ibkRmwjIq/ibkRmwidqX

ieh aujYn dy rwjw grdiBl dw pu`qr sI[ ipqw dI moq mgroN ieh aujYn (iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ pwtlIpuqr/ptnw) dw rwjw bixAw sI[ ies bwry irvwieq hY ik ieh ivdvwnW Aqy klwkwrW dw bVw v`fw kdrdwn sI[ irvwieq muqæwibkæ AmrisMh, kwlIdws, vrruic, Amr isMh, DnvMqrI vYd, kSpxk, vyqwl B`t, Gtkrpr, SMku qy vrwhimhr ies dy drbwr dy nON rqn sn (hwlW ik ieh shI nhIN hY ikauN ik ienHW ivcoN keI nW klipq hn Aqy keIAW dw iek dUjy nwloN kwl dw bhuq &rk hY)[

iek ivcwr muqæwibkæ ieh Asl nW ivkRmwidq hY: ivkRm=bhwdurI +Awidq@X =sUrj, Xwin ‘bhwdrI dw sUrj’[ ieh v`fy pRqwpI rwijAW dI aupwDI hoieAw krdI sI[ qvwrI^ ivc keI gupq rwijAW dI aupwDI ivkRmwidq sI, ijvyN: mgD dw cMdrgupq, kwTIAwvwV dw skMdgupq, kSmIr dy rwjw rxwidqX dw pu`qr Awidk.

 

ibkrmI/ibkRmI (sMmq)

irvwieq muqæwibkæ aujYn dy rwjw ibkRmwidq (ivkRmwidq) ny sMn 57 (purwxw kwl) ivc Awpxy nW ’qy nvW sMmq SurU kIqw sI (Xwin jdoN grYgorIAn sMn 1 sI qW ies ibkrmI sMmq dw sMn 58 sI)[ ies ny ieh sMmq S`k kOm Aqy rwjw swilvwhn nUM hrw ky mulk ’qy kbzw krn dI ^uSI ivc clwieAw sI[

Al brUnI (sMn 973-1048) muqæwibkæ jdoN auh ihMd ivc AwieAw sI qW ie`Qy pMj sMmq cl rhy sn: hrS, v`lB, gupq rwijAw dy sMmq Aqy ivkRmwidqIAw (sMn 57), Sk (sMn 78)[ pr, nOvIN sdI qoN ivkRmI (ibkrmI) smMq dw nW vDyry cl ipAw sI.

ibkrm isMG &rIdkot

ibkrm isMG (jnvrI 1842 – 8.8.1898) Awpxy ipqw vzIr isMG dI moq mgroN sMn 1874 ivc &rIdkot irAwsq dw rwjw bixAw sI[ auh pMjwb dw pihlw rwjw sI ijs ny sMn 1875 ivc brqwnvI pRxwlI hyT AdwlqW kwiem kIqIAW sn[ sMn 1881 ivc aus ny fwk mihkmw vI SurU kIqI sI Aqy fwk itktW CwpIAW sn[ aus ny &rIdkot, Qwnysr qy AMimRqsr ivc sdwbrq (ZrIbW vwsqy lMgr) vI SurU kIqy sn[ aus ny keI skUl vI KolHy sn[ sMn 1877 ivc trMp dw gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw Cpx ’qy au~Ty ieqrwzW kwrn aus ny inrmilAW nUM gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw krn dw pRwjYkt vI sONipAw sI (jo aus dI mOq mgroN aus dy pu`qr Aqy poqy ny CpvwieAw sI)[ rwxI ivktorIAw dI islvr jublI dy nW ’qy aus ny 14 Agsq 1897 dy idn drbwr swihb AMimRqsr ivc ibjlI lwaux vwsqy iek l`K rupY dyx dw AYlwn kIqw sI[ aus ny l`KI jMgl, gurU sr, sRIngr Aqy irAwsq ivc keI QWvW ’qy gurduAwry vI bxvwey sn[ ibkrmw isMG mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nwl vI hmdrdI rKdw sI[ auh pMjwb XUnIvristI lwhOr dw &Ylo vI sI[ ibkrmw isMG dw iek n&I p`K vI sI[ auh Kym isMG bydI vWg gurU gRM Q swihb dI hzUrI ivc gdyly ’qy bYTx dw SOkIn sI[ iek vwr pRo. gurmuK isMG ny aus dw gdylw cuk ky bwhr su`t id`qw sI, ijs kr ky auh gurmuK isMG dy bhuq i^lw& ho igAw sI[ aus ny Kym isMG bydI nwl imlky gurmuK isMG nUM AKOqI qOr ’qy pMQ ivcoN ‘Kwirj’ krn dI kwrvweI vI krvweI sI.

ibkrmw isMG kpUrQlw

kMvr ibkrm isMG (1835- 8.5.1887), pu`qr rwxI hIrW* Aqy rwjw inhwl isMG Aqy poqw &qh isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, dw jnm kpUrQlw ivc hoieAw sI[ auh rwjw inhwl isMG dw Cotw pu`qr sI, ies kr ky auh rwjw nhIN sI bx sikAw Aqy v`fw Sihzwdw rxDIr isMG rwjw bixAw sI; hwlWik rwjw inhwl isMG cwhuMdw sI ik ibkrm isMG q^q ’qy bYTy, pr ibRitS srkwr ny rxDIr isMG dw pK ilAw sI[

{*jlMDr Sihr dw mweI hIrW gyt iesy dy nW ’qy bixAw hoieAw hY; audoN ieh jlMDr dy iklHy dw gyt sI}.

ibRitS srkwr v`loN krvwey smJOqy hyT ibkrm isMG SwhI pYnSn lY ky kpUrQlw C`f ky jlMDr Aw visAw sI; aus dI mwqw hIrW vI aus dy nwl Aw vsI sI[ aus ny jlMDr ivc Awpxw mihl bxw ky aus dy duAwly ibkrmpurw muh`lw vswieAw sI[ jdoN jlMDr imaUNspl borf bixAw sI qW aus nUM ies dw pRDwn bxwieAw igAw sI[ kpUrQlw irAwsq dI AvD (XU. pI.) ivc jwgIr ivc vI aus dw ih`sw sI[ rwjw rxDIr isMG ny iek smJOqy hyT ies dy bdly aus nUM XU. pI. ivc hI sIqwpur qy brylI dI jwgIr dy id`qI sI[

kMvr ibkrm isMG pMjwbI, &wrsI, sMsikRq qy aurdU zbwnW dw cMgw mwihr sI[ aus ny ‘aupmw sr’ gRMQ dI rcnw vI kIqI sI[ auh sMgIq dw bhuq pRymI sI Aqy sMn 1857 dy Zdr ivc aus ny muZl drbwr dy gv`eIAW dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI qy aunHW nUM Awpxy drbwr ivc pnwh id`qI sI[ iesy qoN ‘kpUrQlw klwsIkl sMgIq Grwnw’ dI SurUAwq hoeI sI[ ibkrmw isMG nUM iemwrqW bxwaux dw vI bhuq SOk sI[ aus ny kpUrQlw ivc &rYNc klw ’qy ADwrq ‘AYlIsI mhl’ bxvwieAw sI[ aus nUM vyK ky hI mgroN aus dy BqIjy jgqjIq isMG (puqr rwjw rxDIr isMG) ny Awpxw mihl ‘jgqjIq pYls’ bxwieAw sI[

Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr dI kwiemI ivc aus dw vI bhuq rol sI[ pihlI AkqUbr 1873 dy idn jd isMG sBw kwiem hoeI qW ieh aus dy moFIAW ivc Swiml sI[ auh pRo. gurmuK isMG Aqy igAwnI idq isMG dw muK sRprsq sI[ aus dI mdd nwl lwhOr ivc ‘Kwlsw pRYs’ lweI geI sI qy sMn 1886 ivc iesy pRYs qoN ‘Kwlsw A^bwr’ SurU kIqw igAw sI[ jdoN Kym iMmG bydI toly ny igAwnI id`q isMG dI rcnw ‘svpn nwtk’ dy nW ’qy aus ’qy muk`dmw kIqw qW aus smyN igAwnI id`q isMG vwsqy vkIl dw ^rc iesy ny hI kIqw sI[ kMvr ibkrm isMG dy do pu`qr sn: kMvr pRqwp isMG K.C.S.I (ky.sI.AYs.AweI.) Aqy rwjw sr dljIq isMG K.B.E. (ky.bI.eI.).

ibkrm isMG bydI

ibkrm isMG bydI (7.3.1813 – 1863) swihb isMG bydI dw Cotw pu`qr sI[ ieh gurU nwnk swihb dy pu`qr lKmI dws dI pIVHI ivcoN sI[ sMn 1829 ivc ies dI SwdI bihblpur dy kwhn isMG dI bytI nwl hoeI sI[ sMn 1834 ivc ipqw dI mOq mgroN aUny vwlI jwiedwd ies dy ih`sy ivc AweI sI[ ieh nOrMgwbwd dy bwbw bIr isMG dw pRsMsk sI Aqy aus qoN hI ies ny pwhul hwisl kIqI sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy aus dy vwirsW nwl ies dy cMgy sbMD sn[ sMn 1840 ivc mhwrwjw Syr isMG Aqy sMDwvwlIAW ivckwr smJOqw iesy ny hI krvw ky Syr isMG nUM mhwrwjw bxvwieAw sI[ Syr isMG ny ies nUM iqMn iklHy Aqy keI ipMf jwgIr vjoN id`qy sn[ ies dI kul Awmdn 2 l`K rupY swlwnw sI[ sMn 1845-46 ivc AMgRyzW nwl lVweI dOrwn ies ny luiDAwxw ivc AMgRyzW dI CwvxI ’qy kbzw krn ivc rxjoD isMG dw swQ id`qw sI[ ies lVweI ivc ij`qx mgroN jdoN AMgRyzW ny doAwby dy ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qW aunHW ny ies dI jwgIr zbq kr leI sI qy ies dw aUnw vwlw iklHw vI Fwh id`qw sI[ sMn 1848 ivc ies ny cqr isMG AtwrIvwlw dw swQ id`qw sI[ ies ny cyilAWvwlw Aqy gujrwq dIAW lVweIAW ivc ^ud Awp ih`sw ilAw sI[ gujrwq dI lVweI ivc is`KW dI hwr mgroN aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky AMimRqsr ivc kæYd kr id`qw igAw sI, ij`Qy sMn 1863 ivc ies dI mOq ho geI sUI.

ibhwrI, BweI

BweI ibhwrI mWfn dw pu`qr, aUdw dw poqw, nwQU dw pVpoqw Aqy jlHw dw pV-pVpoqw sI[ ieh pirvwr rwTOr rwjpUq kOm nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn jdoN Bgvwn dws GyrV Aqy aus dy jvweI krm cMd (puqr cMdU) ny gurU hirgoibMd swihb au~qy ruhIlw (hux hirgibMdpur) ivc hmlw kIqw sI qW ieh aunHW nwl ft ky liVAw sI[ ies lVweI ivc hmlwvr &Oj dy keI jxy mwrn mgroN ieh Awp vI mwirAw igAw sI[ ies dy nwl hI ies dw ipqw mWfn vI mwirAw igAw sI[ ibhwrI dw iek Brw suKIAw BweI mnI isMG dI BUAw mlUkI (BweI b`lU dI lVkI) nwl ivAwihAw hoieAw sI.

ibDI cMd surisMGIAw

ieh ipMf surisMG (hux izlHw qrnqwrn, pihlW izlHw AMimRqsr qy sMn 1947 qoN pihlW izlHw lwhOr) dy CInw goq dy v`sx dw pu`qr Aqy iB`KI dw poqw sI (sur isMG AMimRqsr qoN 34 iklomItr dUr hY)[ ies dy nwnky srhwlI (hux izlHw qrnqwrn, pihlW izlHw AMimRqsr) rihMdy sn[ ieh bVw au~cw lMmw, ^UbsUrq qy idlyr sI[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ jvwnI ivc ies dI sMgq corW fwkUAW nwl ho geI sI Aqy ieh vI corIAW krn Aqy fwky mwrn lg ipAw sI[ iek vwr ieh BweI AdlI nW dy iek is`K nwl c`k-gurU (hux AMimRqsr) igAw sI Aqy gurU Arjn swihb dy drSn kIqy sn[ ies sMgq ny ies dy jIvn nUM bdl id`qw sI Aqy ieh gurU drbwr dw syvwdwr bx igAw sI[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny &Oj bxweI sI qW ieh aus ivc Swiml hoieAw sI Aqy iek j`Qy dw muKI bixAw sI[ ies ny c`k-gurU (AMimRqsr) dI lVweI (13 ApRYl 1634) Aqy hor lVweIAW ivc vI ih`sw ilAw sI[

ibDIcMd dy vwirsW muqæwibkæ ies dw ipAwr kIrqpur dy nyVy dy ipMf kilAwxpur dy sWeIN bu`Fx Swh Aqy dyau ngr (AXoiDAw dy nyVy gomqI dirAw dy kMFy ’qy iek ipMf) dy suMdr Swh (jo muslmwn sI) nwl ies dw bhuq ipAwr sI[ aus ny AwpxI izMdgI dy Aw^rI idn suMdr Swh dy ipMf dyau ngr ivc ibqwey sn[ irvwieq muqæwibkæ aunHW dohW dI mOq ie`ko idn BwdoN sudI 3, sMmq 1695 (14 Agsq 1640) dy idn hoeI sI Aqy aus dw sskwr au~Qy hI kIqw igAw sI qy smwD bxw id`qI geI sI[ mgroN ibDI cMd dw iek BqIjw lwl cMd dyaungr igAw sI Aqy au~QoN ibDIcMd dI smwD qoN kuJ rwK lY AwieAw sI aus ny iek smwD ipMf sur isMG ivc vI bxw id`qI sI[ ibDI cMd nwl kuJ kwlpink khwxIAW vI juVIAW hoeIAW hn ijnHW ivcoN muK khwxI aus v`loN lwhOr dy iklHy ivcoN do GoiVAW nUM (khwxI muqæwibkæ ieh GoVy lwhOr dy sUbydwr ny kwbl dy iek is`K b^q m`l qoN Koh ley sn) k`F ky ilAwaux vwlI khwxI muK hY [ ieh khwxI kvI sMqoK isMG dI klpnw jwpdI hY (q&sIl vyKo: b^q m`l).

ibDI cMd hMdwlIAw

ieh jMifAwlw dy hMdwl dw pu`qr (jW poqw) sI[ ies pirvwr vwly nwQ jogIAW dI iek g`dI dy g`dIdwr sn[ ies ny iek jnmswKI ‘BweI bwly vwlI jnmswKI’ ilKI sI ijs dw mksd gurU nwnk swihb nUM CuitAwauxw Aqy hMdwl nUM v`fw mhWpurK idKwauxw sI[ kuJ ivdvwnW dw ivcwr hY ik ho skdw hY ik koeI ‘jnmswKI’ pihlW mOjUd hovy Aqy ies ny aus nUM hwisl kr ky aus ivc bdlI kr ky nvIN jnmswKI ilK ky AslI nUM nSt kr id`qw hvy[ dUjw ivcwr ieh hY ik ‘BweI bwly vwlI jnmswKI’ koeI nhIN sI Aqy ieh isr& iesy ^wndwn dI GwVq hY. hor vyKo: inrMjnIey. hor vyKo: Awkl dws, hMdwl.

ib`CU rwm

ieh gurU hr shwie (izlHw &wizlkw) dy Qwxy dw ieMcwrj sI[ AkwlI dl ny AwpxIAW mMgW dy h`k ivc 4 ApRYl 1983 dy idn pMjwb ivc ‘rsqw roko’ idn mnwieAw sI Aqy swrIAW sVkW jwm kr id`qIAW sn[ ib`CU rwm ny ies mOky ’qy kuJ AkwlIAW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw sI; ienHW ivc lihrI isMG nW dw iek is`K vI sI[ ib`CU rwm ny AwpxI dihSq dw iezhwr krn vwsqy lihrI isMG dI dwVHI Awp kYNcI PV ky k`t id`qI sI Aqy ikhw sI ‘jwh hux Awpxy gurU nUM bulw , vyKW auh myrw kI ivgwVdw hY’[ ies ’qy KwVkUAW ny 18 dsMbr 1983 dy idn ibCU rwm nUM aus dy Qwxy ivc hI kql kr id`qw sI.

bIro/vIro, bIbI

bIbI vIro gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI bytI sI[ ies dw jnm 11 julweI 1626 dy idn mwqw dmodrI dI ku`K qoN hoieAw sI[ bIbI vIro dI SwdI BweI swDU (pu`qr Drmw Koslw) vwsI m`lw ipMf (izlHw &rIdkot) nwl 14 ApRYl 1634 dy idn Jbwl ivc hoeI sI[ vIro ny pMj pu`qrW (sMgo Swh, gulwb cMd, jIq m`l, gMgw rwm, mwhrI cMd) nUM jnm id`qw sI[ ieh swry gurU goibMd isMG jI dI &Oj ivc Swiml sn[ BMgwxI dI lVweI (18 sqMbr 1688) ivc ieh swry &qh Swh (rwjw gVHvwl) dy i^lw& hoeI lVweI ivc Swiml hoey sn[ ies lVweI ivc sMgo Swh Aqy jIq m`l dI mOq ho geI sI.

iBrweI/ivrweI

1. gurU nwnk swihb dI s`s Aqy mwqw sul`KxI dI mW dw nW
2. iek iBrweI gurU AMgd swihb dI BUAw qy bwbw PyrU dI BYx sI[ auh KfUr vwsI BweI mihmw Kihrw nwl ivAwhI hoeI sI[ ikqy aus dw nW vIrwrI (Swied ‘vIr’ vwlI qoN; auN\ iBrweI vI ‘Brw’ qoN hI bixAw jwpdw hY) qy iPrweI (Swied ‘PyrU’ dI BYx qoN) vI iliKAw imldw hY[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ jd gurU nwnk swihb ny gurU AMgd swihb nUM g`dI sONpx dw AYlwn kIqw qW aus mgroN auh (gurU AMgd) KfUr ivc Aw ky kuJ mhIny AwpxI BUAw kol rhy sn qy gurU nwnk swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux smyN au~Qy hI sn Aqy au~QoN hI bwbw bu`Fw qy hor is`K aunHW nUM lY ky krqwrpur gey sn[ pr ieh khwxI shI nhIN jwpdI ikauN gurg`dI imlx qoN pihlW qW s`q swl gurU AMgd swihb au~Qy rihMdy hn pr nwmzdgI mgroN auh (gurU AMgd) au~QoN cly jWdy hn, jd ik bwbw bu`Fw qy hor is`K qW krqwrpur rihMdy d`sy gey hn[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik iksy ny BUAw BqIjy dw ipAwr drswaux vwsqy ieh khwxI GV leI hovy.

