Archives: Sikhs Biographies Punjabi

g`Kr/gKrI/g`KV

muslmwn rwjpUqW dw iek kbIlw ijs dw v`fw ih`sw p`CmI pMjwb dy c`j-doAwb ielwky ivc (^ws kr ky izlHw jyhlm ivc) rihMdw hY; kuJ g`KV izlHw hzwrw ivc vI rihMdy hn[ g`KV bVy AxKIly qy AVb suBw dy huMdy hn[ A&Zwinsqwn qoN Awaux vwly DwVvIAW nUM ieh su`kw nhIN sn jwx dyNdy[ jd mihmUd ZznvI ny hmlw kIqw qW ienHW ny aus dIAW &OjW dw bhuq nukswn kIqw[ sMn 1009 ivc ZznvI dy dUjy hmly smyN g`KV rwjw AnMg pwl dy nwl sn; aunHW ny pihly idn hI pMj hzwr ZznvI &OjW nM mwr id`qw sI[ ies qoN 90 swl mgroN sMn 1197 ivc kuqb-aud-dIn dI hkUmq AweI[ aus ny pihlW qW GuVwm nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw[ kuJ smyN mgroN ies dI QW ’qy id`lI ƒ ApxI rwjDwnI bxw ilAw[ hux ZznI qoN id`lI qk muslmwnW dw rwj kwiem ho cukw sI[ isr& g`KV lok hI aus dI DONs nhIN mµndy sn[sMn 1205 ivc g`KVW Aqy gOrIAW ivc iek zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ ies ivc g`KV hwr gey[ ies mgroN vI dohW ivc JVpW huµdIAW rhIAW[ iesy tkrwA ivc g`KVW Aqy gOrIAW ivc iek t`kr ijhlm dirAw dy kµFy ’qy dimAwn ipµf dy bwhr hoeI ijs ivc 4 mwrc 1206 dy idn ShwbudIn ZOrI mwirAw igAw[ ies mgroN muslmwn hwkmW ny g`KVW nwl v`fI t`kr nw leI[ smW bIqx nwl g`KV vI muslmwn bx gey.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gjpq isMG

gjpq isMG (15.4.1738-11.11.1789) PUlbMsI suKcYn isMG dw dUjw pu`qr sI[ sMn 1763 ivc ies ny jINd qy s&IdoN Awid ngrW ’qy kbzw kr ky AwpxI irAwsq kwiem kIqI sI[sMn 1774 ivc ies ny sMgrUr, Amloh Aqy BwdsoN (jo nwBw irAwsq dw ih`sw sI) ’qy kbzw kr ilAw  (mgroN iek smJOqy hyT ies ny Amloh Aqy BwdsoN qoN Awpxw kbzw C`f id`qw sI)[ ies dI DI rwj kOr mhW isMG SukrckIey nwl ivAwhI sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG iesy dI ku`K qoN pYdw hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gwVU ivj

BweI gwVU ivj gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ auh, hwVU iv`j (jo Swied aus dw Brw sI), cqur dws qy mUlw kpUr gurU swihb kol Aksr AwauNdy rihMdy sn[ iek khwxI muqwibk iek vwr aunHW ny gurU jI nUM pu`iCAw ik gurU nwnk swihb dw iek slok hY ijs ivc ikhw igAw hY ik swfIAW swrIAW koiSSW bykwr hn; Pl qW hI imldw hY jy pRmwqmw imhrbwn hovy[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny d`isAw ik gurU nwnk swihb ny aus slok ivc ieh d`isAw hY ik Akwl purK aunHW lokW ’qy b^iSS nhIN krdw ijnHW nUM Awpxy igAwn dw hMkwr hY blik aunHW nUM b^iSS krdw hY ijhVy BwvyN AnpVH hn pr aunHW ivc inmrqw Aqy SrDw hY[ aunHW ikhw ik iek Awm bMdw ieh smJdw hY ik pVHy ilKy lok jwgrUk hn Aqy AnpVH su`qy hoey hn; pr ieh shI nhIN hY[ BweI gwVU ivj qy aus dy swQIAW dw izkr BweI gurdws dIAW vwrW ivc vI imldw hY: cqur dws mUlw kpUr, hwVU gwVU ivj ivcwry (vwr 11, pauVI 20).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gWDw isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

BweI gWDw isMG aur& Bgq isMG, pu`qr BweI jvwlw isMG, dw jnm ipMf k`crBMn (izlHw &Irozpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ jd Zdr pwrtI ny AMgRyzI srkwr dy i^lw& hiQAwrbMd Gol SurU kIqw qW ieh vI aus ivc Swiml ho igAw[ aus ny bhuq swrIAW kwrvweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw[ auh c`bw dy fwky ivc vI Swiml sI[ A^Ir auh igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy muk`dmw clw ky aus nUM &WsI dI szw id`qI geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gwmw Blvwn

Zulwm muhMmd b^S b`t (22.5.1878- 23.5.1960) dw jnm AMimRqsr izlHy dy ipMf j`bovwl ivc, iek pihlvwnW dy t`br ivc, muhMmd AzIz b^S dy Gr hoieAw sI[ ieh ^wndwn kSmIrI bRwhmxW dw sI jo muZlW vyly muslmwn bx gey sn[ ieh Cy swl dw sI ik ies dy bwp dI mOq ho geI[ ies dw pwlx-poSx ies dy nwnw nUn pihlvwn ny kIqw sI; qy aus dy mrn ip`CoN ies nUM ies dy mwmy eIdw ny sMBwilAw sI[ gwmw ny do ivAwh kIqy sn: iek pMjwb ivc qy dUjw bVodw(gujrwq) ivc[

gwmw pihlI vwr joDpur ivc AKwVy ivc auqirAw; audoN auh isr& ds swl dw sI[ ies AKwVy ivc 400 qoN vD pihlvwnW ny Awpxy jOhr idKwey sn[ gwmw aunHW ivcoN cuxy gey 15 vDIAw pihlvwnW ivcoN iek sI[ sB qoN CotI aumr dw hox kr ky joDpur dy rwjy jsvMq isMh ny ies nUM pihlw eInwm id`qw[ies mgroN dwqIAw dy rwjy BvwnI isMh bhwdur ny ies nUM Apxw ilAw[

ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh hr roz cwlHI pihlvwnW nwl GuilAw krdw sI[ ieh idn ivc 5 -5 hzwr bYTkW Aqy 3 hzwr fMf k`F pYNdw sI[ ies dI ^urwk ivc swFy s`q iltr du`D, pOxw ik`lo bdwm, A`Dw iklo dysI iGE, svw iklo m`Kx, iqMn bwltIAW Pl, Cy dysI murZy Awid Swiml huMdy hn[

gwmw dw pihlw Aihm mukwblw 1895 ivc rusqmy ihMd rhIm b^S sulqwnIvwlw gujrWvwlw (auh vI kSmIrI ipCokV dw sI) nwl hoieAw sI[ ieh mukwblw iek GMty qoN vD c`ilAw Aqy ibnw ijq hwr qoN ^qm hoieAw[ ies mgroN aus ny 1910 ivc lMfn ivc jw ky AmrIkw dy pihlvwn bYNjimn rolr nUM hrwieAw[ 10 sqMbr 1910 dy idn aus ny ivSv cYNpIAn zibsko nwl mukwblw hoieAw[ iqMn GMty dI kuSqI mgroN ieh mYc brwbr irhw; ies kr ky 17 sqMbr nUM dobwrw mukwblw r`iKAw igAw, pr zibsko Gulx vwsqy nw AwieAw Aqy gwmw pihlvwn nUM rusqmy -zmW (vrlf cYNpIAn) AYlwinAw igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny AmrIkw dy bYNjimn rolr, sivtzrlYNf dy mOirs fyrIAwz, svIfn dy jYsy pItrsn nUM vI hrwieAw[

ieMglYNf qoN muVn mgroN aus dw mukwblw iek vwr iPr rusqmy ihMd rhIm b^S nwl Alwhwbwd ivc hoieAw[ ies vwr gwmw ny aus nUM vI hrw id`qw[ 1927 ivc swbkw ivSv cYNpIAn zibsko ny gwmw nwl Pyr Gulx dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI[ ies vwr mukwblw pitAwlw ivc hoieAw qy gwmw ies vwr vI jyqU irhw[ 1929 ivc aus ny iPr jYsy pitrsn nUM hrwieAw[ 1940 ivc aus ny hYdrwbwd ivc au~QoN dy swry pihlvwnW nUM hrwieAw[ ie`Qy aus dw Aw^rI mukwblw blrwm hIrmn isMh nwl hoieAw ijs ivc gwmw ivroDI pihlvwn nUM hrw nw sikAw qy mYc brwbr irhw[

1947 ivc gwmw lwhOr rihx lg ipAw[ 1952 ivc gwmw ny kuSqIAW krnIAW bMd kr id`qIAW[ aus ny Awpxy BqIjy BolU pihlvwn nUM isiKAw dy ky Awpxw vwirs AYlwinAw[ pwiksqwn dy swbkw vzIry-Awzm nvwz SrI& dI byZm kulsUm aus dI dohqI sI.

gwmw pihlvwn (K`by pwsy) qy eImwm b^S (s`jy pwsy)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cUhV isMG

BweI cUhV isMG ShIdI imsl dw iek jrnYl sI[ jnvrI 1764 dI srhMd dI lVweI ivc aus ny BrpUr ih`sw ilAw sI[ srhMd dI ij`q mgroN jVOlI dw ielwkw aus nUM id`qw igAw sI[ aus ny isr& ds ipMf Awpxy kol r`Ky Aqy bwkI dw swrw ielwkw Awpxy swQIAW ivc vMf id`qw[ kuJ icr mgroN auh AMimRqsr clw igAw Aqy au~Qy ShIdI buMgw bxwieAw[ ies mgroN aus ny rwvI dirAw dy duAwly kw&I ielwkw m`l ilAw[ aus dy do Brw sn: mohr isMG Aqy krm isMG[ aus ny ijaUNdy jIA jVOlI dw ielwkw mohr isMG nUM dy id`qw Aqy bwkI dw ielwkw krm isMG nUM sONp id`qw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cUhV isMG lIlH

cUhV isMG lIlH iek ZdrI AwgU sI[ auh 29 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn qoswmwrU jhwz ’qy klk`qw pu`jw sI[ sMn 1915 ivc auh PiVAw igAw qy aus nUM jwiedwd zbqI qy kwly pwxI dI szw id`qI geI[ au~Qy aus ny mwVy vqIry dy i^lw& 2 AkqUbr 1917 dy idn Bu`K hVqwl kIqI[ iPr &rvrI 1932 ivc dobwrw Bu`K hVqwl kIqI jo 82 idn c`lI[ ies nwl aus dI ishq bhuq ^rwb ho geI[ ies ’qy srkwr ny aunHW nUM irhw kr id`qw pr kmzorI bhuq ho jwx kr ky auh 9 sqMbr 1933 dy idn cVHweI kr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cUhV syKoN

izlHw luiDAwxw dy ipMf dwKw dy cODrI syKoN dw pu`qr dw cUhV syKo gurU
hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU hir rwie swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[
aus ny bhuq swrw smW gurU jI kol kIrqpur ivc ibqwieAw sI[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN auh vwips ipMf Aw igAw sI ij`Qy Aw ky aus ny gRihsqI jIvn SurU kIqw sI[ aus dy Gr pMj pu`qr pydw hoey sn: Bgqw, jgqw, sgqw, rwmw qy dyvw[ ieh swry pMQ dI syvw ivc ih`sw pwauNdy rhy sn

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cUhV m`l

cUhxIAW vwsI BweI cUhV m`l gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ jdoN n`kw dy ielwky ivc kwl pY igAw qW gurU jI cUhxIAw gey sn Aqy aus nUM lokW dI mdd krn vwsqy AwiKAw sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws dIAW vwrW ivc imldw hY: “Awifq suienI sUrmw, crn srix cUhV jy sweI” (vwr 11, pauVI 24).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cUhV m`l EhrI

sMn 1620 qoN sMn 1696 qk gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) au~qy ipRQI cMd dy p`uqr imhrbwn, poqy hir jI qy aus dy pu`qrW (hr gopwl, kMvl nYx qy inrMjn rwie) dw kbzw irhw sI[ hir jI dI mOq (17 ApRYl 1696) mgroN mIxy C`f ky mwlvw vl inkl gey sn[ pr aunHW dw iek mu^iqAwr cUhV m`l EhrI-KqrI Ajy vI au~Qy hI sI[ cUhV m`l dy do pu`qr sn: mohkm isMG (jo isMG sj igAw sI) Aqy rwmU m`l[sMn 1709 dy SurU ivc mwmw ikRpwl isMG gurU-dw-c`k AwieAw[ aus ny au~Qy rih rhy lokW nwl ngr dI syvw sMBwl bwry ivcwrW kIqIAW[ aus dy jwx mgroN is`KW ny pihlI ivswK (29 mwrc 1709) dy idn swry ielwky dy is`KW dw iek`T s`idAw[ ies mOky ’qy is`KW ny lMgr dy bwlx vwsqy ies cUhV m`l qoN kuJ qUqW dy dr`^q mMgy qy aunHW dw mu`l dyx dI pySkS kIqI[ pr auh AwkV igAw qy qUq dyx qoN nWh qW kIqI hI pr nwl hI gurU goibMd isMG swihb sbMDI GtIAw i&kry vI boly[ ies ’qy isMGW ny aus dI kuJ ku`t-mwr kIqI[ aus ny AYlwn kIqw ik auh is`KW nUM aus ngr ivc rihx nhIN dyvygw[ auh siVAw-bilAw lwhOr drbwr jw hwizr hoieAw[ pihlW qW lwhOr drbwr ny aus dI prvwh nw kIqI pr A^Ir aus v`loN vwr-vwr ArzoeI krn ’qy lwhOr dy nwieb sUbydwr ny p`tI dy cODrI hr shwie ƒ gurU dw c`k ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy AwK id`qw[ hr shwie ny 6 ApRYl ƒ AMimRqsr ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ BweI mnI isMG qy BweI qwrw isMG f`l-vW dI AgvweI hyT isMGW ny p`tI dI &Oj dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ qwrw isMG vW h`QoN hr shwie mwirAw igAw[ cUhV m`l Cy idn mgroN 12 ApRYl ƒ dyvw nW dy cODrI dI kmwn hyT Pyr &Oj lY AwieAw[ isMGW ny ies &Oj ƒ vI burI qrHW pCwiVAw[ ies mgroN kw&I icr Awrwm irhw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cUhV cauJVu

lKnaU vwsI BweI cUhV cauJVu gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI, jo idn rwq nwm jpdw huMdw sI Aqy swD sMgq Aqy Awey gey dI syvw kirAw krdw sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc kIqw hY:
“cUhV cauJVu lKnaU, gurmuiK Anidm nwm vKwxI” (vwr 11, pauVI 31).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cUhV cODrI

BweI cUhV cODrI Aqy aus dw Brw purIAw gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN sn[ is`KW dI Bgqmwlw dy lyKk muqwibk iek vwr auh gurU jI kol Awey qy ikhw ik AsIN AwpxI nOkrI kridAW keI vwr JUT boldy hW qy Zlq g`lW krdy hW; swfw Cutkwrw ikvyN hovygw[ gurU jI ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik JUT, Zu`sw, AwkV, hMkwr qy haumY dw iqAwg kro; ipMf ivc iek Drmswlw kwiem kro Aqy sMgq ivc hr roz d`isAw kro ik AsIN JUT boldy rhy sI; ies nwl quhwfw Cutkwrw hovygw[ BweI cUhV ny gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) dI auswrI ivc bhuq ih`sw pwieAw sI[aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc kIqw hY: “purIAw cUhV cauDrI, pYVw drgh dwqw Bwrw” (vwr 11, pauVI 18).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

icqr isMG

BweI icqr isMG ƒ 24 jUn 1734 dy idn lwhOr ivc ShId kIqw igAw sI[ icqr isMG BweI mnI isMG dw pu`qr, BweI mweI dws dw poqw Aqy ShId BweI b`lU dw pVpoqw sI[ auh BweI mnI isMG dy dsW pu`qrW ivcoN sB qoN v`fw sI[ aus dy pirvwr ivcoN drjnW jixAW ny pMQ vwsqy jwnW vwrIAW sn[ aus dy pVdwdw, ipqw, cwcy-qwey, ccyry Brw Aqy hor ikMny hI irSqydwr pMQ dy ShIdW dI &ihirSq ivc Swiml sn[ aus dy ShId hox qk (1734 qk) aus dy cwr ivcoN do byty vI ShId ho cu`ky sn: aus dw v`fw bytw kyso isMG 28 dsMbr 1711 dy idn iblwspur ivc ShId hoieAw sI qy aus qoN Cotw sYxw isMG 28 jUn 1713 dy idn sFOrw ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ aus dw cOQw qy sB qoN Cotw bytw hwTU isMG, kw&I mgroN 27 mwrc 1758 dy idn, srhMd ivc ShId hoieAw sI[

ApRYl 1734 ivc jdoN BweI mnI isMG ƒ AMimRqsr qoN igR&qwr kIqw igAw qW aus ƒ vI Awp dy ipqw nwl ihrwsq ivc lY ilAw igAw Aqy lwhOr iljwieAw igAw[ bwkI is`KW vWg aus ƒ vI “ieslwm Aqy mOq” ivcoN iek cuxn vwsqy ikhw igAw[ aus ny jwn nwloN Drm ƒ qrjIh id`qI Aqy ShIdI mnzUr kr leI[ aus ƒ 24 jUn 1734 dy idn lwhOr ivc nKws cOk ivc ShId kIqw igAw sI[ ies jgHw gurduAwrw ShId gMj BweI mnI isMG bixAw hoieAw sI (hux auh iemwrq Fih cukI hY Aqy aus QW ’qy dukwnW bxIAW hoeIAW hn).

hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: gulzwr isMG, mnI isMG.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

icqr sYn

BweI icqr sYn gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy smyN dw iek prmuK is`K sI[ sMn 1635 ivc auh krqwrpur (jlMDr) AwieAw qy gurU jI dy drSn kIqy[ aus ny gurU jI nUM iek GoVw, bwz Aqy iek Swndwr cogw Byt kIqw[ gurU jI ny auh cogw pYNdy ^wn nUM dy id`qw qy ikhw ik auh drbwr ivc hwzr hox smyN pihx ky AwieAw kry; aunHW ny auh bwz Awpxy pu`qr gurid`qw nUM dy id`qw[ pYNdy ^wn dy juAweI ny auh bwz corI kr ilAw[ jd aus dI corI PVI geI qW pYNdy ^wn muAw&I mMgx dI QW b`sI pTwxW dy pTwx jrnYl Asmwn ^wn JWgVI nUM cVHw ilAwieAw[ 26 qoN 28 AprYl 1635 qk, iqMn idn hoeI ies lVweI ivc pYNdy ^wn, aus dw juAweI, b`sI pTwxW dw jrnYl Aqy bhuq swry hor hmlwvwr ispwhI mwry gey[ bhuq swry is`K vI ies ivc ShId hoey.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

icrwZ dIn

ieh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy vzIr &kIr AzIz-aud-dIn dw pu`qr sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies nUM kuJ smyN vwsqy jsrotw irAwsq dw pRbMDk lwieAw sI[ sMn 1842 ivc ies nUM &Irozpur ivc lwhOr drbwr dw s&Ir lw id`qw igAw, ieh sMn 1846 qk ies syvw ’qy qweInwq irhw[ ies dI mOq sMn 1851 ivc hoeI sI[ ies dw pu`qr isrwj-aud-dIn kuJ smyN vwsqy bhwvlpur dw cI& minstr irhw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

icrwZ dIn, kwzI

kwzI crwZ dIn Ajnyr (qihsIl Kmwxo, izlHw &qihgVH) dw vwsI sI[ ieh ipMf mwCIvwVw qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr hY[ BweI nbI ^wn qy BweI ZnI ^wn dI mdd nwl cmkOr dI gVHI ivcoN inkl ky gurU goibMd isMG 8 dsMbr 1705 dy idn mwCIvwVw pu`jy sn[ au~Qy aunHW dw pihlw pVwA BweI pMjwby dw bwZ sI[ rwq vyly auh BweI jIvn isMG dy Gr cly gey sn Aqy iqMn idn aus dy cObwry ivc rhy sn (ij`Qy hux gurduAwrw cObwrw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY)[ ies dOrwn nbI ^wn Ajnyr dy ies kwzI crwZ dIn kol igAw Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI dw hwl ibAwn kIqw[ kwzI gurU jI dw swidk qy murId sI[ aunHW ny &Yslw kIqw ik gurU jI nUM mwCIvwVw ivcoN k`F ky pihlW Ajnyr ilAWdw jwvy Aqy ies mgroN dInw kWgV ivc phuMcwieAw jwvy[ kwzI crwZ dIn dy swry pwsy bhuq murId sn[ aus ny Awpxy bhuq v&wdwr cwr swQIAW nUM mwCIvwVw bulw ilAw[ ieh cwr sn: ienwieq AlI nUrpur, kwzI pIr muhMmd sloh, subyg Swh hlvwrw Aqy hsn AlI moTU mwjrw[ ieh swry 11 dsMbr dy idn mwCIvwVw pu`j gey[ ies dorwn gurU jI iqMn idn BweI jIvn isMG dy Gr ivc hI rhy[ 12 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gurU swihb muslmwnW dy pIrW vwly kpVy (nIl bsqr) pihx ky kwzI crwZ dIn qy cwr murIdW nwl mwCIvwVw qoN dInw kWgV v`l c`l pey[ aunHW ny is`Dw rsqw nhIN ilAw blik ivcoN-iv`coN huMdy hoey gVHI qrKwxW, GuMGrwlI, mwnUMpur qy BVI ivcoN lMGdy hoey auh Ajnyr pu`jy qy kwzI crwg Swh dy mihmwn bxy[ aus rwq Awp Ajnyr ipMf ivc hI rhy qy 13 dsMbr nUM A`gy cl pey[

ies vwr vI is`Dy rsqy pYx dI bjwie ivcoN-iv`coN huMdy hoey mlkpur, l`l (hux l`l klW), ktwxI (hux ktwxI klW), rwmpur huMdy (31 iklomItr dUr) dorwhw pu`jy Aqy rwq auQy srW ivc ibqweI (ies srW dy iek isry ’qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY)[ ieQoN cl ky Awp knyc qy hor ipMfW ivcoN huMdy hoey 14 dsMbr dy idn (20 iklomItr dUr) AwlmgIr pu`jy[ iek rwq ie`Qy rihx mgroN (20 iklomItr dUr) mohI ipMf v`l cly gey[ 15 dsMbr dI rwq mohI ivc rihx mgroN Awp 16 dsMbr nUM (13 iklomItr dUr) hyrW ipMf jw pu`jy[ ie`QoN cl ky 17 dsMbr dI rwq (12 iklomItr dUr) lMmy jtpury ibqweI ij`Qy rweypur dw nvwb rwey klHw Awp nUM imlx AwieAw[ aus ny Awpxy swQI nUrw mwhI nUM sIhrMd (hux srhMd) Byj ky mwqw gujrI Aqy b`icAW dI ShIdI Aqy tofr m`l dy vwirsW v`loN aunHW dw sskwr kIqy jwx dI ^br dI qsdIk krvweI[

do rwq ie`Qy rihx mgroN ieQoN cl ky gurU jI 19 dsMbr dy idn (24 iklomItr dUr) q^qUpurw pu`jy[ie`Qy Awp ny kwzI crwZ dIn Aqy bwkI cwr murIdW dw SukrIAw Adw kIqw Aqy aunHW ƒ Alivdw AwKI Aqy Awp GoVy ’qy svwr ho ky A`gy cly gey sn[ Ajnyr ivc kwzI crwZ dIn dw mzwr A`j vI kwiem hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cYqnX

cYqnX (18.2. 1486-14.6. 1534), pu`qr jgn nwQ (ivSvMBr) imSrw, dw jnm nbdvIp Dwm (Ajokw nwdIAw ngr, p`CmI bMgwl) ivc hoieAw sI[ jd auh Awpxy ipqw dy srwD vwsqy gXw igAw qW aus dw myl svwmI eISvr purI nwl hoieAw ijs nUM aus ny Awpxw gurU Dwrn kIqw[ bMgwl qoN prqx mgroN auh kuJ smW au~Qy irhw Aqy iPr sMinAwsI bx igAw[ ies smyN auh kySv BwrqI nUM imilAw ijs nUM aus ny Awpxw dUjw gurU mMn ilAw[ sMn 1510 ivc auh purI (jgnnwQ purI) igAw Aqy aus ny AwpxI aumr dy Aw^rI 24 swl purI (EfISw) ivc hI ibqwey[ ies ielwky dw gjpiq kul dw rwjw pRqwp rudr dyv (rwj sMn 1497- qoN sMn 1540 qk), ijs dI hkUmq gMgw dirAw qoN kwvyrI dirAw qk (mOjUdw AWDrw, iqlMgwnw, bMgwl, mD pRdyS, JwrKMf) dy bhuq swry ielwky ‘qy sI, cYqMnX nUM imQhwsk dyvqy ikRSn dw Avqwr mMndw sI[ auh keI vwr cYqMnX dIAW sBwvW ivc Swiml hoieAw krdw sI[

ie`Qy jUn 1510 ivc cYqMnX dw myl gurU nwnk swihb nwl vI hoieAw sI[ cYqnX dI mOq 48 swl dI aumr ivc hI ho geI sI[ cYqMnX ny Bgvq purwn Aqy Bgvq gIqw ’qy ADwirq ivSnU BgqI dw prcwr kIqw Aqy lokW ivc hry ikRSnw mMqr nUM pRcwirAw[ aus nUM ‘AicMq Byd AByd’ dw moFI mMinAw jWdw hY[ aus dw rMg gorw hox kr ky aus nUM ‘gorWg’ vI kihMdy sn.

cYqMnX dw iek klipq icqR :

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cyq isMG

ieh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw iek Aihlkwr sI, ijs nUM bhuq Aihm izMmydwrIAW sONpIAW geIAW sn[sMn 1831 ivc jd mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy brqwnvI Bwrq dy vwiesrwey ivlIAm bYNitMg dI mulwkwq vwsqy ropV ivc sqluj dirAw au~qy pul bxwieAw igAw sI qW aus dI auswrI dI ingrwnI ies ny kIqI sI[

sMn 1833 ivc jd AnMdpur swihb dy soFIAW (gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy byty sUrj m`l dy vwirsW) ivc JgVw hoieAw qW aus dw inptwrw iesy ny hI kIqw sI[

sMn 1837 ivc hrIky ivc sqluj dirAw ’qy pul bxwaux dI kwrvweI dI ingrwnI vI iesy ny hI kIqI sI[ ies mgroN aus nUM lwhOr ivc SwhI mhl dI ingrwnI dI syvw sONpI geI sI[

auh lwhOr drbwr dw iek v&wdwr ispwhI sI[ AMgryzW nwl lVweIAW dOrwn vI auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy pirvwr dw v&wdwr irhw sI[ rwmngr dI lVweI (22 nvMbr 1848) mgroN AMgryz jnrl g`& ny aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky kYd kr id`qw sI[ies mgroN aus nwl kI bIqI, qvwrI^ ivc ies bwry kuJ pqw nhIN lgdw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr

cyq isMG bwjvw

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq (27 jUn 1839) mgroN aus dw sB qoN v`fw pu`qr KVk isMG “mhwrwjw” bixAw[ rxjIq isMG ny AwpxI hkUmq dI bhuqI qwkq iDAwn isMh fogrw qy aus dy pu`qr hIrw isMh Aqy iDAwn isMh dy BrwvW (gulwb isMh qy sucyq isMh) vZYrw ƒ sONpI hoeI sI[ iDAwn isMh fogrw pRweIm minstr sI[ KVk isMG fogirAW dIAW swzSI kwrvweIAW qoN duKI sI[ aus dw sB qoN v`fw slwhwkwr cyq isMG bwjvw sI[ fogry smJdy sn ik cyq isMG ƒ rwh ivcoN htwaux nwl hI auh swrI qwkq Awpxy h`Q ivc r`K skdy sn[ ies kr ky aunHW ny cyq isMG dy i^lw& iek swizS GVI[ aunHW ny cyq isMG v`loN AMgryzW ƒ ilKIAW nklI ic`TIAW iqAwr kIqIAW Aqy aus ƒ “Zdwr” AYlwn krvwaux vwsqy, ienHW ^qW ƒ Awpy bxweI iek “kONsl” kol pyS kIqw[ ies 11 mYNbrI kONsl ivc iqMn fogry (iDAwn isMh, kysrI isMh qy hIrw isMh), cwr sMDwvwlIey* (Aqr isMG, ikhr isMG, lihxw isMG, Syr isMG), imsr lwl isMh bRwhmx, AlYZzYNdr gwrfnr qoN ielwvw rwxI cMd kOr (mhwrwxI) Aqy kMvr nOinhwl isMG Swiml sn[ ies kONsl dI swzSI mIitMg ivc fogirAW ny mqw pws krvwieAw ik cyq isMG ƒ (jwAlI) ic`TIAW ilKx bdly szwey-mOq idqI jwvy qy KVk isMG ƒ htw ky qwkq kMvr nOinhwl isMG ƒ sONp idqI jwvy[

9 AkqUbr 1839 nUM iDAwn isMh fogrw dI AgvweI hyT ies “kONsl” dy kuJ mYNbr KVk isMG dy kmry ivc dwi^l hoey[ aunHW ny cyq isMG bwjvw ƒ l`B ky KVk isMG dy swhmxy kql kr id`qw[ KVk isMG ro-ro ky qy cI^-cI^ ky rokdw irhw pr iDAwn isMh ny Awpxy h`QIN cyq isMG ƒ kql kr idqw[ ie`QoN pqw lgdw hY ik KVk isMG ikho-ijhw kmzor-idl, mwzUr qy buzidl rwjw sI jo Awpxy slwhkwr nUM vI bcwA nw sikAw qy aus dy kql smyN isr& roNdw irhw sI[KVk isMG eynw duKI hoieAw ik aus ny keI idn Kwxw vI nw KwDw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cyq isMG nwnkwxw

cyq isMG, pu`qr jvwlw isMG dw jnm buMfwlw (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ pMjwb ivc nihrW inklx mgroN ieh prvwr c`k nMbr 64 buMfwlw (lwielpur, hux &Yslwbwd) clw igAw sI[ cyq isMG bcpn qoN hI Dwrimk ibrqI vwlw sI[ jdoN gurduAwrw suDwr (AkwlI) lihr SurU hoeI qW ies ny ies ivc BrpUr ih`sw ilAw[ 5 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jd is`KW ny ipSwvr ivc gurduAwrw BweI jogw isMG nUM pMQk kbzy hyT ilAWdw qW ies vI aus muihMm ivc ih`sw ilAw[ ienHW idnW ivc nwnkwxw swihb nUM Awzwd krvwaux dI lihr vI cl rhI sI[ jd BweI lCmx isMG DwrovwlI nwnkwxw swihb nUM Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`Qw lY ky c`ly qW auh vI Awpxy ipMf qoN, 19 &rvrI 1921 dy idn iek jQw lY ky, ies ivc Swiml hoieAw[ AglI svyr nUM jd auh nwnkwxw swihb pu`jy qW mhMq nrYxU dy guMifAW ny aus nUM j`Qy dy bwkI mYNbrW dy nwl ShId kr id`qw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cyq isMG jYqo

BweI cyq isMG ipMf vMfwlw (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) dw rihx vwlw sI[ jd gurduAwrw gMgsr, jYqo ivc AKMf pwT KMfq hox dw morcw l`gw qW pwT dobwrw SurU krn vwsqy 9 &rvrI 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN pihlw ShIdI j`Qw jYqo nUM igAw[ 21 &rvrI 1924 dy idn jd ieh nwBw irAwsq ivc dwi^l hoieAw qW AMgryzI &Oj ny aunHW ’qy golIAW clw ky bhuq swry is`KW nUM ShId kr id`qw[ AMgryz smJdy sI ik ienHW ShIdIAW nwl is`K fr jwxgy pr hoieAw aultw hI[ is`KW ny v`fI igxqI ivc ShIdI j`iQAW ivc nW ilKvwauxy SurU kr id`qy[ cyq isMG ny Awpxw nW pMjvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc ilKvwieAw, jo lwielpur qoN 12 ApRYl 1924 dy idn cilAw qy 26 ApRYl dy idn AMimRqsr pu`jw[ au~QoN c`l ky ieh j`Qw 21 meI nUM jYqo pu`jw qy igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ jylH ivc mwVy vrqwau qy qsIihAW kr ky cyq isMG jylH ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cyq msMd

ieh iek msMd sI ijhVw vkq bIqx nwl byeImwn ho igAw sI[ aus dw Asl nW cyq sI, pr aus dIAW krquqW kr ky lok aus nUM ‘cyqU’ qy ‘cyqo’ kihx lg pey sn[ ieh sMgqW v`loN kIqIAW BytW nUM Kurd burd kr ilAw krdw sI[ mwrc 1698 ivc jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny msMdW dI prK krn vwsqy aunHW nUM AnMdpur qlb kIqw qW ieh vI au~Qy pu`jw[ gurU jI ny aus qoN p`uC pVqwl kIqI qW auh AwpxIAW krqUqW qoN mukr igAw[ ies ’qy sMgqW ny aus nUM munwisb szw id`qI
(iek irvwieq muqwibk aus nUM mOq dI szw id`qI geI sI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cOpw isMG (caupiq rwey)

BweI cOpw isMG ƒ 3 jnvrI 1724 dy idn ShIdI hwisl hoeI sI[ auh bwvw pYrw dw pu`qr qy bwbw gOqm rmdws dw poqw sI[ aus dw dwdw gurU nwnk swihb dI cOQI audwsI vyly is`K pMQ dw ih`sw bx igAw sI[ bwvw pYrw dw vI gurU Gr nwl fUMGw sbMD sI[ auh gurU swihb dy hzUrI is`KW ivcoN iek sI[cOpw isMG dw pihlw nW caupiq rwie sI [ jdoN caupiq rwey Ajy in`kw hI sI qW bwvw pYrw ny aus ƒ gurU hir rwie swihb dy Arpx kr id`qw Aqy ies mgroN auh gurU swihb kol kIrqpur hI irhw sI[

8 jUn 1656 dy idn jdoN (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb kIrqpur qoN lMbI Xwqrw ‟qy inkly qW caupiq rwie vI aunHW dy nwl igAw[ ies sbMDI B`t vhIAw ivc ieh ieMdrwj imldw hY:“gurU qyZ bhwdr jI bytw guru hirgoibMd jI mhl Cty kw, poqw gurU Arjn kw, soFI KqrI, bwsI kIrqpur prgxw kihlUr, sMmq sqrW sY qyrW AswF pRivSty igAwrW qIrQ Xwqrw jwny kI iqAwrI kI[ gYLoN mwqw nwnkI jI AweI, iesqrI gurU hirgoibMd jI kI, mwqw nyqI jI AweI iesqrI gurU gurid`qw jI kI, mwqw hrI jI AweI iesqrI gurU sUrj m`l jI dI, bwvw bwlU hsnw qy bwvw Almsq jI Awey cyly gurU gurid`qw jI ky, mwqw gujrI jI AweI iesqrI gurU qyg bhwdr jI kI, ikRpwl cMd AwieAw bytw bwbw lwl cMd suiB`KI kw, dIvwn drgwh ml AwieAw bytw dvwrkw dws iCbr bRwhmx dw, swDU rwm AwieAw bytw Drm cMd Kosly kw, durgw dws AwieAw bytw pdm rwie hjwbq cOhwn kw, drIAw AwieAw bytw mUl cMd jlHwny puAwr kw, idAwl dws AwieAw bytw mweI dws puAwr blauNq kw, caupiq rwie AwieAw bytw pYrw rwm iCbr kw[ hor is`K PkIr Awey[” (B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgxw jINd).

