Archives: Sikhs Biographies Punjabi

jvwlw isMG (nwnkwxw)

BweI jvwlw isMG (1875 – 20.21921), pu`qr BweI kysr isMG, dw jnm ipMf inzwmpurw (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ solW swl dI aumr ivc hI aus dI SwdI ho geI sI Aqy aus ny Cy b`icAW nUM jnm id`qw sI[ BwvyN auh AnpVH sI, pr aus nUM gurbwxI dw bhuq igAwn sI[ aus nUM Dwrimk Aqy isAwsI iek`TW ivc jwx Aqy AwgUAW Aqy ivdvwnW dy lYkcr sux dw bhuq SOk sI; ies kr ky aus nUM isAwsI qy Dwrimk hwlwq dI bhuq jwxkwrI huMdI sI[ gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dOrwn jdoN BweI lCmx isMG ny nwnkwxw swihb nUM Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy jQw iljwx dw &Yslw kIqw qW auh vI ies ivc Swiml ho igAw[ ieh j`Qw jdoN 20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn nwnkxw qW mhMq nrYxU dy BwVy dy guMifAW ny ies jQy ivc Swiml hr iek is`K nUM kql kr id`qw.

jvwlw isMG (jYqo)

BweI jvwlw isMG (vwsI izlHw lwhOr) jYqo morcy ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy ATvyN ShIdI jQy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh jQw nwnkwxw swihb qoN 22 meI nUM cl ky AMimRqsr pu`jw Aqy drbwr swihb m`Qw tykx mgroN AMimRqsr qoN 10 jUn 1924 dy idn cl ky 29 jUn 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ies jQy ivc Swiml is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI qy nwBw jylH ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jylH ivc qsIihAW Aqy mwVI ^urwk kwrn BweI jvwlw isMG kYd ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jYqo morcw.

jvwhr isMG

ieh rwxI ijMdW dw Brw Aqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw swlw sI[ 15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn jdoN AjIq isMG Aqy lihxw isMG sMDwvwlIAW ny mhwrwjw Syr isMG Aqy iDAwn isMh fogry ƒ mwr idqw qW iDAwn isMh fogry dy pu`qr hIrw isMG ny &OjW cwVH ky dohW sMDwvwlIAW nUM ^qm kr id`qw[ hux bwl dlIp isMG nUM rwjw bxw id`qw igAw Aqy hIrw isMh fogrw aus dw vzIr bx igAw[ jd hIrw isMh ny swrI qwkq Awpxy h`Q ivc lY leI Aqy rwxI ijMdW nUM vI zlIl krnw SurU kr id`qw qW &Oj aus dy i^lw& ho geI[ AwpxI mOq swhmxy vyK ky hIrw isMh ^zwnw corI kr ky jMmU v`l B`j tuirAw, pr 21 dsMbr 1844 dy idn is`K &OjW ny aus dw ip`Cw kr ky aus nUM mwr id`qw[ ies mgroN rwxI ijMdW dw Brw jvwhr isMG pRDwn mMqrI bxw id`qw igAw Aqy qy imsr lwl isMh (bRwhmx) ƒ aus dw muK slwhkwr lw idqw igAw[ auDr gulwb isMh fogrw ny AMgryzW nwl rwbqw bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus ny kSmIr dy kbwielIAW ƒ vI lwlc dy ky Awpxy nwl rlw ilAw hoieAw sI Aqy AMdroN-AMdrIN bZwvq dIAW iqAwrIAW krn lg ipAw sI[ Ajy aus dy kuJ swQI lwhOr ivc is`K &Oj dw ih`sw vI sn[ ienHW ivcoN ipRQI isMh fogrw lwhOr dIAW swrIAW ^brW jMmU ivc gulwb isMh ƒ phMucwauNdw rihMdw sI[ gulwb isMh ƒ ieh vI pqw lg igAw sI ik jvwhr isMG aus dw sB qoN v`fw duSmx hY[ ies kr ky aus ny jvwhr isMG ƒ ^qm krn dI qrkIb GVnI SurU kr idqI[ aus ny ipRQI isMh fogry rwhIN &OjIAW ƒ irSvq dy ky jvwhr isMG dy i^lw& kr idqw[ auDr jvwhr isMG vI gulwb isMh fogrw dy i^lw& kwrvweI krn dI plwn bxw irhw sI[ ies vyly kMvr ipSOrw isMG isAwlkot ivc sI[ ipSOrw isMG ny vI gulwb isMh dI cuk ivc Aw ky bZwvq kr idqI[ jvwhr isMG ny &Oj Byj ky aus ƒ igR&qwr krn dw hukm dy idqw[ jdoN ieh &Oj jMmU vl geI qW ipSOrw isMG ny hiQAwr sut idqy[ jdoN aus ƒ lwhOr ilAwieAw jw irhw sI qW aus ƒ rwh ivc kql kr idqw igAw[ ieh kql drAsl gulwb isMh ny krvwieAw sI[ aultw aus ny prcwr SurU kr idqw ik ieh kql jvwhr isMG dIAW hdwieqW ’qy hoieAw sI[ ies pRcwr ivc ipRQI isMh fogry ny v`fw rol Adw kIqw sI[ ies dw nqIjw ieh hoieAw ik is`K &OjW jvwhr isMG dy i^lw& ho geIAW Aqy iek idn aus ƒ kql kr idqw[ ijs vyly aus ƒ kql kIqw igAw, aus ny Awpxw Bwxjw (mhwrwjw dlIp isMG) AwpxI god ivc cuikAw hoieAw sI[ is`K &OjW ny mhwrwjy ƒ aus qoN Koh ilAw qy aus (dlIp isMG) dy swhmxy hI jvwhr isMG ƒ kql kr idqw[ ieh Gtnw 21 sqMbr 1845 dI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jvwhr isMG Xwdv vxjwrw

BweI jvwhr isMG 30 Agsq 1700 dy idn iklHw &qihgVH, AnMdpur swihb dy bwhr hoeI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[jvwhr isMG l`KI rwey vxjwrw dw pu`qr, BweI goDU dw poqw Aqy Twkr dw pVpoqw sI[l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy A`T pu`qr Aqy iek DI sI[ jvwhr isMG ienHW A`TW ivcoN sB qoN Cotw sI[l`KI rwey dI DI bIbI sIqo bweI (pwhul lYx mgroN bsMq kOr) dw ivAwh BweI mnI isMG nwl hoieAw sI[ ieM\ jvwhr isMG mnI isMG dw s`kw swlw vI sI[

l`KI rwey Xwdv-rwjpUq sI[ auh aus smyN dw sB qoN v`fw vxjwrw (vpwrI) sI qy aus kol bVI dOlq sI[ ieh pirvwr gurU Gr dy nwl bVI dyr qoN juiVAw hoieAw sI[lKI rwey dy v`fy Brw BweI kIrq dw pu`qr BweI gurdws gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy nwl kw&I dyr irhw sI Aqy jdoN AkqUbr 1665 ivc gurU jI ƒ Dmqwn qoN igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI qW kIrq bVHqIAw dw ieh pu`qr gurdws vI gurU swihb dy nwl hI sI[ auh vI gurU swihb dy nwl qkrIbn do mhIny bMdI-Kwny ivc irhw sI[

30 Agsq dy idn jdoN Ajmyr cMd nyy iklHw &qihgVH ’qy hmlw kIqw qW jvwhr isMG ny horW nwl iml ky hmlwvrW dw ^Ub twkrw kIqw[ s`q-A`T GMty dI ies lVweI ivc aus ny keI phwVI ispwhI mwr mukwey qy A^Ir Awp vI jwn dy igAw[ jvwhr isMG bwry aunHW dI ^wndwnI vhI ivc ieh ieMdrwj imldw hY:“….jvwhr isMG bytw lKIey kw, poqw goDU kw, bVHqIAw knwvq…..swl sqrW sY sqvMjw, BwdvW pRivSty qIs, gurUvwr ky idhuM, gurU kw bcn pwie iklHw &qihgVH, prgnw shotw ky mlhwn swmHy mwQy jUJ kr mry…[” (Bt vhI jdobMsIAW kI, Kwqw bVqIey knwauqoN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jvwhr m`l/ jvyhr dws

kwSI (bnwrs/ vwrwnsI) vwsI BweI jvwhr m`l dw nW gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy ilKy ^qW (hukmnwimAW) ivc iek msMd vjoN iliKAw imldw hY[ ienHW ivcoN iek ^q ivc gurU jI ny aus nUM sRIDr nW dw Awpxw GoVw ptny Byjx vwsqy iliKAw sI[ gurU jI dw ieh GoVw mwSI ivc bImwr pY igAw sI Aqy gurU jI aus nUM aus dy ielwj vwsqy au~Qy C`f ky ptnw cly gey sn[ aus dw nW jvyhr m`l qy jvyhr dws iliKAw vI imldw hY.

jvwhr isMG nlvw

srdwr jvwhr isMG nlvw (sMn 1809-1877) jrnYl hrI isMG nlvw d wpu`qr sI[ auh 23 swl dI aumr ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc BrqI hoieAw sI[ aus ny jhWgIrw Aqy ipSwvr ivc syvw inBweI sI[ jdoN Syr isMG AtwrIvwlw dI AMgryzW nwl lVweI hoeI qW aus ny aus dw swQ id`qw[ auh cyilAWvwlw dI lVweI (13 jnvrI 1849) ivc bhuq bhwdrI nwl liVAw sI[ pMjwb au~qy AMgryzW dw kbzw (ApRYl 1849) hox mgroN aus nUM &Oj ivcoN k`F id`qw igAw sI[AMgryz aus dI bhwdrI dw is`kw mMndy sn[ ies kr ky sMn 1858 ivc AMgryz srkwr ny pMjwbIAW dI &Oj ivc BrqI SurU krn vwsqy pihlI XUint kwiem kIqI qW aus nUM ies ‘&st is`K kYvYlrI’ ivc irswldwr dw Ahudw id`qw igAw[ ies XUint nUM pihlW lKnaU Aqy iPr kwnpur ivc qweInwq kIqw igAw sI[ aus dI syvw nUM muK rK ky sMn 1862 ivc aus nUM iek CotI ijhI jwgIr vI id`qI geI sI[ sMn 1862 ivc aus nUM gujrWvwlw ivc AwnryrI mijstryt lwieAw igAw[ 68 swl dI aumr ivc auh cVHweI kr igAw.

jvwhr isMG kpUr

BweI jvwhr isMG kpUr (1859 – 14.5.1910) dw jnm BweI Awqmw isMG dy Gr AMimRqsr ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dy ipqw ny bcpn ivc hI aus nUM gulwbdwsI fyry ivc dwi^l krvw id`qw sI[ au~Qy aus dw myl igAwnI idq ismG nwl hoieAw[ aus qoN aus ny bhuq swrw igAwn hwisl kIqw[ sqwrW swl dI aumr ivc aus ny rylvy mihkmy ivc nOkrI SurU kr leI[ aunHW idnW ivc AwrIAw smwj jmwq kwiem ho cukI sI Aqy auh vI ies v`l iKicAw igAw[ Agly A`T swl qk auh AwrIAw smwj dw pRcwr krdw irhw[ sMn 1886 ivc aus ny drbwr swihb dw gRMQI bxn vwsqy koiSS kIqI, pr aus nUM ies kr ky r`d kr id`qw igAw ikauNik auh AwrIAw smwjI sI[ ies dy bwvjUd auh AwriAw smwj nwl juiVAw irhw[ 25 nvMbr 1886 dy idn jd gurU d`q nW dy iek AwrIAw smwjI AwgU ny AMimRqsr ivc iek iekT ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dy i^lw& bhuq GtIAw l&z vrqy qW aus ny ros vjoN AwrIAw smwj qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw[ BweI jvwhr isMG ‘AMjumn-ie-pMjwb’ dw mYNbr vI sI[ ies jmwq dw mksd pMjwbI bolI, swihq qy klcr dw pRcwr krnw sI[ jdoN Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr kwiem kIqw igAw qW ieh aus dy moFIAW ivc Swiml sI[ 14 ApRYl 1892 dy idn jdoN Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr dI pRbMDk kmytI kwiem hoeI qW aus nUM ies dw AwnryrI sk`qr bxwieAw igAw[ auh sMn 1902 qk ieh syvw inBwauNdw irhw[ sMn 1899 ivc aus nUM pMjwb tYskt buk kmytI dw mYNbr bxwieAw igAw[ sMn 1904 ivc aus nUM pMjwb XUnIvristI dw &Ylo nwmzd kIqw igAw[ BweI J ikqwbW vI ilKIAW sn, ijnHW ivc Swiml sn: Kwlsw Drm, Drm ivcwr, ieiqhws-ie-ihMd Awidk[ ienHW idnW ivc aus dy Dwrimk AwgUAW nwl ivcwrW ivc bhuq tkrwA Awaux lg ipAw sI ijs kr ky auh srgrm smwijk jIvn qoN irtwier ho igAw[ aus dI mOq isr& 51 swl dI aumr ivc ho geI sI[ BweI jvwhr isMG dy swrIAW is`K irAwsqW (pitAwlw, nwBw, kpUrQlw, jINd Awid) nwl bhuq vDIAw sbMD sn[ brqwnvI A&srW nwl vI aus dI bhuq nyVqw sI.

jwqI ml/milk

ieh BweI isMGw puroihq dw pu`qr sI[ BweI isMGw 13 ApRYl 1634 dy idn gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ jwqI milk ny vI ies lVweI ivc ih`sw ilAw sI qy mgroN krqwrpur dI lVweI, jo 27 qoN 29 ApRYl 1635 ƒ hoeI sI vI ivc idlo-jwn qoN liVAw sI[ jdoN gurU hrgoibMd jI krqwrpur C`f ky kIrqpur cly gey qW jwqI mlk qy aus dw pirvwr vI gurU jI dy nwl hI cly gey [ jwqI milk puroihq ny 1642 ivc kIrqpur swihb ivKy hI cVHweI kIqI sI[ mrn qoN pihlW aus ny Awpxy pu`qr dXw rwm dI bWh gurU hrgoibMd jI dy h`Q PVw id`qI sI qy gurU jI ny aus nUM Awpxy pRvwr dy jIA vWg r`iKAw sI[ mgroN ieh BweI dXw rwm purohq gurU goibMd isMG jI dw nzdIkI swQI bixAw (ieh KMfy dI pwhul hwisl krn mgroN dXw isMG puroihq AKvwieAw) qy cmkOr qoN mgroN vI aunHW dy nwl sI Aqy A^Ir qk aunHW dI syvw krdw irhw sI. hor vyKo: isMGw, dXw isMG puroihq.

BweI jqI dws
BweI jqI dws BweI hIrw m`l dw pu`qr, dvwrkw dws dw poqw Aqy ShId BweI prwgw dw pVpoqw sI[hIrw m`l dy iqMn pu`qr sn: sqI dws, mqI dws qy jqI dws[ ies dy dovyN v`fy Brw sqI dws qy mqI dws gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy nwl 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn cWdnI cOk id`lI ivc ShId hoey sn.

BweI jMqI dws
jMqI dws BweI kbUlw dw pu`qr Aqy bwbw dvwrkw dws dw poqw qy ShId BweI prwgw dw pVpoqw sI[ BweI mqI dws qy sqI dws ies dy Coty cwcy hIrw m`l dy pu`qr sn.

ies dw pu`qr BweI rwie isMG gurU goibMd isMG jI dy hzUr AnMdpur swihb ivc irhw krdw sI (iesy kr ky aus nUM rwie isMG „hzUrI‟ vI ikhw krdy sn)[ rwie isMG nUM bMdw isMG bhwdur dy nwl 9 jUn 1716 dy idn ShId kIqw igAw sI[ BweI rwie isMG hzUrI dy iqMn byty sn: BweI hirjs isMG, BweI Drmjs isMG qy BweI jYBwn isMG[ ienHW ivcoN ivckwrly, BweI Drmjs isMG dI A`goN AOlwd clI sI[ auh jW qW muZlW dy zulm qoN fr ky Aqy jW iPr bRwhmxI ik`qw jwrI r`Kx kr ky is`K Drm C`f ky ihMdU bx gey [ BweI Drmjs isMG dw pu`qr rwm ikSn isMG qoN rwm ikSn bx igAw[ ieM\ hI BweI rwie isMG dy qIjy qy sB qoN Coty pu`qr BweI jYBwn isMG dy b`cy vI is`K Drm C`f gey Aqy ihMdU bx gey[ BweI jYBwn isMG dy pMj pu`qr sn: rwjU, rwm idAwl, hir idAwl, auqm cMd Aqy mMgl sYn[ ienHW ivcoN rwjU dw pu`qr myhr sI[ myhr dy A`goN s`q pu`qr sn[ ienHW ivcoN qIjy QW ‟qy AmIr cMd sI ies dy A`goN iqMn pu`qr sn[ ienHW ivcoN sB qoN Cotw qwrw cMd sI[ qwrw cMd dy A`goN do pu`qr sn: prmw nMd Aqy bwl mukMd[ ieh prmw nMd auhI hY jo mgroN “ihMdU mhW sBw” dw pRDwn bixAw[ ies dw pu`qr mhWbIr vI ihMdU jQybMdIAW dw muKI AwgU irhw sI[ ieM\ BweI rwie isMG hzUrI dIAW AglIAW s`q puSqW ihMdU hI rhIAW[ hW ATvIN puSq ivc iek pirvwr isMG sj igAw sI[ auh sI prmw nMd dy Brw bwl mukMd dy iqMnW ivcoN sB qoN Coty byty kuMdn lwl dw prvwr[kuMdn lwl dy cwr byty sn[ ieh cwry isMG sjy sn[ ieh sn: prmjIq isMG, BweI AmrjIq isMG, BwrqdIp isMG qy ASok isMG[ ieh swry mDUbn (nyVy krnwl), hirAwxw ivc rihMdy rhy hn[ ienHW dy A`goN hor pirvwr vI hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jsvMq isMh mwrvwV (rwjw joDpur)

jsvMq isMh (26.12.1629 – 28.12.1678) mwrvwV irAwsq dy rwjw rwjw gj isMh dw pu`qr sI[ [ ipqw dI mOq mgroN Swh jhwn dy hukm hyT ieh 6 meI 1638 dy idn irAwsq dw hwikm bixAw sI[ aus dI jwgIr ivc joDpur, isvwnw, myrqw, sojwq, Plod Aqy poKrn dy ielwky Swiml sn[ aus nUM rwjw dI pdvI Swh jhwn ny 6 jnvrI 1654 dy idn id`qI sI[ sMn 1658 ivc jd AOrMgzyb ny g`dI ’qy kbzw krn vwsqy jMg CyVI qW Drmpur dI lVweI vyly ieh Swh jhwn dy nwl sI[ ies ny AOrMgzyb dIAW &OjW dw mukwblw kIqw sI; pr hwr igAw sI[ mgroN ies ny AOrMgzyb dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI sI[ ies nUM s`q hzwr dw mnsb imilAw hoieAw sI[ ies dI mOq jmrOd ivc hoeI sI ij`Qy ies nUM AOrMgzyb ny &Ojdwr bxw ky ByijAw sI[ies dI mOq ’qy AOrMgzyb ny ies dw ielwkw AwpxI slqnq dw ih`sw bxw ilAw Aqy ies dy BqIjy ieMdr isMh rwTor nUM ies irAwsq dw nwizm lw id`qw[ jsvMq isMh dI mOq vly ies dIAW dovyN rwxIAW grBvqIAW sn qy dohW dy Gr lVky pYdw hoey sn[ AOrMgzyb ny v`fy lVky AjIq isMh aus nUM vwirs mMnx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ ies dOrwn AOrMgzyb ny dohW rwxIAW Aqy AjIq isMh nUM igR&qwr krn dI koiSS kIqI[ pr, auh bc ky Bys bdl ky joDpur phuMc gey Aqy jlwvqnI ivc rihMdy rhy[ sMn 1707 ivc AOrMgzyb dI mOq mgroN AjIq isMh ny mwrvwV irAwsq ’qy kbzw kr ilAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jsvMq isMG

jsvMq isMG (1775-22.5.1840) dw jnm nwBw dy rwjw hmIr isMG dy Gr rwxI rwj kOr dI audr qoN ipMf bfbr ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1783 ivc ieh A`T swl dw sI ik ies dy ipqw dI mOq ho geI Aqy ieh rwjw bixAw[ ies smyN ies dI mqyeI mW rwxI dysW ny irAwsq dw pRbMD bhuq vDIAw qrIky nwl kIqw sI[ ies ny AMgryzW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw sI[ ies ny sMn 1804 ivc holkr nwl JgVy ivc lwrf lyk dw swQ id`qw[ kwbl ’qy hmly dI muihMm ivc vI ies ny AMgryzW dw pUrw swQ id`qw[ ies ny pMj ivAwh kIqy sn[ ies dw v`fw lVkw rxjIq isMG sI, jo ie^lwk dw mwVw sI; ies kr ky AMgryzW dI mdd nwl Cotw divMdr isMG (5.10.1840 dy idn) g`dI qy bYTw sI.

rwjw jsvMq isMG nwBw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jsvMq isMG (Jbwl)

BweI jsvMq isMG Jbwl (17.6.1896 – 14.7.1964) dw jnm BweI gopwl isMG dy Gr ipMf Jbwl (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwnI ivc pYr DridAW hI aus ny smwijk kMmW ivc ih`sw lyxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ sMn 1919 ivc aus ny ipMf ivc vYl&yAr AwrgynweIzySn (BlweI sMsQw) kwiem kIqI sI[ aus ny 1919 ivc nvIN bxI is`K jmwq ‘is`K lIg’ dIAW kwrvweIAW ivc vI ih`sw lYxw SurU kr idqw[ ApRYl 1920 ivc auh is`K lIg dI AMimRqsr brWc dw mIq sk`qr cuixAw igAw[ 1920 dIAW grmIAW ivc jdoN gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI qW aus ny Awpxy BrwvW srmuK isMG Aqy Amr isMG Jbwl nwl iml ky ies ivc srgrm rol Adw krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ aus ny gurduAwrw bwby dI byr (isqMbr-AkqUbr 1920) ivc vI SmUlIAq kIqI sI[ jdoN gurduArw rkwb gMj id`lI dI kMD (ijs nuM brqwnvI srkwr ny 14 jnvrI 1914 dy idn Fwh id`qw sI) nUM muV auswrn vwsqy ShIdI j`Qw bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw igAw qW ies ny bhuq srgrmI nwl kMm kIqw sI[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI 11 meI 1921 dy idn nwnkxw swihb swky sbMDI iek qkrIr krn dy sbMD ivc hoeI sI[ cwbIAW dw morcw (nvMbr 1921) dy sbMD vI aus nUM 26 nvMbr 1921 dy idn igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ julweI 1923 ivc auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 1923 ivc hI aus nUM iek bwZIAwnw qkrIr krn dy doS ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ auh 1925 qk jyl ivc irhw sI[ ies vyly qk auh s.b. mihqwb isMG DVy dy ault bwbw KVk isMG-mwstr qwrw ismG DVy dy nwl sI[ 18 jUn 1926 dy idn jdoN gurduAwrw AYkt hyT coxW hoeIAW qW auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI; auh 1930 ivc iPr mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI[ iesy swl auh drbwr swihb lokl kmytI dw pRDwn vI cuixAw igAw sI[ 1928-29 ivc ‘nihrU irport’ dy svwl ’qy auh gWDI dw ihmwieqI sI[ 1933 ivc jdoN AkwlI dl ivc Pu`t peI qW aus ny Awpxw ‘Azwd AkwlI dl’ bxw ilAw; auh 14 &rvrI 1933 dy idn ies dl dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ sqMbr 1933 ivc aus ny Awpxw dl bwbw KVk isMG Aqy igAwnI Syr isMG dy ‘sYNtrl AkwlI dl’ ivc Swiml kr id`qw[ aus nUM ies sWJy dl dw mIq pRDwn bxwieAw igAw s[ jsvMq isMG ny 1935 ivc gurduAwrw ShId gMj morcy ivc vI ih`sw ilAw sI[ ies mgroN aus ny isAwsq qoN iknwrw kr ilAw[ aus dI mOq gumnwmI dy jIvn ivc smyN 1964 ivc cMfIgVH ivc hoeI sI[ jsvMq isMG Aqy aus dy v`fy dovyN Brw srmuK isMG Aqy Amr isMG AkwlI lihr ivc aus qoN vI vD srgrm rhy sn; Aqy dovyN AkwlI dl dy pRDwn vI rhy sn[ iek vwr Aijhw mOkw vI AwieAw sI ik iqMny Brw jyl ivc sn.

(     .                                                         )

jsvMq isMG (jYqo)

BweI jsvMq isMG (vwsI ipMf jgqpur, izlHw AMimRqsr) jYqo morcy ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy dUjy ShIdI jQy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh jQw drbwr swihb AMimRqsr qoN 28 &rvrI 1924 dy idn cl ky 14 mwrc 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy brqwnvI &Oj ny ies jQy dy mYNbrW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl Byj id`qw ij`Qy mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn BweI jsvMq isMG jyl ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jYqo morcw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jsvMq isMG (jYqo) 2

jgqpurw (izlHw AMimRqsr) vwsI BweI jsvMq isMG jYqo morcy dOrwn qIjy ShIdI jQy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh jQw 3 mwrc 1924 dy idn drbwr swihb AMimRqsr qoN cl ky 7 ApRYl 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI[ au~Qy jQy dy mYNbrW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc kYd kr id`qw igAw[ mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn BweI jsvMq isMG jylH ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jYqo morcw.

jsvMq isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

BweI jsvMq isMG, pu`qr BweI nwrwiex isMG dw jnm ipMf nMgl klW (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ jdoN Zdr lihr SurU hoeI qW auh ies lihr dw ih`sw bx igAw[ auh pwrtI dIAW keI kwrvweIAW ivc Swiml sI; ienHW kwrvweIAW ivc c`bw ivc fwkw mwrnw vI Swiml sI[ aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr swizS kys (pihlw) ivc cwrj kIqw igAw[ aus nUM ies kys ivc &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ aus nUM lwhOr jyl ivc &WsI ’qy cVHwieAw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jsvMq isMG (Bgq)

Bgq jsvMq isMG (27.12.1881 – 22.8.1967), pu`qr cODrI s`jx isMG, dw jnm ipMf bMdw (izlHw rwvlipMfI) ivc hoieAw sI[ cODrI s`jx isMG iek kwmXwb vpwrI sI Aqy auh keI swl gurduAwrw isMG sBw rwvlipMfI dw pRDwn rihw sI[ bcpn ivc hI jsvMq isMG pVHweI ivc bhuq huiSAwr sI[ aus ny gOrfn kwlj rwvlipMfI qoN bI.ey. dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI sI[ jsvMq isMG bcpn qoN hI Dwrimk ibrqI vwlw sI Aqy auh ikMnw-ikMnw icr pwT krdw rihMdw sI; ies kr ky lok aus nUM aus dy ipqw dy nW vW| cODrI jsvMq isMG dI QW Bgq jsvMq isMG ikhw krdy sn[ 1920 ivc jdoN gurduAwrw suDwr lihr c`lI qW auh vI ies ivc Swiml ho igAw[ auh 15 nvMbr 1920 dy idn bxI pihlI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNb r cuixAw igAw sI[ auh 28 Agsq 1921 dy idn (KVk isMG dI pRDwngI hyT) ies kmytI dI AYZzYkitv kmytI dw mYNbr vI cuixAw igAw sI[ 16 julweI 1922 dy idn auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw jnrl sk`qr cuixAw igAw sI[ cwbIAW dw morcw (nvMbr 1921) ivc aus ny bhuq Aihm rol Adw kIqw sI[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI gurU dw bwZ morcw (Agsq 1922) ivc hoeI sI; auh 14 mwrc 1923 dy idn irhw hoieAw sI[ 13 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn jdoN ibRitS srkwr ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM „ZYr kwnUMnI‟ jmwq krwr dy id`qw qW bwkI dy sInIAr AwgUAW dy nwl aus nUM vI igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ aus ny Agly iqmn swl lwhOr iklHw ((ijs nUM jyl vjoN vriqAw igAw sI) ivc ibqwey sn[ 1925 ivc gurduAwrw AYkt bxn mgroN ijnHW AkwlI AwgUAW ny ies AYkt nUM mMnx dw vwAdw kIqw aunHW AwgUAW nUM 26 jnvrI 1926 dy idn irhw kr id`qw igAw; ienHW ivc Bgq jsvMq isMG vI Swiml sI[ kuJ AwgUAW ny ies nUM “SrqW mMn ky hwisl kiqI irhweI” kih ky ies dI inMdw kIqI[ ies nwl gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dy AwgU do DiVAW ivc vMfy gey[ BwvyN auh 1930 ivc vI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI, pr ies mgroN aus ny isAwsI kwrvweIAW qoN dUr rihx dw &Yslw kIqw Aqy Awpxw swrw iDAwn vpwr ivc lwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf mgroN auh AMbwlw ivc rihx lg ipAw sI[ aus dI mOq sMn 1967 ivc AMbwlw ivc hoeI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jsvMq isMG nykI

jsvMq isMG nykI (27.8.1925 – 11.9.2015), pu`qr BweI hrI gulwb isMG, dw jnm ipMf murId (izlHw ijhlm) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny AwpxI muFlI ividAw Kwlsw hweI skUl kotw (bloicsqwn) qoN hwisl kIqI sI[ aus ny dsvIN jmwq ivc bloicsqwn ivc sB qoN vD nMbr hwisl kIqy sn[ ies mgroN auh ikMg AYfvrfz kwlj lwhOr ivc dwi^l ho igAw[ 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf mgroN auh AMimRqsr Aw igAw Aqy aus ny 1949 srkwrI kwlj AMimRqsr qoN AYm.bI.bI.AYs kIqI sI[ ies mgroN AlIgVH XUnIvristI ivcoN AYm.ey. sweIkwlojI dI ifgrI hwisl kr ky aus ny 1958 ivc bYNglor dI Awl ieMfIAw ieMstIicaUt Aw& mYNtl hYlQ qoN XUnIvrist ivc nvW irkwrf kwiem kr ky fI.bI.AYm. dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI sI Aqy sweIkYtirst (mnoivigAwnI) bx igAw sI[ auh 1968 qoN 1978 qk Awl ieMfIAw ieMstIicaUt Aw& mYfIkl swieMisz ivc sweIkYtrI ifpwrtmYNt dw muKI irhw sI[ 1978 qoN 1981 qk auh pI.jI.AweI. cMfIgVH dw fwierYktr irhw sI[ 1981 qoN 1986 qk auh vrlf hYlQ AwrgynweIzySn jnyvw ivc ‘AYfvweIzr’ dy Ahudy ’qy irhw[

nykI Dwrimk ibrqI vwlw S^s sI[ auh 20 nvMbr 1948 dy idn Awl ieMfIAw is`K stUfYNts &YfrySn dw pRDwn vI cuixAw igAw sI (auh 28 jnvrI 1950 qk pRDwn irhw sI)[

nykI iek lyKk vI sI[ aus dIAW ilKqW ivc Asly qy auhly, ieh myry sMsy ieh myry gIq, ismrqI dy ikrn qoN pihlW, kruxw dI Coh qoN mgroN, nw ieh gIq nw ibrhVw (kivqwvW), Ardws (drSn, rUp qy AiBAws), ivSv Ardws, gurmiq mnoivigAwn, dunIAw myrw dyS (vwrqk) Awid ikqwbW vI Swiml hn[ aus ny mnoivigAwn ’qy vI bhuq swrIAW Koj ikqwbW ilKIAW sn[ aus nUM 1979 ivc swihq AkYfmI AYvwrf id`qw igAw sI[ gurU nwnk XUnIvristI ny aus nUM AwnryrI fwktryt dI ifgrI nwl invwijAw sI.

(     .                                                            )

j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw

j`sw isMG (sMn 1718-20.4.1803) dw jnm igAwnI Bgvwn isMG (mOq sMn 1739) dy Gr hoieAw sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk j`sw isMG dy dwdw hrdws isMG (mOq sMn 1715) ip`CoN surisMG ipMf (audoN izlHw lwhOr, hux izlHw qrnqwrn) dy rihx vwly sn[ iek hor irvwieq muqwibk ienHW dw ipCokV izlw lwhOr ivc eIcoigl ipMf dw sI[ 1748 ivc jd swrIAW is`K &OjW nUM 11 imslW ivc vMifAw igAw sI qW aus dy swQIAW dI vI iek imsl mMnI geI sI[ audoN ies dw muKI nMd isMG sMGwxIAw nUM bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies imsl nUM „sMGwxIAw dI imsl‟ ikhw jWdw sI[ jdoN j`sw isMG ny AMimRqsr ivc “rwm rOxI” (jW rwmgVH iklHw) bxwieAw qW ies imsl ƒ „rwmgVHIAw imsl‟ ikhw jwx l`g ipAw sI[ nMd isMG dI mOq mgroN ieh imsl dw muKI bixAw[

aunHW idnW ivc mIr mnUU dy zulmW dw dOr cl irhw sI[ ieh dOr audoN ruikAw jdoN aus ny dIvwn kOVw ml Aqy jlMDr dy nwieb sUbydwr AdInw byg dI mdd nwl is`KW nwl smJOqw krn dI koiSS kIqI sI[ aus ny kuJ is`KW ƒ AwpxI &Oj ivc BrqI krn dI pySkS vI kIqI sI[ j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw (qy aus dy BrwvW jY isMG, ^uShwl isMG qy mwlI isMG) ny ieh pySkS kbUl kr leI (j`sw isMG dy iek Brw qwrw isMG ny AdInw byg nwl smJOqw nhIN kIqw)[ j`sw isMG v`loN AdInw byZ nwl smJOqw krn dw kwrn ieh ho skdw hY ik j`sw isMG muZl &Oj dy rwz hwisl krn dI ^wihS rKdw hovy[ auN\ ies nwl do &wiedy zrUr hoey sn: iek qW muZl &Oj v`loN is`KW ‟qy byvjh dy zulm kuJ icr vwsqy ruk gey; qy dUjw, ienHW is`KW dI mwlI hwlq kuJ sOKI ho geI sI[ pr, ies nwl kuJ is`K jQydwr j`sw isMG qoN AOKy vI hoey[ iek crcw muqwibk aus ƒ pMQ ‟coN Cyk id`qw igAw sI[ ies muqwibk Cyky jwx dI vjh aus vloN AwpxI nv-jMmI DI dw mwrnw sI (is`K ƒ iek kuVI-mwr nwl sbMD r`Kx dI mnwhI hY)[ auN\ ies g`l dI qweId iksy vI somy qoN nhIN huMdI, Aqy ieh g`p jwpdI hY[ BwvyN j`sw isMG AdInw byg dI &Oj ‟c Aihm QW r`Kdw sI, pr iPr vI muZl AMdroN-AMdrI aus nwl, is`K hox kr ky, n&rq hI krdy sn[

j`sw isMG ny injI qwkq nwl pihlIAW ij`qW gurdwspur dy ielwky ivc hwisl kIqIAW sn[ aus ny kWgVy dy ktoc rwjy dy vI gofy luAwey qy aus qoN iKrwj hwisl kIqw sI[ dUn dy ielwky dy in`ky-in`ky keI hoor rwjy vI aus ƒ Krwj (mwmlw) idAw krdy sn[ sMn 1775 ivc jdoN imslW dy AwpsI JgVy SurU ho gey qW dInw ngr dI lVweI ivc knHeIAw, sukrckIAw Aqy AwhlUvwlIAw imsl iek pwsy Aqy rwmgVHIAw Aqy BMgI dUjy pwsy sn[ ies lVweI ivc j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ƒ hwr hoeI sI[ iPr aus ny krm isMG (ShIdW imsl) nwl rl ky hWsI, ihswr, shwrnpur vl AYkSn kIqw sI Aqy ngr dy AmIrW vzIrW dy ^zwny l`ut ley sn[aus ny mwrc 1783 ivc j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, bGyl isMG qy hor is`K jrnYlW nwl iml ky id`lI dy lwl iklHy ‟qy nIlw* inSwn swihb g`ifAw sI[

(*audwsIAW ny JMfw buMgw, drbwr swihb, ivc Bgvw JMfw lwieAw hoieAw sI; aus nUM mgroN inrml pujwrIAW ny drbwr swihb dw JMfw bxw ilAw sI[ vIhvIN sdI ivc ies dw rMg rwjpUqW vwlw kysrI bx igAw sI[ bysmJ is`KW ny gurU dw nIlw inSwn swihb Bu`l ky, ies kysrI rMg nUM is`KW dw JMfw mMn ilAw sI)[

ies mOky ‟qy jrnYlW ny dl Kwlsw dw muKI hox dy nwqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM q^q ‟qy bYTx vwsqy ikhw pr aus ny ieh kih ky nWh kr id`qI ik is`KW ivc koeI bwdSwh nhIN huMdw, hr iek is`K bwdSwh hY[ ies kr ky koeI vI aus q^q ‟qy bYTx vwsqy iqAwr nw hoieAw[EQy imsl srdwrW ivc qKq ‟qy bYTx leI AwpsI JgVw hoxw qy JgVy kr ky id`lI dw q^q Kusxw dI khwxI g`p khwxI hY[

kuJ icrmgroN hIaunHWnUM bwdSwhny id`lI dI cuMgI ivc rupey iv`coN Cy Awny(swFy 37%)ih`sy dyxymMn kyaunHW nUM Byjid`qw[ ies mOky ‟qy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny ikhw ik jy AsIN id`lI dy q^q ‟qy nhIN bYTxw qW AsIN ies q^q dw QVHw Xwdgwr vjoN AMimRqsr nUM zrUr lY ky jwvWgy qW jo qvwrI^ ivc ieh snd rhy ik kdy id`lI dw q^q vI kdy is`KW dy kdmW hyT irhw sI qy ies dI isl hmySw hI is`KW dy pYrW hyT rhygI[ (q^q vwlI ieh is`l j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw Awpxy buMgy ivc lY igAw sI, jo A`j vI au~Qy mOjUd hY; hyTW qsvIr vyKo)[

sMn 1783 ivc ies ny Aqy bGyl isMG ny gurU swihbwn nwl sbMDq XwdgwrW (sIs gMj, rkwb gMj, bMglw swihb Awid) dI auswrI ivc BrpUr ih`sw ilAw sI[ aunHW ny qvwrI^I QWvW dI Snw^q kr ky Agly Cy mhIinAW ivc gurU swihbwn (gurU nwnk swihb, gurU hrikSn swihb, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy gurU gooibMd isMG swihb) dIAW XwdgwrW bxw id`qIAW[ gurduAwrw sIs gMj, rkwb gMj, bMglw swihb, bwlw swihb, dmdmw swihb, moqI bwZ, qylIvwVw, mjnU it`lw, nwnk ipAwau vZYrw gurduAwry auswr ley[

sMn 1783 qoN 1785 qk ies ny irAwVkI Aqy jlMDr-doAwb dw kw&I ielwkw Awpxy kbzy ivc kr ilAw sI[ btwlw, klwnOr, dsUhw, qlvwVw, imAwxI, bygovwl vZYrw dw 7 l`K dw ielwkw ies ivc Swiml sI[ phwVI rwijAW ivcoN hrIpur, jsvwn, nUrpur, cMbw, mMfI, kWgVw dy rwjy ies ƒ iKrwj dyNdy sn[aus ny auVmuV tWfw Aqy XwhIAwpur ‟qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ aus ny bhuq swry iklHy vI bxwey sn[ hirgoibMdpur aus dw hY~fkuAwrtrz sI[ j`sw isMG dy sukrc`kIAW qy AwhlUvwlIAW nwl sbMD cMgy nhIN sn qy auh Awps ivc lVdy rihMdy sn[ aus ny iek vwr cVHq isMG Aqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM vI hrwieAw sI[ sukrc`kIey aus qoN bVy AOKy sn[ sMn 1796 ivc rxjIq isMG qy aus dI s`s sdw kOr ny vI aus dy imAwxI iklHy ‟qy hmlw kr ky Gyrw pw ilAw sI, ijhVw hVH Awaux kwrn cu`kxw ipAw sI[ sMn 1803 ivc j`sw isMG dI mOq ho geI[ ies dw pu`qr joD isMG isAwxw qy dlyr nhIN sI[ sMn 1811 ivc rxjIq isMG ny aus ƒ QoVHI jhI jwgIr Aqy 11 ipMf dy ky aus dI irAwsq ƒ Awpxy rwj ivc imlw ilAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

j`sw isMG (jYqo)

BweI j`sw isMG (vwsI ipMf cIcw Bknw, izlHw AMimRqsr) jYqo morcy ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy pihlyy ShIdI jQy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh jQw drbwr swihb AMimRqsr qoN 9 &rvrI 1924 dy idn cl ky 21 &rvrI 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy brqwnvI &Oj ny ies jQy ’qy golIAW clw ky drjnW is`K mwr id`qy Aqy bhuq swry z^mI kr id`qy[ mwry gey is`KW ivc BweI j`sw isMG vI Swiml sI. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jYqo morcw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw

s j`sw isMG (1718-22.10.1783) dw jnm BweI bdr isMG (pu`qr BweI gopwl) dy Gr hoieAw sI[ (kuJ lyKk AwhlU ipMf dy s`dw isMG nUM AwhlUvwlIAw imsl dw moFI mMndy hn[ AwhlU ipMf lwhOr Sihr qoN 25 iklomItr, kwhnw ipMf qoN 5 iklomItr qy gurU mWgt qoN qkrIbn do iklomItr dUr hY)[

j`sw isMG ny AwpxI aumr dy muFly kuJ swl mwqw suMdr kOr dI ih&wzq ivc id`lI ivc ibqwey sn[ mgroN sMn 1729 ivc nvwb kpUr isMG aus ƒ Awpxy nwl lY AwieAw sI[ rqn isMG BMgU muqwibk mwqw suMdr kOr iek vwr AMimRqsr AweI sI qy auh j`sw isMG nUM Awp kpUr isMG nUM sONp geI sI[ ies mOky ’qy mwqw ny drbwr swihb ivc kIrqn vI kIqw sI qy auh vI, iek nhIN, keI vwr kIqw sI[ (rqn isMG BMgU, sMn 1939 dI AYfISn, s&w 204, kWf 218)[ (2003 ivc drbwr swihb ivc bIbIAW dy kIrqn rokx vwly, bRwhmxvwdI soc vwly, cODrIAW ny nw qW kdy is`K qvwrI^ pVHI hY qy nw hI is`K i&lws&I)[

iek irvwieq muqwibk j`sw isMG dw mwmw bwG isMG aus nUM id`lI qoN lY AwieAw sI[ audoN j`sw isMG dI aumr s`q swl sI; j`sw isMG Agly 6 swl Awpxy mwmy kol irhw sI[ iek vwr (nvwb) kpUr isMG bwG isMG nUM imlx igAw[ ies mOky ’qy kpUr isMG ny bwG isMG nUM ikhw ik auh j`sw isMG nUM aus dI sONpxw ivc dy dyvy[ ies vyly j`sw isMG dI aumr 13 swl dI sI[ kpUr isMG ny j`sw isMG nUM Awpxy pu`qr vWg pwilAw sI[

kuJ swlW mgroN j`sw isMG ny Awpxw vKrw j`Qw bxw ilAw sI qy muZlW dy i^lw& jMg ivc vD-cVH ky ih`sw lYx lg ipAw sI[ sMn 1739 ivc nwdr Swh ny pMjwb ’qy hmlw kIqw[ ies mOky ’qy j`sw isMG ny gurIlw lVweIAW rwhIN aus nUM cYn nw lYx id`qw[ nwdr Swh dy jwx mgroN j`sw isMG ny rwvI dirAw dy kMFy f`lyvwl ivc iek iklHw bxieAw[ sMn 1743 ivc aus ny eymnwbwd qoN lwhOr jWdy SwhI ^zwny nUM lu`t ky GoVy Aqy hiQAwrW dw BMfwr jmHw kr ilAw[ 29 mwrc 1748 dy idn jd swry is`K j`iQAW nUM ‘dl Kwlsw’ nW hyT 11 imslW ivc jQybMd kIqw igAw sI qW aus nUM AwhlUvwlIAw imsl dw muKI bxwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1753 ivc is`K &OjW (dl Kwlsw) dy jQydwr nvwb kpUr isMG dI mOq mgroN j`sw isMG Agly 30 swl (sMn 1753 qoN sMn 1783 qk) dl Kwlsw dw muKI irhw sI[

ies imsl ny sB qoN pihlw kbzw sMn 1755 ivc, ibAws dirAw dy kMFy vsy ngr, &qihbwd ’qy kIqw ijs nUM ies ny 1758 ivc imsl dw hY~fkuAwrtrz bxwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1757 ivc aus ny jlMDr dy A&Zwn hwkm nUM hrwieAw sI[ sMn 1758 ivc ies ny lwhOr ’qy pihlI vwrI kbzw kIqw sI (mgroN ieh AYkSn sMn 1761 ivc vI duhrwieAw igAw sI)[

sMn 1759 ivc aus ny kWgVy dy rwjy nUM hrw ky aus qoN nzrwnw lYxw SurU kIqw[ 1763 ivc nwlwgVH qy iblwspur ny vI aus nUM nzrwnw dyxw SurU kIqw[ ies qoN CyqI mgroN hI aus ny jlwlpur, goieMdvwl, buqwlw, qrnqwrn qy KfUr vI ij`q ley sn[ ies qoN bwAd aus ny nfwlw, imAwxI, bygovwl vI ij`qy sn[ aus ny sMn 1771 ivc rweykot vI ij`q ilAw sI[ sMn 1772 ivc ies ny kpUrQlw vI Awpxy kbzw ivc kr ilAw sI qy sMn 1780 ivc aus ny kpUrQlw nUM imsl dw hYfkuAwrtr bxw ilAw sI[ sulqwnpur loDI vI aus dy kbzy ivc sI[ j`sw isMG ny PgvwVw qy tWfw auVmuV dy hwkmW qoN vI nzrwnw ilAw[ aus ny sqluj pwr kr ky eIsVU qy kot eIsw ^wn vI ij`q ley sn[ j`sw isMG ny sMn 1761 ivc lwhOr ’qy kbzw kIqw sI, pr auh au~Qy TihirAw nhIN sI[ 5 &rvrI 1762 dy ku`p rhIV dy (v`fy) G`lUGwry ivc aus ny kOm nUM Swndwr AgvweI id`qI sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ies idn aus nUM 22 z^m l`gy sn[ sMn 1764 ivc srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn ^wn nUM hrwaux vyly vI aus ny AgvweI kIqI sI[ ksUr ’qy hmly ivc vI auh Swiml sI[ aus dI izMdgI dw Aw^rI Aihm AYkSn bGyl isMG qy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw Awid nwl iml ky 11 mwrc 1783 dy idn id`lI dy lwl iklHy ’qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dw nIlw* inSwn swihb Julwauxw sI[ ies mOky ’qy jrnYlW ny dl Kwlsw dw muKI hox dy nwqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM q^q ’qy bYTx vwsqy ikhw pr aus ny ieh kih ky nWh kr id`qI ik is`KW ivc koeI bwdSwh nhIN huMdw, hr iek is`K bwdSwh hY[ ies kr ky koeI vI aus q^q ’qy bYTx vwsqy iqAwr nw hoieAw[

iesy swl 22 AkqUbr 1783 dy idn j`sw isMG dI mOq ho geI[ aus dIAW do DIAW sn qy pu`qr koeI nhIN sI, ies kr ky aus qoN mgroN aus dw BqIjw Bwg isMG (1735-1801) ies imsl dw muKI bixAw sI[