BIm cMd

BIm cMd (? – 16.9.1692) kihlUr irAwsq (iblwspur) dI rwxI cMpw Aqy rwjw dIp cMd dw pu`qr (qwrw cMd dw poqw Aqy kilAwx cMd dw pVpoqw) sI[ 27 ApRYl 1665 dy idn rwjw dIp cMd dI mOq ho geI sI[ aus dI AMqm Ardws ivc Swiml hx vwsqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb iblwspur pu`jy sn[ ies mgroN rwxI cMpw dI Arz ‟qy gurU jI ny c`k nwnkI ipMf (hux AnMdpur swihb dw ih`sw) vswieAw sI[ jd qk rwxI cMpw ijaUNdI rhI sI, ieh pirvwr gurU qyZ bhwdr siwhb Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI dw swidk irhw sI[ ijs vyly vI rwxI cMpw qy BIm cMd gurU jI nUM Xwd krdy sn gurU jI aunHW kol phuMc jWdy sn[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ sMn 1685 ivc BIm cMd dy lVky Ajmyr cMd dI SwdI hoeI qW aus ny gurU jI qoN prswdI h`QI (jo rwjw rqn cMd gurU jI vwsqy Awswm qoN lY ky AwieAw sI) mMigAw pr gurU jI ny nWh kr id`qI sI[ ies ‟qy rwjw iv`tr igAw sI[ aus dy bdly vqIry nUM vyK ky gurU jI c`k nwnkI C`f ky pwauNtw (isrmOr irAwsq) cly gey sn Aqy ApRYl 1685 qoN AkqUbr 1688 qk au~Qy rhy sn[ ies dOrwn rwxI cMpw Aqy BIm cMd ny Arz kr-kr ky gurU jI nUM c`k nwnkI muV prqn vwsqy mnw ilAw sI[

nvMbr 1688 ivc gurU jI dy muV Awaux nwl c`k nwnkI ivc Pyr rOxkW SurU ho geIAW sn[ rwxI cMpw ƒ jdoN gurU swihb dw nwhn irAwsq qoN c`k nwnkI Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW auh bhuq KuS hoeI sI[ auh keI swlW qoN gurU swihb dy drSnW ƒ qWG rhI sI[ aumr v`loN vI auh bhuq vfyrI ho cu`kI sI[ ijauN hI aus ƒ gurU swihb dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw, aus ny Awpxy vzIr Byj ky gurU swihb ƒ iblwspur Awaux dI Arz kIqI sI[ ^q imlidAW hI gurU swihb iblwspur gey sn[ jdoN rwxI ƒ gurU swihb dy Awaux dw pqw l`gw qW auh Awpxy pu`qr rwjw BIm cMd ƒ lY ky gurU swihb ƒ jI AwieAW AwKx vwsqy ngr dy drvwzy qk phuMcI sI[ pMj idn gurU jI iblwspur rhy sn qy Pyr c`k nwnkI prq Aweyy sn[

29 mwrc 1689 dy idn iblwspur dI rwxI cMpw Awpxy pu`qr BIm cMd ƒ lY ky c`k nwnkI ivc AweI sI[ c`k nwnkI ivc keI idn BrpUr rOxkW rhIAW sn[ rwxI cMpw ny gurU swihb ƒ Arz kIqI sI ik auh muV ky aus qoN dUr nw jwx Aqy jy gurU swihb mihsUs krdy hn ik c`k nwnkI dI jgHw QoVI hY qW gurU swihb iek nvW ipMf vsw lYx[ rwxI cMpw ny nvyN ngr vwsqy zmIn Ardws krvwaux dI ^wihS vI zwihr kIqI sI qy ikhw sI ik gurU swihb cwhux qW AwpxI irAwsq dI ih&wzq vwsqy iklyH vI iqAwr krvw lYx[

aus vyly (sMn 1689 ivc) c`k nwnkI dI h`d brswqI ndI crn gMgw (jo hux ^qm ho cukI hY) Aqy mOjUdw kysgVH swihb ivckwr sI[ ies dy nyVy hI gurU swihb ny nvW ipMf bnHxw SurU kIqw sI[ gurU swihb ny rwxI koloN shotw, mIAWpur, lOdIpur, mwKoAwl, AgMmpurw Aqy qwrwgVH dI zmIn ^rId leI[ pihloN qW rwxI ny AwiKAw sI ik auh zmIn Ardws krwauxw cwhuMdI hY qy ies dI kImq nhIN lvygI[ pr jdoN gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik auh is`K-ngr vswaux vwsqy zmIn mu&q nhIN lYxgy qW rwxI ƒ kbUl krnw ipAw sI[

mwrc 1691 ivc lwhOr dy gvrnr v`loN Al& ^wn dI AgvweI ‟c ByjI &Oj ny phwVI rwijAW ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ lwhOr dIAW &OjW kWgVy vwly pwsy v`l vD rhIAW sn[ ies mOky ‟qy phwVI rwijAW ny rwjw BIm cMd rwhIN gurU swihb ƒ ^q Byj ky muZlW dy hmly dy i^lw& mdd mMgI sI[ gurU swihb ny dIvwn nMd cMd, Drm cMd (isMG) iCbr, BweI mnI rwm (isMG), BweI Awlm cMd (isMG) „n`cxw‟ Aqy hor jrnYlW dI AgvweI ivc &Oj ƒ ndOx v`l kUc krn dw hukm id`qw sI[ AnMdgVH qoN cl ky is`K &OjW dw j`Qw ndOx jw pu`jw sI[ 19 mwrc 1691 dy idn bVI zbrdsq lVweI hoeI sI[ Al& ^wn dI &Oj dy sB qoN qæwkæqvr j`Qy dy i^lw&, is`K jrnYl f`t ky lVy sn[ dohW pwisAW qoN bhwdrW ny ^Ub jOhr idKwey sn[ Drm cMd, mnI rwm, mUl cMd kMboj, sohn cMd prmwr vrgy is`K jrnYlW dy qIrW dI vwCV ny Al& ^wn dI &Oj dy hOsly Fwh id`qy sn[ sUrj Cup jwx mgroN Al& ^wn dI &Oj ip`Cy v`l B`jxI SurU ho geI sI[ phwVI &OjW ny Al& ^wn dI B`jI jWdI &Oj dw dUr qk ip`Cw kIqw sI[ ndOx dI lVweI ivc cMd (Brw mnI isMG), mUl cMd (pu`qr BweI rGupiq rwie in`Jr kMboj) Aqy hor is`K mwry gey sn[

lMmI aumr Bog ky, iblwspur dI mhwrwxI cMpw, 12 meI 1691 dy idn cVHweI kr geI sI[ rwxI cMpw dw gurU swihb nwl bVw ipAwr sI[ rwxI dI sqwrHvIN 27 meI dy idn sI[ gurU goibMd isMG jI AwpxI dwdI mwqw nwnkI, pirvwr Aqy muKI is`KW ƒ nwl lY ky iblwspur gey sn[ gurU jI iqMn idn au~Qy rhy Aw^rI rsmW mgroN AnMdpur muV Awey sn[

mwrc 1692 ivc rwjw BIm cMd ny phwV dIAW bweI DwrW dy rwijAW dw iek`T bulwieAw sI[ ndOx dI lVweI mgroN muZl srkwr dy hox vwly hmilAW dy fr hyT rih rhy phwVI rwijAW ny gurU swihb dI srpRsqI hwisl krn dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI sI[ mwrc 1692 dy Aw^rI h&qy gurU swihb iblwspur qy mMfI v`l gey sn[ 29 mwrc dy idn rvwlsr ‟c swry phwVI rwjy iek`Ty hoey[ aunHW dI sdwrq gurU swihb ny kIqI sI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ XkIn idvwieAw ik “jy qusIN muZlW dI ZulwmI ivc nw rihxw cwho qW mYN quhwfI inghbwnI qy srpRsqI krn vwsqy iqAwr hW[” swry rwijAW ny gurU swihb dy hukm ƒ mMnx dw vwAdw kIqw sI[ gurU swihb kuJ idn rvwlsr rhy sn qy Pyr ndOx, kWgVw huMdy hoey purmMfl (dyvk dirAw dy kMFy), jMmU, c`k-kwnHw, rwmgVH iKrVI, sWbw, pTwnkot, huiSAwrpur ‟c sMgqW ƒ drSn dyNdy hoey vwips AnMdpur Aw gey sn[ gurU swihb dy Awaux dw pqw l`gx ‟qy sMgqW dy kw&ly Pyr AnMdpur v`l Awauxy SurU ho gey sn[

16 isqMbr 1692 dy idn rwjw BIm cMd vI cVHweI kr igAw sI[ aus dI AMiqm rsm 3 AkqUbr 1692 dy idn sI[ BIm cMd dI sqwrHvIN dy sbMD ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI AwpxI dwdI mwqw nwnkI, Awpxy pirvwr, caupiq rwie qy kuJ muKI is`KW ƒ lY ky iblwspur gey sn[

BIm cMd dI mOq mgroN Ajmyr cMd hux pUrI qrHW Awpxy vzIr pMifq prmwnMd dy Asr hyTW Aw igAw sI[ ies nwl hI iblwspur irAwsq Aqy is`KW dy sbMDW ivc qryV AwauxI SurU ho geI sI. hor vyKo: kilAwx cMd, cMpw rwxI, iblwspur.

iB`KW, bIbI

bIbI iB`KW ny 6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ipMf J`KIAW (srsw ndI dy kMFy) dI jUh ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ bIbI iB`KW BweI bjr isMG dI bytI, BweI rwmw dI poqI qy BweI suKIAw mWfn dI pVpoqI sI[ bIbI iB`KW dy dwdw, cwcy qy keI ccyry Brw gurU swihb dIAW lVweIAW ivc ShId ho cu`ky sn[ ies dy ipqw BweI bjr isMG rwTOr-rwjpUq ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdy sn[ bIbI iB`KW dw ivAwh Awilm isMG n`cxw (pu`qr durgw dws, poqw pdmw Aqy pVpoqw kOl dws cOhwn) nwl hoieAw sI[ iB`KW ny iqMn pu`qrW (mohr isMG, Amolk isMG, bwGV isMG) ƒ jnm id`qw sI[ bIbI iB`KW dw pqI Aqy iqMn byty v`K-v`K mOikAW ’qy pMQ vwsqy ShId hoey sn[

iB`KW dw pqI Awilm isMG n`cxw gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw muswihb (ifauFI brdwr) sI[ auh 13 swl dI aumr ivc hI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kol Aw ky rihx l`g ipAw sI qy audoN qoN hI gurU drbwr nwl sbMiDq irhw sI[ bIbI iB`KW vI SwdI mgroN AnMdpur swihb ivc hI rihMdI rhI sI[iB`KW gurU dy lMgr dI ieMcwrj sI[ syvw krn ivc aus dw koeI swnI nhIN sI[

meI 1705 ivc jdoN AnMdpur nUM Gyrw pYx dI ^br imlI sI qW gurU jI ny swry gRihsqIAW nUM au~QoN Gro-GrIN Byj id`qw sI[ AnMdpur swihb ivc isr& iqMn bIbIAW: mwqw gujrI, suiB`KI qy iB`KW hI rih geIAW sn[ mwqw gujrI, suiB`KI qy iB`KW ny gurU swihb dy nwl hI AnMdpur C`ifAw sI[

5-6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU swihb ny AnMdpur qoN c`ly sn qW iB`KW vI aus vhIr ivc Swiml sI[ pMj sO dw ieh kw&lw AnMdpur swihb qoN kIrqpur q`k cu`p-cwp inkl igAw sI[ pr jdoN ieh j`Qw inrmohgVH lMGx mgroN srsw ndI pwr krn vwsqy ndI dy kMFy ’qy, J`KIAW ipMf dI jUh ivc pu`jw qW ip`CoN phwVI &OjW ny zbrdsq hmlw kr id`qw sI[ ies mOky ’qy jIvn isMG rMGrytw dI AgvweI ivc 100 is`Kw ny srsw ndI dy kMFy ’qy, J`KIAW ipMf dI jUh ivc, morcy sWB ley sn qW jo bhuq swrI igxqI ivc Aw rhI phwVI &Oj ƒ T`lH pweI jw sky[ auh cwhuMdy sn ik gurU jI qy aunHW dw pirvwr srsw ndI pwr kr ky dUr inkl jwvy[ ies j`Qy ny pihlW qIrW nwl qy Pyr qlvwrW nwl h`Qo-h`Q lVweI ivc hmlwvr &OjW dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw sI[ Awpxy swQI BrwvW dy nwl-nwl ies rwjpUq SyrnI iB`KW ny vI h`Q ivc qlvwr lY ky hmlwvr &OjW nwl h`Qo-h`Q lVweI kIqI sI Aqy ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[iB`KW dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY: “iB`KW dyeI bjr isMG kI, poqI rwmy kI, poK mwsy idn sq sMmq sqrW sY bwsT nMgl gujrW ky mlHwn eyk GrI idn cVHy rn myN jUJ kr mrI.”

BIKn/BIKnu

ieh iek sU&I Bgq sI[ ies dw smW sMn 1480 qoN sMn 1573 dw mMinAw jWdw hY[ ieh kwkorI (lKnaU, au~qr pRdyS dw vwsI sI[ ies qoN jpwdw hY ik gurU nwnk swihb dI pihlI jW dUjI audwsI smyN aunHW dw ies nwl myl hoieAw hovygw[ ies bwry vDyry jwxkwrI nhIN imldI[ ies dy do Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hn: rwgu soriT bwxI Bgq BIKn kI (659).

byix/ byxI

Bgq byxI ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Swiml hY[ ies dw jIvn kwl pMdrvIN-solHvIN sdI dw hY[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ies dw myl gurU nwnk swihb nwl hoieAw sI Aqy auh ies dI bwxI nUM lY ky Awey sn[ aus dy iqMn Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hn: sRI rwg ivc s&w 93 ’qy, rwg rwmklI ivc s&w 974 ’qy, rwg prBwqI ivc s&w 1351 ’qy[ Bgq byxI dI rcnw qoN pqw lgdw hY ik auh hT Xogw dw Awlock hY;auh Xogw qoN Bwv pRBU nwl Xog (imlx) qoN lYNdw hY Aqy isr& pRBU dI BgqI dI g`l krdw hY; auh iqRvYxI qIrQ dI g`l krdw kihMdw hY ik iqRvYxI qW mn dy AMdr vgdI hY[ Bgq byix/byxI dw izkr gurU Arjn swihb ny s&w 1192 ’qy (byxI kau guir kIE pRgwsu), kvI kl ny s&w 1390 ’qy (Bgqu byix gux rvY, shij Awqm rMgu mwxY)[ BweI gurdws ny vwr 10 dI pauVI 14 byxI Bgq bwry hI ilKI hY.

byxI pMfq

kvI sMqoK isMG ny ies nW dy p`CmI pMjwb dy iek ngr cUhxIAW dy iek klipq pMifq dw izkr kIqw hY ik auh drSn (i&lws&I) dw bVw vyqw (igAwqw) sI Aqy ivdvwnW nwl crcw kr ky aunHW ’qy ij`q pRwpq krdw rihMdw sI[ auh kihMdw sI ik aus ny idgivjX (ivdvqw dI dunIAw dI &qh) pRwpq krnI hY; pr jd ieh goieMdvwl AieAw qW gurU Amr dws jI dy bcn sux ky ies ny hiQAwr sut id`qy sn Aqy is`KI gRihx kr leI sI[ ies khwxI muqæwibkæ gurU jI ny aus nUM pRcwr dI mMjI b^SI sI (22 mMjIAW vwlI g`p jMifAwlw dy hMdwlIAW ny GVI sI).

bylI rwm imsr

bylI rwm imsr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG kol sMn 1809 ivc nOkr hoieAw sI[ aus nUM aus dy cwcy bsqI rwm dI QW nOkrI id`qI geI sI[ aus nUM srkwr dy qoSw^wny (^zwny) dw ieMcwrj bxwieAw igAw sI; iesy ^zwny ivc hI konyhUr hIrw vI ipAw rihMdw sI[ bylI rwm bhuq eImwndwr Aqy AsUl dw p`kw sI[ iek vwr iDAwn isMh fogrw ny aus kol qoSw ^wnw vyKx dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI qW aus ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI iejwzq qoN ibnw idKwaux qoN ienkwr kr id`qw sI[ ieM\ hI aus ny kMvr nOinhwl isMG nUM vI nWh kr id`qI sI[nOinhwl isMG ny ies dw bVw Zu`sw kIqw sI Aqy jdoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq ho geI sI qW nOinhwl isMG ny bylI rwm nUM kæYd kr id`qw sI Aqy pMj l`K rupY jurmwnw kIqw sI Aqy aus nUM Aqy aus dy BrwvW nUM nOkrI qoN htw id`qw sI[ jdoN Syr isMG mhwrwjw bixAw Aqy aus nUM scweI dw pqw
l`gw sI qW aus ny bylI rwm nUM irhw kr ky aus nUM qy aus dy BrwvW nUM muV purwxy Ahudy ’qy lw id`qw sI[ Syr isMG dy kql mgroN iDAwn isMh fogry dy pu`qr hIrw isMh ny bylI rwm nUM iPr kæYd kr id`qw sI[ hIrw isMh ny kæYd ivc hI 17 sqMbr 1843 dy idn Sy^ eImwm-aud-dIn rwhIN bylI rwm nUM mrvw id`qw sI[ ies mgroN bylI rwm dw pirvwr lwhOr qoN dOV ky AMgRyzI ielwky ivc clw igAw sI; pr hIrw isMh fogry dy kql mgroN muV AwieAw sI[ bylI rwm dy Brw rUp lwl qy suK rwj vI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy mulwzm sn; rUp lwl jlMDr dw nwzm sI Aqy suK rwj &Oj ivc jrnYl sI.

bylw isMG (jYqo)

BweI bylw isMG izlHw luiDAwxw dy ipMf hTUr dw rihx vwlw sI[sMn 1924 ivc jdoN jYqo morcw SurU hoieAw sI qW ieh dsvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 18 sqMbr 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN c`l ky 17 jnvrI 1925 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ienHW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn kæYd dOrwn hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI. hor vyKo: jYqo morcw.

bylw isMG (nwnkwxw)

BweI bylw isMG (1865-20.2.1921), pu`qr meIAw isMG sYnI dw jnm krqwrpur (izlHw jlMDr) ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN ieh pirvwr c`k nMbr 19, QoQIAW (izlHw Sy^Upurw) clw igAw sI[ ie`Qy bylw isMG ny KMfy dI pwhul lY leI sI[ auh Awpxy ipMf dy gurduAwry ivc syvw kirAw krdw sI[ 19 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN BweI lCmx isMG DwrovwlI nwnkwxw swihb nUM mhMq qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`Qw lY ky igAw qW auh vI ies ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ Agly idn jdoN j`Qw nwnkwxw swihb pu`jw sI qW mhMq Aqy aus dy ilAWdy BwVy dy kwqlW ny swry is`KW nUM kql krvw id`qw sI[ q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw.

bylw isMG ijAwx

ieh izlHw hoiSAwrpur dy ipMf ijAwx dw rihx vwlw sI[ vIhvIN sdI dy SurU ivc ieh knyfw clw igAw sI[ au~Qy ieh pulIs dw mu^br bx igAw sI[ pulIs A&sr hwpiknsn ny ies nUM is`KW dI jwsUsI krn dI ifaUtI sONpI hoeI sI[ ies dw dUjw kMm is`KW ivc Pu`t pwauxw Aqy lVweI krvwauxw vI sI[ hwpiknsn ny bylw isMG qoN ielwvw bwbU isMG, hrnwm isMG (imlsweIf gurduAwry dw iek swbkw gRMQI, jo bwbU isMG dy nwl ieko kmry ivc rihMdw sI), Arjn isMG qy iek do hor pMjwbI vI Awpxy eyjMt bxwey hoey sn[ 31 Agsq 1914 dy idn jMgl ivcoN hrnwm isMG dI lwS imlI sI; iksy ny aus dw isr v`F ky lwS JwVIAW ivc su`t id`qI sI (crcw sI ik ieh AYkSn surisMG dy jgq isMG dw sI (ieh jgq isMG ‘lwhOr swizS kys’ vwlw nhIN sI)[ ieh mrn vwlw hrnwm isMG 17 Agsq qoN hI Zwieb sI[ ikauN ik puls nUM kwqlW dw pqw nw l`gw ies kr ky ZdwrW dy hOsly burI qrHW ifgy hoey sn[ ienHW dI bdiksmqI ik 3 sqMbr nUM, ienHW dy Apxy hI iek dosq rwm isMG dy h`QoN ZlqI nwl golI cl jwx kwrn ienHW dw iek hor swQI Arjn isMG vI mwirAw igAw sI[ hux bylw isMG is`K AwgUAW ’qy vwr krnw cwhuMdw sI[

5 sqMbr idn Arjn isMG dy sskwr mgroN is`K gurduAwry ivc bYTy sI qW bylw isMG ny Bwg isMG (iB`KI ivMf, izlHw AMimRqsr) ’qy golIAW clweIAW sn[ aus dy bcwA vwsqy bqn isMG (dlyl isMG vwlw, izlHw mwnsw) A`gy AwieAw sI[ bylw isMG ny aus ’qy vI &wier kr id`qw sI[ hor vI kuJ jxy bylw isMG nUM rokx vwsqy A`gy Awey sn; aus ny aunHW ’qy vI golIAW clweIAW sn[ Bwg isMG qy bqn isMG dovyN Agly idn cVHweI kr gey sn[ bylw dIAW golIAW nwl z^mI hoey bwkI jxy, au~qm isMG (nUrpur), jvwlw isMG (is`K dOlq), dlIp isMG (nMgl), lwB isMG (D“ko), keI idn qk kMm nhIN sn kr sky[ pulIs ny 15 sqMbr dy idn bylw isMG nUM aus dy Gr (1752 sYkMf AYvinaU, vYnkUvr) qoN igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[