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ies Drm-pRcwr dOry ‟qy 8-9 jUn 1656 dy idn cly sn[ ies qoN ieh AMdwzw lwieAw jw skdw hY ik caupiq rwie jy ies vyly pMdrW vIh ku swl dw vI hovy qW vI auh sMn 1635 qy 1640 dy ivckwr pYdw hoieAw hovygw[ ieM\ 4 jnvrI 1724 ƒ ijs idn aus ƒ ShId kIqw igAw, aus dI aumr 85 Aqy 90 swl dy ivckwr hovygI)[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jUn 1656 ivc kIrqpur swihb qoN c`l ky kurUkSyqr, hrduAwr, pRXwg, bnwrs Aqy v`K-v`K QWvW qoN huMdy hoey ibhwr gey sn ij`Qy auh sMn 1664 dy SurU q`k rhy sn[ ies mgroN vI mwrc 1664 qoN AkqUbr 1665 q`k (qkrIbn fyF swl) pMjwb dyS ivc ivcrn (jUn 1665 ivc c`k nwnkI dI nINh r`Kx sxy) mgroN auh Pyr ibhwr, Aswm, bMgwl dy dOry ‟qy cly gey sn[ ij`QoN muV ky auh sMn 1670 ivc vwips Awey sn[ ies smyN dOrwn (1656 qoN sMn 1670 q`k), qkrIbn 14 swl, mwqw gujrI jI, mwmw ikrpwl Aqy caupiq rwie Aqy kuJ hor is`K ptnw ivc hI rhy sn[ ie`Qy hI 18 dsMbr 1661 dy idn swihbzwdw goibMd dws (isMG) dw jnm hoieAw sI[ caupiq rwie goibMd dws ƒ bcpn ivc iKfwauNdw huMdw sI [ ies kr ky qwrI^ ivc aus ƒ “caupiq rwie iKfwvw” iliKAw vI imldw hY[ swihbzwdw goibMd dws ƒ bcpn ‟c pihlI pVHweI vI caupiq rwie ny hI krvweI sI[

sMn 1670 ivc swihbzwdw goibMd dws pihlI vwrI pMjwb Awey qy v`K-v`K ngrW qoN huMdy hoey 28 Agsq 1670 ƒ Awpxy nwnky lKnOr pu`jw sI[ ies mOky ‟qy vI caupiq rwie gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy pirvwr dy nwl hI sI[ ies mgroN auh bkwly qy Pyr c`k nwnkI ivc rih ky gurU Gr dI syvw krdw irhw sI[ 11 nvMbr 1675 dy ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ShId ho gey[ ies mgroN vI caupiq rwie gurU pirvwr dw syvwdwr bx ky c`k nwnkI Aqy AnMdpur swihb rihMdw irhw sI[ mwrc sMn 1692 ivc jd gurU goibMd isMG rvwlsr, jMmU, rwmgVH, sWbw, pTwnkot Awid gey sn qW auh vI aunHw dy nwl sI[ pihlI AkqUbr 1692 dy idn jd gurU goibMd isMG iblwspur dy rwjw BIm cMd dI mOq ‟qy iblwspur gey qW vI auh aunHW dw nwl sI[

jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny Kwlsw prgt kIqw qy „KMfy dI pwhul‟ iqAwr kIqI qW sqluj dirAw ivcoN pwxI ilAw ky „KMfy dI pwhul‟ iqAwr krn dI syvw vI caupiq rwie ƒ sONpI geI sI[ ies qoN pqw lgdw hY ik caupiq rwie Gr dIAW Aqy gurU drbwr dIAW Aihm izMmydwrIAW vI inBwieAw krdw sI[ AnMdpur swihb ivc hox vwly hr smwgm dw ieMqzwm aus dy izMmy hI huMdw sI[ ies ivcqMbU, lMgr, sMgqW dy Awrwm dw i^Awl r`Kxw vI Swiml huMdw sI[

jdoN gurU jI KMfy dI pwhul dyxI SurU kIqI qW pMj ipAwirAW Aqy pMj mukiqAW
qoN bwAd pihlI tolI ivc gurU jI ny Awpxy h`QIN ijnHW XwrHW is`KW ƒ pwhul id`qI
sI aunHW ivc BweI mnI isMG, aus dy Cy byty, BweI rwm kMvr, dIvwn Drm cMd, Awlm cMd n`cxw dy nwl caupiq rwie vI Swiml sI[ ieM\ pwhul hwisl krn vwly pihly ie`kI is`KW ivc auh vI Swiml sI[

ies mgroN vI BweI caupiq rwie, jo hux cOpw isMG bx igAw sI, gurU pirvwr dI syvw krdw irhw sI Aqy hmySw hI aunHW dy nwl irhw sI[ ApRYl 1705 ivc jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny mihsUs kIqw ik hux AnMdpur swihb ivc sdw jMg dw hI mwhOl rhygw qW aunHW ny mwqw suMdr kOr, mwqw swihb kOr qy bIbI qwrw kOr ƒ id`lI Byj id`qw[ aunHW dy nwl cOpw isMG qy kuJ hor is`K vI Byjy gey sn[ dsMbr 1705 ivc gurU jI ƒ AnMdpur C`f ky jwxw ipAw[ ies swry smyN ivc vI cOpw isMG id`lI hI rhy Aqy mwqwvW dI syvw krdw irhw sI[

3 jnvrI 1724 dy idn qwrw kOr dy pqI AjIq isMG pwilq nwl iek JVp mgroN iek muslmwn &kIr dI Acwnk mOq hox ƒ hwkmW ny Dwrimk mslw bxw ky 60 is`K igR&qwr kr ley[ ienHW ƒ Agly idn 4 jnvrI ƒ kql kr id`qw igAw[ ienHW ivc ieh bzurg syvwdwr BweI cOpw isMG vI Swiml sI[ ieM\ cOpw isMG ny swrI izMdgI gurU Gr dI syvw kridAW-kridAW ibqweI sI[ aus ny AwpxI izMdgI dy 85-90 swlW ivcoN qkrIbn 70-75 swl gurU pirvwr qy guru drbwr dI syvw kIqI[ is`K pMQ ivc BweI mnI isMG qoN bwAd eynI syvw krn dw mwx isr& BweI cOpw isMG ƒ hI hwisl hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cwr swihbzwdy

gurU goibMd isMG jI dy cwr pu`qrW nUM ‘cwr swihbzwdy’ vjoN Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ v`fy do cmkOr swihb dI lVweI ivc ShId hoey sn Aqy in`ky do srhMd ivc dIvwr ivc icxy jwx smyN dIvwr if`g pYx mgroN qlvwr dy Gwt auqwry gey sn: 1. AjIq isMG (26.1.1687 -7.12.1705) 2. juJwr isMG (14.3.1691- 7.12.1705) 3. zorwvr isMG (17.11.1696-12.12.1705) 4. &qh isMG (26.2.1699-12.12.1705)[

auN\ qW gurU nwnk swihb, gurU AMgd swihb, gurU Amr dws swihb, gurU rwmdws swihb dy ^wndwn nwl sbMDq goqW (bydI, qryhn, B`ly qy soFI) dy swry lVky Awpxy Awp nUM swihbzwdy AKvwauNdy Aqy lokW qoN gurU AMs/vMs hox dy nW ’qy m`Qy itkvwauNdy rhy sn Aqy Bytw lYNdy rhy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cwlHHI mukqy

ieh Sbd cwlHI-cwlHI is`KW dy iqMn j`iQAW vwsqy vriqAw jWdw hY: 1. auh cwlHI is`K ijnHW ny 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI dy nwl rih ky jwnW vwrn dw pRx kIqw sI (ienHW nUM AnMdpur dy cwlHI mukqy ikhw jWdw hY) 2. auh cwlHI ijhVy 7-8 dsMbr 1705 dy idn cmkOr dI gVHI ivc ShId hoey sn (ienHW nUM cmkOr dy cwlHI mukqy ikhw jWdw hY) 3. mwJy dy auh cwlHI is`K jo 29 dsMbr 1705 dy idn iKdrwxy dI Fwb (hux mukqsr) dI lVweI ivc ShId hoey sn (ienHW nUM mukqsr dy cwlHI mukqy ikhw jWdw hY):

AnMdpur dy cwlHI mukqy ieh sn:

(a) pMj ipAwry: 1. dieAw isMG 2. mohkm isMG 3. swihb isMG 4. Drm isMG 5. ihMmq isMG

(A) pMj mukqy: 6. dyvw isMG 7. rwm isMG 8. tihl isMG 9. eISr isMG 10. &qih isMG.

(e) BweI mnI isMG dy pMj pu`qr: 11. bic`qr isMG 12. audY isMG 13. Ank isMG 14. Ajb isMG 15. Ajwieb isMG

(s) BweI mnI isMG dy do Brw: 16. dwn isMG 17. mwn isMG

(h) BweI Awilm isMG n`cxw pirvwr: 18. Awilm isMG n`cxw 19. vIr/bIr isMG (Brw) 20. Amolk isMG (pu`qr) 21. mohr isMG (pu`qr)

(k) GoiVAW dy ingrwn: 22. mdn isMG 23. kwTw isMG

(K) id`lI dy is`K: 24. jIvn isMG (jYqw) 25. nwƒ isMG idlvwlI

(g) kSmIr dy bRwhmx pirvwr: 26. mukMd isMG iC`br (pu`qr ShId mqI dws) 27. snmuK isMG d`q (ikrpw rwm dw Brw) 28. dieAw isMG puroihq (jwqI ml dw pu`qr qy ShId BweI isMGw dw poqrw)

(G) hor isdkI is`K: 29. ^zwn isMG 30. lwl isMG ipSOrIAw (^zwncI) 31. su`Kw isMG 32. DMnw isMG 33. kysrw isMG 34. hukm isMG 35. jvwhr isMG 36. kIrq isMG 37. Swm isMG 38. AnMd isMG 39. sMq isMG bMgySrI 40. sMgq isMG AroVw[

cmkOr ivc ShId hox vwly cwlHI mukqy ieh sn:

1. ihMMmq isMG
2. mohkm isMG
3. swihb isMG (iqMn ipAwry)
4. dyvw isMG
5. rwm isMG
6. tihl isMG
7. eISr isMG
8. &qih isMG (pMj mukqy)
9. Ank isMG
10. Ajb isMG
11. Ajwieb isMG (BweI mnI isMG dy iqMn pu`qr)[
12. dwn isMG (BweI mnI isMG dw Brw)[
13. Awlm isMG n`cxw[
14. vIr isMG (Awlm isMG n`cxw dw Brw)
15. mohr isMG qy aus dw Brw
16. Amolk isMG (Awlm isMG n`cxw dy do pu`qr)[
17. mdn isMG
18. kwTw isMG
19. nwhr isMG
20. Syr isMG
21. ikrpw isMG d`q qy aus dw Brw
22. snmuK isMG
23. nwƒ isMG idlvwlI
24. bKiSS isMG
25. gurbKSIS isMG
26. mukMd isMG
27. mukMd isMG (dUjw)
28. ^zwn isMG
29. lwl isMG
30. jvwhr isMG
31. kIrq isMG
32. Swm isMG
33. hukm isMG
34. kysrw isMG
35. DMnw isMG
36. su`Kw isMG
37. bu`Fw isMG
38. AnMd isMG
39. sMq isMG bMgySrI
40. sMgq isMG AroVw[

mukqsr dy cwlHI mukqy:
ienHW cwlHIAW dy nW nhIN imldy; isr& hyT ilKy nW iml sky hn: suMdr isMG bRwhmx, rwey isMG prmwr, mhW isMG qy sIql isMG (dovyN pu`qr rwey isMG qy BqIjy BweI mnI isMG), Grbwrw isMG, Bwg isMG, idlbwg isMG, inDwn isMG vVYc, sulqwn isMG vVYc, gMfw isMG, KuShwl isMG, bUV isMG bRwhmx vZYrw[

ieh nW B`t vhIAW Aqy aunHW vyilAW dy soimAW ivcoN l`Bdy hn[

kuJ lyKkW ny cmkOr dy cwlHI mukiqAW ivc kuJ hor nW id`qy hn[ ienHW ivc kvI sMqoK isMG, igAwnI igAwn isMG, sumyr isMG qy BweI kwnH isMG nwBw hn[ pr B`t vhIAW dy sbUqW ƒ swhmxy r`iKAW ienHW dIAW sUcIAW shI swibq nhIN huMdIAW[

(pUrI q&sIl vwsqy vyKo ienHW swry mukiqAW dIAW jIvnIAW ikqwb ‘mwqw gujrI, cwr swihzwdy cwlHI mukqy’ ivc).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

grjw isMG ShId

sMn 1739 ivc nwdr Swh ny ihMd ’qy hmlw kIqw[ aus ny bhuq l`ut-mwr vI kIqI Aqy lokW dw kqlyAwm vI kIqw[ jd auh l`ut dw mwl lY ky vwips muV irhw sI qW rsqy ivc kuJ is`K j`iQAW ny hmlw kr ky aus dy mwl dw kuJ ih`sw Koh ilAw[ nwdr Swh ny lwhOr dy sUbydwr zkrIAw ^wn nUM is`KW ’qy s^qI krn vwsqy slwh id`qI[ zkrIAw ^wn ny is`KW dw kqlyAwm krn dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw[ swry is`K Gr Gwt C`f ky ryigsqwn, jMglW qy phwVW vl inkl gey[ ienHW ivcoN kdy-kdy koeI-koeI is`K gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) m`Qw tykx Aw jwieAw krdw sI[

iek rwq do is`K, boqw isMG qy grjw isMG, drbwr swihb m`Qw tykx vwsqy gurU-dw-c`k nUM Awey[ rwq vyly hI auh vwps muV pey[ jd vwpsI vyly auh nUrdIn ipMf dy nyVy pu`jy sn qW phu-Putwlw ho igAw Aqy auh ruk gey Aqy JwVIAW qy dr^qW dy iek JuMf ivc luk ky bYT gey qW jo auh hnyrw pYNidAW hI Awpxw s&r dobwrw SurU kr skx[

iesy dOrwn do muswi&r au~QoN lMGy qy aunHW ny aunHW do is`KW ƒ vyiKAw[ aunHW ivcoN iek ny dUjy ƒ pu`iCAw ik “auh kOx hn”, qW aus ny jvwb id`qw ik “auh is`K hn[” ies ’qy pihly ny AwiKAw ik “auh is`K nhIN ho skdy, ikauNik zkrIAw ^wn ny swry is`K ^qm kr id`qy hn[”

aunHW dohW AjnbIAW dIAW g`lW sux ky boqw isMG qy grjw isMG roh ivc Aw gey[ aunHW ny is`K kOm dw vjUd kwiem rihx dw iezhwr krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ aunHW ny nyVy vgdI jrnYlI sVk ’qy, ipMf nUrdIn dy bwhr, fyF iklomItr dUr, nwkw lw ilAw Aqy au~QoN lMGx vwlI hr svwrI qoN tYks lYx l`g pey[ (audoN lwhOr nUM jwx vwlI jrnYlI sVk, Xwin jI.tI. rof iehI sI)[

do isMGW vloN lwey gey tYks ƒ hr koeI ibnW hIl-hu`jq dy Adw krn l`g ipAw[ jdoN kw&I dyr ieM\ cldw irhw qW aunHW ny soicAw ik aunHW dw inSwnw qW kOmI vjUd dw iezhwr krnw sI nw ik tYks vsUlxw[ ies ’qy boqw isMG ny iek ^q zkrIAw ^wn dy nW iliKAw qy ieh ^q iksy rwhgIr dy h`Q lwhOr Byj id`qw[ ies ^q dy Al&wz iek Swier ny ieM\ ilKy hn:

ic`TI ilKy isMG boqw[
h`Q hY sotw, ivc rwh KVoqw[
Awnw lwXw g`fy ƒ, pYsw lwXw Koqw[
AwKo BwbI Kwno ƒ, XON AwKy isMG boqw[

jdoN ieh ^q srkwry-drbwry pu`jw qW zkrIAw ^wn nUM bVw gu`sw AwieAw[ Zu`sy ivc lwl-pIly hoey zkrIAw ^wn ny 100 bMidAW dI iek &OjI tukVI jlwl dIn dI kmwn hyT nUrdIn dI srW (ij`Qy is`KW ny nwkw lwieAw hoieAw sI) v`l Byj id`qI[ ienHW ispwhIAW dI boqw isMG qy grjw isMG nwl h`Qo-h`Q lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc keI muZl ispwhI mwry gey qy dovyN isMG Awp vI ShId ho gey[ is`KW dy ies kwrnwmy ny zkrIAw ^wn nUM ihlw ky r`K id`qw qy aus dw ieh Brm ^qm ho igAw ik aus ny is`KW nUM ^qm kr id`qw hY.

boqw isMG grjw isMG bwry iek klwkwr dI bxweI qsvIr

 

boqw isMG grjw isMG dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw (bwbw dIp isMG kMplYks AMimRqsr ivc)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hweIjYkr (is`K)

hweIjYikMg dw ArQ hY: iksy vI cIz (^ws kr ky hvweI jhwz) nUM ZYr-kwnUMnI qrIky nwl kbzy ivc lYxw jW aus nUM AwpxI mrzI nwl clvwauxw jW ikqy lY jwxw[ ies dw ipCokV muswi&rW Aqy Amly nUM AwpxI kYd ivc lY ky, Aqy aunHW dw nukswn krn dI DmkI dy ky, AwpxIAW mMgW mnvwauxw huMdw hY[ ienHW mMgW ivc ivc Aksr iksy swQI (jW swQIAW) nUM Cufvwauxw jW iksy rkm dw muAwvzw lYxw vI Swiml huMdw hY[ sB qoN pihlI hweIYikMg 21 &rvrI 1931 dy idn pYrU mulk ivc hoeI sI[ pihlI isAwsI hweIjYikMg 26 sqMbr 1956 dy idn hoeI sI[ sB qoN vD ^qrnwk hweIjYikMg 11 sqMbr 2001 dIAW sn, jo dihSqgrdW ny AmrIkw ivc cwr jhwzW nwl inaUXwrk dy do tw`vrW, pYNtwgw`n Aqy vwiSMgtn nUM aufwaux vwsqy kIqIAW sn qy ienHW ivc 2996 lok mwry gwey sn qy 6000 dy krIb z^mI hoey sn[

is`K qvwrI^ dI pihlI hweIjYikMg 1981 ivc hoeI sI[29 sqµbr 1981 dy idn dl Kwlsw dy pµj vrkrW ny eyAr ieMfIAw dw jhwz Agvw kr ilAw Aqy aus ƒ lwhOr lY gey sn[ AgvwkwrW ny AYlwn kIqw sI ik auh jhwz dy muswi&rW ƒ AwpxIAW SrqW mµnvwaux mgroN hI C`fxgy[ ieh SrqW sn: iBµfrWvwilAW dI irhweI kIqI jwvy, Kwilsqwn dy ihmwieqIAW dI jylW ivcoN irhweI kIqI jwvy, AgvwkwrW ƒ pµj l`K fwlr id`qy jwx, 20 sqµbr dy idn cOk mihqw ivc pulIs Pwieirµg nwl mrn vwly is`KW dy vwrsW ƒ iek-iek l`K rupey dI AdwiegI kIqI jwvy[Agly idn pwiksqwnI kmWfoz dy AYkSn mgroN ienHW AgvwkwrW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[

(qsvIr: K`ibEN s`jy: krn isMG, qyijMdr isMG, jsbIr isMG, sqnwm isMG, gijMdr isMG)

ies mgroN Agsq 1982 ivc do vwr hweIjYikMg hoeIAW sn: 4 Agsq 1982 dy idn gurb^S isµG nW dy iek S^s ny iek BwrqI hvweI jhwz Agvw kr ky lwhOr iljwx dI koiSS kIqI pr lwhOr vwilAW v`loN iejwzq nw imlx ’qy aus ƒ AµimRqsr ilAwauxw ipAw[ (mgroN puils ny aus dI l`q ivc ipckwrI nwl zihr Br id`qw, ijs nwl aus dI l`q burI qrHW gl geI sI[ auh pUrI kYd k`tx mgroN irhw hoieAw pr aus dI iksy is`K jQybMdI ny swr nw leI)[

(qsvIr: gurb^S isµG hweIjYkr)

20 Agsq 1982 ƒ mnjIq isµG (aur& musIbq isµG) ny ipsqOl nwl iek jhwz Agvw kIqw qy ies dw hSr vI 4 Agsq dI hweIjYikMg vwlw hoieAw[ jdoN jhwz lwhOr auqrn dI jgh AµimRqsr vwips pu`jw qW jhwz dw gyt KulHidAW hI golIAW mwr ky pulIs ny mnjIq isµG ƒ mwr id`qw[ (ieh vI crcw sI ik pwielt ny mnjIq isµG dy isr ivc srIAw mwr ky aus nUM mwr id`qw sI; mgroN pwielt ƒ bcwaux leI pulIs kwrvweI pw id`qI sI)[

(qsvIr: mnjIq isµG hweIjYkr)

is`K qvwrI^ ivc cOQI hweIjYikMg julweI 1984 ivc hoeI sI jd 9 jixAW ny jMmU qoN jhwz hweIjYk kIqw sI qy pwiksqwn ivc jw ky Awpxy Awp nUM pulIs dy hvwly kr id`qw sI[ ies sn: primMdr isµG aur& hr&nmOlw, dlIp isµG, hrimMdr isMG, rivMdr isMG, gurdIp isMG prdysI, mnjIq isMG (sWFU jQydwr qlivMdr isMG knyfw), gurivµdr isMG, mlHwgr isMG, hrBjn isMG[

pwiksqwn ivc kYd ienHW (sqMbr 1981 dy 5 Aqy julweI 1984 dy 14) is`K hweIjYkrW dy muk`dmy dw PYslw lwhOr Adwlq ny 20 jnvrI 1986 ƒ suxwieAw qy 3 is`KW ƒ PWsI dw hukm idqw[ bwkI 11 ivcoN 7 ƒ aumr kYd qy cwr ƒ brI kIqw igAw sI[ &WsI dI szw primMdr isµG hr&nmOlw, dlIp isµG qy hrimMdr isMG ƒ suxweI geI sI[ aumr kYd vwly sn: pihly jhwz dy pµjy (gijµdr isµG, sqnwm isµG, krn isµG, jsbIr isµG, qyijµdrpwl isMG), dUjy jhwz coN do (gurdIp isMG prdysI, rivMdr isMG); 4 brI kIqy gey sn, cwry dUjy jhwz dy: (gurivµdr isMG, hrBjn isMG, mnjIq isMG, mlHwgr isMG)[ ies &Ysly qy jQydwr qlivMdr isMG (kYnyfw) ny ikhw ik &WsI dI szw Bwrq srkwr ƒ KuS krn vwsqy idqI geI hY[ mgroN ienHW iqMnW dI &WsI nUM aumr kYd ivc bdl id`qw igAw sI[ mukdmy coN brI kIiqAW cwrW is`KW ƒ ZYr kwƒnI dwKly dy kys ’c igR&qwr kr ky jylH ’c hI rK ilAw sI[ mgroN srh`d pwr kr ky Bwrq ivc dwi^l hox dI koiSS ivc mnjIq isMG qy mlHwgr isMG mwry gey sn[

is`K qvwrI^ dI pMjvIN hweIjYikMg Agsq 1984 ivc hoeI sI[ 24 Agsq 1984 idn cµfIgVH dy s`q nOjvwnW jhwz Agvw kr ky pihloN lwhOr, iPr krwcI qy iPr fubeI lY gey[ mgroN fubeI ivc ienHW nOjvwnW ny hiQAwr su`t id`qy qy jyl ivc jw pu`jy sn[ ieh sn: qijµdr isµG, suirµdr isµG, mwn isµG b`gw, Avqwr isµG, divµdr isµG, Amirµdr isµG qy kmljIq isMG sµDU[ (mgroN 19 AprYl 1993 dy idn Adwlq ny ienHW nUM aumr kYd dI szw suxweI)[

ienHW nOjvwnW ny Awpxw kYrIAr dwA ’qy lwieAw sI pr iksy jQybMdI ny ienHW ivcoN iksy dI (AmirMdr isMG nUM C`f ky, ijs nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr bxwieAw igAw) koeI swr nw leI ijs nwl ienHW ivcoN kuJ mwnisk rogI ho gey qy iek dI qW Br jvwnI ivc S`kI hwlqW ivc mOq vI ho geI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

husYn ^wn/ husYnI

husYn ^wn lwhOr dy nwieb sUbydwr (ifptI gvrnr) idlwvr ^wn dw Zulwm jrnYl sI[ aus nUM idlwvr ^wn ny kWgVy dy iklyHdwr bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ Agsq 1695 ivc idlwvr ^wn ny phwVI rwijAW ƒ sbk isKwaux vwsqy, phwVW vl kUc krn vwsqy, Awpxy pu`qr rusqm ^wn ƒ &Oj dy ky toirAw[ idlwvr ^wn ƒ pqw sI ik phwVI rwjy gurU goibMd isMG dI mdd nwl hI ij`q skdy hn[ ies kr ky aus ny Awpxy pu`qr ƒ pihlW AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy hdwieq kIqI[ 19 Agsq 1695 dy idn rusqm ^wn dI &Oj AnMdpur swihb dy nwly (coA) dy kMFy Aw l`gI[ brswqW kr ky aunHIN idnIN nwly ’c zbrdsq hVH AwieAw hoieAw sI[ auDr BweI Awlm isMG ‘n`cxw’ ny gurU swihb ƒ muZl &Oj dy Awaux dI ^br dy id`qI[ rxjIq ngwry ’qy cot lgidAW hI bhuq swrIAW is`K &OjW iek dm nwly dy dUjy bMny ’qy Aw ftIAW[ nwly ivc hVH Awey hox kwrn rusqm ^wn dI &Oj dy iksy vI jvwn dw hIAw nw ipAw ik auh nwlw pwr kr ky AnMdpur swihb ’c dwi^l ho sky[ dUjw, iklHw AnMdgVH ’c ngwry dI DONs Aqy jYkwirAW dI gUMj nUM sux ky vI muZlW ’c fr Aqy dihSq PYl geI[ rusqm ^wn dI &Oj hmlw krn qoN ibnW hI vwips muV geI[

jdoN rusqm ^wn AnMdpur swihb qoN ^wlI muiVAw qW lwhOr dy ifptI gvrnr idlwvr ^wn ny kWgVy dy iklyHdwr husYn ^wn ƒ &Oj dy ky phwVW v`l ByijAw[ husYn ^wn ny AnMdpur swihb v`l mUMh krn dI bjwie is`DI phwVI rwijAW ’qy cVHweI kr id`qI[ fFvwl qy kihlUr (iblwspur) dy rwijAW ny pihloN qW husYnI dw twkrw kIqw pr A^Ir hiQAwr su`t id`qy[ husYn ^wn ny aunHW ƒ ies Srq ’qy muAw& kr id`qw ik ayuh bwkI phwVI rwijAW ’qy hmlw krn vyly AwpxIAW &OjW sxy aus dI muihMm ’c Swiml hoxgy[ ies muihMm dOrwn muZl &OjW ny gulyr (ies nUM hrIpur irAwsq vI kihMdy sn; gulyr ndOx qoN qkrIbn 50 qy AnMdpur qoN qkrIbn 125 iklomItr dUr hY) irAwsq ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ gulyr dy rwjy gopwl ny smJOqw krn dI koiSS kIqI pr husYnI ny pUry dw pUrw mwmlw iek-dm lYx dI Srq r`K id`qI, ijhVI pUrI krnoN rwjw gopwl ny mjbUrI zwihr kIqI[ A^Ir rwjw gopwl ny gurU swihb dI mdd mMgI[ gurU swihb ny bicqr dws, sMgq rwie, hnUmMq rwie, lihnU, d`go vZYrw dI AgvweI ’c is`K &OjW ƒ rwjw gopwl dI mdd vwsqy ByijAw[ ies lVweI ivc is`K jrnYlW dy qIrW dI vwCV ny muZlW, Aqy aunHW qoN hwr ky ZulwmI kbUl krn vwly phwVI (fFvwlIey qy kihlUrIey) rjvwiVAW dIAW &OjW dy C`ky Cufw id`qy[ kWgVy dw iklyHdwr husYn ^wn qy aus dI keI phwVI swQI mwry gey[ is`KW iv`coN vI lihnU, BweI sMgq, hnUmMq, drso qy iqMn hor jxy ShId ho gey[

ies lVweI ivc Ajmyr cMd iblwspurIAw muZlW dw Zulwm bx ky liVAw sI[ ies kr ky hux auh aunHW dw p`kw h`Q-Tokw bx igAw qy aunHW dy kYNp ivc Swiml ho ky bwkI phwVI rwijAW dy nwl-nwl is`KW dw vI duSmx bx igAw[ ies mgroN iblwspur qy AnMdpur ivc sbMD iblkul ^qm ho gey qy Ajmyr cMd ny is`KW dy i^lw& swizSW GVnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

humwXUM bwdSwh

muZl ^wndwn dw dUjw bwdSwh, bwbr dw pu`qr (qy Akbr dw ipqw)[ humwXUM (6.3.1508-27.1.1556) dw jnm nsIr-aud-dIn muhMmd vjoN kwbl ivc hoieAw sI[ ipqw dI mOq ’qy auh 26 dsMbr 1530 dy idn Awgrw ivc q^q ’qy bYiTAw[ humwXUM bhuq isAwxw sI pr aus ivc &OjIAW vwlw koeI gux nhIN sI[ aus dIAW pMj bIvIAW qoN pMj pu`qr Aqy s`q DIAW sn[ auh A&Im Kwx dw AwdI sI[ 17 meI 1540 dy idn Syr ^wn (Syr Swh sUrI) ny aus nUM knOj dI lVweI ivc hrw ky Awgrw Aqy id`lI dy q^q ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ humwXUM hwr Kw ky ierwn v`l B`j igAw[ is`K irvwieq muqwibk B`jy jWdy hmwXUM ny goieMdvwl dy p`qx qoN dirAw pwr kIqw Aqy gurU AMgd swihb nUM imlx vwsqy nyVy dy ipMf KfUr ivc vI igAw[ jd gurU jI ny aus v`l ^ws iDAwn nw id`qw qW aus ny qlvwr nUM h`Q pw ilAw[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny ikhw ‘qyrI qlvwr audoN ik`Qy sI jd qUM mYdwny-jMg ivcoN B`ijAw sI? ies ’qy auuh SrimMdw ho igAw qy muAw&I mMgI[ pr ies khwxI dI qsdIk iksy qvwrI^I somy qoN nhIN huMdI[ sMn 1544 ivc auh prSIAw (ierwn) igAw Aqy auQoN dy Swh nUM imilAw qy ihMd dw kbzw vwips lYx vwsqy mdd mMgI[ keI swl mgroN Swh ny aus dI mdd krnw mMn ilAw[ A^Ir 22 &rvrI 1555 dy idn aus ny Syr Swh sUrI dy vwirsW qoN id`lI dw q^q vwips hwisl kr ilAw, pr ies dy ds mhIny mgroN hI id`lI ivc aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hukmW (rwxI)

pitAwlw dy rwjw Amr isMG (jnm 1748) dI mW Aqy rwjw swihb isMG dI dwdI, jo swihb isMG (jo is`Dy swdy suBwau dw sI) dy smyN irAwsq dw rwj pRbMD clwauNdI rhI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hukmw isMG icmnI