{*audwsIAW ny JMfw buMgw, drbwr swihb, ivc Bgvw JMfw lwieAw hoieAw sI; aus nUM mgroN inrml pujwrIAW ny drbwr swihb dw JMfw bxw ilAw sI[ vIhvIN sdI ivc ies dw rMg rwjpUqW vwlw kysrI bx igAw sI[ bysmJ is`KW ny gurU dw nIlw inSwn swihb Bu`l ky, ies kysrI rMg nUM is`KW dw JMfw mMn ilAw sI}.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

bwbw jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw

igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw (2.6.1947 – 6.6.1984), pu`qr joigMdr isMG brwV dw jnm ipMf rofy (izlHw mogw) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dI SwdI bIbI pRIqm kOr nwl hoeI sI ijs qoN aus dy do pu`qr (eISr isMG qy ieMdrjIq isMG) hoey sn[ 1965 ivc auh igAwnI gurbcn isMG dy „jQw iBMfrW‟ ivc Swiml ho igAw[ igAwnI gurbcn isMG dI mOq 28 jUn 1969 dy idn ho geI qy igAwnI krqwr isMG (jo pihlW ptvwrI huMdw sI) ies jQy dy iek DVy dw muKI bixAw sI (dUjy DVy dw muKI mohx isMG bixAw sI)[ 16 Agsq 1977 dy idn igAwnI krqwr isMG dI vI mOq ho geI[ 25 Agsq 1977 dy idn ies jQy dy nvyN muKI dw AYlwn kIqw jwxw sI[ swry jwxdy sn ik igAwnI krqwr isMG dw pu`qr BweI AmrIk isMG ies jQy dw muKI AYlwixAw jwvygw[ ies AYlwx kIqy jwx qoN kuJ smW pihlW jQydwr sMqoK isMG id`lI cOk mihqw phuMc igAw Aqy aus dy kihx ‟qy igAwnI jrnYl isMG nUM jQy dw mUKI Qwp id`qw igAw[ (ieh crcw cldw irhw ik ieh qbdIlI igAwnI zYl isMG v`loN id`qI geI slwh kwrn kIqI geI sI; keIAW ny qW ieh doS vI lwieAw ik ieh nwmzdgI ieMdrw gWDI dy kihx ‟qy kIqI geI sI; hor vI bhuq crcy cldy rhy sn)[

igAwnI  krqwr  isMG  ny  AwpxI  mOq  qoN  kuJ  h&qy  pihlW  hI  Awpxy  jQy „iBMfrW-mihqw jQw‟ dw nW „dmdmI tkswl‟ rK id`qw sI[ igAwnI jrnYl isMG ny vI ^ud nUM AKOqI dmdmI tkswl dw muKI kihxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ hwlW ik ies jQy dy muKI nUM audoN qk igAwnI ikhw jWdw sI (igAwnI suMdr isMG, igAwnI gurbcn isMG Awid) Aqy aunHW dI hr pRkwSnw ‟qy vI aunHW swirAW dy nW nwl igAwnI iliKAw jWdw sI, pr igAwnI jrnYl isMG nUM aus dy cyilAW ny pihlW „BweI‟ Aqy iPr „sMq‟ kihxw SurU kr id`qw (ies mgroN suMdr isMG, gurbcn isMG qy krqwr isMG nUM vI „sMq‟ ilKxw SurU kr id`qw sI)[

igAwnI jrnYl isMG dw sB qoN pihlw crcw 13 ApRYl 1978 dy idn AMimRqsr ivc irk inrMkwrI smwgm ivc inrMkwrIAW vloN 13 is`KW dy mwry jwx vwlI Gtnw kr ky hoieAw sI[ 12-13 ApRYl 1978 dy idn inrµkwrI AKvwaux vwly, id`lI dy iek fyry vwilAW ny Awpxw iek iek`T AµimRqsr ivc kIqw sI[ ies iek`T dy v`fy pRbµDkW ivc pµjwb dy kuJ sInIAr A&sr (fI.sI. qy pulIs A&sr vZYrw) vI sn[ ijs idn ieh iek`T hoieAw, aus idn pµjwb dw cI& minstr pRkwS isµG bwdl bµbeI ivc „pµjwb dI ivswKI‟ dy jSn (jo hr swl bµbeI ‟c zor-Sor nwl mnwieAw jWdw hY) ivc ih`sw lYx igAw hoieAw sI[ aus idn drbwr swihb ivc iek vzIr jIvn isMG aumrwnµgl hwizr sI[ mµjI swihb ‟qy ho rhy dIvwn ivc igAwnI jrnYl isµG (muKI iBµfrW-mihqw jQw) Aqy BweI POjw isµG (sInIAr AwgU AwKµf kIrqnI jQw) qy hzwrW sµgqW hwizr sn[ v`K-v`K AwgUAW ny inrµkwrIAW v`loN iek idn pihlW (12 ApRYl ƒ) k`Fy jlUs qy aus idn (13 ApRYl ƒ) ho rhy jlsy ivc kIqIAW jw rhIAW hrkqW bwry qkrIrW kIqIAW[ ies mOky ‟qy sµgq ivc ieh ivcwr bixAw ik ies inrµkwrI toly dIAW kwrvweIAW dy i^lw& ros zrUr kIqw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ ies kr ky is`KW dw iek j`Qw inrµkwrI jlsy vwly pwsy jw ky ros muzwhrw krn vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw[igAwnI jrnYl isµG ny ies j`Qy dI AgvweI krnI sI; mgroN kuJ swQIAW dy kihx ‟qy auh Awp qW ruk igAw pr bwkI j`Qy ƒ toor id`qw[ ies j`Qy ivc iBµfrW-mihqw j`Qw Aqy AKµf kIrqnI j`Qw dy bhuq swry kwrkuµn Swiml sn[ hux j`Qy dI kmwn BweI POjw isµG kol sI[ ies j`Qy ivc hornW qoN ielwvw gurbcn isµG mwnocwhl vI Swiml sI[ jdoN ieh j`Qw inrµkwrI jlsy dy nyVy, blwk-bI dy kol, pu`jw qW inrµkwrIAW dy cI& gurbcn isµG dy hukm ‟qy aus dy hiQAwrbµd guµifAW ny bµdUkW, qlvwrW, sotIAW Aqy jo hiQAwr vI aunHW kol sn, nwl ienHW is`KW ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw (ienHW ivc inrMkwrI fI.sI. nirMjn isMG vI sI)[ ies hmly ivc BweI &Ojw isµG qy 12 hor isµG mwry gey Aqy mwnocwhl sxy sO dy krIb z^mI ho gey[ BwvyN pµjwb ivc „AkwlI‟ srkwr sI qy pulIs aus QW qoN bhuqI dUr nhIN pr kwql inrµkwrIAW ƒ iksy ny vI nw vrijAw Aqy nw hI iksy ƒ igR&qwr kIqw[ ies kqlyAwm mgroN vI inrMkwrIAW dw jlsw by-rok tok jwrI irhw qy kuJ Gµty mgroN bwdl srkwr dw iek sInIAr A&sr,  golI  dw  hukm  dyx  vwly  gurbcn  isµG  ƒ  AwpxI  kwr  ivc  id`lI  C`f AwieAw[ is`KW dy kqlyAwm dy i^lw& swrI dunIAW Br ivc zbrdsq ros muzwhry hoey[ ieh muzwhry keI idn qk jwrI rhy[ is`KW dy roh qoN fr ky pµjwb srkwr ny gurbcn isµG Aqy keI horW dy i^lw& kys drj kIqy[

ieh kys drj krn dy bwvjUd srkwr keI idn qk gurbcn isµG ƒ igR&qwr nw kr skI[ ienHW idnW ivc hI igAwnI jrnYl isµG iBMfrWvwilAW ny AYlwn kIqw ik auh AµimRqsr ivc ienHW inrµkwrIAW v`loN aunHW dI AwpxI eImwrq (inrMkwrI Bvn) ivc hox vwlw h&qwvrI smwgm vI nhIN hox dyvygw[ hwlwq Aijhy bx gey ik iek hor tkrwA XkInI sI[ ies hwlq ivc srkwr kol do hI cwry sn: iBµfrWvwly ƒ igR&qwr krnw jW inrµkwrI srgrmIAW nw hox dyxw[ dohW hwlqW ivc srkwr dI byie`zqI huµdI sI[ A^Ir aus AYqvwr dy idn jQydwr jgdyv isµG qlvµfI ny cwlwkI vwlw rol Adw kIqw Aqy igAwnI jrnYl isµG ƒ nwl iljw ky inrµkwrI Bvn ƒ qwly l`gy ivKw ky vwips lY AwieAw qy mwmlw vkqI qOr ‟qy r&w-d&w ho igAw[ BwvyN bwdl ny vkq tpw ilAw pr lokW ny ies nUM iBµfrWvwly Aqy KwVkUAW dI kwmXwbI mMinAw Aqy aus ƒ coKI mShUrI Aqy qwkq imlI[

13 ApRYl 1978 nUM AMimRqsr ivc hoey is`K kqlyAwm dw muk`dmw hweI kort dy hukm nwl pµjwb qoN bwhr krnwl (hirAwxw) ivc qbdIl kr id`qw igAw[ ieh muk`dmw sYSn j`j Awr.AYs. imstr gupqw kol sI[ ies muk`dmy ivc pµjwb srkwr dy vkIlW ny kmzor kys iqAwr kIqw Aqy bhuq hI iF`ly qrIky nwl liVAw[ ieh vI crcw cl ipAw sI ik inrMkwrIAW dy muKI gurbcn isMG ny Awpxy Awp nUM Aqy 61 hor mujrmW ƒ is`KW dy kql qoN pUrI qrW brI krvwaux vwsqy pMjwb srkwr dy vkIlW Aqy j`j gupqw ƒ iek motI rkm irSvq vjoN id`qI hY[ 4 jnvrI 1980 ƒ gupqy ny ienHW 61 mujrmW ƒ „brI‟ krn dw &Yslw dy id`qw[ AkwlI AKvwauNdy cI& minstr prkwS isMG bwdl ny ies &Ysly dy i^lw& srkwr v`loN hweI kort ivc ApIl q`k dwier nw kIqI[

is`KW dy kwqlW ƒ brI krn, AkwlI srkwr v`loN ApIl dwier nw krn, i&rkU ihµdUAW v`loN inrMkwrIAW dI irhweI smyN KuSIAW mnwaux Aqy l`fU vµfx dIAW GtnwvW nwl is`KW ivc bhuq roh pYdw hoieAw[ igAwnI jrnYl isµG iBµfrWvwlw, AKµf kIrqnI jQw, kYnyfw dy jQydwr qlivµdr isµG qy aunHW dy swQI Aqy hor bhuq swry srgrm pµQk kwrkuµn is`KW dy kqlyAwm dy izµmydwrW ƒ XkInn szw dyxw cwhuµdy sn[ Bwrq dIAW byiensw& AdwlqW qoN iensw& nw iml skx mgroN ienHW is`KW dy iensw& Awp krn dw ierwdw kIqw[ies inSwny ƒ hwisl krn vwsqy id`lI qoN BweI rxjIq isµG qy kwbl isMG iqAwr hoey Aqy Ardws kr ky aunHW ny Awpxw imSn SurU kIqw[ auh ies imSn ivc 24 ApRYl 1980 dy idn kwmXwb ho gey[ auh gurbcn isµG, ijs dI BwrqI Adwlq hQoN bcx dI qrkIb qW kwmXwb ho geI sI, ƒ ienHW KwVkUAW ny isr& iqµn mhIny vIh idn mgroN hI „szw‟ dy id`qI sI[

inrµkwrI muKI dy kql mgroN AYNtI-is`K prwpygµfw dI lihr kuJ Gt geI pr hOlI-hOlI is`KW dy i^lw& zihr auglx vwlw lwlw jgq nrwiex qy hor is`K mu^wil& Pyr Awpxy rµg ivc Awaux lg pey[ies mwhOl ivc iBfrWvwilAW nwl sbMDq kuJ nOjvwnW ny 9 sqµbr 1981 dy idn jgq nrwiex ƒ luiDAwxw dy nyVy kql kr id`qw[ (mgroN ies kys ivc iBµfrWvwilAW dy BqIjy nC`qr isµG ƒ aumr kYd dI szw imlI sI)[

lwlw jgq nrwiex dy kql dy sbµD ivc pulIs ny iBµfrWvwilAW ‟qy vI kys drj kr ilAw qy aus ƒ igR&qwr krn vwsqy pulIs Byj id`qI[ iBµfrWvwlw aus vyly hirAwxw dy ipµf cµdo klW ivc sI[ jdoN aus ƒ pqw l`gw ik pulIs aus ƒ igR&qwr krn vwsqy Aw rhI hY qW auh au~QoN inkl igAw Aqy Awpxy fyry cONk mihqw pu`j igAw (iBMfrWvwilAW nUM hirAwxy dy muK mMqrI Bjn lwl dy swQIAW ny pMjwb pulIs dy Awaux dI ieqlwh pihlW dy id`qI sI ijs kwrn auh auQoN inkl sikAw sI)[ pµjwb pulIs ny jdoN cµdoN klW pu`j ky vyiKAw ik iBµfrWvwlw au~QoN jw cukw hY qW ispwhIAW ny gu`sy ivc Aw ky iBµfrW-mihqw jQy dI b`s Aqy hor kuJ swmwn ƒ A`g lw id`qI[ ies ivc gurbwxI dy gutky qy kuJ hor Dwrimk iltrycr vI sI[ auDr iBµfrWvwlw ny cONk mihqw ivc pu`j ky AYlwn kIqw ik mYN 20 sqµbr dy idn igR&qwrI dyvWgw[iBµfrWvwlw ny ieh vI ikhw ik cMdo klW ivc gurbwxI swVn vwilAW nUM vI szw id`qI jweygI[

iBMfrWvwilAW ny igR&qwrI qoN pihlW cOk mihqw ipMf ivc iek kwn&rµs r`K id`qI sI[ iBMfrWvwilAW ƒ igR&qwr krn vwsqy pulIs vI BwrI igxqI ivc phuµcI hoeI sI[ „itRibaUn‟ A^bwr muqwibk cOk mihqy ivc 19 sqµbr ƒ bI.AYs. AYP. dy 1200 kmWfo, pI.ey.pI. dy 4500 Aqy pµjwb pulIs dy 10,000 ispwhI qweInwq sn[ 20 sqMbr 1981 dy idn cOk mihqw ivc hoey dIvwn ivc iqµn l`K qoN v`D is`K pu`jy[ ienHW ivc AkwlI dl dy qkrIbn swry mu`K AwgU Swiml sn[ ies dIvwn ivc AkwlI dl dy pµjwb Aqy id`lI dy sInIAr AwgUAW ny srkwr ƒ vwrinµg id`qI ik jy igAwnI jrnYl isµG dw vwl vI ivµgw hoieAw qW pµjwb Aqy Bwrq isvl vwr dI lpyt ivc Aw jwxgy[

iBMfrWvwilAW ny Swm vyly igR&qwrI dy id`qI[ aus dI igR&qwrI mgroN lokW ny pulIs dy tYNt Aqy g`fIAW swV ky suAwh kr id`qy[ ies ‟qy pulIs ny tIAr gYs, lwTIcwrj Aqy &wieirµg kIqI[ pulIs &wieirµg ivc keI is`K mwry gey[ ienHW dI igxqI 22 d`sI jWdI hY (pr hux q`k isr& 11 is`KW dy nW irlIz kIqy gey hn)[

igAwnI jrnYl isµG dI igR&qwrI qoN mgroN pµjwb ivc ros muzwhry qy jlsy hox dI bjwie ^UnI holI dw mwhOl bx igAw[ ies ‟qy Gbrw ky 22 sqµbr ƒ ieµdrw gWDI sB kuJ C`f-Cfw ky cµfIgVH pu`jI[ aus ny AkwlIAW qk phuµc kIqI pr AkwlI AwgUAW ny aus nwl glbwq krn qoN nWh kr id`qI Aqy pihlW iBµfrWvwilAW ƒ irhw krn vwsqy AwiKAw[ auDr AkwlIAW ny 45 is`K-mµgW dw iek cwrtr vI iqAwr kr ilAw[

iBµfrWvwilAW dI igR&qwrI dy i^lw& Awvwz bulµd krn vwsqy swry pµjwb ivc muzwhry kIqy gey pr dl Kwlsw dy kuJ vrkrW ny ies muhwz ‟qy ieµtrnYSnl p`Dr ‟qy AYkSn krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ 29 sqµbr 1981 dy idn Kwlsw dy pµj vrkrW (gijµdr isµG, sqnwm isµG, krn isµG, qyijµdrpwl isµG, jsbIr isµG) ny eyAr ieMfIAw dw jhwz Agvw kr ilAw Aqy aus ƒ lwhOr lY gey[ AgvwkwrW ny AYlwn kIqw ik auh jhwz dy muswi&rW ƒ AwpxIAW SrqW mµnvwaux mgroN hI C`fxgy[ is`K nOjvwnW v`loN iBMfrWvwilAW nwl eynw izAwdw imlvrqx id`qy jwx nwl AkwlI dl dy kuJ AwgUAW ƒ ieh S`k pYxw SurU ho igAw ik jy iesy qrHW hI c`ldw irhw qW is`K kOm dI AgvweI AkwlI pwrtI dy h`QoN inkl ky iBMfrWvwly dy h`Q ivc Aw jwvygI[ dl Kwlsw ny iBMfrWvwly vwsqy jhwz Agvw kr ky AwpxI pwilsI dw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ iesy qrHW stUfYNts &YfrySn vI, pRDwn BweI AmrIk isµG dy iBMfrW-mihqw jQy nwl sbMDq hox kr ky iBMfrWvwly dy nwl sI[ bbr Kwlsw dy Aqy hor KwVkUU is`K vI iBMfrWvwly dI pUrI ihmwieq krdy sn[ fw: rijMdr kor dw AOrqW dw AkwlI dl pihloN hI „grm pwilsI‟ vwlI jQybµdI sI[…ieh swrIAW g`lW swhvyN r`K ky AkwlI dl ny 27 sqµbr ƒ luiDAwxy dy gurduAwrw AwlmgIr ivc iek hµgwmI mIitµg bulw leI[ ies mIitMg dI kwrvweI pUrI qrHW ^u&IAw r`KI geI sI[ mIitMg dI kwrvweI ^qm hox mgroN AkwlI dl ny AYlwn kIqw ik jy iBMfrWvwly ƒ 17 AkqUbr q`k irhw nw kIqw igAw qW AkwlI dl 18 AkqUbr 1981 qoN isvl-nw&urmwnI dI lihr SurU kr dyvygw[

13-14 AkqUbr ƒ ieµdrw gWDI, drbwrw isMG, sYˆtrl hom minstr Aqy ku`J hor v`fy srkwrI Qµm nvIN id`lI ivc iek`Ty hoey[ aunHW swirAW ny ieµdrw ƒ vwrinµg id`qI pµjwb ƒ A`g lgx qoN bcwaux vwsqy iBµfrWvwilAW ƒ irhw krnw hI pvygw[ A^Ir ies mIitMg ivc ieh &Yslw hoieAw ik iBMfrWvwly A`gy gofy tyk id`qy jwx[ ies qoN iek idn mgroN hI, 15 AkqUbr 1981 dy idn &Irozpur jylH iv`coN iBMfrWvwly ƒ irhw kr id`qw igAw[

1978 qoN mgroN pMjwb ivc KwVkU lihr cl cukI sI ijs hyT inrMkwrIAW dy kuJ AwgU mwry gey sn[ gurbcn isMG inrMkwrI nUM mwrn vwly BweI rxjIq isMG Aqy kwbl isMG dw iksy jQybMdI bwl koeI sbMD nhIN sI[ lwlw jgq nwrwiex dw kql iBMfrWvwilAW ny krvwieAw sI[ pMjwb ivc mwry gey inrMkwrIAW dy mwmwly ivc muK rol jQydwr qlivMdr isMG knyfw dI jQybMdI „bbr Kwlsw‟ Aqy aus jQybMdI nwl sbMDq iqMn motr sweIkl vwilAW (&rIdkot dy iqMn pulIs mulwzm AmrjIq isMG KymkrnI, gurnwm isMG, syvw isMG) dw sI[ ienHW GtnwvW kr ky pµjwb Br ivc iqµn motr sweIkl svwrW dI zbrdsq dihSq PYl geI[ jdoN pulIs ies bbr-jQy dI hkIkq dw pqw nw l`gw skI qW ihµdUA AwgUAW, mhwSw mIfIAw Aqy kWgrs srkwr ny ienHW kwrvweIAW dI izµmydwrI „dl Kwlsw‟ Aqy iBMfrWvwlw au~qy pweI[ ies dw nqIjw ieh inkilAw ik srkwr ƒ Asl izMmydwrW dw pqw hI nw l`g sikAw Aqy AkqUbr 1981 qk srkwr qy pulIs hnHyry ivc hI BtkdI rhI[

dhyVU golI kWf (19 nvMbr 1981) mgroN bbrW dw rwz swhmxy AwieAw qW pulIs dw iDAwn iBMfrWvwlw qoN kuJ ht igAw[ hwlWik iBMfrWvwlw XkInn AYkSn krn dIAW iqAwrIAW kr irhw sI[ 29 nvµbr 1981 ƒ iBMfrWvwilAW dy cOk mihqw vwly fyry ivc iek bµb Pt igAw ijs nwl iqµn is`KW jsvµq isµG, suKimµdr isµG Aqy g`jx isµG dI mOq ho geI[ fyry dy mYnyjr ny ielzwm lwieAw ik ieh bµb inrMkwrIAW ny plWt kIqw sI pr AslIAq ieh hY ik ieh bMb fyry dw Awpxw sI (jW qW ieh au~Qy iqAwr kIqw igAw sI jW iksy AYkSn vwsqy au~Qy ilAWdw igAw sI)[ iBMfrWvwilAW ny kuJ idn pihlW mMg kIqI sI ik “jdoN q`k cMdo klW ivc iBMfrW jQw dI bs Aqy gurbwxI dy gutky swVn dy izMmydwr fI.Awr. B`tI Aqy fI.AweI.jI. mWgt ƒ swfy hvwly nhIN kIqw jWdw audoN q`k smJOqy jW Amn dw svwl hI nhIN auTdw[”

ies dOrwn bbr Kwlsw dI pMjwb XUint ny suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl dI AgvweI hyT bhuq swry inrMkwrI Aqy hor ivroDIAW dw kql kIqw sI[ hux ikauNik jQydwr qlivMdr isMG knyfw jw cukw sI ies kr ky pulIs nUM ienHW vwrdwqW ip`Cy iBMfrWvwilAW dw h`Q hox dw Sk sI[ ies kr ky pµjwb qy Bwrq srkwr ny iBMfrWvwilAW nwl v`fI Aqy lµbI lVweI CyV id`qI ijs dw pihlw pVwA jUn 1984 qk jwrI irhw (Aqy dUjw pVwA drbwr swihb ‟qy hmly qoN mgroN SurU hoieAw)[ ies t`kr dI SurUAwq pulIs v`loN 18 julweI 1982 ƒ kIqI geI[ pulIs ny iBMfrW-mihqw jQw dI jIp ijs ivc iqµn jxy svwr sn, Koh leI qy ies ivc svwr iqµny is`K igR&qwr kr ley gey[ aunHW qoN 16000 rupey krµsI, 455 nµbr dw irvwlvr Aqy 23 kwrqUs vI Koh ley[

iBMfrW-mihqw jQw dy ijhVy iqMn kwrkun 18 julweI ƒ igR&qwr kIqy gey sn, aunHW dI zmwnq ‟qy irhweI krvwaux vwsqy bwbw Twrw isµG, BweI AmrIk isµG Aqy hor swQI jdoN 19 julweI ƒ kcihrI gey qW pulIs ny aunHW ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ilAw[ BweI AmrIk isµG ƒ joigµdr SWq dy kql dI swizS ivc (28 jUn 1982 dI vwrdwq) qy Twrw isµG ƒ cOk mihqw bµb kWf (29 nvMbr 1981 dI vwrdwq) bwry igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ ienHW dohW au~qy zbrdsq qS`dd kIqw igAw[ dohW au~qy kwPI hor kys vI pw id`qy gey[

19 julweI 1982 dy idn jdoN stUfYNts &YfrySn dy pRDwn BweI AmrIk isµG Aqy iBµfrW-mihqw jQw dy hY~fkuAwtr cOk mihqw dy mu`K syvwdwr TwrHw isµG ƒ &OjdwrI kysW ivc igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qW ies dw mksd igAwnI jrnYl isµG prySwn krnw sI[ hwlWik 20 ApRYl 1980 dy gurbcn isMG inrµkwrI dy kql mgroN Aqy mgroN 9 sqµbr 1981 ƒ lwlw jgq nwrwiex dy kql dy kys ivc srkwr ny iBMfrWvwlw ƒ Pswaux dI koiSS kIqI sI[ pr audoN is`KW dy roh qoN fr ky srkwr hiQAwr sutxy pY gey sn[ hux AmrIk isµG Aqy Twrw isµG dI igR&qwrI qoN bwAd ieh jwpdw sI ik ies vwr srkwr jrnYl isµG ƒ vI zrUr igR&qwr kr leygI, ies kr ky ijs idn AmrIk isµG qy Twrw isµG igRPqwr kIqy gey, ausy idn Swm qk jrnYl isµG drbwr swihb pu`j igAw[ aus ny ausy idn ienHW dohW dI irhweI vwsqy morcw lwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ pihly idn 51 is`KW dy jQy ny igR&qwrI id`qI[ j`Qy rozwnw Byjy jwx dy nwl jrnYl isµG ny AYlwn kIqw ik mYN 25 julweI ƒ kOm ƒ nvW pRogrwm dyvWgw[iBMfrWvwilAW ny 25 julweI 1982 dy idn morcy ƒ nvIN Skl dyx dw AYlwn kIqw hoieAw sI[ 25 qrIK ƒ svyry 11 vjy iBMfrWvwilAW dy kmry ivc rxDIr isµG cImw, fw. gurnwm isµG qIr, fw. hrijµdr isµG idlgIr ies ƒ AwKrI Skl dyx dI iqAwrI kr rhy sn[ A^Ir fw. qIr, idlgIr, pRo. mihµdr isµG vZYrw v`loN hrimµdr isMG sMDU ƒ iBMfrWvwilAW v`loN kIqy jwx vwly AYlwx dI iebwrq ilKw id`qI geI[ hrimµdr aus ibAwn ƒ iBMfrWvwilAW koloN mnzUrI vwsqy idKwaux lY igAw[ qkrIbn ausy vyly hI gurcrn isMG tOhVw Aqy Bwn isµG (sk`qr SRomxI kmytI) iBMfrWvwilAW dy kmry ivc pu`jy[ tOhVw ny iBMfrWvwilAW nUM XkIn duAwieAw ik Agly idn AkwlI pwrtI dI PqihgVH swihb ivc hox vwlI mIitµg ivc quhwfw morcw Apxw ilAw jwvygw[ ies ‟qy igAwnI jrnYl isµG ny iqAwr kIqw hoieAw AYlwn rok ilAw Aqy mMjI swihb styj qoN „morcw kwmXwbI qk jwrI rhygw‟ dw AYlwn kr id`qw[

auDr vwAdy muqwibk SRomxI AkwlI dl ny 26 julweI ƒ &qihgVH swihb ‟c AwpxI vrikµg kmytI dI mIitµg kIqI Aqy 4 Agsq qoN morcw lwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ies AYlwn ivc ieh m`d vI Swiml sI ik „igR&qwr kIqy bygunwh is`K irhwA kIqy jwx[‟ AkwlI dl ny bhwny nwl igAwnI jrnYl isµG dw morcw Apxw ilAw sI[ drAsl SRomxI AkwlI dl dy AwgUAW ƒ vI ieh ieæhsws sI ik jy bwbw jrnYl isµG dw morcw izAwdw dyr cldw irhw qW is`K Avwm aus dy nwl juV jweygw Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl dy AwDwr ƒ bhuq D`kw lgygw[ so iBMfrWvwilAW dw morcw Apnwaux dw AYlwn C`f ky, bwkI swrw kuJ iBMfrWvwilAW vwlw hI sI[ieh „kµn ƒ dUjy pwisEN h`Q lwaux‟ vwlI g`l sI[ jdoN 4 Agsq ƒ AkwlI pwrtI ny morcw ApxwieAw qW iBMfrWvwilAW ny Awpxw morcw AkwlI pwrtI ivc Swiml krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ies qrHW iBMfrWvwilAW dw morcw hux AkwlI dl dw morcw bx igAw[ pr, ies dOrwn iBMfrWvwlw drbwr swihb ivc hI irhw[

sqµbr qy AkqUbr ivc 30 hzwr qoN v`D is`K igR&qwrIAW dy cu`ky sn[ hux srkwr kol jylHW ivc QW nhIN sI bcI[ ies dOrwn swbkw vzIr svrn isµG ny ieµdrw Aqy AkwlIAW ivckwr smJOqw krvwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI pr aus ny vI ieµdrw au~qy „bd-idAwnqI‟ dw ielzwm lw ky 3 nvµbr ƒ hiQAwr su`t id`qy sn[ ies ‟qy 4 nvµbr ƒ SRomxI AkwlI dl ny AYlwn kIqw ik AkwlI dl 19 nvµbr qoN 4 dsµbr 1982 qk id`lI ivc hox vwlIAW eySIAn KyfW dOrwn pRotYst krygw[ ienHW idnW ivc id`lI ivc igR&qwrIAW dyx vwsqy jQy Byjx dw AYlwn vI kIqw igAw[

ies vyly hirAwxy dw cI& minstr Bjn lwl sI[ aus ny hirAwxw pulIs Aqy bI.AYs.AY&. dIAW bhuq swrIAW btwlIAnW sUby ivc qweInwq kr id`qIAW[ aus ny hr iek sVk, jo pµjwb coN AwauNdI sI, ‟qy keI-keI nwky lwaux Aqy pµjwb ‟coN hirAwxw ivc dwi^l hox vwly hr is`K ƒ rokx dy hukm jwrI kr id`qy[

ieµ\ hI hirAwxy ivcoN jo sVk vI id`lI ivc huµdI sI ‟qy vI nwky lw idqy gey qW jo pµjwb hI nhIN hirAwxw ivcoN vI koeI vI is`K id`lI ivc dwi^l nw ho sky[ swrIAW srh`dW ‟qy, ivdySI mulk dI iemIgrySn vWg, bwrfr sIl kr ky, hr kwr, tr`k, b`s qy g`fI ƒ rok ky aus ivcoN hr p`g vwly S^s ƒ auqwirAw igAw, aus dI qlwSI leI geI qy byiezq kr ky vwips Byj idqw igAw[ ienHW byiezq hox vwilAW ivc hweIkort dy j`j, sInIAr bw-vrdI &OjI A&sr, sInIAr srkwrI A&sr, v`fy-v`fy vpwrI qy keI mohqbr S^sIAqW vI sn[ Bjn lwl dy ies hukm ny swry is`KW ƒ ieµdrw qy Bjn lwl dy duSmx bxw idqw[ pr ies byiezqI ny is`KW ivc Zulwm hox Aqy Kwilsqwn dI j`do-jihd dw ihmwieqI bxn dw iehæsws vI bVI iS`dq nwl Br id`qw[ aunHW nUM hux iehæsws hox lg ipAw ik Bwrq is`KW vwsqy ivdyS hY qy auh is`KW nUM duSmx smJdw hY[ is`KW nUM ieh smJwaux vwsqy jo rol AkwlI dl dw pRcwr nw krvw sikAw auh is`KW nwl n&rq krn vwly hirAwxy dy cI& minstr Bjn lwl ny kuJ hI idnW ivc kr idKwieAw[

eySIAweI KyfW dOrwn ijnHW is`KW nwl izAwdqI Aqy guµfwgrdI hoeI sI, aunHW ivc bhuq swry &OjI A&sr vI sn[ ienHW ivcoN bhuq pihlW srkwr invwz jW kWgrsI sn[ jdoN aunHW nUM ^ud nUM syk l`igAw qW aunHW nUM iehæsws hoieAw ik auh ies dyS ivc Zulwm hn[ ieh soc ky aunHW ny pµQ v`l muVn dw &Yslw kIqw[ ienHW ivcoN kuJ 17 nvµbr 1982 ƒ myjr jnrl mihMdr isµG qy gurbKS isµG dI kmwWf hyT hrcMd isMG lONgovwl kol Awey qy dl ƒ AwpxIAW syvwvW dI pySkS kIqI (ieh auhI kmWfr sn ijnHW ny sqMbr 1965 dI Bwrq-pwik jMg ivc tYNkW dI lVweI ij`qI sI Aqy Bwrq dy bhuq v`fy ielwky nUM pwiksqwn dy kbzy ivc jwx qoN Aqy Bwrq nUM zbrdsq hwr qoN bcwieAw sI)[ ies ‟qy hrcµd isµG lONgovwl ny swbk &OjIAW dI iek knvYnSn 26 dsµbr 1982 dy idn AµimRqsr ivc bulw leI[ ies ivc AkwlI pwrtI muqwibk 13619 (Aqy srkwr muqwibk 5000) swbk &OjI Swiml hoey[swbk &OjIAW dI knvYnSn ivc hornW qoN ielwvw pMj myjr jnrl (subyg isµG, gurbKS isµG, mihµdr isµG, idlbwg isµG Aqy nirµdr isµG), pMj lY&tInYˆt jnrl, vIh brgyfIAr, s`qr krnl qy cwr sO hor sInIAr rYkW dy A&sr vI Swiml hoey[ ies knvYnSn ivc swbk &OjIAW ny SRomxI AkwlI dl dI mukMml ihmwieq krn dw mqw pws kIqw[

ies mOky ‟qy iek &OjI juigµdr isµG mwn ny ieh vI mµg kIqI ik iBµfrWvwilAW ƒ „Akwl q^q‟ dw muK syvwdwr (jQydwr) bxwieAw jwvy[ kuJ swbk &OjIAW Aqy hor srgrm vrkrW dw i^Awl sI ik ies nwl pµQ dy msilAW dw h`l ho jwvygw[ ies mµg ny AkwlI pwrtI qy iBMfrWvwilAW ivckwr iek pwsy Aqy iBµfrWvwilAW Aqy AKµf kIrqnIey j`Qy qy bbr Kwlsw ivckwr dUjy pwsy, iek zbrdsq drwV pYdw kr id`qI[ kuJ lok jo ies dy s^q i^lw& sn[ aunHW dw ieqrwz sI ik iBµfrWvwlw dw fyrw Akwl q^q nwloN v`KrI rihq mirAwdw ivc XkIn rKdw hY qy aus dy Awaux nwl q^q dI mirAwdw bdl jwvygI[

10 mwrc ƒ AµimRqsr nyVy mwnWvwlw ipMf dy bwhr sVk ‟qy pulIs ny iBMfrW-mihqw j`Qw dI iek jIp au~qy bµb Aqy goly mwr ky iek is`K hrdyv isµG rofy mwr id`qw[ ies qoN ielwvw gurmuK isµG qy AxoK isµG bbr z^mI hoey[ fI.AweI.jI. Atvwl Aqy ey.pI. pWfy ienHW kqlW dy izMmydwr sn[ (iek crcw muqwibk ieh KwVkU luiDAwxy dy zwlm pulsIey fI.Awr. B`tI ƒ mwrn jw rhy sn)[

AkwlI pwrtI ny ienHIN idnIN AYlwn kIqw sI ik hux srkwr nwl g`lbwq nhIN kIqI jwvygI Aqy „mrjIviVAW‟ dy dl bxw ky „ShIdIAW‟ id`qIAW jwxgIAW[ ies „ShIdI dl‟ dy nW hyT 12 ApRYl qoN iek l`K is`KW ƒ BrqI krn dw tIcw im`iQAw igAw[ 12 ApRYl 1983 dy idn igAwnI jrnYl isµG ny ies iek l`K isµGW dI „mrjIvVw ShIdI &Oj‟ dy pihly ispwhI vjoN Awpxw nW pyS kIqw[ ies mgroN kuJ hI idnW ivc do l`K qoN v`D „mrjIvVy‟ ShIdW dI BrqI ho cukI sI[ AkwlI pwrtI

ny ieh „BrqI‟ jW „ShIdI dl‟ iek DmkI vjoN AYlwinAw sI[ pr pwrtI Aµdr bYTy jsUs nwl nwl srkwr ƒ ieh vI AwKI jw rhy sn ik ieh „idKwvw‟ hI hY, ienHW ivcoN koeI vI lIfr „ShIdI‟ dyx vwlw nhIN hY[ ieM\ ieh sB iek rsmI kwrvweI qoN v`D kuJ vI nhIN sI ikauNik ies „ShIdI &Oj‟ ny kdy vI koeI rol vI Adw nw kIqw[ies qrHW pwrtI dw ieh AYlwn vI srkwr ƒ ihlw nw sikAw[ auN\ A^bwrW dIAW sur^IAW dw ih`sw zrUr bxdw irhw[

srkwr dy h`Q Toky bx ky is`KW au~qy byh`d zulm Fwhux vwilAW ivcoN iek pulsIAw Avqwr isMG Atvwl vI sI[ KwVkU aus qoN Cutkwrw pwaux vwsqy bhuq swrIAW nwkwm koiSSW kr cuky sn, pr auh kwbU nhIN Aw irhw sI[ A^Ir 25 ApRYl 1983 dy idn jdoN auh drbwr swihb ivcoN sUhW lY ky bwhr Aw irhw sI qW iek is`K (Swied dwrw isµG) ny aus ƒ AwpxI styn-gµn nwl kql kr id`qw[ Atvwl 20 sqµbr 1981 ƒ mihqy ivc golI clwaux, kulvµq isµG nwgoky ƒ ShId krn, gurmIq isµG DUlkot dy kql, hrdyv isµG rofy dy kql qy dwENky ivc zulm krn qy krvwaux dw izµmydwr grdwinAw igAw sI[

Agsq 1983 ivc iBMfrW-mihqw jQw dy BweI AmrIk isµG, bwbw Twrw isµG, AmrjIq isµG cwvlw, hrivµdr isµG ig`l, svrn isMG (lwlw kys) v`K v`K kysW iv`coN brI ho gey Aqy mih&Uz drbwr swihb phuµc gey[ aunHW ny 20 sqMbr nUM drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dy mMjI swihb dIvwn hwl ivc, cOk mihqw ivc 1981 ivc pulIs v`loN mwry gey is`KW dI Xwd mnwaux vwsqy, iek iek`T bulw ilAw[ ies smwgm ivc bhuq swry AkwlI AwgUAW ny ieµdrw gWDI ƒ vwrinµg id`qI ik jy is`KW Aqy pµjwb dIAW mµgW nw mµnIAW geIAW qW iek isvl vwr iCV pvygI[ jQydwr jgdyv isµG qlvµfI ny qW pµjwb ivc muqvwzI srkwr kwiem krn dI vI DmkI id`qI[ ies ‟qy aus ƒ Aqy suKijµdr isMG ƒ nYSnl sikaUirtI AYkt hyT nzrbµd kr id`qw igAw[

5 AkqUbr ƒ iFlvW nyVy iek b`s ƒ rok ky 6 ihµdU muswiPrW ƒ auqwr ky kql kr id`qw igAw[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh hrkq cI& minstr ny ^ud krvweI sI qy ies ivc BrpUr isMG (cyArmYn pMjwb skUl AYjUkySn borf) dw muK rol sI[ ieh kql KwVkUAW ny nhIN kIqy sn Aqy iek kWgrs ny BwVy dy bµidAW qoN krvwey sn qW jo pµjwb ‟c gvrnrI rwj kwiem kIqw jw sky; qy 6 AkqUbr ƒ Aijhw hI hoieAw[ ies mgroN pµjwb ‟c hor vI keI bygunwhW dy kql hoey[ ienHW ivcoN keI kql srkwrI eyjµsIAW ny krvwey sn qy jW aunHW dI swizS qy BVkwht hyT hoey sn[

ies vyly drbwr swihb dIAW srwvW ivc iBMfrWvwly dw jQw Aqy bbr Kwlsw (suKdyv isMG grup) dy keI kwrkuMn rih rhy sn[ mOjUdw KwVkU lihr dy pihly AYkSn jQydwr qlivMdr isMG dI AgvweI ivc bbr Kwlsw ny kIqy sn pr vDyry crcw iBMfrWvwly dw hoieAw sI qy bbr Kwlsw nUM koeI nhIN sI jwxdw[ ies kr ky is`KW v`loN KwVkUAW vwsqy Awaux vwly &Mf vI iBMfrWvwly nUM hI pu`jdy sn[ bbr Kwlsw dw suKdyv isMG grup ies qoN AOKw sI[ hux aunHW ny Awpxy Awp nUM zwhr krn dI plwn bxweI[ aunHW ny iBMfrWvwly dy i^lw& vI bolxw SurU kr id`qw[ BwvyN dohW ivc JgVw 1982 ‟c hI SurU ho igAw sI pr 1983 dIAW grmIAW ivc dovyN DVy iek dUjy ƒ bhuq n&rq krn l`g pey sn[ ieDr drbwr swihb kµplYks ivc dohW ivckwr „Awpxw dbkw kwiem krn‟ dI kSmkS vI cl rhI sI[

ies mwhOl ivc kuJ isAwixAW ny iBMfrWvwly nUM slwh id`qI ik auh tkrwA ivc nw Awvy[ ies kr ky auh 15 dsµbr 1983 ƒ Akwl buMgw (ijs nUM Zlq qOr ‟qy Akl q^q ikhw jw irhw hY) vwlI eImwrq ivc clw igAw[ drAsl ies dw iek ipCokV ieh vI sI ik ^brW Aw rhIAW sn ik ieMdrw gWDI ny kmWfo AYkSn kr ky iBMfrWvwly nUM cu`k ilAwaux dw hukm jwrI kIqw hoieAw sI[

hux ieMdrw gWDI drbwr swihb ‟qy &OjI hmly dI iqAwrI krn lg peI sI[ ies skIm nwl aus ny 1983 dIAW grmIAW ivc BwrqI &Oj dy muKI jnrl AYs. ky. isnhw kol AwpxI ^wihS zwihr kr id`qI sI[ pr jnrl isnhw ny ieMdrw gWDI nUM ieh hrkq krn qoN roikAw sI[ (isnhw ny ieh g`l 26 jUn 2011 dy idn „fyA AYNf nweIt‟ tIvI qoN SryAwm khI sI)[ ieMdrw gWDI ny jd jnrl isnhw ‟qy zor pwieAw qW aus ny AgwaUN irtwiermYNt hwisl kr leI sI[ aus mgroN ieMdrw gWDI ny Arux SRIDr vYdXw nUM &Oj dI kmwn dy id`qI sI[ sqMbr 1983 ivc ieMdrw ny jnrl vYdXw nUM drbwr swihb ‟qy hmlw krn vwsqy iqAwrI krn vwsqy hdwieqW id`qIAW sn[ aus dy nwl hI vYstrn kmWf dy jI.E.sI. ikRSn svwmI suMdrjI nUM vI ifptI vjoN qweInwq kIqw sI[ ieh dovyN ieMdrw gWDI dy v&wdwrW vW| aus dy hukm mMn ky drbwr swihb ‟qy hmly vwsqy iqAwrI krn lg pey sn[ ies mksd vwsqy sB qoN pihlW „puzIsn pypr‟ iqAwr kIqw igAw sI ijs ivc swrI