BwvyN srkwr ny bylw isMG ’qy muk`dmw clwieAw sI, pr ieh idKwvy dI kwrvweI sI[ bylw isMG dy h`k ivc mukwmI ihMdUAW bwbU, Twkr, syvw, Amr, n`Qw, gMgU rwm qy fw: rGU nwQ ny gvwhIAW id`qIAW sn[ ienHW qoN ielwvw pulIs A&sr hwpiknsn vI s&weI dy gvwh vjoN pyS hoieAw sI qy ienHW do kqlW nUM bylw isMG v`loN Awpxy bcwA vwsqy kIqy kql grdwinAw sI (21 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn myvw isMG lopoky ny hwpiksn nUM golIAW mwr ky mwr id`qw sI Aqy &WsI ’qy cVH igAw sI. vyKo:: myvw isMG lopoky)[ fwktr rGU nwQ auhI sI ijs iek`ly nUM kwmwgwtw mwrU jhwz ivcoN auqrn dI iejwzq id`qI geI sI)[ ienHW ZdwrW dIAW gvwhIAW kr ky Adwlq ny 8 dsMbr 1914 dy idn bylw isMG nUM Bwg isMG qy bqn isMG kql dy jurm qoN brI kr id`qw sI[ brI hox mgroN bylw isMG Aqy aus dy iek swQI bwvw isMG ny imq isMG pMforI ’qy hmlw kIqw sI, pr auh bc igAw sI[ 18 mwrc 1915 dyy idn jgq isMG BUqivMf ny bylw isMG nUM ^qm krn dI koiSS kIqI sI[ ies mOky ’qy bylw isMG dy iek swQI pRqwp isMG kotlIvwlw ny jgq isMG nUM j`Pw pw ilAw sI Aqy golI mwr ky mwr id`qw sI (pRqwp isMG nUM iek kys ivc aumr kæYd dI szw hoeI sI)[ 13 ApRYl 1915 dy idn bylw isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW ny BweI mihqwb isMG (jo 1748, Qrf AYvinaU ivc rihMdw sI) dy Gr nUM fwienwmeIt nwl aufw id`qw sI; ies nwl mihqwb isMG dI mOq ho geI sI Aqy keI hor jxy burI qrHw z^mI ho gey sn[ 16 ApRYl 1915 dy idn bylw isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW Bgq isMG hrIpur, syvw isMG nymwxo qy nYxw isMG kMdolw ny BweI lCmx isMG dy Gr (1668, sYkMf AYvinaU) ’qy hmlw kIqw sI (aus dw ksUr ieh sI ik auh BweI blvMq isMG dy ipMf dw sI)[ ies hmly ivc auh burI qrHw z^mI ho igAw sI[ ies kys ivc bylw isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW ’qy muk`dmw clw ky 12 jUn 1915 dy idn aus nUM iek swl kæYd dI szw suxweI geI sI[

hux swry is`K bylw isMG Zdwr dy s^q i^lw& ho gey sn[ aus dw iksy vyly vI kql ho skdw sI[ ies kr ky srkwr ny aus nUM jyl ivcoN irhw hox mgroN coKw eInwm Aqy zmIn dy ky pMjwb Byj id`qw sI qy auh Awpxy ipMf ijAwx ivc hI rihx lg ipAw sI[ ie`Qy vI aus ny puls nUM bbr AkwlIAW dy i^lw& sUhW idqIAW sn[ aus nUM srkwrI ih&wzq imlI hoeI sI, ies kr ky is`K aus nUM szw nhIN dy sky sn[ hOlI-hOlI auh vI is`KW v`loN byi&krw ho igAw sI[ A^Ir 8 dsMbr 1933 dy idn jd auh iek`lw SihroN Aw irhw sI qW kuJ bbrW ny aus nUM kql kr id`qw sI[ aus dy kql sbMDI hrI isMG sUMF Aqy aus dy kuJ swQIAW ‘qy muk`dmw clwieAw igAw sI pr sbUq nw iml skx kr ky auh brI ho gey sn[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ aus dw kql AprYl-meI 1934 ivc hoieAw sI.

bihlol, BweI

ieh ksUr ngr dy nyVy dy ipMf kwdIivMf dw rihx vwlw sI[ iek vwr gurU Amr dws ies dy ipMf gey sn[ ies ny AwpxI zmIn gurU jI nUM Byt kIqI sI[ aus zmIn ’qy gurU Amr dws hI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw sI[ gurduAwry dw nwl iek qlwA Aqy srW vI sI[ mgroN bihlol dy vwirsW ny aus dI smwD vI bxw id`qI sI[ hux gurduAwry dI bcI KucI iemwrq ivc srkwrI skUl cl irhw hY Aqy bohlol dI smwD F`T cukI hY[ pRis`D FwfI sohn isMG sIql iesy ipMf dw rihx vwlw sI.

kwwdIivMf Aqy qVgy ipMfW dw nkSw

bihlo

BweI bihlo (sMn 1553-1643), pu`qr AlHw id`qw, ipMf PPVy (vyKo: PPVy BweIkw) dw sMDU j`t sI (hux ies ipMf nUM ‘PPVy BweI ky’ kihMdy hn)[ pihlW ieh srvrIAw/ srvVw (sKI srvr dw Bgq) sI, Aqy mwlvy ielwky dw iek muKI srvrIAw sI[ sMn 1583 ivc ieh gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) igAw sI Aqy gurU Arjn swihb dy drSn kIqy sn[ ies mgroN ies ny sKI srvwr nUM pUrI qrHw iqAwg id`qw sI Aqy is`KI dw pRcwrk bx igAw sI[ ies ny AMimRqsr (drbwr swihb dw srovr) Aqy ngr dI auswrI ivc bhuq ih`sw pwieAw sI[ bihlo dy pMj pu`qr sn: gurdws, qwrw, Bwrw, mohrw, Bgqw[ ienHW ivcoN gurdws mgroN kuJ smW rwm rwie (gurU hir rwie jI dy pu`qr) dw cylw vI irhw sI Aqy ipMf Kurv`DI (hux fyhrwdun) ivc rihMdw ihw sI[ bihlo dw sB qoN Cotw pu`qr Bgqw gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU hirrwie swihb dy smyN qk gurU swihb kol kIrqpur AwauNdw-jWdw rihMdw sI (mgroN Bgqw dy nW ’qy vI iek ipMf Bgqw, hux ‘Bgqw BweIkw’, vs igAw sI[ dsMbr 1705 ivc jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI dInw kWgV qoN qlvMfI swbo vl nUM gey sn qW auh 25 dsMbr dI rwq Bgqw dy ipMf ivc ruky sn[ ies smyN bihlo dw pu`qr gurdws Awpxy iqMn pu`qrW (su`Kw, cMdrBwn Aqy Awsw rwm) nUM lY ky gurU jI dI syvw ivc hwizr hoieAw sI[ BweI Bgqw pirvwr ivcoN &qh isMG bMdw isMG bhwdur dw bhuq nzdIkI swQI sI; smwxw ngr ’qy kbzy ivc aus ny bhuq rol Adw kIqw sI; iesy kr ky bMdw isMG ny aus nUM smwxw dw sUbydwr Qwp id`qw sI

(hor vyKo: PPVy BweI ky, &qih isMG BweIkw).

bItI (gurU dw bwZ ivc zwlmwnw k`ut-mwr krn vwlw)

AµimRqsr qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr ipµf Gu`kyvwlI ivc gurduAwrw „gurU dw bwZ‟ hY[ ieh gurduAwrw gurU Arjn swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ is`K srdwrW ny ies gurduAwry nwl vI kw&I zmIn lweI hoeI sI jo AµgryzW ny hVp kr leI sI[ ie`QoN dw mhµq suµdr dws sI[ lokW ƒ aus dy ie^lwk bwry bhuq iSkwieqW sn[ 31 jnvrI 1921 dy idn dwn isµG vCoAw dI AgvweI ivc kuJ is`K aus kol gey sn Aqy aus ƒ Awpxw suDwr krn vwsqy AwiKAw sI[ mhµq ny is`KW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw sI Aqy ilKqI dsqwvyz ‟qy dsqKæq vI kr id`qy sn[ smJOqy muqæwibkæ gurduAwry dy ieµqzwm vwsqy iek 5 mYNbrI kmytI cuxI geI sI[ qkrIbn 2 mhIny qk „gurU dw bwg‟ gurduAwry dw ieµqzwm TIk-Twk cldw irhw sI pr jdoN srkwr ny AkwlIAW ‟qy s^qI dw dOr clwauxw SurU kIqw Aqy bhuq swry AwgUAW ƒ gurduAwirAW ‟qy kbzw krn dy nW ‟qy igR&qwr kr ilAw sI qW ApRYl 1921 ivc ieh mhµq vI iv`tr igAw sI[

gurduAwrw „gurU dw bwZ‟ dy lµgr vwsqy bwlx dI l`kV gurduAwry dI zmIn ivc KVy ik`kr dy dr^qW qoN ilAWdI jWdI sI[ 8 Agsq 1922 dy idn pµj AkwlI lµgr vwsqy iek su`ky ik`kr dI l`kV v`F ky ilAwey sn[ aunHW ƒ 9 Agsq dy idn fµnt (fI.sI.) dy hukm hyT igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ hor qW hor ies sbµD ivc swbk mhµq suµdr dws ny ilKqI qOr ‟qy koeI iSkwieq vI nhIN kIqI sI qy is`K coKy icr qoN lµgr vwsqy l`kV ie`QoN iljWdy rhy sn[ 10 Agsq ƒ AYs. pI. pulIs mYk&rsn dI hdwieq ‟qy AYfISnl AYs. pI. pulIs AYs.jI.AYm. bItI (S.G.M. Beaty) gurU dw bwZ phuµicAw sI Aqy mhµq koloN ilKqI iSkwieq lY leI sI[ iesy idn 8 Agsq ƒ igR&qwr kIqy is`KW ƒ kwhlI ivc Cy mhIny dI kæYd qy 50 rupey jurmwnw vI kr id`qw igAw sI[ ies mgroN vI is`K l`kV k`tdy rhy sn pr 25 Agsq ƒ jdoN 136 is`KW dw jQw gurU kw bwg igAw sI qW pulIs ny is`KW ƒ igR&qwr krn dI QW ku`txw SurU kr id`qw sI[ qkrIbn 100 is`KW ƒ pulIs ny vihSIAwxw qrIky nwl fWgw mwr-mwr ky burI qrHW z^mI kr id`qw sI[ 26 Agsq ƒ 40 is`K gurU gRµQ swihb dw srUp nwl lY ky gurU dw bwZ v`l gey sn[ aus idn vI puils ny is`KW ƒ bydrdI nwl fWgW nwl ku`itAw sI Aqy burI qrHW GsIitAw sI[ AµimRqsr dy Awly-duAwly, dUr-dUr qk, sVkW, pulW Aqy p`qxW ‟qy pulIs qweInwq kr id`qI geI sI[

ies swrI kwrvweI ƒ bhuq swry lok vyKx AwauNdy sn Aqy iek AmrIkn pwrtI ny qW ies mwrkutweI dI i&lm vI iqAwr kIqI sI[ kYptn ey.AYl.vrgIs dI ies i&lm dw nW sI “AYksklUisv ipkcr Aw& ieMfIAwz mwritArfMm”[ mgroN brqwnvI srkwr ny koiSS kIqI sI ik ieh i&lm CwieAw nw kIqI jwvy pr vrgIz nhIN mMinAw sI[ (hom, polItIkl, nMbr 71 Aw& 1923)[ ieh i&lm hrijMdr isMG idlgIr dy XU-itaUb cYnl ‟qy dyKI jw skdI hY[

is`KW ‟qy zulm dIAW ^brW pµjwb, ihµdusqwn qy pRdysW ivc vI phuµc rhIAW sn Aqy swry pwsy ies dI zbrdsq muzMmq (inMdw) ho rhI sI[ 12 sqµbr ƒ mShUr eIsweI pwdrI sI.AY&.AYNfiraUz (jo AYNglIkn crc dw pRcwrk sI qy sMn 1904 qoN klk`qw ivc rih irhw sI) AµimRqsr AwieAw sI[ aus ny AµimRqsr dy hspqwlW ivc gurU dw bwZ morcy dy P`tVW dI hwlq vyKI sI[ auh Swm vyly gurU dw bwZ pu`jw sI[ aus ny au~Qyy is`KW ‟qy pulIs dw zulm AwpxIAW A`KW nwl vyiKAw sI[ aus ny ies mwr-kutweI nUM “hYvwnIAq BrI, jWglI, iGxwauxI, buzidlwxw, iek AMgryz vwsqy nwmMnxXog kwrvweI Aqy ieMglYNf dI rUhwnI hwr” ikhw[ (hom pulItIkl 914/[[/1922)[ Agly idn 13 sqµbr ƒ pµjwb dw gvrnr AµimRqsr AwieAw hoieAw sI[ AYNfiraUz ny gvrnr ƒ iml ky gurU kw bwZ ‟c pulIs dy zulm bwry g`lbwq kIqI sI[ aus idn gvrnr Awp gurU dw bwZ igAw sI[ aus nwl pµjwb kONsl dy kuJ mYˆbr vI sn[ ies mgroN gvrnr ny hukm jwrI kr ky is`K jiQAW dI ku`t-mwr bµd krvw id`qI sI

kuJ swl mgroN ies puls A&sr bItI nUM mlyrkotlw dy nvwb ny AwpxI irAwsq dw pulIs muKI bxw id`qw sI[ au~QoN htwey jwx mgroN auh hrnwmI nW dI iek AOrq nwl rihx lg ipAw sI[ 27 jUn 1940 dy idn krqwr isMG qy bcn isMG ny aus dy Gr jw ky aus nUM cwlwkI nwl kql kr id`qw sI[ ies kys ivcoN ieh dovyN qW brI ho gey pr iksy hor kys ivc auh 1952 qk pitAwly ivc kæYd rhy sn.

byAMq isMG mloAw

BweI byAMq isMG qy BweI sqvMq isMG ny ieMdrw gWDI (pRDwn mMqrI Bwrq) nUM jUn 1984 ivc drbwr swihb ’qy hmlw krn Aqy hzwrw bygunwh is`KW dw kql krn dI szw vjoN 31 AkqUbr 1984 dy idn aus dy Gr ivc hI golIAW mwr ky kql kr id`qw sI[ aus idn svyry 9 vjy byAMq isMG ny Awpxy srivs irvwlvr qoN 5 golIAW ieMdrw gWDI nUM mwrIAW sn; ies mgroN sqvMq isMG ny AwpxI styngMn ivcoN 28 golIAW nwl ieMdrw dw srIr ClxI kr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN dohW ny jYkwrw C`f ky hiQAwr su`t id`qy sn[ ieMfo-iqbyqIAn bwrfr &ors ny aunHW nUM igR&qwr krn mgroN aunHW ’qy golIAW clweIAW sn, ijs nwl byAMq isMG mOky ’qy mwirAw igAw sI qy sqvMq isMG burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw sI[ mgroN aus dw ielwj kr ky aus nUM bcwA ilAw igAw qW jo aus ’qy muk`dmw clw ky aus nUM &WsI id`qI jwey[

byAMq isMG dw jnm 6 jnvrI 1959 dy idn, su`cw isMG (pu`qr igAwnI pRqwp isMG) dy Gr, ipMf mloAw (cMfIgVH) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny muFlI skUlI ividAw ipMf dy skUl qoN Aqy iPr bI.ey. qk dI ividAw cMfIgVH qoN hwisl kIqI sI[ auh Agly swl 1972 ivc id`lI pulIs ivc sb ieMspYktr vjoN BrqI ho igAw sI[ auh hOlI-hOlI auh pRDwn mqrI dy sur`iKAw Amly dw ih`sw bx igAw sI[ 23 jnvrI 1976 dy idn aus dI SwdI ibml kOr (puqrI gurbcn isMG) nwl hoeI sI[ ibml kOr ny lyfI hwrifMg kwlj qoN nrisMg dw ifplomw hwisl kIqw hoieAw sI[ ieh pirvr audoN id`lI dy ivSnU gwrfn ielwky ivc irhw krdw sI[ aunHW ny do b`icAW nUM jnm id`qw sI[ (ibml kOr dI mOq 22 jUn 1991 dy idn hwrt AtYk nwl mohwlI ivc hoeI sI)[

byAMq isMG AwpxI pqnI nwl kSmIr ivc

BweI byAMq isMG dw ipqw su`cw isMG, pqnI ibml kOr Aqy pu`qr srbjIq isMG (sMn 1985)

drbwr swihb ’qy BwrqI &Oj dy hmly mgroN pihlW qW auh iblkul cup irhw sI, pr sqMbr 1984 ivc iek idn jd auh Awpxy PuPV ikhr isMG nwl gurduAwrw rkwb gMj igAw qW aus ny ies hmly dI izMmydwr ieMdrw gWDI nUM szw dyx dw PYslw kr ilAw sI[ 14 AkqUbr 1984 dy idn aus ny KMfy dI pwhul vI lY leI sI (17 AkqUbr nUM aus dI pqnI ny vI pwhul lY leI sI)[ auh 20 AkqUbr dy idn drbwr swihb AMimRqsr igAw sI ij`Qy aus ny Awpxy imSn vwsqy Ardws kIqI sI[mgroN aus ny BweI sqvMq isMG nUM vI Awpxw swQI bxw ilAw sI[ 31 AkqUbr 1984 dy idn aus ny sqvMq isMG nwl rl ky ieMdrw gWDI nUM golIAW mwr ky kql kr id`qw sI. hor vyKo: sqvMq isMG.

byAMq isMG, sqvMq isMG, kyhr isMG

byAMq isMG muK mMqrI

byAMq isMG (19.2.1922-31.8.1995) dw jnm ipMf iblwspur (nyVy dorwhw) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn ho ky auh 2 swl &Oj ivc irhw sI[ ies mgroN auh isAwsq ivc ih`sw lYx lg ipAw sI[ sMn 1960 ivc auh blwk sMmqI luiDAwxw dw cyArmYn bx igAw sI[ sMn 1962 ivc auh AYm.AYl.ey. bx cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1967 ivc auh AkwlI dl nwl juV igAw sI[ aunHIN idnI AkwlI dl ivc Pu`t peI hoeI sI[ aus ny sMNn 1968 ivc AkwlI dlW dI eykqw vwsqy mrn vrq r`iKAw sI[ sMn 1969 ivc auh Awzwd aumIdvwr vjoN AYm.AYl.ey. cuixAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh kWgrs pwrtI ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ sMn 1992 ivc jdoN AkwlIAW ny coxW dw bweIkwt kIqw hoieAw sI qW isr& 15% votW nwl kWgrs dI srkwr bx geI sI[ cI& minstr dI kursI aus dy ih`sy ivc AweI sI[ aus ny cI& minstr bxidAW hI pulIs muKI ky.pI. ig`l nUM KulH dy id`qI sI ik auh nklI mukwbly bxw ky is`K nOjvwnW dw kæqlyAwm kr ky Kwilsqwn lihr dw isr Pyh dyvy[ kqlyAwm dw ieh dOr sMn 1992 qoN 1995 qk cldw irhw sI[ hzwrW is`K nOjvwnW nUM GrW qoN PV ky nklI mukwbly bxw ky mwr id`qw igAw sI[

A^Ir iek swbkw ispwhI idlwvr isMG ny Awpxy srIr ’qy bMb bMnH ky pMjwb sYktrIeyt dy bwhr ies dy ijsm dw qUMbw qUMbw aufw id`qw sI[ aus dy nwl 17 hor jxy vI mwry gey sn[

kWgrs srkwr ny aus nUM ‘ShId’ vWg pUijAw sI[ aus dI Xwd ivc cMfIgVH ivc iek mYmorIAl bxwieAw igAw sI[ jlMDr ivc aus dy do bu`q lwey gey sn (ijnHW dI lok vwr-vwr byiezqI krdy sn)[ aus dy mrn dw aus dy pirvwr nUM bhuq &wiedw hoieAw sI[ aus dw pu`qr qyjpRkwS sMn 2002 qoN 2012 qk AYm. AYl. ey. irhw sI qy kuJ smW trWsport mihkmy dw vzIr vI irhw sI Aqy aus dI DI gurkMvl vI 2002 qoN 2007 qIk AYm.AYl.ey. rhI sI[ aus dw iek poqw gurkIrq kotlI, AYm.AYl.ey. bixAw sI; dUjw poqw rvnIq ib`tU AYm.pI. bixAw sI; Aqy qIjw poqw guriekbwl pulIs ivc is`Dw fI.AYs.pI. BrqI kIqw igAw sI[ byAMq dw t`br vI aus vWg AkwlI dl dw k`tV duSmx irhw hY.