BweI hukmw isMG icmnI, pu`qr BweI rwm isMG, dw jnm Byrw (izlHw srgoDw, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ s. rwm isMG mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy dwdw cVHq isMG sukrc`kIAw dI &Oj dw sInIAr jrnYl sI[ aus dI mOq mgroN hukmw isMG ny aus dI QW hwisl kIqI[ jd mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny sukrc`kIAw imsl dI AgvweI sMBwlI qW aus ny aus dw pUrw swQ id`qw[ auh bhuq swrIAW muihMmW ivc Swiml hoieAw[ 1807 ivc ksUr muihMm, 1808 ivc kneIAw imsl dy ielwky (pTwnkot) ’qy kbzw, Awid muihMmW ivc aus ny bhuq v`fw rol Adw kIqw[ 1813 ivc hukmw isMG ny dIvwn muhkm cMd nwl rl ky kwbul dy vzIr &qh ^wn nUM hrwieAw[ iesy swl aus ny ipSwvr dy A&Zwn sUbydwr Xwr muhMmd ^wn v`loN Atk ’qy kbzw krn dI koiSS nUM nwkwm kIqw sI[ rxjIq isMG aus dI syvw qoN bhuq ^uS sI[ auh aus nUM ‘icmnI srdwr’ kih ky bulwieAw krdw sI (icmnI iek in`kw ijhw pr bhuq qyz pMCI huMdw hY)[ rxjIq isMG ny aus nM iqMn l`K rupY swlwnw dI jwgIr id`qI hoeI sI[ 1818 ivc aus nUM hzwrw Aqy Atk dw sUbydwr vI bxwieAw igAw sI[ pihlW auh rwmngr dw sUbydwr vI irhw sI[

iek kwlpink vwr muqwibk sMn 1812 ivc jd iblwspur dy rwjw mhW cMd (pVpoqrw BIm cMd kihlUrIAw) ny AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw kr ky surjn isMG soFI qoN mwmlw vsUl krnw cwihAw qW hukmw isMG ropV dy nyVy AwieAw hoieAw sI[ auh iek dm AnMdpur nUM cl ipAw Aqy mhW cMd dI &Oj dw bhuq nukswn kIqw[ ies khwxI muqwibk mhWcMd dy ispwhI bhuq swry bMdy mrvw ky vwips B`j gey qy muV ky auDr mUMh nw kIqw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hukm isMG (spIkr)

hukm isMG (30.8.1895-27.5.1983) dw jnm imMtgumrI (izlw swhIvwl, p`CmI pMjwb) ivc s. Swm isMG dy Gr hoieAw sI[ aus ny 1921 ivc vkwlq pws kr leI Aqy imMtgumrI ivc vkwlq krn lg ipAw[ jd SRomxI gurduAwrw prbMDk kmytI bxI qW auh ies dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ AkqUbr 1923 ivc jd SRomxI gurduAwrw prbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr kwnUMnI krwr id`qw igAw qW aus nUM vI kYd kr id`qw igAw[ auh 1926 ivc irhw hoieAw[ 1926 ivc jd gurduAwrw AYkt hyT SRomxI gurduAwrw prbMDk kmytI dIAW coxW hoeIAW qW vI auh mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI (auh 1941 qk SRomxI gurduAwrw prbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr irhw sI)[ 1928 ivc aus ny is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs dI pRDwngI kIqI[ iesy swl aus ny sweImn kimSn dy i^lw& muzwhry ivc ih`sw ilAw Aqy pulIs dIAW lwTIAW nwl z^mI vI hoieAw[ 1943 ivc auh imMtgumrI bwr AYsosIeySn dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf mgroN aus nUM kpUrQlw Aw igAw qy eyQy aus nUM kpUrQlw hweI kort dw j`j lw id`qw igAw[ 30 ApRYl 1948 dy idn auh Bwrq dw sMivDwn bxwaux vwlI kMstIcUAYNt AsYNblI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 1950 ivc auh SRomxI AkwlI dl dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ 1952 ivc auh pYpsU irAwsq dy kpUrQlw-biTMfw hlky qoN AkwlI dl dI itkt ’qy lok sBw dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 20 mwrc 1956 dy idn auh lok sBw dw ifptI spIkr cuixAw igAw[ 1957 ivc auh AkwlI dl qy kWgrs dyy sWJy aumIdvwr vjoN biTMfw qoN lok sBw dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 1960 ivc jd pMjwbI sUbw dy svwl ’qy jd AkwlI dl qy kWgrs ivc smJOqw tu`t igAw qW AkwlI dl ny Awpxy mYNbrW nUM kWgrs C`f ky AkwlI dl ivc prq Awaux vwsqy ikhw qW aus ny AkwlI dl ivc muV Awaux qoN nWh kr id`qI[ auh 1962 ivc auh kWgrs dI itkt ’qy pitAwlw qoN lok sBw dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ auh 17 ApRYl 1962 dy idn lok sBw dw spIkr cuixAw igAw[ pihlI AkqUbr 1965 dy idn jd pMjwbI sUbw vwsqy 22 mYNbrI pwrlImYNtrI kmytI bxweI geI qW aus nUM aus dw cyArmYn bxwieAw igAw[ iesy kmytI ny pMjwbI sUbw bxwaux dw mqw pws kIqw sI[ 5 dsMbr 1966 dy idn jd Pqh isMG ny cMfIgVH pMjwb nUM idvwaux vwsqy mrn vrq r`iKAw qW aus ny ivcolgI kr ky 27 dsMbr dy idn aus dw vrq ^qm krvwieAw sI[ 16 ApRYl 1967 dy idn aus nUM rwijsQwn dw gvrnr bxwieAw igAw (auh 1 julweI 1972 qk gvrnr irhw)[ 1973 ivc aus nUM isMG sBw SqwbdI kmytI dw pRDwn bxwieAw igAw[

hukm isMG ny bqOr A^bwrnvIs vI rol Adw kIqw sI[ aus ny Agsq 1951 ivc spoksmYn vIklI dy nW hyT AMgryzI irswlw SurU kIqw sI[ aus ny kuJ ikqwbW vI ilKIAW sn: d is`K kw`z, d prwblm Aw& d is`Kz, rSIAw AYz AweI sw iet, rSIAw tUfy Awid[ aus ny AwpxI izMdgI dw Aw^rI smW id`lI ivc ibqwieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hukm isMG bswaUkot/vjwaUkot

BweI hukm isMG (1902-4.2.1921), pu`qr BweI gMfw isMG dw jnm ipMf vjwaUkot/ bswaUkot ivc hoieAw sI[ (pUrbI pMjwb ivc vjwaUkot nW dw ipMf ivc koeI nhIN hY; hW p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw nwrovwl dI qihsIl S`krgVH ivc iek ipMf bswaUkot hY; pr hux auh ipMf rwvI dirAw dI mwr hyT Aw ky ^qm ho cukw hY)[

hukm isMG sYNtrl Kwlsw dIvwn mwJw dw mYNbr sI[ jd gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI sI qW aus ny ies ivc BrpUr ih`sw pwieAw sI[ auh gurduAwrw bwby dI byr (isAwlkot) ’qy kbzy ivc vI sMgqW dy nwl sI[ 26 jnvrI 1921 dy idn jd jQydwr qyjw isMG Bu`cr j`Qw lY ky Awey Aqy mhMqW ny hmlw kIqw qW auh burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ z^mW dI qwb nw Jldw hoieAw auh 4 PrvrI dy idn cVHweI kr igAw.

ies hmly dI q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: hzwrw isMG AlwdInpur.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hOpiknsn, ivlIAm

ivlIAm cwrls hOpiknsn (16.6.1880-21.10.1914), pu`qr ivlIAm hOpiknsn dw jnm id`lI ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw bwp AMgryzI &Oj ivc nOkrI krdw sI[ aus dI mW iek ihMdU AOrq sI, ijs ny Awpxw nW bdl ky AYgns r`K ilAw sI[ ihMdU mW dw pu`qr hox kr ky Aqy Bwrq ivc jMimAw qy piVHAw hox kr ky auh ihMdI zbwn dw vI mwihr sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh klk`qw ivc pulIs ivc BrqI ho igAw[ 1907-08 ivc auh GuMmx iPrn vwsqy kYnyfw AwieAw[ ie`QoN dI AMgryzI srkwr ny aus nUM iemIgrySn ieMspYktr dw Ahudw dy id`qw[ mgroN auh iemIgrySn kimSnr dw cI& AisstYNt bx igAw[ AmrIkw srkwr ny vI aus dw &wiedw auTwieAw[ kYnyfw ivc aus ny kuJ ihMdU qy is`K dlwl vI bxw ley jo aus nUM sUhW idAw krdy sn[ ies dOrwn hI 22 meI 1914 dy idn kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz vYnkUvr phuMicAw pr aus dy muswi&rW nUM kYnyfw ivc vVn nw id`qw igAw[ A^Ir jhwz nUM 23 julweI nUM vwips muVnw ipAw[ ies swry smyN dOrwn sUhW lYx ivc hwpiknsn dw v`fw rol irhw sI[

kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy jwx mgroN knyfw dy AMgryz hwkm is`KW nUM iksy nw iksy FMg nwl szw dyxw cwhuMdy sn[ aunHW nUM BweI Bwg isMG (iB`KI ivMf, izlHw qrnqwrn), BweI blvMq isMG (gRMQI), BweI bqn isMG (dlyl isMG vwlw, izlHw mwnsw), BweI suMdr isMG (bwVIAW) qy hrnwm isMG swhrI vDyry cuBdy sn[ ies hwlq ivc ivlIAm hwpiknsn ny bylw isMG ijAwx, bwbU isMG, hrnwm isMG (imlsweIf gurduAwry dw iek swbkw gRMQI jo bwbU isMG dy nwl ieko kmry ivc rihMdw sI), Arjn isMG qy iek do hor pMjwbI Awpxy eyjMt bxwey hoey sn[ 31 Agsq 1914 dy idn hrnwm isMG dI lwS imlI; iksy ny aus dw isr v`F ky lwS jMgl ivc su`t id`qI sI (crcw sI ik ieh AYkSn jgq isMG surisMG dw sI, pr ieh jgq isMG ‘lwhor swizS kys’ vwlw nhIN sI)[ ikauN ik puls nUM kwqlW dw pqw nw l`gw ies kr ky ZdwrW dy hOsly burI qrHW ifgy hoey sn[ ZdwrW dI bdiksmqI ik 3 sqMbr nUM, Apxy hI iek dosq, rwm isMG h`QoN ZlqI nwl golI cl jwx kwrn Arjn isMG vI mwirAw igAw[ hux bylw isMG is`K AwgUAW ’qy vwr krnw cwhuMdw sI[ 5 sqMbr idn aus dy sskwr mgroN is`K gurduAwry ivc bYTy sI qW bylw isMG ny Bwg ’qy golIAW clweIAW[ aus dy bcwA vwsqy bqn isMG A`gy AwieAw[ bylw isMG ny aus ’qy vI &wier kr id`qw[ auh dovyN Agly idn cVHweI kr gey[

BwvyN srkwr ny bylw isMG ’qy rsmI muk`dmw clwieAw pr ieh idKwvy dI kwrvweI sI[ bylw isMG dy h`k ivc mukwmI ihMdUAW bwbU, Twkr, syvw, Amr, n`Qw, gMgU rwm qy fw: rGU nwQ qoN ielwvw hwpiknsn s&weI dy gvwh vjoN pyS hoieAw[

ieh swrI skIm Aqy kwrvweI ivlIAm cwrls hwpiknsn dI sI[ ieh D`kw vyK ky BweI myvw isMG lopoky jr nw sikAw qy aus ny hwpiknsn nUM szw dyx dw &Yslw kIqw[ 21 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn jd ivlIAm hwpiknsn Adwlq ivc bylw isMG dy h`k ivc gvwhI dyx vwsqy pu`jw hoieAw sI qW myvw isMG ny aus nUM au~Qy hI golIAW mwr ky mwr id`qw[ myvw isMG ’qy muk`dmw clw ky aus nUM, isr& 8 idn dy AMdr hI, 30 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn, &WsI dI szw suxw id`qI geI, qy 11 jnvrI 1915 dy idn &WsI vI dy id`qI geI.

(ivlIAm hOpiknsn s`jy pwsy)

ShId myvw isMG lopoky

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

holkr, XSvMq rwE

XSvMq (jsvMq) rwE holkr (3.12.1776-27.10.1811), mrh`itAW dI qvwrI^ ivc iek Aihm QW rKdw hY[ XSvMq rwE ieMdOr dy rwjw kwSI rwE holkr (1767-1799) dw iek jrnYl sI, pr auh kwSI rwE dy Brw mlhwr rwE dw ihmwieqI sI[ sqMbr 1797 ivc dOlq rwE isMDIAw ny hmlw kr ky mlhwr rwE nUM mwr id`qw[ ies hwlq ivc XSvMq rwE au~QoN clw igAw Aqy aus ny nwgpur ivc rwGojI BONslw kol Srx lY leI, pr, mgroN rwGojI ny, isMDIAw dy kihx ’qy, &rvrI 1798 ivc XSvMq rwE nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ApRYl 1798 ivc BvwnI SMkr KqrI dI mdd nwl XSvMq rwE rwGojI BONslw dI kYd ivcoN B`j igAw[ aus ny jnvrI 1799 ivc mhySvr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ julweI 1801 ivc aus ny au~jYn (m`D pRdyS) nUM ij`q ilAw[ meI 1802 ivc aus ny mrh`tw pySvw bwlwjI rwE dy i^lw& muihMm SurU kIqI Aqy aus ’qy hmlw kr ky pUnw nUM Awpxy kbzy ivc kr ilAw[ 1803 ivc XSvMq rwE ny AMgryzW dy i^lw& muihMm SurU kIqI qy ihMdU rwijAW nUM swQ dyx vwsqy ^q ilKy, pr iksy ny vI aus dw swQ nw id`qw ikauNik swirAW ny AMgryzW nwl sMDIAW kIqIAW hoeIAW sn[ A^Ir aus ny iek`ilAW hI AMgryzW dy i^lw& lVn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ aus ny buMdylKMf ivc AMgryzW nUM hrwieAw Aqy muZl bwdSwh Swh Awlm dUjw (jo AMgryzW dI kYd ivc sI) nUM irhw krvwaux vwsqy id`lI v`l kUc kIqw[ 1804 ivc holkr Aqy AMgryzW ivckwr keI lVweIAW hoeIAW ijnHW ivc holkr ny zbrdsq ij`q hwisl kIqI[ 1804 ivc holkr ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nwl vI rwbqw kIqw[ rxjIq isMG ny pihlI Agsq 1804 nUM imlvrqx dyxw mMn vI ilAw[ hux XSvMq rwE id`lI dy nyVy puj igAw[ jnvrI 1805 ivc id`lI dy nyVy Brqpur ivc lgwqwr iqMn mhIny lVweI c`lI qy AMgryzW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw, pr ies dOrwn Brqpur dy jwt rwjy rxjIq isMh ny AMgryzW nwl sMDI kr leI ijs kr ky hoolkr nUM Brqpur ivcoN jwxw ipAw[

holkr id`lI qoN pMjwb v`l cl ipAw[ aus ny pihlW pitAwlw dy rwjy dw swQ mMigAw pr aus ny nWh kr id`qI[ ies mgroN aus ny jINd dy rwjw Bwg isMG Aqy kpUrQlw dy rwjy &qh isMG rwhIN is`KW nwl iml ky AMgryzW dy i^lw& muhwz bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ auh dsMbr 1805 ivc AMimRqsr phuMc igAw qy is`KW qoN mdd mMgI[ rxjIq isMG ny rsmI qOr ’qy ‘srbq Kwlsw’ dw iek`T bulwieAw qy is`K srdwrW nUM holkr dI bynqI ’qy ivcwr krn vwsqy ikhw[ auDr AMgryzW nUM vI ieh ^brW iml rhIAW sn[AMgryz jnrl lwrf lyk vI aus dy ip`Cy pMjwb vl cl ipAw sI[ auDr AMgryzW ny jINd dy rwjw Bwg isMG nUM (aus dy Bwxjy) rxjIq isMG kol Byj ky aus nUM holkr dI mdd krnoN rok id`qw[ A^Ir ies ‘srbq Kwlsw’ dy idKwvy dy rsmI iek`T mgroN 17 dsMbr 1805 dy idn mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny holkr dw swQ dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ hux holkr kol vI koeI cwrw nhIN sI[ pr, auDr AMgryz vI aus nwl smJOqw krnw cwhuMdy sn[ A^Ir Bwg isMG jINd qy &qh isMG kpUrQlw dI ivcolgI nwl 24 dsMbr 1805 dy idn ibAws dirAw dy nyVy rwjpur ipMf ivc AMgryzW Aqy holkr ivckwr smJOqw ho igAw (rxjIq isMG ny ^ud vI AMgryzW nwl pihlI jnvrI 1806 dy idn smJOqw kr ilAw)[ mrh`itAW, rwjpUqW, jwtW qy rxjIq isMG qoN imlvrqx nw imlx kr ky iek vwr qW aus dw idl tu`t igAw[

jy rwjpUq Aqy is`K rwjy aus dw swQ dyNdy qW AMgryzW dw rwj 1810 qoN pihlW hI ^qm ho cukw huMdw[ pr, aus ny hOslw nw C`ifAw Aqy Bwnpur (nyVy mMdsOr, m`D pRdyS) ivc rih ky aus ny 200 CotIAW qopW bxvweIAW sn Aqy iek l`K &Oj nwl kolkwqw ’qy hmlw kr ky AMgryzI hkUmq dw ^wqmw krn vwsqy dI iqAwrI krdw irhw[ pr auh isr& 35 swl dI aumr ivc cVHweI kr igAw[

XSvMq rwE holkr dI CqrI (Xwdgwr) Bwnpur:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hwfsn, kYptn (Aqy hwfsnz hOrisz)

(fblXU AYs Awr hwfsn) ivlIAm stI&n ryks hwfsn (19.3.1821 – 11.3.1858) dw jnm myiesmor (nyVy glOstrSwier) ieMglYNf ivc stY&orf dy iek pwdrI jwrj hOfsn dy Gr hoieAw sI[ kyNbirj ivc pVHweI krn mgroN auh brqwnIAw dI BwrqI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ auh GoVsvwrI, qlvwr clwaux Aqy nyzwbwzI ivc mwihr sI[ aus bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik auh GoVy dI kwTI ’qy hI AwpxI nINd pUrI kr ilAw krdw sI[ aus ny sBrwEN dI lVweI (10 &rvrI 1846) ivc ih`sw ilAw sI ijs ivc auh z^mI vI hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN aus nUM &Rst XUrpIn bMgwl ivc qbdIl kr id`qw igAw sI[ dsMbr 1846 ivc aus nuM ‘gweIf kwrps’ dw AwrgynweIzr bxwieAw igAw[ ies mgroN aus dI ifaUtI AMimRqsr ivc lweI geI, ij`QoN auh ifaUtI dy islisly ivc kSmIr qy iqbq nUM vI jWdw rihMdw sI[ 1852 ivc aus nUM ‘gweIf kwrps’ dw kmWfYNt bxw id`qw igAw[ aus nUM ihMdUsqwnI Aqy &wrsI zubwnW ivc vI mhwrq hwisl sI[ 1855 ivc aus ny XUs&zeI pTwn kwdr ^wn qy aus dy pu`qr nUM Zlq qrIky nwl igR&qwr kIqw qW lwrf flhOzI ny aus nUM isvl ifaUtI qoN htw ky rjMmt ivc Byj id`qw sI[ aus ’qy imltrI ^zwny ivcoN hyrw PyrI krn dw doS vI l`gw sI[ pr, 1857 dy Zdr ivc aus ny krnwl qy myrT ivc ZdrIAW dy i^lw& eynw kmwl dw rol Adw kIqw ik aus nUM 2000 GoVsvwrW dI nvI rjmMt BrqI krn dw h`k dy id`qw igAw (mgroN ies dw nW ‘hwfsnz hOrisz’ jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI)[ ies ivc kuJ is`K vI A&sr vjoN BrqI kIqy gey sn.

(kYptn hwfsn kuJ AMgryz qy is`K A&sr)

aus dw iek v`fw AYkSn muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh nUM igR&qwr krnw sI[ pr, ies AYkSn dOrwn iqMn SwhzwidAW (bhwdr Swh dy do puqrW imrzw muZl, imrzw i^jr Aqy iek poqy imrzw AbU bkr) dy kql ’qy aus dI mu^wl&q vI hoeI sI[ bhwdr Swh qoN aus ny do qlvwrW, ijnHW ivcoN iek ’qy nwidr Swh qy dUjI ’qy jhWgIr dy nW aukry hoey sn, kbzy ivc leIAW sn (jo mgroN aus dI ivDvw ny rwxI ivktorIAw nuM pyS kIqIAW sn, jo A`j vI SwhI ^zwny ivc mOjUd hn)[

(kYptn hwfsn v`loN bhwdr Swh dI igR&qwrI)

hwfsn dI mOq lKnaU ivc byZm dy mhl ’qy hmly dOrwn golI lgx nwl hoeI sI (aus nUM lKnaU ivc hI d&nw idqw igAw sI)[ jd aus dI mOq hoeI qW aus dy Gr ivc eynI rkm vI nhIN sI ik aus dI ivDvw pqnI lMfn nUM muV skdI; ies kr ky aus nUM brqwnvI srkwr qoN grWt mMgxI peI sI[ lMfn ivc rwxI ivktorIAw ny aus nUM hYNptn kort ivc rihx vwsqy jgHw dy id`qI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hIrw (aujYn)

BweI hIrw aujYn (m`D pRdyS) dw rihx vwlw iek swidk is`K sI[ auh Aqy aus dw Brw DIrw gurU hrgoibMd swihb dI &Oj ivc Swiml sn[ 13 ApRYl 1634 dy idn jd lwhOr dy sUbydwr dIAW ByjIAW &OjW ny gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) ’qy hmlw kIqw qW ieh dovyN Brw bhuq bhwdrI nwl lVy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hIrw isMh fogrw

hIrw isMh (1816-21.12.1844), pu`qr iDAwn isMh fogrw, dw jnm rwmgVH (jMmU qoN qkrIbn 25 iklomItr dUr) ivc hoieAw sI[ iDAwn isMh, cwplUsI Aqy hor hrby vrq ky, Aqy Awpxy Awp nUM mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw sB qoN vD „v&wdwr‟ idKw ky aus dw pUrw &wiedw auTwauNdw sI[ hYrwnI dI g`l qW ieh hY ik iDAwn isMh nUM aus ny „rwjw klW‟ (v`fw rwjw) dw drjw qW id`qw hoieAw sI; aus ny qW ies dy pu`qr hIrw isMh nUM 12 swl dI aumr ivc „rwjw‟ dw drjw dy id`qw sI, Aqy nwl hI Awpxw „&rzMdy-^ws‟ (^ws pu`qr) vI AYlwinAw hoieAw sI[ aus ny nW ‟qy ikMnIAW hI jwgIrW lweIAW hoeIAW sn, ijnHW dI kImq audoN pMj l`K rupY swlwnw sI[

15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAW ny mhwrwjw Syr isMG ƒ golI mwr ky mwr idqw qy aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ dUjy pwsy lihxw isMG sMDwvwlIAW ny roNdy-kurlWdy 12 swl dy b`cy pRqwb isMG (puqr mhwrwjw Syr isMG) ƒ vI kql kr id`qw[ kuJ mgroN dovyN sMDwvwlIey iDAwn isMh kol hzUrI bwg gey qy glbwq krn dy bhwny aus ƒ iklyH ivc iljw ky kql kr id`qw[ hux aunHW ny Awpxy swQIAW ƒ iklyH dI kmWf sONp id`qI Aqy drv wzy bMd krvw id`qy[ sMDwvwlIey iDAwn isMh dy pu`qr hIrw isMh qy Brw sucyq isMh fogrw ƒ vI kql krnw cwhMudy sn pr auh dovyN ienHW dy h`Q nw lgy[ auDr jd hIrw isMh ƒ Awpxy bwp dy kql dI ^br imlI qW auh rox-kurlwaux lg ipAw[ aus dy vzIr pMfq jlHw ny aus ƒ slwh idqI ik auh &Oj ƒ Awpxy nwl rlw ley[ ies ‟qy hIrw isMh &Oj lY ky lwhOr ƒ cl ipAw[ aus ny bu`DU dy Awvy kol jw fyry lw ley[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny iek dm &OjIAW dIAW qn^whW vDw ky aunHW ƒ Awpxy ihmwieqI bxw ilAw[ hIrw isMh ny sMDwvwlIAW ƒ AMgryzW dy eyjMt AwK ky &Oj ƒ BVkw vI idqw[ ies &Oj ny lwhOr iklHy ‟qy hmlw kr idqw[ fyF idn dI lVweI mgroN iklHw ijiqAw igAw[ ies lVweI ivc iek hzwr dy krIb bMdy dohW pwisAW qoN mwry gey[ lihxw isMG ƒ ies lVweI ivc golI lgI qy auh QweyN hI mwirAw igAw[ AjIq isMG ny sMgl nwl iklyH dI kMD qoN auqrn dI koiSS kIqI[ iksy ispwhI ny aus nUM pCwx ilAw qy PV ky aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ AjIq isMG dy nwl hI lihxw isMG dw isr vI v`F ky iklHy dy drvwzy ‟qy ltkw idqw igAw[ ienW dy swQIAW gurmuK isMG igAwnI (pu`qr sMq isMG igAwnI), bylI rwm qoSwKwnIAw qy rwm ikSn ƒ vI PV ky bydrdI nwl kql kr id`qw igAw[ aunHW dIAW lwSW vI gMdgI ivc su`t ky zmIn ivc dbw idqIAW geIAW[

ies ^UnI dirAw ƒ vhwaux dy dOrwn 5 swl dy nwbwlg kMvr dlIp isMG ƒ 18 sqMbr 1843 dy idn g`dI ‟qy ibTw id`qw igAw sI[ hIrw isMh fogrw aus dw vzIry-Awzm (pRweIm minstr) bx igAw sI[ hux hIrw isMh kol swrI qwkq Aw geI qy ies nwl aus ivc v`fI hYNkV vI Aw geI[ hux auh swrI qwkq Awpxy kol rKxI cwhuMdw sI Aqy iksy ƒ vI ies ivcoN ih`sw nhIN dyxw cwhMudw sI[

BwvyN dlIp isMG „mhwrwjw‟ sI qy rwxI ijMdW aus dI gwrfIAn sI pr Asl qwkq hIrw isMh fogrw Aqy aus dy vzIr pMfq jlHw kol sI[ ies vyly hIrw isMh dw qwieAw gulwb isMh jMmU dw rwjw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy do hor puqr ipSOrw isMG qy kSmIrw isMG ies vyly isAwlkot ivc sn[ gulwb isMh ienHW ƒ vI Kqm krnw cwhuMdw sI[ dohW SihzwidAW dw iek Aihlkwr mihqwb isMG, gulwb isMh fogry nwl imilAw hoieAw sI[ jdoN aunHW ƒ ieh rwz pqw lgw qW aunHW ny aus ƒ mrvw idqw[ ies ‟qy gulwb isMh g`usy ho igAw[ iesy kr ky auh ienHW ƒ koeI frwmw rc ky ^qm krnw cwhuMdw sI[ AprYl 1844 dy SurU ivc jrnYl gulwb isMG kwhloN mnhwlIAw (fogrw nhIN) ny aunHW ƒ isAwlkot ‟coN inklx ivc mdd kIqI[ kSmIrw isMG au~QoN inkl ky nOrMgwbwd ivc bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ‟qy phMuc igAw[ auDr Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw vI kurUkSyqr qoN muV AwieAw sI qy auh vI bwbw bIr isMG dI Srn ivc Aw cukw sI[

jdoN hIrw isMh fogrw ƒ Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIey Aqy kMvr kSmIrw isMG dy nOrMgwbwd ivc hox dw pqw lgw qW aus ny &Oj ƒ aus pwsy kUc krn dw hukm dy idqw[ pihlW aus ny bwbw bIr isMG ƒ pYZwm ByijAw ik auh Aqr isMG ƒ aus dy hvwly kr dyvy[ ies ‟qy bwbw bIr isMG ny jvwb ByijAw ik jo S^s gurU Gr ivc pnwh mMg ley aus ƒ Srx idqI jWdI hY qy iksy duSmx dy hvwly nhIN kIqw jWdw[ hux hIrw isMh ny fogrw XuUintW Aqy AwpxIAW dUjIAW v&wdwr XUintW ƒ bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ‟qy golwbwrI krn vwsqy ikhw[ hIrw isMh dw hukm sI ik iksy ƒ igR&qwr nhIN krnw qy bs kql krI jwxw hY[ ies hukm hyT lwB isMh fogrw dI &Oj ny AwauNidAW hI goly clwey[ ienHW ivcoN iek golw bwbw bIr isMG dI l`q ‟qy l`gw qy auh burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ jdoN jrnYl gulwb isMG ƒ bwby dy z^mI hox dw pqw lgw qW auh bwbw jI ƒ imlx AwieAw[ aus ny hwl-cwl pu`Cx mgroN bwby ƒ ikhw ik auh Aqr isMG ƒ aunHW dy hvwly kr dyx[ ies vyly Aqr isMG Awp vI au~Qy Aw igAw[ gulwb isMG aus vyly AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIey dy GoVy ‟qy svwr sI[ Awpxy mwry jw cuky BqIjy dw GoVw vyK ky aus nUM roh Aw igAw[ aus ny AwpxI donwlI bMduUk coN iek golI jnrl gulwb isMG ‟qy clweI, ijs nwl auh mwirAw igAw[ ies ‟qy gulwb isMG dy &OjIAW ny bMdUkW clw ky Aqr isMG ƒ mwr idqw qy aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ ies mgroN aunHW ny golIAW mwr ky kMvr kSmIrw isMG, mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw dIvwn ivswKw isMG Aqy sYNkVy (Swied hzwrW) hor is`K mwr idqy[ ies dy nwl hI hIrw isMh dI &Oj ny swrw fyrw vI lut ilAw[ ies kqlyAwm ivcoN kuJ lok bc ky inkl gey Aqy dirAw vl dOVy[ dirAw dy dUjy pwsy kpUrQlw dI &Oj ny golwbwrI kr ky ienHW ivcoN bhuqy is`K mwr id`qy[ ies mgroN hIrw isMh dI &Oj Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw dw isr lY ky hIrw isMh kol lwhOr pu`jI qy eInwm hwisl kIqy[ ieh kqlyAwm 6 meI 1844 dy idn hoieAw sI[

jd bIr isMG, kMvr kSmIrw isMG qy sYNkVy/hzwrW is`KW dy kql dI ^br is`K &OjIAW qk phMucI qW aunHW ivc hIrw isMh dy i^lw& bhuq gu`sw &YilAw[ jd ies dI sUh hIrw isMh ƒ imlI qW aus ny bhuq swry is`K jrnYl htw idqy Aqy v`fI igxqI ivc is`K &OjIAW dI vI Cu`tI kr idqI[ pMfq jlHy dI slwh ‟qy aus ny bhuq swry fogry, ihmWclI phwVIey Aqy muslmwn &Oj ivc BrqI kr ley[ aus ƒ fr sI ik Blk ƒ mslw au~Tx ‟qy is`K &OjI aus ƒ mwr vI skdy hn[ hzwrW ZYr-is`KW nUM &Oj ivc BrqI krn dy bwvjUd vI hIrw isMh is`KW qoN burI qrHW frdw rihMdw sI[

13 dsMbr 1844 dy idn poh mhIny dI sMgrWd sI[ bRwhmxW ny rwxI ijMdW ƒ Brmw ky dwn-pMun krvwaux vwsqy ikhw[ rwxI ny bRwhmxW dy nwl-nwl inhMgW, PkIrW Aqy ZrIb-gurby ƒ lMgr pwxI CkwieAw Aqy QoVHI-QoVHI rkm vI id`qI[ ies swry dw Krc qkrIbn pMj hzwr rupY AwieAw[ rwxI ny hIrw isMh ƒ Drm-ArQ Kwqy ivcNo ieh rkm dyx vwsqy AwiKAw[ aus vyly ies mihkmy dw cwrj pMfq jlHw kol sI[ aus ny AwK ByijAw ik dwn isr& bRwhmxW ƒ iml skdw hY, inhMgW jW PkIrW ƒ nhIN[ jlHy ny isr& do sO rupY rwxI ƒ Byjy[ rwxI ny ieh rkm vwips moV idqI Aqy is`K jrnYlW qy hor mohqbr is`KW dw iek`T bulw ilAw[ rwxI ny h`Q joV ky ienHW ƒ mu^wiqb hMuidAw AwiKAw: “Kwlsw jI ieh pwqSwhI quhwfI hY[ qusIN hI swnUM b^SI hY[ dlIp isMG bwlk hY[ ieh phwVIey rwjy Aqy jlHw idloN swƒ mwr dyxw cwhMudy hn[ ieh swfw ikhw vI nhIN mMndy[ swfw-quhwfw ieSt Kwlsw jI hY[ aus dI syvw pUjw nhIN krn dyNdy[ eyQy swfy irhwieSI kmirAW ivc vI zorI vV AwauNdy hn qy D`kw krdy hn[ jW qusIN swƒ mwr idE jW ienHW dI kYd coN k`Fo[” ieh sux ky is`K jzbwqI ho gey qy roh ivc Aw gey qy aunHW ny rwxI dI mdd krn dw vwAdw kIqw[ Agly pMj-Cy idn keI is`K rwxI ƒ imlx AwauNdy qy mdd krn dw vwAdw krdy rhy[ aunHW ivcoN keI qW rwxI dI r`iKAw vwsqy aus ‟qy pihrw vI dyx lg pey[

hIrw isMh fogry ƒ rwxI ijMdW dy iek`TW dw pqw lgw qW auh Gbrw igAw[ hux aus ƒ jwpx lg ipAw ik koeI nw koeI is`K &OjI aus ƒ zrUr kql kr dyvygw[ ies kr ky aus ny jMmU nUM B`j jwx dw &Yslw kIqw[ aus ny Awpxw Aqy lwhOr drbwr dy hIry-jvwhrwq qy hor swrw Kzwnw iek`Tw kIqw Aqy s`q hwQIAW ‟qy l`d ilAw[ 21 dsMbr 1844 ƒ auh swrI cwr hzwr fogrw &Oj nwl lwhOr qoN jMmU vl cl ipAw[ CyqI hI ies dI ^br is`K jrnYlW ƒ iml geI[ bhuq swrI is`K &Oj GoiVAW ‟qy svwr ho ky ienHW dy ip`Cy cl peI[ rsqy ivc is`KW Aqy fogirAW ivc ^Ub lVweI hoeI[ is`K &OjW ny fogirAW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ bhuq swry fogry mwry gey[ lwhOr qoN 35-40 iklomItr dUr qk lVweI huMdI geI[ ie`Qy iek ipMf lubwixAW dw sI[ is`K &Oj nyVy pu`jI vyK ky, hIrw isMh, pMfq j`lHw, sohx isMh (puqr gulwb isMh fogrw) qy lwB isMh fogrw ie`Qy luk gey[ pr kuJ icr mgroN, jd aunHW ƒ bhuq ipAws lgI qW auh iek KUh vl Awey[ is`K &OjIAW dI ingwh aunHW vl peI qW aunHW ny ienHW qy bMdUkW nwl golIAW clwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ ienHW nwl hwQI qy bYTw sohx isMh mwirAw igAw[ lwB isMh fogry ƒ vI golI lgI[ auh GoVw Bjw ky jMmU vl clw igAw[ is`K &OjW ny aus dw ip`Cw kIqw qy 7-8 iklomItr dUr jw ky aus ƒ Gyr ky mwr idqw[ ies dy nwl hI is`K POjIAW ny hIrw isMh ‟qy vI hmlw kIqw[ aus ny A`goN twkrw kIqw pr iek is`K dy nyzy nwl auh vI mwirAw igAw[ pMfq jlHw qW qlvwr dy iek vwr nwl hI mwirAw igAw[ ienHW swirAW dy mrn mgroN &OjW drbwr dw swrw ^zwnw qy hor swrw mwl-m`qw lY ky lwhOr muV AweIAW[ hux fogry ZdwrW ivcoN isr& gulwb isMh hI ip`Cy rih igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hIrw isMG rwgI