AYkSn plwn sI[ dsMbr 1983 ivc ies plwn nUM ieMdrw gWDI kol pyS kIqw igAw sI[ aus ny 15 jnvrI 1984 dy idn vyYdX qy suMdrjI nUM drbwr swihb ‟qy hmlw krn vwsqy iqAwr rihx dw hukm dy id`qw sI[ ieh hmlw iksy vyly vI kIqw jw skdw sI[ ieh hukm dyx mgroN ieMdrw ny rUs, ieMglYNf Aqy iesrweIl nwl rwbqw kwiem kIqw sI[ ieMdrw ny ies mdd bdly ienHW iqMnW hI srkwrW nUM aunHW koloN hiQAwr Aqy hor swmwn ^rIdx vwsqy v`fy Awrfr dyx dI pySkS kIqI sI[

drbwr swihb ‟qy ies hmly dI plwn ivc sB qoN v`fw hYrwnkuMn AYkSn ieMglYNf dI pRweIm minstr mrgryt QYcr dw sI[ auh ieMdrw gWDI dI swizS ivc iek dm hI Swiml ho geI sI[ cwhIdw qW ieh sI ik auh ^u&IAw qOr ‟qy pqw krdI ik ieMdrw gWDI dw Asl mnSw kI hY? kI ieh hrkq kOmWqrI AsUlW dy ault qW nhIN? kI ies dy ipCokV ivc keI hor swizS qW nhIN? pr, ies dI bjwie mwrgryt QYcr ny ibnw iksy Koj pVqwl qoN, do-cwr idnW dy AMdr AMdr, Awpxy do sInIAr AYs.ey.AYs. A&sr, ^u&IAw qOr ‟qy, id`lI Aqy AMimRqsr Byj id`qy[ iek AMgryz A&sr 17 &rvrI 1984 dy idn drbwr swihb iek XwqrU dy qOr ‟qy igAw Aqy swrw mOkw dyiKAw[ aus idn rIhrsl vjoN drbwr swihb ‟qy byvjh golIAW dw mINh vrHwieAw igAw[ ies nwl A`DI drjn XwqrU mwry gey; pr KwVkUAW ny iek vI golI nw clweI[ drAsl KwVkU Awpxw Aslw zwieAw nhIN krnw cwhuMdy sn[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ieh AYkSn ibRitS A&sr dIAW hdwieqW muqwibk kIqw igAw sI jo ies dw jvwby-Aml (rIAYkSn) dyKxw cwhuMdw sI[ ies qoN bwAd aus A&sr ny iek plwn iqAwr kIqI sI ijs rwhIN kmWfo AYkSn kr ky iBMfrWvwlw nUM cu`ikAw jwxw sI[ ies plwn dI ieMdrw gWDI ny mnzUrI id`qI sI[ mgroN ieMdrw gWDI ny ieh plwn bdl id`qI sI qy is`Dw pUrw hmlw krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[

mwrgryt QYcr dI ies kwrvweI dw rwz KolHdIAW ieh ^u&IAw ic`TIAW 6 &rvrI 1984 Aqy 23 &rvrI 1984 dIAW hn[ 6 &rvrI dI ic`TI brwien hwl (pRweIvyt sYktrI tU &w`rn minstr jY&rI hOvy) dI 3 &rvrI dI ic`TI dy jvwb ivc sI[ ieh ic`TI AY&.eI.Awr. btlr (ipRMsIpl pRweIvyt sYktrI tU mwrgryt QYcr) v`loN ilKI sI ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik “swnUM id`lI qoN Arz AweI hY ik ieMdrw gWDI nwl „mqByd r`Kx vwly‟ is`KW nUM drbwr ivcoN k`Fx vwsqy slwh id`qI jwvy” {not: ies ivc aunHW nUM dihSqgrd jW v`KvwdI vI nhIN ikhw igAw qy isr& srkwr nwl„mqByd r`Kx vwly‟, Xwin srkwr/ieMdrw gWDI dy ivroDI, ikhw igAw hY}[ ies ic`TI muqwibk QYcr ny &w`rn sYktrI (vzIr) nUM aus v`loN Bwrq srkwr dI mdd vwsqy bxweI plwn nUM kbUl kr ilAw sI Aqy Awpxy &OjI AYfvweIzr (A&sr) id`lI Byjx vwsqy ikhw sI[ (ies ic`TI dI iek-iek kwpI if&YNs minstrI dy ircrf motrwm Aqy kYbint d&qr dy ircrf hYt&Ilf nUM vI ByjI geI sI[

dUjI ic`TI, 23 &rvrI 1984 dI sI jo bI.jy.pI. &wl (pRweIvyt sYktrI tU &w`rn minstr jY&rI hOvy) v`loN ihaU tylr (pRweIvyt sYktrI tU hom sYktrI ilEn ibRtn) nUM ilKI geI sI[ ies dw hYifMg hI “is`K kimaUintI” sI[ ies ivc d`isAw igAw hY ik drbwr swihb ‟qy AYkSn krn dI plwn sbMDI, ieMglYNf dI srkwr dw iek AYs.ey.AYs. A&sr, ieMglYNf dI pRweIm minstr QYcr dI mnzUrI nwl, Bwrq igAw sI Aqy aus ny iek plwn iqAwr kIqI sI ijs nUM ieMdrw gWDI ny mnzUrI id`qI sI[ (Xwin ies ic`TI qoN sw& spSt hY ik ieh plwn ieMglYNf dy &OjI A&srW ny hI bxweI sI)[

iesy ic`TI ivc &w`rn sYktrI hor ilKdw hY ik Bwrq srkwr aus brqwnvI A&sr dI plwn ‟qy jldI hI AYkSn krygI[ ic`TI ivc ikhw igAw hY ik ies AYkSn (Xwin drbwr swihb ‟qy hmly) dw nqIjw pMjwb ivc i&rkU &swd BVkygw Aqy ies dw Asr ieMglYNf ivc rihMdy BwrqI BweIcwry ‟qy vI pvygw; ^ws kr ky jy ieh rwz KulH igAw ik ieMglYNf dw AYs.ey.AYs. A&sr ies (Xwin drbwr swihb ‟qy hmly) ivc Swiml sI[ {ies ic`TI dI iek-iek kwpI if&YNs minstrI dy rOibn btlr (nMbr 10, Xwin pRweIm minstr d&qr), ircrf motrwm (minstrI Aw& if&YNs Aqy kYbint d&qr dy ircrf hYt&Ilf (kYbnt Awi&s) nUM vI ByjI geI sI)[ (13 Aqy 14 jnvrI 2014 dy idn ieh do ic`TIAW ieMtrnYt rwhIN swry pwsy PYl geIAW sn Aqy dunIAW Br ivc swry pwsy zbrdsq qU&wn auT KVw hoieAw sI[(mgroN 4 &rvrI 2014 dy idn brqwnIAw dy &w`rn sYktrI ivlIAm hyg ny brqwnvI pwrlImYNt ivc mMinAw ik brqwnIAw ny isr& slwh id`qI sI qy &OjI mdd nhIN id`qI sI)[

rUs qW pihlW hI ieMdrw dI mdd kr irhw sI, ies kr ky auh qW iek dm mMn igAw sI[ ies mgroN ieMdrw gWDI ny rwA dy do A&sr mwsko Byjy sn ij`Qy aunHW ny rUs dI ^u&IAw eyjMsI ky.jI.bI. Aqy rUsI &Oj dy sInIAr jrnYlW nwl bhuq swrIAW mulwkwqW kIqIAW sn qy isKlweI hwisl kIqI sI[ mgroN ieh rUsI A&sr id`lI vI jWdy rhy qy drbwr swihb ‟qy hmly dI plwn bxwaux ivc AgvweI dyNdy rhy[ ieM\ hI rwA dy ieh do A&sr jyrUslym vI gey qy iesrweIl dI ^u&IAw eyjMsI „mOswd‟ qoN vI mdd leI; crcw hY ik mOswd ny vI hmly vwsqy iek plwn bxw ky id`qI sI[

jnrl vYdX ny &Oj dy swry ih`isAW ivc sB qoN vDIAw 600 kmWfo cux ky iek &ors iqAwr kIqI sI Aqy id`lI qoN 296 iklomItr dUr, auqrwKMf ivc, BwrqI &Oj dy sB qoN Aihm A`fy ckrwqw dIAW phwVIAW ivc drbwr swihb dw iek pUry sweIz dw izMdw mwfl iqAwr kIqw igAw sI Aqy drbwr swihb ‟qy kbzw krn vwsqy lgwqwr rIhrsl SurU kr id`qI geI sI[ kuJ hI h&iqAW ivc &Oj ny AYlwn kr id`qw ik aunHW dI plwinMg kwmXwb hox ivc koeI ksr nhIN hY Aqy auh hmlw krn dy 36 GMitAW ivc hI drbwr swihb ‟qy kbzw kr lYxgy[

&rvrI 1984 ivc jnrl vYdXw qy suMdrjI ny ieMdrw gWDI nUM kih id`qw sI ik auh hmly vwsqy pUrI qrHW iqAwr hn[ ieMdrw gWDI ny ieh swrw kuJ Awpxy nzdIkIAW (Arux nihrU, Arux isMh qy rwjIv gWDI vZYrw) nwl ivcwirAw[

17 &rvrI 1984 qoN mgroN vI Bwrq srkwr dy ^u&IAw mihkmy dy do sInIAr A&sr gYrI sksYnw qy Awr.AYn.rwE keI vwr lMfn gey Aqy ieMglYNf dIAW ^u&IAw eyjMsIAW Aqy &Oj qoN slwh Aqy AgvweI lYNdy rhy sn[ ieM\ hI ienHW A&srW ny mwsko (rUs) Aqy qY~l AvIv (iesrweIl) dy vI keI c`kr lwey sn[

ies dOrwn ieMdrw gWDI ny AwpxI ^u&IAw „Qrf eyjMsI‟ dy rwhIN pMjwb ivc gVbV krwauxI SurU kr id`qI sI qW jo is`KW ‟qy gVbV krn dy doS lw ky &OjI hmly nUM shI TihrwieAw jw sky[

&rvrI 1984 dy A^Ir Aqy ApRYl ivc do vwr drbwr swihb ‟qy hmlw krn dw pRogrwm bixAw pr, dovyN vwr, AYn mOky ‟qy ies nUM mulqvI kr id`qw jWdw irhw[

A^Ir 31 meI 1984 dI rwq nUM ieMdrw gWDI ny jnrl vYdXw nUM hmlw krn dy hukm jwrI kIqy Aqy pihlI jUn nUM qkrIbn iek l`K &OjW AMimRqsr v`l c`l peIAW sn[

drbwr swihb ‟qy hmly ivc qkrIbn iek l`K &Oj ies swrI muihµm ivc, iek jW dUjy qrIky nwl, Swiml sn[ ienHW ivc, AwrmI, nyvI qy eyAr&ors, iqµny Swiml sn[ pihlI jUn ƒ cµfIgVH kol cµfI mµdr „2 kor‟ dy hY~fkuAwrtr ivc ky.AYs. brwV, lY&tInYNt jnrl ky. suµdrjI, Awr.AYs. idAwl Aqy keI hor &OjI A&sr iek`Ty hoey sn[ ienHW ivcoN suµdrjI pwiksqwn nwl hoeI 1965 dI lVweI ivc iek rjmYNt dw kmWfr irhw sI qy idAwl vI iesy lVweI ivc ih`sw lY rhI „pYrwSUt rjmYNt‟ dw iek myjr sI[ cµfI mµdr CwauxI ivc hoeI ies mIitµg ivc &Yslw hoieAw ik igAwnI zYl isMG* Aqy ieMdrw vloN id`qI hdwieq muqwibk drbwr swihb ‟qy hmlw kIqw jwxw sI Aqy swry kµplYks pUrw kbzw 48 qoN 72 Gµty ivc mukµml kIqw jwxw sI[ ies AYkSn dy do muK ih`sy sn: drbwr swihb ‟qy hmlw Aqy kbzw krnw (ApRySn blU stwr); Aqy pwiksqwn dI AµimRqsr v`l srh`d ^ws kr ky Aqy bwkI pµjwb nwl srh`d nUM vI sIl krnw (ApRySn vu`f roz)[ srh`d sIl krn dw kµm 11 kor XUint, ijs dw muKI lY&tInYNt jnrl ky. gOrI Sµkr sI, ƒ sONipAw igAw sI[ (*ieh korw JUT hY ik igAwnI zYl isMG nUM hmly dw pqw nhIN sI qy aus ny dsq^q nhIN sn kIqy[ drAsl ieh hmlw aus dI mrzI nwl hoieAw sI)[

BwvyN Asl lVweI 4 jUn svyry 4 vj ky 40 imµt qy SurU hoeI sI, pr &OjI hmly dw cI& brwV AwpxI ikqwb AprySn blU stwr ivc JUT bol ky ies ƒ pµj jUn Swm swFy cwr vjy qoN ilKdw hY, jdoN aus muqwibk, &Oj ny lwaUf spIkrW rwhIN lokW ƒ drbwr swihb ‟coN bwhr Aw jwx vwsqy AwiKAw sI[ brwV muqwibk ieh AYlwn Swm 7 vjy qk kIqy jWdy rhy sn[ aus dw kihxw hY ik 7 vjy dy krIb isr& 129 AwdmI, AOrqW Aqy b`cy hI bwhr Awey sn[ ienHW bwlgW ivcoN bhuqy bImwr sn[ pr, brwV dI id`qI qwrI^ Aqy vkq dovyN Zlq hn[ brwV dI id`qI qwrI^ drAsl „Aw^rI v`fy hmly‟ dI SurUAwq dI qwrI^ hY[

brwV muqwibk &Oj ny aus rwq 10 vjy qk hotl „tYNpl ivaU‟ Aqy bRhm bUtw AKwVw ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ies qoN iqµn Gµty qoN vI G`t smyN dy Aµdr-Aµdr BwrqI &Oj dI „10 gwrf‟ Gµtw Gr vloN drbwr swihb v`l dwi^l hoeI sI[ dwi^l huµidAW hI ies dy 50 &OjI KwVkUAW h`QoN mwry gey[ z^mI hox vwlIAW ivc jsbIr rYxw vI sI (jo 3 jUn ƒ drbwr swihb dy Aµdr jw ky, jwsUsI kr ky AwieAw sI)[ jsbIr rYxw ƒ lgIAW golIAW kwrn mgroN aus dI l`q vI ktxI peI sI[ (lok ies ƒ „ZdwrI dI szw‟ AwKdy hn)[ Gµtw Gr vloN 10 gwrf dy nwl-nwl pYrw kmWfo Aqy AYs.AYs.AYP. ny vI AprySn SurU kIqw sI[

sYNkVy &OjI QoVHw-QoVHw kr ky ieDroN Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq (ijs nUM Akwl q^q kihMdy sn) v`l vDdy gey sn qy mwry jWdy rhy sn[ aunHW dw inSwnw buMgw Akwl q^q vwlI iemwrq nyVy phuµc ky ies dy Aµdr gYs dy goly su`txw sI, ijs nwl KwVkU byhoS ho jWdy jW mwry jWdy[ pr ies inSwny ‟c &Oj ƒ kwmXwbI hwisl nw hoeI qy sYNkVy &OjI mwry gey[ aunHW zmIn ‟qy srk-srk ky, irVH-irVH ky vI A`gy v`Dx dI koiSS kIqI pr KwVkUAW vloN &rS ‟qy i&t kIqI mSIngµn ny sYNkVy &OjI mwr id`qy Aqy keI GµitAW bwAd hI BwrqI &OjI drSnI ifauFI dy nyVy pu`jx ‟c kwmXwb hoey, pr audoN hI hvw dw ruK aunHW v`l ho igAw, ijs nwl ieh gYs aultw aunHW vwsqy hI musIbq bx geI[ hux qk Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq, drSnI ifauFI qy inSwn swihb dy ivckwr isr& lwSW hI lwSW sn qy koeI vI &OjI bc nhIN sI sikAw[

ies AprySn dOrwn &Oj ny pirkrmw dy swry kmirAW, ij`QoN-ij`QoN &Oj lµGdI geI, ivc grnyf su`t ky au~Qy hwizr hr iek S^s ƒ mwr id`qw sI[ pr Aijhw kridAW vI drjnW &OjI mwry gey sn[ bcy-Kucy &OjIAW dI AgvweI lY&tInYNt jnrl iesrwr ^wn ny sµBwlI hoeI sI[ dUjy pwsy rIzrv kµpnI ny AlmInIAm dI iek pOVI lweI qy auh prkrmw dI iemwrq dI pihlI mµizl ‟qy pu`j geI[ aunHW ny grnyf su`t ky Aqy golIAW dI vwCV kr ky Gµtw Gr dy iblkul nyVy dy kmirAW ‟qy kbzw krn dI koiSS kIqI[ ies AYkSn ivc vI bhuq swrI &Oj mwrI geI qy keI KwVkU vI jwn guAw bYTy[

auuDr buMgw vwlI iemwrq v`l BwvyN &OjIAW ƒ mOq qoN isvw kuJ nhIN sI hwisl ho sikAw, pr iPr vI aunHW ny Awpxw AYkSn jwrI r`iKAw sI[ hux lY&tInYNt jnrl ky.sI. p`fw Awpxy sUbydwr myjr qy 30 kmWfo lY ky A`gy viDAw sI[ pr auh swry hI mwry gey sn[ ies qoN bwAd &Oj dI iek tukVI gurduAwrw QVHw swihb dy nwl dI iemwrq ‟qy pu`j geI qy Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq ‟qy goly vrHwxy SurU kr id`qy[ auDr AYs.AYs.AY&. dI gYs su`tx vwlI tolI hOlI-hOlI drSnI ifauFI vl vDI qy 20 mItr qoN Akwl q^q vwlI iemwrq ‟qy AµnHy-vwh goly su`txy SurU kIqy pr vrHdIAW golIAW ny aunW dw s&wieAw kr id`qw[ ienHW gYs-goilAW dw vI KwVkUAW ‟qy koeI Asr nw ho sikAw ikauNik Akwl q^q vwlI iemwrq dy drvwzy, iKVkIAW qy rOSndwn sB pUrI qrHW bµd sn[ dUjw, JroiKAW ‟coN &OjIAW ‟qy golwbwrI ho rhI sI qy &OjI mwry jw rhy sn[ qIjw, gYs dy DUµey dw ru^ &Oj vwly pwsy hox kr ky vI &Oj dw bhuq nukswn ho irhw sI[

auDr „26 mdrws‟ rjmYNt ny rwq 10 vjy jilHAW vwlw bwZ qoN gurU rwmdws srW v`l hmlw krnw sI jdoN ieh rjmYNt gurU rwmdws srW vwly pwsy dy myn gyt ‟qy pu`jI qW aus koloN ieh gyt Ku`l hI nw sikAw[ AKIr aus ny tYNk mµgvw ley qy tYNkW nwl srW vwly pwsy dw myn gyt qoiVAw[ ies vyly srW, lµgr Aqy bwbw Atl vwly moricAW qoN golIbwrI ny BwrqI &Oj dw A`gy vDxw rok id`qw sI[ hux tYNkW ny KwVkUAW dy moricAW ‟qy zbrdsq golwbwrI SurU kr id`qI sI[ ies dy bwvjUd „26 mdrws‟ bhuqw A`gy nhIN v`D skI sI[ hwlWik ies dw inSwnw drbwr swihb ‟c dwi^l ho ky prkrmw ivc d`KxI pwisEN Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq v`l vDxw sI, pr ieh rjmYNt keI Gµty srW dy nyVy hI gih-g`c lVweI ivc PsI rhI sI[

jdoN „26 mdrws‟ burI qrHW dI lVweI ‟c aulJ geI qW „9 gVHvwl‟ dIAW do kµpnIAW ƒ Awtw mµfI vwly Gµtw Gr vloN hmlw krn vwsqy AwiKAw igAw sI[ aunHW dy ip`Cy „15 kmwaUN‟ (2 kµpnIAW Gt) ny Awauxw sI[ „15 kmwaUN‟ dI ieh &Oj gurU rwmdws invws, Akwl rYst hwaUs, qyjw isµG smuµdrI hwl Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl dy d&qr ‟qy kbzw krn vwsqy rIzrv r`KI hoeI sI[ hux ies ƒ ies AYkSn dI jgHw d`KxI drvwzy v`l tor id`qw igAw[ „9 gVHvwl‟ dIAW kµpnIAW ny qVky fyF vjy qk is`K rY&rYNs lwiebryrI Aqy ies dy dohIN pwsIN mkwnW ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ies vyly qk „15 kmwaUN AYkSn Pors‟, lY&tInYNt jnrl AYn.sI. pµq dI kmwn hyT AYkSn ivc r`uJI hoeI sI[ brwV muqwibk 6 jUn nUM qVky 2 vjy qk hwlwq ieµ\ sI:

ijs vyly brgyfIAr ey.ky. dIvwn (ic`kI) is`K rY&rYNs lwiebryrI kol Aw igAw, brwV ny 26 mdrws, 15 kmwaUN qy 9 gVHvwl ƒ dIvwn dI kmwn hyT kr id`qw sI[ aunHW ƒ hdwieq sI ik auh Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq dw hI inSwnw r`Kx[ qVky FweI vjy qk dIvwn ny gVHvwl qy kmwaUN dI kmwn sµBwl ky AYkSn SurU kr id`qw sI[ aus vloN s^q golwbwrI SurU ho cu`kI sI[ pr ies dy bwvjUd BwrqI &Oj Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq v`l iek sYNtImItr vI nhIN sI v`D skI[ ies hwlq ivc dIvwn qy brwV ny tYNkW nwl hmlw krn dI plwn bxweI[ pr auh suµdrjI nwl rwbqw nw bxw sky[ A^Ir jdoN brwV dw suµdrjI nwl rwbqw hoieAw, aus ny ieµdrw gWDI qoN hukm lY ky pirkrmw ivc tYNk Byjx dI iejwzq dy id`qI[FweI qy pOxy iqµn vjy dy ivckwr pihlw tYNk gurU rwmdws srW (pUrbI bwhI) v`loN ilAWdw igAw[ tYNk ny prkrmw ivc dwi^l ho ky Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq vl src lweIt su`tI Aqy nwl hI golIAW dw mINh vrHwauxw SurU kr id`qw[hux tYNk qoN Aqy swrIAW &OjI tukVIAW vloN Aw^rW dI golwbwrI SurU ho geI sI[ pr ieh AYkSn vI bhuqI dyr nw c`l sikAw, ikauNik src lweIt dIAW b`qIAW iek imµt qoN v`D jgwaux nwl hr vwr ienHW blbW dI qwr sV jWdI sI[ ies hwlq ivc BwrqI &Oj ny iek hor tYNk lY AWdw[ jdoN dUjy tYNk dy blbW dIAW qwrW sV geIAW qW qIjw tYNk vI Aµdr ilAWdw igAw[ QoVHI dyr mgroN qkrIbn cwr ku vjy iek b^qrbµd g`fI vI pirkrmw ivc ilAWdI geI[ ies g`fI nMU ilAwaux vwsqy pirkrmw dIAW pOVIAW tYNk nwl qoVnIAW peIAW, ikauNik phIAW vwlI skOt ienHW pOVIAW qoN lµG nhIN sI skdI[

ies vyly qk 84 AYm.AYm. dy kwrl gusqwv (svIfn dy bxy) rONd buMgw Akwl q^q vwlI iemwrq ‟qy su`ty jw rhy sn[ hux 15 kmwaUN dy kuJ dsqy b^qrbµd g`fI ivc bYT ky prkrmw ivcoN buMgw Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq vl v`Dy qW jo auh BwrqI &Oj dy rwktW dy hmilAW dI AwV ivc lµGdy Akwl q^q vwlI iemwrq qk jw pu`jx[ pr ieh b^qrbµd g`fI jdoN swFy cwr ku vjy buMgw Akwl q^q vwlI iemwrq dy nyVy pu`jI qW iek AYNtI-tYNk golw ies ‟qy Aw v`jw qy ieh au~Qy hI jwm ho geI[ hux srGI vylw ho igAw sI Aqy inµmHI-inµmHI rOSnI ho geI sI[ svyry 5 vj ky 10 imµt ‟qy ieµdrw gWDI ny buMgw Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq ƒ tYNkW dy goilAW rwhIN aufw dyx dw hukm dy id`qw[ 5 vj ky 21 imµt ‟qy tYNkW ny AµnHy-vwh golwbwrI SurU kr id`qI[ ijs nwl buMgw Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq dw G`to-G`t qIjw ih`sw jW qW iblkul hI Fih-FyrI ho igAw qy jW burI qbwh ho igAw[ ies dy nwl BwrqI &Oj dw vI bhuq nukswn ho irhw sI[ A^Ir pOxy ku Cy vjy ey-kmWfo kµpnI dw myjr bI.ky. imSrw Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq dIAW pOVIAW nyVy jw pu`jw pr auh Aqy aus dy swQI au~Qy hI FyrI ho gey[ ies qoN ielwvw dovyN kµpnIAW, jo Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq v`l vD rhIAW sn, vI KwVkUAW dI zbrdsq golwbwrI dw iSkwr ho geIAW[ aunHW ivcoN bhuq swry mwry gey qy bcy-Kucy pirkrmw dy brWfy ivc Aw ky luk gey sn[

svyry 6 vj ky 20 imµt qk BwrqI &Oj isr& bµdy mrvwaux ivc hI kwmXwb ho skI sI qy buMgw Akwl buMgw dy morcy ‟coN hor kuJ vI hwisl nhIN sI kr skI[ ies mgroN sUbydwr ky.pI. rmn rvI dI AgvweI hyT kuJ kmWfo Akwl q^q vwlI iemwrq v`l vDy[ auh swry Akwl q^q vwlI iemwrq dIAW pOVIAW ‟c pu`j gey[ KwVkUAW ny sUbydwr rmn rvI ƒ kwbU kr ilAw Aqy aus dy ijsm dy duAwly bwrUd dIAW lVIAW bµnH ky aus ƒ aufw id`qw qy bwkI dy kmWfo vI mwr id`qy[ svyry swFy s`q vjy qk BwrqI &OjIAW dIAW lwSW dw Fyr l`g cu`kw sI[ hux ivjXµq tYNkW ny 105 AYm.AYm. dy Dmwkw^yz goly buMgw Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq ‟qy su`txy SurU kr id`qy sn[ iek somy muqwibk Gto-G`t 80 Aijhy goly Akwl buMgw vwlI iemwrq vl su`ty gey sn[ dupihr 11 vjy qk ieh lVweI cldI rhI[ ies dOrwn bwbw jrnYl isµG iBµfrWvwlw, BweI AmrIk isµG, (jnrl) subyg isµG Aqy drjnW hor is`K mwry jw cu`ky sn[ Akwl buMgw ‟coN kuJ is`K ipCly pwisEN bc ky inkl vI cu`ky sn[

jQw iBMfrW-mihqw (cOk mihqw fyrw) 1984 qoN lgwqwr iehI kihMdw irhw hY ik bwbw jrnYl isMG 6 jUn 1984 dy idn ShId nhIN hoieAw sI Aqy ^u&IAw rsqy rwhIN drbwr swihb ivcoN inkl ky clw igAw sI[ ies fyry dy muKI Twkr isMG ny ieh g`l gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI ivc keI vwr khI ik „bwbw jrnYl isMG TIk Twk hn Aqy aunHW nwl aus (Twkr isMG) dw rwbqw lgwqwr kwiem hY‟; aus ny Aqy ies fyry dy bwkI AwgUAW ny gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI ivc ieh JUT lgwqwr 21 swl boilAw; A^Ir ienHW ivcoN bhuiqAW ny, sxy jrnYl isMG dy prvwr ny, eyny swl JUT bolx mgroN, 6 jUn 2001 dy idn igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw dI mOq mMn leI sI[

igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw dI imRqk dyh

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jspq rwey

ieh lwhOr dy sUbydwr zkrIAw ^wn (mOq sMn 1745) Aqy XwhIAw ^wn (hkUmq sMn 1745-47) dy vyilAW ivc sUbydwr dy dIvwn (vzIr) lKpq rwey dw Brw sI[ zkrIAw ^wn dy vyly pihlW ieh jlMDr dw hwikm sI[ mgroN aus ny AdInw byZ nUM jlMDr dw hwikm bxw id`qw Aqy ies nUM eymnwbwd dw ielwkw sONp id`qw[ ies nUM ies dw bhuq rMj hoieAw ies kr ky ieh zkrIAw ^wn nUM psMd nhIN krdw sI[ zkrIAw ^wn sMn 1745 ivc mr igAw qy XwhIAw ^wn ny sUby dI vwgfor sMBwl leI Aqy ienHW BrwvW nUM vDyrI qwkq sONpI[ hux XwhIAw ^wn ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm vwsqy vzIr lKpq rwey ƒ aucycy qOr ’qy qweInwq kr id`qw[ lKpq rwey qy aus dy Brw jspq rwey (&Ojdwr eymnwbwd) ny is`KW ƒ ^qm krn vwsqy bVI srgrm muihMm SurU kIqI[ ies muihMm dOrwn &rvrI 1746 dy Aw^rI idnW ivc is`KW dw iek j`Qw j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw qy su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo dI AgvweI hyT iSvwlk dIAW phwVIAW v`l jw irhw sI[ jspq rwey dI &Oj dw swhmxw ipMf KoKrW (eymnwbwd dy nyVy) dy bwhr is`K &OjW nwl ho igAw[ ies vyly is`K iqMn idn dy Bu`Ky hox kwrn lMgr Ckx vwsqy iqAwrIAW kr rhy sn[ is`KW nUM vyK ky, nyVy dy iek ipMf goNdvwlw dy muslmwn jspq kol gey qy aus nUM d`isAw ik do hzwr dy krIb is`K aunHW dy ielwky ivc Tihry hoey hn qy bkry Jtkw rhy hn[ ieh sux ky jspq QoVHI jhI &Oj lY ky aus pwsy vl ipMf ‘b`do-kI-gosweIAW’ nUM cl ipAw[ aus ny au~Qy pu`j ky is`KW nUM iek-dm au~QoN inkl jwx vwsqy hukm idqw[ is`KW ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik auh lMgr Ckx mgroN iek pl vI au~Qy nhIN rukxgy[ pr jspq ny aunHW nUM eynw icr vwsqy vI rukx dI iejwzq dyx qoN vI nWh kr idqI qy AwpxI &Oj nUM is`KW ’qy hmlw krn dw hukm dy idqw[ aus dI &Oj ny is`KW nUM swry pwisEN Gyrw pw ilAw[ hux is`KW kol lVn qoN isvw koeI cwrw nhIN sI[ ies kr ky is`K &OjW Aqy jspq rwey dy swQIAW ivckwr h`Qo-h`Q lVweI SurU ho geI[ ies lVweI dOrwn inbwhU isMG nW dw iek is`K &urqI nwl jspq rwey dy hwQI dI pUC PV ky aus ’qy cVH igAw Aqy jspq rwey dw isr v`F ilAw[ ies mgroN swrI muZl qy ihMdU &Oj hrn ho geI[ jspq rwey dy iek ausqwd bwvw ikrpw rwm gosweIN ny is`KW ƒ pMj sO rupey Byt kr ky jspq dw k`itAw hoieAw isr hwisl kr ilAw[ (jspq dI smwD ipMf ‘b`do-kI-gusweIAW’ ivc bxI hoeI sI[ ies mgroN lKpq rwey is`KW dw bhuq v`fw duSmx bx igAw[ {ies qoN AglI q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: kwhnUvwn}.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jwnI ^wn, mnI ^wn (moirMfw)

5-6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq nUM, do GVIAW rwq geI, gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny AnMdpur ngr iqAwg id`qw sI[ Awp iklHw AnMdgVH qoN cly sn Awp ny sB qoN pihlW sO ku is`KW dy iek j`Qy dI ih&wzq ivc mwqw gujrI, do Coty swihbzwdy Aqy iek duMnw isMG nW dy is`K qy suiB`KI nW dI iek isMGxI ƒ kIrqpur v`l toirAw sI[ iPr hor j`Qy rvwnw kIqy Aqy iPrAwp vI ip`Cy tur pey sn[

Ajy gurU swihb kIrqpur lMGy hI sn ik ip`CoN phwVI qy muZl &OjW ny qIrW Aqy golIAW nwl hmlw kr id`qw[ Awp ny mwqw gujrI, do Coty swihbzwidAW, du`nw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI nwl srsw ndI ƒ pwr kIqw[ ienHW ip`Cy Aw irhw vhIr vI srsw pwr kr igAw[

mwqw gujrI qy do in`ky swihbzwdy, BweI du`nw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI srsw ndI qoN cl ky is`Dy cmkOr phuMc gey ikauNik swirAW ny cmkOr ivc iek`Ty hox dw &Yslw kIqw sI[ cmkOr ivc mwqw jI qy do swihbzwidAW nUM shyVI ipMf dy DuMmw* qy drbwrI, jo kdy ies ielwky dy msMd huMdy hn, Awpxy nwl Awpxy ipMf lY gey qy BweI du`nw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI Awpxy GrIN cly gey {*cOk mihqw fyry dw hrnwm isMG DuMmw iesy DuMmy dy prvwr ivcoN d`isAw jWdw hY}.

rwq vyly msMdW ny mwqw jI dI sony dIAW muhrW vwlI QYlI corI kr leI[ AglI svyr 7 dsMbr dy idn jd mwqw jI ny svyry auT ky QYlI corI hox dI g`l kIqI qW msMd aultw AOKy ho pey qy aunHW ny mwqw jI qy swihbzwidAW dy au¤Qy hox bwry ieqlwh moirMfw Qwxy (jo au~QoN qkrIbn swFy iqMn iklomItr hY) Byj id`qI[ ausy idn moirMfw qoN do ispwhI jwnI ^wn qy mwnI ^wn shyVI pu`j gey Aqy mwqw jI qy swihbzwidAW nUM PV ky lY gey sn[ jwnI ^wn qy mwnI ^wn ny swihbzwidAW nUM borIAW ivc pw ky GoiVAW ’qy l`idAw igAw sI[ 7 dsMbr dI rwq aunHW ny moirMfw Qwxy ivcly kYdKwny ivc k`tI ij`Qy jwnI ^wn Aqy mwnI ^wn ny aunHW ’qy bhuq qS`dd kIqI sI[ AglI svyr aunHW nUM srhMd iljwieAw igAw sI qy ieQoN dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn kol pyS kIqw igAw sI.

(     .                                                            )

jwnI, BweI

iek pRclq khwxI muqwibk BweI jwnI sX`d ^wndwn dw iek muslmwn sI[ auh bVy icrW qoN iksy rUhwnI murSd dI qlwS ivc ieDr auDr Btk irhw sI[ iek vwr iek kSmIrI muslmwn BweI Kvwjw ny aus nUM gurU hirgoibMd siwhb dI sMgq krn vwsqy AwiKAw[ jdoN auh gurU jI nUM imilAw qW auh bhuq pRBwivq hoieAw[ aus ny mihsUs kIqw ik auh ijs murSd dI qlwS ivc sI, auh aus nUM iml igAw hY[ aus ny gurU jI nUM Arz kIqw ik aus nUM is`KI ivc Swiml kr lYx[ mgroN BweI jwnI ny is`KI dw bhuq pRcwr kIqw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jmSYd ^wn

ieh iek pTwx sI ijs ny 5 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn nMdyV ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dy su`iqAW ipAW hox d hwlq ivc aunHW ‟qy jmDwr (ktwr) dy iqMn vwr kr ky burI qrHW z^mI kr idqw[ byh`d z^mI hox dy bwvjUd gurU swihb ny prqvW vwr kr ky jmSYd ^wn nUM QWeyN mwr idqw sI[ gurU swihb Awp vI ienHW z^mW dI qwb nw Jldy hoey 7 sqMbr nUM qVky vyly Akwl purK dI god ivc smw gey[ aunHW dw sskwr iesy Swm nUM godwvrI dirAw dy kMFy kr idqw igAw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik jmSYd ^wn nUM bhwdr Swh bwdSwh ny Awp gurU jI nUM kql krn vwsqy ByijAw sI; ieh vI ho skdw hY ik aus nUM srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn ny ByijAw sI Aqy aus nUM bwdSwh dI ihmwieq jW mnzUrI zrUr hwisl sI ikauN ik bhwdr Swh ny ies jmSYd ^wn dy puqr nUM “aus dy bwp dy gurU goibMd isMG dy h`QoN mwry jwx kwrn” 26 Sbwn 1119 ihjrI (28 AkqUbr 1708) dy idn Awpxy drbwr ivc iK`lq ByNt kIqI sI[ ies bwry iek AYNtrI „A^bwrwq-ie-drbwr-ie-muA`lw‟ ivc imldI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

j`lw pMifq

j`lw pMifq (? – 21.12.1844) jMm dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh idAwn isMh fogry dy pu`qr hIrw isMh fogrw dw ausqwd sI[ mgroN aunHW dohW ivc dosqI bx geI qy auh hIrw isMh dw muK slwhkwr bx igAw[hIrw isMh hmySw ies pMifq dI slwh nwl kMm kirAw krdw sI; ies kr ky j`lHw Awpxy Awp nUM iek iksm dw pRDwn mMqrI hI smiJAw krdw sI[ auh lwhOr drbwr dy is`K AihlkwrW Aqy is`K jrnYlW nwl burw ivhwr kirAw krdw sI[ ies dw nqIjw ieh hoieAw ik swry is`K drbwrI Aqy jrnYl hOlI-hOlI aus dy i^lw& ho gey sn[ ieh j`lHw pMifq hI sI ijs dy kihx ’qy hIrw isMh fogrw ny pRDwn mMqrI dy Ahudy ’qy huMidAW keI srdwrW dIAW jwgIrW zbq kr leIAW sn[ ieh vI crcw si ik aus ny iek vwr rwxI ijMdw dIAW syvwdwrnIAW ivcoN kuJ nUM Awpxy nwl rlw ky irSvq dy ky rwxI nUM Kwxy ivc zihr dyx dI koiSS vI kIqI sI[

ies dI slwh ’qy hI hIrw isMh fogry ny 6 meI 1844 dy idn kuJ is`K pr vDyry kr ky fogrw &Oj lY ky nOrMgwbwd ivc bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy hmlw kr id`qw ijs ivc bwbw bIr ismGkMvr kSmIrw isMG Aqy sYNkVy is`K mwry gey[ jd bIr isMG, kMvr kSmIrw isMG qy sYNkVy/hzwrW is`KW dy kql dI ^br is`K &OjIAW qk phMucI qW aunHW ivc hIrw isMh dy i^lw& bhuq gu`sw &YilAw[ jd ies dI sUh hIrw isMh ƒ imlI qW aus ny bhuq swry is`K jrnYl htw idqy Aqy v`fI igxqI ivc is`K &OjIAW dI vI Cu`tI kr idqI[ pMfq jlHy dI slwh ’qy aus ny bhuq swry fogry, ihmWclI phwVIey Aqy muslmwn &Oj ivc BrqI kr ley[ aus ƒ fr sI ik Blk ƒ mslw au~Tx ’qy is`K &OjI aus ƒ mwr vI skdy hn[ hzwrW ZYr-is`KW nUM &Oj ivc BrqI krn dy bwvjUd vI hIrw isMh burI qrHW firAw rihMdw sI[

13 dsMbr 1844 dy idn poh mhIny dI sMgrWd sI[ bRwhmxW ny rwxI ijMdW ƒ Brmw ky dwn-pMun krvwaux vwsqy ikhw[ rwxI ny bRwhmxW dy nwl-nwl inhMgW, PkIrW Aqy ZrIb-gurby ƒ lMgr pwxI CkwieAw Aqy QoVHI-QoVHI rkm vI id`qI[ ies swry dw Krc qkrIbn pMj hzwr rupY AwieAw[ rwxI ny hIrw isMh ƒ Drm-ArQ Kwqy ivcNo ieh rkm dyx vwsqy AwiKAw[ aus vyly ies mihkmy dw cwrj pMfq jlHw kol sI[ aus ny AwK ByijAw ik dwn isr& bRwhmxW ƒ iml skdw hY, inhMgW jW PkIrW ƒ nhIN[ jlHy ny isr& do sO rupY rwxI ƒ Byjy[ rwxI ny ieh rkm vwips moV idqI Aqy is`K jrnYlW qy hor mohqbr is`KW dw iek`T bulw ilAw[ rwxI ny h`Q joV ky ienHW ƒ mu^wiqb hMuidAw AwiKAw: “Kwlsw jI ieh pwqSwhI quhwfI hY[ qusIN hI swnUM b^SI hY[ dlIp isMG bwlk hY[ ieh phwVIey rwjy Aqy jlHw idloN swƒ mwr dyxw cwhMudy hn[ ieh swfw ikhw vI nhIN mMndy[ swfw-quhwfw ieSt Kwlsw jI hY[ aus dI syvw pUjw nhIN krn dyNdy[ eyQy swfy irhwieSI kmirAW ivc vI zorI vV AwauNdy hn qy D`kw krdy hn[ jW qusIN swƒ mwr idE jW ienHW dI kYd coN k`Fo[” ieh sux ky is`K jzbwqI ho gey qy roh ivc Aw gey qy aunHW ny rwxI dI mdd krn dw vwAdw kIqw[ Agly pMj-Cy idn keI is`K rwxI ƒ imlx AwauNdy qy mdd krn dw vwAdw krdy rhy[ aunHW ivcoN keI qW rwxI dI r`iKAw vwsqy aus ’qy pihrw vI dyx lg pey[

hIrw isMh fogry Aqy pMfq j`lHw ƒ rwxI ijMdW dy iek`TW dw pqw lgw qW auh Gbrw gey[ hux aunHW ƒ jwpx lg ipAw ik koeI nw koeI is`K &OjI aunHW ƒ zrUr kql kr dyvygw[ ies kr ky aunHW ny jMmU nUM B`j jwx dw &Yslw kIqw[aunHW ny Awpxw Aqy lwhOr drbwr dy hIry-jvwhrwq qy hor swrw Kzwnw iek`Tw kIqw Aqy s`q hwQIAW ’qy l`d ilAw[ 21 dsMbr 1844 ƒ auh swrI cwr hzwr fogrw &Oj nwl lwhOr qoN jMmU vl cl pey[ CyqI hI ies dI ^br is`K jrnYlW ƒ iml geI[ Swm isMG AtwrIvwlw dI AgvweI ivc bhuq swrI is`K &Oj GoiVAW ’qy svwr ho ky ienHW dy ip`Cy cl peI[ rsqy ivc is`KW Aqy fogirAW ivc ^Ub lVweI hoeI[ bhuq swry fogry mwry gey[ lwhOr qoN keI iklomItr dUr qk lVweI huMdI geI[ is`K &Oj nyVy pu`jI vyK ky, hIrw isMh, pMfq j`lHw, sohx isMh (puqr gulwb isMh fogrw) qy lwB isMh fogrw ie`Qy iek ipMf ivc luk gey[ pr kuJ icr mgroN, jd aunHW ƒ bhuq ipAws lgI qW auh iek KUh vl Awey[ is`K &OjIAW dI ingwh aunHW vl peI qW aunHW ny ienHW qy bMdUkW nwl golIAW clwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ ienHW nwl hwQI qy bYTw sohx isMh mwirAw igAw[ lwB isMh fogry ƒ vI golI lgI[ auh GoVw Bjw ky jMmU vl clw igAw[ is`K &OjW ny aus dw ip`Cw kIqw qy 7-8 iklomItr dUr jw ky aus ƒ Gyr ky mwr idqw[ ies dy nwl hI is`K POjIAW ny hIrw isMh ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ aus ny A`goN twkrw kIqw pr iek is`K dy nyzy nwl auh vI mwirAw igAw[ pMfq jlHw qW qlvwr dy iek vwr nwl hI mwirAw igAw[ ienHW swirAW dy mrn mgroN &OjW drbwr dw swrw ^zwnw qy hor swrw mwl-m`qw lY ky lwhOr muV AweIAW.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jYqw
BweI jYqw gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[aus dw izkr BweI gurdws dIAW vwrW ivc AwieAw hY:jYqw nMdw jwxIAY, purK iprwgw sbid ADwrw (vwr 11, pauVI 28). ie`Qy spSt nhIN huMdw ik jYqw ‘nMdw’ goq nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ jYqw qy nMdw do jxy vI ho skdy hn.

jYqw syT
BweI jYqw syT gurU hirgibMd swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[aus dw izkr BweI gurdws dIAW vwrW ivc AwieAw hY: jYqw syT vKwxIAY, ivxu gur syvw horu nw jwxI (vwr 11, pauVI 31).

jYqw vyKo: jIvn isMG (BweI jYqw).

