN &Irozpur pulIs ny kUikAW dIAW kwrvweIAW bµd krvw idqIAW[ 1870 ivc Aijhw iek hukm kSmIr srkwr ny vI jwrI kIqw[

kUikAW ny bu`cV mwry: AprYl 1870 ivc kuJ kUky bRwhmxW dy Asr hyTW Awauxy SurU gey[ kUikAW ivc Swiml hoey vYSno (ihµdU) DVy ny CyqI hI pRcwr vI SurU kr idqw[ smwDW Fwhux nwl nwrwz hoey ihµdUAW ny kUikAW dw rwh bdlx vwsqy aunHW nUM vYSnUM Drm nwl joVn vwsqy iek nvW pYNqVw SurU kIqw[ aunHW ny ienHW ƒ AYNtI-muslm lihr v`l tor id`qw[ kuJ icr pihlW hI AµgryzW ny AµimRqsr ivc iek bu`cVKwnw KoilAw sI, ij`Qy gaUAW vI mwrIAW jWdIAW sn[ is`K Drm ivc gaU piv`qr jwnvr nhIN hY, ies kr ky ies ƒ mwrn jW nw mwrn dw is`K Drm nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ pr cwlwk bRwhmxW ny kUikAW ƒ ies gaU-riKAk AYNtI-is`K kwrvweI vl tor ilAw[ bRwhmxW ny kUikAW ƒ Puslw ky ies bu`cV Kwny dI ivroDqw SurU krvw idqI[ ies BVkwht hyTW kuJ kUikAW ny 14 jUn 1870 dy idn AµimRqsr dy bu`cVKwny ‟qy hmlw kr ky kuJ bu`cV mwr id`qy[ auh ieh AYkSn kr ky cupcwp inkl gey qy srkwr ƒ ienHW kwqlW dI Snw^q vI nw ho skI[ ies mgroN 16 julweI 1871 dy idn kUikAW ny rweykot ivc iek bu`cVKwny ‟qy hmlw kIqw Aqy kuJ bu`cV kql kr idqy[ ienHW kUikAW ivcoN mµgl isµG, msqwn isµG, srmuK isµG, gulwb isµG qy keI hor PVy gey[ gulwb isµG srkwrI gvwh bx igAw[ aus ny AµimRqsr dy bu`cVW dy kqlW dy nW vI ds idqy[ ienHW swirAW ‟qy mukdmw clwieAw igAw Aqy bu`cVW dy kwql kUikAW ƒ PWsI dy idqI geI[ ies mgroN kUikAW dIAW kwrvweIAW iek vwr Pyr ruk geIAW[jnvrI 1872 ivc rwm isµG ny kUikAW ƒ

BYxI s`d ky mwGI dw idn mnwaux vwsqy iek`T kIqw[ ies pMj-s`q sO kUikAW dy iek`T ivc koeI isAwsI g`l nhIN hoeI qy nw hI gurbwxI kIrqn qoN isvw kuJ hor hoieAw[ swrw smwgm lµgr vrqwaux qk Aml-Amwn nwl cldw irhw qy Swm qoN pihlW lok GrW ƒ muVn lg pey[ muVdy toilAW ivcoN iek toly ny mlyrkotly dy bu`cVW ƒ mwrn dI plwn bxweI[ rsqy ivc auh mlOd ruky qy au~QoN hiQAwr corI kIqy[ ies mgroN aunHW ny 15 jnvrI ƒ mlyrkotlw dy ^zwny ‟qy hmlw kIqw[ ies mOky ‟qy au~Qy qweInwq Amly ny aunHW dw twkrw kIqw[ ies lVweI ivc pulIs qy kUikAW dohW dy kw&I bµdy mwry gey[

bu`cVW dy kwql kUikAW nMU szwvW: mlyrkotlw dy hmly mgroN srkwr ny kUikAW dIAW igR&qwrIAW SurU kr idqIAW[ srkwr ny kUikAW nwl s^qI nwl inptx dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies &Ysly hyT 49 kUikAW ƒ mlyrkotlw ivc qopW A`gy KVHy kr ky aufw idqw igAw[ Agly idn 16 hor kUikAW ƒ vI iehI szw idqI geI[

rwm isMG dI igR&qwrI: rwm isMG Awp ieho ijhIAW dihSqgrdI dIAW kwrvweIAW dy i^lw& sI[ aus ny qW AMgryzI pulIs nUM vI ies dI ieqlwh id`qI sI qy ikhw sI ik ieho ijhy cyly aus dy AwKy ivc nhIN hn[ rwm isMG gW dI pUjw jW smwDW Fwhux dw ihmwieqI vI nhIN sI[ kUikAW dIAW ienHW dihSqgrdI dIAW kwrvweIAW nwl rwm isMG dw koeI sbMD nhIN sI pr ikauNik ieh hrkqW krn vwly aus dy cyly sn ies kr ky A`gy hor AYkSn rokx vwsqy AMgryzW ny rwm isµG ƒ vI 17 jnvrI 1872 dy idn BYxI qoN igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ aus ƒ 1818 dy AYkt iqMn hyT igR&qwr kIqw igAw Aqy Alwhwbwd Byj idqw igAw qy mgroN rµgUn (brmw, imAWmwr) Byj idqw igAw, ij`Qy auh 29 nvµbr 1885 dy idn mr igAw[

rwm isµG dI lihr audoN „kUkw‟ lihr kr ky jwxI jWdI sI[rwm isµG bwlk isµG dw SrDwlU zrUr sI, pr ieh koeI g`dI nhIN sI[ dUjw, bwlk isµG dw imSn, jo „AiBAwsI‟ vjoN jwixAw jWdw sI, pUrI qrHW BgqI dI lihr sI[ (aus nUM XwrHvW gurU kihxw aus nwl vI zulm hY[ auN\ kmwl hY ik is`K mhwrwjy vI Awpxy XwrHvyN gurU nw pCwx nw sky!)[ rwm isµG bwlk isMG dw pRsMsk zrUr sI pr cylw nhIN sI[ auN\ auh jigAwsI jW Bgq vI nhIN sI blik isr& iek &OjI sI ijs dw suBwA Dwrimk sI[ nOkrI qoN k`Fy jwx kr ky auh AµgRyzW dy i^lw& sI[ (ivcwrw ieh AKOqI bwrHvW „gurU‟ vI iek is`K rwjy dI &Oj ivc nOkr sI[ rwjy Awpxy bwrHvyN gurU nUM pCwx nw sky[ vrnw Swied auh aus nUM &Oj dw muKI hI bxw dyNdy[

AMgRyzW ny is`KW dy „bwrHvyN gurU‟ nUM nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw)[ jd aus kol do-iqµn sO cyly Aw gey qW aus ny „AwgU‟ hox dw Aihsws krnw SurU kr idqw[ ies dy bwvjUd auh koeI ienklwbI nhIN sI[ auh iek injI ros dw BirAw pr Dwrimk qy suDwrk srgrm S^S sI[ aus dy huµidAW kUikAW dI igxqI iek hzwr vI nhIN sI[ aus dy igR&qwr hox mgroN ies j`Qy dw mwmUlI ijµnw vjUd vI nw irhw[ aus dI igR&qwrI dy i^lw& zrw-mwsw vI Awvwz nw au~TI qy nw hI aus mgroN kUikAW dI koeI kwrvweI hoeI[ rwm isµG dw Asr isr& BYxI qy luiDAwxw dy kuJ ielwky, mlyrkotlw irAwsq dy iek-do ipµfW Aqy &Irozpur dy luiDAwxw izlHy dI srhd nwl lgdy do kuJ ipµfW qk hI mihdUd sI[ 1872 ivc rwm isµG dI igR&qwrI qy jlwvqnI mgroN au~Qy pulIs dI iek cONkI ibTw idqI geI, jo CyqI hI iek rsmI cONkI bx ky rih geI ikauNik hux lok kUikAW dy toly nUM C`f gey sn qy koeI kUkw au~Qy nhIN sI AwauNdw[

kUky nwmDwrI ikvyN bxy: rwm isµG dI mOq (1885) qoN kw&I icr mgroN qk vI ies j`Qy dw nW „nwmDwrI‟ nhIN sI[ ieh koeI lihr nhIN sI[ 1920 ivc jdoN AkwlI lihr SurU hoeI Aqy gurduAwrw suDwr vwsqy srgrm kwrvweIAW SurU hoeIAW Aqy hr pwisEN is`K ies lihr ivc ih`sw pwaux vwsqy Awey[ Aµgryz hwkm gurduAwirAW au~qy kwbz mhµqW dy nwl sn[ pihlW-pihlW „snwqnI is`K‟ dy lybl hyT gurU swihbwn dy vwirs (bydI, qryhn, B`ly qy soFI) mhµqW dI mdd vwsqy in`qry pr pµQk roh hyT auh cup kr ky bYT gey[ mhMqW ny inhµgW ƒ vI AkwlI lihr dy i^lw& vrqx dI koiSS kIqI, pr bwbw ikhr isµG p`tI inhµg AkwlI dl dy nwl irhw, ies kr ky inhµgW ƒ vI mhMq jW Aµgryz vrq nw sky[ ies mgroN aunHW ny rwm isµG dy Brw ƒ BYxI ivc phuµc kIqI[ rwm isµG dy BqIjy pRqwp isµG (pu`qr hrI isµG) ƒ pihlW qW „nwmDwrI‟ kih ky rwm isµG dw vwirs bxw ky pyS kIqw igAw pr mgroN ies ƒ „i&rkw‟ qy iPr „qyrHvW gurU‟ bxw ky is`K Drm dy i^lw& lihr vjoN KVHw krn dI koiSS kIqI[ jdoN Aµgryz ienHW ƒ AwpxI mrzI nwl vrqx ivc kwmXwb ho gey qW aunHW ny 1922 ivc BYxI ipµf ivcoN pulIs cONkI vI htw leI[ hux rwm isµG dw BqIjw pRqwp isµG AµgryzW, qy ^ws kr ky eIsweI imSnrIAW, dIAW hdwieqW nwl clx lg ipAw[

ies toly ny rwm isµG ƒ bwrHvW gurU (bwlk isµG ƒ XHwrvW gurU kih ky) bxwaux dI swizS ‟qy Aml SurU kr idqw[ pRqwp isµG ny Awpxy Awp ƒ qyrHvW gurU kihxw SurU kr idqw[ ieh SryAwm gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ r`d krn dI hrkq sI[

pihlW-pihl qW AkwlI AwgU ienHW bwry cup rhy pr 1941 ivc jdoN ienHW ny gurU gRµQ swihb dy vrky (pqry) Alg-Alg kr ky iek-iek pqry dw pwT krn dw ku&r krn dw AYlwn kIqw qW is`K AwgUAW ny „kUkw ku&r qoV‟ kwn&rµsW kr ky ienHW dy i^lw& kdm cuky (vyKo: ivswKw isMG dI ikqwb mwlvw ieiqhws)[ pr ieh AkwlI AwgUAW dI byvkUPæI sI ik is`K Drm dy SryAwm ault hox dy bwvjUd ienHW ƒ „Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rµs‟ ivc is`KW dy ih`sy vjoN bulwauNdy rhy[ ieh kwrvweI 1946-47 qk vI kIqI jWdI rhI sI[

kUikAW v`loN mhMqW dI mdd: nw qW rwm isµG ^ud ƒ gurU mµndw sI qy nw hI aus dI koeI kwrvweI AijhI sI ijs qoN zwhr hovy ik auh gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ gurU nhIN sI mµndw[ ieh qW 1920 ivc AµgryzW ny mhµqW rwhIN rwm isMG dy Brw nUM nwmDwrIAW drjw dy ky gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dy i^lw& vrqx vyly rwm isµG dy BqIjy qoN gurU-fµm dw pRcwr SurU krvwieAw sI[ AkwlI lihr SurU hMuidAW hI 1920 ivc ienHW ny h&qwvwr A^bwr „sqjug‟ qy iPr 1922 ivc rozwnw „kUkw‟ A^bwr SurU kIqw (nwmDwrI nW Ajy vI nhIN vriqAw)[ ieh mhMq nrYxU dIAW mIitMgW ivc Swiml ho ky aus vwsqy jwnW vwrn dIAW ksmW KWdy rhy[ ienHW A^bwrW ivc pihlW qW gurudAwrw suDwr lihr dI mu^wl&q SurU kIqI geI qy iPr rwm isµG dy BqIjy pRqwp ƒ gurU bxw ky pyS kIqw igAw[ ieh qW drbwr swihb Aw ky XwrHvyN-bwrHvyN gurU dI Ardws krn dI koiSS vI krdy rhy[

kUky gurU swihbwn Aqy KMfy dI pwhul (AMimRq) dI byAdbI vI krdy rhy[ AµgryzW ny nwmDwrIAW v`loN mhMqW dI mdd Aqy is`KI dy i^lw& gurUfMm KVHw krn dy eInwm vjoN BYxI ‟coN pulIs cOkI htw leI qy swrIAW bµidSW htw leIAW[ srkwr ny hux ies DVy ƒ iek sµprdw Aqy iPr is`KW dy gurU vjoN pyS krnw SurU kr idqw Aqy pUrw mwx, mdd qy srprsqI dyxI SurU kr id`qI[ ienHW ny srkwr nwl gMF-qup kr ky SRomxI kmytI bxn qoN rokx vwsqy, is`KW nwl tkwrE pYdw krn dIAW kwrvweIAW 1925 qk Sry-Awm kIqIAW[ {kUikAW dIAW is`K ivroDI hrkqW dIAW A^bwrW ivc CpIAW ^brW dIAW qsvIrW vwsqy vyKo: is`K qvwrI^, ijld qIjI).

kI kUky (A`j dy nwmDwrI) is`K hn?: 1947 qoN mgroN kUky kWgrs dy v&wdwr bx gey qy A`j qk kUky kWgrs dy ihmwieqI rhy hn qy rihxgy[ kUky iksy vI nukqy qoN is`K nhIN mµny jw skdy[ auh gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ gurU nhIN mµndy; auh A`g duAwly Pyry lYNdy hn; auh gW dI pUjw krdy hn; auh dyhDwrI gurUfµm dw pwKµf krdy hn[ kUky is`KW vwsqy „kwi&r‟ hn qy ienHW dw drjw mIixAW, rwmrweIAW Aqy DIrm`lIAW (jW inrMkwrIAW, AwSUqoSIAW/nUrmihlIAW, srsw fyry vwlw) vrgw hY[ auh gurU gRµQ swihb dy „ivroDI‟ hn[ kUky ihµdUAW dw iek i&rkw qW ho skdy hn pr auh is`K nhIN hn[ 1947 qoN bwAd i&rkU ihMdU hwkmW ny vI ienHW ƒ is`K-ivroDI muhry vjoN vriqAw[ BwvyN ieh p`gW bMnHIAW hox kr ky is`K hox dw DoKw KVHw krdy rhy pr is`K pMQ ny ienHW ƒ r`d kr idqw[

rwm isµG ny Awpxy Awp ƒ kdy „nwmDwrI‟ vI nhIN sI ikhw[ auh qW Kud ƒ „gurU‟ qW kI iek sµq, igAwnI, bRhmigAwnI, jQydwr, bwbw vI nhIN sI AKvwaNudw[ auh qW gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ hI gurU mµndw sI qy ies ‟qy Aml krn vwsqy nsIhqW dyNdw sI[ ieh sB kuJ aus dy ^qW ivc SryAwm iliKAw imldw hY[

AKOqI nwmDwrIAW ƒ is`KW ny kdy kbUl nhIN kIqw[ iesy kr ky Aj vI (2008 ivc) aunHW dI igxqI swrI dunIAW ivc fyF-do l`K qoN vD nhIN[ ienHW ivcoN 10 hzwr QweIlYNf Aqy hor dySW ivc hn[ koeI vI s`cw is`K ies toly ivc Swiml hox vwsqy iqAwr nhIN ikauNik ieh ku&r dw pRcwr krdy hn qy ieh is`K nhIN hn[ pMjwb ivc ienHW dIAW isr& pMjwh hzwr dy krIb votW hn[ ieh kWgrs pwrtI dy v&wdwr hn Aqy 90% aus ƒ hI votW pwauNdy hn qy aunHW qoN hI mwx-snmwn lYˆdy hn[ auN\ ienHW ny pRkwS isµG bwdl dI JUTI ^uSwmd kr ky aus ƒ votW dw JUTw lwlc dy ky, aus dy 1997-2002 dy Aihd ivc, aus qoN gurU nwnk XUnIvristI ivc rwm isµG dy nW ‟qy iek cyAr kwiem krvw leI[ pr is`KW dy pRotYst mgroN ies dw nW bdl ky „nwmDwrI siqgurU cyAr‟ kr id`qw[

nwmDwrIAW ny 2007-08 vI ivc bwdl qoN, rwm isMG dI kUkw „lihr‟ dw sOvW swl mnwaux dy nW ‟qy, keI hor pRwjYktW vwsqy vI kroVW rupY Krc krvwey[ iPr iesy „AkwlI‟ AKvwauNdy cI& minstr bwdl ny rwm isMG dI &oto Aqy aus dy Brw dy ^wndwn nUM „siqgurU‟ AwK ky m`Qy vI tyky[ (ies dy bwvjUd bwdl nUM kdyy vI swry pMjwb ivc pMj hzwr qoN vD vot nwmDwrI vot, auh vI suirMdr isMG nwmDwrI DVy dI, nhIN pY skI[ pr ies dy bdly ivc jo kImq bwdl qwrdw hY auh bhuq-bhuq vD hY)[

kUkw muKI jgjIq isMG 2000 qoN bImwr sI qy aus dI sUJ qkrIbn ^qm ho cukI sI[ ies smyN aus dw BqIjw dlIp Awpxy Awp nUM muKI dy qOr ‟qy pyS krn lg ipAw[ ies ‟qy jgjIq isMG dI pqnI cMd kor ny 2009 ivc dlIp qy aus dI mW nUM BYxI ipMf qoN qoN k`F id`qw[ 2012 jgjIq isMG mr igAw[ aus dI pqnI ny audY isMG (Cotw BqIjw jgjIq isMG) nUM kUikAW dw muKI Qwp idqw[ dUjy v`fy BqIjy ny srsw (hirAwxw) ivc smwgm kr ky ^ud nUM kUikAW dw muKI AYlwn kr id`qw[ do swl mgroN pqnI cMd kOr (88) dw 4 ApRYl 2014 dy idn kql kr id`qw igAw; swry mMndy hn ik ieh kql kUkw dlIp isMG ny krvwieAw sI[ S`k hox dy bwvjUd pulIs dlIp isMG ‟qy kys drj nw kr skI[BwrqI jnqw pwrtI qoN mdd lYx vwsqy dlIp isMG ny Awpxy Awp nUM ihMdU dy qOr„qy pyS krnw SurU kr id`qw; pr aunHW ny ies nUM mUMh nw lwieAw[

2019 ivc dlIp isMG ny qW ^ud nUM “Akwl purK” qy “sRI siqgurU” ilKxw SurU kr id`qw[ aus ny 24 Agsq 2019 dy idn ikRSn nUM „Bgvwn‟ AYlwn ky aus dw jnm idn (jnm AstmI) vI mnweI sI (aunHW ny kdy vI iksy vI is`K gurU dw koeI vI purb nhIN mnwieAw):

nwmDwrI is`K pµQ qy &ls&y dy sB qoN v`fy duSmxW ivcoN iek hn[ BwvyN ieh srkwrI &Mf hwisl kr lYˆdy hn pr is`KW ƒ byvkU& bxw ky Awpxy ivc Swiml krn vwsqy kwmXwb nhIN ho sky qy nw hoxgy[

mgroN srkwrI qy kUkw lyKkW ny nwmDwrIAW Aqy ^ws kr ky rwm isµG ƒ „svdySI‟ lihr dw moFI bxw ky pyS krn vwsqy JUT ilKxw SurU kr idqw[ aunHW iliKAw ik rwm isµG ny lokW ƒ ApIl kIqI ik auh srkwrI nOkrIAW nw krn, srkwrI skUlW-kwljW ‟c pVHweI nw krn, srkwrI AdwlqW dw bweIkwt krn Aqy vlYqI kpVy nw vrqx[ qvwrI^ nwl eyfI izAwdqI ƒ kWgrs pwrtI ny vI kbUl kr ilAw[hwlWik ies qoN ieh nqIjw vI inkldw sI ik gWDI ny nwimlvrqx lihr dw qrIkw rwm isµG qoN isiKAw sI[ auN\ ieh korw JUT hY ikauNik rwm isµG dy huµidAW nw qW lokW ƒ srkwrI nOkrIAW idqIAW jw rhIAW sn, nw hI Ajy srkwrI skUl KulHy sn (dsµbr 1862 ivc audoN dy pµjwb, ijs ivc isMD, bloicsqwn, jµmU kSmIr vI Swiml sn, kul 8 jixAW ny dsvIN jmwq pws kIqI sI), Ajy &OjdwrI jW isvl kwƒn jW AdwlqW vI nhIN sn bxIAW ies kr ky srkwrI AdwlqW dy bweIkwt dw svwl hI nhIN sI[ Ajy dyS ivc vlYqI kpVy dw nW-inSwn vI nhIN sI ies kr ky ivdySI kpiVAW dI ivroDqw dw mqlb hI nhIN sI[ (fwktr gµfw isµG dw lyK „kUkw lihr‟, ikqwb pµjwb: BweI joD isµG AiBnµdn gRµQ, s&w 115 qoN 122)[ nwmDwrIAW dI AKOqI „svdySI lihr‟ dw crcw 1922 qk hrigz nhIN sI[ nwmDwrI kwlw isµG dIAW ikqwbW „ShId iblws (1913)‟ Aqy „pµQ pRkwS (1914)‟ ivc AijhI iksy g`l dw izkr nhIN imldw[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik nwmDwrIAW ƒ vfyry qy aucyry swibq krn vwsqy ieh pRwpygµfw kWgrs ny SurU kIqw hovy[ aunHW dw inSwnw gurU gRµQ swihb dy mukwbly ivc dyhDwrI gurUfµm KVw krn vwsqy rwm isµG dI S^sIAq auBwrnw vI ho skdw hY[ XwnI kWgrsI iek qIr nwl do iSkwr krnw cwhuµdy sn[ pr ieh swrIAW JUTIAW khwxIAW qvwrI^ dw ryp krnw hY[

rwm isµG ny kdy ^ud ƒ „gurU‟ nhIN sI mµinAw[ auh qW SryAwm gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ gurU AwK ky isr JukwauNdw sI[ aus dIAW ilKIAW ic`TIAW ivcoN ieh l&z kwbly-gOr hn: „„mYN qW gurU nhIN rptIey dI mw&k hW[ 10[‟‟ (cyq vdI 2, swl 1937, ibkrmI, Xwin 1880 dI ic`TI) „„gurUAW gurU gRµQ swihb gurU hY, so sbd gurU[ 18[‟‟ „„mYN qW nw gurU bxn dI loV hY, nw mYN gurU hW, mYˆ qW hukmI bµdw hW[ 23[[‟‟ „„hor BweI dsW pwqSwhIAW qoN ipCY gurU qW mhwrwj jI gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ iesQwpn kr gey sn, jo sdw hI iesiQq hY, hor gurU koeI nhIN[[ 55[[‟‟

(ieh sB ic`TIAW fw. gµfw isµG dI ikqwb „kUikAW dI iviQAw‟ ivc CpIAW hoeIAW hn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

koier isMG cMdrw

BweI koier isMG cMdrw aunHW pMjW is`KW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW nUM 1698 ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dI syvw-sMBwl vwsqy ByijAw sI[ gurU dw c`k Byjy jwx bwry BweI koier isMG dw izkr “ShId iblws” (ilKq B`t syvw isMG kOiSS) ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

pMc isMG gYl kIey iqAwr[ BUpq isMG AO isMG gulzwr[ cµdrw kOier isMG, isMG dwn, pMcm kIrq isMG sujwn[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

koier isMG

koier isMG dw Asl nW ibSn cMd sI (auh ikqwb ivc ibSn hir/ ivSnU hir/ kWq hir aunwm vrqdw hY)[ kuier isMG ^ud nUM klwl dsdw hY[ auh kihMdw hY ik auh kMboAW dy ivhVy (muh`ly) ivc rihMdw sI (auh ngr nhIN dsdw); pr, ikauNik auh dwAvw krdw hY ik aus ny ieh khwxI BweI mnI isMG qoN sux ky ilKI hY; ies kr ky auh lwhOr vwsI ho skdw hY[ auh ^ud nUM nwm-mwqR dw is`K kihMdw hY[

aus ny ikqwb ‘guriblws pwqswhI 10’ dI rcnw kIqI sI[ ies rcnw ivc 2938 CMd hn (ijnHW ivcoN 2901 ibRj BwSw ivc hn)[ ies ikqwb dw nW ‘BweI mnI isMG dw guriblws’ iliKAw vI imldw hY[ kvI dwAvw krdw hY ik aus ny ies dI rcnw 1751 ivc kIqI sI; pr ieh shI nhIN hY; aus dI ilKq Swied 1797 qoN vI bwAd dI hovy[ ies lyKk ny gurU goibMd isMG nUM imQhwsk dyvI durgw dw Bgq swibq krn dI kiSS kIqI hY[

ies rcnw ivc hor vI bhq swrIAW g`pW dI Brmwr hY ijvyN:
AnMdpur ‘qy hmly ivc cwlHI l`K qoN vD &Oj Swiml sI,
swihbzwidAW ny lVweI ivc 2-2 l`K duSmx mwr id`qy sn,
gurU goibMd isMG muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh nwl ptnw,
kwSI, AXuiDAw Awid I qIrQ Xwqrw qy gey qy keI swl GuMmdy rhy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikclU, sY&-aud-dIn

sY&-aud-dIn ikclU (15.1.1888 – 9.10.1963), pu`qr AzIz-aud-dIn, dw jnm AMimRqsr ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dy vfy-vfyry bwrwmUlw kSmIr dy bRwhmx sn jo pSmInw qy kysr dy vpwrI sn[ aus ny kyNbirj XUnIvristI ieMglYNf Aqy jrmnI dIAW XUnIvristIAW ivcoN vkwlq Aqy pI.AYc. fI. dIAW ifgrIAW hwisl kIqIAW[ 1913 ivc aus ny rwvlipMfI ivc vkwlq SurU kIqI[ 1915 ivc auh AMimRqsr Aw igAw[

1919 ivc jdoN AMgryzW ny rOlt AYkt lwgU kIqw qW aus ny Aqy fw. sqpwl ny ies dy i^lw& bhuq zbrdsq lihr clweI[ aus ny bhuq swrIAW mIitMgW Aqy iek`TW ivc lYkcr kIqy[ fw. ikclU bVw zbrdsq bulwrw sI qy AMgryz aus dIAW qkrIrW qoN bhuq frdy sn[ 4 ApRYl 1919 dy idn aus dy lYkcrW’qy pwbMdI lw id`qI geI (ies qoN mgroN vI aus dIAW qkrIrW ’qy keI vwr pwbMdI lweI geI sI)[ 10 ApRYl dy idn aus nUM qy fw. sqpwl nUM igR&qwr kr ky Drmswlw Byj id`qw igAw[ aus dI igR&qwrI dy i^lw& lokW ny muzwhry kIqy[ ies sbMD ivc 13 ApRYl dy idn jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc ho rhy iek iek`T ivc jnrl fwier ny golIAW clw ky sYNkVy lokW nUM mwr id`qw[ ies Gtnw kr ky aus dw nW ‘jilHAW vwlw bwZ dw hIro’ vjoN jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ auDr fw. ikclU ’qy d&w 124 hyT muk`dmw clw ky aus nUM aumr kYd dI szw suxweI geI[ pr, brqwnvI srkwr v`loN Awm muAw&I dw bhwnw lw ky aus dI szw vI muAw& kr ky aus nuM 26 dsMbr 1919 dy idn irhw kr id`qw igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny vkwlq C`f id`qI Aqy swrw smW AwzwdI dI lihr ivc lwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ aus ny 1921 dI isvl nw &urmwnI lihr ivc vI ih`sw ilAw[

jYqo moorcy dOrwn is`KW nwl hmdrdI dw iezhwr krn vwsqy auh 21 &rvrI 1924 dy idn jYqo igAw, ij`Qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ iesy swl aus nUM kWgrs pwrtI dw jnrl sk`qr cux ilAw igAw[ 1929 ivc pyS kIqy gey ‘pUrn AwzwdI’ dy mqy dI pRoVHqw aus ny hI kIqI sI[aus ny 1931 dI isvl nw &urmwnI lihr ivc vI ih`sw ilAw[ iesy swl aus nUM pMjwb kWgrs dw pRDwn cux ilAw igAw[

auh pwiksqwn dI mMg dw k`tV ivroDI sI[ sMn 1947 qk aus nUM keI vwr igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ aus ny ipCly 28 swl ivcoN 14 swl jylHW ivc ibqwey sn[