byAMq isMG dI kwr bMb Dmwky qoN mgroN

bvMjw kvI

kvI sMqoK isMG ny Awpxy gRMQ ivc iliKAw sI ik gurU goibMd isMG jI dy drbwr ivc bvMjw (52) kvI sn aus ny qW 52 kvIAW dy nW vI id`qy hn: audY rwX, AxI rwX, AMimRq rwX, A`lU, Awsw isMG, Awilm, eISr dws, suKdyv, su`Kw isMG, suKIAw, sudwmw, sYnwpqI, SXwm, hIr, husYn AlI, hMs rwm, k`lU, kuvryS, Kwn cMd, guxIAw, gurudws, gopwl, cMdn, cMdw, jmwl, tihkn, Drm isMG, DMnw isMG, DXwn isMG, nwnU, inScl dws, inhwl cMd, nMd isMG, nMd lwl, ipMfI dws, b`lB, b`lU, ibDIcMd, bulMd, ibRK, ibRj lwl, mQurw, mdn isMG, mdnigir, m`lU, mwn dws, mwlw isMG, mMgl, rwm, rwvl, rOSn isMG, l`Kw[ ienHW ivcoN AxI rwX, kuvryS, mMgl, sYnwpqI, nMd lwl qy iek A`D hor kvI zrUr gurU jI kol mOjUd sn; bwkI dy qkrIbn swry nW klipq hn[ ienHW ivcoN SXwm qy rwm qy gurudws bicqr nwtk (nvW nW dsmgRMQ) dIAW bhuqIAW rcnwvW dy lyKk hn; Aqy auh gurU jI qoN 70-80 swl mgroN dy hn; pr, sMqoK isMG ny aunHW nUM vI ies sUcI ivc Swiml kr ilAw hoieAw hY[ sMqoK isMG dIAW hor g`pW vW| ies g`l nUM vI keIAW ny s`c m`Mn ky ieh kbUl hI kr ilAw sI[

iek lyKk ipAwrw isMG pdm ny ienHW dI igxqI hor vI vD d`sI hY[ drAsl ieh igxqI kvI sMqoK isMG dI AwpxI GwVq hY[ ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik gurU goibMd isMG jI kol bhuq swry kvI rihMdy sn; pihloN pwaUNtw swihb Aqy iPr c`k nwnkI Aqy AnMdpur swihb ivc bhuq swry kvI irhw krdy sn Aqy auh Aksr gurU jI dy drbwr ivc Awpxw klwm pyS krdy rihMdy sn[ kvI sMqoK isMG muqæwibkæ qW ieh dUjy DrmW dIAW ikqwbW pMjwbI Aqy ihMdI ivc Anuvwd krdy rihMdy sn[ ienHW ny iek ‘AdBuq’ gRMQ ‘ividAwsr’ jW ‘ividAw swgr’ vI iliKAw sI[ ienHW kvIAW dIAW ikRqW AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmly ivc sV geIAW sn; pr ienHW ivcoN keI ilKqW dy auqwry bwhr jw cuky sn (ieh inrI g`p hY; AnMdpur swihb ’qy Aijhw koeI hmlw nhIN hoieAw sI ijs nwl jW ijs dOrwn koeI A`g lgI hovy)[ ienHW kvIAW bwry kvI sMqoK isMG ny keI hor g`pW vI pRclq kIqIAW hoeIAW hn, ijvyN ik gurU jI ny mMgl nW dy iek kvI nUM mhWBwrq dw iek ih`sy dw qrjmw krn vwsqy 60 hzwr (iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ l`K) tky (rupY) eInwm id`qy sn[ drAsl ijMnIAW vI rcnwvW dI g`l sMqoK isMG ny kIqI hY aunHW ivcoN bhuqIAW inrmilAW ny ATwrHvIN sdI dy Aw^rI swlW ivc jW au~nIvIN sdI dy SurU ivc ptnw Awid ngrW ivc bYT ky ilKIAW sn Aqy mgroN pMjwb ivc ilAw ky ienHW nUM gurU kwl dIAW kih ky is`K rwijAW qy reIsW koloN eInwm hwisl kIqy sn.

bqn isMG

BweI bqn isMG, pu`qr BweI dlyl isMG dw jnm ipMf dlyl isMGvwlw (qihsIl Aqy izlHw mwnsw) ivc hoieAw sI; mgroN ieh pirvwr ipMf kuMBVvwl clw igAw sI[ aus dw nW bdn isMG qy gurmuK isMG iliKAw vI imldw hY[ aus ny pihlW brHmw ivc pulIs mihkmy ivc nOkrI kIqI sI[ pMj swl dI nOkrI mgroN, sMn 1894 ivc aus ny nOkrI C`f id`qI sI Aqy ipMf muV AwieAw sI[ sMn 1904 ivc auh hWgkWg clw igAw sI[ au~Qy vI pulIs mihkmy ivc nOkrI krdw irhw sI[ sMn 1907 ivc auh knyfw clw igAw sI[au~Qy aus ny swQIAW nwl iml ky vYnkUvr ivc ‘gurU nwnk mwieinMg AYNf ieMjnIAirMg kMpnI’ bxweI sI[ aus ny swQIAW dI mdd nwl vYnkUvr ivc iek iemwrq ikrwey ’qy lY ky iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw sI[ auh Kwlsw dIvwn soswietI dy moFI mYNbrW ivcoN iek sI[ ies soswietI ny gurduAwry vwsqy nvI QW ^rId ky 19 jnvrI 1908 dy idn au~Qy gurduAwrw bxwieAw sI[ bqn isMG dy mn ivc syvw Bwvnw ku`t-ku`t ky BrI hoeI sI qy auh gurduAwry dy hr kMm ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw ilAw krdw sI[

jdoN kwmgwtw mwrU jhwz 22 meI 1914 dy idn knyfw dI bMdrgwh vYnkUvr pu`jw sI qy hwkmW ny muswi&rW nUM au~Qy auqrn nhIN idqw sI qW ies ny bhuq Aihm rol Adw kIqw sI[ ies kr ky ieh srkwr nUM bhuq cuBdw sI[

ies hwlq ivc 31 Agsq 1914 dy idn knyfw dI pulIs dy twaUt dy Brw hrnwm isMG dI lwS imlI sI; iksy ny aus dw isr v`F ky lwS jMgl ivc su`t id`qI sI (crcw sI ik ieh AYkSn surisMG dy jgq isMG dw sI (ieh jgq isMG swizS kys vwlw nhIN sI)[ ieh mrn vwlw hrnwm isMG 17 Agsq qoN hI Zwieb sI[ ikauN ik puls nUM kwqlW dw pqw nw l`gw ies kr ky ZdwrW dy hOsly brU qrHW ifgy hoey sn[ ienHW dI bdiksmqI ik 3 sqMbr nUM, Apxy hI iek dosq, rwm isMG h`QoN ZlqI nwl golI cl jwx kwrn Arjn isMG vI mwirAw igAw sI[ hux bylw isMG is`K AwgUAW ’qy vwr krnw cwhuMdw sI[

5 sqMbr idn Arjn isMG dy sskwr mgroN is`K gurduAwry ivc bYTy sI qW bylw isMG ijAwx ny Bwg isMG, jo aus vyly gurU gRMQ swihb dI qwibAw bYTw hoieAw sI, au~qy golIAW clweIAW sn[ aus dy bcwA vwsqy ieh bqn isMG Aqy kuJ hor is`K bylw isMG nUM rokx vwsqy A`gy Awey sn[ bylw isMG ny aunHW ’qy vI &wier kr id`qy sn[ bylw isMG dIAW golIAW nwl ClnI hoey Bwg isMG Aqy bqn isMG Agly idn 6 sqMbr dy idn cVHweI kr gey sn (aunHw dohW dw sskwr 7 sqMbr dy idn ieko icqw ’qy iek`iTAW kIqw igAw sI)[ bylw dIAW golIAW nwl z^mI hoey au~qm isMG (nUrpur), jvwlw isMG (is`K dOlq), dlIp isMG (nMgl), lwB isMG (D“ko) keI idn qk kMm nhIN sn kr sky. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: bylw isMG, myvw isMG lopoky.

BweI bqn isMG

bsI/b`sI, mwqw

gurU hir rwie swihb dI mwqw AnMqI (pqnI gurid`qw) nUM mwqw bsI/b`sI vI ikhw jWdw sI ikauNik aus dy ipqw KqrIAW dI goqr b`sI nwl sbMD rKdy sn. vyKo: AnMqI, mwqw.

bswvw isMG

BweI bswvw isMG ipMf sUjovwl (izlHw gurdwspur) dw vwsI sI[ auh BweI mhwrwj isMG dw swQI sI[ jdoN cqr isMG AtwrIvwlw ny hiQAwr su`t id`qy qW BweI mhwrwj isMG ny AMgRyzW dy i^lw& muihMm jwrI rK`x dw &slw kIqw sI[ aus ny bswvw isMG nUM kwbul ivc A&Zwinswn dy hwkm dosq muhMmd ^wn nwl glbwq krn vwsqy ByijAw sI[ auh dosq muhMmd ^wn dw ^q lY ky BweI mhwrwj isMG kol vwips pu`jw sI[ BweI mhwrwj isMG nUM jdoN 28-29 dsMbr 1849 dI rwq vyly igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI, auh aus dy nwl nhIN sI[ bsvw isMG dy ies ip`CoN dy hwl dw koeI pqw nhIN lgdw[ jW qW AMgRyzW ny aus nUM mwr id`qw sI qy jW auh bwkI aumr gupqvws ivc rihMdw irhw sI.

bsMq isMG pMfq

bsMq isMG pMfq (26.6.1868-28.6.1941), pu`qr kwlw isMG dw jnm ipMf FINgrIAW (izlHw jlMDr) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh CotI aumr ivc hI Gr Cf ky inrmilAW dy j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ aus ny aunHW koloN bhuq swrw sMsikRq swihq piVHAw sI[ mgroN inrmilAW ny aus nUM TIkrIvwlw fyyry ’qy Byj id`qw sI[ sMn 1893 ivc auh ies fyry dw muKI bx igAw sI[ sMn 1901 ivc auh pitAwlw dy rwjy dy dI mulwzmq ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ aus ny SwhI pirvwr dy kMvr (mgroN mhwrwjw) BUipMdrw isMG Aqy mgroN XwdivMdrw isMG Awid nUM Dwrimk ividAw dI pVHweI krvweI sI[ aus dy muK ividAwrQIAW ivc pMfq krqwr isMG dwKw Awid vI sn[ pMfq bsMq isMG ny keI jgh ’qy inrm lw fyry kwiem kIqy sn[ aus dw Aw^rI smW inrmlw fyrw knKl ivc bIiqAw sI.

bsMq isMG (mogw)

bsMq isMG, pu`qr pwl isMG, dw jnm ipMf cUHVc`k (izlHw mogw) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr qoN bI.ey. fI ifgrI hwisl kIqI sI[ ividAwrQI dy qOr ’qy auh bhuq lwiekæ sI[ sMn 1930 ivc auh isAwsq ivc vI ih`sw lYx lg ipAw sI[ sB qoN pihlW auh AkwlI dl ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ sMn 1933 ivc auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI[ kuJ smW auh ies dw mIq pRDwn vI irhw sI[ mgroN aus dw Jukwau kWgrs pwrtI v`l vDyry ho igAw sI[ sMn 1942 ivc aus ny ‘Bwrq C`fo’ lihr ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw ilAw sI[ auh 8 mhIny jyl ivc irhw sI[ sMn 1946 ivc jdoN is`KW ny kYbint imSn dI mu^wl&q krn vwsqy j`dojihd krn vwsqy swrIAW is`K jQybMdIAW v`loN sWJw 25 mYNbrI ‘pMQk pRqIinDI borf’ kwiem kIqw igAw sI qW ies nUM vI aus ivc Swiml kIqw igAw sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN auh p`kw kWgrsI bx igAw sI[ 24 AkqUbr 1959 dy idn jdoN AkwlI dl dy mukwbly ivc pRqwp isMG kYroN ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dIAW 1960 dIAW coxW lVn vwsqy kWgrsI is`KW dw ‘swD sMgq borf’ bxwieAw sI; ieh aus dy moFIAW ivcoN iek sI; ies pwrtI dy 140 ivcoN 136 aumIdvwr cox hwr gey sn; qkrIbn 100 aumIdvwrW dIAW qW zmwnqW vI zbq hoeIAW sn[ aus dI mOq sMn 1965 ivc hoeI sI.

bsMq isMG (jYqo)

BweI bsMq isMG ipMf pMjoKVw (izlHw AMbwlw) dw rihx vwlw sI[ sMn 1924 ivc jdoN jYqo morcw SurU hoieAw sI qW ieh XwrHvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 13 julweI 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN c`l ky 9 sqMbr dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ienHW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn kæYd dOrwn hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI hor vyKo: jYqo morcw.

bsMq isMG

BweI bsMq isMG lwhOr isMG sBw (sQwpnw 2 nvMMbr 1879) dy moFIAW ivcoN iek sI[ auh mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM muV q^q idvwaux dy ihmwieqIAW ivcoN iek sI[ pRo. gurmuK isMG AMgRyzW dy i^lw& iksy kwrvweI dy h`k ivc nhIN sI[ ies nwl jQybMdI ivc Pu`t pYx dy Awswr vD gey sn; ies kr ky bsMq isMG ny swQIAW nwl iml ky ‘gurU ihqkwrnI sBw’ kwiem kr leI sI[ sMn 1895 ivc ieh sBw muV isMG sBw lwhOr ivc Swiml ho geI sI[ bsMq isMG nUM ‘Kwlsw Zzt’ dw AYfItr bxwieAw igAw sI[ aus dI mOq 13 Agsq 1900 dy idn hoeI sI.

bsMq kOr

rwjw nirMdr isMG (pitAwlw) dI lVkI bsMq kOr ( jnm sMn 1845) jo kulyNdr isMG (pu`qr rwjw BgvMq isMG DOlpur) nwl ivAwhI geI sI[ ies dy Gr inhwl isMG pYdw hoieAw sI.

brn isMG

ieh &wzl ipMf dw rihx vwlw sI[ ieh kivqw ilKx dw bhuq SOkIn sI[ ieh iek vwr AnMdpur swihb AwieAw sI Aqy gurU jI nUM imlx mgroN ie`Qy hI rihx lg ipAw sI[ jdoN gurU jI ny KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU kIqI sI qW ies ny pMj ipAwirAW qoN qIjy bYc ivc pwhul leI sI[ ies dy nwl pwhul lYx vwly hor isMG sn: ikrpw isMG dq, dXw isMG puroihq, nwƒ isMG idlvwlI, soFI dIp isMG qy nMd isMG (dovyN pu`qr bwbw sUrj ml), AxI isMG Aqy srhMd vwly iqMn bwxIey Brw (hzwrI isMG, BMfwrI isMG Aqy drbwrI isMG)[ ieh AnMdpur ’qy hoey hmilAW ivc bVI bhwdurI nwl liVAw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ieh sMn 1705 ivc jdoN AnMdpur nUM Gyrw ipAw sI qW ieh au~Qy mOjUd nhIN sI[ ies dy Aw^rI smyN bwry koeI jwxkwrI nhIN imldI.

bMqw isMG sMGvwl

BweI bMqw isMG (1890-12.91915), pu`qr bUtw isMG, dw jnm ipMf sMGvwl (izlHw jlMDr) ivc hoieAw sI[ dsvIN pws krn mgroN auh cIn clw igAw sI[ ie`QoN auh pihlW hWgkWg Aqy iPr AmrIkw clw igAw sI[ sMn 1913 ivc jdoN Zdr pwrtI bxI qW aus nUM doAwbw Kyqr dw ieMcwrj QwipAw igAw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN auh hiQAwrbMd Gol vwsqy pMjwb prq AwieAw sI[ auh zYldwr cMdw isMG dy kql ivc Swiml sI; aus ny AnwrklI bwzwr lwhOr ivc iek pulIs vwly nUM vI golI mwr ky hlwk kIqw sI;

11 jUn 1914 dy idn v`lw pul ’qy pulIs nwl hoey mukwbly ivc vI auh Swiml sI[srkwr ny aus dI igR&qwrI vwsqy eInwm r`K id`qw sI[ aus dy iek irSqydwr pRqwp isMG, jo jOVw ipMf dw rihx vwlw sI, ny pulIs nUM aus dy iTkwxy dw pqw ds id`qw sI Aqy auh 15 jUn dy idn PiVAw igAw sI[ aus nUM dohW kwrvweIAW ivc szwie-mOq id`qI geI sI[ aus nUM 12 Agsq 1915 dy idn lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI id`qI geI sI.

bMqw isMG nwnkwxw

BweI bMqw isMG (12.10.1894 -20.2.1921), pu`qr Bolw isMG iF`loN, dw jnm ipMf ibhwVw (izlHw hoiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN auh c`k nMbr 91 DMnUAW (izlHw Sy^Upurw) ivc rihx lg ipAw sI[ sMn 1911 ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ aus dI XUint nUM sRIlMkw ByijAw igAw sI[ pihlI v`fI jMg ivc aus nUM mYsopotwmIAw (ierwk) ivc ByijAw igAw sI, ij`Qy jnvrI 1916 ivc aus dI s`jI bWh z^mI ho geI sI[ ies kr ky aus nUM &Oj qoN irtwier kr id`qw igAw sI Aqy auh ipMf prq igAw sI[ 19 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN BweI lCmx isMG DwrovwlI nwnkwxw swihb nUM mhMq nrYxU qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy jQw lY ky igAw sI qW auh vI aus j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN auh nwnkwxw swihb jnm AsQwn ivc gey sn qW mhMq nrYxU Aqy aus dy ilAWdy kwqlW ny swry is`KW nUM ^qm kr id`qw sI[ q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw.

bMqw isMG (jYqo)

1. BweI bMqw isMG izlHw kpUrQlw dy ipMf kwly lMgy dw rihx vwlw sI[ sMn 1924 ivc jdoN jYqo morcw SurU hoieAw sI qW ieh sqvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw pihlI jUn 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN c`l ky 29 jUn dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ienHW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn kæYd dOrwn hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI

2. BweI bMqw isMG izlHw AMimRqsr dy ipMf jlwl ausmwn dw rihx vwlw sI[ sMn 1924 ivc jdoN jYqo morcw SurU hoieAw sI qW ieh sqvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 1 jUn 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN c`l ky 29 jUn dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ienHW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn kæYd dOrwn hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI hor vyKo: jYqo morcw.