jYq rwm

jYq rwm Aihmdwbwd (gujrwq) dy iek swDU dwdU (sMn 1544-1603), ijs dy cyilAW nUM dwdUpMQIey kihMdy hn, dw iek pRmuK cylw sI[ auh rwijsQwn dy ngr nwrwiexw (Pulyrw qoN qkrIbn 5 Aqy jYpur qoN 67 iklomItr dUr) ivc dwdU dy fyry (dwdU duAwrw) dw mhMq sI[

nvMbr 1706 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh nwl d`Kx jWidAW iek idn vwsqy nwrwiexw ivc ruky sn[ jd jYq rwm nUM aunHW dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW auh gurU jI nUM imlx igAw sI[ gurU jI nUM hiQAwrW nwl sijAw vyK ky aus ny ikhw ik qusIN gurU nwnk swihb dI g`dI ’qy bYTy ho Aqy jMg pey krdy ho[ jYq rwm ny gurU jI nUM dwdU dw iek slok suxwieAw: dwdU dwvw dUr kr, ibn dwvy idn k`t[ kyqI saudw kr geI, eyq pswrI h`t[ gurU jI jYq rwm qoN slok sux ky muskurwey Aqy ikhw ik dwdU jI dw slok aus smyN iblkul shI sI Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dI ShIdI qoN pihlW ieh slok Fuk skdw sI; pr hwlwq dI mjbUrI ny hiQAwrbMd hox dw rsqw bxwieAw hY[ ies dy nwl hI gurU jI ny ikhw: dwdU smW bIcwr kr, kil kw kIjY Bwau[ jy koeI mwru eIt FINm, p`Qr iqsY itkwau[ gurU jI dy nwrwiexw jwx sbMDI iek kwlpink khwxI vI juVI hoeI hY ik jd gurU jI au~Qy pu`jy qW aunHW ny au~Qy dwdU dI smwD nUM qIr Jukw ky nmskwr kIqw[ ies ’qy is`KW ny ieqrwz kIqw ik quhwfw qW hukm hY ik kbrW Aqy mVHIAW nUM siqkwr nhIN dyxw; pr hux qusIN Awp ieh ZlqI kIqI hY, ies kr ky qusIN ‘qn^whIey’ ho[ ies mgroN is`KW ny gurU jI nUM qn^wh lweI jo aunHW ny inBweI[ auN\ ieh khwxI hkIkq nhIN; iksy ny kbr smwD Awid qoN is`KW nUM vrjx vwsqy GVI sI[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw crn kml bixAw hoieAw hY. hor vyKo: dwdU.

jYml isMG

ieh kneIAw imsl nwl sbMDq sI qy &qhgVH (izlHw gurdwspur) ivc rihMdw sI[ ies dI bytI cMd kOr (jnm sMn 1802) dw ivAwh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy pu`qr KVg isMG nwl 1818 ivc hoieAw sI[ (cMd kOr ny Sihzwdw nOinhwl isMG nUM jnm id`qw sI[ cMd kOr nUM iDAwn isMh fogrw ny 18 jUn 1842 dI rwq nUM aus dIAW golIAW h`QoN mrvw id`qw sI)[ jYml isMG dI mOq sMn 1821 ivc hoeI sI[ aus dI mOq mgroN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny aus dy ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI. hor vyKo: cMd kOr.

jYml isMG (jYqo)

jYml isMG (jYqo) (1)
kpUrQlw vwsI BweI jYml isMG jYqo morcy ivc qIjy ShIdI jQy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh jQw drbwr swihb AMimRqsr qoN 3 mwrc 1924 dy idn cl ky 7 ApRYl 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI[ jYqo ivc ies jQy dy mYNbrW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc kyd kr id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc qS`dd Aqy mwVI ^Urwk kwrn BweI jYml isMG jyl ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jYqo morcw.

jYml isMG (jYqo) (2)
ipMf nOD (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) vwsI BweI jYml isMG jYqo morcy ivc pMjvyN ShIdI jQy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh jQw lwiepur qoN 12 ApRYl 1924 dy idn c`ilAw sI Aqy AMimRqsr jw ky drbwr swihb ivc m`Qw tykx mgroN AMimRqsr qoN 26 ApRYl 1924 dy idn cl ky 21 meI 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI[ jYqo ivc ies jQy dy mYNbrW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc kyd kr id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc qS`dd Aqy mwVI ^urwk kwrn BweI jYml isMG jyl ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jYqo morcw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jY isMh svweI

jY isMh svweI (3.11.1688- 21.9.1743) pu`qr ibSn isMh (poqw rwm isMh, pVpoqw imrzw jY isMh) ipqw ibSn isMh dI mOq (31.12.1699) mgroN 11 swl dI aumr ivc rwjw bixAw[ ieh AOrMgzyb dw pUrw v&wdwr sI[ aus ny ies qoM ^uS ho ky ies nUM ‘svweI’ (pVdwdy jY isMh imrzw qoN svwieAw, Xwin kuJ vD) dw i^qwb id`qw sI[ ies ny sMn 1727 ivc jYpur vswieAw Aqy AMbyr dI QW ies nvyN ngr nUM AwpxI rwjDnI bxwieAw[sMn 1714 qy sMn 1732 (sMn 1737 qk) ivc mwlvw dw sUbydwr bxwieAw igAw sI[ muhMmd Swh rMgIlw dy smyN ivc[ nwdr Swh dy hmly (sMn 1739) vyly ieh jYpur ivc sI[ ies ny Awly duAwly dIAW rwjpUq irAwsqW ij`q leIAW jW mwmlw lYx lg ipAw sI[ bMdw isMG bhwdr vyly ies nUM bhwdr Swh Aqy &r^sIAr ny mdd vwsqy ikhw qW ieh cwlwkI krn lg ipAw[ A^Ir mwlvw dI sUbydwrI imlx mgroN ieh mdd krnw mMinAw (pr koeI v`fI mdd nw kIqI)[ ieh gixq, Kgol ividAw qy nC`qr ividAw (AYstrw`nA@mI) Aqy Bvn inrmwx ividAw (AwriktY~kc`r) dw bVw SokIn sI[ ies ny jMqr mMqr (id`lI), bnwrs Aqy jYpur ivc AbzrvytrI bxweIAW sn, jo A`j vI mOjUd hn.

jMqr mMqr (id`lI)

jY isMh imrzw kCvwhw

rwjpUq rwjw jY isMh imrzw (15.7.1611 – 28.8.1667) pu`qr rwjw Bwau isMh (jo sMn 1621 ivc Ajmyr dI lVweI ivc mr igAw sI) AMbyr dw rwjw sI (iek irvwieq muqwibk aus dw jnm 1605 ivc hoieAw sI)[ ieh mhW isMh dw pu`qr, Bwv isMh dw poqw Aqy mwn isMh dw pVpoqw sI (mwn isMh dI BUAw muZl bwdSwh Akbr nwl ivAwhI hoeI sI)[ jY isMh dI rwjDwnI AMbyr (jYpur) sI[ jY isMh hor zbwnW dy nwl-nwl &wrsI Aqy sMsikRq ivc vI mhwrq rKdw sI[

AMbyr (jYpur qoN 11 iklomItr dUr, 4 vrg iklomItr ivc bixAw iklHw, mInw rwijAW ny sMn 967 sMn ivc bxwieAw sI[ mgroN mwn isMh kCvwhw (sMn 1550- 1614) ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ jY isMh imrzw ds swl dI aumr ivc rwjw bixAw sI[ ies ny Swh jhwn dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI[ aus ny ies nUM cwr hzwrI mnsb id`qw sI (mgrON pMj hzwrI qy AOrMgzyb ny s`q hzwrI kr id`qw sI) [ sMn 1638 ivc kMDwr dI muihMm ivc ieh Swh jhwn dy puqr Swh Sujwh dy nwl sI; ies syvw kwrn ies nUM ‘imrzw rwjw’ (imrzw, mIr zw= mIr/rwjy dw bytw) dw i^qwb id`qw sI[ ieh aus nwl bl^ qy bf^SW dIAW muihMmW ivc vI Swiml sI[ dwrw iSkoh ies nUM psMd nhIN krdw sI[sMn 1657 ivc Swh jhwn bImwr pY igAw[ ies mOky qy ies ny AOrMgzyb dw swQ id`qw[ AOrMgzyb ny 1658 ivc q^q ’qy bYTidAW hI ies nUM id`lI dw sUbydwr Qwp id`qw[ ies ny mrh`itAW dy i^lw& lVweI vI AOrMgzb dw swQ id`qw sI[AOrMgzyb ny ies nUM sMn 1664 ivc d`Kx dw sUbydwr bxw ky ByijAw[ jdoN iSvwjI mrh`tw ny DoKy nwl A&zl ^wn nUM mwr id`qw qW AOrMgzyb ny iek v`fI &Oj dy ky ies nUM ByijAw sI[ ies dI zbrdsq muihMm nwl iSvwjI dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw ies kr ky ayus ny 2 jUn 1665 dy idn purMdr dI lVweI ivc hwr kbUl kr leI[ ies ny iSvwjI nUM ihrwsq ivc lY ky AOrMgzyb kol Awgry ByijAw[ AOrMgzyb ny iSvwjI qy aus dy pu`qr nUM kYd kr ilAw[ mgroN aus ny iSvwjI dy juAweI nyqwjI nUM vI nUM kYd kr ilAw[ kYd ivcoN irhweI pwaux vwsqy iSvwjI dy juAweI nyqwjI ny ieslwm kbUl kr ilAw sI[ mgroN jY isMh imrzw dy pu`qr kMvr rwm isMh ny aus dy Aqy aus dy pu`qr dy kYd ivcoN B`jx ivc mdd kIqI sI ijs nwl AOrMgzyb bhuq nwrwz hoieAw sI[ AOrMgzyb ny ies nUM d`Kx qoN bulw ilAw[Awgrw AwauNdw rwh ivc mr igAw (aus dO mOq bwry do irvwieqW imldIAW hn: 2 julweI Aqy 28 Agsq 1667; pr bhuqy ieiqhwskwr 28 Agsq nUM shI mMndy hn)[ ikhw jWdw hY ik AOrMgzyb ny ies nUM zihr idvw ky mrvw id`qw sI[ aus dy mrn mgroN AOrMgzyb ny aus dI Xwd ivc burhwnpur ivc qwpqI ndI kMFy jY isMh dI Xwd ivc iek CqrI (smwD) dI auswrI krvweI sI[jY isMh jrnYl dy nwl-nwl sMsikRq, &wrsI Aqy AærbI zbwn dw mwihr vI sI[jY isMh imrzw dy gurU hirikSn swihb qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nwl vI nzdIkI sbMD sn[ id`lI ivc gurduAwrw bMglw swihb vwlI jgh iesy dw mihl sI. (hor vyKo: gurU hirikSn swihb, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb).

rwjw jY isMh imrzw

AMbyr dw iklHw

jY isMh dI Xwdgwr (CqrI) burhwnpur

jY isMG kneIAw

knHeIAw imsl dw moFI BweI jY isMG sMDU (sMn 1712-1893), pu`qr KuShwl isMG qrKwx, vwsI ipMf kwnHw ipMf (ijlHw lwhOr) sI[ ies ny nvwb kpUr isMG dy jQy koloN KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI sI[ ies mgroN iej Amr isMG ikMgrw dy jQy ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ mgroN ies ny Awpxw vKrw jQw bxw ilAw sI[ ies ny AMimRqsr  Aqy  gurdwspur  dy  kuJ  ielwky  ’qy  kbzw  kr  ky  sohIAW  ipMf  (izlHw AMimRqsr) nUM Awpxw hY~fkuAwrtrz bxw ilAw sI[ mwrc 1748 ivc jd swry is`K j`iQAW nUM XwrW imslW ivc vMifAw igAw qW aunHW ivcoN iek imsl dw nW kneIAw imsl r`iKAw igAw qy ies dw jQydwr jY isMG nUM bxwieAw igAw sI[ aus dI mOq 1893 ivc hoeI sI[ aus dw pu`qr gurb^S isMG (pqI rwxI sdw kOr) 1785 ivc iek lVweI ivc mwirAw jw cukw sI. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: kneIAw imsl.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jY isMG fwktr

fwktr jY isMG (11.2.1856- 9.6.1898), pu`qr BweI sMq isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, dw jnm ipMf dwdn ^wn (izlHw ijhlm, p`CmI pMjwb) ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1874 ivc aus ny lwhOr ivc mYfIkl kwlj ivc dwi^lw lY ilAw Aqy AYm.bI.bI.AYs. dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI[ ifgrI hwisl krn mgroN aus ny ipMf ivc hI kilink KoilHAw[ sMn 1893 ivc auh lwhOr clw igAw Aqy duAweIAW dI dukwn KolH leI[ lwhOr ivc aus dw rwbqw bRhmo smwj jmwq dy kwrkuMnW nwl ho igAw[ kuJ smyN mgroN auh isMG sBw lihr nwl juV igAw[ sMn 1892 ivc jdoN Kwlsw kwlj dI kwiemI vwsqy iek kmytI bxweI geI sI qW aus nUM ies dw sk`qr bxwieAw igAw sI[ 17 ApRYl 1893 dy idn aus ny ‘Su`DI sBw’ dy nW hyT iek jmwq kwiem kIqI ijs dw mksd jbrI muslmwn bxwey gey lokW jW iksy muslmwn lVkI dy iSk ivc muslmwn bx gey lokW nUM vwips Awpxy Drm ivc ilAwauxw sI[ ApRYl 1886 ivc aus ny Kwlsw Drm pRkwSk SuDI p`qR nW dw iek mYZzIn k`Fxw vI SurU kIqw[ AwrIAw smwj ny jY isMG dI ies lihr dw ivroD kIqw, pr auh Awpxw kMm krdw irhw[ aus dIAW koiSSW nwl 14 jnvrI 1897 dy idn gurU gRMQ suDwrk kmytI kwiem kIqI geI ijs dw mksd gurU gRMQ swihb dy shI srUp Cwpxw sI[jY isMG dIAW koiSSW nwl Drm bdlI krn vwly bhuqy ihMdU bxy sn nw ik is`K; ies kr ky igAwnI id`q isMG ny ies lihr dw ivroD kIqw sI[ ies qoN iek swl bwAd, isr& 42 swl dI aumr ivc hI, fw jY isMG dI mOq ho geI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jY rwm

sulqwnpur loDI ivc 1480ivAW ivc dOlq rwey loDI dw Awiml[ ieh BweI prmw nMd dw pu`qr sI[ ies dI SwdI byby nwnkI (BYx gurU nwnk swihb) nwl 1475 ivc hoeI sI)[ ies dI slwh ’qy dOlq ^wn ny gurU nwnk swihb nUM modI dy Ahudy dI pySkS kIqI sI[ aus dy Gr koeI AOlwd nhIN sI[Aijhw jwpdw hY ik auh A^Ir qk sulqwnpur ivc hI irhw sI ikauNik aus bwry iksy somy ivc vDyry vyrvw nhIN imldw[ aus dI mOq 1518 dy SurU ivc byby nwnkI dI mOq qoN iqMn idn bwAd hoeI sI[ aus vyly gurU nwnk swihb au~Qy Awey hoey sn[ BweIAw jI dw sskwr aunHW ny Awpxu h`QIN kIqw sI.

jhWgIr

muZl bwdSwh Akbr dw pu`qr jhWgIr (31.8.1569- 28.10.1627) jo AMbyr irAwsq dy ibhwrI m`l kCvwhw rwjpUq dI DI mrIAm auz zmwnI dI ku`K qoN &qihpur sIkrI (Awgrw dy nyVy) pYdw hoieAw sI[ ies dw bcpn dw nW slIm sI[sMn 1585 ivc ies dI pihlI SwdI Bgvwn dws kCvwhw rwjpUq rwjw Bgvwn dws (jo ies dw mwmw sI) dI DI mwn bweI nwl hoeI sI[ ies mgroN ies ny keI hor muZl Aqy rwjpUq kuVIAW nwl SwdIAW kIqIAW sn, ijnHW ivcoN kuJ hyT ilKIAW hn: sMn 1586 ivc bIkwnyr dy rwjy rwie isMh dI DI Aqy kwSgr dy sulqwn suqlwn AbU sXd ^wn cgqeI dI DI nwl, hYrwq dy Kvwjw hsn dI DI nwl; sMn 1587 ivc jYslmyr dy rwjy BIm isMh dI DI nwl Aqy iek hor rwjw dirAw mlBws dI DI nwl; sMn 1590 ivc hzwrw dy imrzw sMjwr dI DI nwl Aqy mrqIAw dy rwjw kySo dws rwTOr dI DI nwl; sMn 1592 ivc AlI Syr ^wn dI DI nwl Aqy kSmIr dy husYn c`k dI DI nwl; sMn 1593 ivc iebrwhIm husYn imrzw dI DI nwl Aqy Abdu`lw ^wn bloc dI DI nwl; sMn 1596 ivc kwbul qy lwhOr dy sUbydwr zYn ^wn kokw dI DI nwl; sMn 1608 ivc kwism ^wn dI DI nwl Aqy AMbyr dy kMvr jgq isMh kCvwhw dI DI nwl[jhWgIr ny 25 nvMbr 1611 dy idn imhr-aun-insw (nUrjhW), jo ierwn dy iek vpwrI imrzw iZAws dI DI sI, nwl vI SwdI kIqI sI[ nUrjhwn dw pihlw ivAwh AlI kulI ^wn (Syr A&Zn ^wn) nwl hoieAw sI[ jhWgIr nUrjhW ’qy mrdw sI qy aus dw zbrdsq AwiSk sI[ ies ny nUrjhW nUM hwisl krn vwsqy aus dy Ksm nUM mrvw id`qw sI qy iPr aus nwl SwdI kr leI sI[ nUr jhW bhuq qyz AOrq sI; ies ny jhWgIr nUM AwpxIAW auNglW ’qy ncwieAw sI[

ieh v`fw AXwS sI[jhWgIr iSkwr krn Aqy Srwb pIx dw bhuq SokIn sI[ (ies nwl auh bImwr vI ho igAw sI[ aus nUM dmy dI bImwrI ny vI bhuq pRySwn krI r`iKAw sI; qy iesy kr ky hI aus dI mOq hoeI sI)[ ies dIAW ienHW hrkqW kr ky Akbr cwhuMdw sI ik aus dy mrn ip`CoN aus dw poqw Kusro (jhWgIr dw pu`qr) q^q ’qy bYTy[ Akbr dI mOq mgroN 24 AkqUbr 1605 dy idn ieh q^q ’qy kwbz ho igAw[ ies dy pu`qr Kusro ny bZwvq kIqI pr auh kwmXwb nw ho sikAw Aqy pMjwb huMdw hoieAw eIrwn v`l Bj tuirAw qy rsqy ivc PiVAw igAw[ ies ny Kusro dI mdd krn vwly hr iek S^s nUM kql krvw id`qw[ iesy bhwny nwl aus ny gurU Arjn swihb nUM vI ShId krn dw hukm id`qw[ mgroN sMn 1613 ivc ies ny gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM vI 12 swl dI kYd suxw ky gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kYd kr id`qw sI[

iesy dy smyN ivc ieMglYNf dy bwdSwh jymz pihlw dw ^q lY ky iek AMgryz (sr Qwms ro) vpwr dy nW ’qy AwieAw sI, ijs mgroN aunHW ny pihlW snAqW lweIAW Aqy iPr hOlI-hOlI iek-iek kr ky d`KxI eySIAW dy swry ielwky ’qy kwbz ho ky AMgryzI slqnq kwiem kIqI sI[jhWgIr dw mkbrw lwhOr dy nwl lgdy ielwky Swhdry ivc bixAw hoieAw hY. hor vyKo: Arjn, gurU Aqy hirgoibMd gurU.

jhWgIr dw iek icqr

lwhOr ivc jhWgIr dw mkbrw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jhWdwr Swh

jhWdwr Swh (9.5.1661 -12.2.1713) inzwm bweI (hYdrwbwd dy &qhXwvwr dI DI) dI kuK qoN muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dw sB qoN v`fw pu`qr (Aqy AOrMgzyb dw poqw) sI[ auh 10 swl dI aumr ivc, sMn 1671 ivc, bl^ dw vzIr irhw sI qy kuJ smW isMD dw sUbydwr vI irhw sI[ auh Awpxy BrwvW nUM mwr ky 10 ApRYl 1712 dy idn q^q ’qy bYiTAw sI[ aus dI hkUmq isr& ds mhIny rhI sI[ ies dy BqIjy &ru^sIAwr ny ies dy i^lw& jMg kr ky ies nUM hrwieAw sI Aqy ies nUM kql kr ky muZlIAw q^q ’qy kbzw kIqw sI[ aus dIAW iqMn bIvIAW sn ijnHW qoN aus dy iqMn pu`qr sn: iez-aud-dIn imrzw, Az-aud-dIn imrzw qy AwlmgIr dUjw (jo mgroN 1754 Aqy 1759 ivc bwdSwh bxy sn)[ ^sUsIAwq ^wn dI DI, lwl kMvr nwcI, nwl aus dw ieSk sI, ijhVI hmySw aus dy nwl rihMdI sI Aqy aus dy nwl hI kql kIqI geI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jhwn ^wn

ieh Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dw sB qoN v`fw jrnYl sI Aqy aus dy hr hmly ivc aus dy nwl irhw sI[sMn 1759 ivc iek vwr iek`lw vI AwieAw sI Aqy is`KW nwl lVweI ivc burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw sI[sMn 1762 ivc Aihmd Swh ny ies nUM rcnw-doAwb ivc sUbydwr bx id`qw sI[ AkqUbr 1763 ivc ieh kwbl vwips jwx dI iqAwrI kr irhw sI[cwr nvMbr 1763 dy idn is`K gurU-dw-c`k ivc iek`Ty hoey-hoey sn[ aunHW nMUM pqw l`gw ik A&Zwn jrnYl jhwn ^wn kwbl v`l jw irhw hY[ is`K &OjW ny aus nUM szw dyx dw &Yslw kIqw[ auh Ajy JnW dirAw pwr kr ky vzIrwbwd pu`jw sI ik is`K au~Qy Aw phuMcy[ aus ny B`j ky isAwlkot iklHy ivc morcw lw ilAw[ is`K &OjW ny iklHy nUM Gyr ilAw[ keI idn qk lVweI huMdI rhI[ iek mOky ’qy jhwn ^wn dy GoVy nUM golI l`gI qy auh GoVw mr ky ifg ipAw qy nwl hI jhwn ^wn vI[ is`KW ny smiJAw ik jhwn ^wn vI mr igAw hY[ jd is`KW ny jhwn ^wn dy mrn dw rOlw pwieAw qW A&Zwn &OjI mYdwn C`f ky B`jx lg pey[ ienHW ivc z^mI hoieAw jhwn ^wn vI sI[ A&ZwnW dw bhuq swrw Aslw vI is`KW dy h`Q Aw igAw[ies mOky ’qy jhwn ^wn dw t`br vI aus dy nwl sI[ is`KW ny A&Zwn AOrqW qy b`icAW nUM kuJ nw ikhw sgoN aunHW nUM mih&Uz jMmU Byj id`qw[

16 jnvrI 1767 dy idn jhwn ^wn ƒ pqw lgw ik bhuq swry is`K AMimRqsr ivc iek`Ty hoey hn[ Agly idn aus ny is`KW ’qy cVHweI kr idqI[ ies mOky ’qy dohW iDrW ivc ^Ub jMg hoeI[ iek pihr (iqMn GMty) dI lVweI ivc jhwn ^wn dy 15 hzwr ivcoN 5-6 hzwr &OjI mwry gey[ jd ies dI ^br Aihmd Swh ƒ hoeI qW auh Awp &Oj lY ky jhwn ^wn dI mdd vwsqy pu`jw[ ies ’qy is`K au~QoN cly gey[ hux Aihmd Swh ny Awpxw mwl-m`qw jlwlwbwd (ijlHw AMimRqsr) ivc C`ifAw qy is`KW dw ip`Cw krn lg ipAw[ jd is`KW nUM ies dI ^br imlI qW is`KW ny jlwlwbwd ’qy vI hmlw kr idqw[ ies mOky ’qy nwisr ^wn bloc ny Aihmd Swh nwl v&wdwrI swibq krn vwsqy is`KW dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw[ ies vwr vI dohW iDrW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw[ is`KW nwl aus dI Aw^rI t`kr meI 1767 ivc hoeI sI[  jhwn ^wn dI mOq 14 mwrc 1770 dy idn hoeI sI[ aus dI mOq mgroN Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dI qwkq A`DI rih geI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

BweI jgqw

gurU kwl ivc ies nW dy do pRmuK is`K hoey hn: 1. burhwnpur (m`D pRdyS) dw BweI jgqw jo gurU hirgoibMd swihb kol Aksr AwauNdw rihMdw sI[ ies ny gurU jI ’qy hoey hmilAW dOrwn duSmx dw twkrw kIqw sI Aqy lVweI ivc bhuq bhwdrI idKweI sI 2. iek BweI Bgqw, jo bRwhmx pRvwr ivcoN sI, gurU goibMd isMG swihb vyly dw msMd sI[ ieh lwhOr rihMdw sI[ jdoN gurU swihb ny msMdW dI prK kIqI sI qW ieh sur^rU swibq hoieAw sI 3. iek BweI jgqw BweI sMgq isMG (BweI PyrU) dw poq- cylw (BweI syvw rwm dw cylw) sI, jo mgroN bhuq mShUr hoieAw sI[ ies dI mOq 2 mwG 1868 (13 jnvrI 1812) dy idn hoeI sI[ mgroN ies dy cyilAW ny iek vKrw hI fyrw kwiem kr ilAw sI[ Aj-klH ies dIAW keI brWcW hn ijnHW ivcoN muK itkwxw swihb goinAwxw mMfI (izlHw biTMfw) Aqy itkwxw swihb pMjwbI bwZ id`lI ivc hn[ Bwrq srkwr ny 2012 ivc ies dI Xwd ivc iek pMj rupY dI fwk itkt vI jwrI kIqI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jgIr isMG PgUvwlIAw

jQydwr jgIr isMG PgUvwlIAw (sMn 1899- 19.4. 1974), pu`qr BweI virAwm isMG, dw jnm, ipMf P`gUvwl (qihsIl BvwnIgVH) ivc hoieAw sI[ 18 swl dI aumr ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI; auh 14 is`K rjmYNt dw ispwhI sI[ pihlI v`fI jMg ivc aus ny kwbul (A&Zwinsqwn) Aqy mYsopotwmIAw (ierwk) ivc &OjI muihMm ivc mUlIAq kIqI sI[ ies dOrwn nwnkwxw swihb dy swky sbMDI ros vjoN aus ny kwlI dsqwr sjweI sI; auh ikRpwn vI pihxdw sI[ aus nUM ikRpwn Aqy kwlI dsqwr kwrn do vwr &OjI kYd ivc vI r`iKAw igAw sI[ A^Ir Cy mhIny &Oj kYd mgroN aus nUM nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw igAw[ jdoN auh ipMf vwips pu`jw qW gurduAwrw suDwr lihr Awpxy jobn ’qy sI[ aus ny jQydwr pRIqm isMG gojrW Aqy vzIr isMG d&qrIvwlw nwl iml ky gurU dw bwZ morcw (Agsq[sqMbr 1922) ivc ih`sw ilAw[ ies mgrooN aus ny jYqo morcw (1924-25) ivc vI igR&qwrI id`qI[ ies vwr aus nUM pMj swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI[ auh pMj swl biTMfw jylH ivc kYd irhw[ sMn 1929 ivc aus ny syvw isMG TIkrIvwlw dI irhweI dI lihr ivc ih`sw ilAw[ ies vwr vI aus nUM pitAwlw rwjy dI pulIs ny igR&qwr kIqw Aqy aus ’qy qS`dd kIqw[ jdoN prjw mMfl lihr SurU hoeI qW jQydwr jgIr isMG vI aus dw ih`sw bx igAw; auh ies dw sk`qr bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies lihr dOrwn sMn 1933 ivc aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky Cy mhIny jylH ivc r`iKAw igAw sI; mgroN aus dI kYd do swl vDw id`qI geI sI[ sMn 1935 ivc aus ny ‘qwrw isMG- BUipMdrw isMG’ pYkt dI mu^lw&q kIqI[ ies vwr aus nUM iPr igR&qwr kr ky 18 mhIny vwsqy kYd kIqw igAw sI[ ies dOrwn prjw mMfl lihr kimaUinst Aqy ihMdU AwgUAW dy kbzy ivc Aw cukI sI, ies kr ky aus ny ies qoN AlihdgI hwisl kr leI[ irhweI mgroN auh mwstr qwrw isMG dw swQI bx igAw[ 1946 ivc auh mwstr qwrw isMG nUM vI C`f igAw Aqy ‘mwlvw AkwlI dl’ bx ilAw[ 1954 ivc auh pYpsU sUby dI AsYNblI vwsqy AYm.AYl. ey. cuixAw igAw sI[ pYpsU qy pMjwb sUibAW dy eyky mgroN 1967 ivc auh pMjwb AsYNblI dw AYm.AYl. ey. cuixAw igAw sI[ aus ny AwpxI izMdgI dw Aw^rI smW Awpxy ipMf ivc hI ibqwieAw[ aus dI mOq mgroN ipMf dy skUl dw nW aus dy nW ’qy r`K id`qw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

BweI j`gU

BweI j`gU 29 ApRYl 1635 dy idn PgvwVy ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ BweI j`gU BweI Drmy dw pu`qr, BweI Bojy dw poqw qy BweI rx ml dw pVpoqw sI[ auh rwTOr-rwjpUq pirvwr nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ jdoN auh ShId hoey qW aus dw pirvwr lwfvw (izlHw kurKyqr) ivc rih irhw sI[ j`gU iek bhwdr qy infr nOjvwn sI[ auh gurU jI dI &Oj dy iek bIr ispwhI sI[ krqwrpur dI lVweI (26 qoN 28 ApRYl 1635) ivc vI aus ny bhwdrI dy ^Ub jOhr idKwey sn[ 29 ApRYl dI svyr ƒ jdoN gurU swihb ny kIrqpur jwx dw &Yslw kIqw qW auh vI gurU jI dy nwl c`l ipAw[ rsqy ivc auh PgvwVy ivcoN lMG rhy sn qW muZl &OjW ny aunHW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies mOky ’qy j`gU f`t ky liVAw[ A^Ir auh jUJdw-jUJdw Awp vI vwihgurU dI drgwh ivc jw ibrwijAw[ j`gU dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:“….j`gU bytw Drmy kw, poqw Bojy kw rmwxw, vwsI lwfvw, prgnw Qwnysr, swl solW sY bwnmyN jyT mws kI sMkRWq idhuM bu`Dvwr, PgvwVw ky mlHwn, prgxw jlMDr, pwCY Aw rhI qurk &Oj gYl swmy mwQy jUJ kir mrY”(B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgxw jINd, Kwqw rmwxo kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jgdyv isMG qlvMfI

jQydwr jgdyv isMG qlvMfI (24.6.1929 – 19.9.2014) dw jnm bwbw CWgw isMG dy Gr ipMf c`k 52, mu`lWpur (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf mgroN auh ipMf qlvMfI rwey (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc Awbwd ho igAw sI[ sMn 1952 ivc auh ipMf dw srpMc cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1960 ivc auh rweykot hlky qoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ sMn 1967 ivc auh rweykot qoN AYm.AYl.ey. cuixAw igAw; auh sMn 1969 Aqy 1971 ivc vI AYm.AYl.ey. cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1969 ivc aus nUM pMjwb AsYNblI ivc „lIfr Aw& ApozISn‟ bxwieAw sI[ sMn 1969 qoN 1971 qk auh styt minstr irhw[ sMn 1960 ivc auh rweykot hlky qoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ sMn 1967 ivc auh rweykot qoN AYm.AYl.ey. cuixAw igAw; auh sMn 1969 Aqy 1971 ivc vI AYm.AYl.ey. cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1969 ivc aus nUM pMjwb AsYNblI ivc „lIfr Aw& ApozISn‟ bxwieAw sI[ sMn 1969 qoN 1971 qk auh styt minstr irhw[ sMn 1974 ivc auh SRomxI AkwlI dl dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ sMn 1977 ivc auh luiDAwxw hlky qoN lok sBw dw mYNbr bixAw[ sMn 1978 ivc aus ny luiDAwxw Sihr dy AkwlI jQy dy pRDwn Tykydwr surjn isMG nwl iml ky luiDAwxw ivc AkwlI kwn&rMs kIqI (jo iek`T dy ilhwz nwl AwpxI imswl Awp sI)[ sMn 1979 ivc aus ny jQydwr gurcrn isMG tOhVw nwl iml ky cI& minstr pRkwS isMG bwdl dy i^lw& pwrtI dI AMdrUnI lVweI ivc bhuq Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ sMn 1981 ivc bwdl v`loN hrcMd isMG lONgovwl nUM AkwlI dl dw pRDwn bxwey jwx mgroN aus ny Awpxw vKrw AkwlI dl bxw ilAw[ sMn 1982 ivc aus ny bwdl AkwlI dl Aqy kimaUinst pwrtI nwl iml ky ieMdrw gWDI vloN sqluj-Xmnw ilMk nihr bxwey jwx dy i^lw& morcw SurU kIqw[ bwdl dl v`loN morcw mulqvI krn dy bwvjUd aus ny morcw jwrI r`iKAw[ Agsq 1982 ivc bwdl dl ny jdoN iBMfrWvwilAW dw morcw Apxw ilAw Aqy ies nUM „Drm XuD‟ morcw dw nW id`qw qW aus ny Apxw morcw ies ivc Swiml kr id`qw[ ieh morcw 2 jUn 1984 qk cldw irhw[ ies dOrwn iek vwr AkwlI dl ny Awpxy swry AYm.AYl. eyz Aqy AY.pIz v`loN AsqI&y dyx dw AYlwn kIqw qW smW Awaux ‟qy aunHW ny bhwny bxwauxy SurU kIqy qW fw rwijMdr kOr Aqy qlvMfI ny AYlwn kiqw ik bwkI jxy AsqI&y dyx jW nw dyx, AsIN zrUr AsqI&y dyvWgy; nqIjy dy qOr ‟qy bwkIAW nUM vI AsqI&y dyxy pey[ drbwr swihb ‟qy hmlw (4 jUn 1984) mgroN aus nUM vI igR&qwr rk ilAw igAw; auh sMn 1985 qk jylH ivc irhw[ sMn 2001 ivc auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ aus dI mOq 85 swl dI aumr ivc hoeI sI[ jQydwr jgdyv isMG qlvMfI ny cwr b`icAW nUM jnm id`qw sI:

do bytIAW Aqy do pu`qr (rxjIq isMG qy jgjIq isMG)[ jQydwr jgdyv isMG qlvMfI bhuq s`cw su`cw, jzbwqI, sMjIdw qy pMQk soc vwlw AkwlI sI[ jgdyv isMG qlvMfI ierwdy dw eyfw p`kw sI ik aus nUM “loh purS” ikhw jWdw sI[ aus ivc iek kmzorI vI sI ik auh Z`usy ivc Aw ky ASlIl gwhlW ivc k`F jwieAw krdw sI[ swry aus dI ies Awdq qoN vwik& sn, ies kr ky koeI aus ‟qy Z`usw nhIN krdw sI[ aus dy injI duSmxW ny aus ‟qy iek JUTw ielzwm „A&Im dy smglrW dw AwgU‟ kih ky vI lwieAw sI, jo iblkul Zlq sI[ jQydwr jgdyv isMG qlvMfI dw Brw dyvrwj isMG qlvMfI vI kuJ smW AYm.AYl.ey. Aqy vzIr irhw sI (aus dw pu`qr crnjIq isMG cMnI KwVkU lihr ivc bhuq srgrm sI Aqy aus nUM iek nklI mukwbly ivc mwr id`qw igAw sI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

rwjw jgqjIq isMG kpUrQlw

mhwrwjw jgqjIq isMG (23.11.1872 – 19.6.1949) pu`qr KVk isMG dw jnm kpUrQlw ivc hoieAw sI[ ipqw dI mOq (16 AkqUbr 1877) qoN mgroN auh pMj swl dI aumr ivc kpUrQlw irAwsq dI g`dI ’qy bYiTAw sI; pr aus nUM mhwrwjw dw drjw sMn 1911 ivc imilAw sI[ aus ny pMjwbI Aqy AMgryz ausqwdW koloN ividAw hwisl kIqI sI, ijs kr ky aus dw JukwA p`CmI siBAqw vl izAwdw ho igAw sI[ aus ny XUrp dy keI mulkW dw dOrw kIqw sI Aqy AwpxI rwjDwnI kpUrQlw nUM XUrpIn FMg bwZW Aqy ^UbsUrq iemwrqW dw ngr bxw id`qw sI[ jgqjIq isMG ny sulqwnpur loDI ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw byr swihb dI auswrI krvweI sI[ auh hmySw AMgryzI hwkmW dw v&wdwr irhw sI; ies kr ky AMgryzW ny aus nUM ‘lIg Aw& nySnz’ (purwxI XU.AYn.E.) ivc irAwsqW dy numwieMdy vjoN ByijAw sI[ auh ies dIAW mIitMgW ivc 1927, 1927 qy 1929 ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ 1948 ivc jdoN pMjwb dIAW irAwsqW nUM ie`kiTAW kr ky pYpsU subw bxwieAw igAw qW aus nUM ‘aup pRmuK’ (ifptI gvrnr) dw Ahudw id`qw igAw sI[ aus dI mOq 19949 ivc kpUrQlw ivc hoeI sI[ jgqjIq isMG ny p`CmI Asr hyTW kys ktw id`qy sn; Aqy iek vwr jdoN Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr dI pRbMDk kmytI ny aus nUM kwlj ivc sd ky snmwn kIqw qW AkwlI AwgUAW ny ies dI zbrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI sI[ ies mOky ’qy iek is`K ividAwrQI ny ‘piqq mhwrwjw go bYk’ dy nwAry vI lwey sn[ iesy Gtnw ivcoN is`K stufYNts &YfrySn ny jnm ilAw sI.

rwjw jgqjIq isMG jvwnI ivc

ADKV aumr ivc piqq hox mgroN

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jgq isMG prmwr

BweI mnI isMG dy Coty Brw BweI jgq isMG ƒ vI aunHW dy nwl 24 jUn 1734 dy idn lwhOr dy inKws cOk ivc ShId kIqw igAw sI[ jgq isMG mweI dws dw bytw, ShId BweI b`lU dw poqw Aqy BweI mUlw dw pVpoqw sI[ ieh BweI mweI dws dy 12 byitAW ivcoN ATvyN QW ’qy sI[

BweI jgq isMG ƒ ApRYl 1734 ivc AMimRqsr ivc BweI mnI isMG dy nwl igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ aus ƒ bwkI swQIAW vWg “ieslwm Aqy mOq” ivcoN iek cuxn dI pySkS kIqI geI sI pr aus ny jwn bcwaux vwsqy Drm C`fxw kbUl nw kIqw[ aus dI ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc ieM\ imldw hY:“mnI dws bytw mweI dws kw, poqw b`lU kw, pVpoqw mUly kw, SwhI hukm gYl sMmq sqrW sY iekwnmy AswF sudI pMcmI lwhOr ky mlHwn, Cy GrI idhuM cFy bMd-bMd kwtw[ BUM kwt AwieAw[ gYloN jgq isMG bytw mweI dws kw, icqr isMG bytw mnI isMG kw, gurb^S isMG bytw mnI isMG kw mwry gey…[”

jgq isMG dw iek bytw sI: bhwey isMG[bhwey isMG dy A`goN do byty, su`Kw isMG qy lwl isMG sn[ su`Kw isMG dy A`goN Cy byty sn: muSqwk isMG, Arjn isMG, Drm isMG, bu`D isMG, cUhV isMG qy kIrq isMG [ ienHW ivcoN Drm isMG dy A`goN iqMn byty sn: Awsw isMG, qylw isMG qy kwlw isMG[ ieM\ hI bu`D isMG dy A`goN iqMn byty sn: rwjw isMG, dysw isMG qy gurb^S isMG[ A`goN v`fy byty rwjw isMG dy pMj byty sn: rwm isMG, mohr isMG, zwilm isMG, nMd isMG qy iSvrwm isMG[ rwm isMG dy A`goN pRqwp isMG qy mMgq isMG sn[

ieM\ hI BweI Drm isMG dy v`fy byty Awsw isMG dy byty dysw isMG qy m`Xw isMG sn[ Drm isMG dy Coty byty kwlw isMG dy pMj byty sn: su`Kw isMG, BUnw isMG, mhW isMG, bwl isMG qy rwm isMG[

BweI jgq isMG dy Coty poqy lwl isMG dw bytw swihb isMG sI, ijs dy A`goN 4 byty sn: rwm isMG, bIrbl isMG, dl isMG qy ml isMG[ ienHW dI A`goN AOlwd vI hY[ ieh pirvwr ipMf is`KAwVw nyVy B`fU blOr, jMmU ivc rihMdy rhy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jgq isMG (jYqo)

jgq isMG (jYqo) (1)
BweI jgq isMG (vwsI ipMf jmSyr, izlHw lwhOr) jYqo morcy ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy qIjy ShIdI jQy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh jQw drbwr swihb AMimRqsr qoN 3 mwrc 1924 dy idn cl ky 7 ApRYl 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ies jQy ivc Swiml is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI qy nwBw jylH ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jylH ivc qsIihAW Aqy mwVI ^urwk kwrn BweI jgq isMG kYd ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI.

jgq isMG (jYqo) (2)
BweI jgq isMG (pu`qr BweI Bgvwn isMG, vwsI ipMf Dlyqw, izlHw jlMDr) jYqo morcy ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy cOQy ShIdI jQy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh jQw AnMdpur swihb qoN 26 mwrc 1924 dy idn cilAw sI Aqy drbwr swihb AMimRqsr qoN isropwE lY ky ky 18 ApRYl 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ies jQy ivc Swiml is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI qy nwBw jylH ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jylH ivc qsIihAW Aqy mwVI ^urwk kwrn BweI jgq isMG kYd ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI.

hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jYqo morcw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jgq isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

jgq isMG (Zdr pwrtI) (1)

BweI jgq isMG, pu`qr BweI ArUV isMG, dw jnm ipMf surisMG (hux izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh brqwnvI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ kuJ swlW mgroN aus ny &Oj dI nOkrI C`f id`qI Aqy knyfw clw igAw, ij`Qy auh iek lkVI cIrn dI iml ivc kMm krdw irhw[ jdoN Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI qW auh ies dw iek srgrm mYNbr bx igAw[ Agsq 1914 ivc hrnwm isMG nW dw (imlsweIf gurduAwrw dw iek swbk gRMQI) jo knyfw dy ^u&IAw mihkmy dw eyjMt sI, mwirAw igAw[ aus dI mOq 14 Aqy 31 Agsq dy ivckwr hoeI sI[ Sk kIqw jWdw sI ik aus dw kql ies jgq isMG ny kIqw hY; pr ies dw koeI sbUq nw iml skx kwrn auh bc igAw (mgroN pqw l`gw ik aus dw kql iksy hor jgq isMG ny kIqw sI)[ 1914 ivc Zdr pwrtI dy ijhVy kwrkuMn AMgryzW dy i^lw& hiQAwrbMd AYkSn krn vwsqy pMjwb nUM gey qW auh vI aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ aus ny bhuq swrIAW kwrvweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ auh c`bw, mnsUrW qy swhnyvwl fwikAW ivc vI Swiml sI (ieh fwky srkwrI ^zwnw Aqy hiQAwr lu`tx vwsqy mwry gey sn)[ jdoN Zdr pwrtI dw v`fw AYkSn hox qoN pihlW hI pwrtI dy bhuqy AwgU Aqy kwrkuMn PVy gey qW bc jwx vwilAW ivc krqwr isMG srwBw, hrnwm isMG tuMfIlwt Aqy ieh jgq isMG vI sn[ ieh swry bc ky A&Zwinsqwn nUM c`l pey sn[ pr, mgroN aunHW ny pMjwb prqx dw &Yslw kIqw[ jd auh muV rhy sn qW aunHW dy iek swQI ny ZdwrI kr ky aunHW nUM 2 mwrc 1915 dy idn ivlsnpur (nyVy c`k nMbr 5 Swhpur (izlHw srgoDw) ivc igR&qwr krvw id`qw[ ienHW nUM pihly lwhOr swizS kys ivc cwrj kIqw igAw Aqy 13 sqMbr 1915 dy idn ienHW nUM &WsI dI szw suxweI geI[ iennHW nUM 16 nvMbr 1915 dy idn lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI ’qy cVHwieAw igAw sI.

jgq isMG (Zdr pwrtI) (2)

BweI jgq isMG, pu`qr BweI sdw isMG, dw jnm ipMf ibM\l ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy sMn 1904 ivc auh brqwnvI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ kuJ swlW mgroN aus ny &Oj dI nOkrI C`f id`qI Aqy AmrIkw clw igAw [ jdoN Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI qW auh ies dw iek srgrm mYNbr bx igAw[1914 ivc Zdr pwrtI dy ijhVy kwrkuMn AMgryzW dy i^lw& hiQAwrbMd AYkSn krn vwsqy pMjwb nUM gey qW auh vI aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ aus ny bhuq swrIAW kwrvweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ 20 &rvrI 1915 dy idn Zdr pwrtI v`loN plwn kIqy AYkSn muqwibk aus ny krqwr isMG srwBw dI AgvweI ivc &Irozpur dy iklHy ’qy hmlw krnw sI[ pr, jdoN plwn ^ylH ho igAw qW srwBw ny aus nUM luiDAwxy clw jwx vwsqy ikhw[ ies idn auh Awpxy kuJ swQIAW nwl tWgy ’qy svwr ho ky G`l Kurd jw irhw sI qW rsqy ivc pulIs ny Awm pVqwl vwsqy tWgy nUM roikAw[ ies mOky ’qy aus dI pulIs nwl qkrwr hoeI, ijs dOrwn aus ny Zu`sy ivc Aw ky aus pulIs vwly ’qy golI clw id`qI qy aus nUM mwr id`qw[ mgroN jgq isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy aus nUM &WsI dI szw suxweI geI[ aus nUM 27 mwrc 1915 dy idn imMtgumrI jylH ivc &WsI id`qI geI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

^usro

Kusro (6.8.1587-29.1.1622) Swh byZm (puqrI AMbyr/jYpur dw rwjw Bgvwn dws) dI ku`K qoN jhWgIr dw v`fw puqr sI[ aus dI pVHweI iek Aijhy ausqwd ny krvweI ijs ny ies nUM KulH-idlw bxw id`qw[ ies kr ky ies dI socxI Awpxy bwp slIm (mgroN jhWgIr) nwloN bhuq vKrI iksm dI sI[ ies hwlq ivc ies dI mW ny sMn 1604 ivc ^udkuSI kr leI[ AkqUbr 1605 ivc jhWgIr bwdSwh bx igAw[ hux aus ny Kusro dI s^q ingrwnI krnI SurU kr id`qI[ ies hwlq qoN qMg Aw ky Kusro 6 ApRYl 1606 dy idn Awgrw qoN inkl igAw pMjwb v`l n`s ipAw[ jd ieh lwhOr pu`jw qW ie`QoN dy sUbydwr ny ies nUM AMdr nw vVn id`qw[ ies kr ky ieh ie`QoN B`j igAw, pr 27 ApRYl 1606 dy idn JnW dirAw ’qy PiVAw igAw[ jhWgIr ny ies dIAW A`KW islvw id`qIAW qy kYd kr idqw[ kYd ivc hI sMn 1622 ivc ies nUM ies dy Brw Ku`rm (mgroN Swh jhwn) ny kql kr idqw sI[

Kusro dI igR&qwrI mgroN jhWgIr lwhOr ivc irhw Aqy aus ny Kusro dI mdd krn vwly hr iek S^s nUM szw id`qI[ is`KW dy duSmxW ny jhWgIr dy kMn Br ky grU Arjn swihb nUM vI Kusro dw hmdrd kih ky gurU jI nUM vI igR&qwr krvw ky ShId krvw id`qw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

^uSvMq isMG

^uSvMq isMG (2.2.1915 – 20.3.2014), dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy ipMf hfwlI (izlHw ^uSwb) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh sr soBw isMG Aqy vIrW bweI dw Cotw pu`qr sI[ sr soBw isMG iemwrqW bxwaux dI TykydwrI dw kMm kirAw krdw sI[ aus ny skUlI ividAw id`lI qoN hwisl kIqI sI[ ies mgroN aus ny stI&n kwlj id`lI qoN Aqy ikMgz kwlj lMfn ivc kwlj dI pVHweI kIqI Aqy iPr ieMnr tYNpl lMfn qoN vkwlq dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI[ ies mgroN aus ny dyS nUM muV ky lwhOr ivc vkwlq SurU kr leI[ 1947 ivc auh ieMfIAn &w`rn srivisz ivc cuixAw igAw Aqy trWto ivc ien&rmySn A&sr vjoN qweInwq kIqw igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny lMfn ivc vI syvw inBweI[ 1951 ivc aus ny Awl ieMfIAw ryfIE ivc nOkrI kr leI[ ies mgroN auh XUnYsko dy pYirs d&qr ivc nOkrI krdw irhw[ 1956 ivc ah Bwrq srkwr dy rswly Xojnw dw AYfItr bx igAw[ ies mgroN auh ielstrytf vIklI Aw& ieMfIAw, iPr nYSnl hYrlf qy iPr ihMdusqwn tweImz dw AYfItr bx igAw[ aus dy smyN ivc ielstrytf vIklI Aw& ieMfIAw dw srkulySn 65 hzwr qoN cwr l`K qk phuMc igAw; pr aus dy htwey jwx mgroN ieh prcw iPr burI qrHW ifg ipAw[

1974 ivc aus nUM pdm BUSn dw AYvwrf id`qw igAw[ 1980 ivc aus nUM rwj sBw dw mYNbr nwmzd kIqw igAw[ 1984 ivc drbwr swihb ‘qy hmly dy i^l& pRotYst vjoN aus ny ieh AYvwrf vwips kr id`qw[ kuJ icr mgroN auh kWgrs pwrtI dw ihmwieqI bx igAw qy 2007 ivc aus nUM ipdm ivBUSn dw AYvwrf id`qw igAw[

^uSvMq isMG dI SwdI kMvl kOr milk nwl hoeI sI ijs qoN aus dw iek pu`qr rwhul isMG qy DI mwlw (kOr) pYdw hoey sn[

^uSvMq isMG ny bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW vI ilKIAW ijnHW ivcoN muK hn: ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz (do ijldW), rxjIq isMG (mhwrwjw Aw& pMjwb), d is`Kz, d AYN`f Aw& ieMfIAw, AYgnOsitk ^uSvMq: idXr iez no gw`f[ ienHW qoN ielwvw aus ny swihqk rcnwvW vI kIqIAW, ijvyN: pwiksqwn myl, id`lI, trbnf tornYfo: d mrwQn r`nr Awid[ aus dI ‘pwiksqwn myl’ ikqwb bhuq mShUr hoeI sI; ies dw qrjmw keI zbwnW ivc CipAw sI Aqy ies ’qy iek i&lm vI bxI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw aus ny keI hlkIAW PulkIAW ikqwbW vI ilKIAW, ijvyN: sYks, skw`c AYNf skwlriSp, ^uSvMq isMGz joks Awid.