1947 ivc auh ‘vrlf pIs’ (sMswr Amn) lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw[ aus nUM ‘Awl ieMfIAw pIs kONsl’ dw pRDwn Aqy vrlf pIs kwaUNsl dI pRIzIfIAm dw mYNbr bxwieAw igAw[ aus nUM 1952 ivc ‘stwiln pIs pRweIz’ nwl invwijAw igAw[

ikclU pMjwbI sUbw dI mMg dw v`fw ihmwieqI sI[ 22 meI 1960 dy idn hoeI pMjwbI sUbw knvYnSn dI pRDwngI aus ny hI kIqI sI[ aus dI mOq 1963 ivc id`lI ivc hoeI sI[ aus nUM SrDWjlI dyx vwsqy luiDAwxw ivc iek ielwky dw nW ikclU ngr r`iKAw igAw hY[ aus dI Xwd ivc fwk itkt vI jwrI kIqI geI sI:

sY&-aud-dIn ikclU

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikSnw cOhwn

BweI ikSnw ny 27 ApRYl 1635 dy idn krqwrpur (jlMDr) dI lVweI ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ BweI ikSnw kOljI dws (kaulw) dw pu`qr qy BweI AMbIAw hjwvq dw poqw qy BweI audY krn dw pVpoqw sI[ ieh cOhwn rwjpUq brwdrI dy BweI hjwvq dy prvwr nwl sbMDq sI[ BweI audY krn dw pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN hI gurU Gr nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ BweI ikSnw dy ipqw kOljI dws Aqy Brw pdmw Aksr CyvyN pwiqSwh nwl hI irhw krdy sn[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr ‟coN irhw ho ky pihlI vwrI 28 dsMbr 1620 dy idn AMimRqsr Awey qW kOljI dws vI aunHW dy nwl hI sI[ jdoN gurU jI ny &Oj bxweI qW pdmw, ikSnw, pdmw dy pu`qr j`gU vI ies &Oj ivc Swiml hoey[ikSnw ny AMimRqsr qy mihrwj dI lVweI ivc AwpxI bhwdrI dy ^Ub jOhr idKwey sn[ 26 ApRYl 1635 dy idn guru jI dy nmk-hrwm jrnYl pYNdy ^wn ny muZl ispwhIAW ƒ lY ky krqwrpur ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ieh lVweI iqMn idn c`lI sI[ ikSnw ies lVweI ivc mUhry ho ky liVAw sI[ dUjy idn 27 ApRYl dI lVweI ivc vI BweI ikSnw sB qoN A`gy ho ky liVAw sI[ies idn vI aus ny keI hmlwvrW ƒ mwirAw qy A^Ir Awp vI ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[

BweI ikSnw bwry “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI (Kwqw hjwvqoN kw)” ivc ieh ieMdrwj imldw hY:„ikSnw bytw kauly kw, poqw AMbIey kw, pVpoqw audYkrn kw, bqs goqr cwhmwn AwT my sy kurw hjwvq AwibAwnw, swl solW sY bwnmyN bYswK pRivSty qIs somvwr ky idhuM, gurU kw hukm pwie krqwrpur ky mlHwn prgxw jlMDr, swmHy mwQy jUJ kir mrw, Awgy gurU Bwxy kw KwivMd, gurU kI giq gurU jwxy ‟.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikSn isMG gVg`j

BweI ikSn isMG gVg`j (1889 – 27.2.1926), pu`qr BweI &qh isMG dw jnm ipMf biVMg (nyVy jlMDr CwvxI) ivc hoieAw sI[ skUl dI ividA hwisl krn mgroN auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw qy hvwldwr myjr dy Ahudy qk phuMc igAw[ ienHW cwr-pMj swlW ivc is`K gurduAwrw rkwb gMj dI dIvwr Fwhux dy i^lw& j`dojihd, kwmwgwtwmwrU dy is`K muswi&rW nwl izAwdqI qy bjbj Gwt swkw, rOlt AYkt qy jilHAW vwlw bwZ GtnwvW dy sogI mwhOl ivcoN lMG rhy sn[ ies sB ny aus dy mn ‟qy bhuq Asr kIqw qy aus ny &Oj ivc huMidAW hI AMgryzW dy i^lw& pRcwr krnw SurU kr id`qw[ ies ‟qy aus dw kort mwrSl kIqw igAw[ ieMj 15 swl dI nOkrI mgroN auh Gr muiVAw[ aunHIN idnIN hI, 20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw ho igAw[ 25 qoN 27 mwrc 1921 dy idn huiSAwrpur ivc hoeI is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs ivc aus dw myl mwstr moqw isMG nwl hoieAw[ dohW ny &Yslw kIqw ik is`KW nUM SWqmeI C`f ky hiQAwrbMd j`dojihd SurU krnI cwhIdI hY[ hr pwsy crcw sI ik BwvyN zwhrw qOr qy nwnkwxw swihb dw kqlyAwm mhµq nrYx dws qy aus dy ikrwey dy guµifAW ny kIqw hY pr ies dI izµmydwrI imstr ikµg (cI& kimSnr lwhOr), imstr krI (fI. sI. lwhOr), imstr bOirµg (suprfYNt sI.AweI.fI.), krqwr isµG bydI, bsµq dws mwxk, mMgl isMG kUkw Awid dI vI brwbr dI hY[ ies kr ky ienHW izµmydwr S^sW ƒ soDx (kql krn) dw mqw pws kIqw igAw[ies muihMm ivc dlIp isµG (swDVw), qwrw isµG (TyTr), bylw isµG (GolIAw), qoqw isMG (ipSwvr), nrYx isµG (cwtIivµf), vqn isµG (knyfIAn) Swiml ho cuky sn[

sB qoN pihlw AYkSn bOirµg (suprfYNt sI.AweI.fI.) dy kql dw cuixAw igAw[ pr 23 meI 1921 ƒ ies muihµm ‟qy inkly bylw isµG qy gµfw isµG ƒ swDU isµG (lwhOr) ny igR&qwr krvw id`qw[ mgroN gµfw isµG vwAdw muAw& gvwh bx igAw ijs kr ky cYNcl isµG knyfIAn (jµifAwlw), Twkr isµG (Byjovwl), cqr isµG (jyTUvwl), pRym isG gRµQI (cumwlw swihb), ibSn isµG (Syrpur, pitAwlw), swDU isµG sUhIAw vZYrw igR&qwr kIqy gey sn[ ies kys ivc qwrw isµG TyTr, qoqw isµG ipSwvr, bylw isµG GolIAw, nrYx isµG cwtIivµf, Amr isµG kot bwry ^wn, pRym isµG cumwlw dy i^lwP 8 nvµbr 1921 ƒ kys clwieAw igAw[

ienHW qoN ielwvw mwstr moqw isµG, ikSn isµG gVg`j, ibjlw isµG GVUAW, gurbcn isµG ikSnpurw qy Amr isµG idhlxI ƒ m&rUr krwr idqw igAw[ 18 meI 1922 dy idn Adwlq ny ies kys dw &Yslw kIqw; ies hyT qoqw isMG qy qwrw isMG TyTr nUM pMj-pMj swl, bylw isMG GolIAw (knyfw vwlw Zdwr nhIN) nUM cwr swl, cMcl isMG jMifAwlw nUM iek swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI[ gMfw isMG, jo vwAdw muAw& gvwh bixAw sI, aus nUM Aqy Amr isMG (kot b`fy), nYx isMG (cwtI ivMf), pRym isMG gRMQI nUM sbUqW dI Gwt dy nW ‟qy brI kIqw igAw[ ies kys ivc mwstr moqw isMG, ikSn isMG gVgj, gurbcn isMG AMbwlw, vqn isMG kwhrI swhrI, Amr isMG id`lI, ibjlw isMG igR&qwr nhIN ho sky sn ies kr ky ieh swry m&rUr krwr id`qy gey[ies mgroN BweI ikSn isµG gVg`j ny m&rUr (ckrvrqI) rih ky „ckrvrqI jQw‟ bxw ilAw[ ies jQy dw mksd pµQ doKIAW ƒ szw dyxw, twaUtW qy JolI cu`kW ƒ soDxw, AµgryzW dy i^lw& pRcwr krnw sI[ aunHIN idnIN BweI ikSn isµG qoN ielwvw BweI krm isµG dOlqpurI vI Aijhw hI iek vKrw jQw bxw ky kwrvweIAW kr irhw sI[ kuJ icr mgroN ies soc dy swry is`K iekTy ho gey qy aunHw ny sWJIAW kwrvweIAW krnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ aunHW ny iek ^uPIAw A^bwr vI SurU kr ilAw[ ies A^bwr dw AYfItr krm isµG dOlqpurI sI[ auh Awpxy nW nwl „bbr‟ q^`lus iliKAw krdw sI[ hOlI-hOlI ienHW dy jQy dw nW „bbr AkwlI jQw‟ mShUr ho igAw[ ies jQy dI A^bwr „gVg`j AkwlI‟ ny bhuq swry KwVkUAW ƒ Awpxy nwl joV ilAw[ hOlI-hOlI ies jQy ivc bhuq swry nOjvwn Swiml ho gey[

6 jnvrI 1923 dy idn ikhr isMG iJMgV dI ZdwrI kwrn iqMn sInIAr bbr AkwlI dlIp isMG gosl, krm isMG iJMgV qy Awqmw isMG bIkw igR&qwr kr ley gey[ aunHW nUM bbr srgrmIAW krn 5-5 swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI[ mgroN jdoN bbr swzs kys clwieAw igAw qW aunHW „qy dobwrw muk`dmw clwieAw igAw Aqy „kwly pwxI‟ (AMfymwn jylH ivc) Byjx dI szw idqI geI[

bbrW ny bhuq swry sUhIey, jgIrdwr qy hor mujirm kql kIqy[

1922 qoN 1924 qk bbr AkwlI lihr Awpxy isKr ‟qy sI[ pr, ies lihr dy dOrwn hI keI AwgU igR&qwr kr ley gey[ bbr AkwlI lihr dy moFI jQydwr ikSn isMG gVgj nUM 26 &rvrI 1923 dy idn igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ bwkIAW ivcoN swry muKI AwgU ShId ho gey[ krm isµG dOlqpur, ibSn isµG, mihµdr isµG bbylI ‟c 1 sqµbr 1923 dy idn, DMnw isMG bihblpur 26 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn, bµqw isµG DwmIAW qy jvwlw isµG 12 dsµbr 1923 dy idn mMfyr ivc, virAwm isµG Du`gw 8 jUn 1924 dy idn AYkSn dy dOrwn ShId ho gey[ ies nwl ies lihr dw pRcMf rUp ^qm ho igAw[

bbrW dy kys ivc 96 isµGW ƒ igR&qwr kr ky aunHW ‟qy mukdmw clwieAw igAw[ kys dOrwn bbrW ny pYrvI krn qoN nWh kr id`qI[ blik ikSn isMG gVg`j ny qW Adwlq ivc ibAwn dy ky SryAwm AYkSn krnw kbUl kIqw Aqy ikhw ik „AsIN AMgryzI AdwlqW nUM nhIN mMndy Aqy Drm vwsqy jwnW dyx vwsqy hr vyly iqAwr hW[‟

igR&qwr 96 bbrW ivcoN 5 pihloN hI brI kr idqy gey, swDw isMG pMforI in`JrW Aqy suMdr isMG hXwqpur muk`dmy dOrwn jylH ivc cVHweI kr gey qy bwkI 89 ivcoN 6 ƒ &WsI qy 49 ƒ v`K-v`K imAwd dIAW kYdW idqIAW geIAW[ 34 bbrW ‟qy kys swibq nw ho sikAw qy auh C`fxy pey[ 28 &rvrI 1925 ƒ pµj bbrW ƒ &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ ieh pµj sn: ikSn isµG gVg`j, sµqw isµG inDVk DwmIAW, dlIp isµG BuJµgI DwmIAW, nµd isµG GuiVAwl qy krm isµG hrIpur[ mgroN hweI kort ny

Drm isµG ihAwqpur ruVkI ƒ vI &WsI dI szw idqI[

28 &rvrI 1925 ƒ jdoN Aµgryz j`j ny bbrW dy mukdmy dw &Yslw suxwieAw qW aus ny bbrW ƒ ikhw ik auh cwhux qW ApIl kr skdy hn[ ies qy ikSn isµG gVg`j ny jvwb idqw:

“AsIN koeI ApIl nhIN krnI[ AsW jo kuJ kIqw hY AwpxI jwn bcwaux leI nhIN kIqw[ AsW pµQ dy vYrIAW, GwqIAW Aqy doKIAW dw suDwr kIqw hY[ swfy Brw, gurU Arjn swihb jI Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI vwlI purAmn jµg kr rhy hn[ AsW gurU hirgoibµd swihb jI Aqy gurU goibµd isµG swihb jI vwlw jµg kIqw hY[ AsW koeI is`K Drm qoN ault g`l nhIN kIqI[ jd swfy grUAW ny jwn dI prvwh nw kIqI qy auh s`cy SihnSwh Aqy do jhwn dy vwlI sn, qd swƒ mOq dI kI prvwh ho skdI hY[”

“AsIN Awpxy gurU dy is`K hW[ ijvyN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI ny ies dyh dw TIkrw AOrµgzyb dy isr qy Bµn id`qw sI, AsIN vI AwpxIAW dyhW dy TIkry lwfr rYifµg Aqy mYlkm hylI dy isr Bµndy hW[ AsIN &rµgI AdwlqW dy iensw& ‟qy ieqbwr nhIN krdy[ AsIN pUry nwimlvrqxIey hW, ies leI AsIN koeI ApIl nhIN krnw cwhuµdy[”

“Awp AYvyN ApIl-spIl ivc vkq nw guAwE Aqy swƒ Jbdy &WsI cwhV idE[ jy kr Awp, ijµnI CyqI ieh SuB kµm ho sky krogy, qW AsIN Awpxy bVy Sukr guzwr hovWgy, ikauNik AsW Awpxy pRIqm dy dyS pu`jxw hY[ ies JUTy sµswr ƒ ijµnI CyqI C`fIey Enw hI cMgw hY[”

“ApIl qW qd krIey jy kr AsW koeI pwp kIqw hovy[ AsW auho kuJ kIqw hY jo kuJ gurU hirgoibµd swihb jI Aqy gurU goibµd isµG swihb jI ny kIqw sI[ aunHW ny vI ies qrHW dw kµm koeI rwj lYx vwsqy nhIN kIqw sI, blik swfw vI auho inSwnw hY[ ies leI AsW Awpxy gurU swihb dI pYrvI kIqI hY, koeI gunwh nhIN kIqw qW qy AsIN ApIl nhIN krWgy[”

26 PrvrI 1926 dy idn fwktr ny &WsI vwly CyAW is`KW dw muAwienw kIqw[ aus fwktr muqwibk auh swry Cy dy Cy, swrw smW Sbd pVHdy Aqy iek-dUjy nUM vDweIAW dyNdy rhy sn; qy ienHW ivcoN vI sB qoN vD ^uS BuJMgI nMd isMG sI, ijvyN ik aus dw ivAwh hovy[ 27 PrvrI nUM svyr dy 8 vjy BweI pRym isMG gRMQI lwhOr jylH pu`jy[ 8 vj ky 3 imMt ‟qy jylH ivcoN au~cI-au~cI Sbd pVHn dIAW AwvwzW SurU ho geIAW[ pihlW ikSn isMG gVg`j, bwbU sMqw isMG qy dlIp isMG nUM &WsI dy q^qy ‟qy iljwieAw igAw[ iek GMty ivc aunHW nUM &WsI dyx dI kwrvweI mukMml kIqI jw cukI sI[ ies qoN bwAd 9 vj ky 7 imMt ‟qy Pyr jYkwirAW dI Awvwz AweI[ ies vwr krm isMG, Drm isMG qy BuJMgI nMd isMG nUM &WsI dy q^qy v`l iljwieAw jw irhw sI[ swFy nON vjy iek ispwhI jylH ivcoN AwieAw qy aus ny ikhw ik jy koeI vwirs hn qW lwSW iljw skdy hn[ sMgqW ivcoN iek jxw motr dw pRbMD krn clw igAw[ jd kw&I dyr qk motr nw Aw skI qW sMgqW ny g`ifAW ‟qy kMbl ivCw ky iqMn g`ifAW qy Cy dyhW r`KIAW Aqy Sbd pVHdy hoey golbwg qoN huMdy hoey rwDwkuMf SmSwn iljw ky CyAW dw iek`iTAW dw sskwr kIqw.

ikSn isMG gVgj dw iek icqr

 

CyAW bbrW dIAW imRqk dyhW (sskwr qoN pihlW)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikSn kOr mweI

mweI ikSn kOr (1856 – 10.8.1952) dw jnm BweI sUbw isMG dy Gr, luiDAwxw izlHw dy ipMf lohgVH ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN ieh prvwr ipMf dODr jw ky rihx lg ipAw sI[ 1974-75 ivc ikSn kOr dw ivAwh BweI hrnwm isMG (vwsI ipMf kwauNky, izlHw luiDAwxw) nwl hoieAw[ hrnwm isMG &Oj ivc sI qy auh brmw (imAWmwr) ivc qweInwq sI; ies kr ky ikSn kOr vI aus dy nwl brmw (imAWmwr) clI geI[ eyQy aus ny do pu`qrW qy iek DI nUM jnm id`qw[ iqMny b`cy in`kI aumr ivc hI cVHweI kr gey[

kuJ smW mgroN aus dw Grvwlw vI cVHweI kr igAw[ aus dI mOq mgroN auh kwauNky Aw geI qy pMQk syvw ivc ih`sw pwaux lg peI[ 1912 ivc aus ny ipMf ivc gurduAwrw gurUsr bxwaux ivc bhuq v`fw ih`sw pwieAw[

1920 ivc jd gurduAwrw suDwr lihr c`lI qW aus ny ies ivc vI ih`sw pwieAw[ nwnkwxw swihb dy swky (20 &rvrI 1921) mgroN auh nwnkwxw swihb clI geI qy sMgqW dI syvw krdI rhI[

gurU dw bwZ morcw (Agsq 1920) smyN auh AMimRqsr Aw geI Aqy z^mIAW dI syvw krdI rhI[ aus ny mukqsr dy gurduAwry Azwd krvwaux dI j`dojihd ivc vI ih`sw pwieAw[

1924 ivc jdoN jYqO morcw l`gw qW ieh du`lw isMG qy su`cw isMG rofy nwl iml ky kYdIAW nUM rsd vZYrw phuMcwaux Aqy ^u&IAw jwxkwrI iek`TI kr ky SRomxI kmytI Aqy jiQAW qk phuMcwaux dI syvw krdI rhI[AOrq hox kr ky pihlW qW pulIs ny S`k nw kIqw pr jd AslIAq swhmxy AweI qW aus nUM bZwvq dy doS ivc cwrj kIqw igAw Aqy Adwlq ny ikSn kOr, du`lw isMG qy su`cw isMG rofy qy ienHW dy swQIAW nUM s`q-s`q swl s^q kYd dI szw id`qI sI[

mweI ikSn kOr cwr swl kYd Bugqx mgroN 30 jUn 1928 dy idn irhw kIqI geI[ irhweI mgroN vI auh pMQk syvw ivc ih`sw pwauNdI rhI[ aus ny 96 swl dI aumr ivc gurduAwrw gurUsr kwauNky ivc Aw^rI swh ley.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikrpwl isMG Awritst

ikrpwl isMG Awritst (10.12.1923 – 26.4.1990), pu`qr s. Bgq isMG, dw jnm ipMf cYn isMG vwlw (izlHw &Irozpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dy ipqw qrKwxw kMm krdy sn; ies kr ky aus ny vI lkVI ’qy KudweI dw kMm is`K ilAw[ mwlI hwlq kmzor hox kr ky auh kwlj dI ividAw hwisl nw kr sikAw[ 1947 ivc ieh prvwr jlMDr clw igAw[ eyQy aus ny pyNtr dw kMm SurU kr ilAw[ sn 1952 ivc auh id`lI clw igAw qy iPr hirAwxw dy ngr ieMdrI ivc Aw igAw[

aus dIAW bxweIAW qsvIrW dI pihlI numwieS 26 jUn 1955 dy idn krnwl ivc lweI geI sI[ ienHW qsvIrW nUM vyK ky mwstr qwrw isMG ny aus nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI v`loN drbwr swihb ivc bxwey jw rhy Ajwieb Gr vwsqy qsvIrW bxwaux dI syvw sONpI[ aus ny 1956 qoN 1962 qk ies Ajwieb Gr vwsqy 36 qsvIrW bxweIAW jo Aj vI au~Qy mOjUd hn[

1962 ivc auh cMfIgVH clw igAw[ eyQy aus ny v`K-v`K Ajwieb GrW vwsqy qsvIrW iqAwr kIqIAW[ aus ny ieiqhwsk S^sIAqW, GtnwvW, kudrqI nzwirAW Awid dIAW qsvIrW iqAwr kIqIAW[ aus dIAW qsvIrW pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw, AYgrIklcrl XUnIvristI luiDAwxw, cMfIgVH Awrt gYlrI, kysgVH swihb AnMdpur, ptnw swihb, gurduAwrw mihdIAwxw swihb Awid ivc lgIAW hoeIAW hn[

aus dI mOq 67 swl dI aumr ivc cMfIgVH ivc hoeI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikrpwl isMG (mwmw)

(mwmw) ikrpwl isMG ƒ 3 jnvrI 1724 dy idn ShId kIqw igAw sI[ ieh BweI lwl cMd suiB`KI dw Cotw bytw sI[ ies dI v`fI BYx mwqw gujrI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI pqnI Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI mwqw sI[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy ivAwh vyly ieh pirvwr krqwrpur (jlMDr) rihMdw sI Aqy mgroN lKnOr (izlHw AMbwlw) ivc clw igAw sI[

mwmw ikrpwl (isMG) dw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI nwl bVw ipAwr sI[ auh Aksr gurU swihb dy nwl hI irhw krdw sn[ jdoN 1656 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr jI ibhwr, bMgwl Aqy Aswm dy 8 swlw dOry ’qy gey sn qW auh vI gurU swihb dy nwl igAw sI[ ies dOry dOrwn 18 dsMbr 1661 dy idn (gurU) goibMd isMG jI dw jnm ptnw ivc hoieAw[ ieh aunHW dI dyK-Bwl vwsqy ptnw ivc irhw sI[ ies mgroN gurU qyZ bhwdr BwvyN ^ud qW 1664 ivc pMjwb Aw gey sn pr mwmw ikrpwl ptnw ivc hI irhw sI[ mgroN 1670 ivc jdoN (gurU) goibMd isMG pMjwb Aw gey qW ieh vI Awpxy Bwxjy Aqy BYx (mwqw gujrI) dy nwl ptnw qoN Aw igAw sI[

1670 qoN mgroN vI ieh gurU qyZ bhwdr jI nwl aunHW dI ShIdI (11 nvMbr 1675) qk, Aqy mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI dy nwl irhw sI[ ApRYl 1685 ivc jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb nwhn gey qW ieh vI aunHW dy nwl hI igAw sI[ ie`Qy Awaux mgroN gurU jI ny pwauNtw swihb dy iklHy dI nINh r`KI Aqy au~Qy rihx l`g pey[ mwmw ikrpwl ny vI gurU swihb dy nwl hI pwauNtw ivc hI rihxw SurU kr id`qw[

18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn gVHvwl dy rwjy &qih Swh ny pwauNtw swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw [ ies lVweI ivc mwmw ikrpwl vI ih`sw ilAw sI[ AkqUbr 1688 ivc jdoN gurU jI pwauNtw qoN vwips c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur swihb) Aw gey qW mwmw ikrpwl vI aunHW dy nwl AwieAw sI[ jdoN gurU jI ny KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU kIqI qW auh pwhul lY ky ikrpwl isMG bx igAw sI[ ApRYl 1705 ivc jdoN gurU swihb ny mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy swihb kOr ƒ swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dI Gr vwlI bIbI qwrw kOr nwl id`lI nUM toirAw sI qW mwmw ikrpwl isMG ƒ vI aunHW dy nwl ByijAw sI[ auh ies mgroN id`lI ivc hI itikAw irhw sI[

dsMbr 1710 dy A^Ir ivc jdoN bhwdr Swh ny is`KW ivc Pu`t puAwaux vwsqy bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dy i^lw& pwilq AjIq isMG ƒ KVw kIqw Aqy gurU dw c`k

(AMimRqsr) aus dy hvwly kr id`qw qW mwmw ikrpwl isMG vI pwilq dy nwl au~Qy AwieAw sI[ aus ny gurU dw c`k dI syvw-sMBwl vwsqy v`K-v`K is`KW dIAW ifaUtIAW lweIAW[ (ies dI q&sIl kysr isMG iC`br ny “bMswvlI nwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW dw” dy cODvyN cYptr (bMd 5 qoN 22 q`k) ivc id`qI hoeI hY)[ ies mOky ’qy mwmw ikrpwl isMG kw&I icr BweI mnI isMG pws vI mihmwn bx ky irhw sI[

1712 qoN mgroN mwmw ikrpwl isMG iPr id`lI clw igAw sI[ r`b dI krxI iek idn pwilq AjIq isMG h`QoN iek muslmwn, &kIr dI byie`zqI hoeI; aus ƒ kuJ s`t-Pyt vI l`g geI qy auh Acwnk mr igAw[ ies Gtnw mgroN muslmwn &kIrW ny byvzw hwl-pwhirAw kIqw[ ies ’qy gu`sy ivc Aw ky id`lI dy hwkmW ny pwilq AjIq isMG ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw ies dy nwl hI 60 dy krIb hor is`K ijnHW dw pwilq nwl zrw-mwsw vI sbMD sI, vI igR&qwr kr ley gey[ ienHW 60 is`KW ivc mwmw ikrpwl isMG, mwqw swihb kOr dw Brw swihb isMG qy cOpw isMG vI sn[ ienHW swirAW ƒ 3 jnvrI 1724 dy idn kql kr id`qw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikRpwl dws audwsI

ikRpwl dws iek audwsI swDU sI[ auh kuJ smW gurU goibMd isMG jI kol pwaUNtw swihb ivc irhw sI[ 8 sqMbr 1688 dy idn jd gVHvwl dy rwjw &qih Swh ny Akwrx hI gurU jI ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ aus vyly ikRpwl dws gurU jI dy kol hI rih irhw sI[ ies ny vI lVweI ivc ih`sw ilAw[ ies ny Awpxy kuqky (soty) nwl &qih Swh dy iek jrnYl hXwq ^wn nUM mwr id`qw sI[

mgroN ieh gurU jI nUM C`f igAw sI qy ies ny hyhr (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc iek fyrw kwiem kr ilAw sI[ dsMbr 1705 ivc jd gurU goibMd isMG jI AnMdpur C`f ky dInw kWgV v`l gey qW auh rwh ivc 17 dsMbr 1705 dy idn hyhr ivc ies kol iek rwq vwsqy ruky sn[ Agly idn auh gurU jI dy plMG nUM moFw dy ky do iklomItr qk nwl igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikRpwl cMd ktoc (kWgVw)

ikrpwl cMd ktoc 1696 ivc kWgVw dw rwjw sI[ &rvrI 1696 ivc lwhOr dy ifptI gvrnr idlwvr ^wn ny kWgVy dy iklyHdwr husYn ^wn ƒ &Oj dy ky phwVW v`l ByijAw[ husYn ^wn ny AnMdpur swihb v`l mUMh krn dI bjwie is`DI phwVI rwijAW ’qy cVHweI kr id`qI[ fFvwlIey qy iblwspurIey rwijAW ny pihloN qW husYnI dw twkrw kIqw pr A^Ir hiQAwr su`t id`qy[ husYn ^wn ny aunHW ƒ ies Srq ’qy muAw& kr id`qw ik ayuh AwpxIAW &OjW sxy aus dI muihMm ’c Swiml ho ky bwkI phwVI rwijAW ’qy hmlw krngy[ ies muihMm dOrwn muZl &OjW ny gulyr (hrIpur) irAwsq ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ gulyr dy rwjy gopwl ny smJOqw krn dI koiSS kIqI pr husYnI ny pUry dw pUrw mwmlw iek-dm lYx dI Srq r`K id`qI, ijhVI pUrI krnoN rwjw gopwl ny mjbUrI zwihr kIqI[

A^Ir rwjw gopwl ny gurU swihb dI mdd mMgI[ gurU swihb ny bicqr dws, sMgq rwie, hnUmMq rwie, lihnU, d`go vZYrw dI AgvweI ’c is`K &OjW ƒ rwjw gopwl dI mdd vwsqy ByijAw[ BweI sMgq rwie qy Cy hor is`K rwjw gopwl dw smJOqw krvwaux vwsqy pu`jy hoey sn, pr jdoN ikrpwl cMd ktocIey ny rwjw gopwl ƒ g`lbwq dOrwn igR&qwr krn dI koiSS kIqI qW rwjw b`c ky inkl igAw[ nqIjy vjoN dohW pwisAW qoN zbrdsq jMg hoeI[