BweI hIrw isMG rwgI (1879-2.9.1926), pu`qr BweI Bwg isMG, dw jnm PwrUkw (izlHw Swhpur, p`CmI pMjwb) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw ipqw Awpxy smyN dw mShUr rwgI sI[ hIrw isMG vI ipqw dy j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw[ pihlW auh inrMkwrI drbwr rwvlipMfI ivc Aqy kUikAW dy fyry BYxI ivc vI kIrqn krdw irhw sI[ ies mgroN auh BweI Aqr isMG msqUAwxw dy fyry ’qy clw igAw[ 1897 ivc auh AMimRqsr Aw igAw Aqy Kwlsw trYkt soswietI ivc nOkrI SurU kr leI[ ies qoN ielwvw auh v`K-v`K jgh kIrqn krn dI syvw vI kirAw krdw sI[ 1902 ivc auh cI& Kwlsw dIvwn nwl juV igAw Aqy is`KI prcwr ivc bhuq rol Adw kIqw[ 1903 qoN 1926 qk auh hr swl nwnkwxw swihb jw ky gurU nwnk swihb dy purb ’qy kIrqn krdw irhw sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik iek vwr auh gvwlIAr ivc kIrqn kr irhw sI Aqy mdInw dw hwjI msqwn mskIn vI auQy hwzr sI[ aus dy kIrqn qoN auh eynw pRBwivq hoieAw ik auh BweI hIrw isMG dy nwl hI AMimRqsr Aw igAw Aqy aus ny 31 dsMbr 1925 dy idn drbwr swihb jw ky iek byS-kImqI cOr Byt kIqw sI (ieh cOr aus ny 350 iklo cMdn dI lkVI ivcoN iek l`K pMqwlI hzwr ryiSAW qoN iqAwr kIqw sI; aus ny ies vrgy isr& do cOr bxwey sn qy aus ny dUjw cOr mdInw ivc Byt kIqw sI)[ jd 20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn mhMq nrYxU ny fyF sO qoN vD is`KW nUM kql kr id`qw qW Agly idn hIrw isMG ny Aw ky gurU gRMQ swihb dy kmry ijhVw ^Un nwl lQpQ sI qoN ^Un sw& kIqw Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb dy srUp (ijs ivc golIAW v`jIAW hoeIAW sn) nUM bwhr ilAWdw Aqy Bry hoey gly nwl vwk ilAw (qip qip luih luih hwQ mrorau…gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 794)[ 1924 ivc BweI hIrw isMG nUM kYNsr ny Gyr ilAw qy do swl dI bImwrI mgroN 1926 ivc fyhrwdUn ivc aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hIrw isMG prmwr

BweI hrI isMG Awpxy ipqw BweI jyTw isMG nwl 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ hrI isMG jyTw isMG dw bytw, mweI dws dw poqw Aqy BweI b`lU dw pVpoqw sI[hrI isMG ny AwpxI izMdgI dw bhuq smW Awpxy ipMf AlIpur (izlHw muz`&rgVH) ivc ibqwieAw sI[ bhwdr Swh v`loN is`KW dw kqlyAwm dy hukm dI qwmIl vjoN aus ƒ vI igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ aus nUM Drm bdlx vwsqy lwlc Aqy qsIhy id`qy gey Aqy nWh krn ’qy A^Ir 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn lwhOr dy nyVy ipMf Awlovwl ivc ijaUNdy zmIn ivc g`f ky ShId kr id`qw igAw[ ies Gtnw dI hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: hrI isMG B`t.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hIrw isMG n`keI

1716 ivc bMdw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN bhuq swry is`K jQy muZlW dy i^lw& jUJ rhy sn[ ienHW ivc n`kw ielwky (sqluj qy rwvI dy ivckwrlw ielwkw) dy ipMf bihVvwl dy hIrw isMG sMDU (pu`qr cODrI hym rwj) dw j`Qw vI sI[ hIrw isMG (jnm 1706) ny 1731 ivc KMfy dI pwhul leI sI qy audoN qoN hI is`K j`dojihd dw ih`sw sI[ hOlI-hOlI ienHW jiQAW dI igxqI 65 qk phuMc geI[ 29 mwrc 1748 dy idn hoey srb`q Kwlsw dy iek`T ny swry 65 jiQAW ƒ 11 imslW ivc vMfx dw gurmqw kIqw[ hr iek imsl dI kmwn iek jQydwr ƒ sONpI geI[ hIrw isMG dw jQw n`keI imsl dw ih`sw bixAw[ ies dw muKI hIrw isMG nUM hI bxwieAw igAw sI[hIrw isMG ksUr (AprYl 1763) Aqy srhMd (jnvrI 1764) au~qy kIqy hmly ivc Swiml sI[ ies mgroN aus ny bihVvwl, dIpwlpur, cUnIAW, Ku`fIAW, jyTwpur, &rIdwbwd, SyrgVH vgYrw ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ lwhOr dy Awly-duAwly Aqy sqluj qy rwvI ivckwr bhuq swrw ielwkw aus dI irAwsq sI[ aus kol 3 hzwr GoVsvwr sn[1767 ivc pwkptn dy nyVy hoeI iek lVweI ivc ies dI mOq ho geI[ aus vyly aus dw pu`qr dl isMG Ajy bhuq Cotw sI ies kr ky aus dw BqIjw nr/nwhr isMG (pu`qr n`Qw isMG) ies imsl dw muKI bixAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hIrw isMG nwBw

mhwrwjw hIrw isMG (18.12.1843-24.12.1911), pu`qr s. su`Kw isMG, dw jnm ipMf bfru`KW (izlHw sMgrUr) ivc hoieAw sI[ 1871 ivc nwBw dw rwjw Bgvwn isMG (1842-1871) qpidk nwl mr igAw[ aus dI koeI AOlwd nhIN sI[ ies irAwsq dI AMgryzW nwl sMDI hox kr ky aunHW ny pitAwlw qy nwBw dy ^wndwnW dy kursInwimAW dw lyKw kr ky hIrw isMG nUM nvW rwjw bxw id`qw[ auh 9 jUn 1871 dy idn q^q ’qy bYiTAw[ aus ny 40 swl rwj kIqw[ aus dI v&wdwrI qoN ^uS ho ky AMgryzW ny aus nUM pihlW &rzMdy ArjumMd, mlvyNdr bhwdr, (1879 ivc) sr, (1903 ivc) rwjw-ie-rwjgW, (1911 ivc) brwV-bMs-srmOr Aqy jI.sI.AYs.AweI. vrgy i^qwb id`qy Aqy ipRMs Aw& vylz golf mYfl qy AYNprYs Aw& ieMfIAw mYfl Aqy keI hor AYvwrf vI id`qy[ rwjw hIrw isMG dIAW cwr pqnIAW ivcoN isr& jsmIr kOr qoN iek pu`qr irpdumn isMG (1883-1942) Aqy iek DI irpdumn dyvI (1881-1911) pYdw hoey sI[ aus ny AwpxI DI dw ivAwh iek CotI jhI irAwsq DOlpur dy ihMdU jwt rwjy rwm isMh (1883-1911), jo aus qoN do swl Cotw sI, nwl kIqw sI (jo 30 swl dI aumr ivc hI ibnw iksy AOlwd dy mr igAw sI)[ rwjw hIrw isMG iek dwnI vjoN mShUr sI[ aus ny mYks AwrQr mYkwil& nUM ‘is`K irlIjn’ ikqwb ilKx Aqy Cwpx vwsqy mwlI mdd id`qI sI[ aus ny Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr vwsqy vI KulH idlI nwl rkm ^rcI sI[ ies dw pu`qr kMvr irpdumn isMG vwiesrwie dI ieMpIrIAl kONsl dw mYNbr sI[ aus ny 1908 ivc ies kONsl ivc AnMd mYirj ib`l pyS kr ky is`K ivAwh nUM kwnUMnI drjw idvwaux dI koiSS SurU kIqI sI.

.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hIrw isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

BweI hIrw isMG (?-6.2.1929), pu`qr BweI mwhnw isMG, dw jnm ipMf crVH (izlHw lwhOr, p`CmI pMjwb) ivc hoieAw sI[ jd auh jvwn hoieAw qW auh cIn clw igAw ij`Qy aus ny bhuq imhnq kr ky bhuq pYsw kmwieAw[ 1914 ivc Zdr pwrtI kwiem ho cukI sI[ auh ies pwrtI ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[dsMbr 1914 ivc auh hWgkWg ivc sI[ ie`Qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw Aqy mulk ivcoN inkl jwx dw hukm dy id`qw igAw[ auh auQoN vIAqnwm qy iPr QweIlYNf clw igAw qy A^Ir pMjwb muV igAw[ pMjwb jw ky aus ny pwrtI dIAW keI kwrvweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw[ jUn 1915 ivc aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr swizS kys (splImYNtrI) ivc Swiml kr ilAw igAw[ j`j ny aus nUM &WsI dI szw suxweI, ijhVI ik mgroN aumr kYd ivc bdl id`qI geI[ aus ny Agly 13 swl v`K-v`K jylHW ivc ibqwey[ 1929 dy SurU ivc ivc aus nUM mdrws (hux cYnyeI) jylH ivc qbdIl kr id`qw igAw[ auQoN dI mwVI hwlwq kr ky auh bImwr pY igAw qy aus nUM ngr ivc blrwm isvl hspqwl ivc dwi^l krvw id`qw igAw, pr auh bc nw sikAw Aqy 6 &rvrI 1929 dy idn cVHweI kr igAw[

aus dw izkr BweI rxDIr isMG dI ikqwb ‘jylH ic`TIAW’ ivc vI AwieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hIrw isMG drd

igAwnI hIrw isMG drd (30.9.1989- 22.6.1965), pu`qr BweI hrI isMG dw jnm ipMf Ggrot (izlHw rwvlipMfI, p`CmI pMjwb) ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh prvwr ip`CoN puxC (kSmIr) dw rihx vwlw sI, pr mgroN hIrw isMG drd dy pVdwdw BweI bIr isMG pWDw (jo iek AiDAwpk sI) qy dwdw sMq isMG poTohwr dy ielwky ivc cly gey sn[ skUl dI pVHweI kr ky auh rwvlipMfI imaUNspl kmytI ivc cuMgI muh`rr dI nokrI ‟qy lg igAw[ kuJ smW bwAd aus nUM isMG sBw skUl (c`k nMbr 73, izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) ivc AiDAwpk dI nOkrI iml geI[ ies dOrwn aus ny ivdvwnI qy igAwnI dy iemiqhwn pws kr ley sn[ 1912 ivc aus nUM Kwlsw syvk A^bwr ivc sb AYfItr bxw id`qw igAw[ ies dOrwn aus ny kivqwvW dIAW do ikqwbW (aupkwrW dI vMngI Aqy is`K b`icE jwgo) CwpIAW[ jnvrI 1914 ivc jd brqwnvI srkwr ny gurduAwrw rkwb gMj dI kMD FwhI qW aus ny ies sbMDI iek pYN&ilt vI iliKAw[ 21 meI 1920 dy idn jd rozwnw AkwlI A^bwr SurU hoieAw qW ies nUM aus dw AYfItr QwipAw igAw[ ies dy pihly s&y ‟qy aus dI ilKI kivqw “A`KW KolHo iF`lV vIro Aw igAw Pyr AkwlI jy” CpI sI, jo bhuq mShUr hoeI sI[ AkwlI A^bwr ivc srkwr dy i^lw& mzmUn ilKx ‟qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw Aqy aus nUM iqMn swl vwsqy kYd kr id`qw igAw[ irhw hox mgroN aus ny mwisk prcw „PulvwVI‟ SurU kIqw ijs ny pMjwbI swihq Aqy pMjwb dI qvwrI^ dI vfmu`lI syvw kIqI (PulvwVI 1930 ivc kuJ smW bMd rihx mgroN 1942 qk Cpdw irhw sI)[ aus prcy dIAW &weIlW qvwrI^ dw byS-kImqI ^zwnw hn[ 1942 ivc „Bwrq C`fo‟ lihr dOrwn aus nUM muV igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ 1947 qoN mgroN auh jlMDr rihx lg ipAw ij`Qy aus ny igAwnI kwlj SurU kIqw[ auh kyNdrI ilKwrI sBw dw moFI sI[ igAwnI hIrw isMG drd is`K lIg, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI Aqy AkwlI dl dy moFI mYNbrW ivcoN iek sI[ mgroN auh kWgrs pwrtI dy izAwdw nyVy Aw igAw Aqy ies dI pMjwb qy Bwrq dI vrikMg kmytI dw mYNbr vI irhw[ pihloN auh mwstr qwrw isMG dw Bgq irhw pr kWgrs ivc Awaux mgroN aus dw k`tV ivroDI vI bx igAw sI[ 1947 qoN mgroN auh kimaUinst lihr nwl juV igAw[ 1960 ivc aus ny pMjwbI sUbw dI mMg dI purzor ihmwieq kIqI[ igAwnI hIrw isMG drd dIAW muK ikqwbW ieh hn: (kivqw): aupkwrW dI vMngI, is`K bi`cE jwg, drd sunyhy, hor Agyry, coxvyN drd sunyhy; (vwrqk): ibRj BUmI qy mlwieAw dI Xwqrw, nvIn Bwrq dy rwjsI AwgU, pMjwbI swihq dw ieiqhws, Aws dI qMd qy hor khwxIAW ; (ieiqhwsk ilKqW): pMjwbI sUby dI sm`isAw, pMQ Drm qy rwjnIqI, myrIAW kuJ ieiqhwsk XwdW Awid[ hIrw isMG drd dI iek hor kmwl dI syvw sI „krm isMG ihstorIAn dI ieiqhwsk Koj‟ nUM ikqwbI rUp ivc Cwpxw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hIrw kMboj

BweI hIrw kMboj gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN dw iek swidk is`K sI[ auh sunwm ngr ivc kMboAW dy muh`ly ivc AwpxI pqnI dysW Aqy byty SIhW nwl rihMdw sI[ jUn 1693 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI Dmqwn qoN AnMdpur jWdy smyN kuJ smW ies kol Tihry sn[ ies prvwr ny gurU jI dI bVy ipAwr nwl syvw kIqI sI[ sunwm ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY, pr gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY.
(hor vyKo: sunwm).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hIrw bwFI

BweI hIrw bwFI colw (izlHw qrnqwrn) dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ ‘gurU kIAW swKIAW’ dI swKI 22 muqwibk, dsMbr 1664 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kuJ idn ies dy Gr ivc Tihry sn[ gurU jI Kymkrn ivc BweI rGupq rwie in`Jr kMboj dy Gr qoN Awey sn qy A`gy aunHW ny jMgl dys ivc frolI BweI nUM jwx vwsqy zIrw, mogw Awid v`l jwxw sI[

ies ipMf ivc BweI AdlI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ BweI AdlI gurU Amr dws jI qoN gurU hrgoibMd jI qk gurU drbwr ivc hwzrI dyNdw iehw sI[ aus ny goieMdvwl dI bwaulI bxwaux ivc bhuq mdd kIqI sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik hIrw bwFI aus dw puqr hovygw ikauN ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb aus dy Gr keI idn Tihry sn auh XkInn gurU swihb dw bhuq swidk is`K hovygw[(colw ipMf qrnqwrn qoN 26 qy nOSihrw pMnUAW qoN 14 iklomItr dUr hY).

gurduAwrw BweI AdlI, ipMf colw swihb

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ihMmq isMG, ipAwrw

BweI ihMmq isMG, sIs Byt kOqk vwly idn, Awpxw sIs Byt krn vwly pMj is`KW ivcoN pMjvW sI[ aus ny 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn cmkOr dI lVweI ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ BweI ihMmq isMG (19.1.1661-7.12.1705) BweI gulzwrI, jo iek iJaUr prvwr ivcoN sn, dy Gr 1661 ivc, (jgn nwQ) purI ivc pYdw hoieAw sI[ aus dy pVdwdy qy hor v`fy-v`fy vfyry gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly qoN (1510-11 qoN) hI is`K pMQ nwl juVy hoey sn[ ieh pirvwr ipCly qkrIbn do sO swl qoN krqwrpur, goieMdvwl, gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr), kIrqpur Aqy c`k nwnkI ivc AwauNdw rihMdw sI[ ihMmq isMG pihlI vwr 17 swl dI aumr ivc c`k nwnkI AwieAw sI qy aus mgroN auh gurU Gr dw ih`sw hI bx igAw sI[ auh Aksr gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg irhw krdw sI ies kr ky aus dw gurU swihb nwl hmySw, bVw ipAwr bixAw irhw[

jdoN gurU jI ny pwauNtw swihb vswieAw qW ihMmq isMG vI gurU swihb dy nwl clw igAw sI[ aus ny BMgwxI dI lVweI (18 sqMbr 1688) ivc bhwdrI dy ^Ub jOhr idKwey sn[ ies mgroN auh gurU swihb dy nwl hI c`k nwnkI Aw igAw sI[ jdoN gurU jI ny ‘sIs Byt kOqk’ kIqw qW aus ny vI Awpxw sIs gurU dI Byt kr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN vI auh gurU jI dy nwl hI irhw sI[

ihMmq isMG iek bhwdr jrnYl sI[ qy bVw jwndwr S^s sI[ qlvwr bwzI Aqy GoV svwrI ivc auh bVw mwihr sI[ aus ny ndOx, AnMdpur swihb Aqy inrmohgVH dIAW lVweIAW ivc vI ih`sw ilAw sI[ jdoN dsMbr 1705 ivc gurU swihb ny AnMdpur C`fxw mMn ilAw qW gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg rih ky jwnW vwrn dw pRx krn vwly AnMdpur swihb dy cwlI mukiqAW ivc auh vI Swiml sI[ aus ny gurU jI dy nwl hI srsw pwr kIqI Aqy kotlw inhMg qoN huMdy hoey 7 dsMbr dI svyr ƒ cmkOr ivc pu`j igAw sI[ cmkOr ivc ausy dupihr muZl &OjW ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ ies mOky ’qy 50 ku is`KW ny v`fI igxqI ivc Gyrw pweI bYTy ispwhIAW nwl A-sWvI lVweI lVI[ QoVHI igxqI hox kr ky is`KW ƒ gurIlw lVweI vwlw pYNqVw Apnwauxw ipAw[ is`K iek-iek, do-do kr ky hmlwvrW nwl jUJdy rhy Aqy keI-keI &OjIAW dw Gwx kr ky Awp vI ShIdI jwm hwisl krdy rhy[ aus idn 7 dsMbr dI rwq qk pMjW ivcoN iqMn ipAwry, do swihbzwdy qy 38 is`K ShId ho cu`ky sn qy gVHI ivc isr& 7 is`K hI bcy sn[ ienHW ShId hox vwl is`KW ivc ihMmq isMG vI sI[ihMmq isMG ny AwpxI aumr dy 31 swl gurU goibMd isMG jI dI syvw ivc guzwry sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ihMmq isMG rwTOr

BweI ihMmq isMG ny 13 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShIdI pweI sI [ ihMmq isMG BweI jIq (AjIq) isMG dw pu`qr, BweI rwmw dw poqw Aqy ShId BweI suKIAw dw pVpoqw sI[ auh rwTOr-rwjpUq ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ aus dw pirvwr keI puSqW qoN is`K pMQ dI syvw kr irhw sI[ aus dw dwdw suKIAw mWfn mihrwj dI lVweI ivc, 16 dsMbr 1634 dy idn ShId hoieAw sI[ suKIAw dw ipqw BweI mWfn vI ruhIlw dI lVweI ivc, 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn bVI bhwdrI nwl liVAw sI Aqy ies lVweI ivc auh z^mI vI hoieAw sI[

ihMmq isMG dy cwcy BweI bjr isMG ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb ƒ SsqrW dI isKlweI id`qI sI[ihMmq isMG, aus dy Brw syvw isMG qy mnI isMG inSwncI vI gurU swihb dI &Oj dy bhwdr ispwhIAW ivc Swiml sn[ aus dw ipqw jIqw (AjIq) isMG vI gurU swihb dI &Oj dw ih`sw sI[

jIqw (AjIq) isMG dy 10 byty sn[ ihMmq isMG sB qoN v`fw sI[ihMmq isMG qoN Coty sn: pRsMn isMG, AnUp isMG, mohr isMG, kyhr isMG, syvw isMG, mwn isMG, rUp isMG, kwlw isMG qy kilAwx isMG[ i(enHW ivcoN pRsMn isMG, AnUp isMG qy kyhr isMG 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc ShId kr id`qy gey sn)[ ies qoN ielwvw mohr isMG, syvw isMG qy mwn isMG vI v`K-v`K mOikAW ’qy ShId hoey sn[

4 AkqUbr 1700 ƒ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI iblwspur dy rwjy dI ie`zq r`Kx vwsqy AnMdpur C`f ky inrmohgVH cly gey qW Aihswn &rwmoS Ajmyr cMd ny 8 AkqUbr dy idn gurU jI ’qy inrmohgVH ivc vI hmlw kr id`qw[ ies lVweI ivc hwrn mgroN Ajmyr cMd ny Awpxw vzIr srhMd Byj ky auQoN dy &Ojdwr ƒ gurU jI ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy aukswieAw [ 13 AkqUbr dy idn srhMd dy &Ojdwr ny rusqm ^wn qy nwhr ^wn dI AgvweI ivc inrmohgVH ’qy hmlw krvw id`qw[ ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry hmlwvr ispwhI mwry gey[ ies mOky ’qy ihMmq isMG vI ShId ho igAw[ aus dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ AwieAw hY:“ihMmq isMG bytw jIqy kw, poqw rwmy kw audwnw, mohr isMG bytw DUmy kw, poqw kwnHy kw….qUmr ibMjlauNq, swl sqrW sY sqvMjw, kiqk pRivSty bwrW, rivvwr ky idhuM, inrmohgVH ky mlHwn prgnw kihlUr, swmHy mwQy jUJ kr mry[” (B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgnw jINd, Kwqw audwinauN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ihMmq isMG, pitAwlw

ieh srdUl isMG dw pu`qr Aqy bwbw Awlw isMG dw poqw sI[ Awlw isMG dI mOq mgroN Amr isMG pitAwly dI g`dI ’qy bYiTAw[

Awlw isMG dI mOq vyly Amr isMG dw Brw ihmMq isMG hifAwieAw ivc sI[ aus ny Amr isMG nUM rwjw kbUl nw kIqw Aqy pitAwlw Sihr dy bhuq swry ih`sy Aqy Awly-duAwly dy keI ipMfW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ Amr isMG ny nwBw, jINd Aqy kYQl dy rwijAW dI mdd nwl ies qoN kbzw vwips hwisl kIqw[ mgroN ihMmq isMG ny hifAwieAw Aw ky FofIAW dy iklHy (BvwnIgVH) ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ hux Amr isMG ny aus nUM sunyhw Byj ky AwpxI irAwsq dw A`Dw ielwkw aus nUM dyx dI pySkS kIqI, pr ihMmq isMG ny ies nUM mnzUr nw kIqw[ ies hwlq ivc Amr isMG qy ihMmq isMG dI ccyrI BYx bIbI rwijMdr kOr ny BvwnIgVH ivc Bu`K hVqwl SurU kr id`qI jo s`q idn clI, pr ihMmq isMG iPr vI nw mMinAw[ ies mgroN Amr isMG ny BvwnIgVH v`l kUc kr id`qw qy ies nUM Gyrw pw ilAw[ A^Ir aunHW dI dwdI mweI P`qo ny ihMmq isMG nUM Jukx ’qy mjbUr kr id`qw[ Amr isMG ny ihMmq isMG nUM BvwnIgVH Aqy ies dy duAwly dy ipMf jwgIr vjoN dy id`qy[ieh Gtnw ApRYl 1767 dI hY[ ies dI moq 1774 ivc hoeI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ihMmq isMG j`lyvwlIAw

ihmq isMG, pu`qr cODrI gulwb rwey bYNs dw jnm mwihlpur (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ ies prvwr dw ipCokV j`lyvwl (izlHw pitAwlw) dw sI[ aus ny jnvrI 1764 ivc srhMd dy hmly ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ mgroN auh nwBw irAwsq dw A&sr bx igAw[ 1809 ivc jd PUlkIAW irAwsqW ny Bwrq ivclI brqwnvI hkUmq qoN ih&wzq mMgI qw ieh vkIl bx ky id`lI igAw sI[ 1812 ivc ieh lwhOr drbwr (rxjIq isMG) dy drbwr ivc vzIr bx igAw[ aus dy BrwvW ny vI rxjIq isMG dI nOkrI kIqI[ aus dIAW syvwvW qoN ^uS ho ky rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM Alwvlpr (jlMDr) dw ielwkw jwgIr vjoN dy id`qw sI[ aus dw pu`qr Albyl isMG vI rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc kmWfr sI (auh iek lVweI ivc 1825 ivc ijhlm dy kMFy mwirAw igAw sI)[ ihMmq isMG dI mOq 1829 ivc hoeI sI[ aus ny mrn qoN kuJ smW pihlW drbwr swihb ny nyVy iek bwZ lgvwieAw sI ijs nUM aus dy nW ’qy jilHAWvwlw bwZ kihMdy sn (ies bwZ ny 1919 Aqy 1920 ivc pMjwb dI qvwrI^ ivc bhuq Aihm rol Adw kIqw sI)[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny Awpxy rihx vwlw j`ilAW dw buMgw bxwieAw hoieAw sI.
hor vyKo: jilHAW vwlw bwZ.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hymU/ hymU soienI

BweI hymU gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ BweI gurdws aus dw nW isr& hymU ilKdy hn, pr ‘is`KW dI Bgqmwlw’ ivc sUrq isMG (ijs ny ies nUM BweI mnI isMG dI ilKq bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI) hymU dw nW hymU soienI ilKdw hY[ BweI gurdws ienHW nUM Swhdrw (lwhOr dy nwl dI jgh) dy rihx vwly dsdw hY: rwmw JMJI AwKIAY, hymU soeI jo gurmiq pweI[ j`tU BMfwrI Blw, swhdrY sMgq suKdweI[ (vwr 11,pauVI 24)[ sUrq isMG dI khwxI muqwibk iek vwr hymU, j`tU qy rwmw nUM lY ky guruU jI kol igAw qy kihx l`gw ik AsIN bwkwiedw sMgq ivc jWdy hW Aqy kQw qy kIrqn nUM suxdy hW, pr swnUM kuJ vI Xwd nhIN rihMdw, iPr swfI mukqI ikvyN hovygI[ khwxI muqwibk gurU jI ny jvwb id`qw ik swnUM bwxI Aqy ivcwrW sux ky aus muqwibk jIvn jIxw cwhIdw hY; ies qrHW ienswn jIvn mrn dy c`kr dy fr ivcoN mukqI hwisl kr skdw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hymU

hymU (mOq 5.11.1556) iek bwxIAw jrnYl sI[ auh sUr ^wndwn dy Awidl Swh sUrI dw pRweIm minstr sI[ hymU iek bhuq qgVw jrnYl sI Aqy aus ny Awidl Swh vwsqy muZlW dy i^lw& 22 lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ hymU dy ipCokV dw pqw nhIN lgdw; pr eynw zrUr pqw imldw hY ik aus ny Awpxw bcpx irvwVI qy Aihrvwl (hirAwxw) ivc ibqwieAw sI.

Syr Swh sUrI dI mOq (1545) vyly auh id`lI dw iek vpwrI sI[ mgroN ieslwm Swh ny aus nUM sUhIAw mihkmy dw muKI bxw id`qw[ kuJ icr mgroN aus nUM swbkw muZl bwdSwh hmwXUM dy Brw kwmrwn dI ingrwnI vwsqy qweInwq kIqw[ ieslwm Swh dI mOq (30.10.1553) mgroN aus dw isqwrw cmikAw qy nvyN bwdSwh Awidl Swh ny aus nUM Awpxw pRweIm minstr bxw ilAw[ 23 julweI 1555 dy idn jd hmwXUM dIAW &OjW ny Awidl Swh dy swly iskMdr Swh sUrI nUM hrwieAw qW hymU bMgwl ivc sI[ 26 jnvrI 1555 dy idn hmwXUM mr igAw[ ies mgroN hymU id`lI vl cl ipAw Aqy aus ny muZlW nUM hrw ky Awgrw Aqy id`lI ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ aus ny 7 AkqUbr 1556 dy idn Akbr dI &Oj nUM id`lI dI lVweI hrw ky, ‘ivkrmwid`q’ dy i^qwb nwl, id`lI dy q^q ’qy bYTx dw AYlwn vI kIqw sI[ pr Agly mhIny hI pwnIpq dI lVweI ivc auh Akbr dy jrnYl bYrm ^wn dy h`QoN mwirAw igAw (ies mgroN ApRYl 1557 ivc Awidl Swh sUrI vI bMgwl dy sulqwn iKjr ^wn sUrI dy h`QoN mwirAw igAw sI qy ies mgroN id`lI dw q^q muZlW dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw sI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hymw kpwhIAw

sulqwnpur vwsI BweI hymw gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik auh kpwh dw vpwrI sI ies kr ky aus dy nW nwl kpwhIAw iliKAw imldw hY[ BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus dw izkr kIqw hY: “hymw ivic kpwhIAw, goieMdu GyeI gur insqwrw” (vwr 11, pauVI 21).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hymw

goieMdvwl qoN qkrIbn A`T iklomItr dUr iek ipMf ^wnpur CwprI (izlHw qrnqwrn ivc) hY, ij`Qy gurU AMgd swihb qy gurU Arjn swihb dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw CwpVI swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ srUp dws B`lw ilKq mihmw pRkwS dI khwxI muqwibk gurU AMgd swihb jd KfUr swihb ivc sn qW iek vwr Aijhw smW vI AwieAw ik kw&I smW au~Qy mINh nw ipAw[ aus vyly KfUr ivc (Aj dy AKOqI swDW, sMqW, bwibAW, mhWpurKW, bRhm-igAwnIAW vrgw) iek pwKMfI qpw vI rihMdw sI[ gurU jI dy au~Qy Awaux mgroN aus dI T`gI clxI bMd ho geI sI qy lok aus nUM mUMh nhIN sn lwauNdy[ aus ny mINh nw pYx dy ies kudrqI hukm nUM gurU jI dy i^lw& vrqx dI nIAq nwl lokW ivc ieh prcwr krnw SurU kr idqw ik jd qk gurU jI aus ipMf ivc mOjUd hn mINh nhIN pvygw[ ieh prcwr sux ky kuJ lok gurU jI kol Awey[ gurU jI ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik swnUM vwihgurU dy Bwxy ivc rihxw cwhIdw hY[ lokW ny kuJ dyr hor aufIikAw qy A^Ir auh Pyr qpy kol cly gey[ qpy ny aunHW nUM gurU jI dy i^lw& hor BVkwieAw[ qpy dI swizS nUM qwVidAW gurU swihb kuJ icr vwsqy KfUr C`f ky ipMf Kwn rjwdw cly gey (iek irvwieq muqwibk Awp ipMf quV gey sn qy sMgqW Awp nUM au~QoN ipMf ^wnpur (mgroN ^wnpur CwpVI lY geIAW sn)[ gurU jI dy jwx mgroN lokW ny qpy nUM mINh vswaux vwsqy X`g krn vwsqy ikhw[ qpy ny X`g dw pKMf kIqw pr X`gW/hvnW dy pwKMf nwl nw kdy kudrqI hukm bdly hn qy nw bdlxgy[ qpy ny kuJ icr lokW nUM byvkU& bxweI riKAw pr jd lokW nUM iehsws hoieAw ik auh qW dMBI pRcwr dw iSkwr ho gey sn qW aunHW ny aus qpy nUM l`qW bwhvW qoN PV ky GsItxw SurU kr idqw qy GsIt-GsIt ky swry ipMf dw c`kr lwieAw ijs nwl qpw mr igAw[ r`b dI krnI, ies dy kuJ icr mgroN mINh pY igAw[ mgroN iksy is`K -duSmx ny ieh JUTI khwxI gurU Amr dws swihb nwl joV idqI ik aunHW dy AwKx ’qy lokW ny qpy nUM Kyq-Kyq GsIitAw sI[ iesy khwxI muqwibk ies mgroN KfUr dy lok gurU AMgd swihb nUM Kwnpur qoN vwips KfUr lY Awey sn[

ies ipMf nwl juVI dUjI Gtnw muqwibk iek vwr gurU Arjn swihb ies ielwky ivcoN lMG rhy sn qW Acwxk bhuq zbrdsq hnyrI qy mINh SurU ho igAw[ au~Qy isr& hymw nW dy iek ZrIb bMdy dI CwpVI (C`pV vwlI Ju`gI) sI; aus ny gurU jI nUM aus CwpVI hyT ibTw id`qw qW jo mINh dy rukx qk gurU jI auQy Awrwm kr skx[ BweI hymw dI ies g`l nwl ^wnpur dw nW ‘^wnpur CwpVI’ bx igAw[ ies khwxI ivc mgroN ieh vI Swiml kIqw igAw sI ik mINh ivc rihx kr ky BweI hymw nUM bu^wr cVH igAw qy aus dI mOq ho geI[ aus dw sskwr gurU jI Awpxy h`QIN kIqw sI[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU hrgoibMd swihb vI frolI BweI (mwlvw) jWdy hoey Aqy iek hor mOky ’qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI ies jgh kuJ smW ruky sn[ eyQy iek purwnw A`T gu`TW vwlw KUh vI hY.