^uSvMq isMG jvwnI ivc:

 

^uSvMq isMG buFwpy ivc:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

KuSwl isMh

^uSwl isMh (1790-18.6. 1844) myrT prgxw dy iekrI ipMf dy gOV bRwhmx hrgoibMd dw pu`qr sI[ sMn 1807 ivc auh sqwrW swl dI aumr ivc lwhOr AwieAw qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc (DONkl isMG dI rjmMMt ivc) ispwhI vjoN BrqI ho igAw[ sMn 1810 ivc aus ny idKwvy vjoN pwhul lY leI qy mhwrwjw dy nyVy hox lg ipAw[

auh bhuq suhxw jvwn sI, ijs ’qy mhwrwjw ny aus nUM Awpxw injI syvwdwr (i^dmqgwr) bxw ilAw[ auh bhuq cusq cwlwk Aqy cwplUsI krn dw bhuq mwihr sI[ CyqI hI auh mhwrwjw dw sB qoN v`fw ivSvws-pwqR bx igAw[ sMn 1811 ivc mhwrwjw ny aus nuM Awpxw ifEFI brdwr bxw id`qw (hux aus dI mrzI ibnw Sihzwdy qy jrnYl vI mhwrwjw nUM nhIN iml skdy sn)[ auDr fogirAW ny vI mhwrwjw ’qy fory pwauxy SurU kIqy hoey sn[ iDAwn isMh fogrw ies klw dw mwihr sI[sMn 1818 ivc kuJ smW C`f ky ^uSwl isMh 15 swl ifEFI brdwr irhw[ ieh &Oj dw iek jrnYl vI sI Aqy keI muihMmW ’qy vI ByijAw igAw sI, ijvyN: kSmIr (sMn 1814), mulqwn (sMn 1816), mnkyrw, lyh, fyrwjwq (sMn 1820), ipSwvr (sMn 1823) qy kWgVw (sMn 1828)[ sMn 1832 ivc jd rwjw Syr isMG nUM kSmIr dw nwzm bxwieAw qW aus dI mdd krn vwsqy Byjy gey iqMn slwhkwrW ivcoN iek ieh vI sI {dUjy do sn Sy^ iemwm-aud-dIn Aqy ig. gurmuK isMG (p`uqr ig. sMq isMG)}[

rwxI cMd kOr qy Syr isMG dy JgVy ivc ies ny cMd kOr dI ihmwieq kIqI ijs kr ky Syr isMG ies qoN nwrwz ho igAw Aqy ies nUM drbwr dy swry AhuidAW qoN htw id`qw igAw[ fogry pihlW hI ies dy i^lw& sn[sMn 1843 ivc jdoN dlIp isMG mhwrwjw bixAw qW hIrw isMh fogrw pRweIm minstr bx igAw[ aus ny AwauNidAW hI ies dI jwgIr dw kuJ ih`sw zbq kr ilAw; ies qoN kuJ mhIny bwAd hI aus dI mOq ho geI[

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG aus ’qy bhuq imhrbwn sI qy aus nUM bhuq jwgIrW idqIAW hoeIAW sn[ aus kol 180 ipMfW dI jwgIr sI ijs qoN 1 l`K 20 hzwr rupY swlwn dI Awmdn sI (audoN iek Awm ispwhI dI qn^wh 5 rupY mhInw huMdI sI)[ auh Awpxy pu`qr ikSn isMh vwsqy coKI dOlq C`f ky igAw sI[ hIrw isMh fogry dy kql mgroN aus dw BqIjw imsr qyj rwm (qyjw isMh) pRweIm minstr bixAw sI[ iesy qyjw isMh Zdwr ny AMgryzW nwl iml ky pMjwb ’qy aunHW dw kbzw krvwieAw sI qy AMgryzW ny eInwm vjoN aus nUM rwjw dw i^qwb id`qw sI.

jmWdwr ^uSwl isMh gOV

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

^uShwl isMG isMGpurIAw

BweI ^uShwl isMG (mOq sMn 1795) BweI dwn isMG ivrk (Brw nvwb kpUr isMG) dw p`uqr sI[1753 ivc dwn isMG dI mOq ho geI[ aus mgroN ^uShwl isMG isMGpurIAw imsl dw jQydwr bixAw[ aus vyly qk ies imsl ny jlMDr-doAwb, mnOlI, GnOlI, BrqgV, bulMdgVH, hYbqpur, p`tI, nUrpur, bihrwmpur, Awdmpur, bMgw, bylw, C`q, bnUV, Abohr vgYrw ij`q ley hoey sn[ ies dI kul Awmdn swFy iqMn l`K swlwnw sI[ ies ivcoN do l`K bwrI doAwb ivc, iek l`K ibsq duAwb ivc qy 50000 C`q bnUV dI AwmdnI sI[

KuShwl isMG dI mOq qoN mgroN aus dw pu`qr buD isMG imsl dw muKI bixAw[ AkqUbr 1811 ivc rxjIq isMG ny aus ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ auh dOV ky sqluj pwr AMgryzI ielwky ivc clw igAw[ ies mgroN rxjIq isMG ny aus dy bwkI ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[sMn 1816 ivc bu`D isMG dI mOq ho geI[ buD isMG dy s`q pu`qr sn[ buD isMG dI irAwsq aunHW ny Awps ivc vMf leI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

^uShwl isMG (nwnkwxw)

BweI ^uShwl isMG (17.3.1889 – 20.2.1921), pu`qr BweI bu`D isMG dw jnm ipMf inzwmpur dyvw isMG vwlw (izlHw Sy^Upurw) ivc hoieAw sI[ ^uShwl isMG BwvyN skUl nhIN igAw sI pr aus ny bhuq swrI gurbwxI zubwnI Xwd kIqI hoeI sI[ bcpn qoN hI aus dw JukwA Dwrimk srgrmIAW vl sI[ aus ny sMn 1919 dy is`K lIg dy sYSn ivc vI hwzrI BrI sI Aqy AkqUbr 1920 dI DwrovwlI kwn&rMs ivc vI ih`sw ilAw sI[ 19 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jd BweI lCmx isMG j`Qw lY ky nwnkwxw swihb nUM c`ly qW prvwr dy rokx dy bwvjUd ieh aus ivc Swiml ho igAw ij`Qy Agly idn aus ny fyF sO qoN vD is`KW dy nwl ShId kr id`qw igAw sI.

hor vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb swkw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

^uShwl isMG

BweI KuShwl (kuSwl) isMG ny pihlI dsMbr 1700 dy idn iklHw lohgVH dy bwhr crn gMgw dy mYdwn ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ BweI KuShwl isMG BweI m`Kx Swh vxjwry dw pu`qr, BweI dwsw dw poqw qy BweI ArQw dw pVpoqw sI[ auh pylIAw-lubwxw Kwndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ ieh pirvwr gurU hir rwie swihb dy vyly qoN (iek irvwieq muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN qoN) is`K pMQ nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1660 ivc jdoN gurU hir rwie swihb kSmIr gey qW m`Kx Swh dy kwPly dy nwl hI gey sn[ audoN auh BweI m`Kx Swh dy ipMf tWfw lubwxw vI gey sn[m`Kx Swh lubwxw dw ipMf tWfw lubwxw kSmIr ivc muz`&rwbwd qoN qkrIbn 28 iklomItr dUr hY[aus vyly ieh iek v`fw tWfw sI qy ies kr ky hI ies ƒ “motw (v`fw) tWfw” vI AwKdy hoxgy[

jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny Kwlsw pRgt kIqw qW m`Kx Swh lubwxw dy iqMnW pu`qrW cMdw isMG, lwl isMG qy ^uShwl isMG ny KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI[ ^uShwl isMG qW gurU swihb dI &Oj ivc vI Swiml hoieAw sI[ auh bVw dlyr, bhwdr qy jMgjU nOjvwn sI[ auh kw&I smW gurU goibMd isMG swihb kol AnMdpur swihb ivc vI irhw sI[ pihlI sqMbr 1700 dy idn jdoN iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny AnMdpur swihb dy iklHy lohgVH ’qy hmlw kr id`qw qW BweI mnI isMG, BweI bic`qr isMG, BweI audY isMG, BweI Awlm isMG soDrIAw, BweI Awlm isMG prmwr cOrbrdwr, BweI su`Kw isMG, BweI ^uShwl isMG bVI bhwdrI nwl lVy qy bhuq swry phwVI &OjIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwr id`qw[ Swm qk phwVI &OjW sYNkVy bMdy mrvw ky B`j geIAW[ BweI ^uShwl isMG ies lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[

ies lVweI dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ivc ieM\ iliKAw imldw hY: gurU kw bcn pwie mnI isMG bytw mweIdws kw poqw b`lU rwie kw…bic`qr isMG bytw mnI isMG kw audY isMG bytw mnI isMG kw….. Awlm isMG bytw durgwdws kw poqw pdmy kw….hjwvq AWibAwnw….swl sqrW sY sqvMjw AsUj pRivSty pihlI rvIvwr ky idhuM iklHw lohgVH pRgnw mwKovwl sy Kwlsw dl ko gYl lY crn gMgw ndI ky mlHwn, swmHyN mwQy Gor Xu`D kIAw[ … Awlm isMG bytw drIAw kw poqw mUly kw…..jlHwnw, su`Kw isMG bytw rwie isMG kw poqw mweIdws kw, kuSwl isMG bytw m`KxSwh kw poqw dwsy kw-pylIAw bxjwrw, rx myN jUJ kr mry[ Awgy gurU Bwxy kw KwibMd hY[ gurU kI giq gurU jwxy (B`t vhI qlauNFw jINd, Kwqw jlhwnoN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

^udw isMG

BweI ^udw isMG (1786-29.9. 1861) dw jnm, ivc ipMf iSAwmgVH (izlHw krnwl) dy, BweI n`Qw isMG dy Gr jsvMq isMG vjoN hoieAw sI[ ies dI SwdI cMd kOr nwl hoeI sI[ jvwn hox ’qy ieh pulIs ivc BrqI ho igAw Aqy Qwxydwr dy Ahudy ’qy qweInwq hoieAw[ ies dOrwn ies dw rwbqw bIr isMG nOrMgwbwdI qy swihb isMG bydI nwl hoieAw Aqy ies ny nOkrI C`f id`qI Aqy gurmiq pRcwr ivc ru`J igAw[ ies ny mulqwn, hjro, hsn Abdwl, ^Yrwbwd, nOSihrw, ipSwvr qk pRcwr kIqw[ ieh A&Zwinsqwn dy ngrW kwbul Aqy jlwlwbwd hI nhIN blik bu^wrw qk vI is`KI dw pRcwr krdw irhw[ jsvMq isMG hr vyly ‘^udw ^udw’ kihMdw rihMdw sI ies kr ky lok ies nUM ‘^udw isMG’ kihx lg pey sn[ ies dw iek cylw (swQI) tihl isMG vI sI jo ‘AlI isMG’ (hzrq muhMmd dy dwmwd Aqy iek ^lI&y dw nW) vjoN jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ lwhOr drbwr Aqy AMgryzW ivc hoeIAW lVweIAW dOrwn ieh p`CmI pMjwb dy ielwky ivc pRcwr krdw huMdw sI; ies kr ky AMgryz ies ’qy S`k krn lg pey sn ik ieh BweI mhwrwj isMG dw swQI hY; ies kr ky sMn 1849 ivc ies nUM kuJ icr vwsqy kYd vI kr id`qw igAw sI; pr CyqI hI irhw kr id`qw sI[ aus ny AwpxI aumr dw Aw^rI ih`sw lwhOr ivc, cUnw mMfI Aqy gurU Arjn swihb dy dIvwn^wny dy ivckwr, iek Drmswlw ivc rih ky ibqwieAw sI.

drbwr ^udw isMG lwhOr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

KIvI (mwqw)

mwqw KIvI gurU AMgd swihb dI pqnI sn[Awp ipMf sMGr dy BweI dyvI cMd Aqy mwqw krn dyvI dI bytI sn[ Awp dw ivAwh gurU AMgd swihb nwl 15 nvMbr 1519 dy idn hoieAw sI[ Awp dy Gr do pu`qrW (sMn 1524 ivc dwsU qy sMn 1537 ivc dwqU) qy do DIAW (sMn 1526 ivc Amro qy sMn 1535 ivc AxoKI) ny jnm ilAw[ Awp dI mOq sMn 1582 ivc hoeI sI[

gurU AMgd swihb sMn 1532 ivc gurU nwnk swihb kol Aw ky rihx lg pey sn qy mwqw KIvI vI aunHW kol AwauNdy rihMdy hoxgy[ ijvyN gurU AMgd swihb syvw krdy sn mwqw KIvI ny vI krqwrpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy is`K sMgqW dI bhuq syvw kIqI hovygI[

iesy kr ky hI aunHW bwry kvI blvMf ny iliKAw hY: blvMf, KIvI nyk jn, ijsu bhuqI Cwau pqRwlI] lµgir dauliq vMfIAY, rsu AMimRqu KIir iGAwlI] gurisKw ky muK aujly, mnmuK QIey prwlI] pey kbUlu KsMm nwil, jW Gwl mrdI GwlI] mwqw KIvI shu soie, ijin goie auTwlI] (gurU gMQ swihb, s&w 967)[

mwqw KIvI is`K pMQ dI ie`ko iek bIbI hY ijs dw nW gurU gRMQ swihb ivc do vwr AwauNdw hY[ pihlI lweIn ivc aunHW nUM “nyk AOrq” ikhw hY qy pMjvIN lweIn ivc gurU AMgd sihb dw izkr “mwqw KIvI dw shu (pqI)” vjoN kIqw hY[

irvwieq muqwibk jd gurU AMgd swihb joqI-joiq smw gey qW aunHW dy v`fy pu`qr dwqU ny Awpxy Awp nUM gurU AKvwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ ieh mwqw KIvI sI ijs ny aus nUM smJw buJw ky ies hrkq qoN htvwieAw Aqy gurU Amr dws jI kol ilAw ky aus dI Bu`l b^SvweI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Kymkrn, BweI

gurU hir rwey swihb dI bytI bIbI rUp kOr (9 ApRYl 1649- 24 Agsq 1727) dI SwdI 4 nvµbr 1662 dy idn psrUr (gujrWvwlw ivKy) invwsI BweI Kymkrn (pu`qr pYrw m`l, Du`sw-KqrI) nwl hoeI sI[ ivAwh qoN iqµn idn bwAd BweI Kym krn Aqy bIbI rUp kOr kIrqpur Aw gey Aqy nwl dy ipMf kilAwxpur ivc rihx lg pey sn[

Awp dy Gr iek byty Amr cMd (pwhul mgroN Amr isMG) ny jnm ilAw sI[ BweI Kymkrn dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieMj imldw hY:“gurU qyg bhwdr jI mhl nWvyN, bkwlw sy kIrqpur Awey, prgnw kihlUr, swl sqrW sY iekIs Bwdvw sudI dsmIN, Kym krn Du`sy KqrI ky Gr bIbI rUp kaur ky blwaunw[ swQ dvwrkw dws AwieAw bytw ArjwnI swihb B`ly kw, swQ dIvwn drGw ml AwieAw bytw dvwrkw dws iCbr kw, swQ j`gU bytw pdmw kw AwieAw, hjwvq AWibAwnw[…”(B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, prgxw jINd, Kwqw hjwvqoN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Kymw cMdnIAw

BweI Kymw cMdnIAW BweI Drmw dw pu`qr Aqy BweI Bojw dw poqw sI[ auh rwTOr-rwjpUq pirvwr nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ ies dw bytw BweI aUdw nvMbr 1675 ivc BweI jYqw nwl rl ky gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw sIs id`lI qoN AnMdpur lY ky AwieAw sI[ iehI aUdw mgroN 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn BMgwxI dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ ies pirvwr ivcoN hor vI bhuq swry jvwn gurU swihb dy smyN Aqy mgroN vI pMQ vwsqy ShId hoey sn[

BweI aUdw dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieMj imldw hY: “aUdIAw bytw Kymy cMdnIey kw poqw Drmy kw, pVpoqw Bojy kw, sUrj bMsI gOqm goqrw rwTOr rmwnw, gurU kI bUAw ky byty sMgoSwh, jIq ml byty swDU ky, poqy Drmy Kosly KqrI ky gYl rn BUMmI myN Awey[ swl sqrW sY pYNqwlIs Asuj pRivSt ATwrW, BMgwxI ky mlHwn, jmnw igrI ky miDAwn rwj nwhn, eyk GrI idhuM Kly jUJMqy sUirEN gYl swmHy mwQy jUJ kr mrw[ gYloN hTI cMd bytw mweI dws kw….jlHwnw blauNq mwrw igAw[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw rmwinEN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Kym isMG bydI

Kym isMG bydI (21.2. 1832 – 10.4.1905), pu`qr Aqr isMG, poqw ibSn isMG qy pVpoqw swihb isMG bydI, dw jnm aUnw (hux ihmWcl pRdyS) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh Ajy s`q swl dw sI ik aus dw ipqw qy dwdw dovyN cVHweI kr gey[ jvwn hox ‟qy auh brqwnvI A&srW dw ^Yr-^Íwh bx igAw Aqy ies bdly aus nUM srkwry drbwr mwn snmwn imlx lg ipAw[ sMn 1857 dy Zdr smyN vI aus ny AMgruzW dI bhuq mdd kIqI[sMn 1877 ivc aus nUM imMtgumrI dw mijstryt QwipAw igAw[ auh srkwr dI kONsl Aw& styt dw mYNbr vI sI[

sMn 1873 ivc jd isMG sBw kwiem hoeI qW aus nUM ies dw „srpRsq‟ cux lAw igAw sI[ BwvyN auh isMG sBw dw muKI sI pr auh is`KW dI ivl`Kx hsqI dw ivroDI sI Aqy Awpxy Awp nUM ihMdU mMndw sI[

auDr, ijauN-ijauN isµG sBw lihr PYldI geI ies dy AwgUAW ivcoN reIs DVy dy bhuqy cODrIAW au~qy lIfriSp dw BUq svwr ho igAw[ rwjw ibkrm isµG PrIdkot qy Kym isµG bydI vwsqy gdyly ivCwey jwx lg pey[ eynw hI nhIN, ies DVy ny isµG sBw lihr dy AsUlW dy ault, „dilqW‟ qoN dUrI vDwauxI SurU kr idqI[ hor qW hor jdoN drbwr swihb ivc buqpRsqI rokx, TwkrW dI pUjw Kqm krn Aqy drbwr swihb dI hdUd coN mUrqIAW cukx dI mµg auTI qW ienHW ny Aijhw krnoN vrijAw[ pr jdoN rwjw ibkrm isµG qy Kym isµG bydI DVy ny suDwrk DVy dI hr g`l dI mu^wl&q SurU kr idqI qW aunHW ny lwhOr ivc vKrw „Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr‟ bxw ilAw[

BwvyN bhuq swry isrkrdw is`K ienHW nwl sbMDq ho cuky sn pr jvwhr isMG kpUr, fw. jY isMG, imhr isMG cwvlw, v`KirAW Awpxy qOr ‟qy vI, in`gr rol Adw kr rhy sn[ pYsy vwsqy rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot, kMvr ibkrm isMG kpUrQlw (audoN vwsI jlMDr) Aqy kuJ hor is`K ih`sw pwauNdy rihMdy sn[ pr ies mwhOl ivc Kym isMG bydI sB qoN vD injI &wiedw auTwaux dI koiSS krdw rihMdw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dy Coty puqr lKmI dws dy ^wndwn ivcoN hox kr ky auh nwjwiez qOr

‟qy Awpxw snmwn mMgdw sI[ jdoN kuJ Boly lokW ny aus ƒ mwx-ie`zq dyxw SurU kr id`qw qW auh hor cWbHl igAw Aqy aus ny nIm-gurU vWg pyS Awauxw SurU kr id`qw[ hor qW hor auh dIvwn ivc hI nhIN gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI ivc vI gdyly ivCw ky Awsx bxw ky, g`dI ‟qy bYTx lg ipAw[ isMG sBw lihr qW sgoN Drm ivc suDwr vwsqy bxI sI qy Kym isMG dI ieh kwrvweI lihr dy inSwny dy mu`FoN hI ault sI[ kuJ is`K AwgU ies ‟qy bVy ^&w sn[ pihloN-pihl qW kuJ icr cup vrqI rhI, iPr hOlI-hOlI g`l clx lg peI qy A^Ir ieh iek v`fw mslw bx geI[

Kym isMG ny qW pRo. gurmuK isMG Aqy ig. idq isMG vloN CUq-Cwq, is`KI ivc Aw vVIAW ihMdU rIqIAW, is`K-GrW ivc „TwkrW dI pUjw dy ivroD dw vI ivroD‟ SurU kr idqw aus ny hOlI-hOlI keI pujwrI vI Awpxy nwl rlw ley[ keI inrmly qy audwsI swD, jo mnoN ihMdU sn, vI aus dy ihmwieqI bx gey[ AwrIAw smwj nwl nyVqw rKx vwly Aijhy lok Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr ivc vDyry sn; ies kr ky ies dIvwn ivc ienHW dw bolbwlw sI[ &rIdkot irAwsq dy rwjy ibkrmw isMG ƒ vI Kym isMG bydI vWg dIvwn ivc spYSl g`dy Aqy glIcy bYTx vwsqy imldy sI; auh vI ies kr ky Kym isMG dw ihmwieqI sI[ Kym isMG bydI dw iek tihlUAw (syvwdwr) Avqwr isMG vhIrIAw sI[ aus dy nW hyT Kym isMG qy ibkrmw isMG rwjw dy h`k ivc ilKqW Cpx lg peIAW sn[ ieh nIm-ihMdU soc vwly lok qW “isMG sBw” ƒ “AKOqI sihjDwrI jW ihMdU sBw” ivc bdlx dI koiSS vI kr rhy sn[ iek vwr qW ies dw nW „isMG sBw‟ dI QW „is`K sBw‟ r`Kx vwsqy rwvlipMfI isMG sBw ny ilKqI suJwA vI pyS kIqw sI[

dUjy pwsy isAwsI p`K qoN vI vKryvyN pYdw ho gey sn[ poR. gurmuK isMG AMgryz srkwr dI mu^wl&q krn dy h`k ivc nhIN sI qy aus ny (mhwrwjw) dlIp isMG dy h`k ivc CpI ^urSId Kwlsw ikqwb dy lyKk inhwl isMG ƒ isMG sBw lwhOr coN k`F vI id`qw sI[ dIvwn bUtw isMG (rwxI ijMd kOr dy swbkw hmdrd) dw vI iehI hSr hoieAw, ikauN ik aus ny aurdU ikqwb ^urSId Kwlsw dw pMjwbI qrjmw Cwp ky vMifAw sI[ AMimRqsr grup BwvyN AMdroN-AMdrI srkwr-pRsq sI, pr aunHW ny ivroD krn dI soc nwl lwhOr grup dy i^lw& stYNf lY ky dlIp isMG (mhwrwjw) dI ihmwieq krnI SurU kr id`qI[ sMn 1887 dy SurU ivc Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr dI srprsqI hyT l`gI iek numwieS ivc dlIp isMG dI qsvIr lwey jwx nwl ies sbMDI AwpsI tkrwE hor vI vD igAw[

Bwvy Kym isMG bydI ƒ AMgryzI srkwr p`kw v&wdwr smJdI sI pr dlIp isMG dI qsvIr lwey jwx ny Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr ƒ srkwr dy Gr ivc bwZI bxw idqw[ srkwr ny AMimRqsr DVy ƒ is`KW dy numwieMidAW vjoN srkwrI bYTkW, kmytIAW Aqy AdwirAW ivc QW dyxI bMd kr idqI[

ienHIN idnIN hI drbwr swihb ivc ibjlI lwaux sbMDI do rwvW bx geIAW[ Kym isMG bydI DVw ibjlI dy h`k ivc sI[ rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot ny ies mksd vwsqy, rwxI ivktorIAw dI jublI dy nW qy 25 hzwr rupY dyx dw AYlwn vI kr id`qw[ dUjy pwsy, lwhOr DVy dy pRo. gurmuK isMG ies dy i^lw& sn[ ibjlI dI mu^wl&q krn kwrn AMimRqsr DVy ny pRo. gurmuK isMG Aqy ig. idq isMG dy i^lw& bVw pRcwr kIqw[ Kym isMG bydI qy pujwrI QW-QW jw ky pRo. gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& prcwr krn lg pey[ ienHW ny AMimRqsr Kwlsw dIvwn, rwvlipMfI isMG sBw Aqy &rIdkot dy rwjy ibkrmw isMG dy ihmwieqIAW ƒ vI nwl rlw ilAw[

ies mgroN ienHW ny pRo. gurmuK isMG au~qy bymwAnw “doS” lw ky pujwrIAW qoN aus dy i^lw& (AKOqI) hukmnwmw jwrI krvw id`qw[ pr, ies qoN kuJ smW bwd hI iek-iek kr ky isMG sBw lihr dy swry moFI AwgU cVHweI krn lg pey[ sB qoN pihlW, 8 meI 1887 dy idn kMvr ibkrm isMG kpUrQlw (jlMDr), iPr 18 sqbMr 1887 ƒ Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw (jo audoN jlwvqn ho ky pWfIcrI ivc rihMdy sn), 10 jUn 1896 ƒ Aqr isMG BdOV, 8 Agsq 1898 nUM rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot, 9 jUn 1898 ƒ fw: jY isMG, 24 sqMbr 1898 ƒ pRo: gurmuK isMG qy 6 sqMbr 1901 ƒ ig: idq isMG ies &wnI dunIAW ƒ Alivdw kih gey[ ies nwl isMG sBw lihr dw pihlw pVwA ^qm ho igAw[ ies mgroN 30 AkqUbr 1902 dy idn, cI& Kwlsw dIvwn kwiem kr idqw igAw[ ies vyly qk Kym isMG bydI iek qW bhuq bdnwm ho cukw sI qy dUjw aumr Aqy ishq kr ky vI srgrm nhIN sI irhw[ ies qrHW aus dw Aw^rI smW qkrIbn guMmnwmI ivc hI bIiqAw.

Kym isMG bydI

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Kym kuier/kOr

mwqw Kym kOr (mwqw hrI) BweI pRym cµd is`lI, krqwrpur invwsI dI pu`qrI sI[ aus dw ivAwh sUrj ml (pu`qr gurU hirgoibµd swihb) dy nwl hoieAw sI[ aus ny do pu`qrW dIp cµd qy nµd cµd ƒ jnm idqw sI[

mwqw Kym kOr ijAwdw kIrqpur ivKy rhI[ auh gurU qyg bhwdr swihb jI dy nwl rwxI cµpw kol do vwrI iblwspur vI geI sI[ iblwspur dw rwjw dIp cMd, jo 26 AprYl 1665 dy idn cVweI kr igAw sI, dI AMqm rsm bwrHW meI dy idn rKI geI sI[ ies mOky ’qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb iblwspur gey sn; mwqw nwnkI, mwqw sul`KxI, mwqw hrI, dIvwn drgh m`l, BweI idAwl dws qy keI hor is`K aunHW dy nwl iblwspur gey sn[

ies sbMDI B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ iliKAw imldw hY: gurU qyg bhwdr swihb mhl nwvyN, kIrqpur sy iblwspur Awey, rwjw dIp cMd kI sqwrmIN qy, swl sqrW sY bweIs, jyT privSty pMdrW ko[ swQ dIp cMd, nMd cMd Awey byty sUrj m`l ky, mwqw hrI jI iesqrI sUrj m`l kI, mwqw sulKxI jI iesqrI gurU hir rwie mhl sqvyN jI kI, dIvwn drgh m`l iCbr, jyTw, idAwl dws byty mweI dws ky, drIAw bytw mUly kw, jlhwnw, swQ Awey[ (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw jlhwinEN kw[

ienHW dy dovyN pu`qr iqAwr-br iqAwr syvk rhy[ jIvn dy Aµqly swhW qk gurU jI dw swQ idqw[Kym kOr dw Aµqm smW kIrqpur ivKy AwieAw[ gurU goibµd isµG jI ny Awpxy h`QIN AwpxI qweI dw sskwr kIqw qy dIp cµd soFI ƒ dsqwr bMnHweI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Kym kOr rwxI

rwxI Kym kOr srdwr joD isµG BµgI dI pu`qrI sI[ ies dw ivAwh KVk isµG pu`qr mhwrwjw rxjIq isµG nwl hoieAw[ nvµbr 1840 ƒ mhwrwjw KVk isµG dI mOq ho geI qy auh ivDvw ho geI[ AMgryzW qy is`KW dIAW lVweIAW ivc ies ny AµdrKwqy is`K POjW dI mdd kIqI[ ies ‘jurm’ bdly AµgryzW ny ies kol jo vI koeI cIz gihxw, ruipAw jW zmIn sI, sB kuJ zbq kr ilAw[ aus ny Aw^rI idn bhuq AOiKAweI ivc k`ty sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

^zwn isMG cmkOr

BweI ^zwn isMG gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy nzdIkI isMGW ivcoN iek sI[ auh gurU swihb dI &Oj dw iek pRmu`K ispwhI sI[ aus ny AwpxI aumr dw kw&I ih`sw AnMdpur swihb ivc ibqwieAw sI[ auh Aksr gurU swihb dy nwl irhw krdw sI[ aus dw gurU swihb nwl in`Gw ipAwr sI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU swihb ny AnMdpur C`ifAw qW auh aunHW 40 isMGW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW gurU swihb dy nwl jIx-mrn dw pRx kIqw sI[ gurU swihb ienHW 40 mukiqAW qy bwkI vhIr dy nwl AnMdpur swihb qoN cl ky v`K-v`K pVwvW ’coN huMdy hoey 7 dsMbr dI svyr ƒ cmkOr ivc pu`j gey sn[ cmkOr pu`j ky gurU swihb dy do v`fy swihbzwdy, pMj ipAwry Aqy 45 isMG BweI buDI cMd rwvq dI gVHI ’c Awrwm krn l`g pey[ dupihr mgroN ies gVHI ƒ musilm &OjW ny Gyr ilAw[ CyqI hI is`KW Aqy hmlwvr &OjW ivc lVweI SurU ho geI[ gVHI ivcoN do-do cwr-cwr is`K inkl ky muZl &OjW nwl lVdy rhy[ hornW dy nwl-nwl BweI ^zwn isMG ies mOky ’qy f`t ky liVAw Aqy ShId hoo igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

KVk isMG bwbw

bwbw KVk isMG (6 jUn 1868 – 6 AkqUbr 1963), pu`qr BweI hrI isMG, dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy Sihr isAwlkot ivc hoieAw sI[ KVk isMG dw ipqw iek Tykydwr Aqy snAqkwr sI qy aus nUM iek reIs vjoN jwixAw jWdw sI[ skUl dI pVHweI krn mgroN auh kwlj ivc dwi^l ho igAw Aqy lwhOr qoN bI.ey. pws kIqI[ ies mgroN aus ny Alwhwbwd ivc vkwlq pws krn vwsqy dwi^lw ilAw pr ipqw dI moq kwrn aus nUM pVHweI iv`cy C`fxI peI[ isAwlkot Awaux mgroN aus nUM imaUNspl kmytI dw sYktrI lw id`qw igAw[ aus ny keI swl ies Ahudy ’qy kMm kIqw[ ies mgroN auh isMG sBw isAwlkot Aqy ie`QoN dy Kwlsw hweI skUl dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[sMn 1912 ivc jd isAwlkot ivc is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs kIqI geI qW aus nUM svwgqI kmytI dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ sMn 1915 ivc aus nUM is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs qrnqwrn dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ AkqUbr 1920 ivc aus nUM is`K lIg (jo sMn 1919 ivc bxI sI) dw pRDwn cux ilAw igAw[ 15 nvMbr 1920 dy idn SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI kwiem hoeI qW aus nUM ies dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 28 Agsq 1912 dy idn auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI nvMbr 1921 ivc ‘cwbIAW dw morcw’ dOrwn hoeI sI[ auh do mhIny jylH ivc irhw sI[ 4 ApRYl 1922 dy idn aus nUM muV igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ aus ny 6 jUn 1927 qk dw smW v`K-v`K jylHW ivc ibqwieAw[ jylH ivc aus nUM p`g bMnHx dI iezwjq nw id`qI geI qW aus ny ros vjoN kpVy iqAwg id`qy; Aqy auh pMj swl qoN vD smW isr& kCihry nwl jylH ivc irhwA qy iesy rUp ivc hI irhwA vI hoieAw[ (KVk isMG ny AwpxI izMdgI dy qkrIbn 10 swl jylHW ivc ibqwey sn)[ sMn 1928 ivc aus ny ‘nihrU irport’ ivc is`KW nwl ivqkrw krn dI BrpUr mu^lw&q kIqI[ 29 qoN 31 dsMbr 1929 nUM kWgrs pwrtI ny lwhOr ivc swlwnw sYSn kIqw[ies mOky’qy AkwlI dl ny vI AwpxI kwn&rMs rK id`qI[ AkwlI kwn&rMs ivc ‘Awl ieMfIAw’ kWgrs kwn&rMs qoN keI guxw vD iek`T sI[ ies nUM vyK ky moqI lwl nihrU qy hor AwgU KVk isMG kol Awey Aqy nihrU irport sbMDI ZlqI mMnI qy is`KW nUM iensw& dyx dw vwAdw kIqw[

KVk isMG bhuq AVb suBwau dw sI; ies kr ky jQybMdI ivc Aqy dUjIAW jQybMdIAW dy AwgUAW ivc aus sbMDI rwey bdl rhI sI; ies hwlq ivc sMn 1931 ivc aus dI QW ’qy mwstr qwrw isMG nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI Aqy AkwlI dl dw pRDwn bxwieAw igAw[ ies mgroN KVk isMG nwrwz ho ky ies pwsy ijhw ho igAw[sMn 1939 ivc aus ny Awpxw nvW dl ‘sYNtrl AkwlI dl’ bxw ilAw pr lokW ny aus nUM AwgU vjoN kbUl nw kIqw[ ies mgroN auh kWgrs dy nyVy ho igAw Aqy pMQk ipV qoN hOlI-hOlI dUr ho ky gumnwm S^sIAq bx igAw[ ijs nUM kdy kOm dw byqwj bwdSwh ikhw jWdw sI qkrIbn gumnwmI ivc hI ies dunIAw qoN tur igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

KVg isMG mhwrwjw

KVg isMG (9 &rvrI 1801 – 4 nvMbr 1840) mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw sB qoN v`fw pu`qr sI[ aus dI SwdI cMd kOr (puqrI jYml isMG kn`eIAw imsl) nwl hoeI sI[ aus ny nOinhwl isMG nUM jnm id`qw[ rxjIq isMG ny KVg isMG nUM rwj drbwr dy kMmW ivc koeI izMmydwrI nhIN sONpI, ies kr ky auh ies p`K qoN iblkul Axjwx hI irhw (swrI qwkq brylI dy imSrw Aqy jMmU dy fogirAW dy h`QW ivc sI)[ rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM kuJ &OjI muihMmW ‟qy zrUr ByijAw sI (^ws kr ky sMn 1818 ivc mulqwn qy sMn 1819 ivc kSmIr dI muihMm ‟qy)[

27 jUn 1839 dy idn mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq ho geI qW aus nUM lwhOr dy q^q ‟qy ibTwieAw igAw[ rxjIq isMG ny AwpxI hkUmq dI bhuqI qwkq iDAwn isMh fogrw qy aus dy pu`qr hIrw isMh Aqy iDAwn isMh dy BrwvW (gulwb isMh qy sucyq isMh) vZYrw ƒ sONpI hoeI sI[ iDAwn isMh pRweIm minstr sI[ KVg isMG fogirAW dIAW swzSI kwrvweIAW qoN duKI sI[ aus dw sB qoN v`fw slwhwkwr cyq isMG bwjvw sI[ fogry smJdy sn ik cyq isMG ƒ rwh ivcoN htwaux nwl hI auh swrI qwkq Awpxy h`Q ivc r`K skdy sn[ ies kr ky aunHW ny cyq isMG dy i^lw& iek swizS GVI[ aunHW ny cyq isMG v`loN AMgryzW ƒ ilKIAW nklI ic`TIAW iqAwr kIqIAW Aqy aus ƒ “Zdwr” AYlwn krvwaux vwsqy, ienHW ^qW ƒ Awpy bxweI iek “kONsl” kol pyS kIqw[ ies 11 mYNbrI kONsl ivc iqMn fogry (iDAwn isMh, kysrI isMh qy hIrw isMh), cwr sMDwvwlIey (Aqr isMG, ikhr isMG, lihxw isMG, Syr isMG), imsr lwl isMh bRwhmx, AlYZzYNdr gwrfnr qoN ielwvw rwxI cMd kOr (mhwrwxI) Aqy kMvr nOinhwl isMG Swiml sn[ ies kONsl dI swzSI mIitMg ivc fogirAW ny mqw pws krvwieAw ik cyq isMG ƒ (jwAlI) ic`TIAW ilKx bdly szwey-mOq idqI jwvy qy KVg isMG ƒ htw ky qwkq kMvr nOinhwl isMG ƒ sONp idqI jwvy[

9 AkqUbr 1839 nUM iDAwn isMh fogrw dI AgvweI hyT ies “kONsl” dy kuJ mYNbr KVg isMG dy kmry ivc dwi^l hoey[ aunHW ny cyq isMG bwjvw ƒ l`B ky KVg isMG dy swhmxy kql kr id`qw[ kinMMGm muqibk KVg isMG ro-ro ky qy cI^-cI^ ky rokdw irhw pr iDAwn isMh ny Awpxy h`QIN cyq isMG ƒ kql kr idqw[ (ie`QoN pqw lgdw hY ik KVg isMG ikho-ijhw kmzor-idl qy byjwn rwjw sI jo Awpxy slwhkwr qy dosq nUM vI bcwA nw sikAw qy aus dy kql smyN isr& roNdw irhw sI)[ aunHW ny KVg isMG ƒ vI aus dI irhwieS ivc hI nzrbMd kr idqw qy nOinhwl isMG ƒ g`dI ‟qy ibTw idqw[ KVg isMG eynw duKI hoieAw ik aus ny keI idn Kwxw vI nw KwDw[ nzrbMdI ivc hI fogirAW ny aus ƒ zihrIlI Kurwk dyxI SurU kr idqI[

hux kMvr nOinhwl isMG ƒ vI fogirAW dIAW cwlW smJ Awaux l`g peIAW sn[ aus ny iDAwn isMh dy nwl-nwl &kIr AzIz-aud-dIn, do bRwhmxW (jmWdr KuShwl isMh qy BeIAw rwm isMh) qoN ielwvw lihxw isMG mjITIAw Aqy AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw ƒ vI inzwm ivc BweIvwl bxw idqw sI[ ieM\ fogry pUrI hkUmq ‟qy kwbz nw ho sky[ ieh g`l iDAwn isMh ƒ mnzUr nhIN sI[ ies kr ky aus ny nOinhwl isMG ƒ vI ^qm krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ auDr zihrIlI Kurwk kwrn 4-5 nvMbr dI rwq ƒ KVg isMG dI mOq ho geI[ aus dw sskwr 5 nvMbr 1840 dy idn gurduAwrw fyhrw swihb Aqy SwhI msijd dy ivckwr (smwD rxjIq isMG dy nyVy) kIqw igAw[ ies mOky ‟qy KVg isMG dIAW dovyN ihMdU-rwjpUq rwxIAW Aqy tihlxW ƒ vI zbrdsqI sqI kIqw igAw[

jd swry jxy KVg isMG dw sskwr kr ky vwips iklHy nUM jw rhy sn qW, pihloN GVI swizS muqwibk, iDAwn isMh fogrw ny rOSnI gyt dw C`jw sutvw ky nOinhwl isMG ƒ mwrn dI koiSS kIqI[ ies vyly nOinhwl isMG ny gulwb isMh fogry dy pu`qr mIAW aUDm isMh dw h`Q PiVAw hoieAw sI[ gyt dw C`jw isr ‟qy if`gx nwl gulwb isMh fogry dw pu`qr mIAW aUDm isMh ausy vyly mr igAw pr nOinhwl isMG ƒ AYvyN QoVHIAW jhIAW JrItW hI AweIAW sn[ pr, pihlW qoN hI kIqI iqAwrI muqwibk, nOinhwl isMG ƒ iek dm jbrI iek pwlkI ivc pw ilAw igAw