18 &rvrI 1696 dy idn hoeI ies lVweI ivc is`K jrnYlW dy qIrW dI vwCV ny muZlW, Aqy aunHW qoN hwr ky ZulwmI kbUl krn vwly phwVI rjvwiVAW dIAW &OjW dy C`ky Cufw id`qy[ kWgVy dw iklyHdwr husYn ^wn qy aus dI keI phwVI swQI mwry gey[ is`KW iv`coN vI BweI lihnU, BweI sMgq, BweI hnUmMq, BweI drso qy iqMn hor is`K ShId ho gey[ BweI sMgq rwey mrn qoN pihlW qoN pihlW ikrpwl cMd ktocIey rwjy ƒ burI qrHW z^mI vI kr igAw[ ies lVweI ivc Ajmyr cMd iblwspurIey dI s`jI bWh ivc vI qIr v`jw ijs nwl auh burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ ies mgroN phwVI &OjW mYdwn ’coN hrn ho geIAW.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikrpw isMG d`q (ikrpw rwm d`q)

is`K qvwrI^ ivc BweI ikrpw rwm d`q dw izkr vDyry kr ky gurU qyg bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI dI swKI ivc AwauNdw hY[ aus swKI muqwibk 25 meI 1675 dy idn 16 kSmIrI pMifq kSmIr dy ies pRmuK is`K ikrpw rwm dq dI auNgl PV ky c`k nwnkI Awey Aqy AOrMgzyb v`loN jbrI ieslwm PYlwaux dI muihMm qoN bcwaux vwsqy mdd mMgI sI[ ies bwry B`t vhIAW ’c ieh ieMdrwj imldw hY (ie`Qy pwhul lYx qoN pihlW aus dw nW ikrpw rwm hY):

BweI ikrpw rwm bytw AVU rwm kw, poqw nrYx dws kw, pVpoqw bRhm dws kw, bMs Twkr dws kI, d`q goqr muMJwl bRwhmx, vwsI mtn, dys kSmIr, sMbq sqrw sY b`qIs, jyT mwsy sudI iekwdSI ky idhuM, KoVs bRwhmxoN ko gYl lY, c`k nwnkI pRgxw kihlUr, gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mhl nwvW ky drbwr Awie PirAwdI hUAw [ gurU jI ny ienHy DIrj deI, bcn hoAw-” qusW kI r`iKAw bwbw nwnk krYgw[ (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI).

pr ikrpw rwm d`q Aqy aunHW dy pirvwr dw is`K pMQ nwl irSqw ies qoN bhuq purwxw hY[ ieh pirvwr gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`K pMQ dw ih`sw sI[ ikrpw rwm BweI Twkr dws muMJwl d`q bRwhmx pirvwr dI pIVHI ivcoN sn[ BweI Twkr dws kSmIr dy ksby mtn fy nyVy dy ipMf bIj ibhwVw dy rihx vwly sn[ gurU nwnk swihb jdoN kSmIr gey sn qW auh mtn ivcoN lMG ky gey sn qW pMifq ikrpw rwm dy pVdwdy pMifq bRhm dws nwl aunHW dI goSt vI hoeI sI[ bRhm dws kol ikqwbW dw iek v`fw BMfwr sI [ ijs dw auh mwx krdw sI[ gurU swihb ny aus dw hMkwr qoiVAw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny bRhm dws ƒ kSmIr ivc pRcwr dI mMjI b^SI sI[ bRhm dws dw iek hor Brw hircrn dws vI sI[ bRhm dws dw bytw nrYx dws sI [ nrYx dws dy do pu`qr sn: AlU rwm qy AVU rwm[ AVU rwm dy A`goN cwr pu`qr sn: snmuK dws, ikrpw rwm, iSv dws qy cylw rwm[ ikrpw rwm dy do byty sn: Drm cµd qy eISr dws[ ikrpw rwm dI mwqw dw nW sursqI sI[ ieh sursqI BweI gOqm iCbr (vwsI kirAwlw, izlHw ijhlm) dI bytI sI[ (CyvyN pwiqSwh dy jrnYl BweI pYrw qy ShId BweI prwgw bIbI sursqI dw Brw sn)[ ikrpw rwm dI pqnI dw nW suimqrw dyvI sI[

1620 ivc jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb kSmIr gey qW BweI nrYx dws (dwdw BweI ikrpw rwm d`q) ƒ vI imly sn [ ies qoN bwAd 1660 dI ApRYl ivc gurU hir rwie swihb vI BweI m`Kx Swh vxjwrw dy tWfy dy nwl kSmIr pu`jy sn[ Awp 20 ApRYl 1660 dy idn sRIngr ivc sn[ sRIngr qoN Awp BweI m`Kx Swh vxjwrw dy bwp BweI dwsw Aqy BweI ikrpw rwm d`q dy bwp BweI AVU rwm Aqy hor is`KW nwl mtn qy mwrqµf qoN huMdy hoey BweI m`Kx Swh dy ipMf tWfw lubwixAW ivc pu`jy sn[ ies mgroN Awp mtn gey ij`Qy Awp BweI AVU rwm dy Gr Tihry sn[

1661 ivc jdoN gurU hir rwie swihb ny Awpxy byty rwm rwie ƒ id`lI ByijAw qW aus dy nwl Byjy jwx vwly is`KW ivc AVH rwm d`q vI ssI[ ies qoN pqw l`gdw hY ik d`q pirvwr dI gurU swihb nwl bVI nyVqw sI[ AVU rwm Aksr kIrqpur AwieAw krdy sn qy keI keI idn au~Qy irhw krdy sn[ ijs idn gurU hir rwie swihb joqI joq smwey AVU rwm au~Qy hI sI[ aunHW dy h`Q hI gurU jI dy joqI-joiq smwaux dI ieqlwh id`lI dy is`KW ƒ ByjI geI sI[AVU rwm dy cVHweI kr jwx mgroN aunHW dw bytw ikrpw rwm d`q gurU Gr nwl lgwqwr juiVAw irhw sI[

ikrpw rwm 25 meI 1675 dy idn 16 pMifqW ƒ nwl lY ky Acwnk hI ‘c`k nwnkI’ nhIN sI AwieAw[ auh qW pihloN vI keI vwr gurU swihb kol Aw cu`kw sI[ ikrpw rwm d`q ptny ivc vI gurU swihb dy kol sI qy bkwly qy c`k nwnkI ivc vI AwauNdw rihMdw sI[ auh gurU goibMd isMG jI nUM sMsikRq pVHwauNdw irhw sI[ jd sqMbr 1670 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI ptny qoN pMjwb Awey sn qW auh vI gurU jI dy nwl hI sI[ ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

gurU goibMd dws jI bytw gurU qyZ bhwdr mhl nwmy kw, poqw gurU hir goibMd jI kw, pVpoqw gurU Arjn jI kw, bMs gurU rwm dws jI kI, gosl goqr, soFI KqrI, lKnOr Awey, prgnw AMbwlw, sMmq sqwrW sY sqweIs, ASvmwsy Suklw p`Ky nWvI ky idhuM[ gYl mwqw gujrI jI Awey, iesqrI gurU qyZ bhwdr jI kI, ikrpwl cMd AwieAw bytw lwl cMd suiBKI kw, swDU rwm AwieAw bytw Drmy Kosly kw, caupiq rwie AwieAw bytw pYry iCbr kw, guAwl dws AwieAw bytw Cut ml iC`br kw, ikrpw rwm AwieAw bytw AVU rwm d`q kw[ dsmIN ky roz mwmU imhr cMd ny gurU goibMd dws jI ko zmrUdI rMg kI pwg bMDweI[ isr-vwrnw kIAw (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI).

ieh g`l A`sU sudI nON qy ds, sMmq 1727 (13 qy 14 sqMbr 1670), dI hY[ gurU goibMd isMG jI audoN pOxy nO swl dy sn[ ies qoN pMj swl mgroN 1675 ivc ikrpw rwm d`q dI AgvweI ivc 16 kSmIrI pMifq Awey sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dI Shwdq (11 nvMbr 1675) qoN mgroN vI ikrpw rwm guru goibMd isMG jI dy drbwr ivc hwizr rihMdy sn[ jdoN gurU jI ny KMfy dI pwhul SurU kIqI qW sB qoN pihlW pMj ipAwirAW, iPr pMj mukiqAW qy Pyr BweI mnI isMG Aqy 10 hor is`KW ny KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI sI[ ienHW qoN mgroN Agly bYc ivc pwhul hwisl krn vwilAW ivc kvI brn, kvI AxI rwey, dXw rwm puroihq, gurb^S, ikrpw rwm Aqy aus dw Brw snmuK dws vI Swiml sn[ dohW d`q BrwvW dw nW qrqIbvwr ikrpw isMG Aqy snmuK isMG riKAw igAw sI[

ikrpw isMG qy snmuK isMG kw&I dyr c`k nwnkI ivc rhy[ jdoN meI 1705 ivc phwVI rwijAW ny AnMdpur swihb dI GyrwbMdI kIqI, audoN dovyN d`q Brw AwnMdpur swihb ivc hI sn[ jdoN gurU swihb AnMdpur swihb C`f ky cmkOr gey qW aunHW nwl rih jwx vwly 47 is`KW ivc ikrpw isMG qy snmu`K isMG vI sn[ sq dsMbr 1705 dI lVweI ivc dohW d`q BrwvW ny muZl &OjW dw f`t ky twkrw kIqw Aqy ShIdI pweI[ ies bwry B`t vhIAW ivc ieh ieMdrwj imldw hY (ie`Qy pwhul lYx mgroN aus dw nW ikrpw isMG hY):

juJwr isMG bytw gurU goibMd isMG jI mhl dsmy kw…sMmq sqrW sY bwsT, poK mwsy sudI qIj, vIrvwr ky idhuM…ikrpw isMG, bytw AVU rwm kw, snmuK isMG bytw AVU rwm kw, poqy nrYx dws ku muMJwl d`q bRwhmx, mukwm cmkOr, prgxw, ropV, qurk &Oj gYl, swmHy mwQy jUJ ky ShwdqW pwie gey[ Awgy gurU kI giq gurU jwxy (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikrpw rwm FkOlI

BweI ikrpw rwm ipMf FkOlI (nyVy zIrkpur) dw rihx vwlw sI[ 8 nvMbr 1688 dy idn gurU goibMd isMG jI mnImwjrw qoN ropV jwx smyN FkOlI ivc ruky sn[ ieh ipMf aus vyly iek jMgl vrgI QW sI[ ies ipMf dy cODrI eISr dws ny gurU jI nUM bhuq ipAwr nwl jI AwieAW AwiKAw[ cODrI ny gurU jI nUM bynqI kIqI ik ies ielwky ivc pwxI dI bhuq qot hY[ gurU jI ny aus nUM slwh id`qI ik ie`Qy bwaulI lwE[ gurU jI ny t`k lw ky bwaulI dI KudweI SurU krvweI[ ies ipMf ivc BweI ikrpw rwm nW dw iek qrKwx is`K rihMdw sI[ jd aus nuM gurU jI dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW auh AwpxI pqnI dysW nUM lY ky gurU jI dy drSn krn AwieAw[ gurU jI ny aus nUM ASIrvwd idqw[

mgroN lokW ny iek klipq khwxI GV leI ik ikrpw rwm ny gurU jI Awpxw duK d`isAw ik aus nUM ATrwh dw duK lgw hoieAw hY ijs kr ky aus dy Gr koeI AOlwd nhI hY[ klipq khwxI muqwibk gurU jI ny aus nUM sudI iekwdSI dy idn bwaulI ’qy jy ky ieSnwn krn vwsqy ikhw Aqy ikhw ik aus dw ATrwh ^qm ho jweygw qy aus dy Gr b`cw hovygw[ is`K Drm vr qy srwp dy isDWq nUM r`d krdw hY[ ieh khwxI ie`QoN dy gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb dy inrmly mhMqW ny GVI sI qW jo bwaulI dI mwnqw vD sky.

gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb FkOlI

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kIrqIAw

BweI kIrqIAw glotIAW ^urd (izlHw isAwlkot) dw vwsI sI[ auh gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU hirrwie swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ jd gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kYd sn qW auh keI vwr aunHW dy drSn dI qWG ivc au~Qy igAw sI[ 1659 ivc jd gurU hirrwie swihb isAwlkot Awey qW gurU jI iqMn-cwr mhIny aus kol rhy sn[ auh gurU jI dw cOr-brdwr (injI syvwdwr) sI[ jd gurU jI ny rwm rwey nUM idlI ByijAw sI qW auh aus dy nwl igAw sI[ ‘gurU kIAW swKIAW’ muqwibk auh kotlw inhMg ^wn qk rwm rwie dy nwl irhw sI qy jdoN gurU hr rwie jI v`loN rwm rwie nUM iqAwgx dw hukm pu`jw qW auh aus nUM C`f ky kIrqpur clw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kIrq isMG lwhOr

BweI kIrq isMG aunHW pMjW is`KW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW nUM 1698 ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dI syvw-sMBwl vwsqy ByijAw sI[ gurU dw c`k Byjy jwx bwry BweI kIrq isMG dw izkr “ShId iblws” (ilKq B`t syvw isMG kOiSS) ivc ieM\ imldw hY: “pMc isMG gYl kIey iqAwr[ BUpq isMG AO isMG gulzwr[ cµdrw kOier isMG, isMG dwn, pMcm kIrq isMG sujwn”[

ApRYl 1734 ivc jd zkrIAw ^wn ny BweI mnI isMG nUM igR&qwr kIqw qW aus dy nwl hI gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc rih rhy bwkI swry isMGW ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ienHW ivc BweI mnI isMG dw Brw jgq isMG, do pu`qr (icqr isMG qy gurb^S isMG), gulzwr isMG (bytw ShId Awlm isMG), sMgq isMG qy rx isMG (pu`qr nTIAw) BUpq isMG (pu`qr jyTw isMG), mohkm isMG, AaulIAw isMG, kIrq isMG (pu`qr &qih isMG), kwhn isMG qy keI hor vI sn[ ienHW swirAW ƒ lwhOr dy kYdKwny ivc qsIhy id`qy gey[

ienHW ƒ “mOq” Aqy “ieslwm” ivcoN iek dI cox krn dI pySkS kIqI geI, pr, iks ny vI Drm C`fxw mnzUr nw kIqw Aqy swirAW ny ShIdI kbUl kIqI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kIrq isMG ig`dVbwhw

BweI kIrq isMG ig`dVbwhw (izlHw &rIdkot) dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq nUM AnMdpur C`fx mgroN gurU jI iKdrwxy dI fwb qoN qlvMfI swbo jWdy smyN, jnvrI 1706 dy SurU ivc iek rwq aus kol ruky sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kIrq isMG cmkOr

BweI kIrq isMG aunHW 40 mukiqAW ivcoN iek sn ijnHW ny cmkOr dI lVweI ivc 7 dsMbr dy idn ShIdI jwm pIqw sI[ 5 Aqy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny AnMdpur swihb C`ifAw qW ijhVy cwlI isMGW ny Awp jI dy nwl jIx-mrx dw pRx kIqw aunHW ivcoN auh iek sI[ auh gurU jI dy nwl cmkOr dI gVHI ivc mOjUd sI[ ausy idn dupihr vyly muZl &OjW ny gVHI ƒ cOhW pwisAW qoN Gyr ilAw[ ies ’qy gVHI ivc hwizr is`KW ny iek-iek, do-do kr ky gVHI ivcoN inkl ky muZl &OjW nwl h`QoN-h`Q lVweI kIqI qy bhuq swry muZl ispwhIAW ƒ mwr mukwieAw[ Swm qk do swihbzwdy Aqy A`TqI hor is`K ShId ho cu`ky sn[ ienHW ShIdW ivc ieh kIrq isMG vI Swiml sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kIrq isMG AwlmgIr

BweI kIrq isMG gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ auh AwlmgIr (izlHw luiDAwxw) dw vwsI sI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq nUM AnMdpur C`fx mgroN gurU jI dInw-kWgV jWdy 14 dsMbr dy idn AwlmgIr pu`jy sn[ gurU jI Ajy ‘au~c dw pIr’ dy pihrwvy ivc sn[ BweI kIrq isMG pRvwr sxy gurU jI dy drSn krn vwsqy pu`jw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kIrq B`t

iek B`t kvI ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Swiml hY[ B`t jwq dy swrsuq bRwhmx hn[ ieh AwpxI auqp`qI kOSS irSI qoN d`sdy hn[ ieh lok Alop ho cuky srsÍqI dirAw dy kMFy auqy v`sy hoey sn[ ieh dirAw pihlW iphovw (hirAwxw) koloN dI vgdw sI [ jyhVy B`t dirAw dy aurly pwsy v`sdy sn auh swrsuq, qy, jyhVy pwrly pwsy v`sdy sn auh gOV AKvwx l`g pey[

is`K ieiqhws nwl sbMDq B`tW dI bMswvlI B`t BgIrQ qoN SurU huMdI hY[ BgIrQ qoN nONvIN pIVHI ivc reIAw hoieAw hY, ijs dy Cy pu`qr sn—iB`Kw, syKw, qoKw, goKw, coKw Aqy tofw[

gurU gRMQ swihb ivc ijnHW B`tW dI bwxI drj hY, auhnW ivcoN mQurw, jwlp Aqy kIrq ieh iqMn B`t iB`Ky dy pu`qr sn[

B`t sl´ Aqy Bl´ ieh do B`t iB`Ky dy Coty Brw syKy dy pu`qr sn[ B`t bl´ iB`Ky dy dUjy Coty Brw qoKy dw pu`qr sI[

B`t hrbMs B`t iB`Ky dy Brw goKy dw pu`qr sI[

B`t klshwr Aqy gXMd B`t iB`Ky dy Brw coKy dy pu`qr sn[

kIrq B`t 13 ApRYl 1634 dI lVweI ivc gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc hmlwvrW duSmxW dy AwhU lwhuMdy hoieAw ShId hoieAw sI[ 13 ApRYl 1634 dy idn, ijs vyly gurU hirgoibMd swihb AwpxI bytI bIbI vIro dy ivAwh dIAW iqAwrIAW ivc ru`Jy hoey sn, murqzw Kwn ny gurU dw c`k ’qy hmlw kr id`qw (ieh auh murqzw Kwn nhIN sI jo 1606 ivc lwhOr dw sUbydwr sI Aqy ijs ny gurU Arjn swihb ƒ qsIhy dyx dy hukm dI qwmIl kIqI sI)[ BwvyN aus vyly is`K &Oj lVweI vwsqy zrw vI iqAwr nhIN sI iPr vI aunHW ny muZlW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ ies mOky ’qy BweI kIrq B`t vI idlo-jwn qoN jUJ ky liVAw Aqy keI muZl &OjIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw[ ies lVweI ivc keI isMG vI ShId hoey[ ienHW ivc BweI kIrq B`t vI sI[

kIrq B`t dI ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI mulqwnI is`DI” ivc ienHW l&zW nwl AwieAw hY: blU bytw mUly kw poqw rwaU kw, pVpoqw cwhV kw raudq jlHwnw, swl solW sY iekwnmy ivswK pRivSty sqwrW, gurU c`k ky mlHwn gurU kw bcn pwie swmHy mwQy rx myN murqzw KW ko mwr mrw [ gYloN kIrq bytw iBKy kw poqw reIey kw, pVpoqw nrsI kw kOiSS goqR bRwhmx mwrw igAw.

ijhw ik au~pr izkr kIqw igAw hY ik kIrq B`t iek vDIAw Swier vI sI[ aus dy klwm ƒ gurU Arjn swihb ny AwpxI mnzUrI dI mohr lweI sI[ ies dw sbUq ies g`l qoN iml jWdw hY ik gurU jI ny gurU gRMQ swihb ivc bwxI drj krn vyly kIrq B`t dI bwxI ies ivc Siml kIqI sI[ gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Swiml aus dy A`TW ivcoN cwr slok gurU Amr dws jI dI S^sIAq bwry hn Aqy cwr slok gurU rwm dws jI dI S^sIAq ƒ ibAwn krdy hn; aunHW ivcoN iek hwizr hY:
iek Ardwis, Bwt kIriq kI, gur rwmdws, rwKhu srxweI (1406).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kIrq/ kIrqIAw

BweI kIrq, BweI goDw dw pu`qr, BweI Twkur dw poqw sI[ ieh Xwdv rwjpUq kOm dw bVHqIAw-knwieq prvwr ivcoN sI (ieh l`KI rwey vxjwrw dw v`fw Brw sI)[ ieh gurU hirgoibMd swihb qy gurU hir rwie swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI qy Aksr aunHW dy nwl hI irhw krdw sI[

jdoN ropV dy nvwb ny hMfUrI rwjw ’qy hmlw kIqw qW gurU jI ny gurid`qw dI AgvweI ivc &Oj Byj ky hMfUrI rwjw dI mdd kIqI sI[ pihlI julweI 1635 dI lVweI ivc Swiml hoeI aus is`K &Oj ivc kIrq vI Swiml sI[ jdoN 18 julweI 1635 dy idn gurU hirgoibMd swihb ropV Aqy kot pTwxW gey sn qW ieh vI gurU jI dy nwl igAw sI[ eyQoN gurU jI lKImpur ipMf mweI lCmI nUM imlx gey qW vI ieh gurU jI dy nwl sI[ ies mgroN ies dw pu`qr gurdws gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI syvw ivc hwzr irhw krdw sI[

AkqUbr 1665 ivc jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM Dmqwn qoN igR&qwr kIqw igAw qW ies dw bytw gurdws vI nwl hI igR&qwr hoieAw sI qy qkrIbn do mhIny bwAd gurU jI dy nwl hI irhw hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ik`kr isMG Blvwn

ik`kr isMG (13.1.1857 – 18.2.1914), pu`qr jvwlw isMG sMDU dw jnm ipMf GxIeyky (zlHw lwhOr) ivc hoieAw sI[ bcpn ivc aus dw nW pRym isMG sI[ jd auh jvwn hoieAw qW aus dw k`d Cy &u`t qoN vI vD igAw qy ies lMmy k`d kwrn aus nUM lok ik`kr isMG kihx lg pey qy aus dw iehI nW p`k igAw[ ik`kr isMG dw ipqw ^ud pihlvwnI dw bhuw SOkIn sI ies kr ky aus ny ies nUM nUrpur dy Zulwm pihlvwn dy AKwVy ’qy Byj id`qw[ ies mgroN auh vswvw isMG pihlvwn Aqy A^Ir audoN dy ieMfIAw dy cYNpIAn bUtw pihlvwn dw Swigrd bixAw[ ik`kr isMG ny bhuq swrIAW kuSqIAW lVIAW Aqy swrIAW ivc hI ij`q hwisl kIqI[ sMn 1911 ivc, jd auh 54 swl dw sI Aqy dmy dw mrIz bx cukw sI, qW id`lI ivc hoey iek mukwbly ivc aus dw Gol k`lU pihlvwn nwl hoieAw[ ies ivc ij`q hwr dw &Yslw nw ho sikAw pr j`jW ny k`lU nUM jyqU AYlwn kr id`qw[ ies izAwdqI dy i^lw& ros vjoN aus ny kuSqIAW ivc ih`sw lYxw bMd kr id`qw[ ies qoN iqMn swl bwAd auh Awpxy ipMf ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw.

(ikkr isMG pihlvwn s`jy pwsy; K`by pwsy k`lU pihlvwn)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kyvl, BweI

BweI kyvl BweI AwVU dw pu`qr, BweI jgnw dw poqw qy BweI rUpw dw pVpoqw sI[ ieh rwTOr rwjpUq dy BweI ibMjl dI pIVHI dy rx ml dw prvwr sI[ ieh prvwr is`KpMQ dy lwswnI syvwdwr prvwrW ivcoN iek sI[ ies dw iek bytw eISr isMG 29 Agsq 1700 dy idn qwrwgVH dI lVweI ivc qy iek pu`qr sUrq isMG 8 AkqUbr 17000 dy idn inrmohgVH dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI. inrmohgVH dI lVweI vwsqy vyKo: eISr isMG, sUrq isMG).

hor q&sIl vwsqy pVHo ikqwb: gurU dy Syr.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kysrI cMd (rwjw)

jsvwn dw phwVI rwjw jo iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd dw mwmw sI[

1696 ivc jd lwhOr dy sUbydwr ny phwVI rwijAW ‟qy Dwvw kIqw qW iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny muZlW dI ZulwmI mnzUr kr leI[ ies mgroN auh is`KW nwl duSmxI vI krn lg ipAw[

sMn 1700 ivc aus ny AnMdpur swihb ‟qy lMmy hmly dI Xojnw bxweI[ ies Xojnw hyT aus ny sB qoN pihlW 29 Agsq 1700 dy idn qwrwgVH iklHy ‟qy hmlw kIqw[ ieh iklHw AnMdpur qoN qkrIbn pMj iklomItr dUr sI qy ie`Qy QoVHy ijhy is`K mOjUd sn[ pr, jd AnMdpur ieqlwh p`ujI qW hor is`K vI phuMc gey qy iblwspur dw rwjw nukswn krvw ky clw igAw[ Agly idn aus ny iklHw &qhgVH ‟qy hmlw kIqw qy eyQy vI nukswn krvwieAw[ qIjy idn aus ny AgMmgVH aus iklHy ‟qy hmlw kIqw Aqy burI qrHW hwr KwDI[

qIjy idn dI hwr mgroN aus rwq ƒ Ajmyr cMd, jsvwn dw rwjw kysrI cMd qy aunHW dy vzIr iek`Ty hoey[ kysrI cMd ny iqMn idn mwr Kwx dy bwvjUd hux lohgVH iklHy ‟qy hmlw krn vwsqy AwiKAw[ aus ny ikhw ik „gurU jI dw hiQAwrW dw ^zwnw iklHw lohgVH ivc hY qy jy auh swfy kbzy ivc Aw igAw qW gurU jI Aslw-rihq ho jwxgy[‟ ies iklHy dw drvwzw sB qoN vD mzbUq sI[ kysrI cMd dy vzIr krm cMd ny cOQI lVweI krn qoN roikAw, pr iksy ny aus dI iek nw suxI[ Ajmyr cMd ny Awpxy bRwhmx vzIr prmw nMd dI slwh ‟qy iek hwQI ƒ Srwb ipAw ky, iklHy dw drvwzw qoVx vwsqy Byjx dw PYslw kIqw[

ies mOky ‟qy kysrI cMd ny ieh AYlwn vI kIqw ik “mYN gurU goibMd isMG dw isr lwh ky ilAwvWgw, nhI qW mYN vwips Gr nhIN muVWgw[” aus rwq gurU swihb iklHw AnMdgVH swihb ivc bYTy sn[ BweI cqr isMG brwV ny gurU swihb ƒ ies plwinMg dI sUh id`qI[ gurU swihb ny hwzr isMGW iv`coN mjITy dy dunI cMd DwlIvwl msMd (jo bVy Bwry ijsm vwlw S^s sI) dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh SrwbI hwQI ƒ roky[ buzidl dunI cMd frdw mwrw rwq ƒ iklHy dI kMD qoN r`sy nwl auqr ky

AnMdpur swihb qoN B`j igAw[ ies mgroN BweI bicqr isMG ny gurU swihb qoN hwQI dw mukwblw krn dI iejwzq mMgI[ gurU swihb ny bicqr isMG ƒ Awpxw „nwgnI brCw‟ dy ky lVweI vwsqy iqAwr kIqw[ ies dy nwl hI BweI audY isMG ny jsvwlIey rwjy kysrI cMd ƒ soDx dI iejwzq mMgI[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ „krpw‟ nW dw brCw dy ky Qwpxw id`qI[ svyr cVHn qoN pihlW dovyN Brw iklHw lohgVH dy bwhr pu`j gey[

Agly idn pihlI sqMbr ƒ jdoN mdmsq hwQI lohgVH v`l AwieAw qW BweI bicqr isMG ny pUrw zor lw ky brCy ƒ hwQI dy m`Qy ivc AYny zor nwl mwirAw ik auh brCw, hwQI dy m`Qy ‟qy bMnHIAW qvIAW ivMnH ky, AMdr qk Ds igAw (ieh vI ho skdw hY ik bicqr isMG ny hwQI dI A`K ivc brCw mwirAw hovy)[ ies dy nwl hI BweI bicqr isMG ny iek dm brCy nUM zor nwl vwips iK`c ilAw[ hwQI drd nwl

icMGwVdw ip`Cy v`l ƒ B`ijAw[ hwQI dy pYrW hyT Aw ky bhuq swry phwVI &OjI mwry gey [ auDr BweI audY isMG qyzI nwl GoVw dOVw ky kysrI cMd kol pu`j igAw qy ikhw ik “qUµ gurU swihb dw isr lYx AwieAw sI[ lY pihloN Awpxw isr bcwA[” ieh kih ky BweI audY isMG ny ikrpwn dy ie`ko vwr nwl kysrI cMd dw isr v`F ilAw qy nyzy ‟c proA ky AnMdgVH iklyH ‟c jw ky gurU swihb dy pYrW ivc jw r`iKAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kysrw isMG (inrmohgVH)