bMqw isMG DwmIAw

BweI bMqw isMG (1900 – 12.12.1923), dw jnm ipMf DwmIAW klW (izlHw jlMDr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ 16 &rvrI 1923 dy idn aus dw myl BweI ikSn isMG gVg`j nwl hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN aus ny &Oj dI nOkrI C`f id`qI sI Aqy bbr AkwlI lihr dw ih`sw bx igAw sI[ aus ny 3 mwrc 1823 dy idn jmSyr ipMf dy fwky, 11 mwrc dy idn pulIs mu^br bUtw dy kql, 13 nvMbr dy idn kotlI dy jvwlw isMG mu^br dy kql ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ 12 dsMbr 1923 dy idn jdoN bMqw isMG, jvwlw isMG (&qihpur koTI) qy virAwm isMG Du`gw nwl muMfyr ipMf ivc jgq isMG kol gey hoey sn qW jgq isMG ny pulIs nUM ^br dy id`qI hoeI sI[

aus ny aunHW dI rotI pwxI dw ieMqzwm kIqw sI qy aunHW nUM Awrwm krn vwsqy kih ky KyyqW ivc kMm krn dy bhwny bwhr inkl igAw sI Aqy jlMDr CwauxI ivc jnrl iPts nUM ^br dy id`qI sI[ dupihr qk fI.sI. jYkb qy supfYNt puls sYNkVy AMgryz &OjI Aqy do mSIn gMnW lY ky auQy pu`j gey sn Aqy ipMf nUM swry pwisAW qoN Gyrw pw ilAw sI Aqy swry ipMf vwsIAW nUM ipMf qoN bwhr iPrnI ’qy Aw jwx vwsqy hukm kIqw sI[ jd B`j dOV dI Awvwz bbrW nUM suxweI id`qI sI qW aunHW ny bwhr ingwh mwrI sI[ jd aunHW swry ipMf nUM &Oj dw Gyrw ipAw vyiKAw qW aunHW ny &Yslw kIqw sI ik QoVHw QoVHw mukwblw kr ky &Oj nUM hnyrw pYx qk aulJweI r`iKAw jwvy Aqy hnyry dI Et ivc inklx dI koiSS kIqI jwvy[ ies dy nwl hI iqMny bbr jgq isMG dy Gr ivcoN inkl ky nwl lgdy byAMq isMG imsqrI dy Gr vV ky aus dy cObwry ivc phuMc gey sn Aqy puzIsnW lY leIAW sn[ fI.sI. jYkb ny h`Q dy spIkr qoN aunHW nUM ikhw ik qusIN swry pwisEN iGr cuky ho ies vwsqy Awpxy Awp nUM &Oj dy hvwly kr idE[ jd auh Ajy bol hI irhw sI qW iek bbr ny aus v`l golI clweI sI; auh bc qW igAw sI pr aus mgroN &Oj ny aunHW ’qy golIAW clwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ bbr ruk-ruk ky golI clwauNdy rhy sn[ jd &Oj ny vyiKAw ik kwmXwbI nhIN iml rhI qW aus ny byAMq isMG imsqrI dy mkwn nUM A`g lw id`qI sI[ pihlW qW bbrW nUM A`g dw pqw nw l`gw pr jd DUMAW bhuq au`iTAw sI qW auh bwhr inkl Awey sn[ bMqw isMG DwmIAW qy jvwlw isMG mUhrly dr ivcoN inkly sn qy inklidAW hI mSIn gMn dy &wierW nwl ClxI ho ky mwry gey sn[ virAwm isMG ny ipCly pwsy ClWg mwr ky B`jx dI koiSS kIqI sI[ au~Qy vI &OjI KVy sn; virAwm isMG ny aunHW ’qy &wier kIqw sI; jd iek ispwhI golI nwl z^mI ho igAw qW bwkI &OjI Et l`Bx vwsqy dOVy sn[ eyny ivc virAwm isMG hnyry dI Et ivc bc ky inkl igAw sI[(bwAd ivc 8 jUn 1924 dy idn auh vI ShId ho igAw sI).

bnKMfI

bnKMfI (sMn 1763-1863) iek swDU sI, ijs dw Asl nW bwl cMd sI[ ieh rwmcMdR nW dy iek bRwhmx dy Gr mwqw mnormw dy audr qoN pYdw hoieAw sI[ ds swl dI aumr ivc ieh iek audwsI swDU mylw rwm dw cylw bx igAw sI Aqy aus ny ies dw nW bnKMfI r`K id`qw sI[ pihlW qW ieh mylw rwm dy nwl ivcrdw irhw sI, mgroN ies ny AwpxI vKrI mMflI bxw leI sI[ sMn 1823 ivc ies ny isMD dy ielwky ivc, rohVI qy s`Kr dy ivckwr, iek twpU dy AYn ivckwr Awpxw fyrw kwiem kr ilAw sI[ ies QW dw nW swDubylw jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ pihlW ie`Qy isr& gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS huMdw sI; AMgRyzW dy rwj ivc ihMdUAW ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ky ies nUM mMdr bxw ilAw sI[ sMn 1889 ivc ies dI v`fI iemwrq bxweI geI sI[ sMn 2010 ivc isMD dirAw ivc hVH Awaux nwl iemwrq dw kw&I nukswn hoieAw sI; mgroN pwiksqwn srkwr ny Awpxy ^rc ’qy ies dI murMmq krvw id`qI sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN ie`QooN dw mhMq muMbeI clw igAw sI Aqy au~Qy bwbw bnKMfI dy nW hyT nvW fyrw kwiem kr ilAw sI[ hux bnKMfI dI g`dI dw muKI au~Qy hI rihMdw hY[ hr swl iqMn ku hzwr isMDI ihMdU bnKMfI dw idn mnwaux vwsqy swDUbylw jWdy hn.

swDubylw mMdr dUroN twpU dw idRS

swDubylw mMdr nyVy dw idRS

bMdw isMG bhwdur

mhwn is`K jrnYl bwbw bMdw isMG dw jnm 27 AkqUbr 1670 dy idn rwm dyv dy Gr, rjOVI (kSmIr) ivc hoieAw sI (aus dy jnm AsQwn bwry hor irvwieq vI imldI hY)[ auh rwjpUq ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ aus dw pihlw nW lCmx dws sI[ lCmx dws jdoN jvwn hoieAw sI qW aus ny GoVsvwrI Aqy hiQAwr clwaux dI is`iKAw leI sI[ aus ƒ iSkwr krn dw bVw SONk sI Aqy auh iSkwr krn vwsqy au~cy phwVW v`l Aksr jwieAw krdw sI[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ iek vwr aus ny iek ihrnI dw iSkwr kIqw sI[ aus ihrnI dw iek b`cw aus dy swhmxy qVp-qVp ky mr igAw sI[ ies idRS ny aus nUM audws kr id`qw sI; ies idRS ny aus dI soc bdl id`qI sI[ ieq&wkn aunHIN idnIN hI iek vYrwgI swDUAW dw tolw vI aus ƒ imilAw sI[ auh Gr bwr C`f ky aunHW nwl rl igAw sI bYrwgI swDU bx igAw sI[ swDUAW ny aus dw nW mwDo dws r`iKAw sI qW jo aus dy Gr idAW nUM aus bwry pqw nw lg sky[ auh swDUAW nwl GuMmdw-GuMmdw iek vwr burhwnpur (m`D pRdyS) igAw sI[ ij`Qy auh bwbw lUxIAw kol 3 swl irhw sI[ ies vkq aus dI aumr isr& 22 swl sI[ sMn sMn 1692 ivc auh d`Kx v`l clw igAw sI Aqy nMdyV ivc Awpxw fyrw kwiem kr ilAw sI[ do swl mgroN julweI 1694 ivc auh hrduAwr, irSIkyS Aqy knKl AwieAw sI[ ie`Qy aus dI mulwkwq gurU goibMd isMG swihb nwl hoeI sI, jo Kurv`DI (hux fyhrwdUn) qoN AnMdpur jw rhy sn[ gurU swihb dI S^sIAq ny aus ‟qy Aimt Cwp C`f id`qI sI; pr, gurU swihb CyqI hI AnMdpur swihb nUM gey sn qy aunHW dI hor mulwkwq nhIN ho skI sI[

julweI 1708 ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb bhwdr Swh nwl d`Kx jw rhy sn, pr aus dy mn ivc AweI qbdIlI kwrn gurU jI ny aus dw swQ C`f id`qw sI Aqy auh rwh ivc ruk gey sn[ie`Qy auh nMdyV ivc mwDo dws dy fyry ‟qy jw Tihry sn[ mwDo dws gurU swihb dy dobwrw drSn kr ky bVw ^uS hoieAw sI[ gurU swihb dI S^sIAq ny qW pihloN hI aus ƒ Asr-AMdwz kIqw hoieAw sI, hux aus ny gurU swihb dw is`K bxn dI ^wihS dw iezhwr kIqw sI [ A^Ir 4 sqMbr 1708 dy idn gurU swihb ny aus ƒ KMfy dw pwhul id`qI sI Aqy aus dw nW bMdw isMG r`iKAw sI[

5 AkqUbr 1708 ƒ gurU swihb ny bMdw isMG ƒ Kwlsw &OjW dw muKI bxw ky pMjwb ƒ Awzwd krvwaux Aqy zwlmW ƒ szw dyx vwsqy pMjwb ByijAw sI[ bMdw isMG ny pMjwb Aw ky gurU swihb dy ^ws-^ws is`KW nwl rwbqw bxwieAw sI[ gurU swihb dy hukmnwmy vyK ky swry is`K Kwlsw &Oj ivc Swiml ho gey sn[ isr& iek swl dy AMdr AMdr hI bMdw isMG nwl hzwrW is`K rl cu`ky sn[

bwbw bMdw isMG dw pihlw AYkSn 26 sqMbr 1709 dy idn smwxw ‟qy sI[ ies pihlI lVweI ivc is`K &OjW ny kmwl dI ij`q hwisl kIqI[ ies mgroN aus ny GuVwm, Tskw, Swhbwd, musq&wbwd Aqy sFOrw ‟qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ 12 meI 1710 dI c`pVicVI dI lVweI mgroN srhMd vI bMdw isMG dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw sI[ srhMd ‟qy kbzy mgroN bMdw isMG ny Kwlsw rwj dw is`kw jwrI kIqw sI[ aus ny Kwlsw rwj dI mohr Aqy nvW sMmq vI jwrI kIqw sI[ bMdw isMG ny ij`qy hoey ielwikAW dw inzwm is`K jrnYlW ƒ sONp id`qw sI[ aus ny Awpxy Awp ƒ hwkm nhIN AYlwinAw sI Aqy nw hI “mhwrwjw” dw i^qwb ilAw sI[ aus ny gurU dy nW ‟qy gurU dI hkUmq kwiem kIqI sI[

jdoN muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ƒ d`Kx qoN id`lI nUM muVidAW is`KW dI kwmXwbI dw pqw l`gw sI qW auh iek bVI v`fI &Oj lY ky pMjwb v`l Aw igAw sI[ bhwdr Swh ny iek-fyF mhIny ivc hI pMjwb ‟qy muV AwpxI hkUmq kwiem kr leI sI[ aus ny bMdw isMG dw iklHw lohgVH vI Gyr ilAw sI pr 30 nvMbr 1710 dy idn bMdw isMG ieQoN bc ky phwVW v`l inkl igAw sI[ ies dOrwn aus dy sYNkVy swQI mwry gey sn[

sMn 1711 dIAW grmIAW ivc auh Pyr &Oj lY ky pMjwb muV AwieAw sI[ ies dOrwn aunHW ny bhwdr Swh dI &Oj nwl t`kr lYxI munwisb nhIN smJI sI[ auDr bMdw isMG nUM kwbU nw kr skx dI dihSq dw mwirAw hoieAw bwdSwh bhwdr Swh pwZl ho igAw sI Aqy auh 28 PrvrI 1711 dy idn lwhOr ivc mr igAw sI[ ies mgroN bMdw isMG ny Pyr keI ielwky muV ij`q ley sn[ auDr id`lI drbwr ivc q^q ‟qy kbzy vwsqy gVbV cl rhI sI qy bMdw isMG dw mukwblw krn koeI nhIN AwieAw sI[ 11 &rvrI 1713 ƒ &ru^sIAr id`lI dy q^q ‟qy bYTw sI[ aus ny Abdul smd Kwn ƒ lwhOr dw sUbydwr qwienwq kr id`qw sI[ Abdul smd Kwn dy is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm SurU kr id`qI sI[ aus ny GrW ivcoN PV-PV ky is`K mwrny SurU kr id`qy sn[ nvMbr 1713 ivc aus ny kql kIqy gey is`KW dy 900 isr g`ifAW ‟qy l`d ky id`lI Byjy sn Aqy 29 nvMbr ƒ cWdnI cONk ivc ienHW dI „numwieS‟ lweI geI sI[

auDr bMdw isMG ny vI AwpxI muihMm SurU kr leI hoeI sI, pr hoxI ny vI bMdw isMG dw ip`Cw nhIN C`ifAw sI[ ApRYl 1715 ivc jdoN auh gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc sI qW hzwrW muZl &OjW ny gVHI ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ bMdw isMG ny ieQy gurIlw lVweI SurU kr id`qI sI[ aus dy sYNkVy swQI ieM\ mwry gey sn[ ieh Gyrw 8 mhIny ipAw irhw sI[ A^Ir gVHI dy AMdr dwxy mu`k gey qy isMGW ivc lVn dI qæwkæq mu`kx l`g peI sI[ ieM\ inFwl pey is`KW ƒ muZl &OjW ny 7 dsMbr 1715 dy idn igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[ ienHW ivc bMdw isMG, aus dw 4 swl dw bytw Aqy 2-3 sO is`K Swiml sn[ ienHW ƒ r`isAW nwl bMnH ky pihlW lwhOr, iPr srhMd Aqy iPr id`lI iljwieAw igAw sI[ ies dOrwn hor is`K PV ky vI gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivcoN PVy is`KW ivc Swiml kr ley gey sn; ienHW dI igxqI s`q sO qoN vD cukI sI[ 29 &rvrI 1716 dy idn ienHW swirAW ƒ 3-4 hzwr mwry jw cuky is`KW dy isrW sxy id`lI dy bwzwrW ivc jlUs dI Skl ivc iljwieAw igAw sI[

bMdw isMG ƒ id`lI ivc slImgVH iklHy ivc swFy iqMn mhIny kYd r`Kx Aqy qsIhy dyx mgroN kql krn dw hukm dy id`qw igAw sI[ jUn 1716 dy pihly h&qy ivc hr roz 100-100 is`K cWdnI cOk ivc iljw ky kql kIqy gey sn[ 9 jUn 1716 dy idn bMdw isMG ƒ vI kql kr id`qw igAw sI[ bMdw isMG ƒ bVI byrihmI nwl kql kIqw igAw [ sB qoN pihlW aus dy 4 swl dy byty AjY isMG ƒ kql kIqw igAw qy aus b`cy dw sInw v`F ky aus dw klyjw k`F ky aunHW dy mUMh ivc D`kx dI koiSS kIqI geI sI[

ies qoN bwAd sIKW grm kr ky bMdw isMG dIAW A`KW k`FIAW geIAW sn[ iPr aunHW dIAW bwhW l`qW v`FIAW geIAW sn[ ieM\ aus ƒ bMd-bMd k`t ky mwirAw igAw sI[ (kudrq dw Bwxw ieh hoieAw ik iqMn swl mgroN bMdw isMG ƒ ieM\ ShId krn dw hukm dyx vwly bwdSwh &ru^sIAr ƒ vI ieM\ hI mwirAw igAw sI)[

bMdw isMG Kwlsw rwj dw moFI sI[ aud ny pMjwb ij`qx mgroN iksy mhwrwjw vWg bwdSwhq dw qwj nhIN sI pihixAw Aqy nw hI aus ny bwdSwh vjoN hkUmq kIqI sI[ ij`Qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy dUjy is`K rwijAW dI hkUmq ^wndwnI sI auQy bMdw isMG dI hkUmq lok hkUmq sI[

bMdw isMG jdoN Kwlsw &OjW dy jrnYl bixAw sI audoN auh Ajy kuAwrw sI[ aus dw ivAwh swihb kOr* (bytI iSv rwm kpUr) nwl 20 jUn 1710 dy idn srhMd ivc hoieAw sI[

{*swihb kOr iSv rwm kpUr dI qyBwgvMqI dI bytI sI [ (BweI nMd lwl dy cwr b`cy sn: BwgvMqI, mMgl sYn, Bwg m`l Aqy bwg m`l[ ApRYl 1660 ivc gurU hirrwie swihb jdoN isAwlkot Awey sn qW kuJ idn ienHW dy Gr Tihry sn[ ShId hkIkq isMG (ijs nUM iksy lyKk ny Zlq qOr ‟qy hkIkq rwey iliKAw sI) iesy ^wndwn ivcoN sI[ auh bwg m`l dw bytw sI[ aus ƒ 18 jnvrI 1735 dy idn aus dy mwmy BweI Arjn isMG nwl ShId kIqw igAw sI)[ bwbw bMdw isMG dI dUjI SwdI cMbw dy rwjy dI bytI nwl hoeI sI[ bMdw isMG dy Gr do byty pYdw hoey sn:  v`fw  rxjIq  isMG  (jo  swihb  kOr  dI  ku`K qoN  pYdw  hoieAw  sI)  qy  Cotw  AjY isMG  (jo  cMby  vwlI rwjkumwrI dI ku`K qoN pYdw hoieAw sI)[ v`fy byty rxjIq isMG dw jnm tWfw Fotw (irAwsI) ivc BweI myhr isMG DUqw dy mkwn ivc hoieAw sI[

iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ bMdw isMG dI lwS dy tukVy aus dw swlw swihb isMG qy Amr isMG iek sUhI p`g ivc bMnH ky id`lI qoN irAwsI lY gey sn, ij`Qy aus dw sskwr kr id`qw igAw sI[

bMdw isMG dw Cotw bytw aus dy nwl hI ShId kr id`qw igAw sI[ v`fy byty rxjIq isMG dI pIVHI cldI rhI sI[ ies rxjIq isMG dI mOq 24 julweI 1753 dy idn hoeI sI[ rxjIq isMG dy do byty sn: juJwr isMG qy zorwvr isMG [ juJwr isMG dy A`goN do byty sn: Pqih isMG qy sucyq isMG[ zorwvr isMG dw iek bytw sI: Arjn isMG[ Arjn isMG dw bytw KVk isMG Aqy KVk isMG dw bytw dXw isMG sI[ dXw isMG dw bytw sujwn isMG sI [ sujwn isMG ibnW AOlwd cVHweI kr igAw sI[ aus dy mgroN irAwsI dI syvw Aqr isMG qy mgroN srdUl isMG ƒ sMBwlI geI sI[ aus mgroN ieh syvw jiqMdrpwl isMG ny sMBwlI sI[

bMdw isMG dI ShIdI vwlI QW ‟qy (mihrolI, id`lI) ivc iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw hY[ irAwsI ivc aus dI irhwieS vwlI QW A`j vI sMBwlI hoeI hY. hor vyKo: srhMd, id`lI, lohgVH.

bMdw isMG dw iek kwlpink ic`qr

 

bMdw isMG bhwdur dw nMdyV ivc fyrw

 

irAwsI ivc bMdw isMG bhwdur dI irhwieS vwlI QW (purwxI qsvIr)

 

irAwsI ivc bMdw isMG bhwdur dI irhwieS vwlI QW

 

c`pV icVI ipMf ivc Xwdgwr
hor vyKo: c`pV icVI.