(swizS muqwibk pwlkI vI pihloN hI au~Qy mOjUd sI) qy iDAwn isMh fogrw pwlkI lY ky bVI qyzI nwl iklHy vl clw igAw[ lihxw isMG mjIiTAw ny aus dy nwl jwx dI koiSS kIqI qW aus ƒ rok idqw igAw[ hor qW hor nOinhwl isMG dI mW rwxI cMd kOr ƒ vI aus dy nyVy jwx dI iejwzq nw idqI geI[ auh ivcwrI iklHy dw drvwzw KulHvwaux vwsqy ikMnw icr hI drvwzy ‟qy h`Q mwr-mwr ky ip`tdI rhI (fogirAW h`Q eynI qwkq sI ik mhwrwjy dI mW nUM vI iklHy ivc vVn vwsqy iejwzq nhIN sI)[ auDr iDAwn isMh ny isr ivc p`Qr mrvw-mrvw ky nOinhwl isMG ƒ ^qm krvw idqw[ (fw. hOinMmbrg, „QrtI &weIv iXArz ien eIst‟)[ hYnrI gwrfnr dsdw hY ik C`jw fygx qoN pihlW clwkI nwl aus nUM Awpxw &OjI dsqw ilAwaux vwsqy au~QoN Byj id`qw[ auh dsdw hY ik nOinhwl isMG bwry rwz KuLHx dy fr qoN pwlkI iljwx vwilAW ivcoN do nUM kql kr id`qw igAw qy do AMgryzI ielwky nUM dOV gey[ (AlYZjYNdr gwrfnr, „mYmoierz‟)[

aus dI mOq dI ^br qIjy idn k`FI geI[ ies dy nwl hI iDAwn isMG ny Syr isMG ƒ mukyrIAW qoN bulvw ilAw qW jo aus ƒ g`dI ‟qy ibTw idqw jwvy[ nOinhwl isMG dw sskwr 8 nvMbr ƒ kIqw igAw[ aus dy nwl aus dIAW do rwxIAW (ihMdU-rwjpUq ktocx qy pDOVx) qy cwr golIAW sqI kIqIAW (ijaUNdIAW zbrdsqI swV idqIAW) geIAW[ (ieM\ isr& swFy 16 mhIinAW ivc rxjIq isMG dy do vwirs rwjy ^qm kr id`qy gey sn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

KVg isMG kwrsyvwvwlw

BweI KVg isMG (14 meI 1895 – 29 meI 1986) dw jnm BweI pwlw isMG dy Gr lwhOr izlHw dy ipMf brkI ivc hoieAw sI (aus dw nW ‘k’ A`Kr nwl KVk isMG iliKAw vI imldw hY) [jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw pr QoVHy icr mgroN hI nOkrI C`f id`qI sI[ Gr Awaux mgroN auh inDwn isMG dy j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw[ aus ny sMn 1924 ivc jYqo morcy ivc 21 mhIny jylH vI k`tI sI[ ies mgroN aus ny gurduAwirAW dI ‘kwr syvw’ dw kMm SurU kr lAw[ aus ny fyrw swihb lwhOr dI kwr syvw ivc ih`sw ilAw[ ies mgroN lok aus nUM bIV bwbw bu`Fw lY gey ij`Qy aus ny bhuq swrw kMm kIqw qy au¤Qy iek v`fw gurduAwrw, do skUl qy iek kwlj bxwey[ aus ny drbwr swihb dy nvyN lMgr hwl dI syvw vI krvweI[ aus ny drbwr swihb dy AMimRqsr (srovr) vwsqy hMslI ilAwaux dw kMm vI nypry cwiVHAw qy goieMdvwl ivc iek pul vI bxvwieAw[ sMn 1986 ivc auh bImwr pY igAw qy cVHweI kr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

^wnU Curw

ipMf f`lw (izlHw kpUrQlw) dw rihx vwlw Curw goq dw BweI ^wnU gurU Amr dws swihb dy vyly dw iek pRmuK isK sI[ BweI gurdws ny aus dw izkr AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieMj kIqw hY: ‘KwnU Curw qwrU qry, vygw pwsI krnI swrI’ (vwr 11, pauVI 16).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

^w&I ^wn

^w&I ^wn (Swied sMn 1663-sMn 1731) dw Asl nW muhMmd hwiSm sI[ ieh A&Zwinsqwn ivc ^Íw& ielwky dw rihx vwlw sI[ ies ny „muMqi^b-aul-lubwb‟ ikqwb ilKI sI ijhVI sMn 1731 ivc iqAwr hoeI sI[ (ies ikqwb bdly muZl bwdSwh muhMmd Swh rMgIlw ny ies nUM eInwm vI idqw sI Aqy „^w&I ^wn‟ dw i^qwb vI id`qw sI)[

ies ivc ^w&I ^wn ny bwbr qoN bMdw isMG qk dy smyN dI (sMn 1530 qoN sMn 1730 qk dI) qvwrI^ id`qI hY[ aus dI ilKq ivc qwrI^W dw vyrvw jW qrqIb shI nhIN imldI; keI kuJ AgV-ip`CV hY[ ^w&I ^wn is`KW nwl ^wr KWdw sI; ies kr ky aus dI pySkwrI p`KpwqI hY; pr ies dy bwvjUd aus ny kuJ bhuq kImqI smgrI ies ivc pyS kIqI hY[

sMn 1716 ivc PVy gey is`KW dy j`Qy ivc Swiml kIqy gey iek nOjvwn dy sbMD ivc (iek mW, ijs ny JUT bol ky Awpxy ies pu`qr dI irhweI krvwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI qy b`cy ny ikhw sI “myrI mW JUT boldI hY[ mYN idloN, rUh qoN, gurU dw is`K hW[ mYƒ CyqI myry ShId swQIAW kol Byjo (ShId kr idE)” dw q&sIl nwl izkr aus ny hI kIqw hY[

bMdw isMG bhwdr qy SwhI &OjW dy muKI muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI AwpsI g`lbwq vI ies ny id`qI hY, ies glbwq ivc bMdw isMG ny ikhw sI ik “jd pwp qy bymuKqw vD jWdI hY qW r`b myry vrgy bMdy ƒ ies pwp ƒ ^qm krn vwsqy Byj dyNdw hY ”; lVweI dOrwn is`KW v`loN gjwey jWdy „&qih drSn‟ jYkwry dw izkr vI iesy ny hI sw& l&zW ivc kIqw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gRMQ (gurU gRMQ swihb)

gurU gRMQ swihb is`KW dw Dwrimk gRMQ hY[ ies ivc gurU swihb, BgqW, sU&IAW, B`t kvIAW Aqy iqMn is`KW dI bwxI hY[ ies gRMQ dw pihlw srUp gurU Arjn swihb ny sMpwidq kIqw sI Aqy BweI gurdws ny Awpxy h`QIN iliKAw sI[ ieh srUp 31 julweI 1604 ƒ AMimRqsr ivc mukMml hoieAw sI Aqy ies dw pihlw pRkwS 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn drbwr swihb ivc kIqw igAw[ ieh pihlw srUp sMn 1757 qk krqwrpur ivc sMBwl ky r`iKAw hoieAw sI[ aus swl A&ZwnW v`loN krqwrpur ‘qy kIqy gey hmly dOrwn ieh srUp sV igAw sI[ aus vyly qk ies gRMQ dy AnykW auqwry ho c`uky sn[ gurU gRMQ swihb nUM Aw^rI rUp gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny id`qw sI (jdoN aunHW ny ies ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI bwxI Swiml kIqI sI) qy ieh srUp BweI mnI isMG ny sMn 1678 ivc, dmdmw swihb (AnMdpur swihb) ivc iqAwr kIqw sI, ijs kr ky ies ƒ ‘dmdmI bIV’ vI ikhw jWdw hY[ ies mgroN ies Aw^rI srUp dy keI auqwry kIqy gey sn[ iek crcw muqwibk ies dy cwr auqwry bwbw dIp isMG ny kIqy sn (BwvyN koeI qvwrI^I somw ies dI qweId nhIN krdw)[ 6 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn ies ƒ sdIvI gurU vjoN gurg`dI id`qI geI sI[

gurU gRMQ swihb, r`b dI is&q dIAW bwxIAW dw gRMQ hY[ ies ivc Cy gurU swihb, 15 BgqW Aqy sUPIAW, 11 B`tW Aqy 3 is`KW dIAW ilKIAW rcnwvW hn, ijnHW dy SbdW dI igxqI ieM\ hY: (gurU swihbwn:) gurU nwnk swihb 977, gurU AMgd swihb 63, gurU Amrdws swihb 907 gurU rwmdws swihb 679, gurU Arjn swihb 2218, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb 116; (Bgq qy sU&I:) kbIr 467, &rId 134, nwmdyv 61, rvIdws 40, iqRlocn 4, DMnw 3, byxI, jYdyv 2, BIKn 2, sUrdws 1 (iek quk), sYx 1, pIpw 1, sdnw 1, rwmwnMd 1, prmwnMd 1; (guris`K:) s`qw Aqy blvMf (315), suMdr 6[ ies qoN ielwvw 11 B`tW dy 123 slok gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hn, jo hyT ilKI igxqI ivc hn: k`lH/klshwr (54), nlH (16), mQurw (14), gXMd (13), kIrq (8), jwlp (5), slH (3) iBKw (2) blH hirbMs (2) B`lH (1)[ kuJ ilKwrI smJdy hn ik iqMn slok BweI mrdwnw dy ilKy hoey hn pr Asl ivc ieh slok gurU nwnk swihb ny BweI mrdwny ƒ mu^wiqb kr ky khy hn (ijvyN kuJ SbdW ivc ‘kbIrw’, Xwin hy! kbIr, vI AwieAw hY)[

Bgq kvIAW dy kuJ kdrdwn BgqW ƒ vI gurU smJdy hn ikauNik auh ieh dlIl idMdy hn ik ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hY auh vI gurU hI hY[ jy kr AsI ies dlIl ƒ mMnIey qW s`qw Aqy blvMq FwfI, gurU Amrdws swihb dy poqy suMdr Aqy B`t kvI vI iPr gurU khy jwxgy, jo ik shI nhIN hY[ gurU swihb ny Awp hI Bgq kvIAW vwsqy l&z ‘Bgq’ Aqy aunHW dI bwxI vwsqy l&z ‘Bgq bwxI’ vriqAw hY[ gurU l&z isr& ds gurU swihbwnW Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb vwsqy hI vriqAw jw skdw hY ikauNik aunHW nUM gurg`dI hwisl hoeI sI[

gurU gRMQ swihb dy 1429 si&AW ivc 5867 Sbd hn (gurU gRMQ swihb ivc gurU swihbwn qy dUjy rcnhwrW dy SbdW dI igxqI v`K-v`K lyKkW ny v`K-v`K id`qI hY)[

kvI Awlm dI ilKI hoeI rcnw ‘rwgmwlw’ (jo kw&I mgroN Swiml kIqI geI sI) s&w nMbr 1429 qoN SurU ho ky 1430 qy ^qm huMdI hY[ rwgmwlw dw gurU gRMQ swihb jW is`K Drm nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ ies nUM gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Cwpxw ies gRMQ dI byAdbI hY[

gurU gRMQ sihb ivc pMjwbI, sDUkVI, isMDI, sihsikRq, ihMdI, ApBRMS, &wrsI, pRwikq Aqy mrwTI Awid zubwnW dI vrqoN kIqI geI hY[ gurU gMRQ swihb dI qkrIbn swrI bwxI v`Kry-v`Kry rwgW ivc gweI jwx vwsqy hY[ jpujI , B`tW dy sv`Xy Aqy kuJ hor bwxIAW qoN ibnW, swry hI Sbd 31 rwgW ivc pyS kIqy gey hn[ ieh rwg hyT ilKy hn: sRI, mwJ, gauVI, Awsw, gUjrI, dyv gMDwrI, ibhwgVw, vfhMs, sorT, DnwsrI jYqsrI, tofI, bYrwVI, iqlMg, sUhI, iblwvl, gONf, rwmklI, nt, mwlIgauVw, mwrU, quKwrI, kydwrw, BYrau, bsMq, swrMg, mlwrH, kwnVw, kilAwx, pRBwqI qy jYjwvMqI[ gurU gRMQ swihb is`K i&lws&I, ie^lwk, klcr, jIvn jwc dw gRMQ hY[ ies dy swry s&yy r`b dy ipAwr Aqy aus dI is&q-slwh nwl Bry hoey hn[ ieh kmwl dI g`l hY ik gurU swihb ny r`b dI is&q-slwh leI sYNkVy v`K-v`K l&z, AMdwz, qrIky, bxqr Aqy kwiv-rUp vrqy hn[ gurU gRMQ swihb dw mu`K Bwv hY: r`b dI mhwnqw, r`b nwl imlwp ikvyN krnw hY; cMgy ie^lwk qy hor ^UbIAW vwlw ienswn kOx hY qy ikvyN bixAw jw skdw hY; ienswn dI izMdgI dw mksd kI hY vZYrw[

is`K ie^lwk dy Atu`t AMg hn: ipAwr, scweI, inmrqw, sMqoK, syvw, mn dIAW ^wihSW au~qy kMtrol, AOrqW smyq swirAW dw Adb krnw, swry ienswnW leI qrs dI Bwvnw, swdw Aqy s`cw jIvn ijaUxw, r`b ivc pUrw XkIn, BweIcwrk sWJ, mn dI Su`Dqw vZYrw qy ieh swry gurU gRMQ swihb dy mu`K ivcwr vI hn[

gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS hryk gurduAwry vwsqy lwzmI hY[ is`K gurU gRMQ swihb ƒ ipAwr krdy hn pr ies dI pUjw nhIN krdy hn[ pUjw dw &sl&w gurU gRMQ swihb ivc kbUl nhIN hY, ies ƒ isr& krm kWf smiJAw igAw hY[ is`K gurU gRMQ swihb dI pUjw ikauN nhIN krdy? is`K leI gurU gMRQ swihb, ihMdUAW dw p`Qr dw dyvqw nhIN hY qy nw hI bweIbl jW kurwn dI qrHW ikqwb hY[ gurU gRMQ swihb ƒ ^ws Adb ies leI id`qw jWdw hY ikauNik ieh Sbd ƒ Awpxy ivc smweI bYTw hY[ ieh gurU swihbwn dI rUh hY (dyh nhIN, pMQ Kwlsw gurU dI dyh hY)[

sMn 1746 ivc, lKpq rwie (jo ik mugl srkwr dw iek ihMdU vzIr sI) ny is`KW qy aunHW nwl sbMDq hr g`l dw vjUd ^qm krn dy AYlwn nwl ‘gMRQ’ l&z dI vrqoN krn dI mnwhI kr id`qI ikauNik gRMQ qoN gurU gRMQ swihb Aqy gurU swihbwn dI Xwd AwauNdI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gu`jr, BweI

BweI gu`jr jo zwq dw luhwr sI, gurU AMgd sihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI, jo guris`KI jIvn dw aupdyS kirAw krdw sI[ BweI gurdws ny aus dw izkr AwpxIAW vwrW ivc kIqw hY: gujru jwiq luhwru hY, gur isKI gur isK suxwvY (vwr 11, pauVI 14).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gugw/ gu`gw

1. ies nUM gu`gw, gogw, jwhr pIr/vIr, gu`gw cOhwn vI kihMdy hn[ ies dy jnm bwry bhuq irvwieqW mShUr hn[ iek irvieq muqwibk ieh rwjw kMvrpwl (jo sMn 1173 ivc srsw dw rwjw sI) dI pqnI vwCl dI kuK qoN Efyro ipMf ivc jMimAw sI[ iek hor irvwieq muqwibk vwCl dy AOlwd nhIN huMdI sI[ gorK nwQ jogI ny vwCl nUM gu`gl id`qI sI, ijs qoN ies gu`gy dw jnm hoieAw sI[ qMdul ngrI dy rwjw isMDw isMh dI DI iSrIAwl nwl ies dw ivAwh hoieAw sI; pr koeI vI somw aus dy Gr koeI b`cw hox dw izkr nhIN krdw[ ies dI mOq qYhr ngr ivc hoeI sI[ muslmwnI hkUmq dOrwn ieh muslmwn bx igAw sI[ ies bwry mShUr sI ik ieh s`p dy k`ty jwx dw ielwj krn ivc mwihr hY, Xwin mWdrI hY[ lokW ivc ieh vI mShUr ho igAw ik ieh imQhwsk SySnwg dw Avqwr hY[ hux BwvyN s`p dy k`ty jwx dw ielwj ho jWdw hY, pr Ajy vI AnpVH lok ies dI mwVI (gu`gw mwVI) bxw ky ies dI dyvqy vWg pUjw krdy hn Aqy gu`gy dy im`Qy hoey jnm idn BwdoN vdI 9 (gu`gw nOmI) dy idn ies dI ^ws pUjw hoieAw krdI hY[brytw (mwnsw) cOhwn rwjpUqW dw ielwkw hY qy auh Awpxw ipCokV iesy gu`gw dw mMndy hn[ Cpwr mylw gu`gy vwsqy hI lgdw hY[ ies dI mwnqw gujrwq, rwijsQwn, auqrpRdyS, pMjwb, hirAwxw, ihmwcl, kSmIr ivc hI hY

2. s`p vwsqy vI gu`gw Sbd dI vrqoN huMdI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr

guAwl dws

BweI guAwl dws, pu`qr BweI Cu`ty m`l, poqrw BweI pYVw Aqy pVpoqw BweI gOqm ipMf kirAwlw (izlHw ijhlm, p`CmI pMjwb) dw rihx vwlw sI[ ieh pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN qoN hI is`KI nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ AkqUbr 1665 ivc jd gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb mwlvw qoN bWgr dyS dy dOry ’qy gey qW guAwl dws vI aunHW dy nwl sI[ jd gurU jI nUM Dmqwn qoN igR&qwr kr ky id`lI iljwieAw igAw qW auh vI nwl sI[ auh gurU jI dy nwl hI do mhIny 3 idn ihrwsq ivc irhw[ dsMbr ivc irhweI mgroN gurU jI Awswm, bMgwl, ibhwr Awid dy dOry ’qy cly gey qW auh vI gurU jI dy nwl irhw sI[ auh ptnw ivc bwl gurU goibMd isMG jI dI syvw ivc hwzr irhw sI qy sMn 1670 ivc aunHW dy nwl hI pMjwb nUM muiVAw sI[ jdoN Agsq 1670 ivc lKnOr ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dI dsqwrbMdI kIqI geI sI qW auh vI au~Qy hwzr sI[ jwpdw hY ik auh AxivAwihAw sI jW aus dw koeI bytw nhIN sI ikauN ik aus dy ^wndwn dy kursInwimAW ivc aus dI pIVHI cldI nhIN idKweI hoeI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

g&, jrnYl

jnrl vweIkwaUNt ihaU g& (3.11.1779 – 2.3.1869) dw jnm lY&tInYNt krnl jwrj g& dy Gr, vu`fston AwierlYNf ivc hoieAw sI[ 14 swl dI aumr ivc, 7 Agsq 1793 dy idn, aus nUM &Oj ivc kimSn imilAw[ aus ny 16 swl dI aumr ivc, sqMbr 1795 ivc, ‘kyp Aw& d gu`f hOp’ ’qy kbzw krn dI muihMm ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ ies mgroN aus nUM vYst ieMfIz dI iek muihMm ’qy ByijAw igAw[ au¤QoN muVn mgroN aus nUM pihlW kYptn qy iPr myjr bxw id`qw igAw[

sMn 1809 ivc auh spyn dI muihMMm ‘qy igAw[ aus ny &rWs nwl lVweIAW ivc vI bhuq ih`sw ilAw[sMn 1819 ivc auh jnrl Aqy sMn 1830 ivc myjr jnrl bx igAw[ sMn 1837 ivc aus nUM mdrws AwrmI dw ‘jnrl kmWifMg A&sr’ bxw id`qw igAw[sMn 1839 ivc aus ny cIn nwl A&Im dI jMg (EpIAm vwr) ivc AgvweI kIqI[sMn 1842 ivc nwnikMg dy smJOqy mgroN auh ieMfIAw vwips Aw igAw[sMn 1843 ivc auh pUrw jrnYl bx igAw[ iesy swl dy A^Ir ivc aus ny mrh`itAW nUM hrwieAw[

dsMbr 1845 ivc jnrl vweIkwaUNt ihaU g& ny is`KW dy i^lw& mudkI, &IrozSwh sBrwEN dIAW lVweIAW ivc brqwnvI &OjW dI AgvweI kIqI[sMn 1848 ivc cyilAWvwlw qy rwmngr dIAW lVweIAW ivc vI aus ny AgvweI kIqI sI[ ies mOky qy hoeI hwr kwrn aus dI bhuq Awlocxw hoeI qy aus dI QW ’qy cwrls nYpIAr nUM &Oj dI AgvweI sONpI geI[ pr aus dy Awaux qoN pihlW hI ies ny gujrwq dI lVweI ij`q leI qy Awpxw dbkw iPr kwiem kr ilAw[sMn 1862 ivc aus nUM &Ilf mwrSl dw drjw dy id`qw igAw[ sMn 1869 ivc, 90 swl dI aumr ivc, syNt hYlnz ivc aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

igAwn isMG rwVyvwlw

igAwn isMG rwVyvwlw (16.12.1901 – 31.12. 1979) dw jnm BweI rqn isMG dy Gr iMpf bVHI (izlHw luiDAwxw)ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw muFlw smW ipMf ivc hI bIiqAw; mgroN auh pitAwlw clw igAw ij`Qy aus ny sMn 1925 ivc mihMdrw kwlj qoN bI.ey. fI ifgrI hwisl kIqI[ ikauNik auh mhwrwjw BUipMdrw isMG dw swlw sI ies kr ky aus nUM ifgrI hwisl kridAW hI AisstYNt ifptI kimSnr dI nOkrI dy id`qI geI[ mgroN auh ifptI kimSnr vI bx igAw[sMn 1942 ivc aus nUM pitAwlw hweI kort dw j`j lw id`qw igAw[sMn 1947 ivc aus ny p`CmI pMjwb qoN aujV ky Awey mhwjrW (ri&aUjIAW) vwsqy bVI sMjIdgI nwl kMm kIqw[ 5 meI 1948 dy idn pitAwlw Aqy pMjwb dIAW hor irAwsqW nUM ie`kiTAW kr ky pYpsU sUbw bxw id`qw igAw qW 22 Agsq dy idn aus nUM kwiem mukwm cI& minstr bxwieAw igAw[ nvMbr 1949 ivc Bwrq srkwr ny pYpsU dw swrw kMtrol Awpxy h`QW ivc lY ilAw[sMn 1952 ivc igAwn isMG dI QW ’qy rGbIr isMG nUM cI& minstr bxw id`qw igAw[ iesy swl Awm coxW hoeIAW ijs ivc AkwlI dl sB qoN v`fI pwrtI bx ky auBirAw Aqy aunHW ny igAwn isMG rwVyvwlw nUM sWJy &rMt dI srkwr dw cI& minstr bxw id`qw[ ies dOrwn, mwrc 1953 dy idn iek Adwlq ny AYm. AYl.ey. vjoN aus dI cox r`d kr id`qI qy nihrU ny Agly idn hI aus dI srkwr qoV id`qI (hwlW ik aunHW kol bhusMmqI sI)[ 1955 ivc AkwlI dl nUM pMjwbI sUbw izMdwbwd kihx ’qy pwbMdI lwey jwx dy i^lw& morcw lwaux pY igAw[ jd mwstr qwrw isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qW aus nUM morcy dw ‘ifktytr’ bxw id`qw igAw[ ies dOrwn aus nUM vI igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qW aus dI pqnI mnmohn kOr vI kuJ idn vwsqy morcy dI ‘ifktytr’ bxI qy auh vI jylH geI[ hux aus ny mihsUs krnw SurU kr id`qw sI ik nihrU kdy vI ZYr kWgrsI srkwr nhIN bxn dyvygw qy kdy vI qwkq aus dy h`Q nhIN Aw skygI[ ies soc nwl sMn 1956 ivc aus ny AkwlI dl C`f id`qw Aqy kWgrs ivc Swiml ho igAw[sMn 1957 dIAW coxW ivx auh kWgrs pwrtI v`lN AYm.AYl.ey cuixAw igAw qy vzIr (cI& minstr nhIN) bx igAw[sMn 1967 ivc pMjwb ivc AkwlI dl dI kulISn srkwr bxI qW ies ny kWgrs C`f id`qI qy muV AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho igAw; pr hux AkwlIAW ivc aus dI dwl nw glI[ A^Ir auh nu`kry lg ky Gr bYT igAw Aqy keI swl dI bImwrI mgroN cVHweI kr igAw[ aus dI DI inrlyp kOr vI kuJ smW isAwsq KyfdI rhI; pr auh vI koeI v`fI qwkq hwisl nw kr skI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

igAwn isMG in`kwS

BweI igAwn isMG in`kwS (sMn 1883 – sMn 1953), pu`qr BweI qwbw isMG dw jnm AMimRqsr ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny CotI aumr ivc hI BweI inhwl isMG Aqy BweI jvwhr isMG (ijhVy drbwr swihb ivc in`kwSI dw kMm krdy sn) qoN isiKAw lYxI SurU kr id`qI[ aus ny is`K Drm Aqy &ls&y dIAW bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW vI pVHIAW[ ies mgroN aus ny ^ud vI in`kwSI dw kMm SurU kr id`qw[ aus ny drbwr swihb ivc 33 swl in`kwSI dI syvw inBweI sI[ auh is`K in`kwSI klw dw mwihr sI Aqy aus dI n`kwSI Aqy icqrkwrI ivc shI is`K siBAwcwr dI pySkwrI imldI hY[ aus dI klw dw iek nmUnw kYly&ornIAw (AmrIkw) dy Pok Awrt imaUzIAm ivc vI ipAw hoieAw hY[ iek ienswn vjoN vI auh bhuq inmr Aqy Blw S^s sI[ aus ny kuJ ikqwbW dI rcnw vI kIqI sI ijnHW ivc ‘in`kwSI drpx’, ‘in`kwSI Awrt isiKAw’, qwj-ey-zrgrI’ Awid vI Swiml hn[ BweI igAwn isMG dy iqMn byty sn ijnHW ivcoN iek (suMdr isMG) 13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc ShId ho igAw sI[ aus dw iek bytw jI.AYs. sohn isMG ^ud iek bVw v`fw klwkwr sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

igAwn isMG, igAwnI

igAwnI igAwn isMG (15.4.1822 – 24.9.1921), pu`qr BweI Bwg isMG dw jnm ipMf lONgovwl (izlHw sMgrUr) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh Ajy in`kw hI sI ik mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM pwT suxwaux dI nOkrI dy id`qI[ ie`Qy aus ny igAwnI rwm isMG qoN gurbwxI dI isiKAw vI lYxI SurU kr id`qI[ rwm isMG dI mOq mgroN auh ipMf prq AwieAw[ sMn 1841 ivc aus nUM pitAwlw dy rwjy ny nOkrI ’qy rK ilAw[ sMn 1845 ivc aus nUM &Oj ivc fwkIey dI izMmydwrI dy id`qI geI[ ies dorwn iek lVweI ivc aus dI l`q ’qy golI lg geI[ ies mgroN aus nUM nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw igAw[ hux aus vwsqy rozI dw mslw bx igAw Aqy iek vwr qW aus ny ^udkuSI krn dw ierwdw vI kr ilAw; pr jwnkI dws nW dy iek bMdy ny aus dw ierwdw bdl id`qw[ ies mgroN aus nUM pitAwlw irAwsq ivc gRMQI dI nOkrI iml geI[ pr auh bhuqI dyr ies syvw ’qy itk nw sikAw Aqy swDU bx igAw[ aus ny Agly keI swl bhuq swry gurduAwry Aqy ihMdUAW, jYnIAW qy boDIAW dy mMdr Awid dI Xwqrw kIqI[ auh nYpwl, iskm qy BUtwn ivc vI igAw[ ies dOrwn aus dw rwbqw qwrw isMG nroqm nwl ho igAw, jo aunHIN idnIN Awpxw gRMQ ‘gurU igrwrQ koS’ iqAwr kr irhw sI[ ies imlwp ivcoN aus dy mn ivc ilKwrI bxn dI ^wihS pYdw ho geI Aqy aus ny is`K qvwrI^ ilKxI SurU kr id`qI[ aus dI pihlI ikqwb pMQ pRkWs (sMn 1880) sI[ ies ikqwb dw muK ADwr rqn isMG BMgU dI ikqwb ‘pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS’ hY[ ies mgroN aus ny qvwrI^ gurU Kwlsw, SmSyr Kwlsw, rwj Kwlsw, gurDwm sMgRih, inrml pMQ pRdIkpkw, piqq pwvn, qvwrI^ AMimRqsr, qvwrI^ lwhOr, sUrj pRkwS vwrqk, ieiqhws irAwwsq bwgVIAW, BUipMdr nMd, irpdumn pRkwS, pMjwbI sIhr&I, nIqI pRkwS Awid ikqwbW dI rcnw vI kIqI[

igAwnI igAwn isMG muqwibk aus ny kuJ ikqwbW ilK ky aus dy KrVy BweI vIr isMG nuM id`qy sn, jo aus ny nw qW Cwpy Aqy nw hI vwips id`qy[ kuJ ivdvwn S`k krdy hn ik ijhVy lyKk Awpxy KrVy BweI vIr isMG nUM ingwh mwr ky ieslwh dyx vwsqy dy jwieAw krdy sn, BweI vIr isMG aunHW ivcoN sm`grI corI kr ky Awpxy nW hyTW Cwp lYNdw sI[

igAwnI igAwn isMG ny ieiqhws ivc bhuq swrIAW g`p khwxIAW Swiml kr ky ies dy ieiqhwsk p`K nUM burI qrHW ivgwiVAw[ dUjw, ikauNik auh inrmlw sI ies kr ky aus ny is`KI ivc ihMdU &ls&w imlw ky ies dw isDWqk p`K vI burI qrHW ^rwb kIqw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Gu`lw isMG

BweI Gu`lw isMG (1899- 21.2.1924), pu`qr BweI nwrwiex isMG ipMf BlUr (izlHw &rIdkot) dw vwsI sI[ jd jYqo morcw l`gw Aqy 9 &rvrI 1924 dy idn pihlw ShIdI j`Qw jYqo nUM igAw qW ieh aus ivc Swiml hoieAw[ jd j`Qw jYqo pu`jw qW ibRitS &OjW ny ies ’qy golIAW clw ky bhuq swry is`K ShId kr id`qy, ijnHW ivc ieh vI sI.

hor vyKo: jYqo morcw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Grbwrw isMG

BweI Grbwrw isMG ny 31 Agsq 1700 dy idn iklHw AgMmgVH dy bwhr ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[Grbwrw isMG BweI nwƒ isMG idlvwlI dw pu`qr, BweI bwGw dw poqw Aqy BweI aumYdw dw pVpoqw sI[ ieh pirvwr CyvyN pwiqSwh qoN hI pMQ nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik ieh pirvwr gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly is`K pMQ ivc Swiml hoieAw hovy[ BweI aumYdw dy ipqw BweI kilAwxw gurU swihbwn dy drbwrI is`KW ivcoN sn[ aunHW ny muh`lw idlvwlI ivc iek DrmSwlw kwiem kIqI hoeI sI[ ies QW ’qy isr& Awm is`K hI nhIN blik gurU swihbwn ^ud vI Aw ky TihirAw krdy sn [ gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kYd hox qoN pihloN, qy mgroN vI, gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies jgHw ’qy rih ky gey sn[sMn 1664 ivc, qy iPr sMn 1670 ivc vI, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI ies jgHw ’qy Aw ky rhy sn[ ieh ies ielwky dw sB qoN v`fw pMQk kyNdr sI[ BweI kilAwxw dw pirvwr CINbw (tWk-K`qrI) ibrwdrI nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ BweI kilAwxw dy do pu`qr sn: aumYdw qy jYdw[ A`goN aumYdw dy iqMn pu`qr sn: bwGw, eISr qy kIrq[ A`goN bwGw dy cwr pu`qr sn: gurb^S isMG, qulsI rwie, nwƒ rwm (nwnU isMG) qy BweI sYxw (isMG)[ ienHW ivcoN qulsI rwie gurU goibMd isMG swihb vyly id`lI dy ielwky dw msMd sI (auh sMn 1698 dI prK vyly s`cy-su`cy msMdW ivcoN iek swibq hoieAw sI)[ BweI bwGw dw cOQw pu`qr BweI sYxw hI Swied “gur soBw” dw lyKk sI[ BweI nwƒ isMG dy do pu`qr sn: Grbwrw isMG Aqy drbwrw isMG[ Agsq ivc iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj vloN (AnMdpur swihb ’qy cwr idnw hmilAW dy qIjy idn) 31 Agsq nUM, iklHw AgMmgVH ’qy kIqy hmly ivc, bhuq swry phwVI ispwhI qW mwry hI gey sn, pr ies mOky ’qy kuJ isMGW ny vI ShwdqW pweIAW sn[Grbwrw isMG ienHW ShIdW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhI qlauNFw ivc ieM\ imldw hY:“…Grbwrw isMG bytw nwƒ isMG kw, poqw bwGy kw… vwsI idlvwlI Awid is`KW swl sqrW sY sqvMjw Bwdv idhuM iek`qIs, SnIvwr ky idvs, gurU kw bcn pwie iklHw AgMmgVH, prgnw AgMmpuw ky mlhwn, prbqI rwjXoN ky gYl, fyF pihr Gor ju`D kr ky, swmHy mwQy jUJ kr suAws dIey”.

BweI nwnUM dw dUjw pu`qr drbwrw isMG bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ShIdI qoN mgroN mgroN is`K &OjW (Kwlsw dl) dw muKI bixAw sI[ aus ny sMn 1734 ivc cVHweI kIqI sI[ (nvwb) kpUr isMG drbwrw isMG kol hI Aw ky Kwlsw &Oj ivc Swiml hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Grbwrw isMG iKdrwxw

Jbwl (izlHw AMimRqsr) dw rihx vwlw BweI Grbwrw isMG mukqsr ivc 29 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ShId hox vwly cwlHI mukiqAW ivcoN iek sI, jo 28 dsMbr 1705 dy idn p`tI qoN gurU goibMd isMG jI dy drSn krn vwsqy mwlvy v`l gey sn[ Grbwrw isMG dy ipCokV bwry bhuqI q&sIl qW nhIN imldI hW eynw zrUr jwpdw hY ik auh jW qW Bwg isMG-idlbwg isMG JbwlIAW dw swQI jW koeI krIbI irSqydwr sI[ jdoN Bwg isMG ny qYS ivc Aw ky gurU swihb ƒ bydwvw ilK ky id`qw qW aus pMcwieqI bydwvy qy Grbwrw isMG ny vI dsq^q kIqy sn[ ienHW cOhW qoN ielwvw iksy hor ny dsq^q nhIN kIqy sI[

29 dsMbr dy idn iKdrwxy dI Fwb (mukqsr) ’qy ienHW cwlHI isMGW Aqy iekqwlIvIN mweI Bwg kOr dI srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn dIAW &OjW nwl hoeI lVweI ivc Grbwrw isMG ny vI f`t ky ih`sw ilAw Aqy bhuq swry ispwhIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw[ duSmxW dy AwhU lwhuMdw-lwhuMdw A^Ir Grbwrw isMG vI ShId ho igAw[ aus ƒ ieh Sr& vI hwisl hY ik aus dw sskwr gurU goibMd isMG jI ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw sI[

(vDyry q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: cwlHI mukqy.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ZnI ^wn/^W

ZnI ^wn Aqy aus dw Brw nbI ^wn (kotl inhMg ^wn dy) BweI inhMg Kwn dI BUAw aumrI dy pu`qr sn[ auh mlyrkotlw dI &Oj ivc ispwhI sn[ jdoN 7 dsMbr 1705 dI svyr vyyly gurU goibMd isMG cmkOr dI gVHI ivc pujy qW iksy muslmwn ny ropV Qwny jw ky ieqlwh dy id`qI[ aus vyly auQy mlyrkotlw dI &Oj dy 700 ispwhI pu`jy hoey sn (z&rnwmw dy lyKk ny ds l`K &Oj dI g`p ilKI hoeI hY)[ ropV dI cOkI dy muKI ny aunHW nUM ausy vyly cmkOr jw ky hmlw kr ky gurU jI Aqy is`KW nUM ^qm krn dyx dw hukm id`qw[ Swm qk ieh ispwhI cmkOr pu`j gey qy lVweI SurU ho geI[ hnyrw pYx qk dovyN v`fy swihbzwdy, pMj ivcoN iqMn ipAwry Aqy 38 hor is`K ShId ho cuky sn[ hux gVHI ivc dXw isMG, Drm isMG, mwn isMG, rwm isMG (pwilq zorwvr isMG, sMq isMG qy sMgq isMG hI rih gey sn[ hnyrw pYx mgroN pwilq zorwvwr isMG gVHI ivcoN iKsk igAw[ in`kw ijhw hox kr ky auh bc ky inkl igAw[

auDr ZnI ^wn Aqy nbI ^wn nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI dy gVHI ivc iGr gey hox dw pqw l`gw qW aunHW mihsUs kIqw ik svyry lVweI iPr SurU hox ‟qy gurU jI XkInn ShId ho jwxgy[ ies kr ky auh muZl &Oj dw bwxw lY ky Aw gey qy iek nyzy rwhIN gVHI ivc su`t id`qw[ auh bwxw pw ky gurU jI gVHI ivcoN inkl ky dohW BrwvW dy nwl cly geyy[^wn Brw gurU jI nUM Awpxy ipMf mwCIvwVw lY gey Aqy pMjwby msMd dy bwZ ivc ibTw ky gurU jI dy auQy rihx vwsqy mih&Uz jgHw dI cox kIqI[ aunHW ny gurU jI nUM BweI jIvn isMG dy cObwry ivc TihrwieAw Aqy nwl hI aunHW ny Ajnyr dy hwjI crwZ dIn nwl rwbqw kIqw[ hwjI crwg dIn mwCIvwVw Aw igAw qy nwl hI cwr hor murId vI lY AwieAw[ iqMn idn mgroN ieh pMjy jxy gurU jI nUM „auc dw pIr‟ dy Bys ivc mwCIvwVw qoN Ajnyr Aqy Agly idn mwlvw ielwky ivc lY gey[ jy ZnI ^wn Aqy nbI ^wn nw huMdy qW 8 dsMbr 1705 dI svyr vyly gurU jI cmkOr ivc ShId ho jwxy sI[ aunHW dI jwn ienHW dohW BrwvW ny hI bcweI sI[

gurU jI ny aunHW dohW nUM Awpxy “&rzMdy ^ws” (^ws pu`qr) hox dw hukmnwmw b^iSAw sI, jo aunHW Aqy aunHW dy vwirsW kol hmySw irhw[ is`K irAwsqW v`loN aunHW dy vwirsW nUM p`ky vzI&y l`gy hoey sn; Aqy hukmnwmy dy drSn krn AweI sMgq vI KulHy idn nwl aunHW nUM Bytw idAw krdI sI[ sMn 1947 ivc ieh pRvwr p`CmI pMjwb (pwiksqwn) clw igAw sI[ mwCIvwVw ivc dohW BrwvW dw Gr hux iek Xwdgwr ivc qbdIl ho cukw hY[ dohW BrwvW dIAW kbrW A`j vI mwCIvwVw ivc is`KW dI ih&wzq ivc mih&Uz hn (vyKo: dovyN qsvIrW):

nbI ^wn qy ZnI ^wn dw Gr jo hux gurduAwrw hY

 

nbI ^wn qy ZnI ^wn dIAW kbrW vwlI iemwrq:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

GneIAw isMG

BweI GneIAw isMG (1648- 20.9.1718) p`CmI pMjwb dy ksby soDrw (izlHw gujrWvwlw) dw rihx vwlw sI[ iek vwr auh BweI nnUAw dy nwl gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy c`k nwnkI (hux AnMdpur dw ih`sw) AwieAw qW auh eynw ^uS hoieAw ik auh bhuq swrw smW au~Qy hI ibqwaux lg ipAw[ aus ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI ASIrvwd nwl kwvHw (Atk ngr qoN qkrIbn 32 iklomItr dUr) iek Drmswlw dI nINh r`KI[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI mgroN vI auh AnMdpur swihb AwauNdw irhw[ auh syvw krn nUM Awpxw Drm smJdw sI[ auh gurU dy lMgr ivc Aqy ^ws kr ky grmIAW ivc sMgqW nUM p`Kw J`lx Aqy pwxI ipAwaux dI syvw kirAw krdw sI[ aus bwry iek khwxI mShUr hY ik auh is`KW Aqy muZlW dIAW lVweIAW dOrwn z^mI muZl &OjIAW nUM vI pwxI ipAwauNdw huMdw sI[ iek vwr iek is`K ny aus dI iSkwieq kIqI ik auh duSmx muslmwn &OjIAW nUM vI pwxI ipAwauNdw hY[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny aus nUM qlb kIqw qy ies dw jvwb mMigAw qW aus ny ikhw ik mYnUM qW hr z^mI r`b dI rcnw nzr AwauNdw hY[ kQw muqwibk gurU jI ny aus nUM mrhm dI f`bI dy ky khw ik jwh qUM z^mIAW dy &`tW ’qy mrhm vI lwieAw kr[ ieh kQw ieiqhwsk p`K qoN shI nhIN hY ikauNik AnMdpur swihb ivc is`KW Aqy muZlW dI kdy koeI lVweI nhIN hoeI sI; isr& iblwspur Aqy hMfUr dy phwVI rwjpUq rwijAW dIAW &OjW nwl hI lVweIAW hoeIAW sn[ pr ieh kQw ‘eyk ipqw eyks ky hm bwirk’ dw sMdyS dyx vwsqy bxweI geI sI[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ny BweI GneIAw isMG nUM p`CmI pMjwb ivc is`KI dy pRcwr dI syvw sONpI hoeI sI[ aus dI mOq soDrw ngr ivc hoeI sI[

{not: aus dw nW GneIAw isMG ies kr ky vI mShUr sI ikauNik auh pwxI ipAwaux dI syvw kirAw krdw sI qy lok aus nUM ‘Gn’ (b`dl) nwl aupmw idAw krdy sn, Xwin ijvyN b`dl pwxI ilAwauNdw hY auvyN hI GneIAw isMG vI pwxI dI syvw krdw hY}[

GneIAw isMG dy muK swQI sn: sihj rwm qy rwxw rwm[ mgroN aus dw iek cylw A`fx Swh (1688-26.4.1757) vDyry mShUr ho igAw qy A`goN aus dy cyly A`fxSwhIey vjoN mShUr ho gey. vyKo: A`fx Swh.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Gn isMG

BweI Gn isMG &wizlkw (pihlW izlHw &Irozpur, hux izlHw &wizlkw) dw vwsI sI[ aus ny AnMdpur swihb jw ky KMfy dI pwhul leI sI[ aus ny AnMdpur swihb dIAW keI lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI qy ^Ub bhwdrI idKweI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Zdr pwrtI/ Zdr lihr

Bwrq ivc AMgryzI hkUmq dy i^lw& hiQAwrbMd lihr clwaux vwsqy sMn 1913 ivc kwiem kIqI iek jQybMdI[ kuJ lyKkW v`loN BwvyN gdr lihr dw isrw sMn 1913-14 nwl joiVAw jWdw hY pr ies dIAW jµmx-pIVW icrokxIAW purwxIAW hn[ pMjwb ivc imslW vloN Kwlsw rwj kwiem kIqy jwx mgroN BwvyN A`DI sdI rxjIq isMG ny qy iPr AMgryzW ny pMjwb qy kbzw krI r`iKAw, pr is`K kOm dI AwpxI hkUmq kwiem krn dI Duµn auvyN hI kwiem rhI[ do vyly (G`ˆto-G`t do vyly) „rwj krygw Kwlsw‟ pVHn vwlI kOm “Aw^r q^q ‟qy bhygI Awp gurU dI &Oj” dw AYlwn-nwmw pUrw krn qoN kdy vI ip`Cy nhIN sI muVnI[ ies g`l bwry AMgryz hkUmq pUrI qrW cOks sI[

is`K kOm dy ies AYlwn-nwmy ƒ Bulwaux vwsqy AMgryzW ny pMjwb ivc is`KW ƒ &Oj ivc coKI qwdwd ivc BrqI kr ky im`Tw zihr ipAwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ dUjw, AMgryzW ny lwielpur Aqy imMtgumrI qy hor nihrI ielwikAW ivc zmInW dy ky, hrw ienklwb bIj ky qy qIjw, is`KW ivc jwgIrdwrI dI bcI-KucI pIVHI ƒ imlvrqxIey bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ BwvyN ieho ijhIAW swizSW AMgryzW ny GVIAW sn pr pMQ dI hkUmq krn dI Duµn hrigz m`Dm nhIN ho skI[

sMn 1857 dy Zdr dI golfn jublI ‟qy 10 meI 1907 ƒ lMfn dy kwkstn hwl ivc hoey iek smwgm ivc prdysI is`KW ny iek pYNPilt Cwp ky vµifAw[ ies dw hYifMg sI: „Kwlsw‟ qy ies ivc AwiKAw igAw sI ik „Kwlsw jI AMgryz ƒ Kwlsy dI srzmIN qoN k`Fx vwsqy j`dojihd leI iqAwr ho jwE[‟

ienHIN idnIN hI BweI qyjw isMG msqUAwxw ny vI AMgryzW ƒ is`K mulk ivcoN k`Fx vwsqy pRwpygµfw kr ky keI is`K j`dojihd vwsqy iqAwr kIqy[ ieh mwhOl, 50 swl pihlW Kusy rwj nUM muV hwisl krn dIAW ^wihSW dw Aihsws izMdw krn ivc mddgwr hoieAw pr ieh iksy v`fy AYkSn dw sbb nw bx sikAw[ auN\ ies nwl ieMglYNf, AmrIkw qy knyfw dy is`KW ivc AwzwdI dI soc ny Awpxw Asr zrUr idKwauxw SurU kr id`qw sI[

vIhvIN sdI dy pihly dhwky ivc AmrIkw ivc bYTy kuJ is`K mwlI p`KoN sOKy ho gey sn[ auh kuJ krnw locdy sn[ aunHW ny sMn 1906 ivc pMdrW hzwr fwlr ^rc ky vYnkUvr ivc iek gurduAwrw bxw ilAw sI[ ies mgroN is`KW ny pYsy iek`Ty kr ky FweI l`K rupY nwl gurU nwnk mweIinMg kMpnI bxw leI sI[ ies dy nwl hI pMJI hzwr fwlr dI rkm nwl eIgl hwrbr ivc 250 eykV zmIn ^rId leI qW jo gurU nwnk klonI bxweI jw sky[ ies vyly qkrIbn ds hzwr is`K knyfw ivc kMm kr rhy sn[ is`KW dI ies qr`kI „qy gory eIrKw krn lg pey[ aunHW ny qW iek vwr ieh vI plwn kIqw ik eySIAnW nUM knyfw qoN bwhr k`iFAw jwvy qy ies skIm hyT aunHW nUM hWfrs Byjx dI skIm bxweI[ pr jdoN is`K numieMidAW sqnwgr isMG qy Swm isMG ny hWfrs dw dOrw kr ky hwlwq vyKy qW is`KW ny au~Qy jwx qoN nWh kr id`qI[

sMn 1912 ivc ie`QoN dy is`KW ny pMjwb dy is`KW nUM ividAw dy nwl-nwl AwzwdI qy ZulwmI dw &rk idKwaux vwsqy iek pRwjYkt soicAw[ aunHW ny BweI jvwlw isMG T`TIAW, BweI sµqoK isMG, bwbw ivswKw isMG vZYrw dI AgvweI hyT 15 &rvrI 1912 dy idn stwktn ivc mIitMg kIqI qy ies jdojihd dy ih`sy vloN pMjwb ‟coN ku`J nOjvwnW ƒ AmrIkw ivc pVHweI krn vwsqy iqAwr krn leI Cy vzIPy jwrI krn leI &µf iek`Tw kIqw[ ies &µf ivc isrP is`KW ny hI ih`sw pwieAw Aqy kYnyfw qy AmrIkw ivc bYTy AmIr ihMdUAW ny kuJ vI dyxoN nWh kr id`qI[ pr jdoN vzIiPAW vwsqy dr^wsqW pu`jIAW qW swry dy swry ihMdU hI sn[