BweI kysrw isMG BweI CbIlw isMG dw pu`qr qy BweI cMdn rwey dw poqw sI[ auh sauq Butwxw ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ auh ipMf KYrpur swdwq (izlw muz`&rgVH) dw vwsI sI[

kysrw isMG gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI &Oj dw iek mu`KI is`K sI[ auh hmySw gurU goibMd isMG jI dIAW lVweIAW ivc sB qoN A`gy ho ky lVweI krdw sI[ 14 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn jdoN gurU jI inrmohgVH dI phwVI ’qy bYTy sn, qy iblwspur dy rwjy dIAW &OjW ny ies phwVI ƒ Gyrw pwieAw hoieAw sI, qW bswlI dw rwjw slwhI cMd (jo hmlwvr rwjy Ajmyr cMd dI dwdI dw jIjw sI) Awpxy kuJ ispwhI lY ky AwieAw Aqy sqluj ndI dy dUjy kMFy ’qy ruk igAw[ aus ny Awpxw eylcI gurU jI v`l ByijAw qy gurU swihb ƒ Arz kIqI ik gurU jI aus dI irAwsq ivc Aw jwx[ gurU jI rwjw slwhI cMd dI g`l mMn ky bswlI jwx vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ ies mOky ’qy Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj ny ndI ƒ pwr krn vwsqy jw rhy is`KW ’qy vI hmlw kr id`qw[ hux iek vwr Pyr gih-g`c lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry phwVI &OjI mwry gey[audY isMG dy qIrW dI bOCwV ny phwVI &OjW dI pyS-kdmI rokI r`KI[ hOlI-hOlI gurU swihb Aqy bwkI swry is`K srsw ndI pwr kr gey[ ies lVweI ivc kysrw isMG phwVI ispwhIAW nwl Awhmo-swhmxI lVweI ivc ShId ho igAw[

kysrw isMG dI ShIdI bwry B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ izkr AwieAw hY : kysrw isMG bytw CbIl isMG kw, poqw cMdn rwie kw, nwm sauq Butwxw…gokl isMG bytw drIAw kw, poqw mUly kw…swl sqrW sY sqvMjw, kiqk pRivSty caudh, mMglvwr ky idhuM, inrmohgVH ky mlhwn, s`qluj ky iknwry, Gor juD hUAw[ swmHy mwQy jUJ kr mry[ (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw jlhwnoN kw)[

mgroN, julweI 1711 ivc BweI kysrw isMG dy Brw BweI jyTw isMG ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ky iqMn mhIny kYd ivc qsIhy dyx mgroN, Awlovwl (nyVy lwhOr) ivc 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn ijaUNdw g`f ky ShId kr id`qw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kysrw isMG cmkOr

BweI kysrw isMG cmkOr ivc ShId hox vwly isMGW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dI ShIdI 7 dsMbr 1705 dI cupihr qoN mgroN qy hnyrw SurU hox qoN pihlW hoeI sI[ kysrw isMG iek dlyr ispwhI sI qy gurU swihb dI &Oj dy pRmu`K is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU swihb ny AnMdpur C`ifAw qW auh aunHW 40 isMGW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW gurU jI dy nwl jIx-mrn dw pRx kIqw sI[

gurU jI ienHW 40 isMGW qy bwkI vhIr dy nwl AnMdpur swihb qoN tur ky phu-Pu`tx qoN pihlW kIrqpur swihb qoN 4-5 iklomItr dUr qk ibnw rukwvt pu`j gey Aqy au~QoN srsw ndI pwr krn vwsqy ipMf nMgl gujrW (hux nMgl srsw) v`l cl pey[ eyny ivc phwVI &OjW nUM pqw lg igAw qy aunHW ny is`KW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ qIrW qy bMdUkW dI lVweI ivc gurU jI, aunHW dw pirvwr Aqy kuJ is`K ndI pwr kr gey[ auQoN hOlI-hOlI tur ky pVwA krdy-krdy 47 is`K 7 dsMbr dI svyr ƒ cmkOr ivc pu`j gey[ auDr gurU swihb Awp vI cmkOr dI gVHI ivc pu`j gey [ dupihr vyly ies gVHI ƒ musilm &OjW ny Gyr ilAw[ ies dy nwl hI ienHW isMGW Aqy hmlwvr &OjW ivc zbrdsq lVweI SurU ho geI[ hornW dy nwl nwl kysrw isMG ies mOky ’qy f`t ky liVAw Aqy A^Ir ShId ho igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kyso isMG prmwr

BweI kyso isMG 28 dsMbr 1711 dy idn iblwspur dI lVweI ivc ShId hwisl hoieAw sI[ kyso isMG BweI icqr isMG prmwr dw pu`qr, BweI mnI isMG dw poqw Aqy BweI mweI dws dy pVpoqw sI[ auh icqr isMG dy cOhW pu`qrW (kyso isMG, sYxw isMG, grjw isMG, hwTU isMG) ivcoN sB qoN v`fw sI[icqr isMG ny AwpxI aumr dw kw&I ih`sw AnMdpur swihb ivc ibqwieAw sI; ies kr ky kyso isMG vI Aksr au~Qy irhw krdw sI[ kyso isMG ny AnMdpur swihb ivc hI KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI sI[ aus ny Awpxy ipqw qoN qIr, KMfw Aqy qlvwr clwaux dy nwl-nwl GoVsvwrI vI is`KI sI[

jdoN AnMdpur swihb ƒ Gyrw ipAw audoN kyso isMG Awpxy ipMf AlIpur (izlHw muz`&rgVH) ivc sI; ies kr ky auh AnMdpur dI lVweI ivc ih`sw nw lY sikAw[ jdoN bMdw isMG bhwdr ny pMjwb dI AwzwdI dI jdojihd SurU kIqI qW kyso isMG vI AlIpur qoN Aw ky aus dy nwl Swiml ho igAw[ 1710 dI AkqUbr qk is`K &OjW ny jmnw qoN rwvI dirAwvW ivckwrly ielwky ’qy Awpxw rwj kwiem kr ilAw sI[ jdoN bhwdr Swh bwdSwh ƒ ies dI ^br imlI qW auh iek bVI v`fI &Oj lY ky pMjwb v`l c`l ipAw[ auDr jlMDr-duAwb dy sulqwnpur dy swbkw &Ojdwr Sms ^wn Aqy aus dw cwcw bwiezId ^wn (kuqbdIn ^ySgI), sUbydwr jMmU iek l`K &Oj lY ky is`KW ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy cl pey[ rwh ivc aunHW ny rwhoN ’qy hmlw kIqw qy is`KW qoN iklHw Koh ilAw ikauNik au~Qy isr& igxqI dy is`K hI mOjUd sn[ ies mgroN auh srhMd vl cl pey[ au~Qy vI bhuq Gt is`K &OjW hwzr sn; ies kr ky 20 nvMbr 1710 dy idn srhMd vI is`KW h`QoN inkl igAw[

ies mgroN 30 nvMbr 1710 dy idn bhwdr Swh dIAW &OjW ny iqMn pwisEN lohgVH dy iklHy ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw, pr aunHW koloN ieh iklHw ij`iqAw jwxw qkrIbn nwmumikn sI[ ies mOky ’qy AYnI v`fI &Oj nwl lV ky AwpxI qwkq guAwaux dI bjwie bwbw bMdw isMG phwVW dI muihMm ’qy inkl ipAw[ mMfI ij`qx mgroN aus ny iblwspur v`l kUc kr id`qw[ iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny is`KW nwl bVw D`kw kIqw sI[ gurU swihb qoN AnMdpur Cufwaux vwlw vI iehI rwjw Ajmyr cMd sI[ bwbw bMdw isMG aus ƒ sbk isKwauxw cwhuMdw sI[ auDr Ajmyr cMd vI Ajy AwkV ivc sI[ auh socdw sI ik jy mYN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ƒ AnMdpur swihb C`fx ’qy mjbUr kr skdw hW qW ies is`K &Oj dw kI hY? ies kr ky aus ny bwbw bMMdw isMG dy kUc dI ^br imlidAW hI AwpxI &Oj iek`TI kr leI Aqy iblwspur Sihr qoN bwhr brswxW ndI dy kMFy ’qy Aw igAw[ ieh g`l 28 dsMbr 1711 dI hY[ aus idn is`KW Aqy phwVI &OjW ivckwr bVI kihr dI lVweI hoeI[ phwVI rwjpUqW dy mukwbly ivc is`K rwjpUq qy hor dUjy is`K jIA-jwn qoN lVy[ ies lVweI ivc phwVI &OjW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw; aunHW dy sYNkVy ispwhI mwry gey[ A^Ir aunHW ny hiQAwr su`t id`qy[ Ajmyr cMd ny muAw&I vI mMgI Aqy Krwj dyxw vI mnzUr kIqw[

iblwspur dI ies lVweI ivc kuJ is`K vI ShId hoey sn[ ienHW ivc kyso isMG vI iek sI[ BweI kyso isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhI qlauNFw Aqy B`t vhI BwdsoN, prgnw Qwnysr ivc imldw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kyso isMG B`t

BweI kyso isMG B`t 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc zmIn ivc ijaUNdy g`f ky ShId kIqy gey cwlHI is`KW ivcoN iek sI[

kyso isMG BweI boihQ dw pu`qr, BweI kIrq dw poqw Aqy BweI BIKw B`t dw pVpoqw sI[ auh kOiSS-gOV bRwhmx pirvwr nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ aus dy v`fy-vfyry gurU Amr dws swihb dy vyly is`K pMQ ivc Swiml hoey sn[ B`t pirvwr gurU swihb dy isdkI is`KW ivc Swiml sn [ ieh nw isr& &nkwr sn blik juJwrU vI sn [ ienHW ivcoN BweI kIrq Aqy aus dy v`fy Brw BweI mQrw qW gurU hirgoibMd isMG dIAW lVweIAW ivc ShId vI hoey sn[ B`t cMgy kvI vI sn Aqy “A^bwr-nvIs” vI sn[ aunHW ny gurU swihb dy vyly qoN ATwrvIN sdI dy A^Ir q`k dIAw Aihm GtnwvW ƒ AwpxIAW „vhIAW‟ ivc sMBwilAw hoieAw sI[ ienHW ivcoN 11

B`tW dw klwm gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Swiml hY [

BwvyN bhuq swry B`t gurU Gr dw ih`sw sn pr KMfy dI pwhul hwisl krn dw mwx isr& ShId kIrq B`t dy poiqAW Aqy pVoiqAW (Aqy aunHW dy vwirsW) ƒ hI imilAw sI[ ShId BweI kIrq dy cwr byty sn : boihQ, bydsI, kMQw Aqy gopI [boihQ dy iqMn pu`qr sn: kyso isMG, hrI isMG Aqy dysw isMG[ kyso isMG dy A`goN do byty sn: nrbd isMG qy iSvlwl isMG[ hrI isMG dy vI iqMn byty sn: qwrw isMG, syvw isMG qy dyvw isMG[ dyvw isMG ny vI iqMn pu`qrW ƒ jnm id`qw sI: BIm isMG, Amr isMG Aqy gaur isMG[ ienHW swry pirvwrW ny gurU Gr dI bVI syvw kIqI sI[

bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdur v`loN pMjwb ƒ iek vwrI Awzwd krvw lYx mgroN iek vwr Pyr muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ny mulk ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny is`KW dw nW-inSwn imtw dyx dy hukm jwrI kr id`qy[ ienHW hukmW dI qwmIl vjoN muZl hwkmW ny julweI-Agsq 1711 ivc hornW 33 hor is`KW dy nwl s`q B`t vI igR&qwr kr ley sn[

ienHW B`tW ƒ muZlW ny Drm bdlx vwsqy lwlc dyxy SurU kr id`qy pr jdoN ienHW ny iblkul nWh kr id`qI qW muZlW ny qsIhy dyxy SurU kr id`qy [ ies nwl vI jdoN ieh is`K nw Juky qW muZlW ny „ieslwm Aqy mOq‟ ivcoN iek cuxn vwsqy AwK id`qw[ jdoN ienHW cwlHIAW ny Drm bdlxoN nWh kr id`qI qW ienHW ƒ 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl (lwhOr nyVy) zmIn ivc ijaUNidAW g`f id`qw igAw[ ies mOky ‟qy kyso isMG dy nwl aus dw bytw BweI nrbd isMG, kyso isMG dy do Coty Brw (hrI isMG qy dysw isMG) Aqy hrI isMG dy iqMn pu`qr (qwrw isMG, syvw isMG Aqy dyvw isMG) vI sn [ ieh s`qy B`t ieko vyly ShId kIqy gey sn[ kyso isMG dy pu`qr nrbd isMG dI A`goN AOlwd cldI sI[ aus dw bytw pUrn isMG sI [ pUrn isMG dw sB qoN v`fw pu`qr mukMd isMG, mukMd isMG dy cUhV isMG, kysw isMG qy n`Qw isMG sn[ cUhV isMG dy iqMn pu`qr sn: srUp isMG (ijs ny „gurU kIAW swKIAW‟ ikqwb ilKI), syvw isMG kOiSS (ijs ny „ShId iblws‟ ikqwb ilKI) Aqy blbIr isMG[ ieM\ hI cUhV isMG dy Coty Brw kysr isMG dy do pu`qr sn syvw isMG Aqy myvw isMG[

ienHW ivcoN srUp isMG dy vI A`goN iqMn pu`qr sn: rwm isMG, bsMq isMG qy Swm isMG[ sB qoN v`fy rwm isMG dy s`q pu`qr sn: ikSn isMG, ibSn isMG, husnw isMG, mohnw isMG, lwiekw isMG, swlgw isMG qy C`jU isMG[ iesy C`jU isMG ny „gurU kIAW swKIAW‟ ƒ B`twKrI qoN gurmuKI ivc auqwirAw sI[ is`K pMQ dI qÍwrI^ dy sB qoN Aihm do somy cUhV isMG dy dohW pu`qrW (srUp isMG Aqy syvw isMG) ny ilKy sn[

B`tW ny ij`Qy gurU swihb dI qÍwrI^ ƒ vhIAW ivc sMBwilAw au~Qy keI ShIdW murIdW dI izMdgI dy hwlwq vI ienHW vhIAW ivc sMBwly hn[

ienHW B`tW dI AwpxI ShIdI bwry ieMdrwj vI B`t vhIAW ivc iml jWdy hn: kyso isMG bohQ kw, hrI isMG bohQ kw, dysw isMG bohQ kw-poqy kIrq ky pVpoqy iBKy ky, nrbd isMG kyso isMG kw, qwrw isMG hrI isMG kw, syvw isMG hrI isMG kw, dyvw isMG hrI isMG kw, kOiSS goqRy…SwhI hukm gYl swqoN B`t kqk privSty 9 sMmq 1768 ko Awlovwl ky mlHwn, prgxw lwhOr, BUmI myN gwf kr mwr dIey (B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgnw jINd).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kySo dws

1. kySv (pRmwqmw) dw dws, pBU dw Bgq

2. iek khwxI muqwibk qMqR Swsqr dw iek pMfq, ijs ny gurU goibMd isMG jI swhmxy mMqrW nwl durgw nUM is`D krn dw dwAvw kIqw sI[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ny aus nUM aus dI mMg muqwibk swrI sm`grI dy id`qI sI; pr auh durgw nUM is`D nw kr sikAw (ikauNik nw qW Aijhw koeI mMqr hY jo iksy dyvI dyvqy nUM is`D kr sky qy nw hI iksy dyvI dyvqy dw vjUd hY; ieh sB imQhws hY)[ Awpxw dwAvw is`D nw kr skx mgroN auh cupcwp AnMdpur qoN iKsk igAw sI[ iesy khwxI muqwibk aus ny is`KW nUM sMsikRq pVHwaux qoN vI nWh kr id`qI sI (ikauN ik auh bRwhmx nhIN sn)[ ieh khwxI isr& klpnw hY[ ies khwxI dw mksd ieh d`sxw sI ik dyvI dyviqAW dw vjUd nhIN huMdw qy gurU jI ny kySo dws nUM bynkwb kIqw sI; dUjw is`KW nUM sMsikRq pVHwaux vwlI g`l vI JUTI hY; AnMdpur swihb ivc ikRpw rwm Aqy caupiq rwey vrgy sMsikRq dy ivdvwn (jo ^ud is`K sn) AnMdpur swihb ivc pihly idn qoN hI mOjUd sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

igAwnI kysr isMG nwvilst

kysr isMG nwvilst (1912 – 21.9.2006), p`qr BweI pRym isMG, dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy ipMf muZl Kwlsw (izlHw rwvlipMfI) ivc hoieAw sI[ Ajy auh iqMn swl dw sI ik aus dy mwqw ipqw cVHweI kr gey[ aus dw pwln poSn sMq gulwb isMG dy XqIm ^wny ivc hoieAw[ aus dy mn ivc pVHweI vwsqy bhuq lgn sI[ aus ny AYm.ey qy bI.tI. dy iemiqhwn pws kIqy[ pVHweI dOrwn ^rcw clwaux vwsqy aus nuM bhuq CotIAW-CotIAW nOkrIAW vI krnIAW pweIAW sn[

aus dy mn ivc mulk nUM AMgryzW qoN Awzwd krvwaux dI vI ^wihS sI[ aus dw rwbqw suBwS cMdr bos Aqy Awzwd ihMd &Oj dy jrnYlW nwl ho igAw qy auh ies lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw[ 1943 qoN 1945 qk auh Awzwd ihMd &Oj dI jlwvqn srkwr dw ‘pRoivnSIAl AYfminstrytr’ irhw sI[ 1947 ivc aus nUM kOmI AwzwdI ivc syvw krn bdly pYnSn dI pySkS hoeI ijs nUM aus ny kbUl nw kIqw[

auh 1948 qoN 1951 qk auh SRomxI AkwlI dl dy sk`qr vjoN syvw inBwauNdw irhw[ iPr 1957 qk auh drbwr swihb dy XwqrUAW vwsqy gweIf dI syvw vI krdw irhw[

AwpxI pqnI dI mOq ip`CoN 1957 ivc auh ieMglYNf clw igAw[ Cy swl auQy nOkrI krn mgroN auh 1963 ivc knyfw clw igAw[ knyfw ivc auh mihkmw qwlIm ivc nOkrI krn lg ipAw ij`QoN auh 14 swl dI syvw mgroN, Albrtw dy skUlW dy fwierYktr (gweIfYNs AYNf kwaUNsilMg) vjoN irtwier hoieAw[

igAwnI kysr isMG ny bhuq swry ieiqhwsk iviSAW ’qy nwvl ilKy ijnHW ivcoN muK ieh hn: lihr vDdI geI, jMgI kYdI, ShId aUDm ismG, mdn lwl FINgrw, bwb hrI isMG ausmwn, ShId myvw isMG, isMG swihb dI Shwdq, jMj lwiVAW dI, ZdrI gulwb, hIroSImw, qIjI pIVHI, vwry Swh dI mOq, grIn kwrf, lMfn rof, hiQAwrbMd ienklwb (jo aus dI Aw^rI ikqwb sI) Awid[

aus ny ieiqhws dy Kyqr ivc vI iqMn ikqwbW ilKIAW sn: ieMfIAn ieMfIpYNfYNs mUvmYNt ien eIst eySIAw (ies dw muK bMd Srq cMdr bos ny iliKAw sI), knyfIAn is`Kz, Awzwd ihMd &Oj dI fwierI[ aus ny Zdr lihr dI kivqw dw sMpwdn vI kIqw sI[

aus ny AwpxI Awqm kQw vI ilKI[

aus dIAW keI ikqwbW dUjIAW zubwnW ivc vI aulQweIAW geIAW hn, ^ws kr ky ‘jMgI kYdI’ jo hornW dy nwl rUsI bolI ivc vI aulQwieAw igAw sI[

BwSw ivBwg pMjwb ny aus nUM eInwm dyx dw AYlwn vI kIqw sI, pr aus ny ‘kysr isMG iez nw`t Aw`n syl’ kih ky ieh ienwm lyx qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ kysr isMG iek bhuq vDIAw ilKwrI dy nwl-nwl iek bhuq vDIAw ienswn vI sI[ aus ny bhuq swry lokW dI mwlI qy jzbwqI mdd vI kIqI sI.

kysr isMG nwvilst hrijMdr isMG idlgIr nwl srI (knyfw) ivc Awpxy Gr ivc

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kysr isMG iCbr

kysr isMG iCbr (1699- ?), BweI gurb^S isMG drogw dw pu`qr Aqy dIvwn Drm isMG iCbr dw poqw sI[ ikauNik aus dw ipqw gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) dw drogw sI ies kr ky aus dw bcpn AMimRqsr ivc hI bIiqAw sI; mgroN auh id`lI clw igAw sI[

1769 ivc kysr isMG ny ‘bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW dw’ nW dI ikqwb ilKI kIqI sI, ijs ivc gurU swihbwn, bMdw isMG bhwdur, mwqw swihb kOr qy suMdr kOr Aqy AjIq isMG pwilq Awid bwry bhuq jwxkwrI id`qI hoeI hY[

ies ikqwb ivc kuJ AijhIAW g`lW vI hn jo ikqy hor nhIN imldIAW[ auNj bhuq swrIAW qwrI^W Aqy GtnwvW pyS krn ivc aus ny bhuq ZlqIAW kIqIAW hn[ aus ny qW keI QWeIN gurU swihb dI S^sIAq bwry vI bhuq Zlq iliKAw hY[ ies ikqwb ivc iek hor vfw nuks ieh hY ik ikauNik auh bRwhmx sI ies kr ky aus ny bRwhmxW nUM au~cw swibq krn Aqy aunHW nUM  ^ws AihmIAq dyx vwsqy ikqwb ivc QW-QW iliKAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikhr isMG audwnw

BweI ikhr isMG, p`qr BweI jIqw isMG, poqw BweI rwmw qy pVpoqw BweI suKIAw mWfn rwTOr rwjpUq brwdrI nw sbMDq sI[ bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdur v`loN pMjwb ƒ iek vwrI Awzwd krvw lYx mgroN iek vwr Pyr muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ny mulk ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny is`KW dw nW-inSwn imtw dyx dy hukm jwrI kr id`qy[ ienHW hukmW dI qwmIl vjoN julweI-Agsq 1711 ivc kuJ muZl A&srW ny 40 is`K igR&qwr kr ley sn[

ienHW is`KW ƒ muZlW ny Drm bdlx vwsqy lwlc dyxy SurU kr id`qy pr jdoN ienHW ny iblkul nWh kr id`qI qW muZlW ny qsIhy dyxy SurU kr id`qy [ ies nwl vI jdoN ieh is`K nw Juky qW muZlW ny ‘ieslwm Aqy mOq’ ivcoN iek cuxn vwsqy AwK id`qw[ jdoN ienHW cwlHIAW ny Drm bdlxoN nWh kr id`qI qW ienHW ƒ 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl (lwhOr nyVy) zmIn ivc ijaUNidAW g`f id`qw igAw[ ienW cwlHIAW ivc ieh ikhr isMG vI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikhr isMG (ieMdrw kys)

ikhr isMG byAMq isMG mloAw (ijs ny ieMdrw gWDI dw kql kIqw sI) dw Pu`PV sI[ aus nUM ieMdrw kql dI swizS dy doS ivc cwrj kIqw igAw sI[ aus dy i^lw& isr& eynw hI sbUq sI ik byAMq isMG aus dy Gr AwauNdw rihMdw sI (qy ieh gvwhI vI byAMq isMG dI pqnI ibml kOr ny ^ud id`qI sI)[ ikhr isMG nUM 6 jnvrI 1989 dy idn sqvMq isMG dy nwl hI &WsI id`qI geI[

BwrqI suprIm kort v`loN aus nUMM &WsI dyx dI ihmwieq krnw iensw& dI qvwrI^ ivc sB qoN vD bdnumw dwZ rhygw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kydwrI, BweI

lUMbw KqrI zwq dw BweI kydwrI gurU AMgd swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ auh gurU Amr dws swihb sy smyN qk vI is`K pMQ dI syvw krdw irhw sI[ irvwieq muqwibk gurU Amr dws jI ny aus nUM is`K Drm dy prcwr vwsqy mMjI b^SI hoeI sI (hwlW ik mMjIAW nwl sbMDq nWvW ivc hMdwl dw nW hox kr ky ies sUcI ’qy SMkw kIqI jWdI hY)[ inrmlw lyKk sUrq isMG ‘is`KW dI Bgqmwlw’ (ijs nUM auh BweI mnI isMG dI rcnw pRcwrdw hY) ivc aus nUM vtwlw dw lUMbw KqrI dsdw hY[

BweI gurdws AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus nUM ‘v`fw Bgq’ ilKdy hn: mwlUswhI sUrmw, vfw Bgq BweI ikdwrI (vwr 11, pauVI 15).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kOVw m`l, dIvwn

dIvwn kOVw m`l BweI v`lU rwm cu`G Sorkot (izlHw JMg) dy rihx vwly iek AroVw ihMdU, jo gurU swihbwn ivc Atu`t SrDw rKdw sI) dw pu`qr sI[ auh zkrIAw ^wn dy smyN dw iek AmIr sI Aqy &OjI jrnYl vI sI[ 1738 ivc lwhOr dy sUbydwr zkrIAw ^wn ny aus nUM mulqwn ivc dIvwn lwieAw igAw sI[ pihlI julweI 1745 dy idn zkrIAw ^wn dI mOq mgroN aus dy pu`qrW XwhIAw ^wn Aqy Swh invwz ^wn ivc lwhOr dI sUbydwrI vwsqy JgVw c`l ipAw[ XwhIA ^wn dy smyN ivc aus dy ihMdU vzIr lKpq rwey (ijs dw Brw jspq rwey is`KW h`QoN mwirAw igAw sI) ny is`KW dw Kurw Koj imtwaux dI shuM KwDI[ mwrc 1746 dy pihly h&qy lKpq ny swry is`K dukwndwr, mulwzm qy ikswnW dIAW igR&qwrIAW dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw[ iek h&qy ivc hI lKpq v`loN iek hzwr qoN v`D is`K igR&qwr kIqy jw cu`ky sn[ ienHW ivc BweI subyg isMG Aqy aus dw bytw BweI Swhbwz isMG vI Swiml sn[ lKpq rwey ny ienHW swirAW ƒ kql krn vwsqy 12 cyq sMmq 1802 (10 mwrc 1746) dw idn im`Q idqw[ ies idn ihMdUAW dw iqauhwr „somvqI m`isAw‟ (auh m`isAw ijs idn somvwr vI huMdw hY; keI ihMdU ies idn nUM bhuq piv`qr smJdy hn) pYNdw sI[ ies kr ky bhuq swry muKI ihMdUAW ny lKpq nUM iml ky ienHW swirAW ƒ ShId krn qoN rokx dI koiSS kIqI[ ienHW ihMdU muKIAW ivc hyT ilKy isrkrdw bMdy vI Swiml sn: (dIvwn) kOVw m`l, dIvwn sUrq isMh, dIvwn dys rwj, cODrI jvwhr m`l, kujwh m`l, bhwl m`l, hrI rwm, su`KU m`l qy keI hor[ ienHW dI AgvweI lKpq dw Awpxw ausqwd gosweIN jgq-Bgq kr irhw sI[ pr lKpq qW is`KW vwsqy n&rq dI A`g ivc eynw m`c irhw sI ik aus ny iksy dI vI pRvwh nw kIqI[ hor qW hor aus ny is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw idn mulqvI krn qoN vI nWh kr id`qI[ lKpq ny aunHW nUM ikhw “qusIN qW kI, jy mYnUM r`b vI AwKy qW mYN aus dI prvwh vI nhIN krWgw[” ies ‟qy gosweIN jgq-Bgq ny lKpq nUM ikhw ik qUM AwpxI n&rq dI zihr ivc fub ky hI mr jwvyNgw qy qyry ^wndwn dw nW-inSwn vI bwkI nhIN rhygw[ ieh sux ky vI lKpq nw hitAw Aqy 10 mwrc 1746 dy idn lwhOr dy nKws cOk ivc iek hzwr qoN v`D is`K ShId kIqy gey[ lKpq ny iek swl ivc 20-30 hzwr dy krIb isMG ShId kIqy sn[

jd XwhIAw ^wn lwhOr dw rsmI sUbydwr bixAw qW aus dw Brw imrzw hXwqau~lw (ijs nUM 1739 ivc nwdr Swh ny Swh nvwz ^wn dw i^qwb idqw sI) mulqwn ivc sI[ jd XwhIAw ^wn Aqy lKpq rwey ny A`q cu`k leI qW dIvwn kOVw m`l lwhOr qoN mulqwn clw igAw[ aus ny AwpxI v&wdwrI Swh nvwz ^wn nwl joV leI[ hux dovyN lwhOr ‟qy kbzw krn dI iqAwrI krn lg pey[ Swh invwz &Oj lY ky lwhOr dIAW brUhW ‟qy Aw pu`jw Aqy A^Ir Swh invwz ^wn dI &Oj 13 mwrc 1747 dy idn lwhOr Sihr ivc dwi^l ho geI qy Sihr Aqy iklHy ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ aus ny XwhIAw ^wn dy swry v&wdwrW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ienHW ivc nwieb mIr moimn ^wn ksUrIAw, dIvwn l`CmI rwm/nwrwiex qy dIvwn lKpq rwey

vI sn[ ies muihMm ivc kOVw m`l ny Swh invwz dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI[ ij`qx mgroN aus ny kOVw m`l nUM Awpxw dIvwn (vzIr) lwieAw sI[

kOVw m`l is`KW nwl hmdrdI rKdw sI[ lKpq rwey dI igR&qwrI hox Aqy kOVw ml dy dIvwn bxn ‟qy is`KW nUM rwhq imlI[ Swh invwz ny lKpq rwey nUM qIh l`K rupey jurmwnw kIqw[ lKpq rwey dI 18 l`K nkdI qoN ielwvw aus dI jwiedwd nUM vyc ky kul 20 l`K rupey bxy[ mIr mnUU vloN lKpq rwey ‟qy Awied kIqy jurmwny dw bkwieAw 10 l`K ruupey bxdy sn[ ieh 10 l`K rupey dIvwn kOVw ml ny Adw kr ky mIr mnUU qoN lKpq rwey ƒ Awpxy kbzy ivc lY ilAw; mgroN aus ny lKpq ƒ is`KW dy hvwly kr id`qw[ is`KW ny aus nUM aus dy jurmW dI FukvIN szw id`qI[

dsMbr 1751 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny Pyr pMjwb ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[5 mwrc 1752 dy idn mihmUd bUtI ipMf ivc A&ZwnW Aqy muZlW ivckwr hoeI lVweI SurU ho geI[ ies lVweI ivc golI l`gx kwrn dIvwn kOVw ml mwirAw igAw[

bhuqy qwrI^dwn ies gl bwry iek-rwey hn ik dIvwn dy mwry jwx ip`Cy jlMDr dy hwkm AdInw byg Aqy ksUr dy bzId ^wn dI swizS sI[ is`K dIvwn kOVw ml nUM Awpxw ihmieqI hox ky dIvwn „im`Tw ml‟ kih ky Xwd krdy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kaur isMG prmwr