(gurduAwrw ^wnpur CwpVI swihb):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hym isMG Xwdv

BweI hym isMG 30 jnvrI 1704 dy idn AnMdpur swihb ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ hym isMG BweI l`KI rwey Xwdv dw bytw, BweI goDU dw poqw qy BweI Twkr dw pVpoqw sI[ audoN ieh pirvwr ipMf rwieswnw (ij`Qy ies vkq gurduAwrw rkwb gMj hY) ivc irhw krdw sI[ l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy A`T pu`qr Aqy iek bytI sI[hym isMG ienHW ivcoN dUjy QW ’qy sI[l`KI rwey dI bytI bIbI sIqo (AMimRq Ckx mgroN bsMq kOr) dw ivAwh BweI mnI isMG nwl hoieAw sI [ ieM\ hym isMG BweI mnI isMG dw s`kw swlw sI[ l`KI rwey vxjwrw auhI sI ijs ny 12 nvMbr 1675 dy idn cWdnI cOk qoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw DV ilAWdw sI[ lKI rwey dy nwl aus dy iqMny v`fy pu`qr BweI ngwhIAw (pwhul lYx mgroN ngwhIAw isMG), ieh BweI hymw (pwhul lYx mgroN hymw isMG) qy BweI hwVI (pwhul lYx mgroN hwVw isMG) vI sn[ ies sbMDI “B`t vhI jdobMsIAW” ivc iek ieMdrwj ieM\ imldw hY: lKIAw bytw goDU kw, ngwhIAw, hymw, hwVI, byty lKIey ky, jwdobMsIey, bVHqIey knwauNq, nwiek DUMmw bytw kwnHy kw qUMmr ibMjlauNq, gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mhl nwvW, kI lwS auTwey lwey, swl sqrW sY b`qIs, mMghr sudI CT, gurUvwr ky idhuM[ dwZ dIAw rsInw gwm myN AwD GrI rYn rhI[ (B`t vhI jdobMsIAW kI, Kwqw bVHqIey knwauNqoN kw).

ies mgroN vI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dw pirvwr gurU Gr dI syvw krdw irhw sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU kIqI qW l`KI rwey dy swry pu`qrW ny pwhul leI Aqy isMG s`j gey; hymw hym isMG bx gey[ hym isMG dw gurU goibMd isMG jI Aqy Awxy Bxv`eIey BweI mnI isMG nwl bVw fUMGw ipAwr sI; ies kr ky auh bhuq smW AnMdpur’c ibqwieAw krdw sI[ jnvrI 1704 auh AnMdpur ivc sI[ aunHI idnIN iblwspur Aqy hMfUr (hux nwlwgVH) dy rwjy is`KW nwl bVI Kwr KWdy sn[ hwlWik ienHW dohW irAwsqW dy purwxy rwijAW ƒ gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny 1619 ivc gvwlIAr iklHy dy kYd ivcoN irhw krvwieAw sI, pr iPr vI aunHW dy ieh vwirs iehswn-&rwmoSW vWg hrkqW krdy rihMdy sn[ hwlWik Agsq 1700 qoN AkqUbr 1700 qk ienHW ny bhuq vwr AnMdpur ’qy hmly kIqy sn, pr AkqUbr 1700 dy A^Ir ivc (iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd dI dwdI dy jIjy) bswlI dy rwjw slwhI cMd ny TMf vrqw id`qI sI pr aus dI mOq (25 AkqUbr 1702) mgroN Ajmyr cMd Pyr iv`tr igAw sI Aqy is`KW nwl Pyr pM|y lYx l`g ipAw sI[ ies kr ky is`KW Aqy phwVIAW ivc Pyr JVpW hox l`g peIAW sn[

is`KW Aqy phwVIAW ivckwr c`l rhI ieh kSmkS A^Ir audoN iek lVweI ivc bdl geI jdoN m`Gr sudI 5, sMmq 1760 (30 jnvrI 1704), AYqvwr dy idn iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny hMfUrI rwjy nUM nwl rlw ky AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ieh lVweI s`q-A`T GMty (FweI pihr) cldI rhI sI[ ies lVweI dOrwn bhuq swry phwVI ispwhI mwry gey[ A^Ir hnyrw pYNidAW hI phwVI &OjW vwips muV geIAW[ ies lVweI ivc BweI hym isMG Aqy kuJ hor isMGW ny ShIdIAW pweIAW[ ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj “B`t vhI jdobMsIAw, isrsmW, prgnw ipplI” ivc imldw hY[

hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: l`KI rwey vxjwrw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hzwrI isMG

BweI hzwrI isMG, BweI BMfwrI isMG qy BweI drbwrI isMG sIrMd (hux srhMd) dy iqMn bwxIey Brw sn[ auh is`KI ivc kd Swiml hoey ies dw ikqy izkr nhIN imldw[ eynw zrUr pqw lgdw hY ik auh Aksr AnMdpur swihb AwauNdy rihMdy sn[ jd gurU goibMd isMG jI ny AnMdpur swihb ivc pMj isr mMgy sI qW auh iqMny Brw au~Qy hI sn[ ies kOqk nUM “sIs Byt kOqk” ikhw igAw sI[ ies dw mksd ieh sI ik (1) is`K dw isr sdw vwsqy „Drm‟ dy lyKy (s`c, iensw&, ienswnIAq vwsqy) hwzr hY; Aqy ijhVw „KMfy dI pwhul‟ leygw aus dw isr „pMj ipAwirAW‟ vW| s`c vwsqy kurbwn hox vwsqy sdw hwzr hovygw[ (2) is`K dw rUp (kys qy dsqwr vwlw) inAwrw rhygw qy (3) is`K Awpxy &sl&y ivc prp`k rhygw (&ls&y dw mwAnw hY: rihqW kurihqW, Xwin smwijk rihxI bihxI, Aqy gurbwxI, Xwin rUhwnI rihxI bihxI, dovyN hn)[

sIs Byt krn vwly pMj ipAwirAW nUM gurU jI ny „KMfy dI pwhul‟ id`qI[ pwhul dyx dI rsm pUrI hox mgroN gurU swihb ny BweI dieAw isMG, muhkm isMG, swihb isMG, Drm isMG, ihMmq isMG (pMj ipAwirAW) nUM KMfy dI pwhul iqAwr krn Aqy pMj mukiqAW: dyvw rwm, rwm cMd, tihl dws, eISr dws, qy &qih cMd ƒ pwhul dyx vwsqy ikhw qy aunHW nUM „isMG‟ nW bKSy[ ienHW dsW mgroN pMj ipAwirAW ny BweI mnI isMG, aunHW dy Cy spu`qr (BweI icqr isMG, bicqr isMG, BweI audY isMG, BweI Aink isMG, BweI Ajb isMG qy BweI Ajwieb isMG), BweI cOpw isMG, BweI Drm isMG (dIvwn), BweI Awlm isMG „n`cxw‟ qy BweI gurbKS isMG (rwm kMvr); XwrHW is`KW ny KMfy dI pwhul leI[ ienHW ie`kIAW qoN mgroN BweI rwie isMG mulqwnI, BweI gurbKS isMG, BweI gurb^SIS isMG, BweI ikrpw isMG d`q (ikrpw rwm), BweI snmuK isMG d`q (Brw BweI ikrpw rwm), BweI gurmuK isMG (ipqw BweI ikrpw rwm), BweI subyg isMG; BweI AmrIk isMG, BweI dXw isMG purohq, BweI brn isMG, BweI AxI isMG, BweI lwl isMG ipSOrIAw, BweI rUp isMG, soFI dIp isMG, soFI nMd isMG, BweI nwƒ isMG idlvwlI, srhMd dy BweI hzwrI isMG, BweI BMfwrI isMG qy BweI drbwrI isMG (iqMnW BrwvW) vZYrw ny KMfy dI pwhul leI[ ienHW swry 45 is`KW nUM pwhul „pMj ipAwirAW‟ ny Awp id`qI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hzwrw isMG AlwdInpur

BweI hzwrw isMG (1888-27.1.1921), pu`qr BweI dyvw isMG, ipMf AlwdInpur (izlHw qrnqwrn, qrnqwrn qoN swFy iqMn iklomItr dUr) dw rihx vwlw sI[ aus dw ipqw iek bhuq AmIr zmINdwr sI[ auh Ajy isr& nOM swl dw sI ik aus dw ipqw cVHweI kr igAw[ iPr aus dw in`kw Brw vI mr igAw[ hzwrw isMG ny swihq Aqy ihkmq dI bhuq pVHweI kIqI sI[ jd gurduAwrw suDwr lihr c`lI qW aus ny Awpxy ipMf dy gurduAwry ivcoN mnmiq dIAW kwrvweIAW ^qm krvweIAW qy gurmiq mirAwdw lwgU krvweI[ aunHW idnW ivc qrnqwrn gurduAwrw ivc mhMqW v`loN gurduAwry dI Awmdn dI durvrqoN Aqy gurduAwry Awaux vwlIAW bIbIAW nwl bdmwSI dIAW bhuq ^brW Aw rhIAW sn[ aus vyly qk SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI bx cukI sI[ ies kr ky 25 jnvrI 1921 dy idn jQydwr qyjw isµG Bu`cr dI AgvweI ivc 40 dy krIb is`K qrnqwrn phuMc gey[ auDr mhµq ny 70 dy krIb bµdy iek`Ty kr ley, ijnHW ivcoN bhuqy jvwn g`BrU sn[ mwhOl vyK ky Bu`cr ny mhµqW ƒ AwiKAw ik AsIN quhwfy qoN kbzw lYx nhIN Awey blik sµgqW dIAW iSkwieqW d`sx Awey hW[pr mhµqW dy toly ’coN kuJ nOjvwn qYS ivc Aw ky BVkwaU hrkqW krn l`g pey qy AkwlIAW ƒ gwlHW vI k`Fx l`g pey[ vfyrI aumr dy pujwrIAW ny aunHW ƒ cu`p krw ky AwiKAw ik AsIN g`lbwq vwsqy iqAwr hW qy Swm 4 vjy iml ky g`lbwq krWgy[ Swm swFy pµj vjy qk Awps ivc smJOqw qYA ho igAw[ pujwrIAW ny AwiKAw ik auh Awpxy swQIAW nwl g`lbwq krnw cwhuµdy sn[ ieh kih ky auh bwhr Aw gey[ auDr pujwrIAW dy bµdy gurid`q isµG dy mkwn Aqy Jµfw buµgw ivc is`KW ’qy hmlw krn dIAW iqAwrIAW kr rhy sn[ aunHW hiQAwr Aqy bwrUd iek`Tw kIqw hoieAw sI[rwq swFy A`T vjy do pujwrI au~Qy Awey Aqy aunHW ny is`K AwgUAW ƒ smJOqy dw kwZz ilAwaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ is`K AwgUAW ƒ aunHW dI nIAq ’qy S`k hoieAw pr mhµqW ny h`s ky AwiKAw ik ies ivc koeI swijS nhIN[ is`K AwgUAW ny mohn isµG vYd ƒ smJOqy ƒ cµgy kwZz qy ^uS-^q kr ky ilKx vwsqy Byj id`qw[ vYd ny gurduAwry dy bwhr KVy qihsIldwr, srkl ieµspYktr Aqy dUjy srkwrI AihlkwrW ƒ ies dI ieqlwh vI dy id`qI[ ies mgroN bhwdr isµG hkIm ny bwhr KVHIAW is`K sµgqW ƒ hwlwq d`sxy SurU kr id`qy[

eyny ivc hI iek dsqI bµb aunHW kol Aw if`gw[ ies ip`CoN cwr pµj hor bµb au~Qy su`ty gey[ ies nwl keI bµdy z^mI ho gey[ ieh goly gurid`q isG pujwrI dy mkwn dy nwl-nwl dUjy buµigAW qoN vI su`ty gey sn[Aµdr blvµq isµG ku`lHw gurU gRµQ swihb A`gy m`Qw tyk rhy sn[ m`Qw tykidAW hI aunHW dy moFy ’qy qlvwr dw iek vwr hoieAw qy aunHW dw moFw burI qrHW cIirAw igAw[ aunHW dy nwl hI hzwrw isµG (AlwdInpur) m`Qw tyk irhw sI[ mhµq dy bµidAW ny aus dy iF`f ivc qlvwr mwrI[ auh z^mI ho ky if`g ipAw[ ies mgroN hukm isµG (vswaU kot) dy isr ’qy CvHIAW dy cwr-pµj vwr hoey[ auh vI z^mI ho ky if`g ipAw[ ienHW iqµnW qoN ielwvw gurbKS isµG, lwB isµG, eISr isµG vI z^mI hoey[ieh swrw kuJ, kuJ plW ivc hI, vwpr igAw Aqy ies mgroN mhµq dy bµdy b`qIAW buJw ky dOV gey[ z^mI is`KW ny gurduAwrw hwl coN bwhr Aw ky hwlwq d`sy qW swry isµG Aµdr ƒ B`j pey[ Aµdr swry pwsy ^Un hI ^Un sI[ sµgqW ny z^mIAW ƒ sµBwilAw[mhµqW dy hmly ivc z^mI hox vwly (bwbw bGyl isµG kroVisMGIAw dy ^wndwn ’coN) hzwrw isµG AlwdInpur (qrnqwrn qoN swFy iqMn iklomItr dUr), z^mW dI qwb nw Jldy hoey, 27 jnvrI dy idn cVHweI kr gey[ 28 jnvrI ƒ hzwrw isµG dy sskwr dy jlUs ivc hzwrW is`K Swiml hoey[ aus zmwny dw ieh sB qoN v`fw jlUs sI[

iek hor z^mI hukm isµG bswaUkot (qihsIl S`krgVH, hux pwiksqwn; hux ieh ipMf rwvI dirAw dI mwr hyT Aw ky ^qm ho cukw hY) 4 PrvrI dy idn cVHweI kr gey[ ieh do is`K gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dy pihly ShId sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hXwq ^wn

kvI sMqoK isMG ny BMgwxI dI lVweI (18 sqMbr 1688) dw izkr kridAW iliKAw hY ik sFOrw dy pIr bu`DU Swh ny gurU goibMd isMG jI dI &Oj ivc pMj sO pTwx BrqI krvwey sn, jo jMg SurU hox ’qy gVHvwlI rwjy &qh Swh nwl jw rly sn [ ienHW ivc iek jrnYl hXwq ^wn vI sI ijs nwl svw sO svwr sn[ sMqoK isMG muqwibk ies nUM ikRpwl dws ny kuqky nwl mwr id`qw sI[ jd ik hkIkq ieh hY ik hXwq Swh gurU jI kol sI hI nhIN; auh qW pihlW hI &qh Swh dw iek jrnYl sI[

guru jI v`loN pMj sO pTwx r`Kx dI g`l vI sMqoK isMG dI hI GVI hooeI hY[gurU kIAW swKIAW (swKI 44) muqwibk gurU jI dI &Oj ivc isr& is`K hI sn[ ies lVweI ivc &qh Swh dy jrnYl injwbq ^wn, BIKx ^wn qy rwjw hrI cMd mwry gey sn[ hXwq ^wn bc igAw sI qy auh &qh Swh dy nwl hI B`j igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hTI isMG

hTI isMG (9.12.1705-11.2.1783) swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dw pu`qr Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI dw poqw sI[ iek vwr iks kvI ny gurU jI nUM srbMs dwnI ilK id`qw ijs qoN kuJ lyKkW ny hTI isMG nUM mwqw suMdrI dy ‘muqbMny pu`qr’ AjIq isMG dw pu`qr bxw id`qw[ aunHW nUM Swied swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dI SwdI dw pqw nhIN sI lg sikAw sI[

swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dw ivAwh burhwnpur dy BweI jyTw isMG dI bytI qwrw kOr nwl 15 jnvrI 1705 dy idn AnMdpur ivc hoieAw sI[ ies sbMDI ieh ‘B`t vhI pUrbI d`KxI’ dw iek ieMdrwj hY:

AjIq isMG bytw gurU goibMd isMG mhl dsmyN kw, poqw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI kw, pVpoqw gurU hirgoibMd jI kw…bMs gurU Arjn jI kI, sUrjbMsI gosl goqrw, soFI KqrI, bwsI AnMdpur prgnw kihlUr, kw ivvwh, qwrw bweI bytI jyTw isMG sy, swl sqrW sY iekwht mwG sudI eykm ky idvs, iklw AnMdgF myN hUAw.

iesy B`t vhI ivc swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dy Gr, 9 idsMbr 1705 dy idn Awgrw Sihr ivc, hTI isMG dw jnm hox dw izkr vI imldw hY:
hTI isMG bytw AjIq kw, poqw gurU goibMd isMG jI mhl dsmyN kw, pVpoqw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI kw, bMs gurU hirgoibMd jI kI, sUrjbMsI gosl goqr soFI KqrI, bwsI AnMdpur, prgnw kihlUr, sMmq sqrW sY bwsT poK mwsy sudI pMcmIN ky idhuM Awgrw ngrI, prgnw mQurw BweI srDw isMG bytw mohkm dws gulwtI AroVw ky gRih myN hUAw [ gurU kI kVwhI kI, AiQq grIb gurby ko mwnw [ (B`t vhI pUrbI d`KxI, Kwqw hjwvq AWibAwnoN kw)[

kuier isMG dy guriblws pwqswhI dsvIN, kWf 16, ivc vI ies dw izkr imldw hY[hTI isMG dI mOq aus dy nwnky ngr burhwnpur (m`D pRdyS) ivc hoeI sI[ ‘gurduAwrw bVI sMgq’ dy ip`Cly ih`sy ivc qwrw kOr qy hTI isMG dIAW smwDW bxIAW hoeIAW hn.

 

gurduAwrw bVI sMgq burhwnpur ivc hTI isMG dI smwD

 

gurduAwrw bVI sMgq burhwnpur ivc hTI isMG dI mwqw qwrw kOr dI smwD

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hTI cMd (BweI mnI isMG dw Brw)

BweI hTI cMd BweI mweI dws dw bytw, ShId BweI b`lU dw poqw Aqy BweI mUly dw pVpoqw sI[ auh prmwr-rwjpUq pirvwr nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ ieh pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN is`K pMQ nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny &Oj bxweI qW hTI cMd vI aus ivc Swiml ho igAw[hTI cMd Awpxy nW vWg hTI, bhwdr, isrVI qy dlyr is`K sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny pwauNtw vswieAw qW hTI cMd vI aunHW dy nwl au~Qy clw Aqy gurU jI dI syvw ivc rihx l`g ipAw[

rwm rwey dy msMd gurb^S dy BVkwaux ’qy gVHvwl dy rwjy &qy Swh ny 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn gurU jI ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies mOky ’qy ipMf BMgwxI ivc bVI zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ ies jMg ivc ij`q gurU swihb dI hoeI[ Pqy Swh dy bhuq swry ispwhI mwry gey[ ies lVweI ivc hornW qoN ielwvw hTI cMd isMG ny vI bhwdrI dy jOhr ^Ub idKwey[ keI hmlwvr &OjIAW dy AwhU lwhuMdy hTI cMd Awp vI ies lVweI ivc ShId ho igAw sI[ aus dI ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc ieM\ AwauNdw hY:“audIAw bytw Kymy cMdnIey kw……rmwnW gurU kI bUAw ky byty sMgoSwh, jIq m`l byty swDU ky, poqy Drmy Kosly KqrI ky gYl rn BUmI myN Awey[ swl sqrW sYN pYNqwlIs Asuj pRivSty ATwrW BMgwnI ky mlHwn jmnw igrI ky miDAwn rwj nwhn eykI GrI idhuM Kloy jUJMqy sUirEN gYl swmyN mwQy jUJ kr mrw gYloN hTIcMd bytw mweIdws kw……jlHwnw blauNqw mwrw igAw[”

ies ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI BwdsoN” dy s&w 68 ’qy ieM\ imldw hY: “hTI cMd mweI dws kw, Asvj idn ATwrW swl sqrW sY pYNqwlIs, BMgwnI ky mlhwn rwj nwhn, gurU kw hukm pwie rwjw Pqy Swh gYly swmHy mwQy rn myN jUJ kr mrw[ gYloN aUdIAw bytw Kymy cMdnIey kw, poqw Drm cMd kw, pVpoqw Bojy kw, sUrj bMsI gOqm goqrw rTaur rmwnw, bMs lwKn kw mrw[ gYloN sMgo Swh jIq ml byty swDU ky poqy Drmy ky Kosly KqrI gurU kI bUAw ky byty mwry gey[” ies ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI krisMDU prgnw jINd” dy s&w 6 ’qy vI imldw hY.

hTI cMd (BweI mnI isMG dw Brw) BweI hTI cMd BweI mweI dws dw bytw, ShId BweI b`lU dw poqw Aqy BweI mUly dw pVpoqw sI[ auh prmwr-rwjpUq pirvwr nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ ieh pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN is`K pMQ nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny &Oj bxweI qW hTI cMd vI aus ivc Swiml ho igAw[hTI cMd Awpxy nW vWg hTI, bhwdr, isrVI qy dlyr is`K sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny pwauNtw vswieAw qW hTI cMd vI aunHW dy nwl au~Qy clw Aqy gurU jI dI syvw ivc rihx l`g ipAw[

rwm rwey dy msMd gurb^S dy BVkwaux ’qy gVHvwl dy rwjy &qy Swh ny 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn gurU jI ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies mOky ’qy ipMf BMgwxI ivc bVI zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ ies jMg ivc ij`q gurU swihb dI hoeI[ Pqy Swh dy bhuq swry ispwhI mwry gey[ ies lVweI ivc hornW qoN ielwvw hTI cMd isMG ny vI bhwdrI dy jOhr ^Ub idKwey[ keI hmlwvr &OjIAW dy AwhU lwhuMdy hTI cMd Awp vI ies lVweI ivc ShId ho igAw sI[ aus dI ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc ieM\ AwauNdw hY:“audIAw bytw Kymy cMdnIey kw……rmwnW gurU kI bUAw ky byty sMgoSwh, jIq m`l byty swDU ky, poqy Drmy Kosly KqrI ky gYl rn BUmI myN Awey[ swl sqrW sYN pYNqwlIs Asuj pRivSty ATwrW BMgwnI ky mlHwn jmnw igrI ky miDAwn rwj nwhn eykI GrI idhuM Kloy jUJMqy sUirEN gYl swmyN mwQy jUJ kr mrw gYloN hTIcMd bytw mweIdws kw……jlHwnw blauNqw mwrw igAw[”

ies ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI BwdsoN” dy s&w 68 ’qy ieM\ imldw hY: “hTI cMd mweI dws kw, Asvj idn ATwrW swl sqrW sY pYNqwlIs, BMgwnI ky mlhwn rwj nwhn, gurU kw hukm pwie rwjw Pqy Swh gYly swmHy mwQy rn myN jUJ kr mrw[ gYloN aUdIAw bytw Kymy cMdnIey kw, poqw Drm cMd kw, pVpoqw Bojy kw, sUrj bMsI gOqm goqrw rTaur rmwnw, bMs lwKn kw mrw[ gYloN sMgo Swh jIq ml byty swDU ky poqy Drmy ky Kosly KqrI gurU kI bUAw ky byty mwry gey[” ies ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI krisMDU prgnw jINd” dy s&w 6 ’qy vI imldw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hwTU isMG prmwr

BweI hwTU isMG BweI icqr isMG dw cOQw qy sB qoN Cotw pu`qr qy BweI mnI isMG dw poqw sI[ auh kwCw kwnHw (izlHw lwhOr) dw rihx vwlw sI[ 1758 ivc jd Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny pMjwb ’qy hmlw kIqw qW auh bhuq bhwdrI nwl liVAw[ iek vwr srhMd dy nyVy hoeI lVweI ivc auh keI pTwxW nwl iek`lw hI lV irhw sI ik aus dy GoVy dw pYr iksy twhxI ivc AV igAw[ ies qoN pihlW ik auh aus dy pYr nUM k`F skdw ikMny hI pTwx aus ’qy tu`t pey qy aus nUM kwbU kr ilAw[ khwxI muqwibk iek vwr jd is`K kYdIAW nUM aus dy swhmxy pyS kIqw igAw qW aus ny qnz nwlikhw “iek Syr qW hwQIAW dw vI mukwblw kr skdw hY, kI koeI isMG vI iek hwQI nwl lV skdw hY?” ies ’qy hwTU isMG ny ikhw “hW! mYN iek hwQI nwl lV skdw hW[” rqn isMG BMgU ilKdw hY ik ieh sux ky Aihmd Swh BVk auiTAw Aqy aus ny hwTU isMG nUM iek dm ^qm krn dw hukm dy id`qw[ pr B`t vhIAW muqwibk 27 mwrc 1758 dy idn, srhMd ivc lVdw ShId hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hwTU isMG cOhwn

BweI hwTU isMG ny 12 ApRYl 1700 dy idn gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc p`tI dy cODrI dyvw dIAW POjW nwl lVidAW ShIdI pweI sI[

hwTU isMG BweI j`gU dw pu`qr BweI pdmw dw poqw, BweI kOl jI dws dw pVpoqw sI[ (kOl jI dws dw ipqw BweI AMbIAw Aqy dwdw BweI audY krn sI)[ ieh pirvwr cOhwn rwjpUq Kwndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ kOl jI dws Aqy aus dw bytw pdmw gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy bVy nzdIkI sn[ auh gurU jI dy drbwrI is`KW ivcoN iek sn Aqy gurU swihb dy hr Kws smwgm Aqy muihMm ivc Swiml hoieAw krdy sn[ hwTU isMG dw ipqw BweI j`gU gurU hirrwie swihb dw drbwrI is`K sI[ mwrc 1664 ivc jdoN gurU hirikSn swihb AOrMgzyb nUM imlx vwsqy id`lI gey sn qW j`gU vI aunHW dy nwl hI sI[ j`gU dw v`fw Brw durgw dws Awpxy ielwky dy msMd sI[durgw dws dw v`fw bytw BweI Awlm isMG n`cxw gurU goibMd isMG jI dw ifauVI brdwr sI[ auh Awpxy Brw bIr isMG Aqy do pu`qrW myhr isMG qy Amolk isMG smyq cmkOr dI lVweI ivc 7 dsMbr 1705 nUM ShId hoieAw sI[ Awilm isMG n`cxw dI isMGxI bIbI iB`KW 6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn phwVI PojW nwl lVidAW ipMf J`KIAW dI jUh ivc, SwhI it`bI dy nyVy, ShId hoeI sI[ ieMv ieh pirvwr vI ShIdW qy murIdW dw pirvwr sI[

ApYRl 1709 ivc jdoN hwTU isMG gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc sI qW SihqUqW dI lkV dw mu`l mMgx ‘qy iek AwkV ^wn cUhV ml ny is`KW nwl qkrwr kIqw Aqy iPr p`tI dy cODrI nUM cVHw ky AMimRqsr lY AwieAw[ 6 ApYRL 1709 dy idn hoeI lVweI ivc hr shwie mwirAw igAw[ ies mgroN lwhOr dy nwieb sUbydwr Aslm ^wn ny nOSihrw pMnUAW dy cODrI dyvy nUM POj dy ky AMimRqsr hmlw krn vwsqy toirAw[ cODrI dyvw BwVy dy ispwhI lY ky 12 ApYRl 1709 dy idn AMimRqsr v`l cl ipAw[ AMimRqsr dI jUh dy bwhr is`KW Aqy dyvy dy bMidAW ivc gih-g`c lVweI hoeI pr isMGW dy roh A`gy ieh BwVy dy bMdy nw Tihr sky qy CyqI hI mYdwn C`f ky B`j gey[ ienHW dohW lVweIAW ivc jUJx vwilAW ivc, hornW qoN isvw, hwTU isMG vI sI[ hwTU isMG ny bVy roh nwl nVweI lVI sI[ aus ny keI hmlwvrW nUM mwirAw sI Aqy AKIr Awp vI ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[

ies lVweI dw KUbsUrq izkr kvI drSn ny ‘AMimRqsr dI vwr’ ivc kIqw hY[ (vyKo: ipAwrw isMG pdm, “pMjwbI vwrW”, sPw 311 qoN 319) ies lVweI dw ADUrw izkr kysr isMG iCbr dy “bMswvlI nwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW dw” (cYptr 14, bMd 17 qoN 29 qk ivc vI imldw hY[)

hwTU isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieMv imldw hY:“hwTU bytw jgU kw poqw kolW kw…Awn myN jy kurw, hjwvq AwiKAwnw, imqI 15 ivswK sMmq 1766 ko gurU c`k ky mlHwh rx myN swmyH mwry jUJ kr mrw[ gYloN krn isMG bytw kIrq kw poqw kyvl kw, pVpoqw AWfU kw, cMdrbMsI AiqRs goqRw qUr, bMs pMfU kw, ibMjlauNV mrw…” (B`t vhI qlauNFw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hwiSm Swh kvI

seIAd muhMmd hwSm Swh (1735-1843) pu`qr hwjI muhMmd SrI&, dw jnm swaUdI Arb dy ngr mdInw ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN ieh prvwr ipMf jgdyau klW (qihsIl, Ajnwlw, izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc Aw visAw sI[ hwiSm dw ipqw hkIm sI Aqy auh ^ud vI ihkmq dw kMm krdw sI[ ieh vI jwpdw hY ik auh kuJ smW qrKwxw kMm vI krdw irhw sI[ hwiSm ikauNik ieslwm dy bwnI hzrq muhMmd swihb dI bytI &wiqmW dy vwirsW ^wndwn ivcoN sI ies kr ky lok aus nUM pIrW vwlw mwx vI dyNdy sn[ hwiSm iek au~c drjy dw kvI sI[ aus ny TyT pMjwbI ivc sohxI mhINvwl, s`sI puMnU Aqy SIrIN &rhwd dIAW (Swied hIr rWJw vI) pRym khwxIAW nUM ik`sy dy rUp ivc klmbMd kIqw[ aus ny kuJ ifauFW, sIhr&IAW qy dohVy vI ilKy[ aus dI iek hor Aihm dyx ‘vwr mhW isMG’ hY (ieh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy ipqw mhW isMG dy jIvn dw hwl hY)[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy inzwm ivc koeI nOkrI krdw irhw sI[ aus dI mOq ipMf Qrpwl (izlHw nwrovwl, pwiksqwn) ivc bhuq vfyrI aumr ivc hoeI sI ij`Qy aus dI kbr bxI hoeI hY.

Qrpwl ivc hwiSm Swh dw mzwr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrsw isMG gRMQI

BweI hrsw isMG pu`qr BweI n`Qw isMG dw jnm qrnqwrn ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw ipqw qrnqwrn gurduAwry ivc gRMQI sI[ aus nUM vI gurbwxI pVHn dw SOk pY igAw[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN aus ny vI ausy gurduAwry ivc gRMQI vjoN syvw krnI SurU kr id`qI[ 1877 ivc jd ErIAYNtl kwlj (pMjwb XUnivristI) lwhOr ivc pMjwbI zubwn dI pVHweI SurU hoeI qW aus nUM vI au~Qy pVHweI krvwaux dw kMm sONipAw igAw[ jd lwhOr ivc isMG sBw kwiem hoeI qW aus ny ies ivc bhuq rol Adw kIqw[ ies dw pihlw smwgm 2 nvMbr 1879 dy idn hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN 10 nvMbr 1880 dy idn gurmuKI A^bwr SurU kIqI geI[ BweI hrsw isMG ny ies A^bwr vwsqy bhuq mzmUn ilKy.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrnwm isMG tuMfIlwt

BweI hrnwm isMG (11.3.1882-18.9.1962) pu`qr BweI guridq isMG dw jnm ipMf kotlw nOD isMG (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw pr kuJ smyN mgroN AsqI&w dy id`qw[ 1906 ivc auh AmrIkw clw igAw[

31 mwrc 1913 dy idn jd Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI qW aus nuM lokl XUint dw AwrgynweIzr bxwieAw igAw[ 31 dsMbr nUM aus nUM sYNtrl AYZzYkitv dw mYNbr lY ilAw igAw[ jd Zdr pwrtI ny hiQAwrbMd j`dojihd vwsqy vqn nUM cwly pwauxy SurU kIqy qW auh AmrIkw qoN kolMbo clw igAw qy auQoN dsMbr 1914 ivc pMjwb pu`j igAw[ ies dOrwn iek vwr bMb bxwaux dw qjrbw kridAW aus dw K`bw h`Q auf igAw qy aus dI bWh k`txI pY geI[ ies qoN aus dI A`l ‘tuMfI lwt’ pY geI sI[ Zdr pwrtI dw muK AYkSn PylH hox Aqy 19 &rvrI 1915 dy idn swry muK AwgUAW dI igR&qwrI mgroN auh rUpoS ho igAw Aqy krqwr isMG srwBw qy jgq isMG surisMG nwl A&Zwinsqwn nUM inkl igAw[ pr rsqy ivc aunHW nUM iehsws hoieAw ik ieh qW BgOVy hoxw qy ZdwrI krnw hY[ ies kr ky auh 2 mwrc 1915 nUM vwips muV pey[ auh c`k nMbr 5 srgoDw ivc AglI kwrvweI krn dI plwinMg krn lg pey[ mwrc 1915 ivc aunHW nUM irswldwr gMfw isMG ny c`k nMbr 5 (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) qoN igR&qwr krvw id`qw[ aunHW nUM lwhOr swizS kys ivc cwrj kIqw igAw qy 13 sqMbr 1915 dy idn &WsI dI szw suxweI geI jo mgroN kwlypwxI dI (AMfymwn ivc) kYd Aqy jwiedwd zbqI ivc bdl id`qI geI[ 1921 ivc aus nUM pMjwb dIAW jylHW ivc qbdIl kr id`qw igAw[ aus dI irhweI 15 swl kYd rihx mgroN 15 sqMbr 1930 dy idn hoxI sI, pr bImwr hox mgroN aus nUM pihlW irhw kr id`qw igAw[ ies mgroN auh ikrqI ikswn pwrtI ivc Swiml ho igAw Aqy kuJ smW bwAd kimaUinst pwrtI nwl sbMDq ho igAw[ sMn 1941 ivc aus nUM muV igR&qwr kIqw igAw qy auh 1945 qk jylH ivc irhw[ aus dI mOq 1962 ivc hoeI[ hrnwm isMG tuMfIlwt iek kvI vI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrnwm isMG T`TIKwrw

BweI hrnwm isMG dw jnm ipMf T`TIKwrw (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jd Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI qW auh ies dw srgrm kwrkuMn bx igAw[ Zdr dw v`fw AYkSn 21 &rvrI 1915 dy idn SurU hoxw sI, pr srkwrI mu^br ikrpwl isMG kwrn ies nUM iek idn AgwaUN krn dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ ikrpwl isMG nUM ies dw pqw lg igAw qW aus ny puls nUM ^br kr id`qI ijs nwl bhuq swry vrkr PVy gey[ pr ies dy bwvjUd kuJ kwrkuMn bx gey jo kwrvweIAW krdy rhy[ hrnwm isMG 2 meI 1915 dI mIitMg ivc Swiml sI ijs ivc Aslw iek`Tw krn vwsqy plwinMg iqAwr kIqI geI sI[ aus ny swQIAW nwl iml ky 11 qy 12 jUn 1915 dI rwq nUM mwnWvwlw stySn dy nyVy v`lw pul cOkI ’qy hmlw kr ky Cy rweI&lW Aqy do sO kwrqUs Koh ley[ ies kwrvweI ivc do gwrf mwry gey[ srkwr ny aus dI igR&qwrI vwsqy eInwm dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ auh CyqI hI PiVAw igAw[ aus nUM fkYqI Aqy kql dy doS ivc cwrj kIqw igAw sI qy &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ aus nUM 12 Agsq 1915 dy idn lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI ’qy ltkwieAw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrnwm isMG swhrI

hrnwm isMG swhrI, pu`qr BweI lwB isMG dw jnm ipMf kwhrI swhrI (izlHw huiSAwpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ mgroN rozgwr dy islisly ivc auh hWgkWg ivc kMm krdw irhw[ 1907 ivc auh AmrIkw clw igAw[ ies smyN dOrwn auh AmrIkw qy knyfw ivc rozgwr dy islisly ivc GuMmdw irhw[ auh ivktorIAw ivc grOsrI stor vI clwauNdw irhw[ aus nUM kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy islisly ivc vI igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ ie`QoN aus nUM AmrIkw ifport kr id`qw igAw sI[ ies ny Aqy ies dy swQIAW ny, mulk nUM Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy hiQAwrbMd jMg vwsqy, purbI mulkW dy jMglW ivc Aslw iek`Tw krn SurU kr id`qw[ ieh Aslw brmw, QweILYNf Aqy cIn dy jMglW ivc iek`Tw kIqw jw irhw sI[ CyqI hI brqwnvI srkwr nUM ies dI sUh iml geI Aqy 70 bMdy igR&qwr kr ley gey[ ienHW nUM mWflw swizS kys ivc cwrj kIqw igAw[ kys ivc hrnwm isMG swhrI, nwrwiex isMG b`lo, bswvw isMG vwVw (huiSAwrpur), inrMjn isMG smgqpurw, pwlw isMG Syrpur (luiDAwxw) Aqy cyilAw rwm swhnyvwl nUM 22 sqMbr 1916 dy idn &wsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ aus nUM 14 nvMbr dy idn &WsI ’qy ltkw id`qw igAw.