AmrIkw, kYnyfw, cIn, hWgkWg, isMgwpur vgYrw ivc bYTy mulk-drdI isMGW dI AzwdI dI qihrIk jdoN bulMdIAW vl vDx l`gI qW hridAwl vrigAW ny ies qihrIk dI “hweIjYikMg” krn dI swizS GVI[ ies swizS dw sB qoN pihlw ih`sw sI Boly Bwly is`KW ƒ pMjwb dI jgh ihMdUsqwn dI AwzwdI vwsqy aukswauxw[ ies soc nwl, hridAwl vrigAW ny, 31 mwrc 1913 ƒ, brweIfl vyl (Erygwn), AmrIkw ivc hoeI iek bYTk kr ky „ihMdI AYsosIeySn‟ bxw ky aus ivc cwr ku is`KW ƒ AhuidAW dI imSrI cKw id`qI[ pr ies dI Asl lIfriSp hridAwl kol hI rhI[ ies jmwq v`loN pihlI nvµbr 1913 ƒ „Zdr‟ nW dw prcw vI jwrI kr id`qw igAw[

CyqI hI ies dIAW brWcW SMGweI (suµdr isMG, fw: mQrw isMG, ivswKw isMG ddyhr qy s`jx isMG dI AgvweI hyT), hWgkWg (fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw dI AgvweI hyT qy bwAd ivc igAwnI Bgvwn isMG dI AgvweI hyT, qy mgroN BweI hrnwm isMG qy BweI ibSn isMG vI), i&lpweInz, isAwm (QweIlYNf), pnwmw Aqy hor keI mulkW ivc vI kwiem ho geIAW[ aupr ilKy AwgUAW qoN ielwvw sohx isMG Bknw, hrnwm isMG kwlw sµGw, hrnwm isMG tuµfIlwt, krqwr isMG ltwlw, inDwn isMG cu`Gw, jvwlw isMG T`TIAW, sµqoK isMG vZYrw vI ies qihrIk ivc Swiml sn[

Zdr dI plwinMg:
Zdr pwrtI ny plwinMg iqAwr kIqI ik AMgryzW ƒ pVwA-vwr ipCwV ky mulk Azwd krvwieAw jwey[ ies mksd vwsqy iek lMmI plwn iqAwr kIqI geI[ plwn muqwibk sB qoN pihlW AMgryzW qoN pMjwb ƒ Azwd krwieAw jwxw sI qy ieh swrw Gol hiQAwrbµd hoxw sI[ pMjwb qoN bwAd kSmIr qy iPr sYNtrl ieMfIAw vl kUc kIqw jwxw sI[ BwvyN ies plwinMg dw pUry dw pUrw KrVw qW nhIN imldw; pr AMgryzW dIAW ^u&IAW &weIlW ivc pey hoey iek ^q qoN ies dw iek ih`sw iml jWdw hY[ ieh ^q kYNtn (cIn) qoN fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw ny 17 nvµbr 1914 ƒ igAwnI Bgvwn isMG ƒ iliKAw sI, ijhVw hWgkWg ivc sYNsr ny puils dy hvwly  kr id`qw sI (nqIjy vjoN fw: Twkr isMG igR&qwr ho igAw Aqy 4 swl kYd irhw)[ ies ^q muqwibk jnvrI 1915 ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy jnm idn ‟qy pMjwb ivc swry pwsy hiQAwrbµd ZdrI Awpo AwpxIAW qihsIlW, QwixAW qy izilAW ivc AMgryzW ƒ kql kr ky ienklwbI syvwdwrW ƒ qwienwq kr dyxgy[ &Oj ivc pihloN hI iqAwrI ho cu`kI hovygI[ ies qrHW cu`pcwp pMjwb ‟qy kbzw ho jwvygw[ aus vyly AMgryzI &Oj jrmnI nwl jµg ivc ru`JI hox kr ky bhuqI ihljul nhIN kr skygI[ ieh swrI kwrvweI ieko idn ieko vyly swry pMjwb ivc SurU hoxI sI[ ^q muqwibk luiDAwxw izly dw cwrj fw. Twkr isMG iekolwhw ny ilAw hoieAw sI[ {sI.AweI.fI. dy fwierYktr dI vIklI irport 15-6-1915, hom pulItIkl &weIl nMbr 549-552, nYSnl AwrkweIz id`lI}[

ZdrI kwrvweIAW:
Zdr pwrtI ny Awpxw AYkSn Ajy 5-7 swl Tihr ky krnw sI pr brqwnIAw qy jrmnI ivc jµg 28 julweI 1914 ƒ SurU ho geI[ ies kr ky Zdr AwgUAW ny Awpxw AYkSn AYfvWs krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ swry ZdrI AwgU Awpo Awpxy ipMfW ƒ c`l pey[ Zdr AKbwr dy 4 Agsq 1914 dy prcy ivc ZdrI AwgUAW vloN Awpo-Awpxy ipMfW ivc phuµcx bwry ApIl CwpI geI sI[ Agsq ivc hI pwrtI dI pihlI tolI (krqwr isMG srwBw, hrnwm isMG tuµfIlwt vgYrw) pMjwb vwsqy cwly pw geI[ ies qoN ip`CoN v`fw jQw, ijs ivc 70 ZdrI sn, AYs.AYs. korIAw jhwz rwhIN, 29 Agsq ƒ swn&rWissko qoN cl ipAw[ ies qoN bwAd, qkrIbn 8 hzwr ZdrI vrkr, prdysW ivcoN pMjwb vl tury[ mu^brW ny ienHW dy c`lx bwry pihlW qoN hI irportW srkwr ƒ dy id`qIAW sn[ ies kr ky srkwr ny mulk ‟c dwi^l hox vwilAW ƒ ihrwsq ivc lYx vwsqy do AwrfInYNs jwrI kr id`qy gey sn[

AwrfInYNs hyT bwhroN Awaux vwly swry pMjwbIAW ƒ ihrwsq ivc lY ky is`Dw pMjwb ilAWdw jWdw sI[ luiDAwxy ivc v`fw ieMtYrogySn sYNtr bxwieAw igAw sI[ hr muswi&r dI au~Qy pUrI ieMtYrogySn kIqI jWdI sI[ ies qrHW muswi&rW iv`coN keIAW ƒ kYd kIqw jWdw sI qy keI horW nUM aunHW dy ipMfW ivc nzrbMd kr id`qw jWdw sI[ aus vyly dI sI.AweI.fI. dI ^u&IAw irport muqwbk 370 jylWH ‟c su`ty gey qy 2212 ƒ ipMfW ivc bµd kIqw igAw (AweIsmONgr AYNf slYtrI, AYn AkwaUNt Aw& Zdr kWspIrysI)[ jylHW ivc Byjy jwx vwilAW ivc fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw, krqwr isMG ltwlw, hrnwm isMG, jgq isMG cu`Gw qy bIbI gulwb kOr vZYrw sn[ ienHW s^qIAW dy bwvjUd kw&I ZdrI vrkr bc ky inkl gey qy rUpoS ho gey[ aunHW ny 15 nvµbr 1914 ƒ Zdr dI skIm bxweI[ pr Asly dI muSkl kr ky ies nUM mulqvI krnw pY igAw[ bwAd ivc ieh qwrIK 21 &rvrI 1915 im`QI geI[ &OjW ivc hrnwm isMG, gurmuK isMG llqoN, aUDm isMG ksyl, ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI ny keI pltxW, Kws kr ky 23vIN kvYlrI, 25 vIN pMjwbI, 128 pwienrz, 9vIN BUpwl, 12vIN kvYlrI vgYrw ivc jw ky is`K &OjIAW ƒ iqAwr kr ilAw[

plwinMg muqwbk is`K &OjIAW ny gory A&srW ƒ kql kr ky, Asly ‟qy kbzw kr ky, AYkSn SurU krnw sI[ Zdr ƒ swry pwsy (lwhOr, i&rozpur, rwvlipMfI &OjI CwauxIAW ivc) iek`Tw hI SurU kIqw jwxw sI[ ies dw cwrj bwbw ivswKw isMG ddyhr kol sI[ mwJy vwilAW ny 20 &rvrI ƒ lopoky dw Qwxw lu`t ky 21 ƒ lwhOr pu`jxw sI[ mwlvy iv`coN BweI rxDIr isMG (mgroN muKI AKMf kIrqnI jQw), krqwr isMG srwBw qy s`jx isMG nwrµgvwl ny AgvweI krnI sI[

auDr srkwr ƒ ZdrI kwrvweIAW dI pUrI sUh iml rhI sI[ aunHW ny ikrpwl isMG brwV nW dw sI. AweI. fI. dw bµdw Zdr pwrtI ivc vwV id`qw sI qy Boly gdrIAW ny aus ƒ sYNtrl kmytI ivc vI Swiml kr ilAw sI[ kmwl dI g`l qW ieh hY ik auh Ajy isr& 9 idn pihlW hI pwrtI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ^Yr CyqI hI aus bwry kuJ vrkrW ƒ sUh iml geI[ ies kr ky Zdr dI qwrIK do idn AgwaUN kr leI geI[ aus ƒ ies qwrIK dw vI pqw l`g igAw[ ies kr ky aus dI mu^brI nwl, 19 PrvrI 1915 ƒ Swm dy swFy cwr vjy (Zdr SurU hox qoN kuJ GMty pihlW hI), pwrtI dy hY~fkuAwtr qy Cwpw mwr ky bhuq swry AwgU igR&qwr kr ley gey[ ies nwl Zdr ienklwb SurU hox qoN pihlW hI ^qm ho igAw[ BwvyN mgroN keI in`ky-moty AYkSn huµdy rhy pr v`fy AYkSn dI AxhoNd ivc im`iQAw ienklwb nw ilAWdw jw sikAw[

muk`dmy qy szwvW:
Zdr lihr dw v`fw AYkSn nwkwmXwb hox mgroN igR&qwr kIqy gey ZdrIAW au~pr cwr muk`dmy clwey gey[ ienHW ƒ „lwhOr kWspIrysI kys‟ dy nW nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ pihlw muk`dmw 26 AprYl 1915 ƒ SurU hoieAw qy 13 sqµbr 1915 ƒ pMifq iSv nrwiex qy do AMgryz kimSnrW ny &Yslw suxw ky 82 „mulzmW‟ (ZdrIAW) ivcoN krqwr isMG (srwBw, izlHw luiDAwxw), jgq isMG (surisMG, izlHw lwhOr, hux izlHw AMimRqsr), hrnwm isMG B`tI gorwieAw, isAwlkot), b^SIS isMG (iglvwlI, izlHw AMimRqsr), surYx isMG puqr bUV isMG (iglvwlI), surYx isMG puqr eISr isMG (iglvwlI) qy ivSnU gxyS ipMgly qy 17 horW ƒ &WsI (mgroN 17 dI &WsI aumr kYd ivc bdl geI); ies qoN ielwvw 23 ƒ aumr kYd qy 6 ƒ G`t szwvW suxweIAW[ Gt szwvW vwilAW ivc sohx isMG Bknw, inDwn isMG c`uGw, juAwlw isMG T`TIAW, ivswKw isMG ddyhr, ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI, aUDm isMG ksyl, hrnwm isMG tuMfIlwt (hirAwxw, huiSAwrpur) vI sn[

dUjw muk`dmw 29 AkqUbr 1915 ƒ SurU hoieAw[ ies ivc au~pr vwlI Adwlq ny hI 30 mwrc 1916 ƒ a~uqm isMG hWs (luiDAwxw), eISr isMG (Fu`fIky, mogw), rUV isMG (qlvµfI dusWJ, &Irozpur), rµgw isMG (Kurdpur, jlMDr), bIr isMG (bwhovwl, huiSAwrpur) ƒ &WsI, 64 ƒ aumr kYd qy 8 ƒ G`t szwvW suxweIAW[ ies ivc BweI rxDIr isMG (nwrµgvwl, luiDAwxw), hrnwm isMG (kwlw sMGw, kpUrQlw), ieMdr isMG (SY^ dOlq, luiDAwxw) vI Swml sn[

qIjw muk`dmw (sYkMf splImYNtrI kys) rwey bhwdr gopwl dws BµfwrI qy do gory j`jW dI Adwlq ivc 8 nvµbr 1916 ƒ SurU hoieAw[ ies dw &Yslw 5 jnvrI 1917  ivc hoieAw[ ies kys  ivc blvµq isMG swbkw gRµQI vYnkUvr gurduAwrw (Kurdpur, jlMDr), rUV isMG (sMGvwl, jlMDr), h&Iz Abdu`lw, nHwmw, bwbU rwm ƒ &WsI, 7 ƒ (sxy krqwr isMG nvW cMd) aumr kYd qy pMj brI hoey[ cOQy muk`dmy  (Qrf splImYNtrI kys) ivc, 2 mwrc 1917 nUM, mQrw isMG (FuifAwl, ijhlm) nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ pMjvyN muk`dmy (&orQ splImYNtrI kys) ivc, 26 meI 1917 nUM, jvMd isMG (nMgl klW, huiSAwrpur) nUM &WsI id`qI geI[

ienHW pMj v`fy muk`dimAW qoN ielwvw p`DrI kql kys ivc pRym isMG (surisMG, izlHw lwhOr, hux AMimRqsr) qy ieMdr isMG (p~DrI klW, AMimRqsr) nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ AMimRqsr v`lw pul kql kys ivc kwlw isMG (jgqpur, AMimRqsr)), cMnx isMG (bUr cMd, lwhOr), hrnwm isMG (T`TI Kwrw, AMimRqsr), Awqmw isMG (T`TI Kwrw, AMimRqsr) qy bMqw isMG (sMGvwl, jlMDr) nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ jgqpur kql kys ivc kwlw isMG (jgqpur, AMimRqsr) qy cMnx isMG (bUV cMd, lwhOr) nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ nMgl klW kql kys ivc bMqw isMG (sMGvwl, jlMDr) qy bUtw isMG (AklwgVH Kurd, luiDAwxw nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ brmw kys ivc 7 julweI 1716 nUM hrnwm isMG (swhrI, huiSAwrpur) qy 5 horW nUM &WsI id`qI geI[ &OjIAW iv`ˆcoN 12 is`K fgSeI CwauxI ivc golI nwl aufwey gey[

ies qoN ielwvw hor keI vKry-vKry kysW Aqy AmrIkw (swn&rWissko Aqy iSkwgo) ivc vI muk`dimAW ivc szwvW hoeIAW[ iek irport muqwbk ku`l 101 jxy PWsI l`gy jW golIAW nwl aufwey gey, 316 ƒ lMbIAW kYdW hoeIAW qy 42 brI hoey[ bhuq swry kYdI jylHW ivc qsIihAW nwl vI mr gey[ keIAW ny ihrwsq ‟coN jW jylHW ivcoN dOVn dIAW koiSSW vI kIqIAW[ iehnW iv`ˆcoN vI keI mwry gey qy jW muV igR&qwr ho gey[ kuJ ZdrI qW kw&I dyr q`k &rwr rhy[

Zdr PylH hox dI vjh:
Zdr lihr dy PylH hox dIAW vjh sn: cµgI lIfriSp nw hoxw, kwrvweIAW dw ^u&IAw nw r`iKAw jw skxw, jQybµdk sUJbUJ dI Gwt, sUhIAW dw dwKlw, sI. AweI. fI. dI cusqI, Awps ‟c myl-jol qy rwbqy dI Gwt, srkwr v`loN s^qIAW vgYrw[ sI.AweI.fI. dy cI& AweIsmONgr Aqy slYtrI vI AwpxI sMn 1918 dI irport ivc iehI nqIjy hI k`Fdy hn[

Bwrq srkwr dy hom ifpwrtmYNt muqwibk sMn 1934 ivc Ajy vI 700 qoN vD srgrm ZdrI izMdw sn qy aunHW ivcoN keI bhuq AYkitv sn („d Zdr fwierYktrI 1934‟, gvrnmYNt Aw& ieMfIAw, ies dw rIpirMt pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw ny 1997 ivc CwipAw sI)[

Zdr lihr is`K ienklwb sI:
Zdr pwrtI iek qrHW nwl is`K lihr hI sI[ ies ivc 95 &IsdI qoN v`D is`K sn[ ies dIAW kwrvweIAW dy sYNtr isr& gurduAwry sn[ ies dy AYkSn qkrIbn swry hI pMjwb ivc hoey sn[ iek do muslmwn vI jzbwqI ho ky ies ienklwb nwl juVy sn[ Zdr pwrtI ivc vVI swrI ihMdU lIfriSp (ivSƒ gxyS ipMgly ƒ C`f ky) buzidl, lwlcI qy ^udgrz sI[ ienHW iv`coN bhuqy, sxy lwlw hridAwl (ijs ny mgroN AMgryzI srkwr qoN muAw&I vI mMg leI sI), prmwnMd, rwmcµd vZYrw, bwAd ‟c jW qW srkwr nwl iml gey qy jW sOKI izMdZI ibqwauNdy rhy[

kimaUinst lyKk gurcrn isMG sihMsrw muqwbk AMgryz vI ies ƒ isr& qy isr& is`K lihr hI mMndy sn[ AMgryzW ny kysW vwly is`KW ƒ nzrbµd kIqw qy ihMdU qy musilm C`f id`qy[ ies kr ky jgq rwm, prmwnMd, ipRQI ishM Aqy hor bhuq swry bc gey sn (gurcrn isMG sihMsrw, Zdr pwrtI dw ieiqhws, s&w 176).

AMgryz srkwr dIAW ^u&IAw irportW muqwibk “Zdr &ylH hox mgroN vI, ies lihr ƒ, bwhrly mulkW ivc gey is`KW ny izMdw r`iKAw[ ienHW iv`coN keI qW mgroN mwsko qoN vI tryinMg lY ky Awey sn[ qkrIbn swry hI bwZI iKAwlW nwl Bry hoey sn[ ieh is`K „dihSqpsµd‟ pMjwb ivc brqwnvI hkUmq ƒ n&rq krdy hn Aqy ies dy pMjwb ivc Kwqmy vwsqy jUJ rhy hn[” (hom pulItIkl, &weIl nMbr 134/[[/1923)[

mgroN jo vrkr kYdW k`t ky irhwA hoey auh qkrIbn swry hI is`K lIg, AkwlI lihr, SRomxI AkwlI dl qy bbr AkwlI lihr ivc Swiml ho gey[ ienHW iv`ˆcoN muK sn: Zdr pwrtI dy fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw, ivswKw isMG ddyhr, BweI rxDIr isMG, BweI ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI, ipAwrw isMG knyfIAn qy keI hor Aqy kwmwgwtw mwrU dy gurid`q isMG, rwey isMG (dljIq isMG) kwauxI[ fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw SRomxI AkwlI dl dy mIq pRDwn qy jnrl sYktrI (sMn 1926-27), bwbw gurid`q isMG qy BweI ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI dovyN AkwlI dl dy pRDwn rhy sn qy bwbw ivswKw isMG sMn 1936 dIAW SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dIAW coxW ivc pwrlImYNtrI borf dy cyArmYn sn[ auh qW kuJ icr vwsqy Akwl q^q dw muK syvwdwr vI irhw sI[

ieM\ hI BweI krm isMG iJMgV, BweI krm isMG dOlqpur qy hor bhuq swry bbr AkwlI lihr ivc Swiml hoey sn[ AMgryz srkwr dI ^u&IAw irport muqwibk  „bbr AkwlI lihr‟ 1915 dI Zdr ienklwbI lihr dI nv-surjIqI sI[ bbrW ivcoN bhuqy ivdySW ivcoN muVy hoey is`K sn qy aunHW ny ZdrIAW vWg 32 bor dy irvwlvr qy mwaUzr iesqymwl kIqy sn[

kYdI pirvwr shwiek kmytI:
Zdr pwrtI dy kYdIAW dy pirvwrW dI mdd vwsqy iek “kYdI pirvwr shwiek kmytI” 21 nvµbr 1924 ƒ bxweI geI sI[ ies kmytI ƒ, pihlI &rvrI 1925 ƒ, iek hor sWJI kmytI ivc bdl id`qw igAw[ ies nvIN kmytI dy 21 mYNbr sn[ iehnW ivcoN 13 ZdrI, cwr is`K lIg dy Aqy cwr koAwpt kIqy mYNbr sn[ (is`K lIg audoN AkwlI dl dw iek rUp hI sI)[ ies kYdI pirvwr shwiek kmytI dy pihly pRDwn ivswKw isMG ddyhr, jnrl sYktrI hrcµd isMG lwielpurI qy jwieMt sYktrI fw: Twkr isMG iekolwhw sn (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 3 &rvrI 1925)[ SRomxI AkwlI dl qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI bwry AMgryz srkwr dI ^u&IAw irport (vI. fblXU. simQ dI 22 &rvrI 1922 dI irport) muqwibk AkwlI lihr ivc vI ZdrIAW ny bVw v`fw ih`sw pwieAw sI[ smu`cy qOr qy Zdr lihr is`K ienklwb sI[ (kuJ lyKkW ny ies nUM BwrqI AwzwdI dI lihr bxwaux dI bQyrI nwkwm koiSS kIqI hY). hor vyKo: sohn isMG Bknw, hridAwl.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gihr gMBIrIey

ieh tolw, izlHw luiDAwxw dy ipMf Twxw ivc sMn 1863 ivc jMmy, ibSnw (pu`qr kwnH cMd qrKwx qy mweI su`KI), nW dy iek swDU ny SurU kIqw sI[ jvwn ho ky ieh mqwb dws audwsI dw cylw bx igAw, ij`Qy ies dw nW ibSn dws r`iKAw igAw[ ieh audwsIAW dy fyirAW ’qy GuMmdw irhw[ iPr sMn 1887 ivc ies ny ropV ivc p`kw fyrw jmw ilAw[ ies ny prcwr krnw SurU kIqw ik pRmwqmw dw sB qoN vDIAw nW ‘gihr gMBIr’ hY[ auh gihr gMBIr Sbd vwlIAW qukW* pVHdw rihMdw sI[ ies kr ky aus dy cyilAW dw nW ‘gihr gMBIrIey’ mShUr ho igAw sI[ ienHW dw muK fyrw ropV ivc hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

grjw isMG, igAwnI

igAwnI grjw isMG (2.8.1904-30.8.1977), dw jnm BweI surjx isNMG cOhwn rwjpUq dy Gr ipMf mihl (qihsIl qy izlHw brnwlw) ivc hoieAw sI[ ies dw ipqw jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc 13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn golI l`gx nwl z^mI ho ky do idn bwAd cVHweI kr igAw sI[

ipqw dI mOq mgroN grjw isMG &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ aus nUM nOkrI dOrwn bsrw, bZdwd Awid QWvW ‘qy jwxw ipAw qy Bwrq vwpsI ’qy aus nUM mulqwn ivc qweInwq kIqw igAw[ &rvrI 1921 ivc nwnkwxw swihb dy ShIdI swky dI ^br sux ky aus ny mulqwn Sihr jw ky gwqry dI ikRpwn ^rIdI Aqy surmweI dsqwr sjw leI[ jd auh vwips &Oj ivc AwieAw qW aus nUM kot gwrd ivc kYd krn mgroN &Oj dI nOkrI qoN kF id`qw igAw[ vwips ipMf prqx mgroN aus ny meI 1922 ivc DUrI mMfI morcy ivc ih`sw ilAw[ julweI 1922 ivc AkwlI jQw brnwlw dw jnrl sk`qr cuixAw igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny gurduAwrw gurU dw bwZ lihr (1922) ivc vI ih`sw ilAw qy Cy mhIny kYd k`tI[ sqMbr 1923 ivc aus ny jYqo morcy ivc vI igR&qwrI id`qI[ pr aus nUM bwkI kYdIAW vWg keI mIl dUr iljw ky C`f idqw igAw[ ies mgroN ShIdI j`Qy Byjy jwxy SurU hoey qW aus ny CyvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc vI igR&qwrI id`qI[ jylH ivc j`Qy ’qy bhuq zwlmwnw qS`dd kIqw igAw[

21 jUn 1925 dy idn morcw ^qm hox mgroN aus nUM irhw kIqw igAw; pr irAwsqI puls ny aus nUM bhuq qMg krnw SurU kr id`qw ijs kr ky auh AMgryzI ielwky ivc clw igAw qy iek swl mgroN swDU dw Bys bdl ky sMq qoqw isMG nW r`K ky Awpxy j`dI ipMf krqwrpur (izlHw isAwlkot) clw igAw[ ie`Qy aus dw ivAwh bIbI hr kOr ho igAw[ ies smyN qoN aus nUM grjw isMG igAwnI krqwrpurI dy nW nwl jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ jUn 1930 ivc aus ny isvl nw&urmwnI lihr ivc ih`sw ilAw qy nON mhIny kYd k`tI[ 1932 ivc aus ny Pyr igR&qwrI id`qI[ ies vwr aus nUM iek swl dI kYd hoeI, pr pMj mhIny mgroN irhw kr id`qw igAw[

dsMbr 1932 ivc aus nUM AkwlI j`Qw isAwlkot dw jnrl sk`qr cux ilAw igAw qy auh pMj swl ieh Ahudy ’qy irhw[ 1936 ivc bwbw ivswKw isMG dy swlsI &Ysly hyT isAwlkot qoN SRomxI kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 1936 ivc auh SRomxI AkwlI dl dw mIq pRDwn cuixAw igAw (audoN pRDwn qwrw isMG TyTr sI)[ 1936 ivc ShId gMj morcy dOrwn ikRpwn ’qy pwbMdI sbMDI aus nuM igR&qwr kr ky pMj idn kYdI dI szw suxweI geI[ 1938 ivc auh izlHw isAwlkot kWgrs kmytI dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw qy iqMn swl cuixAww jWdw irhw[ 1940 ivc auh SRomxI AkwlI dl dw mIq pRDwn cuixAw igAw (audoN pRDwn qyjw isMG AkrpurI sI) [1940 ivc aus nUM PrwdI morcy ivc igR&qwr kr ky fyF swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI[ 1942 ivc aus nUM Pyr igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ irhw hox mgroN auh AMfr grwaUNf rih ky kMm krdw irhw[ 1946 ivc aus nUM isAwlkot izlHw kWgrs dw pDwn cux ilAw igAw (audoN hkIm Ajml ^wn mIq pRDwn cuixAw igAw sI)[ 1946 dI SRomxI grduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI cox ivc auh v`fI AksrIAq nwl mYNbr cuixAw igAw[

igAwnI grjw isMG nUM Awpxy rwjpUq ipCokV dw bhuq mwx sI Aqy auh Awpxy v`fy vfyirAW bwry Koj krdw rihMdw sI[ ies vwr iek B`t ny aus nUM aus dy ipCokV bwry dsidAW aus nUM BweI mnI isMG bwry bhuq kuJ d`iAw ijs kr ky aus dy mn ivc hor jwxn dI ^wihS Br id`qI[ ies mgroN aus ny v`K-v`K QWvW ’qy jw ky B`t vhIAW qoN jwxkwrI iek`TI krnI SurU kr id`qI[ aus ny B`t vhIAW ivcoN sm`grI iek`TI kr ky aunHW ivcoN is`K qvwrI^ dy do kImqI somy iqAwr kr ky Cwpy[ ieh do hn: ‘ShId iblws’ Aqy ‘gurU kIAW swKIAW’[ ‘ShId iblws’ BweI mnI isMG Aqy aunHW dy pirvwr dIAW kurbwnIAW bwry hY[ aunHW ny ieh ikqwb sMn 1961 ivc CwpI sI[ ‘gurU kIAW swKIAW’ gurU kwl dI, sMn 1590 qoN sMn 1708 qk dI, is`K qvwrI^ dw sB qoN Aihm somw hY Aqy ies ivc hux q`k Axjwxy bhuq swry q`QW bwry kImqI jwxkwrI id`qI hoeI hY[ igAwnI grjw isMG ‘gurU kIAW swKIAW’ vwlw Awpxw swrw ^zwnw ipAwrw isMG pdm nUM sONp igAw sI[ pdm ny pihlW ieh ikqwb sMn 1986 ivc sWJy nW ’qy sMpwdn kr ky CwpI sI; mgroN aus ny igAwnI grjw isMG dw nW htw ky isr& Awpxw hI nW ilKxw SurU kr id`qw sI)[

igAwnI grjw isMG smyN-smyN ’qy AwpxI Koj irswilAW ivc vI CpvwauNdw rihMdw sI[ aunHW dy cVHweI krn qoN kuJ swlW mgroN fw gurmuK isMG ny aunHW dIAW ilKqW nUM ‘igAwnI grjw isMG dI ieiqhwsk Koj’ dy nW hyT CwipAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gVHIAl, BweI

Awgrw vwsI BweI gVHIAl qy aus dw Brw mQrw dws gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivc Swiml sn[ BwvyN auh ZrIb mzdUr sn pr auh Awey gey dI syvw bVy pRym Bwv nwl kIqw krdy sn Aqy loVvMdW dI AwpxI smrQw muqwibk mdd vI kirAw krdy sn[ iek vwr koeI is`K jo aunHW dy Gr Tihr ky AwieAw sI, ny guru-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) Aw ky gurU jI nUM aunHW bwry d`isAw[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny aunHW nUM Awpxy kol guru-dw-c`k ivc bulwieAw Aqy aunHw nUM bhuq ipAwr Aqy AsIsW nwl invwijAw[ aunHW dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc kIqw hY: gVHIAl mQrw dwsu hY, sprvwrw lwl gulwlw (vwr 11, pauVI 27).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gVIAw, BweI

BweI gVHIAw goieMdvwl dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh Swied gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smYN ivc is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ aus nUM Drm qy &ls&y dI bhuq smJ sI ies kr ky gurU jI ny aus nUM Drm pRcwr vwsqy kSmIr Byj id`qw sI[ iek vwr auh gujrwq ivc TihirAw[ au~Qy dOlw Swh nW dw iek muslmwn lokW ivc bhuq hrmn ipAwrw sI[gVHIAw aus nUM imlx igAw qW aus ny gurU swihb bwry jwxn ivc bhuq idlcspI idKweI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik aus ny gurU swihb nUM Byt krn vwsqy sony dIAW sO muhrW gVHIAw nUM pyS kIqIAW pr gVHIAw ny aus nUM d`isAw ik gurU jI sMgq qoN dsvMD qW lYNdy hn pr AijhI Bytw kbUl nhIN krdy[ gVHIAw gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy smyN qk pMQ dI syvw ivc ih`sw pwauNdw irhw sI[ 11 Agsq 1664 dy idn jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny bkwlw ivc rsmI qor ’qy gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwlI qW ieh vI au~Qy hwizr sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgU, BweI

1. BweI gMgU gurU AMgd swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ auh hmySw bwxI pVHdw Aqy smJdw rihMdw sI Aqy sMgq dI syvw bhuq SrDw nwl kirAw krdw sI.

2. ipMf f`ly dw vwsI BweI gMgU gurU Amr dws swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc kIqw hY: swhwrU gMgU Bly, BwgU Bgqu Bgiq hY ipAwrI (vwr 11, pauVI 16).

3. BweI gMgU sihgl gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc kIqw hY: gMgU nwau shglw, rwmw Drmw aUdw BweI (vwr 11, pauVI 19).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgU Swh

ieh gVHSMkr (izlHw huiSAwrpur) dw rihx vwlw sI[ ieh gurU Amr dws dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ gurU jI ny ies nUM isrmOr dy ielwky ivc is`KI pRcwr vwsqy ByijAw sI[ mgroN ies dy cyilAW ny izlHw swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr (audoN izlHw AMbwlw) ivc dwaUN ipMf ivc ies dw iek fyrw bxw ilAw[ mgroN ies dy poqy jvwhr isMh ny KtkV klW (izlHw nvWSihr) ivc iek hor fyrw bxw ilAw[ gurU goibMd isMG jI dI ShIdI qoN mgroN ies ny AYlwn kIqw ik hux sMgqW ivDvw ho geIAW hn qy mYN aunHW dw muhwi&z hW[ ies ’qy pMQ ny aus nUM iqAwg id`qw[ aus mgroN ies dy iek vwirs KVg isMh ny KMfy dI pwhul dy mukwbly ivc AwpxI ‘crn pwhul’ SurU kr leI; pr is`K pMQ ny ienHW nUM r`g kr id`qw[ lok ienHW nUM ‘gMgUSwhIey’ kihx lg pey sn[ iSvwilk phwVIAW dy kuJ ipMfW (^ws kr ky jOhrsr, iprIjOr, fgSeI, nwhn Awid) ivc QoVHy ijhy ihmWcl vwsI Ajy vI ienHW dy cyly hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgU bRwhmx

vIhvIN sdI dOrwn ieh crcw clw id`qI geI sI ik iksy gMgU bRwhmx ny mwqw gujrI Aqy swihbzwidAW nUM shyVI qoN igR&qwr krvwieAw sI[ hwlWik iksy vI ilKq ivc (sxy BweI sMqoK isMG, rqn isMG BMgU, igAwnI igAwn isMG, koier isMG, su`Kw isMG, sÍrUp isMG kOiSS) iksy gMgU dw koeI izkr nhIN hY[ mgroN ieiqhwskwr sMgq isMG ny qW ieh g`p vI PYlw id`qI sI ik pMfq moqI lwl qy jvwhr lwl nihrU dw prvwr iesy gMgU dy ^wndwn ivcoN hY[

hkIkq ieh hY ik 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq nUM AnMdpur C`fx mgroN 6 dsMbr 1705 dI dopihr vyly mwqw gujrI qy do in`ky swihbzwdy, BweI du`nw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI nwl srsw ndI qoN cl ky is`Dy cmkOr phuMc gey[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik gurU swihb ny swirAW nUM cmkOr ivc iek`Ty hox vwsqy ikhw hoxw hY[ cmkOr ivc mwqw jI qy do swihbzwidAW nUM shyVI ipMf dy DuMmw (jo j`t sI) qy drbwrI (jo bRwhmx sI), jo kdy ies ielwky dy msMd huMdy hn, aunHW nUM imly Aqy Awpxy ipMf lY gey[ ies dy nwl hI BweI du`nw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI Awpxy Gr cly gey[

rwq vyly msMdW ny mwqw jI dI sony dIAW muhrW vwlI QYlI corI kr leI[ AglI svyr 7 dsMbr dy idn jd mwqw jI ny svyry auT ky QYlI corI hox dI g`l kIqI qW msMd aultw AOKy ho pey qy aunHW ny mwqw jI qy swihbzwidAW dy au¤Qy hox bwry ieqlwh moirMfw Qwxy (jo auQoN swFy iqMn iklomItr hY) dy id`qI [ mgroN DuMmw dy vwrsW ny gMgU dw nW pRcwirAw sI qW jo is`K DuMmw ^wndwn nUM n&rq nw krn[ imslW vyly is`KW ny shyVI ’qy hmlw kr ky swrw ipMf qbwh kr id`qw sI; pr DuMmw msMd dw iek b`cw nwnky igAw hox kr ky bc igAw sI[ sMn 2017 ivc ieh crcw vI c`ilAw ik cOk mihqw fyry (AKOqI dmdmI tkswl) dw muKI hrnwm isMG DuMmw iesy msMd dI kul ivcoN hY.

pRkwS isMG bwdl dy crnW ivc bYTw hoieAw hrnwm isMG DuMmw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw isMG ipRMsIpl

ipRMsIpl gMgw isMG (1898 – 25.12.1961) dw jnm BweI gurdIp isMG dy Gr ipMf jgqppurw (izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dy cwcw tihl isMG dy Gr koeI b`cw nhIN sI; ies kr ky aus ny ies nUM Awpxw muqbMnw bxw ilAw[ gMgw isMG ny dsvIN pws krn mgroN qrnqwrn ivc gurmiq pRcwr ividAwlw ivc dw^lw lY ilAw[pVHweI pUrI krn mgroN auh eyQy hI pVHwaux lg ipAw[sMn 1933 ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny nwnkwxw swihb dy ShIdW dI Xwd ivc is`K imSnrI kwlj kwiem kIqw qW aus nUM ies dw ipRMsIpl bxwieAw igAw[ ies dOrwn aus ny ‘AMimRq’ nW dw rswlw SurU kIqw jo iqMn swl qoN vD smW nw cl sikAw[sMn 1947 ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny aus nUM Drm pRcwr vwsqy AmrIkw ByijAw[ imhrbwn isMG DUpIAw aus dy nwl sI[ au~Qy jw ky aus ny iek gorI AOrq nwl ieSk dy c`kr ivc vwl ktvw id`qy[aus AOrq ny aus dI ies hrkq ’qy ies nUM iqAwg id`qw Aqy mwstr qwrw isMG (jo aus vyly AkwlI dl dw muKI sI) ny aus nUM sunyhw ByijAw ik auh piqq rUp ivc Gr vwips nw muVy[ pr, aus ny pRvwh nw kIqI Aqy muMny isr nwl hI vwips Aw igAw[ Gr Awey nUM aus dI mwqw ny vI lwhnqW pweIAW Aqy aus nUM Awpxw pu`qr mMnx qoN vI nWh kr id`qI[ ies mgroN auh Akwl buMgy mUhry sMgqW kol pyS hoieAw Aqy pMQ qoN muAw&I mMg ky iPr pwhul lY leI[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny kuJ icr mgroN aus nUM Pyr nOkrI dy id`qI[ kuJ smW nOkrI krn mgroN auh AsqI&w dy ky AjIq A^bwr ivc kMm krn lg ipAw, pr iek swl mgroN hI muV imSnrI kwlj dI nOkrI kr leI[sMn 1955 dy pMjwbI sUbw izMdwbwd morcw dOrwn aus ny jylH vI k`tI[ ies mgroN aus nUM id`lI ivc ‘mwqw suMdrI gurduAwrw’ ivc kQw vwck dI syvw dy id`qI geI[ aus ny Awpxw Aw^rI smW eyQy hI ibqwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw isMG iF`loN

gMgw isMG iF`loN (5.7.1928 – 24.9.2014) dw jnm, p`CmI pMjwb dy Sy^Upurw izlHw dy ipf c`k nMbr 18 (nwnkwxw swihb dy nyVy) ivc, s. kwhn isMG iF`loN dy Gr hoieAw sI[ aus ny dsvIN qk dI pVHweI nwnkwxw swihb Kwlsw hweI skUl ivc kIqI qy iPr is`K nYSnl kwlj lwhOr ivc dwi^lw lY ilAw[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI 6 jUn 1947 dy idn hoeI sI[sMn 1947 dI pMjwb dI vMf vyly hoey &swdW ivc aus dw ipqw 31 Agsq 1947 dy idn mwirAw igAw[ ies smyN aus nUM joigMdr isMG mwn (ipqw ismrnjIq isMG mwn) ny ipqw vrgw ipAwr id`qw[ aus nUM AwpxI zmIn dy bdly b`sI pTwxW ivc zmIn Alwt hoeI sI[sMn 1955 ivc jd Bwrq srkwr v`loN hom minstr pMfq vlB BweI pMq ny nwnkwxw swihb Aqy hor gurduAwirAW nUM ‘ievYkueI pRwprtI AYkt’ hyT srkwr dy kMtrol ivc r`Kxw ’qy dsq^q kIqy qW ies ny ies dy i^lw& zbrdsq pRcwr kIqw ijs kwrn aus nUM ‘sikaUirtI AYkt’ hyT igR&qwr rk ky fyF swl kYd r`iKAw igAw[ s. joigMdr isMG mwn dI pRyrxw skdw auh sMn 1958 ivc AmrIkw clw igAw qy iek swQI dI mdd nwl vrjInIAw ivc v`s igAw[sMn 1963 ivc aus ny hwkI dI iek tIm bxweI Aqy jOhn kYnyfI dI Xwd ivc mYc krvwieAw ijs dI pRDwngI knyfI dy Brw ny kIqI[ ies ivc pwiksqwn dI tIm vI KyfI sI[ ies nwl pwiksqwnIAW nwl aus dy sbMD bxny SurU ho gey[ aus dI mulwkwq jnrl AXUb nwl vI hoeI[sMn 1975 ivc auh pwiksqwn igAw[ aus ny zuli&kwr AlI Bu`to nwl mulwkwq kIqI[

sMn 1971 dI jMg mgroN pwiksqwn ivcly gurduAwirAW nwnkwxw swihb Aqy bwkI swry gurduAwirAW dI hwlq ^rwb ho cukI sI ikauN ik Bwrq qoN j`iQAW dw Awauxw bMd ho cukw sI[ aus ny nwnkwxw swihb &waUNfySn bxw ky gurduAwirAW dI syvw-sMBwl SurU krvweI[ sMn 1976 ivc aus dI mulwkwq vzIr zhUr ielwhI nwl hoeI, jo dosqI ivc bdl geI[ zhUr ielwhI ny gurU nwnk purb ’qy hr swl 3000 is`KW nUM vIzw dyx dI SurUAwq kIqI[ zhUr ielwhI ny ienHW j`iQAW nUM Awpxy &wrm hwaUs ’qy dwAvqW vI id`qIAW[ ieh vI crcw c`lI sI ik auh jnrl izAw-aul-h`k dw jmwqI sI (jo shI nhIN sI)[