BweI kaur (kuier) isMG bMgySrI ƒ vI bwbw bMdw isMG dy nwl 9 jUn 1716 dy idn id`lI ivc ShId kIqw igAw sI[ kaur isMG ShId BweI nTIAw dw bytw, ShId BweI b`lU dw poqw Aqy BweI mUlw dw pVpoqw sI[ auh prmwr-rwjpUq ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ ieh ^wndwn bhuq AmIr vxjwirAW ivcoN iek sI[ ienHW kol bMgS ielwky dI isrdwrI sI, ies kr ky ienHW ƒ bMgySrI AwiKAw jwx l`g ipAw sI[ aus dy v`fy Brw BgvMq isMG bMgySrI (BwgU bxjwrw) kol muZl bwdSwh dw id`qw 5000 dw mnsb vI sI[ kaur isMG nTIAw dy A`TW byitAW ivcoN qIjy QW ’qy sI[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny jdoN 5 AkqUbr 1705 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG ƒ Kwlsw &OjW dw jQydwr bxw ky pMjwb ByijAw qW kaur isMG aus dy nwl AwieAw sI qy ShIdI qk sdw aus dy nwl irhw sI[ kaur isMG ny bwbw bMdw isMG nwl rl ky hr lVweI ivc ih`sw pwieAw Aqy mUhry ho ky lVdw irhw sI[ jdoN bMdw isMG bhwdr gurdws nMgl ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw qW auh vI aus dy nwl sI[ aus ƒ (qy aus dy iqMn hor BrwvW nUM) 9 jUn 1716 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG dy nwl ShId kIqw igAw sI[ kaur isMG dy do byty sn: krm isMG qy bwG isMG[ A`goN krm isMG dy vI iqMn byty sn: BIm isMG, qygw isMG qy KVg isMG[ ienHW swirAW dI A`goN AOlwd clI d`sI jWdI hY[ kaur isMG dI ShIdI sbMDI izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

BgvMq isMG bytw nTIAw kw, kaur isMG bytw nTIAw kw, bwj isMG bytw nTIAw kw, Swm isMG bytw nTIAw kw, poqy b`lU rwE ky, pVpoqy nwiek mUl cMd ky, cMdrbMsI, BwrdvwjI, goqRy puAwr, bMs bINJkw, bMjrauNq jlHwny, sMmq 1773 AswF mwsy sudI eykm ky idvs, svw pihr idhuM cFy bKqkwr kwkI ky mkbry pws jmnw ndI iknwry bwbw bMdw isMG swihb nwl ShwdqW pwie gey[ Awgy gurU Bwxy kw KwivMd, gurU kI giq gurU jwxy[ gurU gurU jpxw jnm saurygw (B`t vhI BwdsoN, prgnw Qwnysr).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kOr isMG inhMg

AkwlI kOr isMG inhMg (28.21886 – 23.1.1953), pu`qr BweI mhW isMG, dw jnm ipMf c`kr (izlHw muz`&rwbwd, kSmIr) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw bcpn dw nW pUrn isMG sI[ bcpn qoN hI aus nUM pVHweI dw bhuq SOk sI[ aus ny pMjwbI, sMsikRq qy &wrsI dw ^Ub muqwlIAw kIqw Aqy Drm, &ls&w qy dvweIAW bwry bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW pVHIAW[ auh bcpn qoN hI Awzwd qbIAq dw mwilk sI qy iksy bMDn ivc nhIN sI rihxw cwhuMdw[ aus dy mwipAW ny D`ky nwl aus dI SwdI kr id`qI, pr auh ivAwh qoN Agly idn hI Zwieb ho igAw[

1906 ivc auh nMdyV igAw Aqy iek inhMg j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw[ aus ny bhuq swry gurduAwirAW dI Xwqrw kIqI; auh Aswm, bMgwl, auqrwKMf, d`Kx, brHmw Awid ivc vI igAw[ ies dorwn aus ny is`K Drm qy ieiqhws sbMDI kw&I sm`grI hwisl kIqI (sYnwpqI dI rcnw ‘gursoBw’ aus nUM hI hwisl hoeI sI)[ ies qoN aus dy mn ivc ikqwbW ilKx dw SOk jwigAw[ aus ny 1907 ivc ‘gurSbd rqn pRkwS’ (qqkrw gurU gRMQ swihb) dI iqAwrI SurU kIqI[ ieh kwrj 13 swl ivc, 1920 ivc sMpUrn hoieAw qy 1923 ivc pRkwiSq hoieAw[ 1928 ivc auh Awpxy ipMf c`kr clw igAw qy auQy ‘gurU nwnk AwSrm’ dy nW hyT ividAwlw SurU kIqw[ aus ny Awly-duAwly dy ipMfW ivc vI skUl KolHy[ ies dorwn aus ny hor keI ikqwbW vI ilKIAW ijnHW ivc quk qqkrw vwrW BweI gurdws, hzUr swihb dy inhMgW dw ieiqhws, hzUrI swQI vI Swiml hn[ ies qoN ielwvw aus ny kSmIr is`K smwcwr Aqy hor irswilAW vwsqy bhuq mzmUn vI ilKy sn[

AkwlI kOr isMG ny is`K Drm dy pRcwr ivc vI bhuq v`fw ih`sw pwieAw[ aus ny hzwrW lokW nUM KMfy dI pwhul id`qI[ 1947 ivc aus dw ipMf pwiksqwn dy kbzy vwly ilwky ivc clw igAw[ aus ny is`KW qy ihMdUAW dIAW sYNkVy kuVIAW nUM p`CmI pMjwb qoN bcw ky ilAWdw qy aunHW dy Gro-GrI phuMcwieAw[ AkwlI kor isMG is`K AwgUAW ivc vI Aqy Awm lokW ivc vI bhuq siqkwirq nW sI[ AkwlI kOr isMG ny AwpxI aumr dy Aw^rI idnW qk Awpxw koeI iek itkwxw nhIN sI bxwieAw[ aus dI mOq rwijMdrw hspqwl pitAwlw ivc hoeI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kOljI dws

BweI kOljI dws, pu`qr BweI AMbIAw, hjwvq-cOhwn rwjpUq, ipMf dburjI audY krn vwlI (izlHw isAwlkot) dw vwsI sI (ieh ipMf aus dy dwdy audY krn ny hI vswieAw sI)[ kOljI dws gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ dsMbr 1620 ivc jdoN gurU jI Awpxy qwey ipRQIcMd dy ipMf hyhr (izlHw lwhOr) aus dI mOq ’qy mwqm-pursI vwsqy gey qW auh vI gurU jI dy nwl hI sI[

aus dw bytw ikSnw ApRYl 1635 ivc krqwrpur dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ aus dw dUjw pu`qr durgw dws vI gurU jI dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ gurU jI ny aus nUM ielwky dw msMd QwipAw hoieAw sI[

aus dw poqw (qy durgw dws dw pu`qr) Awlm isMG n`cxw gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN ifEVIbrdwr dy Ahudy qk pu`j igAw sI.

hor vyKo: Awlm isMG n`cxw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kOlW, mwqw

vyKo: kmlw dyeI.

kOlW

vyKo: kmlw dyeI.

kOl, soFI

vyKo: kMvl nYx soFI.

k`tU Swh

is`K irvwieq muqwibk BweI k`tU Swh guruU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dw iek is`K sI[ jd guruU jI kSmIr dy dOry ’qy gey qW auh guruU jI dy nwl hI irhw[guruU jI ny aus nUM kSmIr ivc is`KI dw pRcwr krn dI syvw b^SI jo aus ny b^UbI inBweI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwTw isMG

BweI kwTw isMG qy aus dw Brw mdn isMG, izlHw &qihgVH dy ipMf BgVwnw dy vwsI BweI idAwlw dy p`uuqr sn[ julwhw brwdrI dw ieh prvwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy gurU goibMd isMG dw swidk sI[BweI idAwlw gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI mwlvw PyrI smyN aunHW dy nwl irhw sI[

kwTw isMG qy mdn isMG AnMdpur swihb ivc ieh GoiVAW dy qbyly dy ieMcwrj sn[ jd 5 qy 6 dsMbr dI A`DI rwq vyly gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb C`ifAw qW ieh swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dy jQy ivc Awey sn[ jd ieh mlkpur rMGVW kol phuMcy qW ienHW ny bhuq swry isMG ShId hoey pey vyKy; ienHW ivcoN BweI bicqr isMG Ajy sihk irhw sI[ ienHW BrwvW ny aus nUM cu`ikAw Aqy kotlw inhMg ^wn ivc BweI inhMg ^wn dy iklHy ivc lY gey sn[

kotlw inhMg ivcoN inklx mgroN kwTw isMG gurU swihb dy nwl kotlw inhMg qoN huMdy hoey 7 dsMbr dI svyr vyly cmkOr ivc pu`jw sI[ gurU swihb Aqy aunHW dy nwl 47 jixAW (do v`fy swihbzwidAW, pMj ipAwirAW Aqy hor 42 swQI is`KW) ny cmkOr ivc BweI ibDI cMd rwvq dI gVHI ivc pVwA kIqw[ do rwqW dy aunHINdy Aqy lMby pYdl s&r dI vjh kr ky ieh swry dy swry isMG Q`ky hoey sn [ ieh swry CyqI hI sON gey [

dUjy pwsy iksy cmkOr vwsI muslmwn ny ropV ivc jw ky au~QoN dy Qwxydwr ƒ

^br id`qI[ aus vyly ropV ivc mlyrkotlw dI &Oj dy sq sO ispwhI nwhr ^wn (nvwb Syr muhMmd ^wn dw Brw) dI AgvweI hyT pu`jy hoey sn ijnHW ny AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmly ivc Swiml hoxw sI[ jd ropV cONkI dy Qwxydwr nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI dy cmkOr pu`jy hox dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny nwhr Kwn nUM AwpxI &Oj lY ky cmkOr v`l jwx vwsqy AwiKAw[ Swm vyly ieh &Oj cmkOr pu`j geI[

&Oj dy Awaux bwry gurU swihb ƒ dUroN hI pqw l`g igAw sI[ aus vyly hwlwq

Aijhy sn ik is`KW dw cmkOr qoN inkl jwxw Awswn nhIN sI[ ies kr ky gurU jI ny hmlwvr &Oj dw twkrw au~Qy hI krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ gurU jI dy nwl isr& 47 swQI sn, pr aunHW ny cmkOr dI gVHI dI ivauNqbMdI bVy Swndwr qrIky nwl kIqI [ aunHW ny 8-8 isMG gVHI dy burjW nwl KVy kr id`qy qW jo musilm &Oj nUM aunHW dI igxqI izAwdw nzr Awvy[ Drm isMG ipAwrw qy Awilm isMG n`cxw ƒ h`lw-SyrI dyx Aqy jYkwry guMjwaux dI syvw b^SI geI[ gVHI dy drvwzy dI rwKI vwsqy mdn isMG qy kwTw isMG ƒ qwienwq kIqw igAw[ aunHW dy ip`Cy Syr isMG qy nwhr isMG iqAwr KVy hoey sn[

ropV qoN AweI &Oj ny au~Qy pu`jidAW hI gVHI ’qy iek dm hmlw kr id`qw[ ieh hmlw rokx vwsqy is`KW ny iek dm qIrW dw mINh vrHw id`qw[ ies nwl hmlwvr &Oj ny is`Dw hmlw krnw bMd kr id`qw[

kuJ icr rukx mgroN nwhr ^wn qIr kmwn PV ky A`gy viDAw[ auh mMinAw hoieAw XoDw sI qy aus ny XkInn do cwr is`K Awpxy qIrW nwl hI ShId kr dyxy sn[ ies g`l ƒ BWpdy hoey gurU swihb ny iek qIr is`Dw nwhr ^wn v`l clwieAw [ gurU jI dy qIr nwl nwhr Kwn QW ’qy hI FyrI ho igAw[

nwhr Kwn dy mrn nwl qurk &Oj dy hOsly tu`t gey qy auh ip`Cy ht geI[ pr aunHW ivcoN iek pTwx auQoN nw ihilAw[ aus joSIly pTwx ny vwr-vwr A`gy vD ky gVHI dy muK drvwzy ’qy KVHy is`KW ’qy hmlw kIqw[ aus au~qy clwey kuJ qIr byAsr rhy qy auh gVHI dy drvwzy q`k pu`j igAw[ drvwzy ’qy mdn isMG qy kwTw isMG KVy sn[ aunHW dohW ny aus pTwx ’qy keI vwr hmly kIqy pr, auh pTwx vI koeI mMinAw XoDw sI[ aus ny keI vwr bcwey qy aultw keI prqvyN vwr aunHW dohW ’qy kIqy[ ies h`Qo-h`Q lVweI ivc auh pTwx vI mwirAw igAw Aqy mdn isMG qy kwTw isMG vI ShId ho gey[

ieh dovyN cmkOr dI gVHI dy pihly ShId sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ktwrU, BweI

‘is`KW dI Bgqmwlw’ (ijs dw Asl lyKk sUrq isMG inrmlw hY qy aus ny ies nUM BweI mnI isMG dI rcnw kih ky pRcwirAw sI) muqwibk BweI ktwrU pMjvIN pwqSwhI dy smyN dw kwbl dw iek AroVw is`K sI[ BweI gurdws aus dw izkr nhIN krdw (hwlW ik BweI gurdws ny kwbl dy Bwnw mlx qy ryK rwE dw izkr kIqw hY, pr ktwrU dw nhIN kIqw), pr sUrq isMG ny ‘is`KW dI Bgqmwlw’ ivc ies nW dy bMdy dI gurU swihb v`loN krwmwq idKw ky aus dy ‘Gt qol vwly v`ty shI krn’ dI iek g`p khwxI pyS kIqI hY, jo gurmiq dy ault hY.

ktwrU mlk, BweI
burhwnpur dw ktwrU mlk CyvIN pwqSwhI dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[BweI gurdws ny AwpxI iek vwr ivc aus dw izkr ieMj kIqw hY: mlk ktwrU jwxIAY, iprQI m`l jrwhI Kws (vwr 11, pauVI 30).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kSmIrw isMG, kMvr

kSmIrw isMG (1819 – 7.5.1844) mhwrwxI dieAw kOr dI ku`K qoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw pu`qr sI[ mhwrw Syr isMG dy kql (15 sqMbr 1843) mgroN aus ny lwhOr dw bwdSwh bxn dI koiSS kIqI pr kwmXwb nw ho sikAw[ meI 1844 ivc auh nOrMgwbwd (izlHw AMimRqsr ivc) bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy mOjUd sI jd 7 meI dy idn hIrw isMh fohrw ny fyry ’qy fogrw &Oj dw hmlw krvw id`qw[ ies hmly ivc sYNkVy is`K mwry gey sn[ mwry jwx vwilAW ivc bwbw bIr isMG, Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw qy kMvr kSmIrw isMG vI sn.

nOrMgwbwd nOrMgwbwd ’qy fogirAW dy hmly dI q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kWSI rwm, bwbU

bwbU kWSI rwm (15.3. 1934-9.10.2006) dw jnm ipMf ipRQIpur buMgw (kuJ aus dw jnm Kvwspur dw mMndy hn) izlHw ropV ivc, iek rmdwsIAw prvwr ivc hoieAw sI[ 1956 ivc aus ny srkwrI kwlj ropV qoN bI.AYs-sI. ifgrI hwsil kIqI Aqy puny (mhWrwStr) ivc AYskploisv rIsrc lYbwrtrI ivc 1971 qk nOkrI krdw irhw[ ies mgroN aus ny pCVIAW SRyxIAW nUM jQybMd krn dI lihr clweI[

1984 ivc aus ny bhujn smwj pwrtI dI nINh r`KI[ 1988 dIAW lok sBw coxW ivc aus ny Alwhwbwd (XU.pI.) qoN vI. pI. isMh dy i^lw& cox lVI 70 hzwr vot ’qy hwr igAw[ 1989 ivc aus ny eIst id`lI qoN cox lVI pr hwr igAw[

A^Ir 1991 ivc auh ietwvw (XU pI) qoN lok sBw dI cox ij`q ky AYm.pI. bixAw[ aus dI bhujn smwj pwrtI bhuq CyqI hrmn ipAwrI ho geI[ies pwrtI ny

1995 ivc XU.pI. ivc srkwr bxweI Aqy mwieAw vqI muK mMqrI bxI (auh 1997 Aqy 2002 ivc vI muK mMqrI bxI)[ 1996 ivc bwbU kWSI rwm ny huiSAwrpur (pMjwb) qoN lok sBw dI cox lVI Aqy ijq igAw[ 1998 ivc auh Pyr hwr igAw[ 2003 ivc aus ’qy ADrMg dw hmlw hoieAw qy auh iqMn swl iesy hwlq ivc, mOq qk, mwieAw vqI (muK mMqrI XU.pI.) dy Gr ivc irhw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwSI rwm ShId

Zdr lihr dy ShId pMfq kwSI rwm dw jnm 13 AkqUbr 1882 dy idn ipMf mVOlI (nyVy moirMfw) ivc pMfq gMgw rwm joSI dy Gr hoieAw sI[ pVHweI ^qm krn mgroN auh AMbwlw ivc qwr bwbU vjoN nOkrI krn lg ipAw[ kuJ swl nOkrI krn mgroN auh AmrIkw clw igAw[ jd Zdr pwrtI bxI qW auh ny ies ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw ilAw[ 12 nvMbr 1914 dy idn auh lwmw jhwz rwhIN pMjwb vl cl ipAw[

klk`qw auqr ky ijQy bwkI muswi&rW nUM ihrwsq ivc ilAw igAw auh ihMdU hox kr ky bc igAw qy inkl ky pMjwb pu`jx ivc kwmXwb ho igAw[ pMjwb Aw ky aus dw myl krqwr isMG srwBw nwl ho igAw[ 26 nvMbr dy idn &Irozpur ivc Zdr pwrtI dy AYkSn plwinMg dy iek`T ivc auh Swiml hoieAw[ Agly idn mogw ivc ^zwnw lu`tx dI plwn bxwaux dy doS ivc aus nUM 6 hor swQIAW sxy igR&qwr kr ky muk`dmw clw ky &WsI dI szw suxweI geI[ 27 mwrc 1915 dy idn aus nUM lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI id`qI geI sI[ ZdrI AwgUAW ivcoN &WsI cVHn vwlw auh pihlw S^s sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krqwr isMG igAwnI

igAwnI krqwr isMG (22.2.1902 – 10.6.1974), pu`qr BweI Bgq isMG, dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy ipMf c`k 40 (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny dsvIN jmwq qk dI pVHweI Kwlsw skUl lwielpur (ij`Qy mwstr qwrw isMG hYfmwstr sI) qoN kIqI sI sI[ mgroN auh Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc dwi^l ho igAw sI[

jilHAW vwlw bwZ kqlyAwm (13 ApRYl 1919) ny aus dy mn ’qy bhuq Asr kIqw ’qy auh AMgryzI srkwr nUM n&rq krn lg ipAw[ drbwr swihb ’qy is`KW dy kbzy (12 AkqUbr 1920) mgroN auh gurduArw suDwr lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw qy AkwlI dl dw srgrm kwrkuMn bx igAw[ 1923 ivc aus nUM AkwlI jQw lwielpur dw jnrl sk`qr bxwieAw igAw[

aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI jYqo morcw dOrwn 1924 ivc hoeI sI[ 1926 ivc jdoN kuJ AkwlI AwgU ‘SrqW mMn ky’ jylH ivcoN irhw hoey sn qW aus ny aunHW dI ivroDqw kIqI Aqy ‘SrqW nw mMnx vwly’ bwbw KVk isMG qy mwstr qwrw isMG DVy dw swQ id`qw[ 1926 ivc auh sYNtrl borf (SRomxI guruAwrw pRbMDk kmytI) dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[

1927 ivc aus nUM lwielpur ifsitRkt borf dw ibnw mukwblw mYNbr cux ilAw igAw[ 1930 ivc aus ny isvl nw &urmwnI lihr ivc ih`sw ilAw qy iek swl kYd k`tI[ 1937 ivc auh pMjwb AsYNblI dw mYNbr cixAw igAw[

auh aunHW AwgUAW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW dIAW koiSSW nwl 13 sqMbr 1943 dy idn is`K stUfYNts &YfrySn kwiem hoeI sI[

1945 ivc jd AkwlI dl ny ‘Azwd pMjwb’ nW hyT lihr clweI qW aus ny ies ivc Aihm rol Adw kIqw sI[ 1946-47 ivc auh musilm lIg dy AwgU muhMmd AlI ijnwh nwl iml ky pMJwb dI vMf rokx dI kiSS ivc vI mUhry sI[ aus ny mwstr qwrw isMG Aqy ijnwh ivckwr mulwkwq vI krvweI sI, pr ijnwh v`loN ilKqI SrqW nw mMnx kr ky ieh mIitMg by-is`tw rhI sI[

9 mwrc 1947 dy idn SRomxI AkwlI dl dy pRDwn bwbU lwB isMG dy kql mgroN aus nUM AkwlI dl dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ pMjwb dI vMf mgroN aus ny ^ud vzIrI hwisl krn vwsqy AkwlI dl dy AYm. AYl. eyz nUM kWgrs ivc Swiml krn vwsqy pwrtI dI AYZzYkitv ivc bhu sMmqI nwl mqw pws krvw ilAw[

pr 1952 ivc kWgrs ny aus nUM AsYNblI coxW ivc pwrtI itkt dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI qW auh muV AkwlI dl ivc prq AwieAw[

1956 ivc auh iek vwr Pyr kWgrs ivc clw igAw Aqy pMfq jvwhr lwl nihrU qy pRqwp isMG kYroN dw p`kw v&wdwr bx igAw[ drAsl aus nUM vzIrI dw SOk pYdw ho igAw sI qy ies kr ky auh hwkm pwrtI ivc rihxw cwhuMdw sI[ 1957 ivc auh AYm.AYl.ey. bx igAw Aqy nwl hI vzIr vI[

1958 ivc kYroN ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy bhuq swry mYNbr lwlc

Aqy fr dy ky ‘^rId’ ley Aqy mwstr qwrw isMG nUM hrw ky iek kWgrsI pRym isMG lwlpurw nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pRDwn bxvw ilAw[ 1960 ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dIAW nvIAW coxW hoxIAW sn[ nihrU Aqy kYroN ny aus nUM AkwlI dl dy mukwbly ’qy nvW dl ‘swD sMgq borf’ bxw ky coxW lVn dI ifaUtI id`qI geI; aus ny ies vwsqy vzwrq qoN vI AsqI&w dy id`qw[ pr is`KW ny aus dy dl nUM pUrI qrHW r`d kr id`qw qy mwstr qwrw isMG dI AgvweI ivc AkwlI dl ny 98% qoN vD (140 ivcoN 137) sItW ijq ky vrlf irkwrf kwiem kIqw (jo Aj qk dunIAW Br ivc tu`t nhIN sikAw)[

hwrn mgroN aus nUM iPr vzIr bxw ilAw igAw[ 1960 dw pMjwbI sUbw morcw lgw ijs dOrwn aus ny swrw zor lw ky AkwlI dl dw ivroD kIqw; pr is`KW ny aus nUM mUMh nw lwieAw[auh 1964 qk vzIr irhw[

1967 ivc pMjwb ivc AkwlI dl dI srkwr bxI qW auh muV AkwlI dl ivc Aw igAw, pr ies vwr aus nUM iksy ny vI p`lw nw PVwieAw[ aus nUM ies g`l dw bhuq sdmw l`gw qy auh audws rihx lg ipAw qy A^Ir mMjy ’qy pY igAw[ s`q swl bImwr rihx mgroN auh rijMdrw hspqwl pitAwlw ivc cVHweI kr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krqwr isMG srwBw

BweI krqwr isMG (1896 – 16.11.1916) dw jnm BweI mMgl isMG dy Gr ipMf srwBw (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh bcpn qoN hI bhuq sUJvwn Aqy PurqIlw sI qy hr g`l bhuq CyqI gRihx kr lYNdw sI[ 1912 ivc, 16 swl dI aumr ivc, auh AmrIkw clw igAw qy au¤Qy kimstrI dI ifgrI hwisl krn vwsqy auh brkly ivc kYly&ornIAw XUnIvristI ivc dwi^l ho igAw[ rMgdwr lokW nwl nslI ivqkry ny aus dy mn ivc goirAW vwsqy n&rq Br id`qI[

1913 ivc jd Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI qw auh ies dw rUhy-rvW bx igAw[ auh pwrtI dy prcy ‘Zdr dI gUMj’ dy pMjwbI sYkSn dw AYfItr bx igAw[ Zdr pwrtI dw JMfw bxwaux ivc vI aus dw ^ws rol sI; iqMn kOmW (is`K, muslmwn qy ihMdU) dy iqMn rMg JMfy ivc Swiml krnw aus dw hI suJwau sI[ 15 sqMbr 1914 dy idn auh AmrIkw qoN pMjwb vwsqy cl ipAw[ hwlWik AmrIkw knyfw qoN pMjwb Awaux vwly bhuqy lok igR&qwr ho gey sn, pr auh bc igAw sI qy ZdrI kwrvweIAW krdw irhw sI[ aus ny bhuq swrIAW &OjI CwvxIAW ’qy jw ky BwrqI &OjIAW nwl rwbqw kwiem kIqw Aqy aunHW nUM AMgryzW dy i^lw& hiQAwrbMd AYkSn vwsqy iqAwr kIqw[ auh Awgrw, Alwhbwd, vwrwnsI, AMbwlw, myrT, lwhor, rwvlipMfI Awid CwvxIAW ivc vI igAw[ aus nUM kw&I kwmXwbI hwisl hoeI[

pr jd Zdwr ikrpwl isMG kwrn swry muK AwgU PVy gey qW auh, jgq isMG surisMG qy hrnwm isMG tuMfIlwt bc gey qW ieh iqMny A&Zwinsqwn nUM inkl gey[ jd aunHW nUM au~QoN dI srkwr qoN AMgryzW dy i^lw& mdd nw imlI qW auh pMjwb vwips Aw gey[ 2 mwrc 1915 dy idn auh ivnsnpur (nyVy c`k nMbr 5, Swhpur, izlHw srgoDw) ivc sn qW iek dosq ny aunHW nwl ivswhGwq kIqw qy aunHW nUM igR&qwr krvw id`qw[

aunHW nUM pihly lwhOr kWspIrysI kys ivc cwrj kIqw igAw[ 13 sqMbr 1915 dy idn aus nUM mOq dI szw suxweI geI qy 16 nvMbr 1916 dy idn aus 20 swl dy nOjvwn nUM lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI ’qy ltkw id`qw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krqwr isMG klwsvwlIAw

igAwnI krqwr isMG (1882 – 22.2.1952) dw jnm ipMf klwsvwlw (izlHw isAwlkot) ivc hoieAw sI[ in`ky huMidAW hI aus ny gurbwxI qy is`K qvwrI^ dw bhuq muqwlIAw kIqw[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc iek gRMQI vjoN BrqI ho igAw[

&Oj dI nOkrI C`fx mgroN auh drbwr swihb AMimRqsr ivc gRMQI lg igAw[ eyQy aus ny is`K qvwrI^ nUM kivqw ivc ilKxw SurU kIqw[ aus qoN pihlW sMqoK isMG qy igAwnI igAwn isMG ny is`K qvwrI^ nUM pMjwbI, ihMdI qy ibRj BwSw dy imlgoBy nwl iliKAw sI, pr krqwr isMG ny ies nUM ^wils pMjwbI ivc ilKxw SurU kIqw[ aus ny ies vwsqy kivqw dw bYNq rUp vriqAw[

aus ny bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW dI rcnw kIqI; ijnHW ivcoN muK ieh hn: gurUAW dIAW jIvnIAW (inrMkwrI joq, ihqkwrI joq, dwqwrI joq, auijAwrI joq, jwgdI joq, dlBMjnI joq, aupkwrI joq, dIdwrI joq, inrMjnI joq, AkwlI joq); bMdw isMG bhwdr qoN 1849 qk dI qvwrI^ sbMDI (inrBY XoDw, AjIq Kwlsw, jOhr Kwlsw, pRkwS Kwlsw, srkwr Kwlsw, drbwr Kwlsw, byqwj Kwlsw, dlyr Kwlsw, bIr Kwlsw, pRqwp Kwlsw, isMGxIAW dw isdk); gurduAwrw suDwr lihr sbMDI: (suDwr Kwlsw, ^Un-ie-ShIdW, bwby dI byr); 1947 dy kqlyAwm sbMDI (^UnI swl dIAW ^UnI holIAW).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krqwr isMG J`br

jQydwr krqwr isMG (1874-20.11.1962) puqr BweI qyjw isMG qy poqrw BweI mMgl isMG (jo mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &oj dw iek ispwhI sI), dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy ipMf J`br izlHw Sy^Upurw) ivc hoieAw sI[ jd auh v`fw hoieAw qW auh Kwlsw aupdySk ividAwlw GrjwK ivc dwi^l ho igAw Aqy iqMn swl gurmiq dw ^Ub muqwlIAw kIqw[ 1910 ivc auh lwhOr clw igAw Aqy grmiq pRcwr dI syvw ivc ih`sw pwaux lg ipAw[