hrnwm isMG swhrI

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrnwm isMG ijAwx

bwbw hrnwm isMG ijAwx (1877-20.12.1928) dw jnm BweI mweI dws dy Gr hoieAw sI[ 16 swl dI aumr ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw qy 22 is`K pltn ivc syvw krdw irhw[ ies dOrwn hI aus nUM is`KI dI lgn l`gI qy auh Drm pRcwr dI syvw ivc ruJ igAw[ aus ny AwpxI aumr dy Agly 20 swl ipMf ijAwx ivc hI ibqwey[ aus ny AnMdpur swihb qy hor bhuq swry QWvW ’qy gurduAwry bxvwey Aqy lokW ivc KMfy dI pwhul dw pRcwr kIqw[ aus dI Xwd ivc ijAwx ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrnwm isMG B`tI gorwieAw

BweI hrnwm isMG pu`qr BweI ArUVw dw jnm ipMf B`tI gorwieAw (izlHw isAwlkot) ivc hoieAw sI[jd Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI qW auh ies dw srgrm kwrkuMn bx igAw[ aus ny bhuq swrIAW kwrvweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw[ A^Ir aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy pihly lwhOr swizS kys ivc cwrj kIqw igAw Aqy &WsI dI szw suxweI geI[aus nUM 16 nvMbr 1915 dy idn lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI ’qy ltkwieAw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hirikSn, gurU

gurU hirikSn (hirikSn) swihb (20.7.1652-30.3. 1664) dw jnm mwqw sul`KxI Aqy gurU hir rwie swihb dy Gr ipMf Qwpl (audoN isrmOr/ nwhn irAwsq) ivc hoieAw sI (bhuqy ilKwrI Awp dw jnm kIrqpur ivc hoieAw ilKdy rhy hn, pr aunHW nUM ieh nhIN pqw sI ik gurU hir rwie jI 1645 qoN 1657 qk Qwpl rhy sn; ies kr ky kIrqpur vwlI g`l shI nhIN ho skdI)[ 5 AkqUbr 1661 dy idn Awp ATvyN gurU Qwpy gey[ dUjy pwsy Awp dy v`fy Brw rwm rwie, ijs ƒ gurU hir rwie jI ny gurg`dI qoN mOkU& kr id`qw sI, ny AOrMgzyb dI mdd nwl gurg`dI hwisl krn dI koiSS kIqI[ rwm rwie dy AwKx ’qy AOrMgzyb ny gurU hirikSn jI ƒ sMmn Byjy[ 19 mwrc 1664 dy idn gurU hirikSn swihb kIrqpur swihb qoN id`lI v`l c`l pey [ khwxI muqwibk rsqy ivc Awp v`K-v`K QwvW qoN huMdy hoey pMjoKVw pu`jy[ pMjoKVw ivc lwl cMd nW dy iek pMfq ny gurU jI dI CotI aumr vyK ky aunHW dI Azmq ’qy S`k kIqw Aqy gurU jI
ƒ AwiKAw ik auh gIqw dy mwAny smJwaux[ gurU jI ny aus hMkwrI pMfq ƒ AwiKAw ik ieh kMm qW hr iek is`K kr skdw hY ikauNik is`KW ivc ividAw dw h`k isr& bRwhmxW dw nhIN[ ies ’qy lwl cMd kihx l`gw kI C`jU rwm iJaUr vI myrI qs`lI krvw skygw? gurU swihb dy AwKx ’qy BweI C`jU rwm ny gIqw dy kmwl dy mwAny kr d`sy[ pMfq dw ZrUr cUr-cUr ho igAw[ gurU swihb ny pMfq ƒ smJwieAw ik Awlm &wzl AwdmI ivc ZrUr nhIN blik hlImI hoxI cwhIdI hY[ pMjKoVw qoN kurKyqr ho ky, gurU jI id`lI pu`jy[ id`lI ivc Awp rwjw jY isMh, imrzw dy bMgly ivc Tihry[ (ies smyN dy bwry ivc vI khwxIAW bxIAW hoeIAW hn)[

21 mwrc 1664 dy idn (gurU) qyZ bhwdr jI, jo ipCly A`T swl Aswm, bMgwl qy ibhwr ivc Drm pRcwr krdy rhy sn, vI id`lI pu`jy[ Agly idn (gurU) qyZ bhwdr jI qy gurU hirikSn jI ivc mulwkwq hoeI[ (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb ny gurU hrikSn swihb ƒ AOrMgzyb dI pwilsI bwry d`isAw qy aus qoN cOks rihx vwsqy AwiKAw[ 25 mwrc 1664 ƒ gurU hirikSn swihb ivc AOrMgzyb ivc mulwkwq hoeI[ AglI mulwkwq vwsqy vkq imiQAw igAw pr vwihgurU dw hukm kuJ hor hI sI[ ausy rwq gurU swihb ’qy cIck (small pox) dw hmlw hoieAw[ Agly cwr idn cIck dw Asr vDdw igAw[ 30 mwrc dy idn Awp joqI joiq smw gey[ jwx qoN pihlW Awp (gurU) qyZ bhwdr, ‘bwby bkwly’ vwly bwby ƒ g`dI sONp gey[ (aus vyly gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb bkwlw ivc rih rhy sn.

(vDyry jwxkwrI vwsqy pVHo, lyKk dI ikqwb: isK qvwrI^).

 

bMglw swihb gurduAwrw ij`Qy gurU hirikSn jI joqI-joiq smwey sn

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrikSn isMG bwvw

bwvw hrikSn isMG (26.7.1892-20.8.1978) pu`qr bwvw dsONDw isMG dw jnm fyrw iesmweIl ^wn (pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny AY&.sI. kwlj lwhOr qoN AMgryzI ivc AYm.ey. pws kIqI Aqy 1912 ivc Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc lYkcrr lg igAw[ ijhVy AwgUAW qy ivdvwnW ny 1920 ivc gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU kIqI sI auh aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ jd 12 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn drbwr swihb dy pujwrIAW ny AKOqI ACUq is`KW dw prSwd kbUl krn qoN nWh kIqI qW aus ny pujwrIAW nUM bhuq smJwieAw Aqy A^Ir aus ny qy mOky ’qy hwzr hor is`K S^sIAqW ny aunHW nUM mjbUr kr id`qw ik auh aunHW dw prSwd kbUl krn[ 13 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn jd AMimRqsr dy ifptI kimSnr ny drbwr swihb dy pRbMD vwsqy iek 9 mYNbrI kmytI bxweI qW aus ivc aus nUM vI Swiml kIqw sI[ 15 nvMbr dy idn jd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI kwiem kIqI geI qW aus nUM vI ies ivc mYNbr vjoN cuixAw igAw sI[ 12 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn jd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr kwnUMnI krwr id`qw igAw qW aus nUM vI igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr iklHw jylH ivc bMd kr id`qw igAw qy 25 jnvrI 1926 dy idn irhw kIqw igAw[ irhweI mgroN aus ny isAwsq ivc ihsw nhIN ilAw[ 1933 ivc jd is`K jQybMdIAW ivc bhuq izAwdw n&rq SurU ho geI qW aus ny hor ivdvwnW Aqy pMQ drdIAW nwl iml ky ‘gursyvk sBw’ nW dw iek gru`p kwiem kr ky ies Put nUM dUr krn dIAW koiSSW ivc ih`sw pwieAw[ ies mgroN vI aus ny isAwsq ivc ih`sw nw ilAw[

1947 qoN mgroN bwvw hrikSn isMG SRomxI AkwlI dl nwl juV igAw[ 1955 ivc aus nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYbr ko-Awpt kIqw igAw[ 10 meI 1955 dy idn mwstr qwrw isMG dI igR&qwrI mgroN aus nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ 1960 ivc aus nUM pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw dI kwiemI vwsqy bxy kimSn dw mYNbr bxwieAw igAw[ AwpxI aumr dw Aw^rI ih`sw aus ny id`lI ivc ibqwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrjI soFI

soFI hrjI (?-16.4.1696) soFI imhrbwn dw pu`qr, qy ipRQI cMd mIxw (jo gurU Arjn swihb dw v`fw Brw sI) dw poqw sI[ 1639 qoN 1696 qk gurU -dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) dw ieMqzwm aus dy h`Q ivc irhw sI[ nvMbr 1664 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb qy BweI m`Kx swh lubwxw gurU-dw-c`k Awey qW aus ny Aqy aus dy pu`qr hirjI ny gurU jI nUM jI AwieAW AwiKAw[ mgroN sMqoK isMG kvI ny ieh khwxI GV leI sI ik mIixAW ny gurU jI nUM gurU-dw-c`k ivc vVn nhIN sI id`qw Aqy drvwzy bMd kr ley sn[ ieh g`l idlcsp hY ik audoN drbwr swihb dy duAwly KulHI QW sI Aqy koeI drvwzy huMdy hI nhIN sn[ (sMqoK isMG ny ‘sUrj pRkwS’ ikqwb ivc hor sYNkVy g`pW vI mwrIAW hn[ hirjI iek piVHAw iliKAw bMdw sI[ aus ny bhuq swrIAW kivqwvW vI ilKIAW[ aus ny ienHW kivqwvW ivc nwnk Cwp vI vrqI qW jo lok aus nUM gurbwxI smJ lYx[ aus ny Awpxy ipqw imhrbwn dI jnmswKI vI ilKI sI[ hirjI dy iqMn pu`qr sn: hir gopwl, kMvl nYx Aqy inrMjn rwey[ hirjI dI mOq mgroN ieh gurU-dw-c`k dw ieMqzwm nw sMBwl sky Aqy 1697-98 ivc ngr C`f ky ieh iqMny prvwrW sxy mwlvw v`l inkl gey[ hr gopwl ny Awpxw ipMf hir shwey vsw ilAw (hux gurU hir shwey) qy kMvl nYx iFlvW klW ivc vs igAw sI[ kMvl nYx dw pu`qr ABY rwm 1706 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI qoN pwhul lY ky is`K bx igAw sI[ is`K rwj Awaux mgroN bwkI mIxy vI is`K bx gey sn. hor vyKo: ipRQI cMd mIxw, imhrbwn, ABY rwm/isMG.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrjwp isMG AOjlw

hrjwp isMG (26.5.1892-1982) dw jnm s. krqwr isMG dy Gr, mwihlpur (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ dsMbr 1909 ivc auh AmrIkw clw igAw[ jd Zdr lihr c`lI qW ieh aus dw pihly idn qoN Atu`t AMg bx igAw[ auh mYNbr qoN pRDwn qk dy Ahudyn qk pu`ijAw[ pwrtI dy AOKy vyilAW ivc aus ny Zgr AwSrm ivc rih ky pwrtI vwsqy jIA-jwn iek kIqy[ 1926 ivc auh mwsko igAw[ 1928 ivc auh A&Zwinsqwn rwhIn Bwrq AwauNdw PiVAw igAw pr zmwnq ’qy irhw ho igAw[ mwrc 1930 ivc auh lwlpurw (izlHw qrnqwrn) phUmd igAw[ 14 ApRYl 1931 sy isn aus nUM igR&qwr rk ilAw igAw qy imMtgumrI jyLH ivc f`k id`qw igAw[ auh keI swl jylH ivc irhw[ 1937 dIAW coxW ivc auh ibnw mukwblw AsYNblI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[

1947 qoN mgroN aus nUM AwrQk qMgIAW ny Gyr ilAw qy aus ny shwrnpur jw ky iksy dy Kyq ivc hl vI clwieAw[ pr bImwr hox ip`CoN iPr ipMf muV AwieAw[ 1971 ivc auh AwpxI bytI gurmIq kOr DwmI kol ieMglYNf Aw igAw qy AMqly smyN qk eyQy hI irhw[ aus ny jylH ivc rihx dOrwn iek fwierI ilKI sI ijhVI aus dy mrn qoN 16 swl bwAd CwpI geI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hirdws

1. rwie Boie dI qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw swihb) dw iek vYd, jo jnmswKIAW muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb dw ‘rog’ dUr krn vwsqy bulwieAw igAw sI[ hir dws ny gurU jI dI bWh PV ky qy A`KW ivc vyK ky ikhw sI ik aus nUM koeI rog nhIN sgoN auh qW lokW dy rogW nUM dUr krn vwlw hovygw[ ies Gtnw bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik gurU jI ny ieh slok aucwirAw sI: vYdu bulwieAw vYdgI pkiV FMFoly bWh] Bolw vYdu n jwxeI krk klyjy mwih](1279).

{not: ies Sbd dw aupr izkr kIqI Gtnw nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY, Aqy ieh Gtnw vI klipq hY}.

2. guru Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K ijs dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc kIqw hY: lwlU bwlU ivj hn, hrKvMq hirdws ipAwrw (vwr 11, pauVI 18)[ ies ivc lwlU bwlU nUM ivj goq dy KqrI d`isAw hY, Swied hirdws vI ivj hovy

3. hirdws d`KxI bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dw cylw sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk jd 5 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn jd bMdw isMG nMdyV qoN pMjwb v`l c`ilAw sI qW aus ny Awpxw fyrw ies nUM sONp id`qw sI.

4. gurU rwmdws jI dy ipqw dy nW dw iek hor rUp. (vyKo: hrdws)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI isMG ausmwn

hrI isMG ausmwn (20.10.1879-15.10.1969), pu`qr gurid`q isMG dw jnm ipMf b`dovwl (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc hoieAw sI[ au~nI swl dI aumr ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ s`q swl dI nOkrI mgroN AsqI&w dy ky 1905 ivc auh Gr priqAw[ AkqUbr 1907 ivc auh mnIlw (i&lpweInz) Aqy 1912 ivc AmrIkw clw igAw[

jdoN Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI qW auh ies nwl juV igAw[ aus nUM hiQAwrW dw ieMqzwm krn dI ifaUtI sONpI geI[ 15 ApRYl 1915 dy idn auh bhuq swry hiQAwr lY ky pMjwb vwsqy rvwnw hoieAw[ rsqy ivc aus nUM pqw lg igAw ik sUhIey aus dw ip`Cw kr rhy hn ies kr ky auh ieMfonySIAw ivc hI auqr igAw[ ie`Qy aus ny Awpxw nW ausmwn ^wn r`K ilAw qy iek mukwmI AOrq nwl SwdI vI kr leI[ aus ny vpwr ivcoN bhuq swrw pYsw kmwieAw[ dUjI jMg ivc auh jpwnI &Oj ivc kYptn vjoN BrqI ho igAw[ jdoN suBwS cMdr bos ny Awzwd ihMd &Oj bxweI qW aus nUM Syr ihMd brIgyf dw jnrl bxwieAw igAw[ jMg ^qm hox mgroN auh ieMfonySIAw ivc hI irhw[ auh pihlI AkqUbr 1948 dy idn Awpxy mulk priqAw qy Awpxw Aw^rI smW Awpxy ipMf b`dovwl ivc hI guzwirAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI isMG prmwr

BweI hrI isMG Awpxy ipqw BweI jyTw isMG nwl 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ hrI isMG BweI jyTw isMG dw bytw, BweI mweIdws dy poqw Aqy ShId BweI b`lU dw pVpoqw sI[hrI isMG ny AwpxI izMdgI dw bhuq smW ipMf AlIpur (izlHw muz`&rgVH) ivc ibqwieAw sI[

gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI ShIdI mgroN bwbw bMdw isMG v`loN pMjwb ƒ Awzwd krvw ley jwx dI ^br jdoN muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ƒ imlI qW auh Awp iek v`fI &Oj lY ky pMjwb v`l c`l ipAw[ jd auh bMdw isMG nUM hrw nw sikAw qW aus ny 10 dsMbr 1710 dy idn ieh hukm jwrI kr id`qw ik gurU nwnk nwm lyvw (is`K) ij`Qy vI imlx PV ky kql kr id`qy jwx[ ies hukm dI qwmIl krn vwsqy mulqwn dy Awly-duAwly dy ielwky dy srkwrI AihlkwrW ny vI 40 dy krIb is`K igR&qwr kr ley[ ieh igR&qwrIAW julweI Aqy Agsq 1711 ivc kIqIAW geIAW sn[ ienHW swirAW ƒ lwhOr ilAWdw igAw qy iPr kwzI dI Adwlq ivc pyS kIqw igAw[ aunHW ƒ “ieslwm Aqy mOq” ivcoN iek cuxn vwsqy AwiKAw igAw[ jdoN aunHW ny Drm CfxoN nWh kr id`qI qW aunHW ƒ lwlc Aqy Pyr qsIhy id`qy gey[ ieh qsIhy lgwqwr iqMn mhIny id`qy jWdy rhy[ jdoN auh iPr vI nw foly qW 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn aunHW ƒ ipMf Awlovwl dy bwhrvwr ijaUNdy zmIn ivc g`f ky mwr id`qw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI isMG nlvw

jrnYl hrI isMG nlvw (ApRYl 1791-10.4.1837), pu`qr s. guridAwl isMG au~pl-KqrI, dw jnm gujrWvwlw (p`CmI pMjwb) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh Ajy s`q swl dw hI sI ik aus dy ipqw dI mOq ho geI[ aus dw pwlx poSx aus dI mW ny kIqw[ 12 swl dI aumr ivc aus ny ipqw dI jwiedwd dI sMBwl SurU kr id`qI sI[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny GoV svwrI Aqy Ssqr ividAw vI hwisl krnI SurU kr id`qI sI[ 14 swl dI aumr ivc jwiedwd dy iek JgVy dy sbMD ivc auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy drbwr ivc igAw Aqy bVI sUJ nwl Awpxw p`K pyS kIqw, ijs kr ky rxjIq isMG ny &Yslw aus dy h`k ivc id`qw[ rxjIq isMG aus dI sUJ qoN bhuq pRBwivq hoieAw qy jd aus nUM ieh pqw l`gw ik hrI isMG dy ipqw qy dwdw aus (rxjIq isMG) dy ipqw mhW isMG Aqy dwdw cVHq isMG dI &Oj dw ih`sw sn qW auh hor vI bhuq ^uS hoieAw[ aus ny hrI isMG nUM AwpxI injI &Oj ivc Swiml hox dI pySkS kIqI jo aus ny mnzUr kr leI[

Agly swl hI aus ny iek vwr iek Syr nUM ibnw isr& qlvwr Aqy Fwl nwl mwirAw sI[ hrI isMG dy bwzUAW ivc bhuq jwn sI qy auh bhuq PurqI nwl qlvwr clwieAw krdw sI[ iesy kr ky lok aus nUM lMmIAW bwhvW vwl ikhw krdy sn[ mIl qy &rlWg vWg „nlvw‟ iek lMbweI (400 h`Q dI) huMdI hY[ lok aus dIAW bwhvW dy kmwl kwrn aus nUM lMmIAW bwhvW vwlw qy „nlvw‟ ikhw krdy sn[ hOlI-hOlI ieh aus dy nW dw ih`sw bx igAw[ (kuJ lok nlvw dw ipCokV imQhwsk rcnw nl-dmXMqI dy nwiek nwl imlwaux dI koiSS krdy hn, jo ik iksy qrIky nwl vI Syr mwrn vwlI Gtnw nwl FukdI nhIN)[

hrI isMG nlvw dI pihlI muihMm 18 &rvrI 1807 dI sI jd aus ny ksUr dI muihMm sr kIqI sI (qd auh isr& 16 swl dw sI)[ ies ij`q bdly rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM eInwm vjoN jwgIr id`qI[ 1808 ivc aus ny jIvn isMG qoN isAwlkot Koh ky rxjIq isMG dy rwj dw ih`sw bxw id`qw[ 1810 ivc aus ny mulqwn ‟qy hmly dI AgvweI kIqI qy nvwb muz`&r ^wn nUM iSksq id`qI qy kr dyxw mMnx ‟qy mjbUr kIqw[ 1813 ivc aus ny Aqy dIvwn mohkm cMd ny Atk dI lVweI ivc kwbl dy hwkm Swh mihmUd dy numwieMidAw Awzm ^wn Aqy dosq muhMmd ^wn nUM hrwieAw[ 1814 ivc aus ny kSmIr ‟qy pihlw hmlw kIqw[ Agly hI swl aus ny rjOVI dy hwkm nUM hwr id`qI[ 1816 ivc aus ny imsr dIvwn cMd, &qh isMG AwhlUvwlIAw Awid nwl iml ky mihmUdkot (muz`&rgVH) ‟qy hmlw kr ky auQoN dy nvwb nUM hrw ky kr dyx ‟qy mjbUr kr id`qw[ 1818 ivc jd mulqwn dw nvwb kr dyxoN mukr igAw qW aus ny mulqwn ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ iesy swl aus ny ipSwvr ‟qy vI hmlw kIqw[ julweI 1819 ivc auh kSmIr ‟qy vI kbzw krn ivc kwmXwb ho igAw[ 25 Agsq 1820 dy idn aus nUM kSmIr dw subydwr QwipAw igAw Aqy nwl hI Awpxy nW dw is`kw jwrI krn dw h`k id`qw igAw[ aus ny 6 nvMbr 1821 dy idn kSmIr dI sUbydwrI C`f id`qI qW jo auh hor ielwky sr kr sky[ 20 dsMbr 1821 dy idn aus ny 25 hzwr kbwielIAW dI mzbUq qwkq nUM hrw ky muMGyr dI v`fI muihMm nUM ij`q ilAw[ 1822 ivc aus ny mnkyrw v`l mUMh kIqw[ ies nUM ij`qxw Awswn nhIN sI ikauNik ies iklHy nUM ih&wzq dyx vwsqy ies dy Awly-duAwly 12 iklHy sn[ hrI isMG ny ies swry iklHy ij`q ley[ A^Ir mnkyrw dy nvwb ny hwr mMn leI[

1822 ivc aus nUM hzwrw dw sUbydwr QwipAw igAw[ ies ielwky ivc aus ny iek nvyN ngr dI nINh r`KI ijs dw nW aus dy nW ‟qy hrIpur r`iKAw igAw[ ie`Qy aus ny iek iklHw bxwieAw ijs dw nW gurU hrikSn swihb dy nW ‟qy hrikSngVH r`iKAw igAw[1823 ivc aus ny nOSihrw dI lVweI ivc ij`q hwisl kIqI[ 1834 ivc aus ny, jhwd dw nwArw lw ky bZwvq dw JMfw bulMd krn vwly, muhMmd Awzm ^wn qy aus dI v`fI &Oj nUM nOSihrw ivc burI qrHW hrwieAw[ iesy swl aus ny ipSwvr ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1836 ivc aus ny jmrOd ‟qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[

mwrc 1837 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy poqy nOinhwl isMG dI SwdI sI[ ies kr ky jmrOd qy kuJ hor ikilHAW qoN kuJ &Oj vwips bulweI hoeI sI[ aus vyly jmrOd ivc isr& Cy sO jvwn sn[ hrI isMG nlvw ipSwvr ivc sI[ jd hrI isMG nUM ieh pqw lgw qW auh jmrOd vl cl ipAw[ jmrOd dy iklHy dI ih&wzq krdw hoieAw hrI isMG nlvw 30 ApRYl 1837 dy idn pTwx hmlwvrW dIAW golIAW nwl ClxI ho ky cVHweI kr igAw[ kuJ hlikAW ieh Awm crcw sI ik ies ip`Cy fogirAW dw h`Q sI[ ies dw kwrn ieh sI ik kuJ h&qy pihlW hrI isMG nlvw ny rxjIq isMG nUM slwh id`qI sI ik “ieh rwj is`KW dIAW kurbwnIAW sdkw hwisl kIqw igAw hY qy qusIN vsIAq kr ky ies nUM is`KW dI kONsl dy hvwly kr dyx bwry hdwieq kr jwvo[” jd fogirAW ny ieh suixAw qW aunHW rxjIq isMG nUM smJwieAw ik ieh qW aus dw injI rwj hY qy is`KW dw nhIN, ies kr ky ies dw vwirs aus dw vlI-Aihd (v`fw pu`qr) hI hovygw[ ies dy nwl hI ies qoN kuJ idn mgroN hI fogirAW ny iek swizS bxw ky hrI isMG nlvw nUM jmrOd ‟qy muslmwnW dw hmlw krvw ky iek swizS hyT aus nUM mrvw id`qw[ pihlW AkwlI PUlw isMG nUM vI iek swizS rc ky fogirAW ny hI mrvwieAw sI[ fogirAW ny qW rxjIq isMG dw iek vI sInIAr is`K swQI izMdw nhIN rihx id`qw sI[

hrI isMG nlvw dunIAW dw sB qoN v`fw jrnYl sI[ aus ny, 16 swl dI aumr qoN lY ky Agly 30 swl qk lgwqwr, dunIAW dIAW sB qoN AOKIAW drjnW lVweIAW ij`qIAW sn[ aus ny A&Zwinsqwn dy kbwielI ijnHW nUM aus qoN pihlW (Aqy aus qoN mgroN vI koeI nhIN hrw sikAw) nUM burI qrHw iSksq id`qI sI[ ies kr ky bhuq dhwikAW qk pTwx lok hrI isMG dy nW qoN vI frdy rhy sn[ ieh Awm irvwieq sI ik pTwx AOrqW Awpxy b`icAW nUM frwaux vwsqy ikhw krdIAW sn “cup SO, hrIAw rwihly” (cu`p ho jw, hrI isMG Aw irhw hY) qy b`cy fr ky cup ho jW sON jieAw krdy sn[ hrI isMG iek bhuq vDIAw nwzm vI sI[ hzwrw qy kSmIr vrgy ielwky dw inzwm clwauxw bVI v`fI g`l sI[ nlvw bhuq sUJvwn qy ifplomyt vI sI[ aus dI sUJ qoN kwiel ho ky hI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM AMgryz gvrnr jnrl lwrf ivlIAm bYNitk nwl g`lbwq dy imSn dw muKI bxwieAw sI[ hrI isMG nlvw dw Dwrimk rol vI kwbly-izkr hY[ pMjw swihb qy mtn dy gurduAwry aus ny hI bxwey hn[ aus ny drbwr swihb Aqy Akwl buMgw dIAW iemwrqW vwsqy sonw vI dwn kIqw sI[ aus ny keI iklHy vI bxwey sI Aqy keI ikilHAW dI murMmq krvweI sI (ijvyN jmrOd, Atk, nOSihrw Awid); hrI isMG vrgw jrnYl qy nwzm dunIAW dI qvwrI^ ivc Swied koeI vI nhIN hY[

30 ApRYl 2013 dy idn aus dI Xwd ivc iek fwk itkt vI jwrI kIqI geI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI isMG jlMDrI

hrI isMG (1884-9.7.1966) SRomxI AkwlI dl dw sInIAr AwgU sI[ auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy pihly mYNbrW ivcoN iek sI[ aus ny cwbIAW dw morcw (1921) Aqy gurU-dw-bwZ morcw (1922) ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ 13 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn jd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl nUM ZYr-kwnUMnI krwr id`qw igAw qW hornW AwgUAW dy nwl aus nUM vI igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[26 jnvrI 1926 dy idn jd keI AkwlI AwgU gurduAwrw AYkt ’qy Aml krn dI Srq mMnx mgroN irhw kr id`qy gey qW aus ny ieh Srq mMnx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ A^Ir aus nUM iqMn swl dI kYd mgroN 27 sqMbr 1926 dy idn irhw kIqw igAw sI[

irhweI mgroN aus ny isAwsq ivc ih`sw lYxw Gtw id`qw[ aus ny jlMDr ivc ‘rwj mihl hotl’ bxwieAw Aqy ikqwbW dI iek dukwn SurU kIqI[ auh is`K nYSnl kwlj lwhOr Aqy Kwlsw kwlj jlMDr dI pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr sI[ 1933 ivc jd is`K jQybMdIAW ivc bhuq izAwdw n&rq SurU ho geI qW aus ny hor ivdvwnW Aqy pMQ drdIAW nwl iml ky ‘gursyvk sBw’ nW dw iek gru`p kwiem kr ky ies Put nUM dUr krn dIAW koiSSW ivc ih`sw pwieAw[ ies mgroN vI aus ny isAwsq ivc ih`sw nw ilAw[ AwpxI mOq qoN kuJ smW pihlW aus ny AwpxI jwiedwd vwsqy iek trst bxw id`qw qW jo aus ivcoN hox vwlI AwmdnI nUM smwijk BlweI dy kMmW ’qy ^rc kIqw jw sky.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI isMG flyvwlIAw

1716 ivc bMdw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN bhuq swry is`K jQy muZlW dy i^lw& jUJ rhy sn[ ienHW ivc s. hrI isMG flyvwlIAw dw jQw vI sI[ hOlI-hOlI ienHW jiQAW dI igxqI 65 qk phuMc geI[ 29 mwrc 1748 dy idn hoey srb`q Kwlsw dy iek`T ny swry 65 jiQAW ƒ 11 imslW ivc vMfx dw gurmqw kIqw[ hr iek imsl dI kmwn iek jQydwr ƒ sONpI geI[ hrI isMG dw jQw flyvwlIAw imsl dw ih`sw bixAw[ ies dw muKI gulwb isMG nUM bxwieAw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI isG B`t

BweI hrI isMG 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc ShId hox vwly cwlHI is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ hrI isMG BweI bohQ B`t dw bytw, ShId BweI kIrq B`t dw poqw Aqy BweI BIKw B`t dw pVpoqw sI[ auh bohQ dy iqMnW byitAW ivcoN dUjy QW ‟qy sI[

guru goibMd isMG swihb dI ShIdI mgroN bwbw bMdw isMG v`loN pMjwb ƒ Awzwd krvw ley jwx dI ^br jdoN muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ƒ imlI qW auh Awp iek v`fI &Oj lY ky pMjwb v`l c`l ipAw[ aus ny 10 dsMbr 1710 dy idn ieh hukm vI jwrI kr id`qw ik gurU nwnk nwm lyvw (is`K) j`Qy vI imlx PV ky kql kr id`qy jwx[ ies hukm dI qwmIl krn vwsqy mulqwn dy Awly-duAwly dy ielwky dy srkwrI AihlkwrW ny 40 dy krIb is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ieh igR&qwrIAW julweI Aqy Agsq 1711 ivc kIqIAW geIAW sn[ ienHW swirAW ƒ lwhOr dy nyVy ipMf Awlovwl ivc ilAWdw igAw ij`Qy ik bwdSwh bhwdr Swh TihirAw hoieAw sI[ bwdSwh dy hukm hyT aunHW nUM kwzI dI Adwlq ivc pyS kIqw igAw[ aunHW ƒ “ieslwm Aqy mOq” ivcoN iek cuxn vwsqy AwiKAw igAw[ jdoN aunHW ny muslmwn bxnoN nWh kr id`qI qW aunHW ƒ lwlc Aqy Pyr qsIhy id`qy gey[ ieh qsIhy lgwqwr iqMn mhIny id`qy jWdy rhy[ jdoN auh iPr vI nw foly qW aunHW ƒ ijaUNdy zmIn ivc g`f ky mwr id`qw igAw[ ienHW cwlHIAW ivc ieh hrI isMG vI sI[ hrI isMG dy nwl aunHW dy do Brw kyso isMG qy dysw isMG Aqy dysw isMG dy iqMny dy iqMny pu`qr qwrw isMG, syvw isMG qy dyvw isMG Aqy iek BqIjw nrbUd isMG vI Swiml sn[ienHW cwlHIAW dy kql krn sbMDI hukm dw hvwlw muZl bwdSwh bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dy drbwr dy irkwrf „A^bwrwq-ie-drbwr-ie-muA`lw‟ ivcoN vI iml jWdw hY:

Sabrah Khan Kotwal was told that about forty banjaras who were Nanak-worshippers had been brought in the premises of kotwali from the areas surrounding Multan. If they embraced Islam that would be better otherwise they should be killed. The emperor was informed that they did not change the path of infidelity. They were ordered to be killed.” (10 Ramzan, A.H. 1123, i.e. 11 October 1711).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI isMG BMgI

1716 ivc bMdw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN bhuq swry is`K jQy muZlW dy i^lw& jUJ rhy sn[ ienHW ivc s. hrI isMG dw jQw vI sI[ 14 AkqUbr 1745 dy idn jd swry is`K &OjI j`iQAW nUM jQybMd kIqw qy qIh j`Qy bxwey gey qW iek jQy dw muKI ieh vI bxwieAw igAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI ienHW jiQAW dI igxqI 65 qk phuMc geI[ 29 mwrc 1748 dy idn hoey srb`q Kwlsw dy iek`T ny swry 65 jiQAW ƒ 11 imslW ivc vMfx dw gurmqw kIqw[ hr iek imsl dI kmwn iek jQydwr ƒ sONpI geI[ hrI isMG dw jQw BMgI imsl dw ih`sw bixAw[ ies dw muKI hrI isMG nUM hI bxwieAw igAw sI[1748 ivc ies ny cVHq isMG sukrckIAw, j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw qy jY isMG knHeIAw dy j`iQAW nwl iml ky nUrpur irAwsq ’qy kbzw kIqw sI[ nvMbr 1760 ivc lwhOr ’qy hmlw krn vwlI &Oj dI AgvweI krn vwly muKIAW ivcoN vI auh iek sI[ 5 &rvrI 1762 dy G`lUGwry dOrwn vI aus ny kmwl dI bhwdrI idKweI sI[ 10 AprYl 1763 dy idn jdoN Kwlsw &OjW dw iek iek`T Akwl buMgy dy mUhry ho irhw sI qW ksUr dw iek bRwhmx pyS hoieAw sI Aqy Arz kIqI sI ik ksUr dw hwkm ausmwn ^wn aus dI bIvI ƒ cu`k lY ky igAw hY[ hrI isMG BMgI ny iek dm aus bRwhmx dI mdd krn vwsqy ‘hW’ kr id`qI sI[ies lVweI ivc hzwrW A&Zwn mwry gey qy sYNkVy is`K vI ShId hoey sn[

hrI isMG dw muK fyrw iglvwlI ipMf ivc sI[ mgroN auh AMimRqsr ivc rihx l`g ipAw sI[ aus dIAW pihlIAW ij`qW sn: isAwlkot, kiVAwl, mIrovwl vZYrw[ aus ny cinEt Aqy JMg ’qy vI hmly kIqy[ aus ny lwhOr qoN iqMn iklomItr dUr kot seIAd ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ ieh auh iklHw sI ijs ivc lwhOr dy A&Zwn sUbydwr Kvwjw AbYd ny Asly dw stwk r`iKAw hoieAw sI[ hrI isMG BMgI nUM srdwr jhwn ^wn dI bxweI qop (mgroN BMgIAW vwlI qop) ie`QoN hI imlI sI[ aus ny mgroN bhwvlpur dw Awlw duAwlw vI ij`q ilAw[ aus ny sWdlbwr dw kihlvwV iklHw vI ij`q ilAw pr iek l`K rupY swlwnw dw nzrwnw dyx dI sUrq ivc ies dy pihly mwlkW nUM moV id`qw[ aus dy swQIAW ny rwvlipMfI vI ij`q leI[ aus ny 12 hzwr dI &oj nwl jMmU ’qy hmlw kr ky ie`QoN dy rwjy rxjIq dyv nUM vI Awpxy hyT ilAw ky nzrwnw vsUilAw[