3000 is`KW nUM vIzw imlxw SurU hox mgroN jd auh Bwrq AwieAw qW cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny aus dw snmwn kIqw[ mwrc 1981 ivc cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny swlwnw ‘is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rµs’ cµfIgVH ivc aus dI pRDwngI hyT krvweI[ ies dy 15 mwrc 1981 dy sYSn ivc bhuq swry is`K nOjvwn Aqy ivdvwn hwizr sn[ ies kwn&rµs ivc Acwnk hI Aijhw mwhOl bx igAw ik ies mOky ’qy hwizr ivdvwnW Aqy nOjvwnW ny ‘is`K iek v`KrI kOm hn’ Aqy ‘is`KW ƒ XU.AYn.E. ivc AYsoiseyt mYNbriSp id`qI jwvy’ dw mqw zor pw ky pws krvw ilAw[ ies mqy nUM pyS krn dw ishrw gMgw isMG iF`loN nUM id`qw jWdw hY[pr Asl ivc ieh ishrw aunHW nOjvwnW ƒ jWdw hY ijnHW ny aus vyly rOlw pw ky AYlwn kr id`qw ik jdoN q`k ‘is`KW dI kOmIAq Aqy AYsosIeyt mYNbriSp’ vwlw mqw pws nhIN ho jWdw audoN q`k kwn&rµs dI kwrvweI nhIN c`lx id`qI jwvygI[ Sor pwaux vwly nOjvwn sn: dl Kwlsw dy vrkr hrismrn isµG, hrijMdr isMG idlgIr, sqnwm isµG pwauNtw swihb, au~qm isµG, gurpRIq isµG, rUipµdr isµG ngwrI vZYrw[

dUjy pwsy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny, Awpxy iek rjvwVw iksm dy mYNbr Aqy srkwr dy tofI, au~jl isµG v`loN ies nukqy ’qy pRotYst krn Aqy AsqI&w dyx qoN fr ky, 15 mwrc 1981 ƒ pws kIqw mqw vwips lY ilAw[ (ies au~jl isµG dI qvwrI^ pihloN vI is`K msly bwry ‘duSmxW-vrgI’ sI[ hor qW hor jdoN 4 julweI 1955 dy idn pulIs drbwr swihb kµplYks ivc dwi^l hoeI sI qy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny ies ’qy ros zwihr kIqw sI qW audoN vI ies ros dy i^lw& au~jl isµG ny AsqI&w dy id`qw sI (Xwin auh drbwr swihb ’qy hoey hmly nUM jwiez mMndw sI)[ auh hr is`K-mu&wd dy nukqy ’qy pµQ dy muKwil&W dw swQ dy ky pµQ-duSmxW qoN zwqI &wiedw lYNdw rihµdw sI)[ ‘is`K iek kOm hn’ dw mqw is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rµs ny pws kIqw sI qy cI& ^wlsw dIvwn vloN ies ƒ vwips nhIN sI ilAw jw skdw[ ies kr ky mqy qoN AlihdgI cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dI ho skdI hY nw ik is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rµs dI[ is`K AYjUkYSnl kwn&rMs ies nUM vwips lY skdI sI pr aus nUM ies vwsqy spYSl iejlws bulwauxw pYxw sI jW Agly swl dI kwn&rMs qk aufIkxw pYxw sI[

auN\ vI ies jQybµdI vloN ieh mqw ‘vwips’ lYx nwl koeI &rk nhIN sI pYNdw, ikauNik ies jQybµdI dI lokW ivc koeI hsqI nhIN sI[ aultw, ies kwrvweI mgroN hr pwsy is`K dIvwnW, jlisAW, mIitµgW, sYmInwrW qy hor iek`TW ivc ‘is`K iek kOm hn’ Aqy ‘XU.AYn.E. ivc is`K numwieµdgI’ dI ihmwieq ivc sYNkVy mqy pws kr ky is`KW ny Awpxy ie`qhwd dw iezhwr kIqw[

jUn 1984 ivc BwrqI &Oj v`loN drbwr swihb ’qy hmly mgroN ieMdrw gWDI ny aus dy Bwrq Awaux ’qy pwbMdI lw id`qI[ mgroN iek vwr aus dI mulwkwq audoN dy pRweIm minstr nrismHw rwE nwl vI hoeI; pr ies dy bwvjUd aus nUM Bwrq dw vIzw nw imilAw[ sMn 1991 ivc auh ibnw vIzy qoN id`lI Aw auqirAw, pr aus nUM dwi^lw nw id`qw igAw (A^Ir 2010 ivc jd 169 is`KW dy nW blYk ilst ivcoN k`Fy gey qW aus dw nW, jo 32 nMbr ’qy sI, vI k`F id`qw igAw)[

sMn 1999 ivc aus ny ‘pwiksqwn gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI’ kwiem krvweI (jo hux vI cl rhI hY)[ ies dw AYlwn audoN dy pRweIm minstr nvwz SrI& ny gurduAwrw fyhrw swihb lwhOr Aw ky Awp kIqw[ Bwrq srkwr Aqy SRomxI kmytI ny ies nUM rokx dI koiSS kIqI pr kwmXwb nw ho sky[ auN\ iek vwr Bwrq nUM ^uS krn vwsqy pwiksqwn srkwr ny aus dy Awpxy dyS (pwiksqwn) ivc dw^ly ’qy pwbMdI vI lw id`qI sI[ pMQk ipV ivc Awpxw rol Adw krdw-krdw, 82 swl dI aumr Bog ky, auh cVHweI kr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw isMG jYqo

BweI gMgw isMG ipMf qlvMfI JIrW dw rihx vwlw sI[jd jYqo morcw l`gw qW auh dsvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw jo 13 julweI 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN jYqo nUM igAw[ 3 Agsq 1924 dy idn ieh j`Qw jlMDr dy iek ipMf bwjvw ivc pu`jw qW jlMDr dy kimSnr Aqy ifptI kimSnr ny iek v`fI DwV lY ky jQy ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies hmly ivc keI is`K z^mI hoey[ ies dy nwl hI puls ny jQy dy jQydwr Aqy mIq jQydwr sxy 30 qoN vD is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw sunyhw imlx ’qy jQy dy bwkI is`KW ny Awpxy nvyN jQydwr cuxy Aqy jYqo nUM cwly pw id`qy[ jQw 15 Agsq 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw ij`Qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ jylH ivc mwVI hwlq Aqy qS`dd kwrn jylH ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw sihgl

BweI gMgw sihgl Awgrw Sihr dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh muZl &Oj dw iek ispwhI sI[ iek vwr auh gurU Arjn swigb jI kol AwieAw Aqy kihx l`gw ik myrw zwlm muZlW dI nOkrI krn ’qy idl nhIN krdw, pr myrw Awmdn dw koeI vsIlw nhIN ies kr ky mjbUr hW[ gurU jI ny aus nUM Awpxy kol rK ilAw Aqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM Ssqr ividAw Aqy GoVsvwrI dI syvw sONp id`qI[ mgroN aus ny gurU hirgoibMd swihb dIAW swrIAW lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw[ BweI gurdws ny aus dw izkr AwpxIAW vwrW ivc kIqw hY: gMgw shglu sUrmw, hrbMs qpY thl Drmswlw (vwr 11, pauVI 27).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw swgr

iek ^ws lotw ijhVw iqRpurw Aqy jYNqIAw dy rwjy rqn mwnykX ny sMn 1684 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI nUM Byt kIqw sI qy ieh lotw gurU jI ny sMn 1705 ivc rweykot dy rwjw rwey klHw nUM Byt kIqw sI[ sMn 1947 ivc rweykot vwly ies nUM pwiksqwn lY gey sn[ aunHW dy ^wndwn kol ieh Aj vI sMBwilAw ipAw hY[ ies loty bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ies ivc ryq pwE qW ikr jWdI hY, pr du`D pwE qW nhIN coNdw (drAsl ies dIAW do qihAW hn, ijnHW nUM Gumwaux nwl ies dy Cyk KulH jWdy hn jW bMd ho jWdy hn):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw rwm

BweI gMgw rwm biTMfw dy ielwky dw rihx vwlw sI[ iek vwr aus ny bwjrw bIijAw ijs dw bhuq cMgw JwV inkilAw[ aus ny AwpxI Psl g`fy ’qy l`dI Aqy cMgI kImq imlx dI Aws ivc mwJy dy ielwky ivc Aw igAw[ jd auh gurU -dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) pu`jw qW aus ny vyiKAw ik lok AMimRq srovr pu`tx dI kwr syvw kr rhy hn[ auh ieh vyK ky bhuq pRBwvq hoieAw Aqy aus ny Awpxw swrw Anwj gurU dy lMgr vwsqy Byt kr id`qw[ jd qk srovr pUrI qrHW bx nhIN igAw auh au~Qy hI irhw[ mgroN auh is`KI dw pRcwr krn vwsqy mwlvw clw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw rwm, sr

sr gMgw rwm Agrvwl (22.4.1851 – 10.7.1927) dw jnm, dOlq rwm (jo puls ivc sb ieMspYktr sI) dy Gr, p`CmI pMjwb dy iek ipMf mMgqWvwlw (izlHw nwnkwxw swihb) ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN aus dw ipqw AMimRqsr clw igAw sI[ gMgw rwm dI muFlI pVHweI AMimRqsr ivc hoeI sI; mgroN aus ny srkwrI kwlj lwhOr ivc dw^lw lY ilAw[sMn 1871 ivc aus nUM vzI&w iml igAw Aqy auh ruVkI kwlj ivc isvl ieMjnIAirMg dI pVHweI krn lg ipAw, ij`Qy aus nUM golf mYfl hwisl hoieAw[sMn 1873 ivc aus nUM id`lI ivc AisstYNt ieMjnIAr lwieAw igAw, ij`Qy aus ny ieMmpIrIAl AsYNblI dI iemwrq bxweI[sMn 1873 ivc auh pMjwb Aw igAw qy pI.fblXU.fI ivc ieMjnIAr lg igAw[ kuJ smyN mgroN aus ny nOkrI C`f id`qI Aqy srkwr qoN imMtgumrI (hux swhIvwl) ielwky ivc pMjwh hzwr eykV (qkrIbn 200 iklomItr dw ielwkw lIz ‟qy lY ilAw[ aus ny Awpxy koloN ^rc kr ky hweIfro ielYkitRk plWt rwhIN, iqMn swl ivc ies b`jr qy AxvwhI zmIn nUM, kmwl dI aupjwaU zmIn bxw id`qw[ ieh dunIAW dw sB qoN v`fw ierIgySn plWt sI[ ies zmIn qoN aus nUM l`KW rupY dI AwmdnI hoeI ijs dw bhuqw ih`sw aus ny dwn puMn Aqy lok BlweI dy kMmW ‟qy ^rc kIqw[sMn 1900 ivc aus nUM lwrf krzn ny id`lI ivc ieMglYNf bwdSwh dI Awmd ‟qy lwey jwx vwly SwhI drbwr dIAW iemwrqW bxwaux vwsqy qweInwq kIqw[ aus dI ies syvw qoN ^uS ho ky srkwr ny sMn 1903 ivc aus nUM „rwey bhwdur‟ Aqy “Awrfr Aw& d ieMfIAn AYNmpwier” dw i^qwb id`qw[sMn 1922 ivc aus nUM sr dw i^qwb id`qw igAw[ sr gMgw rwm ny lwhOr dw fwk^wnw, lwhOr dw Ajwieb Gr, AYcIsn kwlj dI iemwrq, myE kwlj dI iemwrq qoN ielwvw iek hspqwl (sr gMgw rwm hspqwl) vI bxwieAw[ lwhor dy mwfl twaUn Aqy gulbrg ielwky vI aus ny hI ifzien kIqy sn[pitAwlw dw moqI bwZ vI aus ny bxwieAw sI[ id`lI dw sYktrIeyt vI aus ny qwmIr kIqw sI[sMn 1951 ivc id`lI ivc aus dy sO swlw jnm idn ‟qy aus dI Xwd ivc sr gMgw rwm hspqwl bxieAw igAw sI[ gMgw rwm dy poqy, pVpoqy qy pVpVpoqy dunIAW dy bhuq swry mulkW ivc rih rhy hn[ aus dw sbMD is`KW nwl vI hY[ jd gurU-dw-bwZ morcw ivc srkwr is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ky Qk geI qW ies ny sr gMgw rwm nUM ivc pw ky gurU-dw-bwZ dI zmIn kwZzW ivc aus nUM lIz ‟qy dy ky ieh morcw ^qm krvwieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw rwm pMifq

pMifq gMgw rwm (sMn 1775 – sMn 1826), pu`qr ikSn dws, kSmIr dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh pihlW gvwlIAr Aqy id`lI dIAW srkwr kol nOkrI krdw irhw sI[ auh sMn 1809 ivc eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dy fyivf AwkqrlonI kol nOkr ho igAw sI[sMn 1814 ivc auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy drbwr ivc nOkrI krn lg ipAw[sMn 1815 ivc aus ny Awpxy iek hor irSqydwr pMifq dInw nwQ nUM vI rxjIq isMG kol nOkr BrqI krvw id`qw[ aus dI iemwndwrI kwrn rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM &Oj dw swrw ihswb ikqwb Aqy ^zwny (ijs ivc kohynUr hIrw vI Swiml sI) dI syvw sONp id`qI sI[ rwj dI SwhI muhr vI aus dy ie^iqAwr ivc r`KI geI sI[ auh kuJ icr gujrwq dw sUbydwr (gvrnr) vI irhw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw rwm (pu`qr bIbI vIro)

ieh gurU hrgoibMd swihb dI bytI bIbI vIro Aqy BweI swDU dw bytw Aqy BweI Drmw dw poqw sI (guru hirgoibMd swihb dw dohqrw Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI dI BUAw dw pu`qr sI)[ ieh BMgwxI dI lVweI (18 sqMbr 1688) ivc bVI bhwdrI nwl liVAw sI[ bIbI vIro dy pMj pu`qr sn: sMgo Swh, gulwb cMd, jIq m`l, gMgw rwm Aqyy mwhrI cMd.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw mwqw

gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy jnm sbMDI Awm qOr ’qy ikhw jWdw hY ik aunHW dw jnm bwbw bu`Fw dy (AKOqI) vr nwl hoieAw sI[ ieh JUTI khwxI mIixAW ny prcwrnI SurU kIqI sI[ ieh khwxI ipRQI cMd dy pu`qr imhrbwn ny GVI sI[ mIixAW dw mksd ieh sI ik gurU Arjn swihb nUM inqwxy qy kmzor d`s ky lokW ivc aunHW dw drjw GtwieAw jwvy[ aunHW ny bwbw bu`Fw dw nW vrq ky ieh hrkq auvyN hI kIqI sI ijvyN ik hMdwlIAW/ibDIcMdIAW ny hMdwl nUM au~cw cukx vwsqy nvIN jnmswKI bxw ky kIqI sI[ hMdwlIAW ny vI bwbw bu`Fw vWg hMdwl nUM gurU nwnk swihb qoN v`fw prcwrn dI koiSS kIqI sI[

AslIAq kI hY: gurU Arjn swihb Ajy Coty hI sn ik Awp dy nwnw gurU Amr dws swihb Awp dI kuVmweI maU (mO) ipMf (qihsIl i&lOr, izlHw jlMDr) dy BweI ikSn cMd sUrI dI bytI rwm dyeI nwl hI kr gey sn[ pr Awp dI SwdI dI rsm 20 jUn 1579 dy idn pUrI kIqI geI sI[ keI swl AwpxI ishq ^rwb rihx kwrn mwqw rwm dyeI ibsqr nwl hI b`J gey[ d`s swl ieM\ hI rihx mgroN aunHW ny bwbw bu`Fw jI nUM bzurg jwx ky gurU swihb kol ByijAw Aqy dUjw ivAwh krvwaux vwsqy zor pwieAw[ pihlW qW gurU swihb ny nWh kIqI pr bwbw bu`Fw jI dy vwr-vwr zor dyx ’qy aunHW nUM hW krnI peI[ kysr isMG iCbr (bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqswhIAW dw ivc) sw& ilKdy hn ik gurU Arjn swihb dy dUjy ivAwh ivc aunHW dI pihlI pqnI (mwqw) rwm dyeI dw v`fw h`Q sI[ iCbr muqwibk mwqw rwm dyeI ny is`KW nUM sunyhw ByijAw ik jy koeI AwpxI suqw (DI) gurU swihb nwl ivAwhuxI cwhvy qW auh d`s pwey[ lwhOr ivc rihx vwly, irK rwE zwq dy, BweI sMgq rwE dIAw do bytIAW sn: gMgw v`fI qy jmnw CotI sI[ aus ny gurU swihb nUM dohW dI pySkS kIqI[ gurU swihb ny v`fI nUM cuixAw:

mwqw is`KW AwpixAw nUM smJwieAw[
jy iksy is`K dy Gr hovy suqw, qW swihb nUM cwhy dvwieAw[
lwhOr ivc KqrI is`K, hYsI irK rwE[
qw ky Dwm doey suqw, nwauN sMgq rwE[
iqs ko mwqw kihAw buJwey[
so mMn ky, folw lY phucw Awey[
iek gMgw, dUjI jmnw, nwauN dohW BYxW[
qjI jmnw, gMgw v`fI nUM kIqw lYxw[
sMmq solW sY CqwlI, hwV gey idn bweI[
mwqw gMgw kr ivAwh foly cVH AweI[

A`gy lyKk iek bMd ivc dohW mwqwvW (rwm dyeI qy gMgw) dw iek`Tw izkr vI krdw hY:

mwqw rwm dyeI qy CotI mwqw gMgw[
h`Q joV bynqI kr ienw im`Tw myvw mMgw[

ieM\ gurU Arjn swihb dw dUjw ivAwh 22 hwV sMmq 1646 (19 jUn 1589) dy idn irK rwE goq dy BweI sMgq rwE dI bytI (mwqw) gMgw nwl hoieAw (mwqw gMgw ny rwm dyeI dI bhuq syvw kIqI pr auh TIk nw ho sky qy CyqI hI cVHweI kr gey)[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm bwbw bu`Fw dy vr nwl hox dI (JUTI) khwxI iesy Gtnw ivcoN GVI geI jwpdI hY[ ies ivAwh ivcoN iek swl dy AMdr-AMdr hI, 19 jUn 1590 dy idn (gurU) hirgoibMd dw jnm hoieAw sI[ (kuJ lyKk Awp dw jnm ñõùõ ivc mMndy hn, jo shI nhIN hY)[

ieh kihxw ik gurU Arjn swihb bwbw bu`Fw nUM (gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy jnm dw ‘vr’ dyx dw) ‘mwx dyxw’ cwhuMdy sn dw mqlb ieh inkldw hY ik gurU Arjn swihb Awp gurbwxI ’qy XkIn nhIN krdy sn qy bwbw bu`Fw nUM gurU gRMQ swihb dI isiKAw dy ault ‘vr dyx vwlw’ swibq krnw cwhuMdy sn[ ies khwxI muqwibk qW gurU swihb nUM gurU gRMQ swihb dI isiKAw dy ault kwrvweI krdw d`isAw igAw hY[ (suxn nUM suhxIAW jwpx vwlIAW, pr gurU-inMdw dIAW qy gurbwxI-ivroDI, ieho ijhIAW bhuq khwxIAW, bRwhmx iksm dy lyKkW ny GVIAW hoeIAW hn)[

mwqw rwm dyeI dI mOq sMn 1589 ivc hoeI Aqy mwqw gMgw dI mOq (gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI qoN 15 swl mgroN) 14 meI 1621 dy idn bkwlw (hux bwbw bkwlw) ivc hoeI sI[ mwqw gMgw jI dI ^wihS muqwibk aunHW dI dyh dw sskwr nhIN sI kIqw blik dyh nUM jl pRvwh kIqw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gWDI
(mohn dws krm cMd gWDI)

pUrw nW: mohn dws krm cMd gWDI. mohn dws pu`qr krm cMd dw jnm 2 AkqUbr 1869 dy idn hoieAw sI[ aus dI SwdI ksqUrbw nwl sMn 1882, 13 swl dI aumr ivc hoeI sI[ pihly p`uqr hrI lwl dw jnm (19 swl d aumr ivc) sMn 1888 ivc hoieAw sI[ sqMbr 1888 aus ny lMfn ie`nr tYNpl ivc vkwlq dIAW klwsW ivc dw^lw lY ilAw[ 10 jUn 1891 dy idn (22 swl dI aumr ivc) auh bYirst bixAw qy 12 jUn nUM Gr vwps cl ipAw[sMn 1892 ivc aus ny vkwlq SurU kIqI pr aus dI vkwlq nw c`lI[ ApRYl 1893 aus nUM iek muk`dmy dy islisly ivc swaUQ A&rIkw ByijAw igAw[ auh au~Qy iqMn swl irhw qy 5 jUn 1896 dy idn nUM vqn vwips igAw[ 30 nvMbr 1896 dy idn auh pirvwr nUM lY ky muV swaUQ A&rIkw vwsqy cl ipAw[

dsMbr 1898 ivc „boier lVweI‟ ivc aus ny ih`sw ilAw[ aus ny „ieMfIAn AYNbUlYNs kwrps‟ bxweI ijs rwhIN aus ny AMgryzW vwsqy kwilAW dy i^lw& ^u&IAw kwrvweIAW kIqIAW[ ies dOrwn AMgryzW v`loN aus nUM swrjYNt myjr dw Ahudw id`qw hoieAw sI[

AkqUbr 1901 ivc gWDI vwips vqn priqAw, pr hux vI aus dI vkwlq nw clI qW dsMbr ivc pirvwr nUM porbMdr ivc C`f ky auh muV swaUQ A&rIkw clw igAw[ mwrc 1906 ivc jdoN „zu`lU bZwvq‟ SurU hoeI qW aus ny iPr brqwnvI srkwr dI mdd kIqI[ 1906 jUn julweI kwly lokW (ijnHW nUM aus ny „kwi&r‟ iliKAw sI) dy i^lw& srkwrI lVweI ivc ih`sw ilAw[ auh AkqUbr 1906 ivc eySIAnW dy i^lw& (Agsq 1905 ivc) bxwey „pol tYks‟ dy i^lw& brqwnvI srkwr qk phuMc krn vwsqy lMfn igAw qy au~QoN dsMbr ivc vwps AwieAw[

swaUQ A&rIkw ivc vkIl vjoN gWDI iblkul nwkwm sI[ auh Awpxy smyN ivc iek vI muk`dmw ij`q nhIN sI sikAw[

1908 jnvrI ivc aus ny „pol tYks‟ dy i^lw& hVqwl ivc 20 idn jylH ivc ibqwey[ ies dOrwn aus dI iek iesweI pwdrI jy. ifaUk nwl dosqI kwiem hoeI[ jUn 1909 ivc auh iPr lMfn igAw qy AkqUbr ivc muiVAw[ ies qoN bwAd brqwnvI srkwr nwl iPr imlvrqn krn lg ipAw[sMn 1910 ivc aus ny „twlstwey &wrm‟ kiem kIqw[ iesy smyN aus ny du`D pIxw C`f id`qw[sMn 1914 ivc pihlI ivSv jMg SurU ho cukI sI[ ies smyN gWDI ny AMgryzW dI mdd vwsqy „ieMfIAn vwlMtIAr kwrps‟ bxweI; pr, bImwr pYx kr ky vDyry kMm nw kr sikAw[ 18 julweI 1914 dy idn gWDI lMfn igAw[ ie`QoN gWDI d`KxI A&rIkw nhIN igAw qy 19 dsMbr dy idn lMfn qoN vqn nUM cl ipAw[ auh 9 jnvrI 1915 bMbeI pu`jw[

13 jnvrI 1915 dy idn gWDI dw jnrl sm`ts nwl smJOqw ho igAw Aqy AMgryzI srkwr nwl aus dI nyVqw hor vD geI[ jnrl sm`ts nwl slwh krn mgroN aus ny ihMd ivc kwrvweIAW krnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ auh 17 &rvrI 1915 dy idn tYgor nUM imlx vwsqy SWqI inkyqn igAw[ 5 ApRYl dy idn aus ny hrduAwr jw ky kuMB myly ‟qy ieSnwn kIqw[ julweI 1915 ivc auh iPr lMfn igAw[ 26 jUn 1915 dy idn brqwnvI srkwr ny aus dIAW AMgryzI hkUmq vwsqy kIqIAW syvwvW nUM mu`K rK ky aus nUM „kYsr-ie-ihMd‟ dw i^qwb id`qw[ 15 nvMbr 1915 dy idn auh „gujrwq sBw‟ dw mIq pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ 6 &rvrI 1916 dy idn aus ny bnrws ihMdU XUnIvristI ivc lYkcr id`qw[ 26 dsMbr 1916 dy idn aus ny lKnaU kWgrs ivc SmUlIAq kIqI[ eyQy auh moqI lwl qy jvwhr lwl nihrU nUM pihlI vwr imilAw[ 17 jUn 1917 dy idn aus ny swbrmqI AwSrm kwiem kIqw[ iesy swl AkqUbr nvMbr ivc auh gujrwq AYjUkySnl Aqy isAwsI kw&rMsW ivc ih`sw lYNdw irhw[sMn 1918 Aqy sMn 1919 ivc aus ny iek vwr vrq r`iKAw Aqy iek siqAwgRih ivc ih`sw ilAw[ 24 &rvrI 1919 dy idn aus ny „rOlt AYkt‟‟ dy i^lw& morcw lwaux dw AYlwn kIqw qy 6 ApRYl dy idn hVqwl Aqy siqAwgRih SurU kIqw[ ies mgroN AMgryzW ny mIfIAw ivc aus nuM mhwn AwgU vjoN pyS krnw SurU kIqw qy aus ny kWgrs pwrtI dI vwg for sMBwl leI[ isr& cwr swl ivc hI aus nUM „mhwn AwgU‟ bxw ky bwkI swry AwgUAW, ^ws kr ky grm dlIAW‟ nUM K`ufy lw id`qw igAw[sMn 1915 qoN sMn 1930 qk AMgryz srkwr ny qy AMgryzI mIfIAw ny aus nUM ^Ub mShUrI id`qI[ ies nwl aus dw bhuq prcwr hoieAw[ gWDI ny bhuq morcy lwey pr iek morcy ivc vI kwmXwbI hwisl nw hoeI[ pr ies nwl aus nUM bhuq mShUrI imlI ijs nwl auh „vwihd‟ AwgU bx igAw[ 1947 ivc AMgryz mulk nUM gWDI qy nihrU dy hvwly kr ky C`f ky cly gey[ 30 jnvrI 1948 dy idn aus nUM n`QU rwm gofsy ny golIAW mwr ky mwr id`qw.

gWDI Aqy is`K

gWDI iek Awm mUlvwdI „ihMdU‟ sI; aus dI soc iek Awm bwxIey ihMdU vwlI hI sI[ hwlW ik auh idloN Dwrimk nhIN sI[ auh ieMglYNf rihMidAW Srwb Aqy gW dw mws qk Kw cukw sI[ auh Swied kwmI vI sI[ ijhVw S^s mW-bwp dy mrn dy plW ivc pqnI nwl Bog kr irhw hovy aus ivc pirvwr vwsqy ikMnw kU ipAwr/jzbwq ho skdw hY, ies g`l dw AMdwzw sOiKAW hI lwieAw jw skdw hY[

pr auh Dwrimk nw hox dy bwvjUd i&rkU zrUr sI[ auh dUjy DrmW, ^ws kr ky muslmwnW Aqy is`KW nUM idloN n&rq krdw sI[ auh qW 1920ivAW ivc vI “rwm rwj” dIAW g`lW krdw huMdw sI[sMn 1923 ivc jd aus ny qklI dw pRcwr SurU kIqw qW aus ny ieh pRcwr vI kIqw ik qklI ivcoN inklx vwly hr Dwgy qy rwm qy ikRSn dI muhr hoxI cwhIdI hY[ (ieMdU lwl ky. XjnIk, gWDI: AYz AweI inaU ihm, s&w 302, jI.fI. qyNdulkr, mhwqmw: lweI& Aw& mohn dws krm cMd gWDI)[

pihlW sMn 1921 ivc nwnkwxw swihb dy kqlyAwm bwry vI gWDI dw slUk qkrIbn AYNtI-is`K sI[ aus dy ibAwnW ivcoN SryAwm mhMqW nwl hmdrdI dw ieSwrw nzr AwauNdw sI[ aus ny qW ieh koiSS vI kIqI sI ik is`K gurduAwrw suDwr lihr bMd kr dyx Aqy Bwrq dI AwzwdI dI lihr ivc hI ih`sw pwaux[ (ies ip`Cy vI aus dw mksd mhMqW dI mdd krnw hI sI)[ auN\ is`K lIfrW ny aus dI ies slwh nUM r`d kr id`qw sI[ hW is`KW ny iek ZlqI zrUr kIqI sI ik aus dy kihx ‟qy nwnkwxw swihb dy kqlyAwm sbMDI srkwr nwl nwimlvrqx dw mqw zrUr pws kr id`qw sI[ pr ies dy bwvjUd gWDI qy kWgrs ny nwnkwxw swihb dy sbMD ivc isr& iek-do ibAwn dyx qoN isvw kuJ nhIN sI kIqw[ aultw is`KW qy srkwr ivc iv`Q vDweI sI[

gWDI hmySw is`K Drm nUM ihMdU Drm dw iek AMg ikhw krdw sI[ is`K AwgUAW ny aus nUM iml ky vI qy ibAwnW rwhIN vI (qy iek`TW qy mIitMgW ivc vI) aus nUM Aijhw kihx qoN roikAw sI[ (ies ‘qy iek A^bwr ny gWDI bwry iliKAw sI:„mhwqmw gWDI pwgl ho igAw‟[ jdoN auh pMjwb AwieAw qW aus ny mMn ilAw ik mYN Aijhw pbilk ivc kdy nhIN khWgw pr iPr vI auh tilAw nhIN[ aus ny 9 ApRYl 1925 dy ‘XMg ieMfIAw ivc iek lyK ilK ky gurU goibMd isMG swihb nUM ihMdU Drm dw r`iKAk pr iek Bu`lV dyS Bgq ikhw (pr aus ny iSvwjI mrh`tw qy rwxI JWsI nUM kdy Bu`lV nhIN ikhw)[ jd mMgl isMG ny aus nUM ies bwry spStIkrn vwsqy ikhw qW aus ny ZlqI nhIN mMnI qy AwpxI g`l ‟qy AiVAw irhw, sgoN aus ny ikRSn bwry nvIN it`pxI dy id`qI ik auh ‘ieiqhwsk ienswn nhIN sI’ qy jy ieh swibq ho jwvy ik mhWBwrq ‘ieiqhws’ sI qW mYN ikRSn nUM r`b dw Avqwr mMnx qoN sw& ienkwr kr dyvWgw[‘ auN\ gWDI ny mMinAw ik aus ny is`K AwgUAW nwl vwAdw kIqw sI ik mYN aunHW nUM ihMdU Drm dw AMg nhIN khWgw[ pr gWDI iPr vI vwr-vwr is`K Drm ‟qy hmly krdw irhw[

sMn 1929 dy lwhOr sYSn ivc kWgrs ny mqw pws kIqw sI ik „kWgrs koeI AYsw kwƒn mnzUr nhIN krygI jo is`KW (qy hor AklIAqW) ƒ mnzUr nhIN hovygw[‟ sMn 1931 ivc gWDI ny is`KW nUM Brmwaux vwsqy iek vwr ikrpwn dI is&q vI kIqI sI[ 16 mwrc 1931 ƒ gWDI ny sIs gµj id`lI ivc ikhw ik „„kWgrs is`KW nwl kdI ivswhGwq nhIN krygI, qy lwhOr dy mqy Anuswr koeI Aijhw AweIn nhIN bxwieAw jweygw jo is`KW ƒ mnzUr nw hovy[ ies sUrq ivc is~KW nUM h`k hovygw ik auh h`Q ivc qlvwr PV ky bZwvq krn, vwihgurU qy mnuK jwqI aunHW dI mdd krngy[”

iehI vwiedw mgroN 6 julweI 1946 ƒ klk`qw ivc nihrU vloN vI duhrwieAw igAw[ nihrU dy l&z sn „„pµjwb dy bhwdr is`K ^ws slUk dy hkdwr hn[ mYƒ ies ivc koeI ieqrwz nhIN idsdw ik ihµdUsqwn dy au~qr ivc iek Aijhw ielwkw vKrw kr id`qw jwvy ijs ivc AwzwdI dw inG is`KW dy lhU ƒ vI grmwvy[”

sMn 1936 ivc jd AMbydkr is`K bxn l`gw sI qW gWDI ny ies dI zbrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI sI, ijs nwl aus ny is`K bxn qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ (ieh bySk AMbydkr dI kmzorI sI ik auh iek ihMdU AwgU A`gy Juk igAw ijs dw nqIjw aus nUM izMdgI Br Bogxw ipAw qy auh iek inrws AwgU vWg ies dunIAW qoN clw igAw)[

Agsq 1940 hI mwstr qwrw isµG ny kWgrs pRDwn AbU klwm mOlwnw Awzwd ƒ ilKy iek ^q ivc &Oj ivc is`KW dI vDyry BrqI dI g`l AwKI hoeI sI[ mwstr qwrw isµG ny ies dI iek kwpI gWDI ƒ vI Byj idqI sI[ gWDI ny mwstr qwrw isµG dI ic`TI dy jvwb ivc ieh vI iliKAw ik:

“You have nothing in common with Congress — you believe in the rule of sword, the Congress does not…” („quhwfy Aqy kWgrs ivc kuJ vI sWJw nhIN[ qusIN ikrpwn ivc XkIn rKdy ho qy kWgrs nhIN)[

ies ‟qy mwstr qwrw isµG ny gWDI nwl hoeI ^qo-ikqwbq pRYs ƒ irlIz krn dy nwl hI 12 sqµbr 1940 ƒ kOmI qy sUbweI kWgrs qoN AsqI&y dy id`qy[ AsqI&y ivc mOlwnw Aqy gWDI nwl ivcwrW dy &rk Aqy „rwjw jI dI pySkS‟ dy ivroD dw izkr kIqw igAw sI[ 15 sqµbr 1940 nUM aurdU AKbwrW „pRqwp‟, „imlwp‟ qy „vIr Bwrq‟ ny gWDI dw ivroD qy mwstr qwrw isµG dI ihmwieq kIqI[ A^bwrW ny mOlwnw Azwd ƒ mwstr qwrw isµG qoN muAw&I mµgx vwsqy ikhw (gWDI nUM muAw&I mMgx vwsqy nhIN ikhw igAw sI, hwlW ik is`K Drm dy i^lw& l&z gWDI ny vrqy sn)[ A^bwrW ny ikhw ik is`KW dIAW mhwn kurbwnIAW ƒ A`KoN Ehly kIqw igAw hY[ pr 18 sqµbr 1940 ƒ mwstr qwrw isµG ny AYlwn kIqw ik kWgrs qoN myrw AsqI&w S^sI hY AkwlI dl kWgrs dy nwl hI rhygw[ mwstr qwrw isµG dw ieh ibAwn Zlq sI ikauNik gWDI ny mwstr qwrw isµG dy i^lw& kuJ nhIN sI ikhw blik is`K Drm dI ikrpwn dy i^lw& n&rq auglI sI[ bxdw qW ieh sI ik swrI is`K kOm gWDI dy i^lw& au~T KVoNdI pr Aihmk qy buzidl is`K AwgU susrI vWg su`qy rhy[

28 sqµbr 1940 ƒ AkwlI dl dI vrikµg kmytI ny gWDI dy is`KW sbµDI l&zW dI inµdw kIqI qy mµg kIqI ik kWgrs mOlwnw Awzwd (gWDI dy nhIN) dy ibAwn bwry AwpxI puzISn sw& kry[ AkwlI dl ny sMn 1929 dy is`KW ƒ id`qy Brosy Xwd r`Kx leI ikhw Aqy „rwjw jI dI pySkS‟ dw ivroD kIqw[ 15 AkqUbr nUM nihrU ny vI iek ibAwn ivc is`K AwgUAW ƒ AµgryzW nwl imlvrqx jW kWgrs dw swQ ivcoN ie`k rwh cuxn vwsqy ikhw[ pr, gWDI Aqy nihrU dy vqIry dy bwvjUd AkwlI dl qy kWgrs iek`Ty cldy rhy „isvl nw &urmwnI‟ dI ihmwieq bwry mqw pws kIqw[ ies vyly AkwlI dl dw prDwn qyjw isµG AkrpurI sI[ 31 dsµbr 1940 ƒ AkwlI kwn&rµs &iqhgVH ivc hoeI[ ies ivc igAwnI krqwr isµG, eISr isµG mJYl Awidk ny kWgrsI rol ƒ nw-psµd krn sbµDI qkrIrW kIqIAW[ mwstr AjIq isµG AµbwlvI ny ikhw ik „„Aihµsw is`K isDWqW dy ivru`D hY[ is`K gurUAW ny keI vwrI Awpxy isDWqW dI rwKI vwsqy Aqy zwlm nwl mukwblw krn vwsqy ihMsw (qwkq dI vrqoN) kIqI hY[”

kuJ is`K AwgUAW ny gWDI dy i^lw& ibAwn zrUr id`qy pr auh vI nrm-nrm ijhy pr ies dy bwvjUd auh gWDI nUM Awpxw lIfr mMndy rhy[ eynI kU sUJ sI AkwlI AwgUAW ivc ik auh Awpxw gu`Jw duSmx vI nhIN sn pihcwxdy qy nw hI auh jurAq rKdy sn ik ieho ijhy dMBI, byeImwn qy DoKybwz nUM r`d kr skdy[ sB qoN AjIb rol sI Amr isMG Jbwl, aUDm isMG nwgoky, mMgl isMG ig`l, hIrw isMG drd vrgy AwgUAW dw, joo ies sB kuJ dy bwvjUd gWDI nUM hI sB kuJ mMndy sn qy aunHW nUM aus dw i&rkU qy AYNtI-is`K rol vI JMJoVdw nhIN sI[ ieh hwlq sI Aihmk is`K cODrIAW dI[ ieh lok mUrKwnw h`d q`k kWgrs qy gWDI dI pYrokwrI hI nhIN cwplUsI qk krdy sn[

ies mgroN vI gWDI Aksr is`KW Aqy ikrpwn bwry boilAw krdw sI[ aus ny Awpxy prcy hrIjn dy 5 Aqy 12 julweI 1942 AMkW ivc SryAwm ikrpwn dy i^lw& iliKAw[ kWgrs pwrtI ivc is`K-ivroDI qy i&rkU mwhOl dI h`d qW ieQoN qk sI ik sMn 1945 ivc kWgrs sYNtrl pwrtI dy cI& iv`p ny mµgl isµG AYm.pI. ƒ ie`QoN qk hukm jwrI kIqw sI ik auh AsYNblI ivc is`KW bwry svwl nw pu`iCAw kry[ ies ‟qy AkwlI dl ny aus ƒ ApozISn ivc bYTx Aqy is`K h`kW sbµDI AkwlI dl dI pwlsI Anuswr clx vwsqy ikhw[

15 Agsq 1947 qoN bwAd gWDI isr& swFy pMj mhIny hI jIivAw pr aus ny ies dOrwn drjnW vwr is`KW dy i^lw& GtIAw iksm dy bol boly[ ies dIAW kuJ imswlW hwizr hn:

iek vwr aus ny is`KW nUM ihMdU ikhw Aqy nwl hI kihx l`gw ik: is`KW nUM vKrw Drm qW mYkwly (auh Swied kinMGm kihxw cwhuMdw sI) ny ikqwb ilK ky bxwieAw sI[ gWDI dy l&zW ivc: ieh swrw mYkwly ny KVw kIqw sI[ auh ieiqhwskwr qW sI hI nhIN[ aus ny is`KW nUM Alg Drm kihx dI zihr PYlweI ijs nUM hr iek ny ingl ilAw[ (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 88, s&y 4-5)[

gRMQ swihb kI hY, ieh qW ihMdU SwSqrW ‟qy ADwrq hY[…ieh is`KW dw svw lwK kI mzwk hY[ AYtm bMb dy ies zmwny ivc is`KW dI ikrpwn iek zMgwl l`gw hiQAwr hY[ (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 89, s&w 284)[

ijs qrHW lok ikrpwn pihxI iPrdy hn; ieh iek jMglI vrqwrw hY (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 89, s&y 274)[

is`K kihMdy hn ik auh pRIvI kONsl dy &Ysly muqwibk iksy vI sweIz dI ikrpwn pihx skdy hn[ hux ihMdUAW dI hkUmq hY qy pRIvI kONsl dw &Yslw ^qm ho cukw hY

(gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 90, s&w 72-73)[

iek is`K jy svw l`K hY qW auh duSmx nUM mu`ikAW nwl hI mwr skdw hY, ikrpwn dI kI loV hY[

gurU nwnk ny kdy nhIN sI ikhw ik mYN ihMdU nhIN, nw hI iksy hor gurU ny Aijhw ikhw[ is`K, ihMdU, boDI, jYnI DrmW nUM Alg nhIN mMinAw jw skdw[ ieh swry ies ihMdU Drm dIAW Sw^wvW hn[ ihMdU Drm iek smuMdr hY ijs ivc swry dirAw smw jWdy hn (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 90, s&w 177)[

mYN quhwfw gRMQ swihb pVHdw hW pr mYN ieh quhwnUM ^uS krn vwsqy nhIN pVHdw[ nw hI Aijhw krn vwsqy mYnUM quhwfI iejwzq dI loV hY[ pr gurU jI ny ikqy vI nhIN ikhw ik quhwnUM dwVHI zrUr augwauxI cwhIdI hY qy ikrpwn zrUr cu`kxI cwhIdI hY[ (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 90, s&w 470)[

mOlwxw Awzwd (jo swrI aumr gWDI dw v&wdwr irhw qy muslmwx aus nUM “SoA buAwey Aw& kWgrs” ikhw krdy sn) ny vI AwpxI ikqwb ieMfIAw ivnz &rIfm (ies dy aunHW 30 si&AW ivc jo aus dI mOq qoN qIh swl mgroN Cwpy gey sn) ivc gWDI qy nihrU dI i&rkwprsqI dw prdw &wS kIqw hY[

gWDI is`K Drm dy i^lw& AijhI GtIAw bolI Aksr boldw hI rihMdw sI pr byZYrq kWgrsI „is`K‟ vzIrIAW qy hor lwlcW kwrn ieh sB kuJ cup kr ky sux lYNdy sn qy kMn bMd kr lYNdy sn qy kbUqr vWg ib`lI vyK ky A`KW mIt lYNdy sn qy gUMgy bxy rihMdy sn[ ^ws kr ky pRqwp isMG kYroN, mMgl isMG ig`l, Amr isMG Jbwl, svrn isMG jlMDr, guridAwl isMG iF`loN, zYl isMG, aUDm isMG nwgoky, drSn isMG PyrUmwn vZYrw qW ies zlwlq nUM im`Tw kr ky pINdy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMfw isMG, fwktr

fwktr gMfw isMG (15.11.1901 – 27.12.1987) dw jnm hirAwxw (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny muFlI pVHweI huiSAwrpur qoN hwisl kIqI qy iPr AY&.sI. kwlj lwhOr ivc dwi^l ho igAw[ sMn 1919 ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ ies nOkrI dorwn auh m`D eySIAw Aqy ierwn ivc igAw[ ies dOrwn aus dI mulwkwq Awrnlf tI. ivlsn nwl hoeI ijs ny aus dy mn ivc ieiqhws sbMDI KOj dw SOk pYdw kr id`qw[ ies mgroN aus ny &wrsI, ArbI, sMsikRq zubwnW is`KIAW[sMn 1931 ivc aus nUM Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc ‘is`K ihstrI ifpwrtmYNt’ dw muKI lw id`qw igAw[ ies dorwn aus ny kwlj ivc is`K ihstrI dI iek kImqI lwiebryrI vI kwiem kIqI Aqy Koj dw kMm vI kIqw[ sMn 1949 ivc aus nUM pMjwb styt AwrkweIvz dw fwierYktr lw id`qw igAw[ ies dorwn aus ny ihstrI dI pI-AYc.fI. kr leI[ ies mgroN aus nuM pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAlw ivc ‘pMjwb ihstorIkl st`fIz’ ifpwrtmYNt dw muKI lw id`qw igAw[sMn 1967 ivc aus ny ‘pMjwb- pwst AYNf prYzMt’ Koj rswlw SurU kIqw ijs ivc bhuq kImqI Koj lyK CipAw krdy sn[sMn 1974 ivc AlIgVH musilm XUnIvristI ny Aqy sMn 1978 ivc pMjwbI XUnIvristI ny aus nUM fI. ilt. dI ifgrI dy ky snminAw[ pMjwb srkwr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI Aqy hor keI AdwirAW ny vI aus nUM snmwn id`qy[ fw gMfw isMG ny is`K ieiqhws sbMDI bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW ilKIAW ijnHW ivc hyT ilKIAW vI Swiml hn: dIvwn kOVw m`l bhwdur, s. Swm isMG AtwrIvwlw, kUikAW dI iviQAw, is`K ieiqhws bwry, is`K ieiqhws v`l, pMjwb auqy AMgryzW dw kbzw, bMdw isMG bhwdur, gurduAwrw ShId gMj lwhOr, mhrwjw rxjIq isMG, Aihmd Swh du`rwnI Awid[ aus ny keI ikqwbW dw sMpwdn vI kIqw ijvyN: hukmnwmy, gur soBw, BweI nMd lwl gRMQvwlI, BweI joD isMG AiBnMdn gRMQ, Amr nwmw, sm kwn&IfYMSl pyprz Aw& AkwlI mUvmYNt, pRweIvyt kwrYspONfYNs irlyitMg tU AYNglo-is`K vwrz, ibblIEgrw&I Aw& pMjwb Awidk.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMfw isMG Jbwl

ijnHW is`KW ny 29 dsMbr 1705 dy idn iKdrwxy dI Fwb ’qy Shwdq pweI sI  BweI gMfw isMG aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ gMfw isMG Jbwl dw rihx vwlw sI[ 28 dsMbr 1705 dy idn mwJy dy ksby p`tI qoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ƒ imlx gey 40 isMGW qy iek bIbI vwly jQy ivc auh vI Swiml sn[gMfw isMG ny bwkI cwlHIAW nwl ipMf rUpyAwxw dI rohI (hux vwly mlHx soFIAW ipMf) ivc 29 dsMbr dI svyr vyly gurU swihb dy drSn krn dw mwx hwisl kIqw sI[ ies mOky ’qy Bwg isMG JbwlIey vloN qYS ivc Aw ky gurU swihb qoN sbMD qoVn dw &Yslw krn Aqy aus vloN ilKy “pMcwieqI bydwvy” au~qy ijnHW cohW isMGW ny dsq^q kIqy sn, gMfw isMG aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ ienHW cOhW Jbwl vwsIAW qoN ielwvw hor iksy ny vI ies pMcwieqI bydwvy ’qy dsq^q nhIN kIqy sn[ ies qoN jwpdw hY ik gMfw isMG jW qW Bwg isMG idlbwg isMG dw irSqydwr jW koeI nzdIkI jW swQI sI, Aqy jW iPr aus ny JbwlIAw hox kr ky ielwky dy eyky vjoN dsq^q kIqy hoxgy[

iesy idn iKdrwxy dI Fwb ’qy muZl &Oj nwl hoeI lVweI ivc A`gy ho ky lVn vwilAW ivc gMfw isMG vI sI[ auh bVI dlyrI qy joS nwl liVAw Aqy aus ny duSmxW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ aus ny AwpxI ikrpwn dI ipAws keI muZl &OjIAW dy ^Un nwl buJweI[ ieM\ jUJdw-jUJdw gMfw isMG vI ShId ho igAw[ aus dw sskwr gurU swihb ny Awpxy h`QW nwl AglI svyr 30 dsMbr 1705 ƒ kIqw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)