1912 ivc aus ny ‘Kwlsw dIvwn Krw sOdw bwr’ dy nW hyT jQw bxw ky gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU kIqI[ 1913 ivc aus ny cUhVkwxw ivc skUl kwiem krn vwsqy clweI muihMm ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw ilAw[

13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn hoey jilHAW vwlw bwZ dy kqlyAwm mgroN aus ny lokW ivc srkwr dy i^lw& bhuq pRcwr kIqw Aqy bhuq grm qkrIrW kIqIAW[ aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky aus ’qy muk`dmw clw ky aus nUM qy aus dy 16 hor swQIAW nUM &WsI dI szw suxweI geI[ mgroN ies szw nUM aumr kYd ivc bdl id`qw igAw Aqy aus nUM AMfymwn inkbwr jylH ivc Byj id`qw igAw[ 1920 ivc isAwsI kydIAW nUM id`qI geI Awm muAw&I ivc aus nUM vI irhw kr id`qw igAw[

12 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn jd drbwr swihb dy pujwrIAW ny ACUq khy jWdy is`KW dw prSwd kbUl krn qoN nWh krn smyN auh vI hwzr sI[ ausy idn hwzr is`KW ny Akwl q^q swihb ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ jQydwr J`br ny Akwl q^q qoN zbrdsq qkrIr kr ky mhMqW Aqy srbrwh dI ^Ub inMdw kIqI[ 15 nvMbr 1920 dy idn jdoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMMDk kmytI kwiem kIqI geI qW aus nuM mYNbr cuixAw igAw[

18 nvMbr dy idn jd aus nUM pMjw swihb dy mhMq dI mOq dw pqw l`gw qW auh jQw lY ky pMjw swihb igAw Aqy au~Qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies mOky pYdw hoeI muSikl nUM swhvyN r`K ky aus ny iek gurduAwrw syvk dl nW hyT iek 100 is`KW dw iqAwr br iqAwr jQw kwiem krn dw suJwA pyS kIqw jo sB ny kbUl kIqw Aqy 14 dsMbr 1920 dy idn hoey iek`T ivc ieh jQw AkwlI dl dy rUp ivc kwiem hoieAw (1922 ivc ies dw nW SomxI AkwlI dl rK id`qw igAw sI)[

&rvrI 1921 ivc BweI lCmx isMG DwrovwlI ny nwnkwxw swihb ’qy kbzw krn dI Xojnw bxweI pr AkwlI AwgUAW dy rokx ’qy ies nUM mulqvI krnw mMn ilAw; pr jd 20 &rvrI 1921 dI svyr vyly auh gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn gey qW mhMq nrYxU qy aus dy guMifAW ny fyF sO qoN vD is`KW nUM byrihmI nwl kql kr id`qw[ jd krqwr isMG J`br nUM ^br imlI qW auh iek bhuq v`fw jQw lY ky nwnkwxw swihb nUM cl ipAw[ aus vkq pMjwb dw gvrnr vI au~Qy pu`j cukw sI[ j. J`br ny gurduAwry dw kbzw is`KW nUM dyx vwsqy ikhw[ gvrnr ies g`l nUM mMnx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI[ jy kr s.b. mihqwb isMG au~Qy mOjUd nw huMdw qW Swied &Oj dy h`QoN is`KW dw iek hor kqlyAwm ho jWdw[

nwnkwxw swihb dw kbzw hwisl krnw j. J`br dI v`fI kwmXwbI sI[ pr ies smyN gWDI v`loN is`KW nUM nwimlvrqx vl tornw is`KW vwsqy GwtyvMdw irhw[ srkwr ny 15 mwrc 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb &Oj Byj ky j. J`br, qwrw isMG TyTr, BweI l`Kw isMG Awid nUM jbrI kbzw krn dy doS hyT igR&qwr kr ky lMbIAW kYdW dI szw dy id`qI[ mgroN vzIr sr joigMdrw isMG Aqy suMdr isMG mjIiTAw ny gvrnr nUM iml ky ienHW dIAW szwvW muAw& krvw id`qIAW[ 1924 ivc aus nUM Pyr igR&qwr kIqw igAw qy auh dsMbr 1928 qk jylH ivc irhw[

1933 ivc aus nUM iek kql kys ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw qy auh iqMn mhIny jylH ivc irhw[ ies mgroN aus ny srgrm isAwsI kwrvweIAW qkrIbn bMd kr id`qIAW[ pMjwb dI vMf mgroN auh Sy^Upurw qoN hwbVI (izlHw krnwl) Aw igAw[

1955 ivc ‘pMjwbI sUbw izMdwbwd’ nwAry ’qy pwbMdI dy i^lw& aus ny muV igR&qwrI id`qI qy kuJ mhIny jylH ivc irhw[ 1962 ivc, 88 vrHy dI aumr ivc aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krqwr isMG dwKw

pMifq krqwr isMG dwKw (13.9.1888 – 25.11.1958), pu`qr rwm isMG dw jnm ipMf dwKw (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw ipqw SwhUkwrw dw kMm krdw sI[ skUl dI pVHweI mgroN auh Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc dwi^l ho igAw pr 1907 ivc ipqw dI mOq mgroN aus nUM pVHweI ivcy CfxI pY geI[ hux aus pMifq bsMq isMG TIkrIvwlw dw cylw bx igAw[ aus qoN aus ny sMsikRq Aqy ihMdU Drm dy gRMQW dw bhuq muqwlIAw kIqw[

1923 ivc aus ny is`K imSnrI kwlj ivc nOkrI kr leI[ 1933 ivc auh gurmiq aupdySk ividAwlw qlvMfI swbo ivc pVHwaux lg ipAw[ aus ny „gurU kwSI piqRkw‟ nW dw mYZzIn vI SurU kr ilAw[ 1938 dy A^Ir ivc aus ny nOkrI C`f id`qI qy ivdySI dOry ‟qy inkl ipAw[ auh mlySIAw qy isMgwpur igAw[

Agly swl aus ny gurU hirgoibMd Kwlsw kwlj gurUsr sDwr ivc nOkrI hwisl kr leI[

krqwr isMG dwKw dw nW audoN mShUr hoieAw jd kUikAW ny gurU gRMQ swihb dIAW bIVW KolH ky iek-iek pqrw v`Mf ky „pqrw pwT‟ dw AYlwn kIqw[ ies ‟qy is`KW ny “kUkw ku&r qoV” nW hyT cwr kwn&rMsW kr ky ies dy i^lw& lihr clweI sI[ 9 qoN 11 jUn 1945 nUM syKw ivc hoeI cOQI kwn&rMs dI prDwngI aus ny kIqI sI[ ies qoN pihlW krqwr isMG ny suAwmI dXw nMd dy siqAwrQ pRkwS dw vI zbrdsq KMfn kIqw sI[ aus ny hrduAwr ivc kuMB dy myly ‟qy pMifq XogySvr nMd nUM vI bihs ivc zbrdsq hwr id`qI sI[

aus ny kuJ smW pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw ivc nOkrI vI kIqI[ aus dI mOq iklHw rweypur ivc hoeI sI[

aus dIAW ilKIAW ikqwbW ivc hyT ilKIAW ikqwbW vI Swiml hn: jpujI swihb stIk, inqnym stIk, AlMkwr inrxY, AlMkwr drSn, CMd rcnwvlI, gurmuKI ihMdI dw twkrw, jMg XUrp ivc isMGW dI bhwdrI, B`t bwxI prkwS, drSn pirBwSw, pMjwbI BwSw dI prwcInqw Awid.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krqwr isMG iBMfrWvwlw

igAwnI krqwr isMG (4.10.1932 – 16.8.1977), pu`qr BweI JMfw isMG dw jnm ipMf purwxy BUry (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ pVHweI pUrI hox ‟qy aus ny ptvwrI dI nOkrI SurU kr leI[ auh mukqsr ivc nOkrI ‟qy qweInwq sI[

kuJ smyN mgroN aus ny nOkrI C`f id`qI qy iBMfrW jQw dy muKI igAwnI gurbcn isMG dy j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw[ 28 jUn 1969 dy idn gurcbn isMG dI mOq ho geI[ krqwr isMG ikauNik gurbcn iMsMG dw sB qoN psMdIdw murId sI, ies kr ky auh ies nUM Awpxw vwirs smJdw huMdw sI[ pr, dUjy pwsy j`Qy dy kuJ mwlvw ielwky dy lok igAwnI krqwr isMG, (jo mwJy dw sI) dI jgh (mwlvy dy) igAwnI mohx isMG nUM j`Qy dw muKI bxwauxw cwhuMdy hn[ ies qrHW ieh j`Qw do-PwV ho igAw[ igAwnI krqwr isMG ny JgVy qoN bcx vwsqy Awpxw fyrw cOk mihqw (gurduAwrw gurdrSn pRkwS) ivc bxw ilAw qy Awpxy jQy nUM “jQw iBMfrW mihqw” kihxw SurU kr id`qw[ dUjy pwsy igAwnI mohn isMG ny jQy dw nW igAwnI gurbcn isMG vwlw “jQw iBMfrW” hI r`KI r`iKAw[

igAwnI krqwr isMG ny cOk mihqw dy nwl-nwl kbrvwlw, rwm QMmn qy kwhlvW ivc vI fyry kwiem kIqy[ aus ny igAwnI gurbcn isMG dI ilKI ikqwb „Kwlsw jIvn‟ nUM sMpwdn kr ky CwipAw[ (ies ikqwb ivc gurmiq dy ault bhuq kuJ mOjUd hY (vyKo: Kwlsw jIvn ikqwb)[

igAwnI krqwr isMG dI sB qoN Zlq kwrvweI ieh sI ik ies ny jQw iBMfrW mihqw nUM „dmdmI tkswl‟ kihxw SurU kr id`qw ik ies nUM BweI mnI isMG (qy mgroN bwbw dIp isMG) nwl sbMDq hox dw pRcwr SurU kr id`qw[ jd ik s`c ieh hY AKoqI dmdmI tkswl nW dI kdy koeI jmwq nhIN sI[

igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw dy KwVkU lihr dw muKI bx jwx kwrn ieh nW lokW ivc bhuq mkbUl ho igAw; pr jd fw hrijMdr isMG idlgIr ny ies jQy dw Asl ieqhws iliKAw qW bhuqy lokW ny ies nUM „tkswl‟ dI QW „jQw‟ qy „cOk mihqw fyrw‟ kihxw SurU kr id`qw[ 3 Agsq 1977 dy idn igAwnI krqwr isMG iek hwdsy dw iSkwr ho igAw, pr aus ny AprySn krvwaux vyly z^m vwly ih`sy qoN vwl k`tx dI iejwzq nw id`qI ijs kr ky 16 Agsq dy idn aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kroVisMGIAw imsl

29 mwrc 1748 dy idn jd swrIAW is`K &OjW (Kwlsw dl) nUM XwrHW imslW ivc vMifAw igAw sI qW aunHW ivcoN iek dw nW, iek muK jQy dy muKI kroVw isMG dy nW ’qy kroVisMGIAw imsl r`iKAw igAw sI[ BweI kroVw isMG ivrk ipMf brkI, izlHw lwhOr, ies imsl dw pihlw muKI sI[ ausy dy nW ’qy hI ies imsl dw nW kroVisMGIAw imsl r`iKAw igAw sI[ auN\ ies jQy dw moFI Swm isMG ipMf nwrlI (izlHw lwhOr) sI[ Swm isMG 1739 ivc ShId ho igAw sI[ aus mgroN ies j`Qy dI kmWf (AgvweI) krm isMG au~pl (pycgV ipMf) ny sMBwlI[ krm isMG vI 1748 ivc ShId ho igAw[ hux kroVw isMG ies jQy dw jQydwr bixAw[ ienHIN idnIN hI, 1748 ivc, XwrHW imslW dI kwiemI hoeI, so aus dI kmWf hox kwrn ies imsl ƒ aus dw nW imilAw[ aus kol 7-8 hzwr &Oj sI[ kroVw isMG ny CyqI hI mOjUdw huiSAwrpur izlHy dy hirAwxw qy SwmcurwsI ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[

1761 ivc qrwvVI dI lVweI ivc kroVw isMG ShId ho igAw[ aus mgroN ies imsl dI kmWf bGyl isMG DwlIvwl (Jbwl) kol AweI[ bGyl isMG ny krnwl, shwrnpur dy ielwikAW ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ auh pMjwb dy bhuq swry Coty hwkmW qoN qwvwn ilAw krdw sI[ aus ny 11 mwrc 1783 dy idn id`lI dy lwl iklHy ’qy vI kbzw kIqw Aqy ies ’qy nIlw inSwn swihb lihrwieAw[ auh kw&I icr ies ngr dI cuMgI ivcoN 6/16 ih`sw vsUl krdw irhw[ aus ny rohIlKMf dy ielwky ’qy vI hmlw kr ky XwrHW l`K rupY nzrwnw vsUl kIqw[ aus ny v`K-v`K mOikAW ’qy AlIgVH, Kurjw, cMdOsI, ietwvw, &rU^wbwd, murwdwbwd, AnUpSihr, bulMdSihr, ibjnOr ’qy hmly kIqy[ id`lI ’qy aus ny keI vwr hmlw kIqw qy A^Ir ies qoN p`ky qOr ’qy ih`sw lYxw SurU kIqw[ bGyl isMG dy byZm smrU, Swh Awlm bwdSwh qy hor bhuq swry v`fy-v`fy rjvwiVAW nwl sbMD sn[

1783 ivc bGyl isMG dI AgvweI hyT qIh hzwr &Oj sI[ ieh POj id`lI ’c ijs QW TihrI sI aus dw nW A`j vI qIs hzwrI vjoN kwiem hY[ id`lI dy s`q qvwrI^I gurduAwry ausy ny hI bxwey sn[ 1802 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI qy aus dI pqnI rwm kOr ny imsl dI vwgfor sMBwlI[ auh vI 1848 ivc cVHweI kr geI[ ies mgroN AMgryzW ny aus dy sqluj pwrly ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[

ies imsl dI iek hor SwK dw muKI BMgw isMG sI[ aus dI hkUmq kurUkSyqr, myrT vZYrw au~qy sI [ aus ny hwpuV ’qy hmlw kr ky nzrwnw vsUl pwieAw sI[ aus ny jnvrI 1791 ivc AnUp Sihr ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw Aqy ie`QoN AMgryz lYPtInYNt krnl rwbrt stUArt ƒ igR&qwr kr ky, 9 mhIny kYd ivc rKx mgroN, byZm smrU dI ivcolgI mgroN jurmwnw vsUl kr ky, aus nUM irhweI id`qI sI[

BMgw isMG ny 1803 ivc aus ny lwrf lyk nwl rl ky id`lI ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[

1815 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[ BMgw isMG dI DI krm kOr mhwrwjw pitAwlw krm isMG ƒ ivAwhI hoeI sI[ BMgw isMG dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr &qih isMG imsl dw muKI bixAw[ auh vI 1819 ivc byAOlwd mr igAw[ AMgryzW ny aus dI A`DI irAwsq ’qy kbjw kr ilAw qy bwkI A`DI BMgw isMG dI ivDvw hsn kOr kol rihx idqI[ hsn kOr dI mOq mgroN irAwsq dw dUjw A`D vI AMgryzW dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw[

klsIAw irAwsq: ies imsl dI iek hor Sw^ klsIAw irAwsq vI sI[ ies imsl dy rwie isMG (pu`qr mihqwb isMG mIrW kot), gurb^S isMG (klsIAw ipMf) qy dulcw isMG ny CCrOlI, nwrwiexgVH vgYrw ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ gurb^S isMG dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr joD isMG ies irAwsq dw muKI bixAw sI[ 1818 ivc mulqwn dI lVweI ivc joD isMG mwirAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN ies in`kI ijhI irAwsq dy muKI soBw isMG, lihxw isMG, ibSn isMG, rxjIq isMG qy rvISvr isMG bxy sn[

kYQl irAwsq: gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly BweI BgqU (puqr BweI Awdm brwV) ny is`K pMQ dI AxQk syvw kIqI[ mgroN ieh CyvyN qy sqvyN gurU vyly vI pMQ dI syvw ivc ih`sw pwauNdw irhw qy AprYl 1652 ivc cVHweI kr igAw sI[ BweI BgqU dy vwrsW ivcoN BweI gurb^s isMG dy puqr dysU isMG ny 1765 dy duAwly kYQl ’qy kbzw kIqw[ dysU isMG dI mOq 1780 ivc hoeI[ ies mgroN aus dw puqr lwl isMG hwkm bixAw[ lwl isMG dI mOq mgroN aus dy puqr pRqwp isMG ny irAwsq dI vwg-for sMBwlI pr auh CyqI hI cVHweI kr ikAw[ ies mgroN aus dw Cotw BweI audY isMG rwjw bixAw[ audY isMG vI 1843 ivc byAOlwd mr igAw[ ies ’qy AMgryzW ny ies irAwsq ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ audY isMG ny kvI sMqoK isMG nUM coKI mwlI mdd id`qI sI ijs nwl aus ny gurpRqwp sUrj gRMQ iliKAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krmo (pitAwlw)

mweI krmo lihl ipMf (jo hux pitAwlw Sihr dw ih`sw bx cukw hY, audoN Ajy pitAwlw ngr Ajy v`isAw nhIN sI) dI rihx vwlI sI[ auh gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI swidk sI[ Agsq 1670 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr sY&wbwd qoN TIkrIvwlw jWdy hoey lihl ivc ruky qy mweI krmo kol Tihry[

gurduAwrw dUK invwrx swihb mweI krmo dy Gr vwlI QW ’qy bixAw hoieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikRSn (ihMdU dyvqw)

(sMsikRq k@iræS@nhæ) imQhws ivc ivSnU dw A`TvW Avqwr[ ieh Xwdv kul dw rwjw, BojvMSI dyvkI dI grB qoN XwdvvMSI vsudyv dw pu`qr sI[ kMs ies dw skw mwmw sI[ dyvkI dw ivAwh vwsdyv nwl hoieAw sI[ aus smyN AwkwSbwxI hoeI sI ik ik jd dyvkI ATvIN vwr mW bxygI qW aus qoN pYdw hox vwly b`cy qoN kMs dw v`D hovygw[ kMs ny AwpxI BYx dyvkI qy Bxv`eIey vwsudyv nUM nzrbMd kr id`qw qy aus dy ijMny vI pu`qr hoey auh swry mwr id`qy[ jd ikRSn grB ivc AwieAw qW vwsdyv ny jMmdy swr hI aus nUM gokul ipMf ivc goprwj nMd dy Gr aus dI pqnI XSodw kol phuMcw id`qw Aqy aus idn XSodw dy Gr jo bytI pYdw hoeI sI, aus nUM dyvkI dI god ivc phuMcw id`qw[ kMs ny aus kuVI nUM vI nw C`ifAw qy p`Qr ‟qy ptkw ky mwr id`qw[ auDr ikRSn v`fw ho igAw qW kMs nUM AslIAq dw pqw l`gw[ kMs ny ikRSn nUM mrvwaux vwsqy bVy hrby vrqy pr kwmXwb nw hoieAw[ A^Ir ikRSn ny kMs nUM kysW qoN PV ky auvyN hI p`QrW ‟qy pCwV ky mwirAw ijvyN aus ny XSodw dI bytI nUM miwrAw sI; Aqy Awpxy nwny nUM aus dw rwj vwips idvw id`qw[ ikRSn nUM mhWBwrq dw nwiek vI d`isAw igAw hY qy ikhw igAw hY ik kOrvW nwl lVweI ivc ies ny pWfvW dw swQ id`qw qy aunHW nUM ij`q idvweI[ swihq ivc ikRSn nUM AOrqW dw rsIAW d`isAw igAw hY; aus dIAW sYNkVy gopIAW mihbUbw sn (ijnHW ivcoN aus nUM rwDw sB qoN vD ipAwrI sI[ aus dIAW A`T kwnUMnI pqnIAW vI sn (rukmxI, kwilMdI, imqRivMdw,sqXw, nwginijqI, jWbvqI, suSIlw, sqXBwmw, lkSmxw)[ swihq ivc aus dIAW 16100 hor pqnIAW vI d`sIAW hn[ ikRSx bwry ieh vyrvw vI AwauNdw hY ik jrwsMD qy hor duSmxW qoN fr ky ikRSn ny mQurw C`f ky mOjUdw gujrwq sUby ivc duAwrkw nW dI ngrI vsweI qy izMdgI dw Aw^rI ih`sw auQy k`itAw[ aus dI mOq 125 swl dI aumr ivc PMDk (jo bwlI dw Avqwr sI) dy h`QoN pRBws p`qn (somnwQ) vwlI QW ‟qy hoeI sI.

ikRSn (gurU gRMQ swihb ivc)
kUky Aqy inrmly, imQhwsk dyvqy ikRSn nUM Bgvwn kihMdy hn qy auh ies vwsqy guru gRMQ swihb ivc mwrU rwg dI ies quk dw Awsrw lYNdy hn:“Acuq pwrbRhm prmysur AMqrjwmI] mDusUdn dwmodr suAwmI] irKIkys govrDn DwrI murlI mnohr hir rMgw] mohn mwDv ik®s˜ murwry]” (1082). ies quk dw ArQ ieh hrigz nhIN bxdw ik ikRSn Bgvwn sI[ ies dw ArQ hY ik “hy pRmwqmw qUM hI Asl ivc AibnwsI hYN, pwrbRhm hYN, prmysur hYN, AMqrjwmI hYN[ hy suAwmI! mDusUdn (mDU qy hor swry dYNqW nUM mwrn vwlw) qy dwmodr (ijs dy audr/pyt dy duAwly dwm/r`sI hY, Xwin hr vyly mdd vwsqy iqAwr) vI qUM hI hYN[(qUM hI Asl ivc) irKIkyS (irKIAW Xwin ieMdrIAW dw suAwmI) hY, govrDn phwV (Xwin swrI go, Xwin DrqI nUM) nUM cu`kx vwlw hYN (ies dw ArQ „mQrw dw ikRSn‟ nhIN ijs nUM imQhws ivc govrDn phwV cu`kx vwlw ikhw hY) qy mnohr murlI vwlw hYN (jo suhxI murlI vjwaux vwlw, dunIAW nUM sMgIq dyx vwlw hYN)[ qUM AnykW rMg-qmwSy kr irhw hYN[ {ieh jo Awpxy Awp nUM qyry vrgw nW r`K ky SkqImwn dyvI dyvqw bxy iPrdy hn; ieh kuJ vI nhIN hn[ ieM\ qW keIAW dw nW is`Dw „Bgvwn‟ vI hY}[”

jy ies Sbd ivc mQurw dy ikSn vwsqy huMdw qW ikSn AibnwsI, pwrbRhm, prmysur, hoxw cwhIdw sI, jd ik ikSn nUM qW iek iSkwrI* ny mwr id`qw sI[ pRmwqmw qW AibnwSI hY, kI auh iek iSkwrI h`QoN mr skdw hY? ies Sbd ivc irSIkyS qy govrDn nUM ikRSn dy ArQW ivc lYxw isr& hwsohIxI g`l hY[ drAsl bRwhmx, inrmly, kUky vZYrw is`KI nUM mQrw dy ikRSn dw m`q bxwauxw cwhuMdy hn, iesy kr ky nklI ArQ k`Fdy hn[
(*aus nUM dvwrkw ivc hI srs* nW dy iSkwrI ny mwr id`qw sI[ jy auh Bgvwn sI qW iSkwrI srs Bgvwn qoN vD qwkqvr sI}[

2. iPr mwrU rwg ivc hI iliKAw hY, jo ipClI quk ivc ikSn nUM pRmwqmw kihx dI bjr ZlqI nUM r`d krdw hY: gurmiq ik®sin govrDn Dwry (1040-41). {ies dw ArQ hY: gurU dI miq qy qur ky nwm ismirAW bVI au~cI Awqmk AvsQw hwsl ho jWdI hY (bVw Awqmk bl pRwpq ho jWdw hY)[ imQhws ivc AwauNdw hY ik iesy gurU dI miq dI brkiq nwl ik®Sn ny govrDn phwV ƒ (auNglW qy) cu`k ilAw sI[ jy ies ArQ aunHW vwlw vI ilAw jwvy qW ies dw ArQ ieh bxdw hY ik ik®Sn dw koeI gurU sI, ijs dI mq nwl ikRSn kuJ kr sikAw sI[ dUjy SbdW ivc pRmwqmw dw koeI gurU vI sI, ijs dI mq ‟qy cl ky ik®Sn ny govrDn phwV ƒ (auNglW qy) cu`k ilAw sI[

3. gurU gRMQ swihb dw inrxw hY ik:“nwnk, inrBau inrMkwru, hoir kyqy rwm rvwl] kyqIAw kMn@ khwxIAw, kyqy byd bIcwr] (464): {ArQ: hy nwnk! (iek) inrMkwr hI BY-rihq hY, (AXuiDAw dy) rwm vrgy keI hor (aus inrMkwr dy mukwbly ivcy) rvwl (G`tw-im`tI,rwK, Xwin qu`C) hn; (aus r`b dy guxW dIAW khwxIAW dy mukwbly ivc) ik®Sn dIAW keI pRym khwxIAW qy vydW dy keI vIcwr (vI qu`C hn)}.

4. gurU gRMQ swihb ivc iliKAw hY ik: “sglI QIiq pwis fwir rwKI ] Astm* QIiq goivMd jnmwsI ] Brim BUly nr krq kcrwiex] jnm mrx qy rhq nwrwiex]” kir pMjIru KvwieE cor ] Ehu jnim n mrY ry swkq For ]2] sgl prwD dyih loronI ] so muKu jlau ijqu khih Twkuru jonI ]3] jnim n mrY n AwvY n jwie ] nwnk kw pRBu rihE smwie (1136).{*mQrw dy imQhwsk ik®Sn dw jnm BwdroN dI AStmI khI geI hY}}. ies Sbd dy ArQ hn: “hy BweI! (qyrI ieh g`l &zUl hY ik) r`b ny hor swrIAW iQ`qW (idn, qwrI^W) C`f id`qIAW, Aqy (BwdroN vdI) AStmI iQ`q ƒ aus ny jnm ilAw[ BrmW ivc Bu`ly hoey (kurwhy pey hoey) hy nr (hy! mnu`K)! qUM ieh k`cIAW g`lW kr irhw hYN (ik r`b ny BwdroN vdI ATvIN ƒ ik®Sn bx ky jnm ilAw sI)[ nwrwiex (r`b) jMmx mrn qoN pry hY[

hy BweI! pMjIrI bxw ky qUM corI (lukw ky) (Awpxy v`loN r`b ƒ, ik®Sn dI mUrqI dy rUp ivc) KvWdw hYN [hy! swkq (hy! r`b qoN tu`ty hoey), hy! For/mUrK! r`b nw jMmdw hY qy nw mrdw hY[ (hy! mUrK) qUM (ik®Sn dy bu`q ƒ) lorI dyNdw hYN (Awpxy vloN qUM prmwqmw ƒ lorI dyNdw hYN, qyrI ieh hrkq) swry pwpW (dw mUl hY)[ sV jwey (qyrw) auh mUMh ijs dI rwhIN qUM AwKdw hYN ik mwlk/pRBU/r`b jUnW ivc AwauNdw hY (XonI ivcoN pYdw huMdw hY)[(gurU) nwnk (swihb kihMdy hn) myrw pRBU sB QweIN smwieAw hoieAw hY, sB QW ivAwpk hY[ auh nw jMmdw hY, nw mrdw hY, nw AwauNdw hY, nw jWdw hY[”

5. gurU gRMQ swihb ivc mQrw dy ikRSn (nMd dy pu`qr) bwry ieh iliKAw hY: qum ju khq hau nµd ko nµdnu, nµd su nµdnu kw ko ry] Drin Akwsu dso ids nwhI, qb iehu nµdu khw Qo ry] (338-39). {ArQ:(hy! Boly loko, qusI kihMdy ho ik jd) cOrwsI l`K jIvW dIAW jUnW ivc Btk Btk ky nµd bhuq Q`k igAw (qy auh mnu`Kw jwmy ivc AwieAw qW aus ny r`b dI bhuq BgqI kIqI), (qy qusI kihMdy ho ik aus dI) BgqI ‟qy ^uS ho ky (r`b ny aus dy Gr) jnm ilAw, aus ivcwry (nµd dy) bVy v`fy Bwg sn[(pr, hy! Boly loko) qusI jo ieh AwKdy ho ik (nµd dy Gr jnm lY ky r`b) nµd dw nMdn (pu`qr) bixAw, (ieh d`so ik) auh nµd iks dw pu`qr sI? {Xwin nMd vI qW iksy dw pu`qr sI, qW iPr nMdw dw ipqw, ikRSn (AKoqI pRmwqmw) dw dwdw hoieAw}[(dUjw) jdoN nw ieh DrqI Aqy nw Awsmwn sI, audoN ieh nµd (ijs ƒ qusIN r`b dw ipE AwK rhy ho) ik`Qy sI (qy ies dw dwdw ik`Qy sI)?