 

gurdws nMgl ivc Xwdgwr

 

lohgVH ipMf (iklHw) ivc Xwdgwr

 

id`lI mihrolI ivc bMdw isMG dw ShIdI AsQwn

KWfw syhrI ivc bMdw isMG dw bu`q

bMdw isMG bhwdur dI dyx

bMdw isMG bhwdur iek S^s nhIN blik iek moAjzw (krwmwq) sI[ aus ny pMc nd (pMj dirAwvW) dI DrqI ‟qy iek mhwn ienklwb ilAWdw sI[ bMdw isMG dI ShIdI AjweIN nhIN geI sI[ ies ShIdI ny is`K pMQ dI, pMjwb dI qy swry jzIry (eySIAw) dI qvwrI^ bdlx dw AwZwz kr idqw[ aus ny iek hzwr swl dI ivdySI hkUmq ƒ iek vwr qW qoV ky rK idqw sI[ auh Aijhw jrnYl sI ijs ny dunIAW dI sB qoN v`fI slqnq dIAW jVHW ihlw ky rK idqIAW[ aus dy ijaUNidAW jIA isr& bwdSwh hI nhIN blik cwr-pMj sUibAW dy gvrnr vI, iek rwq vI, Amn-cYn nwl sON nhIN sky sn[ muZl srkwr dI iek l`K qoN v`D &Oj (do-iqhweI qoN vI vD &Oj) bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy lgI rhI[

ies j`dojihd dOrwn qIh-cwlHI hzwr qoN vI vD is`K ShId hoey[ ies dy bwvjUd is`K kOm AwzwdI vwsqy jUJdI rhI[ bMdw isMG qoN bwAd vI muZl bwdSwh pMjwb ivc su`K dI hkUmq nw kr sky[ pMjwb coN ih`lIAW muZl drbwr dIAW jVHW swry pwsy PYl geIAW qy A^Ir is`K pMjwb hI nhIN blik ihMdUsqwn, rwjsQwn qy phwVW ivc vI isAwsI &Ysly krn vwlI hsqI bx cuky sn[ ieh swrw kuJ bMdw isMG dI hI dyx sI[

auN\ jy rqn isMG BMgU vrgy lyKkW dI ieh g`p mMn leIey ik gurU goibMd isMG jI dIAW pqnIAW, pwilq AjIq isMG pwilq qy srkwrI q`q Kwlsw ny bMdw isMG dy i^lw&, muZlW dI is`DI qy Ais`DI mdd kIqI qW qy hor vI kmwl hY ik ies hwlq dy bwvjUd vI bwbw bMdw isMG ny jo kwrnwmw kIqw auh is`KW dI qvwrI^ dw, gurU-kwl qoN mgroN dw, sB qoN vD sunihrI kwl hY[

bMdw isMG ny pMjwbIAW (Aqy muZl slqnq ivc rih rhIAW dUjIAW kOmW) nUM kOmIAq dw pihlw sbk pVHwieAw pr Zulwm izhnIAq vwly lok ies nUM smJ nhIN sky sn[ isr& is`K kOm ny hI ies nUM smiJAw, kbUilAw qy ies vwsqy byimswl kurbwnIAW dy ky pMjwb nUM kOmIAq idvweI[

bMdw isMG ny is`KW ƒ AwzwdI dI kImq smJweI[ iek hwkm Aqy Zulwm dw &rk smJx mgroN is`KW ny muV ZulwmI kbUlx qoN nWh kr idqI[ bMdw isMG ny is`KW ƒ nvIN (hkUmq dI) SwhI muhr, KwlsweI is`kw Aqy nvW sMmq id`qw[ aus ny jwgIrdwrI ^qm krn dI soc ƒ qvwrI^ ivc pihlI vwr Aml ivc ilAw ky idKwieAw aus ny hr iek vwhI krn vwly ƒ zmIn dw mwilk bxw idqw[ aus ny is`KW ƒ lIfriSp Aqy hIroiSp dw &ls&w idRV krvwieAw[ aus ny is`KW ƒ jQybMd ho ky jyqU hox dw Aihsws smJwieAw[

aus ny ShIdI vyly Aw^rW dy qsIhy brdwSq kr ky eIn nw mMnx Aqy Drm Aqy AxK ^wqr kurbwn hox dI imswl pyS kIqI[ dunIAW Br dI qvwrI^ ivc ies qrHW dy qsIhy sih ky, au& kIqy ibnw, iksy hor ny ieM\ ShIdI nhIN idqI hovygI[ aus ny s`cw is`KI-jIvn ijaUx dw rwh smJwieAw Aqy Awp vI iek s`cy is`K vWg jIivAw Aqy mirAw[ isr& 45 swl dI aumr ivc hI aus ny ies swry kmwl ƒ AMjwm kr ky idKwieAw[

is`K qvwrI^ ivc bMdw isMG dw nW gurU swihbwn qoN mgroN dI qvwrI^ ivc sB qoN vD AhmIAq rKdw hY[ bwkI dI &OjI qy isAwsI qvwrI^ aus v`loN hwisl kIqI geI kwmXwbI dI buinAwd ‟qy ausrI sI Aqy ies mihl dIAW mzbUq nINhW aus ny hI r`KIAW sn.

blvMq isMG knyfIAn

BweI blvMq isMG (15.9.1882 – 16.3.1917), pu`qr buD isMG, dw jnm ipMf Kurdpur (izlHw jlMDr) ivc hoieAw sI (ieh ipMf Awdmpur dy iblkul nwl lgdw hY)[ skUl dI ividAw pUrI krn mgroN sMn 1905 ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ Agly swl sMn 1906 ivc auh knyfw clw igAw sI[ vYnkUvr ivc pihlw gurduAwrw bxwaux vwilAW ivcoN auh iek sI; ieh gurduAwrw 22 julweI 1906 dy idn iek ikrwey vwly Gr ivc SurU kIqw igAw sI[ mgroN 19 jnvrI 1908 dy idn gurduAwry vwsqy 1866, sYkMf AYvinaU vwlI QW ‟qy iek nvIN iemwrq lY leI geI sI[ blvMq isMG nUM ies gurduAwry ivc gRMQI dI syvw sONpI geI sI[ sMn 1908-09 ivc knyfw ivc bhuq mMdI dw dOr SurU ho igAw sI[ lokW nUM kMm imlxw muSikl ho igAw sI[ knyfIAn hwkmW ny kuJ knyfw vwsIAW nUM brqwnIAw dI iek klonI hWfUrws ivc Byjx dw plwn bxwieAw sI[ ies skIm hyT swry is`KW nUM aus mulk ivc Byj dyx dI Xojnw bxweI geI sI[ knyfw dy AMdrUnI mwmilAW dy vzIr dy pRweIvyt sYktrI jy.bI. hriknz ny kuJ lokW nUM nwl lY ky hWfUrws dw dOrw kIqw sI; ienHW ivc blvMq isMG vI sI[ au~Qy hwlwq vyK ky vwips Aw ky blvMq isMG Aqy pRo qyjw isMG ny is`KW nUM d`isAw sI ik hoNfrs ivc cMgy hwlwq nhIN hn Aqy aunHW nUM au~Qy nw jwx vwsqy slwh id`qI sI[ ies nwl knyfw srkwr blvMq isMG qoN bhuq AOKI hoeI sI[

sMn 1911 ivc blvMq isMG pMjwb AwieAw sI[ 21 jnvrI 1912 dy idn auh Aqy BweI Bwg isMG Awpxy nwl Awpxy pirvwrW nUM knyfw lY gey sn[ knyfIAn hwkmW ny dohW dy pirvwrW nUM knyfw ivc auqrn dI iejwzq dyx qoN pihlW qW nWh kr id`qI sI, pr vYnkUvr dy is`KW dI j`dojihd sdkw 3 jUn 1912 dy idn aunHW nUM knyfw ivc rihx dI KulH qW dy id`qI geI sI; pr nwl hI ieh vI kih id`qw ik ies qoN mgroN iksy hor pirvwr nUM Awaux nhIN id`qw jwvygw[ ie`Qy blvMq isMG dI pqnI krqwr kOr ny 28 Agsq 1912 dy idn byty hridAwl isMG nUM jnm id`qw sI[

22 &rvrI 1913 dy idn Kwlsw dIvwn soswietI ny blvMq isMG, nrYx isMG Aqy nMd isMG nUM pirvwrW nUM ilAwaux ‟qy pwbMdI dy i^lw& brqwnvI srkwr qk phuMc krn dI izMmydwrI lweI sI[ ienHW iqMnW is`KW dw fYpUtySn pihlW lMfn igAw sI Aqy iPr id`lI jw ky au~QoN dy brqwnvI hwkmW qk phuMc kIqI sI; pr koeI is`tw nhIN inkilAw sI[ 8 Agsq 1913 dy idn blvMq isMG ny brYflw hwl lwhOr ivc is`K AwgUAW dy iek`T ivc qkrIr kr ky knyfw ivc is`KW dy hwlwq bwry jwxkwrI id`qI sI[ ies mgroN aus ny hor jgh jw ky vI is`KW nUM knyfw dy is`KW dI hwlq dw ibAwn kIqw sI[ 18 sqMbr 1913 dy idn blvMq isMG ny iSmlw ivc iek mItMg dOrwn pMjwb dy lY&tInYNt gvrnr mweIkl aufvwier dy mUMh ‟qy aus nUM AijhIAW ^rIAW-KrIAW suxweIAW sn ik auh Ctptw au~iTAw sI[ aufvwier ny AwpxI ikqwb „ieMfIAw AYz AweI inaU iet‟ ivc s&w 191 ‟qy ies Gtnw dw izkr kIqw sI (aufvwier ny blvMq isMG dIAW g`lW nUM hmySw Awpxy idl ivc lweI r`iKAw sI Aqy aus vwsqy AwpxI n&rq nUM aus dI &WsI qIk vI BulwieAw nhIN sI)[

5 AkqUbr 1913 dy idn blvMq isMG ny Bwrq ivc brqwnIAw dy vwiesrwey lwrf hwrifMg nwl mulwkwq kr ky knyfw ivc iemIgrySn A&srW dIAW izAwdqIAW dI inDVk ho ky pySkwrI kIqI sI[ 20 dsMbr 1913 dy idn ies fYputySn ny vwiesrwey nUM knyfw ivc is`KW nwl ivqkry sbMDI iek mYmorMfm vI id`qw sI[

ie`Qy ieh d`sxw zrUrI hY ik blvMq isMG v`loN phuMc kIqy jwx dy bwvjUd lwlw lwjpq rwey ny knyfw dy is`KW dI koeI vI mdd krn qoN korI nWh kr id`qI sI (hwlWik lwlw lwjpq rwey knyfw dy is`KW qoN audoN dy 70 hzwr fwlr iek`Ty kr ky ilAwieAw hoieAw sI)[ ieM\ hI cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy AwgUAW ny vI koeI mdd krn qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ isr& qyjw isMG smuMdrI Aqy mwstr qwrw isMG ny knyfw dy is`KW vwsqy A^bwrW ivc ilK ky hwA dw nwArw mwirAw sI[

vqn qoN knyfw vwpsI smNy blvMq isMG dI mulwkwq rsqy ivc mugI (jpwn) ivc kwmwgwtw mwrU jhwz iljw rhy (bwbw) guridq isMG srhwlI nwl hoeI sI[ jd kwmwgwtw mwrU jhwz vYnkUvr pu`jw sI Aqy aus dy muswi&rW nUM auqrn nhIN id`qw jw irhw sI qW knyfw dy is`KW ny aunHW dI mdd krn vwsqy iek “Sor kmytI” bxweI sI; blvMq isMG nUM iek kmytI dw mYNbr bxwieAw igAw sI[ blvMq isMG Aqy myvw isMG 23 julweI 1914 dy idn AmrIkw qoN hiQAwr lYx vwsqy inkly sn ik knyfIAn hwkmW ny aunHW nUM srh`d ‟qy igR&qwr kr ilAw sI Aqy kwmwgwtw mwrU jhwz dy vwips jwx qoN mgroN hI irhw kIqw sI[

ies mgroN 5 sqMbr 1914 dy idn bylw isMG ijAwx ny gurduAwry ivc BweI Bwg isMG Aqy BweI bqn isMG nUM kql kr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN 21 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn myvw isMG lopoky ny is`KW dy i^lw& swizSW krn vwly A&sr hwpiknsn (jo bylw isMG Zdwr dw srpRsq sI) dw ^Un kr id`qw sI (myvw isMG nUM 11 jnvrI 1915 dy idn &WsI dy id`qI geI sI)[ knyfw dy hwkmW ny blvMq isMG nUM vI hwpiknsn dy kql dI swizS dy nW ‟qy Pswaux dI koiSS kIqI sI, pr sbUq nw hox kr ky auh kwmXwb nhIN ho sky sn[

ies hwlq ivc blvMq isMG ny pirvwr nwl knyfw qoN pMjwb cly jwx dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[ auh pMjwb jWidAW kuJ idn vwsqy SMGweI (cIn) ivc ruikAw sI[ ie`QoN aus ny pirvwr nUM pMMjwb Byj id`qw sI Aqy Awp Zdr pwrtI dIAW kwrvweIAW nUM jQybMd krn lg ipAw sI[ blvMq isMG, bqn isMG kwhrI Aqy krqwr isMG nvWcMd iqMny 13 julweI dy idn bYNkwk (QweIlYNf) pu`jy sn[ ie`Qy blvMq isMG bImwr pY igAw sI Aqy aus nUM hspqwl ivc dwi^l hoxw pY igAw sI[ ie`QoN pihlI Agsq 1915 dy idn aus nUM ZYr-kwnUMnI qrIky nwl igR&qwr kr ky pihlW isMgwpur, iPr klk`qw Aqy aus mgroN pMjwb iljwieAw igAw sI[ ies dOrwn aus ‟qy bhuq BwrI qS`dd kIqw igAw sI[ aus nUM julweI 1916 ivc pMjwb iljw ky „dUjw lwhOr swizS kys‟ ivc Swiml kr ky aus ‟qy muk`dmw clwieAw igAw sI[ aus dy i^lw& Zdwr bylw isMG ijAwx, mMgl isMG ijAwx, Amn shoqw, byAMq isMG Awid ny JUTIAW gvwhIAW id`qIAW sn[ ienHW ZdwrW dIAW gvwhIAW qoN isvw aus dy i^lw& koeI p`kw sbUq nhIN sI, pr iPr vI aus nUM D`ky nwl &WsI dI szw Aqy jwiedwd zbqI dI suxweI geI sI, ikauNik auh brqwnvI hwkmW nUM bhuq cuBdw sI[ aus nUM 30 mwrc 1917 dy idn &WsI id`qI jwxI sI; pr pMjwb dy gvrnr mweIkl aufvwier (jo aus smyN lY&tInYNt gvrnr sI) ny blvMq isMG ‟qy Awpxw purwxw Zu`sw k`Fx vwsqy ieh &WsI iek idn pihlW id`qy jwx vwsqy spYSl hukm ‟qy dsq^q kIqy sn Aqy aus nUM 29 mwrc dy idn lwhOr jyl ivc &WsI ‟qy ltkw id`qw igAw sI[ aus dI pqnI nNUM aus nwl Aw^rI mulwkwq vI nhIN krn id`qI sI[ ieM\ iek kYdI dy G`to-G`t h`k dw vI Gwx kIqw igAw sI[ ieh sI AMgRyzW dI zwlmwnw izhnIAq dI iek imswl.

BweI blvMq isMG dI iek purwxI Xwd

BweI blvMq isMG Aqy aus dw pirvwr

bwlU hsnw

bwlU hsnw (13.11.1564-2.12.1660), pu`qr pMfq hrI d`q gOV bRwhmx, dw jnm sRIngr (kSmIr) ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh Almsq dw s`kw Brw sI[ jdoN gurU hirgibMd swihb kSmIr gey sI qW ieh gurU jI dw syvk bx igAw sI[ ies ny kIrqpur ivc Aw ky gurU jI dy GoiVAW dI syvw sMBwl leI sI[ jdoN gurU jI GoVy ’qy cVH ky iSkwr vwsqy jWdy huMdy sn qW ieh aunHW dy GoVy dy ip`Cy dOiVAw krdw sI[ ies dw bcpn dw nW isr& bwlU sI; ikauNik ieh hr kMm ^uSI nwl h`s-h`s ky krdw huMdw sI ies kr ky gurU jI ies nUM ‘bwlU hsnw’ ikhw krdy sn[ mgroN ieh gurid`qw (pu`qr gurU hirgoibMd swihb) dw syvk bx igAw sI[ gurid`qw ny ies nUM Drm prcwr vwsqy poTohwr Byj id`qw sI[ gurid`qw dI mOq mgroN ieh iPr kIrqpur Aw igAw sI[ jUn 1656 ivc jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb bMgwl-ibhwr-Aswm dy dory ’qy gey sn qW ieh vI aunHW dy nwl igAw sI[ bwlU hsnw dy bhuq swry cyly bx gey sn[ ienHW ivcoN muK lwl dws qy aUDo dws sn[ bwlU hsnw dI mOq Kurv`DI/fyhrwdUn ivc hoeI sI[ rwm rwie dI pqnI pMjwb kOr dI mOq (8.4.1741) mgroN fyhrwdUn ivc rwm rwie dy fyirAW dw pRbMD bwlU hsnw dy cyilAW kol Aw igAw sI[ bwlU hsnw dI Xwdgwr fyhrwdUn ivc bxI hoeI hY.

blrwj swhnI

blrwj swhnI (1.5.1913 – 13.4.1973) dw jnm XuiDStr isMG swhnI vjoN Byrw (rwvlipMfI) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny srkwrI kwlj lwhOr qoN AYm.ey. ieMgilS kIqI sI[ ies mgroN auh vwips Gr muV igAw sI Aqy rwvlipMfI ivc ipqw dy vpwr ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ ies dOrwn hI sMn 1936 ivc aus ny AwpxI mihbUbw dmXMqI (ijs nUM auh ipAwr nwl ‘dMmo’ kih ky bulwauNdw huMdw sI) nwl SwdI kr leI sI[ ies mgroN auh dovyN rwibMdr nwQ tYgor kol ivSv BwrqI XUnIvristI (SWqI inkyqn) cly gey sn[ sMn 1939 ivc aus ny lMfn ivc bI.bI.sI. dI ihMdI brwfkwsitMg ivc nOkrI kr leI sI[ sMn 1943 ivc auh mulk vwips prq AwieAw sI[ dmXMqI ny byty pRIkSq swhnI (sMn 1939) Aqy bytI Sbnm (sMn 1943) nUM jnm id`qw sI[ dmXMqI sMn 1947 ivc cVHweI kr geI sI[ sMn 1951 ivc aus ny iek hor AOrq sMqoS cMfok nwl SwdI kr leI sI (ijs ny snobr bytI nUM jnm id`qw sI)[

blrwj swhnI nUM AYkitMg dw bhuq SOk sI[ aus dIAW sB qoN pihlIAW i&lmW ‘iensw&’ qy ‘DrqI ky lwl’ (sMn 1946) sn[ iesy swl aus dI pqnI dmXMqI (jo bImwr ho ky Agly swl hI mr geI sI) ny vI i&lmW ‘dUr clyN’ qy ‘guVIAw’ (sMn 1946) ivc rol kIqw sI[ sMn 1953 ivc blrwj swhnI ny ‘do bIGw zmIn’ i&lm ivc kmwl dw rol kIqw sI (ies i&lm vwsqy aus nuM kYAn i&lm &YstIvl ivc AYvwrf vI imilAw sI)[ sMn 1961 ivc ‘kwbulIvwlw’ i&lm ny aus dw nW hor vI cmkwieAw sI[ aus dIAW hor Amr i&lmW ivc ‘sImw’, ‘sony kI icVIAw’, ‘s`tw bwzwr’, ‘BwbI kI cUVIAW’, ‘kTpuqlI’, ‘lwjvMqI’, ‘Gr sMswr’, ‘Gr Gr kI khwxI’, ‘do rwsqy’, ‘eyk PUl do mwlI’, ‘hkIkq’, ‘vkq’, ‘sqluj dy kMFy’, ‘nwnk duKIAw sB sMswr’ (pMjwbI) Awid 80 qoN vD i&lmW Swiml sn[ aus dI izMdgI dI Aw^rI i&lm ‘grm hvw’ sI, jo aus dy mrn ip`CoN rlIz hoeI sI[ auh ipRQvI rwj kpUr dy ‘ipRQvI QIeytr’ nwl vI juiVAw hoieAw sI[

blrwj swhnI iek vDIAw ilKwrI vI sI[ pihlW aus isr& AMgRyzI ivc ilKdw huMdw sI, pr tYgor dy kihx ’qy aus ny isr& AwpxI mW bolI pMjwbI ivc ilKxw SurU kr idqw sI[ aus dIAW mShUr ikqwbW ivc Swiml hn: myrw pwiksqwnI s&rnwmw, myrw rUsI s&rnwmw, kwmy, iek s&r iek dwsqwn, ZYr jzbwqI fwierI, svY jIvnI[ blrwj swhnI ny pMjwbI ivc iek iekWgI ‘ArS &rS’ vI iliKAw sI ijs nUM aus ny AMimRqsr dy ‘Epn eyAr QIeytr’ ivc sMn 1972 ivc KyifAw sI[

blrwj swhnI nUM pMjwb nwl bhuq ipAwr sI[ auh Aksr pMjwb Aw ky irhw krdw sI[ pRIqngr (AMimRqsr) ivc aus ny iek Gr vI bxwieAw sI Aqy iek Awm pMjwbI vW| irhw krdw sI[ blrwj swhnI kimaUinst pwrtI ivc bhuq srgrm irhw sI[ auh kimaUinst pwrtI nwl sbMDq ‘Awl ieMfIAw XUQ &YfrySn’ dw pihlw pRDwn cuixAw igAw sI[ aus nUM sMn 1969 ivc pdmSRI AYvwrf id`qw igAw sI[ aus dy pu`qr pRIkSq swhnI ny vI i&lmW ivc h`Q AwzmwieAw sI[ aus dw Brw BISm swhnI vI iek au~c drjy dw klwkwr sI[

aus dw AwpxI bytI Sbnm (ijs dw swrw muhWdrw blrwj swhnI dI pihlI pqnI nwl imldw sI), Aqy ijs nUM auh ipAwr nwl S`boo kih ky bulwauNdw huMdw sI, nwl bhuq ipAwr sI[ auh sMn 1972 ivc mr geI sI qy ies mgroN auh bhuq audws rihx lg ipAw sI[ ieh audwsI dI hwlq ivc Agly swl hI idl dy dOry nwl aus dI vI mOq ho geI sI[ Bwrq srkwr ny sMn 2013 ivc aus dI Xwd ivc iek fwk itkt vI jwrI kIqI sI.

blrwj swhnI AwpxI pihlI pqnI dmXMqI nwl

blrwj swhnI dy kuJ i&lmI rol:

do bIGw zmIn

kwbulI vwlw

blrwj swhnI dI i&lm nwnk duKIAw sB sMswr

blrwj swhnI dI Xwd ivc jwrI fwk itkt

bwlmIk/bwlmIku/vwlmIk

(sMsikRq vwl@mIk) qvwrI^ ivc bwlmIk dw nW do sMdrB ivc AwauNdw hY :