1765 ivc jd Awlw isMG pitAwlw ny Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dI ZulwmI kbUl kIqI qW hrI isMG BMgI dI kmwn hyT Kwlsw &OjW ny Awlw isMG ƒ du`rwnI dI gulwmI kbUl krn dI szw dyx vwsqy kUc kr id`qw[ pr, j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny Awlw isMG qoN muAw&I mMgvw ky hmlw rok idqw[ hrI isMG dI mOq pitAwlw ’qy ies hmly dOrwn golI l`gx nwl hoeI[ hrI isMG dy do pqnIAW qoN pMj pu`qr sn: JMfw isMG, gMfw isMG, dysU isMG, dIvwn isMG qy cVHq isMG[ 1763 ivc hrI isMG dI mOq mgroN JMfw isMG imsl dw jQydwr bixAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI rwm Xwdv

BweI hrI rwm Xwdv pu`qr nwiek hrbMs lwl Xwdv (jo BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dw irSqydwr sI) gvwlIAr dy iklHy dw drogw sI[ auh gurU swihb dw SrDwlU sI[ jd gurU jI iklHy ivc kYd sn qW BweI gurdws, bwbw bu`Fw, BweI b`lU, BweI iprwnw, BweI kIrqIAw Awid gurU jI nUM imlx AwauNdy rihMdy sn[ auh swry iesy kol TihirAw krdy sn qy auh ienHW dI bhuq syvw kirAw krdw sI[ ies dy rwhIN hI gurU jI ny 26 AkqUbr 1619 dy idn 52 klIAW vwlw colw islvw ky, iklHy ivc kYd swry rwjy iklHy ivcoN irhw krvw ley sn[ ieh irhweIAW 26 AkqUbr 1619 dy idn hoeIAW sn[ irhweI mgroN gurU swihb Aqy bwkI rwjy iek rwq iesy hir rwm Xwdv dI hvylI ivc rhy sn ij`Qy aus rwq aus (hrI rwm) ny dIpmwlw kIqI sI[ies dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY: “nwiek hrI rwm drogw, bytw nwiek hrbMs lwl kw, cMdrbMsI jwdv, bVHqIAw knwvq, ny bMdI-CoV gurU hirgoibMd jI ky bMDn-mukq hony kI KusI myN dIpmwlw kI[ eyk idvs hrI rwm ky gRih myN invws kr ky guAwlIAr sy ibdwiegI lI[ rwsqy kw pMD mukwie Awgry Awie invws kIAw” (B`t vhI jwdobMsIAW bVqIAW kI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI rwm gupqw

hrI rwm gupqw (1902-28.3.1992) dw jnm BUryvwl (izlHw AMbwlw, hirAwxw) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny muuFlI ividAw ipMf ivcoN hwisl kIqI[ ies mgroN aus ny pMjwb XUnIvristI lwhOr qoN AYm.ey. ihstrI dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI[ 1937 ivc aus nUM is`K imslW qy Koj krn kr ky pI-AYc. fI. dI ifgrI hwisl hoeI[ ies mgroN aus nUM AY&.sI. kwlj lwhOr ivc ihstrI dw lYkcrr lwieAw igAw[ ies smyN ivc aus ny is`K ihstrI sbMDI hor ikqwbW vI ilKIAW[ aus dy ies swry Koj kwrj kr ky, 1944 ivc aus nUM fI. ilt. dI ifgrI id`qI geI[ pMjwb dI vMf mgroN 1947 ivc aus nUM XUnIvristI kwlj huiSAwrpur ivc pRo&sr Aqy ihstrI mihkmy dw muKI lwieAw igAw[ 1960 ivc aus nUM XUnIvristI ieMstrkSnz dw fIn bxwieAw igAw[ 1963 ivc auh srkwrI nOkrI qoN irtwier hoieAw[ ausy swl dyv smwj kwlj &Irozpur ny aus nUM post grYjUeyt ifpwrtmYNt dw muKI lw id`qw[ ies kwlj qoN auh 1977 ivc rItwier hoieAw[ ies mgroN aus ny Awpxw bwkI smW id`lI ivc ibqwieAw[

hrI rwm gupqw ny AwpxI swrI aumr is`K qvwrI^ sbMDI ikqwbW ilKx ivc bqweI[ aus dIAW muK ikqwbW hyT ilKIAW hn: ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz, st`fIz ien lytr muZl ihstrI Aw& d pMjwb, pMjwb Aw`n d eIv Aw& &st is`K vwr, mrwTwz AYNf pwnIpq, ieMfo pwiksqwn vwr 1965, is`K ihstrI (6 ijldW, 1982 qk). hrI rwm gupqw nUM bhuq swry mYfl, eInwm qy AYvwrf vI imly sn, ijvyN: jwdU nwQ srkwr mYfl, kyNdrI isMG sBw AYvwrf, pMjwb ihstrI kwn&rMs AYvwrf Aqy keI hor[ hrI rwm gupqw ny is`K ieiqhws bwry bhuq ikqwbW ilKIAW pr auh is`KW qoN mwx hwisl nw kr sikAw ikauNik aus dIAW ilKqW AwrIAw smwjI nukqw ingwh qoN ilKIAW hoeIAW sn qy auh keI QW AwpxI AwrIAw smwjI soc nUM C`f nhIN sI sikAw.

(1957 dI qsvIr, K`ibEN s`jy:)
ipRMsIpl iekbwl isMG idEl, fw hrI rwm gupqw, pRo. ikRpwl isMG, fw. gMfw isMG, pRo ikrpwl isMG nwrMg

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI lwl

kwSI (bnwrs/vwrwnsI) vwsI BweI hrI lwl gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk aus nUM Aqy aus dy Brw ikRSn lwl nUM gurU jI ny kwSI dy ielwky ivc is`K Drm dy pRcwr dI syvw sONpI hoeI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI dws suienI

gvwlIAr vwsI BweI hrI dws suienI gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus dw izkr kIqw hY: lSkr BweI qIrQw, guAwlIeyr suienI hirdwsu (vwr 11, paUVI 30)[

ieh hrI dws suienI gvwlIAr iklHy dy drogy hrI rwm Xwdv qoN vKrw sI[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrI cMd lMb

bkwlw (hux bwbw bkwlw) dw rihx vwlw, BweI hrI cMd lMb KqrI gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ 1620 ivc ies ny AwpxI bytI nwnkI dw ivAwh gurU hrgoibMd swihb nwl kIqw sI.

vyKo: nwnkI (mwqw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrIcMd gVHvwl

ieh gVHvwl irAwsq dy rwjy &qh Swh dw iek muKI jrnYl sI[ gurU goibMd isMG jI 1685 qoN 1688 qk pwaUNtw swihb rhy sn[ eyQy rihMidAW, 18 isqMbr 1688 dy idn, gVHvwl dy rwjy &qh Swh ny rwm rwey dy msMd gurb^S dy BVkwaux ’qy gurU jI ’qy ibnw kwrn hmlw kr id`qw[ ies mOky ’qy ipMf BMgwxI ivc bVI zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc gurU swihb ny &qh Swh dIAW POjW ƒ burI qrHW iSksq id`qI[

bhuq swry bMdy mrn ipCoN &qh Swh dIAW &OjW jwn bcwaux vwsqy B`jx lg peIAW qW ies hrI cMd ny qwnHw mwirAw ik jy AsIN hwr ky gey qW swfIAW AOrqW swnUM byiezq krngIAW ik AsIN mu`TI ku Br is`KW qoN hwr Kw ky B`j Awey hW[ ieh kih ky aus ny AwpxI kmwn sMBwl leI Aqy is`Dw gurU jI v`l qIr clwauxy SurU kr id`qy[ aus dy do qIr ^wlI gey qy qIjw gurU jI dI pytI ivc lgw ijs nwl gurU jI nUM zrw ku z^m AwieAw[ gurU jI ny iek qIr hrI cMd vl clwieAw jo AYn inSwny ’qy l`gw qy auh mr igAw Aqy GoVy qoN hyTW Aw if`gw[ ies mgroN swrI &Oj B`j geI[ gurU jI ny is`KW nUM B`jI jWdI &Oj ’qy hmlw krn qoN rok id`qw[BMgwnI ivc ijs QW hrI cMd mirAw sI aus QW ’qy (gurduAwrw qIrgVH qoN hyTW) aus dI smwD Aj vI kwiem hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hwVU ivj

BweI hwVU ivj gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus dw izkr kIqw hY: cqur dwsu, mUlw kpUr, hwVU gwVU ivj ivcwry (vwr 11, paUVI 20)[ aus nwl joVI iek swKI muqwibk iek vwr auh Awpxy swQIAW gwVU ivj, cqur dws kpUr Aqy mUlw kpUr nwl gurU jI kol igAw Aqy kihx l`gw ik gurU nwnk swihb ny iek Sbd ivc ikhw hY ik bMdw ijMnI mrzI koiSS kr lvy pr aus nUM eInwm pRmwqmw dI ^uSI nwl hI imldw hY[ guru jI ny aus nUM d`isAw ik pRmwqmw aunHW nUM rUhwnI igAwn dI b^iSS nhIN krdw ijnHW nUM Awpxy igAwn dw hMkwr huMdw hY, blik aunHW nUM b^iSS krdw hY jo bySk AnpVH hox pr aunHW ivc inmrqw Aqy ivSvws hovy.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hwVI Xwdv

BweI hwVI, BweI l`KI rwey* vxjwrw dw pu`qr, BweI goDU dw poqw, BweI Twkr dw pVpoqw, cMdrbMsI AiqRS Xwdv rwjpUq prvwr ivcoN sI (*BweI l`KI rwey BweI mnI isMG dw shurw sI)[ auh BweI l`KI rwey dy A`TW puqrW (ngwhIAw, hymw, hwVI, hIrw, puMfIAw, b^SI, bwlw, jvwhr) ivcoN qIjy QW ’qy sI)[

11 nvMbr 1675 nUM Swm vyly kwzI dy Aw^rI Pqvy mgroN, j`lwd jlwl-aud-dIn (smwxy vwly) ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nMU qlvwr dy ie`ko vwr nwl ShId kr id`qw[ ies smyN AOrMgzyb dw ieh vI hukm sI ik gurU swihb dI dyh dy cwr tukVy kr ky Sihr dy cwry pwsy ltkw idqy jwx pr hnyrw pY cukw hox kr ky aus dy ies hukm ’qy Aml nw ho sikAw[ auDr BweI jYqw, BweI nwnU rwm, BweI qulsI qy BweI aUdw ny gurU swihb dw sIs cuk ky ilAwaux dI qrkIb bxweI[ BweI jYqw AwpxI tokrI isr ’qy cuk ky lY igAw Aqy rwq dy hnyry ivc gurU swihb dw sIs cuk ilAwieAw[

dUjy pwsy BweI l~KI rwey vxjwrw ny, Awpxy iqMny v`fy puqrW ingwhIAw, hymw qy hwVI dI mdd nwl, gurU swihb dw DV cuk ilAWdw Aqy rwiesInw ipMf ivc Awpxy iek mkwn dy iek ih`sy nUM A`g lw ky (gurduAwrw rkwb gMj vwlI QW ’qy) hI DV dw sskwr kr idqw[ gurU swihb dy DV dy sskwr bwry B~t vhIAW ‘c ieh ieMdrwj imldw hY:
lKIAw bytw goDU kw, ngwhIAw-hymw, hwVI byty lKIey ky, jwdo bMsIey, bVqIey knwauNq, nwiek DUMmw bytw kwnyH kw, qUMmr ibMjlauNq, gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mhl nWvW kI lwS auTwey lwey, swl sqrW sY b~qIs, mMghr sudI C~t, gurUvwr ky idhuM[ dwZ kIAw rsInw gwm myN AwD GrI rYn rhI[

(B~t vhI jwdobMsIAW kI, Kwqw bVqIey knwauNqoN kw).

jd bMdw isMG bhwdr ny muZlW qoN pMjwb Awzwd krvwaux dI muihMm iv`FI qW BweI hwVI vI aus dy nwl irhw Aqy muZlW dy i^lw& lVdy-lVdy A^Ir ShId hoieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hwVI kohlI

lwhOr vwsI BweI hwVI kohlI gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus dw izkr kIqw hY: kwlU nwno rwj duie, hwVI kohlIAW ivc BwrI (vwr 11, paUVI 25)[ sUrq isMG inrmlw ny ‘Bgq rqnwvlI’ ikqwb (ijs bwry aus ny pRcwr kIqw sI ik auh BweI mnI isMG dI ilKI hoeI hY) ivc hwVI kohlI nwl iek swKI joVI hoeI hY ik iek vwr auh Awpxy swQIAW kwlU qy nwno nwl gurU jI kol igAw qy kihx l`gw ik jy kr AsIN gurbwxI dw pwT krdy rhIey pr eImwndwrI vwlw s`cw jIvn nw jIvIey qW kI AsIN mukqI hwisl kr skdy hW qW guru jI ny aus nUM d`isAw ik kIrqn krn nwl qW AwpxI haumY nUM qs`lI imldI hY; ies nwl mukqI nhIN imldI; mukqI qW bwxI dI isiKAw ’qy Aml kIiqAW hI imldI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrgurAnwd isMG

hrgurAnwd isMG (12.3.1908-15.10.1989), pu`qr hrgurdyv isMG mwn, dw jnm bMgw (izlHw nvWSihr) ivc hoieAw sI[ bcpn qoN hI auh Dwrimk ibrqI vwlw sI; ies kr ky jvwn hox mgroN auh AkwlI dl dw ih`sw bx igAw[ 1955 ivc jd pMjwbI sUbw izMdwbwd morcw l`gw qW aus ny AwpxI pqnI bIbI dljIq kOr nUM nwl lY ky ies morcy ivc igR&qwrI id`qI[ 1957 ivc auh bMgw hlky qoN AkwlI-kWgrs sWJI itkt ’qy pMjwb AsYNblI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 1958 ivc jd AkwlI dl ny Awpxy AYm.AYl.eyz nUM kWgrs C`f dyx vwsqy ikhw qW ijnHW pMj mYNbrW ny AsqI&w id`qw aunHW ivcoN auh iek sI[ 1960 ivc aus nUM pMjwbI sUbw morcw ivc igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ aus ny keI mhIny jylH ivc ibqwey[ 1968 ivc aus ny ‘is`K homlYNf’ lihr dI AgvweI kIqI[ jd Kwilsqwn dI lihr c`lI qW auh vI ies dw ih`sw bixAw[

hrgurAnwd isMG bMgw dIAW keI is`K ividAk sMsQwvW dw pRbMDk Aqy gurduAwrw crnkMvl bMgw dw pRDwn vI sI[ auh kuJ smW bMgw imaUNspl kmytI dw pRDwn vI irhw[ 1984 ivc ieMdrw gWDI v`loN drbwr swihb ’qy hmly ny aus nUM bhuq audws kr id`qw qy auh sdw vwsqy ibsqry ’qy pY igAw qy iesy Jory ivc auh cVHweI kr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hirgoibMd swihb, gurU

guru hirgoibMd swihb (19.6.1590-3.3.1644) dw jnm mwqw gMgw Aqy gurU Arjn swihb dy Gr ipMf gurU dI vfwlI (nyVy Cyhrtw swihb) ivc hoieAw[ Awp ny Awpxw bcpn gurU dI vfwlI, gurU dw ck (AMimRqsr) qy goieMdvwl ivc ibqwieAw[ 1604 ivc Awp dw ivAwh dmodrI (bytI nrwiex dws julkw, vwsI f`lw, izlHw kpUrQlw) nwl, 28 mwrc 1620 dy idn nwnkI (bytI hrI cµd lWbw vwsI bkwlw) nwl, 10 julweI 1620 dy idn mhWdyvI (bytI dieAw rwm mrvwhw, vwsI ipµf mµifAwlI) nwl Aqy cOQw ivAwh 1625 ivc bIbI kmlw dyeI (bytI ikSn cMd kumrwau, vwsI p`tI, izlHw qrnqwrn) nwl hoieAw sI[ (ies dy ^wndwn dw pqw nw hox kr ky sUrj pRkwS dy lyKk kvI sMqoK isMG Aqy guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN dy lyKkW gurmuK isMG qy drbwr isMG ny ies nUM ‘kOlW’ bxw id`qw sI)[ Awp dy Gr pMj byitAW (gurid`qw, sUrj m`l, AxI rwie, Atl rwie qy qyZ bhwdr) Aqy iek bytI (vIro) ny jnm ilAw[

25 meI 1606 ƒ Awp ƒ CyvyN gurU QwipAw igAw[ Awp ny 1609 ivc Akwl purK dy q^q dy isDWq nUM pRgt kIqw, Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dy rwjw-jogI dy &ls&y nUM mUrqImwn kridAW is`KI ivc mIrI-pIrI dy iek hox dw AYlwn kIqw[ Awp ny AwiKAw ik is`K iksy duinAwvI hwkm dw Zulwm nhIN ho skdw[ ies kr ky is`K dI v&wdwrI isr& Akwl purK Aqy Akwl purK dy q^q nwl hI ho skdI hY[ iek mIr (duinAwvI hwkm) dw &rz hY ik auh Drm dw rwjw bxy Aqy ienswnI hkUk dw rwKw hovy Aqy hr pIr dw &rz hY ik auh ijQy vI zulm Aqy byiensw&I vyKy, auQy AwpxI jwn ’qy jUJ ky vI h`k qy s`c vwsqy lVy[ aunHW AwiKAw ik hr iek is`K ivc ieh dovyN ^UbIAW hoxIAW cwhIdIAW hn[ iek is`K ivc mIrI qy pIrI dovyN v`K-v`K nhIN blik iek hoxIAW cwhIdIAW hn[

1609 ivc Awp ny gurU dw ck (AMimRqsr) dy duAwly dIvwr Aqy nwl hI iklHw (lohgVH) vI bxwauxw SurU kIqw[ 1612 ivc ieh auswrIAW mukMml ho geIAW [ ienHIN idnI (lwhOr dw swbkw koqvwl) murqzw ^wn lwhOr dw sUbydwr bx cukw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb dIAW kwrvweIAW dI iSkwieq jhWgIr bwdSwh nUM kr idqI[ jhWgIr ny gurU swihb nUM Awpxy drbwr ivc bulw ilAw[ 31 dsMbr 1612 ƒ Awp gurU dw ck (AMimRqsr) qoN id`lI vwsqy cl pey[ jnvrI 1613 ivc muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr ny Awp ƒ 12 swl kYd dw hukm suxw ky iklHw gvwlIAr ivc Byj id`qw igAw[ ies iklHy ivc aus vyly iek sO iek ihMdU rwjy qy Sihzwdy kYd sn[

ies igR&qwrI ip`Cy vDyry kr ky murqzw ^wn (gvrnr lwhOr) Aqy sIhrMd (hux srhMd) dy SYK Aihmd (jo ZYr-muslmwnW nUM bVI n&rq krdw sI) dw h`Q sI, jo jhWgIr nUM gurU swihb dy i^lw& BVkwauNdy rihMdy sn[ 1618 ivc murqzw ^wn mr igAw Aqy aus dI jgHw cinEt vwsI vzIr ^wn lwhOr dw gvrnr bixAw[ SY^ Aihmd srhMdI dw Asr vI jhWgIr ’qy nw irhw[ auDr sweIN mIAW mIr Aqy milkw nUr jhW ny vI jhWgIr ƒ smJwieAw Aqy ‘is`KW dy pIr’ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI irhweI vwsqy zor pwieAw[ A^Ir jhWgIr ny 26 AkqUbr 1619 dy idn Awp ƒ irhwA kr id`qw[ gurU swihb ny bwdSwh qoN ieh vI mMnvw ilAw ik 101 ihMdU rwjy (49 CotIAW kYdW vwly qy 52 lMbIAW kYdW vwly) vI irhwA kIqy jwx[ irhweI mgroN gurU swihb Aqy jhWgIr ivckwr 27 jnvrI 1620 nUM goieMdvwl qy iPr 8 &rvrI nUM klwnOr ivc mulwkwq hoeI[

1620 qoN 1630 qk gurU swihb vDyry kr ky AMimRqsr qy goieMdvwl ivc rhy[ 18 mwrc 1631 ƒ Awp frOlI BweI (izlHw mogw) gey qy nwl hI gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp vI lY gey[ Awp keI mhIny frOlI ivc rhy qy iPr Drm pRcwr vwsqy A`gy cl pey[ Awp ny gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp krqwrpur (jlMDr) Byj id`qw[ ies ip`CoN kuJ icr Awp Pyr AMimRqsr Aw ky rhy[ 1634 ivc lwhOr dy swbk sUbydwr vzIr ^wn cinEtI dI mOq ho geI[ ies mgroN lwhOr drbwr ny is`KW nwl Pyr duSmxI krnI SurU kr id`qI[ gurU swihb ’qy pihlw ZYr-srkwrI hmlw ruhIlw (hux hirgoibMdpur) ivc 27 sqMbr Aqy 3 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn hoieAw sI, pr aus vyly hmlwvr Bgvwn dws GyrV qy aus dy kuVm cMdU dw pu`qr krm cMd qy aunHW dy swQI muZl &OjI sn[ pr srkwrI qOr ’qy pihlw hmlw 13 ApRYl 1634 dy idn gurU dw ck (AMimRqsr) ’qy hoieAw sI[ ies lVweI ivc muZl &OjW dy jrnYl mwry jwx mgroN &Oj B`j geI sI[ dsMbr 1634 ivc jdoN gurU swihb mihrwj ipMf ruky hoey sn qW muZl &OjW ny l`lw byZ dI kmWf hyT Pyr hmlw kIqw[ ies mgroN gurU swihb krqwrpur Aw gey[ eyQy 26 ApRYl 1635 dy idn gurU swihb dw nmk-hrwm ispwhI pYNdy ^wn, muZl &OjW ƒ cVHw ilAwieAw qy hzwrW swQIAW qy muZl ispwhIAW sxy mwirAw igAw[ ienHW swrIAW lVweIAW ivc BwvyN gurU swihb dI ij`q hoeI pr aunHW mihsUs kIqw ik jMgW nwl Drm pRcwr ivc rukwvt pYNdI hY ies kr ky aunHW ny Awpxy hYfkuAwrtrz jrnYlI sVk qoN dUr kIrqpur ivc bxwaux dw &Yslw kr ilAw[

3 meI 1635 dy idn gurU jI kIrqpur phuMc gey[ Awp Agly nON swl ivcoN bhuqw vkq eyQy hI rhy Aqy ieQoN v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc jWdy rhy[ ies dOrwn keI bwZI rwjy qy hor vfy S^s gurU swihb kol pnwhgIr bx ky rhy[ gurU swihb ny sB ƒ AwpxI ih&wzq ivc r`iKAw[Awp 1644 ivc joqI-joiq smw gey.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hridAwl, lwlw

lwlw hridAwl (1884-1939) pu`qr gOrI dXwl kwiesQ-mwQur dw jnm id`lI ivc hoieAw sI[lwlw hridAwl mwQur iek mUlvwdI bRwhmx prvwr ivcoN sI[ auh 17 swl dI aumr ivc mUlvwdI ihMdU jmwq „Bwrq mwqw soswietI‟ Aqy iPr AwrIAw smwj dw mYNbr bx igAw[ aus ny pMjwb XUnIvristI lwhOr qoN sMsikRq ivc AYm.ey. dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI[ ies dOrwn aus dI nyVqw brqwnvI srkwr dy A&srW nwl ho geI Aqy 1905 ivc srkwr ny aus nUM vzI&w dy ky Awks&orf XUnIvristI ivc Byj id`qw[ pr au~Qy jw ky vI auh AwrIAw smwj dw hI kMm krn lg ipAw ijs kr ky srkwr ny aus dw vzI&w bMd kr id`qw qy aus nUM vwips Awauxw pY igAw[ hux AwrIAw smwjI AwgU lwlw lwjpq rwey ny aus nUM &rWs Byj id`qw ij`Qy auh AwrIAw smwj dy A^bwr „vMdy mwqrm‟ vwsqy kMm krdw irhw[ pr AwrIAw smwj qoN aus nUM kw&I mdd nhIN imldI sI ies kr ky auh hor kMm l`Bx lg ipAw[ ies dOrwn AwrIAw smwj ny pMfq prmw nMd (mgroN auh ihMdU mhW sBw dw pRDwn vI bixAw) nUM aus vl ByijAw[ prmw nMd ny aus nUM iPr mnw ilAw Aqy AwrIAw smwj dy pRcwr vwsqy AmrIkw Byj id`qw[ lwlw hridAwl ny AmrIkw dy v`K v`K SihrW ivc, v`K v`K jQybMdIAW ivc Swiml ho ky AwrIAw smwj dw pRcwr kIqw[ dsMbr 1912 ivc aus ny XugWqr AwSrm dI nINh r`KI[ ies dw inSwnw AwrIAw Drm dw pRcwr krnw sI[

ienHIN idnI hI aus ny vyiKAw ik AmrIkw ivc is`K bhuq sOKy hn Aqy aunHW kol kw&I srmwieAw vI hY[ 1912 ivc ie`QoN dy is`KW ny pMjwb dy is`KW ny ividAw dy nwl-nwl AwzwdI qy ZulwmI dw &rk idKwaux vwsqy iek pRwjYkt soicAw[ aunHW ny BweI jvwlw isMG T`TIAW, BweI sµqoK isMG, bwbw ivswKw isMG vZYrw dI AgvweI hyT 15 &rvrI 1912 dy idn stwktn ivc mIitMg kIqI qy ies jdojihd dy ih`sy vloN pMjwb ‟coN ku`J nOjvwnW ƒ AmrIkw ivc pVHweI krn vwsqy iqAwr krn leI Cy vzIPy jwrI krn leI &µf iek`Tw kIqw[ ies &µf ivc isrP is`KW ny hI ih`sw pwieAw Aqy kYnyfw qy AmrIkw ivc bYTy AmIr ihMdUAW ny kwxI kaufI q`k vI dyxoN nWh kr id`qI[ auDr hridAwl qy hor ihMdUAW ny ip`Cy AwrIAw smwjIAW nwl rwbqw kwiem kr ky ienHW vzIi&AW vwsqy ihMdUAW koloN dr^wsqW idvwaux vwsqy AYkSn krn vwsqy ikhw[ ies kr ky vzIiPAW vwsqy ijMnHW dIAW vI dr^wsqW pu`jIAW auh swry dy swry ihMdU hI sn[

ies dy nwl hI hridAwl ny mihsUs kIqw ik is`KW ivc mulk (pMjwb) dI AwzwdI dI lihr auT rhI hY[ auDr knyfw ivc goirAW v`loN ivqkry nwl vI is`K j`dojihd ivcoN lMG rhy sn[ies swry mwhOl dw &wiedw auTwaux vwsqy hridAwl vrigAW ny ies qihrIk dI “hweIjYikMg” krn dI swizS GVI[ auh ies lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw[ Aqy ikauN ik ies lihr nwl sbMDq swry AwgU mzdUr qy ikswn sn, Aqy auh bhuq vD piVHAw iliKAw S^s sI ies kr ky aus ny swirAW nUM Asr-AMdwz kr ky swrI kmWf Awpxy h`QW ivc lY leI[ Boly pMjwbIAW nUM pqw vI nw l`gw ik aunHW dI lihr ivc ihMdU mUlvwdI AwrIAw smwj dw pRcwr ho irhw hY[ hridAwl dw sB qoN pihlW kMm sI ies lihr dw Zlq nW r`Kxw[ Zdr dw mwAnw hY ZdwrI krnw, nw ik AwzwdI dI lihr jW ienklwb (1857 ivc vI AMgryzW dI rwKI hyTly rjvwiVAW ny AMgryzW nwl kIqy AihdnwimAW dy i^lw& ZdwrI kIqI sI; ies kr ky aus nUM Zdr nW id`qw igAw sI)[ lwlw hridAwl ny ies lihr ivc swrw kuJ AwrIAw smwjIisDWqW muqwibk Brn dI soc hyT ies dw qrwnw „vMdy mwqrm…‟ cuixAw jo ik kwlpink ihMdU dyvI dI ArwDnw dw gIq hY[ iPr aus ny JMfy ivc vI ihMdU dyvI dw inSwn r`iKAw[ aus ny jmwq dw pihlw nW ies nUM ihMdU rUp dyx vwsqy „ihMdUsqwnI AYsosIeySn‟ r`iKAw sI[ Zdr pwrtI dy AwgUAW dIAW ilKqW ivc ihMdUsqwn mulk dw nwArw isr& hridAwl vrgy AwrIAw smwjIAW dI SmUlIAq kr ky sI[ Ajy qk qW Bwrq iek mulk vjoN kwiem hI nhIN hoieAw sI[ aus vyly qk qW ihMdUsqwn XU.pI. qy m`D pRdyS Awid nUM hI kihMdy sn[ isr& 50-60 swl pihlW qW ihMdUsqwnIAW dy nwl rl ky AMgryzW ny pMjwb dys ‘qy kbzw kIqw sI[ iPr Zdr pwrtI AwgUAW/vrkrW dIAW ilKqW ivc iksy AKOqI BwrqI hIro (nw rwxI JWsI, nw qWqIAw topy, nw iksy hor) dw izkr nhIN sI; auh iksy ZYr pMjwbI hIro bwry kuJ vI jwxdy qk nhIN sn qy ies kr ky aunHW dy mn ivc AKOqI BwrqI ivrsy jW qvwrI^ dI g`l Aw hI nhIN skdI sI[ auh isr& bMdw isMG bhwdr, su`Kw isMG-mihqwb isMG, BweI mnI isMG, hrI isMG nlvw, AkwlI &Ulw isMG dI g`l krdy sn[ auh is`K nwiekW vWg qn-mn-Dn nwl kurbwnI krn dI g`l krdy sn; qy, ieh isDWq ihMdUsqwn ivc ikqy mOjUd nhIN sI[

AmrIkw dy sohx isMG Bknw, hrnwm isMG kwlw sµGw, hrnwm isMG tuµfIlwt, krqwr isMG ltwlw, inDwn isMG cu`Gw, jvwlw isMG T`TIAW, ivswKw isMG ddyhr, gurmuK isMG llqoN, aUDm isMG ksyl, ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI , sµqoK isMG vZYrw; iSMGweI dy suµdr isMG, fw: mQrw isMG, ivswKw isMG ddyhr qy s`jx isMG; hWgkWg dy fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw, igAwnI Bgvwn isMG, BweI hrnwm isMG qy BweI ibSn isMG ivcoN iek-A`D nUM C`f ky koeI vI AKOqI BwrqI (nYSnilst), kimaUinst jW smwjvwdI soc vwlw nhIN sI[

lwlw hridAwl iek buzidl bMdw vI sI[ jd AmrIkn srkwr ny vyiKAw ik ieh AjIb iksm dIAW swzSW kr irhw hY qW aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ ikauN ik auh qW ies qy kbzw krn dI soc nwl ies lihr ivc Swiml hoieAw sI nw ik jylH jwx vwsqy; ies kr ky zmwnq ‟qy irhw hox mgroN ieh AmrIkw C`f ky jrmn B`j igAw[ ies qoN mgroN ies ny Zdr lihr v`l ip`Cy muV ky vI nw vyiKAw Aqy iek gory vWg XUrp ivc izMdgI ibqwaux lg ipAw[ hwlW ik auh ies dorwn, jrmn, sivtzrlYNf, svIfn, ieMglYNf qy AmrIkw vI igAw pr aus ny ikqy vI ienklwb jW smwjvwd dI zrw mwsw vI g`l nw CyVI[ (iek hor ivcwr muqwibk auh srkwr nwl iml ky eyjMt bx cukw sI Aqy auh Zdr lihr dw swrw kuJ A^bwrW ivc SryAwm AYlwnW vjoN Cwp ky swrI jwxkwrI srkwr nUM idAw krdw sI)[ AmrIkw ivcoN jwx mgroN lwlw hridAwl BwvyN iek gory vW| p`CmI izMdgI ijaUNdw irhw pr aus dy mn dy AMdr dw AwrIAw smwjI qy bRwhmx hmySw aus dIAW ilKqW ivc kwiem irhw. (vDyry q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr ilKq „is`K qvwrI^‟, Aqy, rwjivMdr isMG rwhI ilKq „Zdr lihr dI AslI gwQw‟).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hridAwl, pMfq

rwey Boie dI qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw swihb) dw vwsI iek puroihq qy joqSI[ irvwieq hY ik gurU nwnk swihb dI jnmpqRI ies ny bxweI sI[ jnmswKIAW muqwibk aus ny ikhw sI ik gurU jI dy isr ’qy Cqr Ju`ilAw krygw Aqy ihMdU qy muslmwn dovyN aus dI pUjw kirAw krngy[ auh iek inrMkwr dy Drm dw pRcwr krygw[ swrI dunIAW ivc aus dw nW hovygw (ieho ijhIAW khwxIAW bRwhmxW ny hr Drm dy AwgU qy hor S^sIAqW bwry GVIAW hoeIAW hn; ienHW dw mksd ieh d`sxw huMdw hY ik bRwhmxW/joqSIAW nUM sB kuJ pihlW hI pqw huMdw hY)[ ieh pMfq hridAwl hI sI ijs nUM 1478 ivc gurU nwnk swihb nUM jnyaU pwaux vwsqy s`idAw igAw sI qy gurU jI ny jnyaU pwaux qoN nWh kr id`qI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hridq isMG milk

hridq isMG milk (23.11.1894-31.10.1985) pu`qr mohn isMG dw jnm rwvlipMfI (pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny AwpxI muFlI isiKAw Awpxy Gr ivc r`Ky ausqwd qoN hwisl kIqI[ sMn 1908 ivc auh ieMglYNf clw igAw ij`Qy auh 1915 qk irhw[ au~QoN aus ny bI.ey. dI ifgrI (Awnrz ien ihstrI sihq) hwisl kIqI[ 1916 ivc aus ny &rYNc rY~f krws ivc nOkrI krnI SurU kr id`qI[ 1917 ivc auh rOiel eyAr &ors ivc pwielt bx igAw[ 1919 ivc auh mulk vwips AwieAw Aqy AweI. sI. AYs. dw iemiqhwn pws kIqw[ 1922 ivc aus nUM Sy^Uprw izlHw (p`CmI pMjwb) dw AisstYNt kimSnr lwieAw igAw[ 1930 ivc aus nUM ifptI tryf kimSnr lwieAw igAw[ 1934 ivc auh kw`mrs minstrI ivc ifptI sYktrI bx igAw[ 1937 ivc aus nUM knyfw ivc tryf kimSnr vjoN qweInwq kIqw igAw[ 1944 ivc aus nUM pitAwlw irAwsq dw pRweIm minstr bxwieAw igAw[ 1947 ivc aus nUM knyfw ivc Bwrq dy hweI kimSnr vjoN qweInwq kIqw igAw[ auh kuJ icr &rWs ivc Bwrq dw AMbYsfr vI irhw[ auh 1957 ivc rItwier hoieAw[ aus ny Awpxw Aw^rI smW id`lI ivc ibqwieAw[

jd 15 Agsq 1961 dy idn mwstr qwrw isMG ny pMjwbI sUbw vwsqy mrn vrq r`iKAw qW auh ny srkwr Aqy AkwlI dl ivckwr ivcoly dw rol Adw kIqw[ pihlI AkqUbr 1961 dy idn mwstr qwrw isMG ny qW aus dy h`QoN jUs pI ky vrq KoilHAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrdws, bwbw

gurU rwm dws jI dy ipqw dw nW (Awp dw nW hrdws, hirdws qy hrI dws iliKAw vI imldw hY)[ ieh prvwr mOjUdw cUnw mMfI lwhOr (pwiksqwn) ivc rihMdw sI[ bwbw hrdws pu`qr mwqw krmo Aqy bwbw Twkr dws (qy poqrw bwbw guridAwl) dw jnm 1496 dw qy mOq 1542 dI hY[ hrdws dI SwdI mwqw dXw kOr nwl hoeI sI, ijs qoN aus dy iqMn b`cy sn: guru rwm dws, hridAwl qy bIbI rwmdwsI[ aus dI mOq vyly (gurU) rwmdws Ajy isr& swFy s`q swl dy sn: kiv kl´, Tkur hrdws qny, gur rwmdws sr ABr Bry (1396, 1397). hor vyKo: hir dws.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrdws isMG

hrdws isMG rwmgVIAw imsl dy mhwn jrnYl mhwrwjw j`sw isMG (1718-20.4.1803) dw dwdw Aqy igAwnI Bgvwn isMG (mOq 1739) dw ipqw sI[ hrdws isMG bwbw bMdw isMG dI &Oj dw Aihm jrnYl sI[ ies prvwr dw ipCokV ipMf sur isMG (izlHw qrnqwrn) dw sI[ mgroN ieh prvwr eIcoigl (izlHw lwhOr) clw igAw sI[ 1706 ivc jd gurU goibMd isMG jI qlvMfI swbo ivc BweI f`lw kol rih rhy sn qW ieh aunHW nUM imlx vwsqy au~Qy igAw sI[ ies mgroN ieh ipMf prq AwieAw sI[ jd bMdw isMG bhwdr ny muZlW dy i^lw& jMg SurU kIqI qW aus ny ienHW swrIAW lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ aus dI mOq 1715 ivc bjvwVw dI lVweI ivc hoeI sI[ aus dI moq mgroN Bgvwn isMG ies imsl dw muKI bixAw sI.