6. gurU grMQ swihb ivc, ikRSn nUM ikho ijhw bMdw ikhw igAw hY:“juj mih joir ClI cMdRwvil, kwn@ ik®snu jwdmu BieAw] pwrjwqu gopI lY AwieAw, ibMdRwbn mih rMgu kIAw [”(470) {ArQ: Xjur vyd (dy smyN) ivc (Bwv, duAwpr ivc) (r`b dw nW) kwnH (sWvl) ik®Sn „jwdmu‟ (Xwdv) bx igAw sI (mShUr ho igAw sI), (jd ik ies ikRSn ny) zor nwl (iek gopI) cMdRwvlI ƒ CilAw sI (DoKy nwl ky lY AWdw sI), Aqy, AwpxI (iek hor) gopI (sqÎBwmw) vwsqy pwrjwq* (ru`K, ieMdr dy bwZ ivcoN) lY AWdw sI, Aqy, (ijs ny) ibMdRwbn (ipMf) ivc rMg kIqw sI (KyfW KyfIAW sn, mzy ley sn)[ {*pwrjwqu: ieMdr dy bwZ „nµdn‟ ivc pMj kImqI dr^qW ivcoN iek dw nW „pwrjwq‟ hY[ imQhws muqwibk jd dyviqAW ny rl ky smuMdr ƒ irVikAw sI, qW aus ivcoN cOdW rqn inkly, ijnHW ivcoN iek ieh „pwrjwq‟ dr^q vI sI}[ ik®Sn ny ieh pwrjwq (dr^q aus bwZ ivcoN pu`t ky) AwpxI ipAwrI gopI vwsqy lY AWdw (qy aus dy bwZ ivc lw id`qw sI)[ {ie`Qy gopI, „sqÎBwmw‟ vwsqy vriqAw hY jo rwjw SqRwijq dI DI qy ik®Sn dIAW pqnIAW ivcoN iek sI}.

7. gurU grMQ swihb ivc, ikRSn nUM ikho ijhI S^sIAq ikhw igAw hY:“AwgY AMqu n pwieE qw kw, kMsu Cyid, ikAw vfw BieAw [”(350). {AwgY AMqu n pwieE qw kw” (ies Sbd ivc ipClI quk dw bRhmw nwl sbMDq hY ik „bRhmw r`b dI kudrq dw AMq l`Bx vwsqy igAw) A`gy (jw-jw ky vI) AMq n l`B sikAw‟[ ies quk dw ipClw ih`sw mQrw dy ikRSn vwsqy hY: {ArQ: (inrw) kMs* ƒ mwr ky auh (ikRSn) ikMnw ku v`fw bx igAw? (kMs jW iksy nUM vI mwrnw qW mwmUlI ijhI g`l hY, jd ik r`b qW byAMq qwkqW dw mwlk hY)[ {*ik®Sn ny kMs nUM mwr ky augRsYn ƒ muV rwj id`qw sI}.

8. gurU grMQ swihb ivc imQhwsk dyvI dyviqAW bwry kI inrxw id`qw hY: “jugh jugh ky rwjy kIey, gwvih kir AvqwrI[” (423) {ArQ: (r`b ny rwm, ik®Sn Awid) v`K- v`K jugW ivc v`K-v`K rwjy pYdw kIqy sn, (lok auhnW ƒ prmwqmw dw) Avqwr mMn ky aunHW nUM (aunHW dI mihmw nUM) gwauNdy (slwhuMdy) cly Aw rhy hn [
   
9.  auN\ guru gRMQ swihb ivc „ikRSn‟ Sbd ivSnU vwsqy vI vriqAw igAw hY:
   ikRSnu sdw AvqwrI* rUDw ikqu lig qrY sMswrw (559) {ArQ: ivSnU sdw Avqwr* Dwrn ivc ru`Jw hoieAw (d`isAw jw irhw) hY[ (d`so) jgq iks dy crnIN l`g ky sMswr-swgr qoN pwr lµGy?}. {*ds Avqwr: vrwh, nrisMG, bwvn (vwmn), prs rwm, m`C, k`C, rwm, ik®Sn; bOD, qy klkI}. {eyQy ikRSn ivSnU vwsqy vriqAw hY} (ieh mhWBwrq ikqwb dy ikRSn vwsqy nhIN hY)[

10. gurU gRMQ swihb ivc ikRSn dI qsvIr sgoN mwVI icqrI hY[ aus dIAW 16000 pqnIAW, 100 qoN vD rwxIAW sn qy 1 lK 80 hzwr pu`qr sn[

11. auN\ jy ihMdU imQhws dI g`l mMn leIey qW vI ikRSn pRmwqmw qW kI mwmUlI qwkqvr dyvqw vI nhIN idsdw ikauN ik auh qW jrwsMD* (iek QW kwlXvn vI iliKAw hY) qoN frdw mwrw mQurw C`f ky dvwrkw nUM B`j igAw sI[
    *jy auh r`b sI qW ies dw mqlb ieh hY ik jrwsMd qy kwlXvn ikRSn (ijs nUM auh r`b kihMdy hn) qoN vD qwkqvr sn[

mgroN
{not: ikRSn Aqy aus dI mOq bwry ieh swrIAW g`lW jOn fOsn dy „ihMdU klwsIkl ifkSnrI‟ (pMjwbI qrjmw „ihMdU imQhws koS‟) ivc, s&w 191 qoN 202 ‟qy ilKIAW hn}.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikRSn lwl

1. kwSI (bnwrs, vwrwnsI) vwsI iek bRwhmx pMifq hir lwl dw Brw gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ ienHW dohW BrwvW ny Awpxy ielwky ivc isKI dw bhuq pRcwr kIqw sI

2. iek kvI ijs ny mhWBwrq dw ihMdI ivc Anuvwd kIqw sI; ies ny Bgvq gIqw dy 18 AiDAwie ilKy sn, Aqy ies nUM ‘goibMd gIqw’ dy nW hyT gurU goibMd isMG jI dI rcnw kih ky pRcwrn dI koiSS kIqI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krIn b^S

ieh dsMbr 1705 ivc dorwhw iklHw (izlHw luiDAwxw) dw muKI sI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr dI A`DI rwq nUM AnMdpur C`fx Aqy 7 qy 8 dsMbr dI rwq nUM nbI ^wn qy ZnI ^wn dI mdd nwl cmkOr ivcoN bc ky inkl Awaux mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI mwCIvwVw Aw hey sn[

auh 12 dsMbr dI svyr nUM mwCIvwVw qoN isph-slwr dI vrdI ivc ‘au~c dw pIr’ dw Bys bxw ky hwjI crwZ dIn Aqy cwr hor muslmwn murIdW (ienwieq AlI nUrpur, pIr muhMmd sloh, subyg Swh hwlvwrw qy hsn AlI moTU mwjrw) nwl mwCIvwVw qoN ikVI pTwxW, GuMgrwlI qy mwnUpur huMdy hoey Ajnyr (KMnw dy nyVy) pu`y gey qy hwjI crwZ Swh dy qkIey ’qy rwq k`tI[

13 dsMbr dI svyr nUM auh Ajnyr qoN hyhr (izlHw luiDAwxw, ij`Qy aunHW BweI dieAw isMG Aqy iqMn hor is`KW nUM phuMcx vwsqy ikhw sI) vwsqy cl pey[ rsqy ivc mlkpur, l`lW qy ktwxW qoN huMdy hoey auh rwmpur pu`jy[ aus idn dorwhw iklHy dw drogw krIn b^s vI rwmpur AwieAw hoieAw sI[ auh hwjI crwZ dIn dw murId sI[ hwjI crwZ dIn ny ‘au~c dw pIr’ nUM Awpxy Gr iljwx dI qmMnw zwihr kIqI[ ies nUM sur`iKAqw dw iek ih`sw smJ ky pMj murId gurU jI nUM lY ky dorwhy Aw gey[ gurU jI auh rwq dorwhw ivc iek Kymy (tYNt) ivc ibqweI[ jd krIn b^S ny gurU jI nwl glbwq krnI cwh qW hwjI ny ieh bhwnw lwieAw ik pIr jI dw rozw hY qy auh iksy nwl glbwq nhIN krngy[ ies qrHW iek rwq au~Qy ibqw ky gurU jI Agly idn knyc ipMf vwsqy cl pey.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krn isMG

BweI krn isMG ny 6 ApRYl 1709 dy idn gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) dI lVweI ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ krn isMG BweI kIrq isMG dw pu`qr, BweI kyvl isMG dw poqw Aqy BweI AWfU dw pVpoqw sI[ (BweI AWfU BweI jgqw dw pu`qr, BweI Bgvwnw dw poqy, BweI rUpw dw pVpoqw sI[ BweI rUpw BweI rx m`l dw pu`qr sI[

BweI rUpw dy dUjy do hor Brw godVIAw Aqy Bojw sn[ BweI godVIAW dw pu`qr BweI DUVw 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ ieMJ hI BweI Bojw dy do poqy qy BweI Drmw dy byty, BweI C`qw Aqy BweI AmIAw, 26 ApYRl 1635 nUM krqwrpur ivc Aqy qIjw poqw BweI j`gU PgvwVy ivc 29 ApRYl 1635 dy idn ShId hoieAw sI[

BweI Bojw dy iek poqy Kymw cMdnIAw dw bytw BweI aUdw auhI sI jo BweI jIvn isMG (jYqw) qy BweI nwnU dy nwl rl ky gurU qyg bhwdr swihb dw sIs id`lI qoN AnMdpur swihb lY ky igAw sI[ BweI aUdw 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn BMgwxI dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[)

BweI krn isMG dw cwcw BweI eISr isMG 29 Agsq 1700 dy idn qwrwgVH dI lVweI ivc Aqy sB qoN in`kw cwcw BweI sUrq isMG 8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ BweI krn isMG dy dwdy dy Coty Brw BweI gu`lU dw pu`qr BweI idAwl isMG pihlI sqMbr 1700 do idn lohgVH dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ iesy pirvwr dy v`fy-vfyirAW ivcoN, BweI rUpw dy dwdy BweI rwmw dy v`fy Brw aUdw dw poqw BweI suKIAw (pu`qr BweI mWfn) BweI mnI isMG dI BUAw nwl ivAwihAw hoieAw sI[ AgoN aunHW dy pirvwr ivcoN vI drjn qoN v`D jxy ShId hoey sn[ ieMj ieh swrw Kwndwn pMQ vwsqy jwnW vwrn vwilAW dw pirvwr sI[

krn isMG prvwr rwTOr-rwjpUq bhwdrI nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ aus dy v`fy-vfyry BweI rwmw (ipqw BweI rxml) dI AOlwd hox kr ky ‘rmwxy’ vI AKvwauNdy sn[ BweI rwmw dw dwdw BweI jlHw sI[ ies kr ky ienHW nUM ‘rmwxy’ dy nwl-nwl ‘jlHwny’ vI AwiKAw jWdw sI[ BweI suKIAw mWfn nUM aus dy dwdy BweI aUdw kr ky “aUdwny” Aqy “aUdwny-jlHwny” vI AwiKAw jWdw sI[ ieh pirvwr vDyry kr ky soDrw Aqy KYrpur ivc irhw krdy sn[

krn isMG Awpxy v`fy-vfyirAW nwl Aksr AnMdpur swihb Aqy gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) jwieAw krdw sI[ mwrc 1709 dy AwKrI hPqy auh AMimRqsr hI sI jdoN 6 ApRYl dy idn p`tI dy cODrI hr shwie ny Aqy 12 ApYRl nUM noSihrw pMnUAW dy hwkm cODrI dyvw ny gurU dw c`k ’qy hmlw kIqw[ krn isMG ies lVweI ivc sB qoN mUhry ho ky liVAw sI[ auh lMbw smW qlvwr clwauNdw irhw Aqy AKIr duSmxW dy AwhU lwhuMdw hoieAw Awp vI ShId ho igAw[ krn isMG ShIdI smyN, swied, Ax-ivAwihAw sI, iesy kr ky kursInwimAW ivc aus dy mgroN aus dy iksy vwirs dI koeI qPsIl nhIN imldI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krm isMG rwjw

krm isMG (16.10. 1798 -23.12.1845) pu`qr rwjw swihb isMG qy rwxI Aws kor, 30 jUn 1813 dy idn pitAwlw dw rwjw bixAw[ aus ny Qwnysr dy hwkm BweI BMgw isMG dI bytI rUp kOr nwl ivAwh kIqw[

ij`Qy ies dw ipqw nwlwiek sI, au~Qy ieh iblkul ault cqur qy sUrbIr sI[ aus ny goriKAW dy hmly vyly AMgryzW dI mdd kIqI, ijs dy ienwm vjoN aus nUM kuJ phwVI ielwky id`qy gey[

auh Dwrimk p`K qoN vI rUhwnI ibrqI dw mwilk sI[ aus ny bhuq swry gurduAwirAW dIAW iemwrqW p`kIAW bxvweIAW Aqy aunHW dy nW zmInW Aqy jgIrW lweIAW.

(rwjw krm isMG)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krm isMG ihstorIAn

krm isMG ‘ihstorIAn’ (18.3.1884 – 10.9. 1930) dw jnm BweI JMfw isMG iF`loN dy Gr ipMf Jbwl (izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1900 ivc dsvIN pws krn mgroN auh Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc dwi^l hoieAw[ ie`Qy aus dy mn ivc is`K ieiqhws dI Koj dI lgn lg geI qy aus ny pVHweI ivcy C`f ky Koj dw kMm SurU kr id`qw[ mwstr eISr isMG nW dy iek S^s ny aus dI mwiek mdd kIqI Aqy aus ny kwrj SurU kr id`qw[

krm isMG bhuqw smW pYdl hI tur ky Koj krdw irhw sI[ sB qoN pihlW aus ny aunHW bzurgW dy ibAwn iek`Ty kIqy ijnHW ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qy hor is`K rwijAW dy rwj Awpxy A`KIN vyKy sI[ aus ny gurU nwnk swihb dI XwqrW dw hwl pqw krn vwsqy m`ky dy s&r ’qy vI cl ipAw sI, pr jd auh bZdwd pu`jw qW lokW nUM aus dy ZYr muslmwn hox dw pqw l`gw qW aus nUM au~QoN hI vwips Awauxw ipAw[ 1910 ivc pitAwlw dy mhwrwjw BUipMdrw isMG ny aus nUM styt ihstorIAn lw id`qw ijs nwl aus dw ^rcw c`lx lg ipAw[ pr, aus ny ieh syvw bhuqI dyr nw sMBwlI Aqy pihlW pitAwlw qy iPr nYnIqwl ivc KyqI krnI SurU kr id`qI[ 22 dsMbr 1929 dy idn Akwl q^q ’qy hoey iek iek`T ivc ‘is`K ihstrI soswietI’ kwiem kIqI geI, ijs dw sYktrI aus nUM bxwieAw igAw[ 1930 ivc mlyrIAw ho jwx nwl aus dI moq ho geI[ krm isMG ihstorIAn ny ‘bMdw isMG bhwdr’, ‘mhwrwjw Awlw isMG’, ‘jIvn bIbI sdw kOr’, ‘kqk ik ivswK’, ‘gurprb inrxY’, ‘AMimRqsr dI qvwrI^’, ‘jIvn hrnwm kOr’, ‘Amr Kwlsw’ ikqwbW ilKx qoN ielwvw BweI bwly vwlI jnm swKI qy hor nukiqAW bwry bhuq Koj kr ky is`K qvwrI^ dI kmwl dI syvw kIqI sI[ aus dI Koj nUM &ulvwVI mYZzIn ny ‘krm isMG ihstorIAn dI ieqhwsk Koj’ dy nW hyT CwipAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krm isMG bbr (dOlqpur)

krm iSMG (20.3.1890 – 1.9.1923) dw jnm nwrwiex isMG vjoN ipMf dOlqpur (izlHw nvWSihr ) ivc s. n`Qw isMG qy mwqw du`lI dy Gr hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw; pr A`T swl dI nOkrI mgroN AsqI&w dy ky Gr muV AwieAw[ auh 1910 ivc aus nUM aus dy cwcy virAwm isMG ny knyfw bulw ilAw[ au~Qy aus dw sbMD Zdr pwrtI nwl bx igAw qy auh AzwdI dI j`gojihd ivc ih`sw pwaux vwsqy vqn muV AwieAw[ Zdr lihr dy bhuq swry AwgU igR&qwr kr ky kYd kr id`qy ley gey pr auh bc igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny pwhul lY leI Aqy nvW nW krm isMG r`K ilAw[

nwnkwxw swihb dy swky (20 &rvrI 1921) ivc qkrIbn 200 is`KW dy vhSIAwxw kqlyAwm Aqy ies ivc srkwr dI SmUlIAq ny ij`Qy Awm is`KW ivc ros pYdw kIqw, au~Qy nOjvwnW, swbk ZdrI AwgUAW Aqy &OjIAW ivc zbrdsq roh vI pYdw kIqw[ ies swky qoN mgroN kuJ KwVkU nOjvwn Awps ivc imly Aqy swky dy izµmydwr bMidAW ƒ soDx (kql krn) dw mqw pws kIqw[ 1921 ivc is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs huiSAwrpur ivc 25 qoN 27 mwrc qk hoeI[ kuJ KwVkU is`K (ijnHW mgroN bbr AkwlI dl bxwieAw) qy rl ky KwVkU AYkSn krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies muihMm ivc mwstr moqw isMG, dlIp isµG (swDVw), ikSn isµG gVrwj (biVMg), qwrw isµG (TyTr), bylw isµG (GolIAw), qoqw isMG (ipSwvr), nrYx isµG (cwtIivµf), vqn isµG (knyfIAn) Swiml sn[ ies KwVkU jQy ny sB qoN pihlw AYkSn bOirµg (suprfYNt sI.AweI.fI.) dy kql dw cuixAw igAw[ pr 23 meI 1921 ƒ ies muihµm ’qy inkly bylw isµG qy gµfw isµG ƒ swDU isµG (lwhOr) ny igR&qwr krvw id`qw[ mgroN gµfw isµG vwAdw muAw& gvwh bx igAw ijs kr ky bhuq swry kwrkuMn igR&qwr kr ley gey[

ies kys ivc mwstr moqw isMG, ikSn isMG gVgj Awid PVy nw jw sky qy ieh swry m&rUr krwr id`qy gey[ies mgroN BweI ikSn isµG gVg`j ny m&rUr (ckrvrqI) rih ky ‘ckrvrqI jQw’ bxw ilAw[ ies jQy dw mksd pµQ doKIAW szw dyxw, twaUtW qy JolI cu`kW ƒ soDxw, AµgryzW dy i^lw& pRcwr krnw sI[ aunHIN idnIN BweI krm isµG dOlqpurI vI Aijhw hI iek vKrw jQw bxw ky kwrvweIAW kr irhw sI[ kuJ icr mgroN ies soc dy swry is`K iekTy ho gey qy aunHw ny sWJIAW kwrvweIAW krnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[

ienHW ny iek jlsw 8 ApRYl 1922 dy idn ipMf dOlqpur ivc kIqw[ 2 Agsq 1922 qoN aunHW ny ‘gVgj AkwlI doAwbw’ nW hyT iek ^uPIAw A^bwr vI SurU kr ilAw, jo j`sovwl dy BweI hridq isMG Gr ivc iek sweIklostweIl mSIn ’qy CwipAw jWdw sI[ ies A^bwr dw AYfItr krm isµG dOlqpurI sI[ auh Awpxy nW nwl ‘bbr’ q^`lus iliKAw krdw sI[ hOlI-hOlI ienHW dy jQy dw nW ‘bbr AkwlI jQw’ mShUr ho igAw[ ies jQy dI A^bwr ‘gVg`j AkwlI’ ny bhuq swry KwVkUAW Awpxy nwl joV ilAw[ hOlI-hOlI ies jQy ivc bhuq swry nOjvwn Swiml ho gey[ bbr lihr ny iqMn swl lgwqwr KwVkU kwrvweIAW kIqIAW[ AMgryzI rkwr ny aus dy isr ’qy iek hzwr rupY dw eInwm r`iKAw jo mgroN iqMn hzwr kr id`qw[

Zdwr AnUp isMG mxko ny eynI rkm dy eInwm dy lwlc ivc puls nwl iml ky ZdwrI krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ ies swzS hyT aus ny bbr AkwlI lihr dy muKI AwgU krm isMG dOlqpur, ibSn isMG, mihMdr isMG pMforI gMgw isMG, audY isMG rwmgVH JuMgIAW nUM 31 Agsq 1923 dy idn ipMf bbylI ivc (PgvwVw qoN qkrIbn 12 iklomItr dUr) myhr isMG dy Gr lY AWdw qy auDr ausy Swm nUM boG isMG qy aus dy pu`qr jsvMq isMG nUM puls suprfYNt imstr simQ nUM ieqlwh dyx vwsqy Byj id`qw; ausy rwq nUM hI puls dI iek v`fI DwV ny ipMf bbylI nUM Gyrw pw ilAw Aqy 1 sqµbr 1923 dI svyr nUM jd ienHW bbrW ny vyiKAw ik puls dI v`fI DwV aunHW nUM GyrI KVI hY qW aunHW ny puls ’qy golIAW clwaux dy nwl-nwl byeIN ndI vl vDxw SurU kr id`qw[ ies dOrwn puls vI aunHw dw ip`Cw krdI rhI[ A^Ir auh cwry hI ndI ivc iTlH pey pr puls ny aunHW ’qy ndI ivc vI golIAW dw mINh vrHwauxw jwrI r`iKAw; ies nwl audY isMG qy mihMdr isMG ShId ho gey pr krm isMG qy ibSn isMG z^mI ho ky pwr lMG gey[ puls ny ies dOrwn vI golIAW clwauxIAW jwrI r`KIAW ijs nwl BweI krm isMG qy ibSn isMG vI ShId ho gey[[ ies hmly ivc 1400 pulsIAW qy &OjIAW ny ih`sw ilAw sI[ ienHW cwr ShIdIAW nwl bbr lihr dw qkrIbn ^wqmw hI ho igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krm cMd (cMdU dw pu`qr)

klwnOr dw rihx vwlw krm cMd, gurU Arjn swihb ’qy zulm krvwaux vwly (dIvwn) cMdU dw pu`qr sI[ ieh Bgvwn dws GyrV dw juAweI sI[ jd gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr iklHy ivc sn qW Bgvwn dws GyrV (cMdU dw kuVm) ny ruhIlw (goibMdpur, hux hrgoibMdpur) ’qy D`ky nwl kbzw kr ilAw sI[ gvwlIAr qoN vwips Aw ky gurU swihb ny Bgvwn dws qoN ies dw kbzw vwips KoihAw Aqy ies QW nUM Pyr sMvwirAw qy vswieAw[ kuJ mhIinAW mgroN Bgvwn dws GyrV ny krm cMd dI mdd nwl iek &Oj iek`TI kIqI Aqy 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies hmly ivc burI qrHW hwr Kwx mgroN Bgvwn dws GyrV ny jlMDr dy muslmwn hwkm nUM pYsy dy ky aus dI &Oj nUM cVHw ilAWdw[ 3 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn Pyr bVI Gmswn dI lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc Bgvwn dws GyrV, aus dw pu`qr rqn cMd qy cMdU dw pu`qr krm cMd iqMny hI mwry gey[ ies hwr mgroN iksy hor nUM gurU swihb ’qy hmlw krn dw hOslw nw ipAw[

3 AkqUbr dI lVweI ivc hornW dy nwl-nwl BweI nwnU (BweI mnI isMG dy dwdy dy Brw), BweI prwgw (BweI mqI dws qy sqI dws dy pVdwdw), BweI mQrw B`t (ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hY) ny vI lVweI ivc bhwdrI dy ^Ub zOhr idKwey Aqy ies lVweI ivc aus ny ShIdI vI hwisl kIqI[ ies lVweI ivc aunHW ny hornW qoN ielwvw muZl jrnYlW bYrm KW qy eImwm b^S ƒ vI mwirAw sI[ ies sbMDI iek AMdrwj B`t vhIAW ivc ies qrHW imldw hY:

“nwnU bytw mUly kw, poqw rwau kw, pVpoqw cwhV kw, bMs bIJy kw, bMJrwauNq, swl solW sY AT`qRw, k`qk pRivSty qIj ky idhuM, gwm ruhIlw prgxw btwlw ky mlHwn, gurU kw bcn pwie rqnw bytw Bgvwny kw, krmw bytw cMdU kw, bwsI klwnOr ko mwr ky mrw[ gYloN mQrw, bytw iBKy kw, poqw reIey kw, pVpoqw nrsI kw, bMs BgIrQ kw, kOiSS goqR gOV bRwhmx, prwgw bytw goqm kw, Bwrgv goqR, iC`br bRwhmx, hor rx jUJMqy gurU ky joDy swmHy mwQy rx myN jUJ kr mry [” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw bMJrauNqo kw)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kpUro/ kpUr kOr

bIbI kpUro (kpUr kOr) BweI lwlw brwV dI bytI sI[ aus dw ivAwh BweI f`lw (pwhul mgroN f`lw isMG), jo qlvMfI swbo dy ielwky dw mwilk sI, nwl hoieAw sI[ 16 jnvrI 1706 qoN 30 AkqUbr 1706 qk gurU goibMd isMG jI Awpxy qkrIbn iek sO swQIAW sxy ienHW kol rhy sn[ aus ny gurU jI qy is`KW dI qih idl qoN syvw kIqI[ mwrc 1706 ivc jd gurU jI dIAW pqnIAW (suMdr kOr qy swihb kOr) qlvMfI swbo AweIAW qW ies ny aunHW nUM Swhwnw jI AwieAW ikhw[ aus ny AwpxI swrI izMdgI iesy ipMf ivc hI guzwrI[ bIbI kpUr kOr syvw Aqy ipAwr dw muj`smw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kpUr isMG nvwb

nvwb kpUr isMG (1697 – 7.10.1753), pu`qr BweI dlIp isMG dw jnm ipMf &Yzlwpur (izlHw qrnqwrn), ivc hoieAw sI[ ies ’qy kwbz hox mgroN aus ny ies dw nW isMGpurw r`K id`qw sI (vyKo: isMGpurw)[

1721 ivc aus ny BweI mnI isMG qoN KMfy dI pwhul leI[ 1726 ivc jd BweI qwrw isMG f`l-vW ShId ho igAw qW aus ny is`K &Oj dw ih`sw bxn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ auh is`K &OjW dy muKI drbwrw isMG dy j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw[ aus dI syvw nUM vyK ky drbwrw isMG ny aus nUM &Oj dw nwieb (ifptI muKI) bx id`qw[

29 mwrc 1733 dy idn jd zkrIAw ^wn ny is`KW nUM guru-dw-c`k, dIpwlpur, kMgxvwl, Jbwl Awid dI jwgIr Aqy ‘nvwb’ dy Ahudy dI pySkS kIqI qW pihlW qW is`KW ny ies nUM r`d kr id`qw, pr ies nwl &Oj nUM vDyry jQybMd krn dy i^Awl nwl vkqI qOr ’qy mnzUr krnw mMn ilAw[ ies mOky ’qy Kwlsw &Oj dy drbwrw isMG ny nvwbI dI iK`lq kbUl krn qoN nWh kr id`qI[ swQIAW dy zor dyx ’qy kpUr isMG ny ieh Ahudw kbUl kr ilAw (ijs nwl ‘nvwb’ l&z aus dy nW nwl juV igAw)[

1734 ivc drbwrw isMG dI mOq ho geI qy aus nUM Kwlsw &OjW dw jQydwr cux ilAw igAw[ 29 mwrc 1748 dy idn swry is`K j`iQAW (dl Kwlsw) nUM iek`Tw kr ky 11 imslW ivc vMf id`qw igAw[ ienHW ivcoN iek imsl aus dy ipMf dy nW ’qy isMGpurIAw imsl bxweI geI sI[ ies swry dl Kwlsw dw muKI vI nvwb kpUr isMG sI[ ieh smW is`KW vwsqy bVI v`fI j`dojihd dw sI qy aus ny kOm nUM bhuq kmwl dI AgvweI id`qI[ auh iek mhwn XoDw, jrnYl qy jQybMdk AwgU sI[

1753 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[ aus dw koeI b`cw nhIN sI; ies kr ky aus dw BqIjw ^uShwl isMG aus dI imsl dw muKI bixAw qy dl Kwlsw dw muKI j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM bxwieAw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kpUr isMG AweI.sI.AYs.

isrdwr kpUr isMG ( 2.3.1909 – 13.8.1986) dw jnm BweI dIdwr isMG dy Gr ipMf c`k (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny mu`FlI pVHweI lwielpur ivc Kwlsw skUl qoN, mwstr qwrw isMG koloN hwisl kIqI[ aus ny pMjwb XUnIvristI lwhOr qoN AYm.ey. i&lws&I dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI qy AglyrI pVHweI vwsqy ieMglYNf dI kyNbirj XUnIvristI ivc dwi^l ho igAw ij`Qy brtrMf r`sl vrgw mhwn i&lws&r aus dw ausqwd sI[ 1931 ivc aus ny XUnIvristI ivc pihly nMbr ‟qy Aw ky ifgrI hwsl kIqI[ 1933 ivc aus ny AweI.sI.AYs. dw iemiqhwn pws kIqw Aqy aus nUM ifptI kimSnr dw Ahudw id`qw igAw[ auh jlMDr, huiSAwrpur, JMg, krnwl Aqy gujrwq dw ifptI kimSnr irhw[ 1953 ivc aus nUM iek in`kI ijhI qknIkI ZlqI kwrn nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw igAw qy aus nUM Gr bYTxw pY igAw[