1. rwmwiex nW dI ikqwb dw lyKk[ bwlmIk bwry keI khwxIAW pRcilq hn aunHW ivcoN iek ieh hY ik ieh iek bRwhmx pirvwr ivc pYdw hoieAw sI, pr mwipAW ny ies dw iqAwg kr id`qw sI[ ies hwlq ivc ieh lutyry phwVIAW dy h`Q cVH igAw sI[ aunHW ny hOlI-hOlI ies nUM corI krn Aqy rwhgIrW nUM lu`tx ivc mwhr bx ilAw sI[ iek vwr ies nUM iek irSI munI iml igAw qy ies ny aus nUM mwrn dI DmkI dy ky ikhw ik jo kuJ qyry kol hY k`F dyh[ ies ’qy aus munI ny ies nUM ikhw ik jwh pihlW AwpxI pqnI Aq`y b`icAW koloN pu`C Aw ik ienHW corIAW Aqy fwikAW ivc qusIN ih`sydwr ho qy szw ivc vI ih`sydwr hovogy[ jd aus ny pirvwr nwl ieh g`l kIqI sI qW aunHW ny szw ivc ih`sydwr bxnoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ ies ’qy auh vwips munI kol igAw sI[ aus ny aus munI dy kihx ’qy ies ny fwky mwrny C`f ky BgqI krnI SurU kr id`qI sI[ keI swl iek QW smwDI lw ky BgqI krn kr ky ies dw srIr kIVIAW dI bWbI (kIVIAW/isauNk v`loN bxwieAw im`tI dw Fyr) hyT FikAw igAw sI[ bhuq smW mgroN auh munI auDr AwieAw qW aus ny bwlmIk nUM ies bWbI (blmIk, vrmI) ivcoN k`iFAw, ijs kwrn ies dw nW vwlmIkI pY igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh iek bVw v`fw munI bixAw sI[ ies ny bRhmw dy AwdyS nwl ‘rwmwiex’ dI rcnw SurU kIqI sI (ies gRMQ dy 647 kWf hn Aqy slokW dI igxqI qkribn 24 hzwr hY. hor vyKo: rwmwXx)[

ieh buMdylKMf ielwky ivc icqrkUt dy phwVW ivc rihMdw sI (iek hor imQhwsk khwxI muqæwibkæ ies dw AwSrm mOjUdw AMimRqsr ngrI dy nyVy, ‘rwm qIrQ’ vwlI QW ’qy sI, ij`Qy ies dw mMdr bixAw hoieAw hY)[jdoN rwj rwm cMdr ny iek DobI dy imhxy sux ky grBvqI sIqw dw iqAwg kr id`qw sI qW ies ny aus nUM Awpxy AwSrm ivc rK ky pnwh id`qI sI[ sIqw dy dovyN b`cy iesy dy AwSrm ivc v`fy hoey sn qy ies qoN ividAw Aqy Ssqr isiKAw pRwpq kIqI sI[ mgroN ies ny aunHW b`icAW nUM rwm cMdr nUM sONp id`qw sI

2. bwlmIk dUjw: ieh iek btmwrIAw, (rwhzn, fwkU) sI[ ikauNik ieh imQhws hY keI rwmwiex dy lyKk nUM aupr izkr kIqI khwxI muqæwibkæ iek bRwhmx mMn lYNdy hn; pr kuJ ies bwlmIk nUM vKrw mMndy hn Aqy ies nUM BMgIAW dw gurU mMndy hn[ BMgI lok Awpxy Awp nUM bwlmIkIey AKvwauxw AwpxI Swn smJdy hn[ gurU gRMQ swihb ivc bwlmIk dw izkr do QWeIN AwieAw hY; au~Qy aus nUM AKOqI nIc zwq vwlw Aqy btvwrw (sMsikRq btrhæ= bwt/rwh ivc Koh krn vwlw, rwhzn, fwkU) pr mgroN BgqI krn vwlw, iliKAw igAw hY; iek Sbd ivc aus nUM supcwro (sMsikRq S@vpchæ = cMfwl: kuqy dw mws Kwx vwlw) vI iliKAw hY: DMnw jtu bwlmIku btvwrw, gurmuiK pwir pieAw (995), bwlmIku supcwro qirE, biDk qry ibcwry (999).

b`lU, BweI

BweI b`lU BweI (2.4.1560 – 13.4.1634) BweI mUlw dw pu`qr Aqy BweI rwE dw poqrw sI[ auh rwjpUqW dy prmwr ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ iksy zmwny ivc ieh pirvwr Kwn dyS (hux m`D pRdyS) dw hwkm sI[ muslmwnW dy hmilAW mgroN ieh B`j ky iSvwilk phwVW v`l inkl gey sn Aqy ihmwcl ivc nwhn dy ielwky ivc rihx lg pey sn[ 16vIN sdI ivc ieh nwhn qoN irAwsq mulqwn ivc cly gey sn qy ie`Qy dy iek ipMf AlIpur, izlHw muz`PrgVH (jo hux pwiksqwn ivc hY) rihx l`g pey sn[ BweI mUlw gurU swihbwn dw bVw v`fw SrDwlU sI[ aus dy 14 pu`qr sn[ ienHW ivcoN b`lU sB qoN v`fw sI[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny &Oj bxweI qW b`lU vI aus ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ b`lU dw gurU hirgoibMd swihb nwl bVw ipAwr sI[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd jI gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kYd rhy sn qW b`lU Aksr gvwlIAr jwieAw krdw sI[ AkqUbr 1619 ivc jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivcoN irhw ho ky goieMdvwl pu`jy sn qW b`lU aunHW is`KW ivcoN iek sI ijhVy gurU jI ƒ imlx vwsqy sB qoN pihlW pu`jy sn[ 28 jnvrI 1620 dy idn jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr nwl klwnOr (izlHw gurdwspur) ivc mulwkwq hoeI qW b`lU vI gurU swihb dy nwl sI[ ies sbMD ivc iek B`t vhIAW ivc iek ieMdrwj ivc ies dw izkr imldw hY: “gurU hirgoibMd mhl Ctw, bytw gurU Arjn jI kw, bwsI c`k gurU prgxw inJirAwlw, gF guAwlIAr sy bMDn mukq hoie gwm klwnOr prgxw btwlw myN Awey[ bwdSwh jhWgIr ky gYl sMmq solW sY iCh`qr Plgun pRivSty pihlI sMgrWd ky idhuM[ gurU jI dw Awnw suix bwbw bu`Fw bytw bwbw su`Gw rMDwvy kw, gurdws bytw eISrdws B`ly kw, b`lUrwie bytw mUlcMd jlHwny kw, pdmrwie bytw kOldws hjwvq kw, hor is`K &kIr Awey[” (B`t vhI qlauNFw prgxw jINd).

jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb Awpxy qwey ipRQI cMd dI mukwx ‟qyy hyhr ipMf gey qW vI b`lU Awp dy nwl hI sI[ B`t vhI ivc ies Gtnw bwry ieM\ iliKAw imldw hY: “gurU hirgoibMd jI mhlw Ctw….qwaU gurU ipRQIcMd kI mukwx dyx goieMdvwl sy gwm hyhr prgxw p`tI, gurU myhrbwn ky Gr Awey, swl solW sY sq`qr, poKI pRivSty ATweI, idhuM Sukrvwr ko[ swQ ArjwnI swihb bytw gurU mohrI jI dw poqw gurU Amrdws mhly qIjy kw, bwbw bu`Fw jI rwmdws bytw su`Gy rMDwvy kw, gurdws bytw eISvrdws B`ly, b`lU bytw mUly jlHwny pMvwr kw AwieAw[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw jlHwno kw).

jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb 28 jnvrI 1620 dy idn gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) pu`jy qW vI b`lU Awp dy nwl sI[ B`t vhI qlwauNFw muqæwibkæ: “gurU hirgoibMd jI mhl Ctw bytw gurU Arjn jI kw, sMmq solW sY sq`qRw mwG pRivSty pihlI, ky idhuM hyhr ngrI sy cl gwm gurU ky c`k, prgxw inJirAwlw Awey, gYlyN gurU ArjwnI swihb bytw gurU mohrI jI kw, gurU myhrbwn bytw gurU ipRQI cMd jI kw, bwbw bu`Fw rwmdws bytw su`Gy rMDwvy kw, gurdws bytw eISrdws B`ly kw, b`lU rwie bytw mUlcMd jlHwny kw, kOl jI dws bytw AMbIey hjwvq kw, hor is`K PkIr Awey[ gurU jI ky Awny kI KuSI myN dIpmwlw kI geI [ drbwr swihb jI myN dIAw bwqI kI syvw gurU myhrbwn kI lweI[ gurU jI qIjy idhuM „gurU c`k‟ sy ivdw hoie goieMdvwl myN Awie ibrwjy[” (B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgxw jINd).

1621 qoN 1635 dy ivckwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb ƒ cwr v`fIAW lVweIAW lVnIAW peIAW sn[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc gurU swihb dy SrDwlU is`KW ny bhwdrI dy ^Ub jOhr idKwey sn[ 13 ApRYl 1634 dy idn jdoN murqzw ^wn dI AgvweI ivc gurU kw c`k (AMimRqsr) ‟qy hmlw kIqwigAw sI qW hornW dy nwl b`lU vI f`t ky liVAw sI[ b`lU ny muZl jrnYlW dwdU, jlHw Aqy murqzw KW ƒ Awhmo-swhmxI lVweI ivc mwr id`qw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw aus ny hor bhuq swry muZl &OjIAW ƒ vI pwr bulwieAw sI Aqy ^Ub bhwdrI dy jOhr idKw ky AwpxI ShIdI hwsl kIqI sI[ ies sbMD ivc B`t vhIAW ivc iek ieMdrwj ies qrHW imldw hY: “blU bytw mUly kw poqw rwaU kw, pVpoqw cwhV kw raudq jlHwnw, swl solW sY iekwnmy ivswK pRivSty sqwrW, gurU c`k ky mlHwn gurU kw bcn pwie swmHy mwQy rx myN murqzw KW ko mwr mrw[ gYloN kIrq bytw iBKy kw poqw reIey kw, pVpoqw nrsI kw kOiSS goqR bRwhmx mwrw igAw[” (B`t vhI mulqwn isMDI)[ ShIdI vyly b`lU dI aumr 74 swl sI[eynI aumr dy bwvjUd aus ny lVweI ‟c bhwdrI dy ^Ub jOhr idKwey sn.

blIAw cMd

12 julweI 1698 dy idn gurU goibMd isMG jI kuJ is`KW nUM nwl lY ky AnMdpur swihb qoN kuJ dUr phwVI jMgl ivc iSkwr krn vwsqy gey sn[ ies mOky ’qy aunHW dw twkrw kWgVy dy rwjy Awlm cMd ktoc Aqy aus dy jrnYl blIAw cMd ktoc nwl ho igAw sI[ ktocW v`loN gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kIqy jwx ’qy BweI audY isMG, qy BweI Awlm isMG ny vI qlvwrW sUq leIAW sn[ dohW pwisEN zbrdsq lVweI SurU ho geI sI[ ienHW JVpW dOrwn audY isMG dy h`QoN blIAw cMd dI iek bWh v`FI geI sI[ aus dw jrnYl Awlm cMd ktoc vI burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw sI[ mgroN ienHW z^mW kwrn blIAw cMd dI mOq ho geI sI.

bl´ B`t

ieh syKw B`t dw pu`qr, reIAw dw poqw qy nrsI dw poqw sI[ B`t bMswvlI BgIrQ B`t qoN SurU huMdI hY[ BgIrQ qoN nONvIN pIVHI ivc B`t reIAw hoieAw sI; aus dy Cy pu`qr sn: iB`Kw, syKw, qoKw, goKw, coKw Aqy tofw[ ienHW ivcoN iB`Ky dy pu`qr sn: klshwr/kl´, mQurw, jwlp/jl´, kIrq, mlIAw, dlIAw[ syKy dy Cy pu`qr sn: tofw, sl´, Bl´, tl´, moKrw, ipMglw[ qoKy dy pu`qr sn: dws, nl, gMg, bl´[ goKy dy pu`qr sn: hirbMs, syvk, blIAw, klUAw[ ienHW ivcoN 1. klshwr/kl´ 2. mQrw 3. kIrq 4. jwlp/jl´ 5. iB`Kw 6. sl´ 7. nl´ 8. gXMd 9. bl´ 10. Bl´ 11. hirbMs[gurU gRMQ swihb ivc 11 B`tW dI bwxI Swiml hY[

B`t bl´ dy pMj sveIey (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 1405) ivc drj hn:
pwXau nhI AMqu, sury Asurh nr, gx gMDRb KojMq iPry] AibnwsI Aclu AjonI sMBau, purKoqmu Apwr pry] krx kwrx smrQu sdw soeI, srb jIA min D´wieXau] sRI gur rwmdws, jXo jX jg mih, qY hir prm pdu pwieXau]1] siqguir nwnik, Bgiq krI iek min, qnu mnu Dnu, goibMd dIAau] AMgid, Anµq mUriq inj DwrI, Agm g´win, ris rs´au hIAau] guir Amrdwis, krqwru kIAau vis, vwhu vwhu kir D´wieXau] sRI gur rwmdws, jXo jX jg mih, qY hir prm pdu pwieXau]2] nwrdu DR¨ pRhlwdu sudwmw, pub Bgq hir ky ju gxM] AMbrIku jXdyv iqRlocnu, nwmw Avru kbIru BxM] iqn kO Avqwru, BXau kil iBMqir, jsu jgqR pir CwieXau] sRI gur rwmdws, jXo jX jg mih, qY hir prm pdu pwieXau]3] mnsw kir ismrMq quJY nr, kwmu k®oDu imitAau ju iqxM] bwcw kir ismrMq quJY, iqn@ duKu dirdRü imtXau ju iKMx] krm kir, quA drs prs, pwrs sr, bl´ Bt jsu gwieXau ] sRI gur rwmdws, jXo jX jg mih, qY hir prm pdu pwieXau]4] ijh siqgur ismrMq, nXn ky iqmr imtih iKnu] ijh siqgur ismrMiQ, irdY hir nwmu idno idnu] ijh siqgur ismrMiQ, jIA kI qpiq imtwvY] ijh siqgur ismrMiQ, iriD isiD nv iniD pwvY] soeI rwmdwsu guru, bl´ Bix, imil sMgiq DMin DMin krhu ] ijh siqgur lig, pRBu pweIAY, so siqguru ismrhu nrhu]5].

bldyv isMG

bldyv isMG (11.7.1902 – 29.6.1961), pu`qr ieMdr isMG, dw jnm ipMf duMmxw (zlHw ropV) ivc hoieAw sI[ ieMdr isMG iek snAqkwr sI Aqy ies dy kwrKwny jmSYdpur (hux JwrKMf sUby ivc) Awid ivc sn[ bldyv isMG ny AwpxI pVHweI Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr qoN kIqI sI[ ie`Qy aus dw rwbqw pMjwb dy kuJ jwgIrdwrW nwl ho igAw sI[ies dorwn aus dw myl AkwlI qy kWgrsI AwgUAW nwl hox lg ipAw sI; Aqy aunHW dI sMgq ivc aus ny isAwsI kwrvweIAW ivc ih`sw lYxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ sMn 1937 ivc aus ny pMjwb kONsl dI cox lVI sI Aqy ij`q hwisl kIqI sI[ sMNn 1942 ivc jdoN ikRps imSn Bwrq AwieAw qW is`KW dw kys pyS krn vwsqy mwstr qwrw isMG, sr joigMdrw isMG Aqy au~jl isMG gey sn[ mwstr qwrw isMG cwhuMdw sI ik ies nUM isAwsq ivc kwiem kIqw jwey , ies kr ky aus ny bldyv isMG nUM vI ies fYlIgySn ivc Swiml kIqw sI[ jUn 1942 ivc aus ny cI& minstr iskMdr hXwq ^wn nwl pYkt kr ilAw sI Aqy 26 jUn dy idn aus nUM ifvYlpmYNt mihkmy dw vzIr bxwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1946 ivc auh kYbint imSn kol vI pyS hoieAw sI[ jUn 1946 ivc ldoN kYbint imSn dI plwn dy i^lw& ‘pMQk pRqIinD borf’ bxwieAw igAw sI qW ies nUM aus ivc mYNbr bxw ilAw igAw sI[ AMgRyzW ny Bwrq C`f jwx qoN pihlW ijhVI sWJI ‘AMqiRm srkwr’ bxweI sI, aus ivc ies nUM 2 sqMbr 1946 dy idn if&YNs minstr bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN bldyv isMG pMfq jvwhr lwl nihrU dy bhuq nyVy Aw igAw sI Aqy qkrIbn aus dw ‘XY~s mYn’ bx igAw sI[ Awzwd Bwrq ivc is`KW nwl ivqkry dy i^lw& mwstr qwrw isMG ny &rvrI 1949 ivc id`lI ivc iek kwn&rMs krn dw AYlwn kiqw sI[ nihrU ny mwstr qwrw isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ky jyl ivc su`t id`qw[ ies mOky ‘’qy bldyv isMG ny nihrU dI v&wdwrI dw iezhwr krn vwsqy mwstr qwrw isMG dI BrvIN mu^wl&q kIqI sI[ pr, nihrU qy ptyl dI cwplUsI krn vwly lokW ny nihrU dy ^Ub kMn Bry sn; ies kr ky sMn 1952 dIAW coxW mgroN jd nvIN vzwrq bxI qW nihrU ny bldyv isMG nUM vzIr nhIN bxwieAw sI qy aus dI QW ’qy svrn isMG nUM vzwrq ivc Swiml kr ilAw sI[ bldyv isMG sMn 1957 ivc vI AYm.pI. cuixAw igAw sI; ies vwr vI nihrU ny aus nUM r`d kr id`qw sI[ bldyv isMG ny ies g`l nUM idl nwl lw ilAw sI, ies kr ky auh bImwr pY igAw sI; Aqy iesy bImwrI nwl auh 29 jUn 1961 dy idn cVHweI kr igAw sI.