hor vyKo: j`sw isMG rwmgVIAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrcrn isMG huifAwrw

hrcrn isMG huifAwrw dw jnm ipMf huifAwrw (qihsIl brkI, izlHw lwhOr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwnI ivc pYr DridAW hI auh AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[

1955 ivc auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw qy aus nUM mIq pRDwn dw Ahudw id`qw igAw[ 10 meI 1955 dy idn pMjwbI sUbw izMdwbwd morcw SurU ho igAw 11 meI dy idn aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy auh keI mhIny jylH ivc irhw[ 1956 ivc rIjnl &wrmUlw pws ho jwx mgroN jd AkwlI dl nUM kWgrs ivc Swiml krn dI g`l c`lI qW pihlW qW aus ny ies dI BrpUr mu^wl&q kIqI pr 2 AkqUbr 1956 dy idn jd ies sbMDI AjIq isMG srhdI ny mqw pyS kIqw qW aus ny ies dI qweId kIqI[ 1960 ivc jd pMjwbI sUbw morcw l`gw qW auh igR&qwr hox dI bjwie drbwr swihb ivc Aw igAw[ AkqUbr dy A`D qk 35 hzwr qoN v`D lok jylHW ivc jw cu`ky sn[ ienHW idnW ivc drjn dy krIb is`KW dIAW ShIdIAW qy sYNkVy is`KW dy z^mI ho jwx mgroN morcy dw pYNqVw bdlx dIAW g`lW clx lg peIAW sn[ 29 AkqUbr 1960 dy idn hrcrn isµG huifAwrw ny pµjwbI sUby vwsqy mrn vrq r`Kx dI pySkS kIqI[ies swrI hwlq ƒ swhvyN r`KidAW morcy dy ifktytr Pqih isµG gMgwngr ny 29 AkqUbr dy idn mµjI swihb qoN AYlwn kIqw ik “mYN 18 dsµbr 1960 dy idn pµjwbI sUby vwsqy mrn vrq SurU kr dyvWgw[” Pqih isµG ny mrn vrq r`Kx vyly iek „morcw kmytI‟ bxw id`qI qy swrw cwrj ies kmytI ƒ dy id`qw[ ies morcw kmytI ivc hrcrn isµG huifAwrw, AjIq isµG bwlw, pRo. sqbIr isµG, pRIqm isµG SrINh, guridAwl isµG, jIvn isµG aumrwnµgl qy jgIr isµG biTµfw Swiml sn[hOlI-hOlI auh morcy dy ifktytr Pqh isMG gMgwngr dy bhuq nyVy Aw igAw[ 9 jnvrI 1961 dy idn jd Pqh isMG ny vrq C`fxw sI qW svyry 9 vjy dI bjwie swFy A`T vjy hI vrq qoV id`qw[ ig: cyq isµG ny „cWdI dy iglws ivc‟ PlW dw rs ipAw ky Pqih isµG dw vrq KulHvwieAw[ sµgqW jdoN phuµcIAW qW auhnW bhuq nrwzgI idKweI ikauNik vrq 9 vjy sµgq dI mnzUrI nwl KulHxw sI[ lokW ny hrcrn isµG huifAwrw ƒ D`ky mwry ikauN ik auh huifAwry ƒ mu`K izµmydwr smJ rhy sn[ (iesy idn Pqih isµG dy vrq ^qm hox dI „KuSI ivc‟ drbwr swihb ivc AwiqSbwzI clweI geI Aqy dIpmwlw kIqI geI)[ 10 mwrc 1961 ƒ mwstr qwrw isMG SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbµDk kmytI dy Pyr pRDwn cuxy gey[ ies qoN ibnW AjIq isµG bwlw qy ikrpwl isµG Syry vwlw mIq pRDwn, gurbKS isµG jnrl sk`qr Aqy bldyv isµG mwhlpurI, swDU isµG BOrw, hrcrn isµG huifAwrw, aumrwnµgl, gurcrn isµG tOhVw AYZzYkitv dy mYˆbr cuxy gey[ ies mgroN 15 Agsq 1961 dy idn mwstr qwrw isMG ny mrn vrq r`iKAw Aqy ibnw Srq mnvwey 1 AkqUbr nUM C`f id`qw[ ies dw lokW ivc bhuq mwVw Asr igAw[

Pqih isµG dw vrq Zlq ^qm hoieAw Aqy mwstr qwrw isµG dw vI[ ksUr Pqih isµG, mwstr qwrw isµG, hrcrn isMG huifAwrw, jIvn isMG aumrwnµgl, mohn isMG quV, lCmx isMG ig`l, pRo. sqbIr isµG, pRIqm isµG SrINh, iSv isµG JwvW, rwm isµG, guridAwl isµG gµgwngr Aqy hor keIAW dw sI[20 nvµbr 1961 dy idn lCmx isMG ig`l, hrcrn isMG huifAwrw, tOhVw, iSvdrSn isµG, jgIr isµG pUhlw vZYrw SRomxI kmytI dy AYZzYkitv mYNbrW Aqy AkwlI dl dy 101 fYlIgytW ny mwstr qwrw isµG qoN irtwier hox dI mµg kIqI[ A^Ir mwstr Aqy Pqih isµG vloN vrq C`fy jwx dw mslw pµj isMGW A`gy pyS kr id`qw igAw[ ieh pµj sn: A`Cr isµG, ig: Buipµdr isµG, cyq isµG, ikRpwl isµG Aqy Srm isµG[

25 qwrI^ ƒ ienHW pµjW ny hrid`q isµG milk, gurnwm isµG, gurb^S isµG, Pqih isµG, hrcrn isMG huifAwrw, aumrwnµgl, aujwgr isµG aul&q vZYrw ƒ 28 nvµbr 1961 ƒ Akwl buMgy mUhry hwizr hox vwsqy s`idAw[29 nvµbr 1961 ƒ pµj ipAwirAW ny Awpxw &Yslw suxwieAw[ ies Anuswr mwstr qwrw isMG, Pqih isMG Aqy vrq Cufwaux vwlI swrI vrikµg kmytI, sxy hrcrn isMG huifAwrw, ƒ szw id`qI geI[30 nvµbr 1961 ƒ SRomxI kmytI dI pRDwngI dI cox SurU hox ‟qy huifAwrw Awpxy 70 swQIAW smyq au~T ky clw igAw Aqy bwkI 74 mYNbrW ny mwstr ƒ pRDwn cux ilAw[ jdoN bwkI AhudydwrW dI cox hox l`gI qW swry 144 mYNbr hwzr sn[ ies ivc Syryvwlw sInIAr mIq pRDwn, huifAwrw mIq pRDwn, lCmx isMG ig`l jnrl sk`qr cuxy gey[ ies dy bwvjUd AkwlI dl ivc Put kwiem rhI[ A^Ir 22 julweI 1962 ƒ mwstr qwrw isµG dy mu^wil&W dI ieh knvYnSn mu`lWpur ivc hoeI[ ies dI pRDwngI Pqih isµG ny kIqI[ ies knvYnSn nwl AkwlI dl dy do tukVy ho gey[ mgroN Agsq 1963 ivc Pqih isµG AkwlI dl ivc vI Pu`t pY geI[ 31 Agsq 1963 ƒ hrcrn isµG huifAwrw ny AkwlI dl dI mIq pRDwngI qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw[ huifAwrw, hzwrw isµG igl Aqy sqbIr isµG ny doS lwieAw ik Pqih isµG dy swQIAW dy kWgrs nwl sbµD hn Aqy Pqih isµG lCmx isµG ig`l dI kTpuqlI vWg hY[

1967 ivc huifAwrw AYm.AYl.ey cuixAw igAw[ pMjwb ivc AkwlI dl ny ZYr kWgrsI pwrtIAW nwl iml ky srkwr bxweI[ 24 meI 1967 ƒ AsYNblI ivc iek nvW gru`p bx igAw ijs ivc mhwrwjw pitAwlw dI lIfrI hyT fwktr jgjIq isµG, PkIr cµd, drbwrw isµG mlsIAW, ibSµBr nwQ, iSgwrw isµG, mhµq rwm pRkwS, sRdwrw isµG kohlI, rwjw nirµdr isµG Swiml sn[ 24 meI ƒ 1967 dy idn hrcrn isµG huifAwrw qy hzwrw isµG igl ny nvW AkwlI dl bxw ky Pqih isµG AkwlI dl qy AkwlI dl (mwstr) dI mu^wl&q krn dw AYlwn kIqw[ huifAwry ny iek ibAwn ivc ikhw ik sWJy morcy dI srkwr is`K mu^wil& q`qW nwl BrI hoeI hY[

1968 qoN bwAd AkwlI dl ivc bhuq swry nvyN ichry Awey ijs nwl auh hwSIey ‟qy pY igAw qy ieM\ keI swl gumnwmI hMfwx mgroN 1993 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrcMd isMG lwielpurI

hrcMd isMG lwielpurI (1887- 20.2.1954) pu`qr s. Arjn isMG dw jnm ipMf sur isMG (hux izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN ieh prvwr lwielpur clw igAw sI[ hrcMd isMG ny bhuq imhnq kr ky bhuq pYsw kmwieAw[ auh Dwrimk qy smwijk kMmW ivc bhuq ih`sw ilAw krdw sI[ 14 jnvrI 1914 dy dn jd brqwnvI srkwr ny vwiesrwey dI koTI (hux rwStrpqI Bvn) qky is`DI sVk k`Fx vwsqy gurduAwrw rkwbgMj id`lI dI bwhrlI kMD Fwh id`qI[ srkwr ny aus zgh bdly is`KW nUM iksy hor jgh zmIn dyx dI pySkS kIqI[ aus vyly cI& Kwlsw dIvwn hI is`KW dI muK jQybMdI sI; pr aunHW ny srkwr nwl tkrwA dI bjwie cu`p v`t r`KI Aqy AMdroN-AMdrIN sOdybwzI krdy rhy[ ies hwlq ivc s. hrcMd isMG ny Awvwz auTweI[ 10 qoN 12 ApRYl 1914 nUM cI& Kwlsw dIvwn v`loN „is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs‟ jlMDr ivc hoeI[hrcMd isMG Aqy aus dy swQI mwstr suMdr isMG ny ies kwn&rMs ivc gurduAwrw rkwb gMj dI dIvwr dw mslw auTwaux dI koiSS kIqI qW srkwr p`KI cODrIAW ny aus nUM bolx nw id`qw Aqy puils dI mdd nwl aus nUM smwgm ivcoN jbrI bwhr k`F id`qw[ ies mgroN ienHW ny jlµDr stySn ‟qy Aw ky iek jlsw kr ky lokW ƒ hwlwq d`sy Aqy gurduAwrw rkwb gµj dI kµD muV auswrn dI mµg kIqI[ ies ‟qy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny mjbUrI ivc 3 meI 1914 ƒ AµimRqsr ‟c kuJ Kws is`KW dw iek`T bulwieAw[ ies iek`T ivc 245 pqvµqy Swiml hoey[ ienHW ivc bhuqy jwgIrdwr jW srkwr p`KI sn[ ies mIitµg ny rOly-gOly ivc Cy mqy pws kIqy[ ieh mqy srkwr A`gy imµnqW vrgy sn[ ijvyN ik:
“bVI inmrqw nwl srkwr dI syvw ivc bynqI kIqI jWdI hY ik srkwr gurduAwry dI zmIn Aqy gurduAwry dI bwhrlI kµD ƒ pihlI AslI hwlq ivc kwiem kr dyvy[ pr jy srkwr kuJ zrUrI kwrnW kr ky aus dSw ƒ bdlxw cwhy qd ies kmytI dI rwie ivc ieh qW pRvwn krn dy Xog hovygI ik gurduAwry dI zmIn dy rkby ƒ Gtwey ibnW ies swfI QW ƒ ies Fµg nwl ivaUNq idqI jwvy ik gurduAwrw ies ivckwr Aw jwvy Aqy ies dy dohIN pwsIN sVkW lµGdIAW hox[ ieh swrw kMm is`KW dI iek pRbMDk kmytI dI ingrwnI ivc hovy, ijs nUM srkwr ies kMm leI mwlI mdd dyvy[”

dUjy mqy rwhIN srkwr nUM Arz kIqI geI ik “idn rwq is`KW nUM gurduAwrw rkwb gMj ivc Awaux qy Tihrn dI KulH hovy[ 7 muKI is`KW dI iek kmytI bxweI jwey jo gurduAwrw rkwb gMj Aqy nvIN id`lI dy hor gurduAwirAW dI dyK Bwl Aqy pRbMD kry[ gurduAwirAW dy ^rc nUM clwaux vwsqy rwiesInw ipMf dI zmIn dy bdly srkwr kw&I nihrI zmIn dyvy[”

ieho ijhy iF`ly mqy srkwr ny mnzUr kr lYxy sn, pr ieh g`l nhIN sI mµnxI ik gurduAwry dy nwl lgdI zmIn ijauN dI iqauN hI rihx id`qI jwvy[ srkwr ies g`l vwsqy qW pihloN hI iqAwr sI ik zmIn dy brwbr dI zmIn dy id`qI jwvy[ srkwr ny bwrI doAwb ivc 30 mur`by zmIn dyxI mMn vI leI[ cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dw mqw srkwr dI pySkS dI hI qrjmwnI krdw sI, pr Awm is`K nhIN mµndy sn[ ies mqy dw mqlb sw& sI ik „srkwr ƒ dIvwr bxwaux dI koeI zrUrq nhIN qy ijµnI zmIn srkwr ny lYxI hovy lY lvy qy iksy hor pwisEN dy dyvy[‟ ieh qW is`DI srkwr dI ihmwieq sI[

ies dy i^lw& hrcMd isMG lwielpurI qy aus dy swQIAW ny bVw rOlw pwieAw pr cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny ienHW dI zrw vI pRvwh nw kIqI[ 31 meI 1914 ƒ lwhOr dI lµfy mµfI ivc is`K muKIAW dw iek v`fw iek`T hoieAw[ ies iek`T ivc Swiml hox vwilAW hornW AwgUAW ivc hrcµd isµG, mw: suµdr isµG, mw: qwrw isµG, mw: moqw isµG, BweI rxDIr isµG vI sn[ ies jlsy qoN bwAd keI hor QWvW ‟qy vI jlsy hoey ijnHW ivc cI& Kwlsw dIvwn Aqy srkwr dI inµdw kIqI geI[ ies sbµD ivc hr pwsy pRotYst iek`T hoey[

Agsq 1914 ivc pihlI jµg SurU ho geI[ lwielpur dy ifptI kimSnr ny hrcµd isµG lwielpurI ƒ bulw ky ikhw „hux jµg SurU ho cukw hY, qusIN rkwb gµj dI jdojihd bµd kr idE[ srkwr ny kµD FwhuxI bµd kr id`qI hY[ ies ƒ muV ky ikvyN cVwauxw hY? ieh g`l jµg dy Kwqmy mgroN is`K nuµmwieµidAW dI slwh nwl &Yslw kr ky kr id`qI jwvygI[‟ hrcµd isµG lwielpurI srkwrI vwAdw lY ky vkqI qOr ‟qy cup kr gey[ so, aus vyly morcw lgdw-lgdw rih igAw[ nvµbr 1918 ivc jµg mu`k geI pr srkwr ny gurduAwrw rkwb gµj dI dIvwr nw bxweI[ (mgroN ieh dIvwr dsMbr 1920 ivc audoN bxI jdoN is`KW ny iek ShIdI jQw iljw ky Awp kMD bxwaux dw AYlwn kIqw)[

jMg ^qm hox mgroN srkwr ny iek hor ienwm „rOlt AYkt‟ bxw ky id`qw[ ies dy nwl hI 13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc jnrl rYijnl AYfvrf hYrI fwier ny byvjh golIAW clw ky 379 bµdy ShId qy 1137 z^mI kr ky nvIN BwjI pw id`qI[ mwrSl lwA hyTW bhuq swry lok igR&qwr kIqy gey[

A^Ir 23 julweI 1919 dy idn mwrSl lwA vwips lY ilAw igAw[ mwrSl lwA mu`kx mgroN, ihµdUAW ny kWgrs Aqy muslmwnW ny muslm lIg ƒ jQybµd krnw SurU kr id`qw[ ieDr, gurduAwrw rkwb gµj dy msly ‟qy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn is`KW ‟coN AwpxI swK guAw bYTw sI[ ies hwlq ivc is`KW ny iek nvIN jQybµdI dI zrUrq mihsUs kIqI[ ies dy nqIjy vjoN 27 dsµbr 1919 dy idn is`K lIg (mgroN sYNtrl is`K lIg) kwiem hoeI[is`K lIg BwvyN dsµbr 1919 ivc kwiem ho geI sI pr ies ny isAwsI jW Dwrimk p`KoN koeI kwrvweI nw kIqI[ cwr pµj mhIny lµG jwx mgroN vI is`K lIg Ajy isr& kwZzI jQybµdI sI[ dUjy pwsy, sµjIdw is`K AwgU gurduAwirAW dI inGrI hoeI hwlq qoN vI pRySwn sn[ v`K-vK ielwikAW ivc is`K AwgU gurduAwirAW dw ieµqzwm TIk krvwaux vwsqy ivcwrW kr rhy sn[ies mwhOl ivc 1920 dIAW grmIAW ivc sµjIdw is`K AwgUAW ny pµjwb dy v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc AµimRq pRcwr dI lihr clweI sI[ ienHW ny ies dy nwl hI is`KW dI Dwrimk Aqy isAwsI hwlq bwry ivcwrW vI kIqIAW[ gurduAwirAW dI hwlq dw crcw vI cilAw[ KMfy dI pwhul lY ky iqAwr-br-iqAwr hoey isµG hux tolIAW bxw ky ipµfW qoN SihrW v`l inklx l`gy[ KulHw dwhVw, h`Q ivc ikrpwn, hr srgrm is`K dI izµdgI dw ih`sw bx geI[

pihlI meI 1920 dy idn hrcµd isµG lwielpurI, mwstr suµdr isµG, srdUl isµG kvISr, ig: hIrw isµG drd qy aunHW dy swQI lwhOr iek`Ty hoey Aqy rozwnw „AkwlI‟ A^bwr k`Fx dw &Yslw kIqw[ aunHW ny ieh nW AkwlI PUlw isMG dy KwVkU hox dI soc nwl cuixAw sI[ ieh g`l kwbly-ZOr hY ik audoN qk bwbw dIp isMG dw nW eynw mShUr nhIN sI (vrnw koeI AKOqI tkswl vwly aus dw nW hI suJwA dyNdy)[ 21 meI 1920 dy idn pihlw prcw CipAw[ pihly idn qoN hI AkwlI A^bwr is`K pµQ ivc hridl-AzIz ho igAw[ „AkwlI‟ A^bwr ny sB qoN v`fw &wiedw ieh phuµcwieAw ik dUr-durwfy bYTy, iekly-iek`ly is`K AwgU Aqy vrkr, iek dUjy nl juV gey[ ies A^bwr vwsqy sB qoN vD rkm hrcMd isMG ny hI idqI sI[

„AkwlI‟ A^bwr ny kmwl dw rol Adw kIqw[ CyqI hI hr pwsy „AkwlI-AkwlI‟ Aqy „Akwl-Akwl‟ hox l`g peI[ AkwlI A^bwr nwl sYNkVy qy iPr hzwrW is`K iek dUjy nwl juV gey[ ienHW swirAW ƒ Acwxk „AkwlI‟ AwiKAw jwx l`g ipAw[ ienHW vrkrW dI pµQ ivc lwswnI QW bx geI[ hOlI-hOlI, hr pwsy, nIlIAW p`gW qy ikrpwnW vwly AkwlI nzr Awaux l`g pey[ swrw is`K pµQ ienHW dy AwKy ‟qy Pul cVHwaux vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw sI[ smu`cw „is`K homlYNf‟ hux „AkwlI‟ bxdw jwpx l`g ipAw[ ies mwhOl ivc iek An-AYlwnI „AkwlI lihr‟ cl peI[

auDr is`K lIg dw dUjw iejlws 20-21 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ lwhOr ivc hoieAw[ ies ivc srkwr pRsq AwgUAW dI QW pMQk soc dy AwgUAW ny is`K lIg dI syvw sMBwl leI[ pihly idn dy sYSn ivc hrcµd isµG lwielpurI ny kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy Aqy Zdr pwrtI dy kuJ is`KW ƒ styj ‟qy bulw ky aunHW dI pCwx krvweI qy nwl hI (bjbj Gwt golI kWf mgroN) Akwl q^q dy pujwrIAW v`loN aunHW ƒ „ieh is`K nhIN hn‟ kihx dI inµdw kIqI[ (ies vyly fwier ƒ snmwn dyx vwlw ig: gurb^S isµG vI hwizr sI qy aus dI qrsXog hwlq vyKx vwlI sI)[ ies smwgm ivc is`K rwjsI kYdIAW dy prvwrW dI mdd vwsqy kmytI bxwaux dw mqw pyS kIqw[ kmytI ‟c hyT ilKy nW Swiml kIqy gey: hrcµd isµG qy suµdr isµG (dovyN lwielpur), jsvµq isµG Jbwl, krqwr isµG J`br, ipAwrw isG, bdn isµG, sµq isµG vkIl, qyjw isµG smuµdrI qy guridAwl isµG[ is`K lIg dy smwgm dy dUjy idn 22 AkqUbr ƒ hrcMd isMG v`loN rkwb gµj dI kµD bxwaux vwsqy 29 nvµbr 1920 ƒ 100 is`KW dw jQw id`lI iljw ky Awp dIvwr auswrn dw AYlwn kIqw igAw[ pr, ies qoN pihlW ik ieh j`Qw cldw, mhwrwjw irpdumn isMG nwBw ny ivcolgI kr ky Awpxy ^rcy ‟qy rkwb gMj dI kMD bxvw id`qI ijs nwl ieh mslw ^qm ho igAw[

ienHW idnW ivc hI Kwlsw kwlj AMiRmqsr dy ieqzwm dw mslw vI iPr nvyN isirEN BK ipAw[ Kwlsw kwlj is`K irAwsqW Aqy Awm sµgqW dy pYsy lwl 1892 ivc SurU kIqw igAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI AµgryzI hkUmq ny ies ‟qy mukµml kbzw kr ilAw[[ 1909 ivc mwstr suµdr isµG lwielpurI ny kI Kwlsw kwlj is`KW dw hY? pY&lt ilK ky is`K AwgUAW ƒ cOks krn dI koiSS kIqI sI pr audoN ieh mslw vDyry ihmwieq hwisl nw kr sikAw[ brqwnvI srkwr dy JolI-cuk hox kr ky cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy AwgU Aqy jgIrdwr qy reIs is`K ies bwry cu`p rhy[ jdoN meI 1920 ivc AkwlI A^bwr CpxI SurU hoeI qW ies A^bwr dy moFIAW (mw: suµdr isµG qy hrcµd isµG lwielpurI vgYrw) ny Kwlsw kwlj dy ieµqzwm dy msly ƒ vI Pyr auTwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ julweI 1920 ivc Kwlsw kwlj dy lYkcrwr BweI joD isµG ƒ i^lw&q lihr dy ihmwieqI hox kr ky nOkrI qoN br^wsq kr id`qw igAw[ ies dy jvwby-Aml vjoN is`K hlikAW ny Kwlsw kwlj dy ieµqzwm dw mslw Pyr cu`k ilAw[ Agsq dy dUjy h&qy rozwnw AkwlI A^bwr ivc Kwlsw kwlj dy sbµD ivc QoVHw-QoVHw crcw SurU ho igAw[ auDr pRo: joD isµG nwl Aµgryz A&srW ny dobwrw sbµD qW bxw ley pr aus ƒ nOkrI ‟qy vwips nw ilAw[ sqµbr 1920 dy A^Ir ivc cumwlw swihb Aqy AkqUbr dy SurU iv`c bwby dI byr isAwlkot dy msly ny Kwlsw kwlj dy nukqy ip`Cy pw id`qw pr 12 AkqUbr ƒ Akwl q^q swihb ‟qy kbzw hox mgroN gurduAwirAW vwsqy sWJI kmytI (SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbµDk kmytI) bxwaux vwsqy hukmnwmw jwrI hox nwl Kwlsw kwlj AµimRqsr Aqy drbwr swihb pµQk msilAW dy ivcwrn vwsqy sB qoN v`fy plyt&wrm bx gey[ hux Kwlsw kwlj dy ieµqzwm ƒ pµQk h`QW ivc lYx vwsqy vI muihµm nvyN isirEN SurU ho geI[

26 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn Kwlsw kwlj dy 13 pRo&YsrW ny lwrf vwiesrwey ƒ ic`TI ilK ky Kwlsw kwlj dw ieµqzwm pµQk kmytI ƒ sONpx vwsqy AwiKAw[ ieh 13 pRoPYsr sn: iSvcrn isµG, crn isµG, qwrw isµG, qyjw isµG, joigµdr isµG, bwvw hrikSn isµG, rwijµdr isµG, kSmIrw isµG, inrjµn isµG, aUDm isµG, bI.Awr. cYtrjI qy kuµdn lwl[ ienHW ny vwiesrwie ƒ noits id`qw ik jy 5 nvµbr qk srkwr ny Kwlsw kwlj dy ieµqzwm ƒ is`KW dy hvwly nw kIqw qW auh mOjUdw kmytI hyTW kµm nhIN krngy[ ienHW pRo&YsrW ny qjvIz kIqI ik nvyN ieµqzwm dw KrVw iqAwr krn qy aus dI pµQ qoN mnzUrI lYx q`k dy smyN dOrwn iek AwrzI kmytI bxw id`qI jwvy, ijs ivc Arjn isµG bwgVIAW, bic`qr isµG pitAwlw, ieµdr isµG PrIdkot, KVk isµG isAwlkot; iSvdyv isµG reIs, hrcµd isµG lwielpurI Aqy qyjw isµG msqUAwxw mYNbr hox[ srkwr ny pRo&YsrW dI DmkI dI pRvwh krn dI bjwie aultw DmkI id`qI ik srkwr Kwlsw kwlj dI mwlI mdd bµd kr dyvygI[ ies dy jvwb ivc hrcµd isµG lwielpurI ny AYlwn kIqw ik „jy srkwr Kwlsw kwlj dI mdd bµd kr dyvy qW mYN Awpxy koloN swrI mdd dyvWgw[‟ 31 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn hrcµd isMG qy mwstr suµdr isµG dovyN Kwlsw kwlj phuµc gey[ ies idn qoN hI Kwlsw kwlj bwry AYjItySn bVI qyzI nwl SurU ho geI jo mgroN pVwA-vwr kwmXwb hoeI[

15-16 nvMbr 1920 dy idn jd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI kwiem hoeI qW auh ies dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 1923 ivc auh pMjwb kONsl (AsYNblI) dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[

12 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr kwnUMnI krwr dy id`qw igAw qy swry AkwlI AwgUAW nUM igR&qwr kr ky jylHW ivc sut id`qw igAw, pr igR&qwr kIqy AwgUAW ivc auh nhIN sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik srkwr ny aus dy i^lw& koeI kwnUMnI kmzorI PV leI sI Aqy aus nUM DmkIAW dy ky isAwsq C`fx vwsqy mjbUr kr id`qw sI qy jW iPr auh AkwlI lIfrW qoN jW isAwsq qoN hI auprwm ho ky isAwsq nUM iblkul hI C`f igAw sI[ auN\ jdoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr kwnUMnI krwr dyx vwly kys ivc AkwlI AwgUAW dy i^lw& muk`dmw clwieAw igAw aus ny Adwlq ivc jw ky AkwlIAW dy h`k ivc gvwhI id`qI[ ies mgroN auh isAwsq iblkul C`f igAw[ sMn 1947 ivc vMf mgroN aus nUM kotw (rwijsQwn) ivc zmIn Alwt hoeI sI[ aus ny AwpxI izMdgI dw Aw^rI ih`sw gumnwmI ivc au~Qy hI ibqwieAw sI.

hrcMd isMG lwielpurI

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

hrcMd isMG jyjI

hrcMd isMG jyjI (11.1.1893-6.12.1984) pu`qr s gulwb isMG dw jnm ipMf cVHl (izlHw pitAwlw) ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh prvwr pitAwlw irAwsq dI keI icrW qoN syvw krdw irhw sI[ hrcMd isMG ny muFlI ividAw pitAwlw qoN hwisl kIqI qy iPr Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc dwi^l ho igAw[ ie`Qy aus dw rwbqw AkwlI AwgUAW nwl hoieAw ijs nwl aus ivc pMQk BwvnwvW dw jnm hoieAw[ kwlj dI pVHweI mgroN auh pitAwlw muV igAw Aqy drbwr ivc nOkrI kr leI[ aus ny A`T swl bVy Awrwm nwl syvw inBweI[ aus smyN qk pMifq dXw ikSn kOl ny mhwrwjw BUipMdrw isMG nUM AwpxI mu`TI ivc kr ilAw hoieAw sI[ jd hrcMd isMG jyjI ny mihsUs kIqw ik kOl nwl inBxI muSikl hY qW aus ny AsqI&w dy id`qw[ ies smyN qk aus dI bytI dI SwdI AkwlI dl Aqy prjw mMfl dy AwdU syvw isMG TIkrIvwlw dy byty nwl ho cukI sI[ rwjw BUipMdrw isMG nUM ieh g`l cMgI nhIN sI lgdI[ aunHW idnW ivc hI iek ros idn dy sbMD ivc jyjI ny kwlI dsqwr sjweI sI ijs ’qy rwjy ny jyjI nUM kuJ smyN vwsqy aus dy Gr ivc hI nzrbMd kr id`qw[ 1933 ivc bwbw KVk isMG pitAwlw AwieAw qW jyjI ny aus dy suAwgq ivc ih`sw ilAw[ rwjy ny jyjI dI swrI jwiedwd zbq kr leI Aqy aus nUM irAwsq ivcoN k`F id`qw[ ies ’qy jyjI AMimRqsr clw igAw[

1938 ivc rwjw BUipMdrw isMG dI mOq ho geI[ nvyN rwjy AmirMdr isMG ny Amn kwiem krn vwsqy Awpxy bwp dIAW izAwdqIAW dy iSkwr lokW nwl hmdrdI dw iezhwr krnw SurU kr id`qw[ aus ny hrcMd isMG jyjI nUM vwips pitAwlw bulw ilAw Aqy nwl hI aus ny jyjI dI bytI nwl SwdI kr leI[ ies mgroN jyjI dw muK rol mwstr qwrw isMG v`loN pMjwbI sUbw dI kwiemI vwsqy 15 Agsq 1961 dy idn r`Ky vrq dorwn ivcolgI krnw sI[ aus dI ivcolgI kwrn mwstr ny 1 AkqUbr 1961 dy idn vrq qoiVAw sI[ 4 jUn 1984 dy idn ieMdrw gWDI ny drbwr swihb ’qy hmlw &OjI hmlw kr id`qw[ drbwr swihb Aqy hor QWvW ’qy pMj hzwr qoN vD is`K ShId kr id`qy gey[ ies g`l ny hrcMd isMG jyjI dy idl ’qy bhuq Asr kiqw[ hux auh qkrIbn ibsqry ivc hI kYd ho igAw[ pihlI nvMbr 1984 dy idn id`lI Aqy kWgrs dI hkUmq dy hor sUibAW ivc is`KW dw vihSIAwxw kqlyAwm SurU ho igAw[ ies ny qW aus dw idl iblkul hI qoV id`qw qy auh hux fOr-BOrw hI rihx lg ipAw[ ienHW dohW sdimAW nUM auh brdwSq nw kr sikAw Aqy cVHweI kr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)