1962 ivc mwstr qwrw isMG ny aus nUM guMmnwmI ivcoN k`iFAw Aqy luiDAwxw qoN lok sBw dI cox lVweI qy pwrlImYNt dw mYNbr bxw id`qw[ 1966 ivc jd pMjwbI sUbw bxwaux vwsqy lok sBw ivc ib`l pyS kIqw igAw qW aus ny zbrdsq qkrIr kIqI jo iek qvwrI^I dsqwvyz bx geI[ 1969 ivc aus nUM pMjwb AsYNblI vwsqy smrwlw hlky qoN cux ilAw igAw[ 13 Akqubr 1973 dy idn aus nUM “nYSnl pRo&Ysr Aw& is`Kiezm” dw i^qwb id`qw igAw[ 1974 ivc bxwey „AnMdpur swihb dw mqw‟ ivc aus dw bhuq rol sI; ies dw muFlw s&w aus dw iliKAw hoieAw sI[

1981 ivc aus nUM ADrMg dw dOrw ipAw ijs nwl aus dIAW kwrvweIAW ‟qy bhuq Asr ipAw qy auh Gr ivc hI mihdUd ho igAw qy auh cMfIgVH qoN clw igAw Aqy Awpxy Brw su`cw isMG dy Gr (AgvwV lopoN, jgrwEN) ivc rihx lg ipAw[ 1984 ivc drbwr swihb dy hmly ny vI aus dy mn ‟qy bhuq Asr pwieAw[ auh iek`l, gumnwmI Aqy bImwrI Bogdw 1986 ivc cVHweI kr igAw[ kpUr isMG bhuq gusYl suBwA dw sI pr aus ivc CyqI nrm pY jwx dI ^UbI vI sI[

kpUr isMG ny kuJ ikqwbW vI ilKIAW sn ijnHW ivc hsIs, puMdrIk, bhu ivsqwr, spq isRMg vrgIAW swihqk rcnwvW qoN ielwvw „swcI swKI‟ Aqy pRwSrpRSn (AMgryzI) vI Swiml hn[

aus dI ikqwb „swcI swKI‟ ieiqhws p`KoN bhuq Zlq smgrI nwl BrI hoeI hY ijhVI ik aus dI kuJ AwgUAW nwl n&rq Aqy izMdgI ivc kuJ mOikAW ‟qy hoeI nwkwmXwbI dy gu`sy dw nqIjw hY[ aus dI prwSRpRSn vI is`K &ls&y dy isDWqk p`K qoN bhuq Zlq hY[

isrdwr kpUr isMG nM is`KW ny bhuq mwx id`qw hY; aus dw Asl kwrn aus dI ivdvqw nhIN blik aus dw is`K homlYNf Aqy ^wilsqwn dw ihmwieqI hoxw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kpUr isMG (kotkpUrw)

BweI kpUrw (1628-1708) BweI lwlw brwV dw pu`qr sI[ KMfy dI pwhul lYx mgroN aus dw nW kpUr isMG r`iKAw igAw sI[ aus dw qwieAw B`lx jMgl dys dy kuJ ielwky dw muKI sI[ 1643 ivc aus dI mOq mgroN ieh aus dI irAwsq dw muKI bixAw[ aus dI irAwsq ivc mOjUdw kotkpUrw, mukqsr qy &rIdkot dy kuJ ielwky Swiml sn[ pihlW auh pMjgrweIN nW dy ipMf ivc rihMdw sI pr 1661 ivc aus ny (mOjUdw kotkpUrw ivc) iek iklHw bxwieAw qy auQy rihx lg ipAw[ kpUr isMG dI BYx kpUro qlvMfI dy swbo BweI f`ly nwl ivAwhI hoeI sI[ ieh pirvwr bhuq icrW qoN is`KI nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[

iek vwr gurU hir rwie swihb aus kol Tihry sn qy aus ny bVI SrDW nwl gurU jI dI syvw kIqI sI[ 5 qy6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq nUM AnMdpur C`fx mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI 27 dsMbr dy idn aus kol gey sn[ aus ny gurU jI dI bhuq syvw kIqI[ swrI hwlq jwxn mgroN aus ny guru jI nUM slwh id`qI ik auh aus dI BYx bIbI kpUro kol qlvMfI swbo cly jwx; auh QW muZlW dy hmilAW qoN mih&Uz rhygI[ aus ny d`isAw ik ^br imlI hY ik srhMd dw &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn sYNkVy &OjW nwl gurU jI dI Bwl ivc ieDr Aw irhw hY Aqy jMgl dys dy pTwx eIsw ^wn mMJ nUM gurU jI dy kotkpUrw hox dw pqw zrUr l`g jwxw hY ies vwsqy auh dovyN kotkpUrw ’qy XkInn hmlw krngy[ aus ny gurU jI nUM iek vDIAw GoVw, iek Fwl Aqy qlvwr Aqy pMj muhrW Byt kr ky qlvMfI swbo Byj id`qw[ gurU jI auQoN qlvMfI vwl cl pey (kpUr isMG dI jwxkwrI shI sI[ Agly idn hI vzIr ^wn dI &Oj kotkpUry phuMc geI[ aus ny vyiKAw ik gurU jI au~Qy nhIN sn[ kpUr isMG ny vzIr ^wn nUM d`isAw ik gurU jI ijDr gey hn auDr pwxI nhIN iml skxw[ ies g`l ny vzIr ^wn nUM frw id`qw qy aus ny ip`Cy muVn dw ierwdw kr ilAw[ aus dI iesy &Oj dI do idn mgroN, 29 dsMbr dy idn, iKdrwxy dI Fwb ’qy is`KW nwl lVweI hoeI sI)[

1708 ivc eIsw ^wn mMJ ny DoKy nwl kpUr isMG nUM kYd kr ky kql kr id`qw[ mgroN kpUr isMG dy byitAW (su`Kw, symw Aqy muKIAw) ny eIsw ^wn nUM kql kr ky bwp dy kql dw bdlw ilAw qy aus dy ielwky ’qy kbzw vI kr ilAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kpUr dyau/dyv

iek swKI muqwibk kpUr dyau gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek sMjIdw is`K sI[gurU jI ny aus ny ielwky dw msMd QwipAw hoieAw sI[ iek vwr aus ny gurU jI qoN pu`iCAw ik gurmuK is`K ikhVw hY jo sdw Bwxw mMndw hY, qW gurU jI ny Swhbwzpury dy BweI sMmn dw nW ilAw sI[

BweI gurdws ilKdy hn ik aunHW nUM imilAW mn ^uS ho jWdw sI[ BweI gurdws ny aunHW dw izkr AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieMj kIqw hY: puq spuq kpUr dyau, isKY imilAw mn ivgsMdw (vwr 11, pauVI 292).

(hor vyKo: sMmn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kMvr isMG

BweI kMvr isMG Akwl &YfrySn dw knvInr sI[ 1981 qoN hI auh pMQk lihr dw ih`sw bx cukw sI[ 1984 ivc drbwr swihb dy hmy qoN mgroN auh pwiksqwn clw igAw sI Aqy KwVkU kwrvweIAW krdw/krvwauNdw irhw sI[

17 meI 1993 dy idn puls ny aus nUM qy aus dI dUjI pqnI kulbIr kOr nUM Aihmdwbwd qoN igR&qwr kr ilAw[ aunHW nUM 10 mhIny ZYr-kwnUMnI kYd ivc r`iKAw igAw[

ies dorwn aus ny pMjwb pulIs nUM byvkU& bxw ky aunHW nwl ‘dosqI’ kwiem kr leI[ ies nwl aus dw nklI puls mukwbly ivc mwry jwx qoN bcwA ho igAw[ ies ihrwsq dy smyN dOrwn aus ny bhuq swry is`K nOjvwnW hI nhIN bIbIAW qy bzurgW nUM vI puls dy zulm dw iSkwr huMdy Aqy nklI mukwbly vwsqy iljWdy hoey AwpxIAW A`KW nwl vyiKAw[

hux aus ny iek hor cwlwkI KyfI ik auh mIfIAw dI hwzrI ivc puls dy muKI ky.pI. ig`l A`gy Awqm smrpx krygw[ ies vwsqy 29 mwrc 1994 dI qwrI^ in`QI geI[ jd swrw mIfIAw Aw igAw qW kMvr isMG ny mIfIAw dy swhmxy aucU aucI ikhw ik ‘mYN AOrMgzyb A`gy Awqm-smrpx nhIN krWgw[’ puls ny mIfIAw ’qy bhuq zor pwieAw ik ieh Gtnw A^bwrW ivc nw Cpy; pr bhuq swry p`qrkwrW ny ieh mMnx qoN nWh kr id`qI[

ies nwl kMvr isMG dI jwn vI bc geI Aqy is`KW dy nklI mukwbilAW dw rwz vI KuilHAw[ ies mgroN kMvr isMG qy kulbIr kOr ’qy kwnUMnI qOr ’qy mu`kdmw clwieAw igAw[

Agsq 1996 ivc muk`dmy dw &Yslw hoieAw; kMvr isMG nUM 5 swl dI kYd suxweI geI qy kulbIr kOr irhw kr id`qI geI.

BweI kMvr isMG lyKk nwl 1998 ivc

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kMvl nYx (soFI)

BweI kMvl nYx, ijs dw nW soFI kOl iliKAw vI imldw hY, soFI hirjI (mOq 16-4-1696) dw pu`qr, imhrbwn (mOq 18.1.1639) dw poqrw Aqy ipRQI cMd (mOq 8.4.1619) dw pVpoqw sI[1620 qoN 1696 qk ies prvwr dw drbwr swihb AMimRqsr ’qy kbzw irhw sI[ soFI hirjI dI mOq mgroN aus dy iqMny pu`qr (hr gopwl, kMvl nYx qy inrMjn rwey) iek`Ty nw rih sky[ do swl dy AMdr-AMdr hI auh mwlvy vwl cly gey[ ienHW ivcoN kvl nYx iFlvW klW (nyVy kotkpUrw) clw igAw qy au~Qy rihx lg ipAw[

5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI ADI rwq nUM AnMdpur C`fx mgroN gurU goibMd isMG mwlvy nUM gey sn qy ies dOrwn rsqy ivc iek idn, 27 dsMbr 1705 dy idn, auh iFlvW klW ipMf ivc vI ruky sn qy kvl nYx dy Gr Tihry sn[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU jI ny ‘auc dw pIr’ vwly bsqr ie`Qy auqwry sn (hwlWik gurU jI ny auh bsqr dInw ipMf ivc hI auqwr id`qy sn qy BweI Drm isMG qy prm isMG dI mwqw dy Byt kIqy bsqr pihx ley sn)[ eyQy kvl nYx ny gurU jI nUM Arz kIqI ik auh aus dy byty ABY cMd nUM pwhul dy ky is`KI ivc Swiml krn[ ABY cMd ny 29 mwrc 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo jw ky pwhul leI sI qy ABY isMG bixAw sI[

30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn jd gurU jI qlvMfI swbo qoN d`Kx vl tury sn qW auh ABY isMG nUM nwl lY ky gurU jI nUM Alivdw kihx vwsqy pu`jw sI.

(iFlvW klW dw ‘gurduAwrw godwvrIsr’, jo 1706 ivc soFI kMvl nYx dw Gr sI)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kmlw dyeI (kOlW)

bIbI kmlw dyeI, p`tI, (izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc rihx vwly ikSn cMd kumrwau dI bytI sI[ gurU hirgoibMd jI dw cOQw ivAwh ies nwl 1625 ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh bhuqw smW gurU swihb dy nwl krqwrpur (jlMDr) ivc rhI sI[ ies dI mOq julweI 1628 ivc krqwrpur ivc hI hoeI sI[

ies dy ^wndwn dw pqw nw hox kr ky ‘sUrj pRkwS’ dy lyKk kvI sMqoK isMG Aqy ‘guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN’ dy lyKkW (gurmuK isMG qy drbwrw isMG) ny ies nUM iek muslmwn AOrq ‘kOlW’ bxw id`qw sI[ ienHW lyKkW v`loN GVI khwxI muqwibk bIbI kOlW muslm kwzIAW qoN bcx vwsqy gurU hrgoibMd jI kol gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) AweI sI qy aus nUM mOjUdw gurduAwrw kOlsr kol iek koTVI ivc irhwieS idqI geI sI; Aqy, mgroN sMgqW v`loN ieqrwz krn kwrn aus nUM krqwrpur (jlMDr) Byj id`qw igAw sI[ krqwrpur ivc ies dI smwD bxI hoeI hY[

ienHW lyKkW ny gurU jI nwl kOlW dy sbMDW bwry hor vI bhuq GtIAw pRcwr kIqw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kml, BweI

1. BweI kml gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ auh iek inmr Aqy SrDwvwn is`K sI [ aus ny Awpxw AMq smW gurU jI dI syvw ivc ibqwieAw sI.

2. BweI kml jo iek kSmIrI muslmwn sI, gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dy is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ auh bhuq smW kIrqpur irhw sI Aqy gurU drbwr Aqy swD sMgq dI syvw krdw irhw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kmwldI/ kmwl dIn (rwie kmwldI mojdI kI vwr)

gurU gRMQ swihb ivc (s&w 318 ‟qy), gauVI rwg ivc, gurU Arjn swihb dI iek vwr hY ijs aupr hdwieq hY: “rwie kmwldI mojdI kI vwr kI Duin aupir gwvxI”.

ies dw ipCokV ieh hY ik iksy vyly bwr dy ielwky ivc iek cODrI kmwl-aud-dIn rihMdw sI, aus ny Awpxy Brw swrMg ƒ zihr dy ky mwr id`qw sI[ swrMg dw iek pu`qr sI jo audoN in`kw sI[ swrMg dI mOq mgroN aus dI pqnI Awpxy pu`qr ƒ lY ky pyky clI geI[ jdoN ieh v`fw hoieAw qW nwnikAW dI &Oj lY ky kmwl-aud-dIn nwl Aw liVAw[ kmwl-aud-dIn mwirAw igAw[

ieh swrI gwQw FwFIAW ny iek „vwr‟ dy rUp ivc gwvIN:
rwxw rwie kmwl dIN rx Bwrw bwhIN] mOju`dIN qlvMfIEN ciVAw swbwhI]…

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kilXug pWfw

AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb purI (jgn nwQ purI) vI gey sn[ Awp 7 jUn 1510 dy idn purI ivc mOjUd sn[ purI dy bwhrvwr iek pWfw rihMdw sI[ auh bhuq piVHAw-iliKAw Aqy cusq sI[ auh bhuq qyz qbIAq dw mwilk vI sI[ lok aus qoN Aksr firAw krdy sI[ aus dI A`l ‘klXug’ kr ky mShUr sI[ jdoN klXug ny lokW qoN gurU nwnk swihb dI mihmw suxI qW aus ƒ bVI iKJ AweI[ pihlW qW aus ny rsqy ivc hI gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ƒ frwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr auh kwmXwb nw ho sikAw[

klXug pWfy ny iek pwKMf rcwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus ny lokW ivc ieh Brm pwieAw hoieAw sI ik jd auh A`KW bMd krdw hY qW aus ƒ qYRlokI (Asmwn, dunIAW qy pwqwl) dy drSn ho jWdy hn[ lok aus ƒ v`fI hsqI smJ ky aus dy pwqr (TUTy) ivc pYsy (dwn vjoN) pw dyNdy sn[ iek vwr jd aus ny A`KW bMd kIqIAW qW mrdwny ny aus dw TUTw cu`k ky aus dy ip`Cy rK idqw[ jd aus ny A`KW KolHIAW qW TUTw auQy nw vyK ky ieDr auDr Jwkx lg ipAw[ ies qy gurU swihb ny aus ƒ ikhw ik ‘qYƒ TUTw qW idsdw nhIN qUµ iqMn lok ikvyN vyK skdw hYN?’ gurU jI ny aus ƒ smJwieAw ik pKMf krn dI jgh r`b dI s`cI BgqI krnI cwhIdI hY[ gurU swihb ny aus ƒ disAw ik ‘r`b dw s`cw igAwn hwisl krnw hI qRYlokI ƒ vyKxw hY[’

pWfy klXug ny gurU swihb dI isiKAw sux ky isr JukwieAw Aqy is`KI Dwrn kIqI (aus dy vwirs Aj vI purI ngr ivc rihMdy hn Aqy Awpxy GrW ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI AwrqI pVHdy hn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kilAwxw BweI

kilAwxw gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ pRcilq khwxI muqwibk iek vwr ieh gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ngr dI auswrI vwsqy ieh l`kVW lYx vwsqy mMfI dy ielwky ivc igAw[ aunHIN idnIN mMfI ngr ivc lok jnm AStmI mnw rhy sn qy aunHW ny vrq r`iKAw hoieAw sI[ kilAwxw ikauNik is`K sI ies ny vrq nw r`iKAw[ mMfI dy rwjy dy hukm hyT aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky aus kol pyS kIqw igAw[ rwjy ny aus nUM nwsiqk jwx ky szw dyxI cwhI, pr aus ny gurbwxI ivcoN hvwly dy ky, vrq r`Kx nUM Pokw krm kWf swibq kr ky, rwjy dI inSw krvw id`qI[ rwjw aus ’qy bVw ^uS hoieAw qy auh BweI kilAwxw dy nwl hI gurU-dw-c`k AwieAw qy gurU jI dy drSn kIqy qy is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw[

BwvyN ieh khwxI bhuq mShUr hY, pr s`c ieh hY ik mMfI dw rwjw gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN qoN hI is`K pMQ nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kilAwxw sUd

lwhOr vwsI BweI kilAwxw sUd gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieMj kIqw hY: sUdu kilAwxw sUrmw, BwnU Bgqu sbdu vIcwrI (vwr 11, pauVI 25).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kilAwxw pwsI

BweI kilAwxw pwsI gurU–dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) dw rihx vwlw iek pRmuK SihrI sI[ BweI kysr isMG iC`br (bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqswhIAW dw) muqwibk, 1709 ivc jd mwmw ikrpwl isMG id`lI qoN AwieAw sI aus ny BweI kilAxw pwsI qy hor pMcW nwl ngr dI hwlq bwry ivcwrW kIqIAW sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kilAwxw (id`lI)

BweI kilAwxw gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ ieh pirvwr CINbw (tWk-K`qrI) ibrwdrI nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ aus ny muh`lw idlvwlI id`lI ivc iek Drmswlw bxweI hoeI sI ijs ivc AwauNdy jWdy is`K ruikAw krdy sn[ au~Qy hr roz svyry Swm gurbwxI dw gwiex huMdw sI qy BweIcwrk ivcwrW hoieAw krdIAW sn[

gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kYd hox qoN pihloN, jnvrI 1613 ivc, qy iPr nvMbr 1619 ivc jd gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr qoN pMjwb nUM muVy sn qW auh aus dI Drmswlw ivc Tihry sn[ iPr 1664 ivc jd gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb id`lI Awey sn qW auh vI aus dI Drmswl ivc rhy sn[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik BweI kilAwxw gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN dw is`K hovy ikauNik jy aus dI Drmswlw ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb Tihry sn qW auh XkInn bhuq purwxI Drmswlw hovygI[

ieh ho skdw hY ik auh gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw hovy Aqy jd CyvyN qy nOvyN gurU aus dy vwirs ies Drmslw nUM clwauNdy hox[ 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn jd gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM ShId kIqw igAw sI qW BweI gurid`qw rMDwvw (bwb bu`Fw prvwr) vI iesy Drmslw ivc TihirAw hoieAw sI; gurU jI dI ShIdI dI ^br dy sdmy nwl auh ie`Qy hI cVHweI kr igAw sI[

BweI kilAwxw dy do pu`qr sn: BweI aumYdw qy BweI jYdw[ A`goN aumYdw dy iqMn pu`qr sn: bwGw, eISr qy kIrq [ A`goN bwGw dy cwr pu`qr sn: gurb^S rwie, qulsI rwie, nwƒ rwm (pwhul mgroN nwnU isMG) qy BweI sYxw cMd (pwhul mgroN sYxw isMG)[ ienHW ivcoN gurb^S mgroN rwm rwie dw swQI bx igAw sI[ qulsI rwie gurU goibMd isMG jI vyly id`lI dy ielwky dw msMd sI (auh 1698 ivc msMdW dI prK vyly s`cy-su`cy msMdW ivcoN iek swibq hoieAw sI qy guru jI ny aus nUM isrpwE dI b^iSS vI kIqI sI)[

bwGw dy cOQy pu`qr sYxw isMG (sYnwpqI) ƒ “gur soBw” ikqwb dw lyKk vI mMinAw jWdw hY[

nwƒ isMG (jo qvwrI^ ivc nwnUM isMG idlvwlI vjoN mShUr hY) dy do pu`qr sn: Grbwrw isMG Aqy drbwrw isMG[ 31 Agsq 1700 dy idn Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj vloN iklHw AgMmgVH ’qy kIqy hmly ivc bhuq swry phwVI ispwhI qW mwry hI gey sn[ pr ies mOky ’qy kuJ isMGW ny vI ShwdqW pweIAW sn[Grbwrw isMG ienHW ShIdW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhI qlauNFw ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

“… Grbwrw isMG bytw nwƒ isMG kw, poqw bwGy kw… vwsI idlvwlI Awid is`KW swl sqrW sY sqvMjw Bwdv idhuM iek`qIs SnIvwr ky idvs gurU kw bcn pwie iklHw AgMmgVH, prgnw AgMmpuw ky mlhwn, prbqI rwjXoN ky gYl, fyF pihr Gor ju`D kr ky, swmHy mwQy jUJ kr suAws dIey”. (B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgnw jINd, Kwqw jlHwny puAwroN kw)[

nwnUM isMG idlvwlI dw dUjw bytw BweI drbwrw isMG bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ShIdI mgroN swrIAW is`K &OjW dw muKI/jQydwr bixAw sI[ (nvwb kpUr isMG iesy dy j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI)[ aus ny 1734 ivc cVHweI kIqI sI qy aus dI QW nvwb kpUr isMG jQydwr bixAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kilAwxw (Awgrw)

Awgrw vwsI BweI kilAwxw gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieMj kIqw hY: Axd murwrI mhWpurKu, kilAwxw kuil kvil rswlw (vwr 11, pauVI 27)[

BweI kwnH isMG ny aus nUM ZlqI nwl ibMdrwE goq dw ilK id`qw hY; Awgry ivc nwno qy ltkx do jxy ibMdrwE goq vwly sn, ijnHW dw izkr BweI gurdws ny iesy pauVI ivc kIqw hY: nwno ltkx ibMdrwE, syvw sMgiq pUrxu Gwlw (vwr 11, pauVI 27)[

BweI kwnH isMG nUM ZlqI lgx dw kwrn ieh hY ik aus ny sUrq isMG ilKq ‘is`KW dI Bgqmwlw’ (ijs nUM aus ny BweI mnI isMG dI ilKI kih ky prcwirAw sI) ivclI iek swKI nUM ADwr mMn ilAw sI, ijs ivc aus ny kilAwxw nUM ltkx ilK id`qw sI[ sUrq isMG ny kilAwxw nUM gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN ruhIlw dI lVweI (27 sqMbr qy 3 AkqUbr 1621) ivc iksy blvMf ^wn nW dy muZl jrnYl nUM mwrdw vI idKwieAw hY; hwlWik ies lVweI ivc ies nW dw koeI muZl jrnYl Swiml nhIN sI[

sUrq isMG ny AijhIAW keI g`pW koloN GVIAW sn qy aus dy pu`qr igAwnI sMq isMG dy cyly kvI sMqoK isMG ny qW ‘sUrj pRkwS’ ivc g`pW dw hVH hI lY AWdw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kilAwx isMG

BweI kilAwx isMG 29 Agsq 1700 dy idn iklHw qwrwgVH dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[kilAwx isMG, BweI idAwl dws (ShId 11 nvMbr 1675, cWdnI cONk, id`lI) dw pu`qr, BweI mweI dws dw poqw qy ShId BweI b`lU dy pVpoqw sI[ BweI mnI isMG Awp dw cwcw sI[kilAwx isMG ShId BweI idAwl dws dw pu`qr hox kr ky is`KW ivc pihloN hI Aihm QW r`Kdw sI[kilAwx isMG hurIN iqMn Brw sn[ ienHW ivcoN sB qoN v`fw BweI mQrw isMG sI qy sB qoN Cotw BweI Drm isMG[ BweI kilAwx isMG ShIdI vyly Ajy kuAwrw sI[ (BweI kilAwx isMG dy v`fy Brw BweI mQrw isMG ny vI mgroN 8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShIdI pweI sI)[

kilAWx isMG iek qkVw jvwn sI qy iklHw qwrwgVH ivc qwienwq sI[ jdoN 29  Agsq  dy  idn  iblwspur  dy  rwjy  Ajmyr  cMd  dIAW  &OjW  ny  ies  iklHy  ’qy Acwnk hmlw kr id`qw qW au~Qy isr& igxqI dy is`K hI sn[ ienHW igxqI dy is`KW ny swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dI AgvweI ivc hmlwvrW dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw[ ies lVweI ivc BwvyN Awi^r ij`q is`KW dI hoeI pr ies mOky ’qy kilAwx isMG qy kuJ hor is`K ShId ho gey[kilAwx isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ AwieAw hY:
“eISr isMG bytw kyvl kw poqw AwVU kw ibMjlauq, kilAwn isMG bytw idAwl dws kw, poqw mweIdws kw, bMJrauq, mMgq isMG bytw ibMny aupl kw…..vwsI AMbmwVI, pRgnw lwhOr…..swl sqrW sY sqvMjw Bwdv pRivSty aun`qIs, vIrvwr ky idhuM, gurU ky Sihzwdy AjIq isMG kw bcn pwie iklHw qwrwgVH ky mlhwn, pRgnw qwrwpur, eyk pihr Gor ju`D kr, Gxy prbqI mwr, swhmxy mwQy rx myN jUJ kr ShwdqW pwie gey[ GumMf cMd bytw gMBIr cMd kw, BweI audY isMG ky hwQ sy Gwiel hUAw” (B`t vhI qUmr ibMjlauNqoN kI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kilAwx cMd rwjw

ihmWcl dI kihlUr irAwsq (iblwspur) dw rwjw kilAwx cMd (pu`qr rwjw sulqwn cMd) 1601 qoN 1636 qk ies irAwsq dw rwjw irhw sI[ muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr vyly aus dw hukm moVn dy doS ivc ies nUM ies dy pu`qr qwrw cMd sxy igR&qwr kr ky gvwlIAr iklHw ivc bwrW swl vwsqy kYd kr id`qw igAw sI[

28 AkqUbr 1619 dy idn gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny ies dI irhweI krvweI sI[ ies mgroN auh keI vwr AMimRqsr jw ky gurU jI nUM imilAw sI qy jd auh kIrqpur Aw gey qW vI auh aunHW nUM imlx igAw sI[ 12 &rvrI 1637 dy idn swkyq dI lVweI ivc aus dI mOq hoeI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kilAwx cMd (mihqw kwlU)

bwbw gurU nwnk swihb dy ipqw kilAwx cMd (aunHW dw nW kilAwx dws, kilAwx rwie qy mihqw kwlU vI iliKAw imldw hY) dw jnm 1440 ivc bwbw iSv nwrwiex (pu`qr rwm nwrwiex) Aqy mwqw bnwrsI dy Gr rwie Boie dI qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw swihb) ivc hoieAw sI[ irvwieqI ilKqW muqwibk auh ipMf dw ptvwrI sI[ pihlW auh ipMf p`TyivMf (jo hux ^qm ho cukw hY; ieh mOjUdw qrnqwrn qihsIl dy ipMfW lohwr Aqy jwmwrwie dy ivckwr sI)[

BweI kilAwx dws dI SwdI (mwqw) iqRpqw (puqrI BweI rwmw, vwsI ipMf cwhl, izlHw lwhor) nwl 1451 ivc hoeI sI[ bwbw kilAwx dws dy Gr iek bytI nwnkI (1464) Aqy iek byty nwnk (1469) ny jnm ilAw[ aunHW dI mOq 1522 qoN mgroN gurU nwnk swihb dy vswey ipMf krqwrpur ivc hoeI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwlU nwQ

biTMfw izLHy dy ksby nQwxw dw vwsI BweI kwlU nwQ jo gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ gurU jI mihrwj dI lVweI (17 dsMbr 1634) qoN pihlW vI qy mgroN vI ie`Qy Awey sn[ jd gurU nQwxw pu`jy qW ies ny gurU jI dI bhuq syvw kIqI Aqy is`KI Dwrn kIqI[ Aj klH nQwxw ivc kwlU nwQ dw bhuq v`fw fyrw hY qy aus dI Xwd ivc v`fw mylw lgdw hY[ pr, hux hor swry fyirAW vWg aus dy fyry vwly is`KI dI mirAwdw dw pRcwr nhIN krdy[ ies ngr ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw gurUsr’ bixAw hoieAw hY.

hor vyKo: nQwxw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)