(K`ibEN s`jy): bldyv isMG, sr ikRps, mwstr qwrw isMG, sr joigMdrw isMG, au~jl isMG

 

(K`ibEN s`jy): ky.AYm. muxSI, bldyv isMG, fw AMbydkr (id`lI ivc pwrlImYNt dy lwAn ivc)

blbIr isMG &rIdkot

rwjw blbIr isMG (30.6.1869 – &rvrI 1906) rwjw ibkrm isMG dw pu`qr sI[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN 16 dsMbr 1898 dy idn ieh &rIdkot irAwsq dw rwjw bixAw sI[ &rIdkot ivclw mihl, bwZ Aqy GMtw Gr ies ny hI bxwey sn[ inrmilAW v`loN kIqw igAw gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw (jo ies dy ipqw dy smyN iqAwr kIqw igAw sI) nUM ies ny hI CwipAw sI.

blbIr isMG jINd

kMvr blbIr isMG (30.11.1856 – 20.11.1883) jINd dy rwjw rGubIr isMG dw pRqwp kOr (pu`qrI jvwhr isMG vwsI dwdrI) dI ku`K qoN pYdw hoieAw pu`qr sI[ ies dI mOq cIck dI bImwrI nwl hoeI sI[ blbIr isMG dw pu`qr rxbIr isMG Awpxy dwdy dI mOq qoN mgroN jINd irAwsq dw rwjw bixAw sI.

blbIr kOr

julweI 1923 ivc rwjw nwBw nUM AMgryz srkwr ny g`dIEN lwh id`qw qW SRomxI kmytI ny ies dy i^lw& j`dojihd krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ ies sbMD ivc jYqo ivc iek gurduAwry ivc pwT ho irhw sI qW pulIs ny guru gRMQ swihb dw pwT krdy gRMQI nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[ is`KW ivc ies dy i^lw& bhuq ros hoieAw[ is`KW ny morcw lw id`qw sI qy igR&qwrIAW SurU ho geIAW sn[ ies qrHW keI mhIny cldw irhw sI[

jYqo ivc pwT rokx dy i^lw& lwey morcy dw jd koeI nqIjw nw inkilAw qW SRomxI kmytI ny AYlwn kIqw sI ik jYqo ivc pwT SurU krn vwsqy 500 is`KW dw ‘ShIdI jQw’ ByijAw jweygw[ ies jQy ny 9 &rvrI 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN c`l ky 21 &rvrI ƒ jYqo pu`jxw sI[

9 PrvrI dy idn jdoN ieh jQw AMimRqsr qoN c`ilAw qW ies ƒ ivdwiegI dyx vwsqy 30 hzwr is`K drbwr swihb pu`jy sn[ jQw v`K-v`K pVwA krdw ieh j`Qw 20 &rvrI dy idn brgwVI (irAwsq &rIdkot) pu`jw sI[ Agly idn 21 PrvrI ƒ jdoN jQw jYqo pu`jw qW ivlsn jwnstn ny &Oj ƒ jQy ’qy golI clwaux dw hukm dy id`qw sI[ golwbwrI nwl drjnW is`K mwry gey sn qy do sO qoN vD z^mI ho gey sn[ ienHW ivc mrd, AOrqW qy b`cy vI Swiml sn[ ikhw jWdw hY ik jy kr golI iv`cy Ps jwx kwrn mSIn gµn nw rukdI qW pqw nhIN hor ikµny lok mwry jwxy sn[ golI clxI bµd hox mgroN pulIs Aqy &Oj ny jQy dy mYˆbrW Aqy Awm lokW, jo jQy ƒ vyK rhy sn, ’qy vI lwTIcwrj kIqw sI Aqy jdoN qk swrw jQw burI qrHW z^mI jW byhoS nw ho igAw, pulIs fWgW vrHwauNdI rhI sI[

21 &rvrI dy idn mwry jwx vwilAW 100 dy krIb is`KW ivcoN ivcoN isr& 17 nW imldy hn, bwkI nhIN ikauNik nwBy dy hwkmW ny lwSW iek`TIAW kr ky swV id`qIAW sn qy iksy dI Snw^q nhIN sI krvweI sI[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI v`loN 17 nW rlIz kIqy gey sn[

ies mOky ’qy iek bIbI blbIr kOr Awpxy inky ijhy b`cy nwl j`Qy dy nwl jw rhI sI[ jdoN pulIs ny golI clweI qW iek golI b`cy nUM lgI sI qy b`cw ausy vyly mr igAw sI[ bIbI blbIr kOr ny imRqk b`cy ƒ sVk dy iek pwsy rK idqw sI qy Awp jQy nwl AgWh vDdI geI sI[ iPr iek golI bIbI blbIr kOr ƒ lgI sI qy bIbI au~Qy hI mwrI geI sI[ ies bIbI bwry ieh jwxkwrI nhIN iml skI ik ieh iks dI DI qy pqnI sI qy ik`QoN dI rihx vwlI sI?

bwlk isMG

bwbw bwlk isMG (sMn 1785 – 6.12.1862), pu`qr dXwl isMG, dw jnm ipMf CoeI (izlHw Atk) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy aus ny hujro ksby ivc iek dukwn pw leI sI[ aus dw myl jvwhr m`l nW dy iek pRcwrk nwl hoieAw ijs qoN aus ny kuJ gRMQW dw igAwn hwsl kIqw[ kuJ smyN mgroN auh Awp vI iek pRcwrk dI syvw krn lg ipAw sI[ ijhVy lok aus dI dukwn ’qy AwauNdy sn, auh aunHW nUM Drm dIAW g`lW vI suxwieAw krdw sI[ hOlI-hOlI auh bhuq hrmn ipAwrw ho igAw sI[ aus dy gwhkW ivc kuJ &OjI vI huMdy sn; ienHW ivcoN hI BYxI ipMf dw rwm isMG vI sI (jo mgroN ‘kUkw’ vjoN mShUr hoieAw sI)[ bwlk isMG ny is`K Drm ivc Aw vVIAW mnmiq dIAW kwrvweIAW dy i^lw& pRcwr krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ bwbw bwlk isMG ny lokW ivc nwm ismrn dw AiBAws krn dw pRcwr vI SurU kr id`qw sI; ies kr ky lok aus nUM ‘AiBAws’ kihx lg pey sn[ aus dI mOq hujro ivc hI hoeI sI[ aus qoN ip`CoN aus dy BqIjy kwhn isMG (pu`qr mMnw isMG) Aqy lwl isMG ny aus dw imSn jwrI r`iKAw sI[ kuJ icr ip`CoN BYxI dw rwm isMG &Oj dI nOkrI C`f ky ipMf clw igAw sI[ aus ny Awpxy Awp nUM bwlk isMG dw cylw kih ky kUkw m`q SurU kr ilAw sI.

bwlw (jnmswKI vwlw)

is`K ieiqhws ivc jMifAwlw dy hMdwl, jo nwQ jogIAW dw cylw sI, dy b`icAW v`loN rcI iek jnmswKI (ijs nUM aunHW ny ‘BweI bwly vwlI jnmswKI’ dw nW id`qw sI) ivc GiVAw hoieAw iek nklI pwqr, ijs nUM gurU nwnk swihb dIAW audwsIAW dw swQI drswieAw igAw hY[ ies pwqr nUM GVn vwly BwvyN hMdwl dy vwrs sn, pr ies pwqr nUM auBwrn Aqy ieiqhwsk bxwaux dI koiSS ivc sB qoN v`fw Xogdwn inrmilAW (^ws kr ky sMq isMG igAwnI qy kvI sMqoK isMG) dw sI, ijnHW ny ies pwqr nUM hr QW auBwrn dI hrkq kIqI sI[ hMdwlIAW v`loN klipq khwxI muqæwibkæ ieh rwie Boie dI qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw swihb) dy cMdr Bwn nW dy iek ikswn dw pu`qr sI Aqy gurU nwnk swihb qoN iqMn swl v`fw sI[ ies khwxI muqæwibkæ ieh gurU nwnk swihb dIAW swrIAW audwsIAW ivc aunHW dy nwl-nwl irhw sI (hwlW ik mrdwny dw nW qW QW-QW ’qy AwauNdw hY, pr ies dw ikqy vI Xogdwn nhIN idKwieAw igAw)[ khwxI muqæwibkæ gurU nwnk swihb dI jIvn khwxI ies ny hI gurU AMgd swihb nUM suxweI sI Aqy pYVy moKy nW dy bMdy ny klm bMd kIqI sI[ inrmilAW muqæwibkæ ies dI mOq sMn 1544 ivc hoeI sI qy gurU AMgd swihb ny Awpxy h`QIN ies dw sskwr kIqw sI[ inrmilAW ny qW KfUr ivc ies nklI pwqr dI nklI smwDI vI bxw id`qI sI (smwDIAW qW hIr-rWJw, sohxI-mhINvwl, s`sI-puMnU vrgy klipq pwqrW dIAW vI mOjUd hn)[

‘BweI bwly vwlI jnmswKI’ ivc GVy hoey kwlpink pwqr dw prdw ies g`l qoN &wS ho jWdw hY ik bwlw nW dy cwr is`K gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivc Swiml sn[ aunHW dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc kIqw hY (vwr 11 dIAW pauVIAW 18, 19 qy 23)[ (bwlw nW dy ienHW is`KW vwsqy ‘pÎwry is`K’ Aqy ‘Aiq snmuK is`K’ isrlyK, BweI gurdws jW BweI vIr isMG, ijs ny ieh vwrW sMpwdn kIqIAW sn, id`qy hn[ jy koeI bwlw sMDU huMdw qW BweI mrdwnw vW| aus dw izkr vI XkInn hoxw sI).

bwlguMdweI

ieh iek gorK pMQI jogI sI, ijhVw p`CmI pMjwb ivc ijhlm dy ielwky ivc (ijhlm ngr qoN 19 iklomItr dUr) iek it`ly ’qy rihMdw sI[ikauNik ieh nwQ jogIAW dy i&rky nwl sbMD rKdw sI, ies kr ky ies dw nW ‘bwl nwQ’ vjoN vI jwixAw jWdw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI m`kw qy mdInw dI Xwqrw qoN vwpsI smyN ies QW ’qy Awey sn Aqy ies jogI nwl crcw kIqI sI[ bwl guMdweI Awpxy smyN ivc eynw mShUr ho igAw sI ik lok ies it`ly nUM it`lw bwl guMdweI kihx lg pey sn. hor vyKo: it`lw jogIAW.

b^qwvr kOr

b^qwvr kOr (1849-17.2.1870), pitAwlw dy rwjw nryNdr isMG dI CotI DI sI[ jdoN ieh 10 swl dI hoeI qW ies dI SwdI Brqpur irAwsq dy rwjw jsvMq isMh (jo ies qoN 2 swl Cotw sI) nwl kr id`qI geI sI[ ies ny iek pu`qr nUM jnm id`qw sI jo bhuq hI CotI aumr ivc hI mr igAw sI[ pu`qr dI mOq dy sdmy kwrn ieh bImwr pY ky FweI mhIny mgroN hI mr geI sI[ b^qwvr kOr is`K rwijAW v`loN ihMdU rwijAW nwl ivAwhI jwx vwlI pihlI lVkI sI[ auh isr& 21 swl dI aumr ivc hI cVHweI kr geI sI.

b^q m`l sUrI

BweI b^q m`l, pu`qr sblw sUrI, dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb ivc ijhlm dirAw dy kMFy ’qy v`sy hoey iek ipMf jlwlpur j`tW (izlHw gujrwq), jo hux iek v`fw ngr Aqy qihsIl dw hY~f kuAwrtrz bx cukw hY, ivc hoieAw sI[ ies dw ipqw sblw gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU hir rwey swihb dy smyN ivc ielwky dw msMd sI[ jUn 1659 ivc gurU hir rwie swihb jlwlpur j`tW ivc Awey sn Aqy cumwsw (jUn qoN sqMbr qIk) ienHW dy Gr ivc rhy sn[ b^q m`l dy ipqw sblw Aqy mwqw somw ny gurU jI dI qih idl qoN syvw kIqI sI[ sblw dI mOq qoN mgroN gurU jI ny b^q m`l nUM ielwky dw msMd QwipAw sI[ sMn 1698 ivc jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny msMdW nUM AnMdpur bulw ky aunHW dI prK kIqI qW ijhVy igxqI dy msMd s`cy-su`cy swibq hoey sn, ieh aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ gur jI ny ies nUM isropwE dy ky AnMdpur qoN ivdw kIqw sI[ mgroN jlwlpur ivc ienHW dw Gr gurduAwry ivc qbdIl ho igAw sI[ sMn 1947 ivc is`KW nUM p`CmI pMjwb qoN ihjrq krn smyN ieh gurduAwrw C`fxw ipAw sI[ hux ies gurduAwry dw nW inSwn vI bwkI nhIN irhw.

b^qm`l/ b^qm`lIey

pRc`lq khwxI muqæwibkæ b^q m`l nW dw iek S^s kwbl dw rihx vwlw sI[ ieh gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN qoN hI kwbl ivc msMd QwipAw hoieAw sI[ iek khwxI muqæwibkæ iek vwr ieh kwbl qoN gurU jI vwsqy do GoVy ilAw irhw sI qW rwh ivc lwhOr dy hwkm ny ies qoN auh GoVy Koh ley sn (iek khwxI muqæwibkæ ijhVy mgroN ibDI cMd ny cwlwkI nwl vwips lY AWdy sn)[ ies ihswb nwl ieh Gtnw sMn 1634 jW ies qoN pihlW dI bxdI hY[ iek hor khwxI muqæwibkæ sMn 1698 ivc jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny msMdW dI prK kIqI sI qW ieh znwnw ilbws ivc mwqw suMdr kOr kol pyS hoieAw sI Aqy muAw&I mMgI sI[ mwqw jI dy kihx ’qy gurU jI ny ies nUM muAw& kr id`qw sI Aqy A`gy qoN shI rsqy ’qy c`lx dw aupdyS id`qw sI[ ienHW dohW khwxIAW ivc 64 swl dw &rk hY[ drAsl ieh dovyN khwxIAW kwlpink hn; ieh dovyN khwxIAW kvI sMqoK isMG dIAW GVIAW hoeIAW hn[ b^q m`l iek audwsI swDU sI ijs dy cyilAW nMU b^qm`lIey kihMdy sn[ ies dy fyirAW dy mhMq znwnw ilbws pihx ky g`dI ’qy ibrwjmwn hoieAw krdy hn[ hux ies fyry dI mwnqw qkrIbn ^qm ho cukI hY.

b^q kOr

mwqw bKq kOr Amr dws jI dy mwqw sn[ Awp dy pqI dw nW (bwbw) qyj Bwn sI[ Awp jI dy Gr cwr pu`qrW ny jnm ilAw sI: (gurU) Amr dws, eISr dws (ipqw BweI gurdws), Kym rwey qy mwxk cµd[ Awp BweI gurdws dy dwdI vI sn[ gurU Aµgd swihb jI dI bytI bIbI Amro Awp jI dI poq-ƒh sI[ Awp dw nW mwqw l`Ko, mwqw-sulKxI, mwqw lKmI iliKAw vI imldw hY.

b^SIS isMG (iglvwlI)

BweI b^SIS isMG, pu`qr sMqw isMG, dw jnm ipMf iglvwlI (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jdoN Zdr lihr SurU hoeI sI qW ies ny aus ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw ilAw sI[ ies nUM ‘pihly lwhOr swizS kys’ ivc igR&qwr kr ky muk`dmw clw ky &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ ies nUM 16 nvMbr 1915 dy idn lwhOr jyl ivc &WsI ’qy ltkwieAw igAw sI[ ies dy nwl hI krqwr isMG srwBw, jgq isMG surisMG, hrnwm isMG B`tI gorwieAw, surYx isMG (pu`qr bUr isMG) iglvwlI, surYx isMG (pu`qr eIsr isMG) iglvwlI qy ivSnU gxyS ipMgly nUM vI &WsI id`qI geI sI.

b^iSS isMG/ b^SIS isMG

BweI b^iSS/b^SIS isMG aunHW 40 isMGW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW ny cmkOr dI gVHI dy bwhr muZl &OjW nwl LVweI kridAW ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ b^iSS isMG ipMf BYrovwl (izlHw lwhOr) dw rihx vwlw sI[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ auh pySy vjoN klwl (Srwb k`Fx vwlw) sI[ aus dy v`fy-vfyry pihloN Srwb bxwaux dw kwrobwr krdy sn pr gurU swihb dI is`iKAw lYx mgroN auh ies DMDy ƒ C`f gey sn[

b^iSS isMG gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy ^ws drbwrI is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ auh gurU swihb kol AnMdpur swihb hI irhw krdw sI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq ƒ gurU swihb ny AnMdpur ngr C`ifAw qW auh au~Qy hwizr 500 is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ ies mOky ’qy 460 is`K mwqw gujrI qy cOhW swihbzwidAW dy jQy ivc inkly sn Aqy 40 is`K gurU swihb dy nwl rhy sn[b^iSS isMG mwqw gujrI dy jQy dy nwl AnMdpur qoN inkilAw sI[ auN\ ieh swrw vhIr AnMdpur qoN 24-25 iklomItr dUr srsw ndI dy kMFy qk ipMf nMgl gujrW (hux nMgl srsw) qk iek`Tw hI cldw igAw Aqy ie`QoN v`K-v`K ih`isAW ivc vMifAw igAw sI[

srsw ndI pwr krn mgroN gurU jI ny mwqw gujrI qy do Coty swihbzwidAW ƒ cmkOr vl tor id`qw sI[ ieM\ hI kuJ hor is`KW ƒ vI v`KirAW cmkOr v`l jwx ƒ AwK id`qw sI[ gurU swihb Awp kotlw inhMg vl cly gey sn[ Awp dy nwl ies vyly b^iSS isMG qy kuJ hor is`K vI sn[ ienHW ny 6 dsMbr dw idn dw vylw BweI inhMg Kwn dy iklHy ivc ibqwieAw Aqy rwq pYx cmkOr v`l tur pey sn[ gurU jI, BweI b^iSS isMG qy bwkI dy isMG 7 dsMbr dI svyr ƒ cmkOr pu`j gey sn[

dupihr vyly ropV qoN AweI POj ny cmkOr ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ &Oj dw Gyrw chuµ pwisEN hox kr ky is`KW vwsqy bc ky inkl jwxw nwmumikn sI[ hux aunHW kol lVweI kr ky ShId ho jwx qoN isvw koeI cwrw nhIN sI[ is`K igxqI ivc isr& 50 sn ies kr ky auh iek-iek, do-do kr ky lVweI krdy rhy Aqy keI-keI muZlW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwr ky Awp vI ShId ho jWdy rhy sn[ 7 dsMbr dI rwq qk ShId ho jwx vwly iqMn ipAwirAW, do swihzwidAW Aqy 38 is`KW ivc b^iSS isMG vI sI.

b^SIS isMG Bm`dI

BweI b^SIS isMG (&rvrI 1889 – 17.12.1971), pu`qr ikRpwl isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, dw ipMf Bm`dI (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc hoieAw sI[ smrwlw ivc skUl dI pVHweI krn mgroN auh srkwrI kwlj lwhOr ivc dw^l ho igAw sI[ aus ny 18 swl dI aumr ivc isvl ieMjnIAirMg dw ifplomw pws kIqw sI pr nOkrI krn dI QW auh iek sVkW, pul qy iemwrqW Awid bxwaux dy kMm dw Tykydwr bx igAw sI[ dUjy pwsy auh kwlj dy smyN qoN hI isAwsI kwrvweIAW ivc ih`sw lYx lg ipAw sI[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI sMn 1907 Aqy dUjI igR&qwrI sMn 1914 ivc hoeI sI[ jdoN gurduAwrw suDwr lihr c`lI sI qW ieh aus dw ih`sw bx igAw sI[ sMn 1920 qoN 1922 qk auh drbwr swihb dw mynyjr irhw sI[ aus ny ies lihr vwsqy Awpxy koloN bhuq pYsw vI ^rc kIqw sI[ AkqUbr 1923 ivc jdoN ibRitS srkwr ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr-kwnUMnI krwr id`qw sI qW ies kmytI dy swry AwgU igR&qwr kr ley gey sn[ gurduAwrw AYkt bxn mgroN jd srkwr ny ies AYkt ‟qy Aml krn dw vwAdw krn dI Srq ‟qy AwgUAW nUM irhw krn dI pySkS kIqI qW 25 jnvrI 1926 dy idn ies ny ieh Srq mMn leI sI Aqy irhw ho igAw sI[ mgroN jdoN AkwlI dl ivc ies svwl ‟qy Put pY geI sI qW ieh mwstr qwrw isMG dy ault igAwnI Syr isMG dy DVy ivc Swiml irhw sI; pr ies dy bwvjUd mwstr qwrw isMG nwl ies dy injI sbMD pihlW vWg hI kwiem rhy sn[ ies ny AwpxI bytI jgdIS kOr dI SwdI mwstr qwrw isMG dy Coty pu`qr jsvMq isMG nwl kr id`qI sI[ sMn 1933 ivc jdoN AkwlI dl ivc Pu`t bhuq vD geI sI Aqy AkwlIAW ny iek dUjy dy i^lw& GtIAw pRcwr krnw SurU kr id`qw sI qW ies ny kuJ swQIAW nwl iml ky „gursyvk sBw‟ nW hyT iek sMsQw kwiem kIqI sI Aqy dohW AkwlI DiVAW ivckwr jMg nUM Gtwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI[ auh kuJ smW SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mIq pRDwn vI irhw sI[ sMn 1935 ivc aus ny isAwsq iblkul hI C`f id`qI sI[ sMn 1947 ivc musilm lIg v`loN is`KW dw kqlyAwm kIqy jwx nwl pYdw hoeI hwlq ivc ies ny is`K nOjvwnW dI hiQAwrW Aqy Asly nwl bhuq mdd kIqI sI[ sMn 1951 ivc auh iPr isAwsq ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ pitAwlw ivc pihlI qy dUjI sqMbr 1951 dy idn hoey gurmiq smwgm dw auh ieMcwrj sI[ ies smwgm ivc 5 l`K is`KW ny ih`sw ilAw sI[ sMn 1955 dy pMjwbI sUbw morcy ivc vI aus ny bhuq rol Adw kIqw sI[ 4 julweI 1955 dy idn jdoNpulIs ny drbwr swihb AMimRqsr ‟qy Dwvw kIqw sI qW aus smyN auh AkwlI dl dy d&qr ivc hwzr sI; aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky jyl ivc bMd kr id`qw igAw sI[ b^SIS isMG Bm`dI nUM sMn 1947 qoN pihlW 11 vwr Aqy 1947 qoN mgroN 13 vwr igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ ies hwlq ivc auh koeI kMm nhIN kr sikAw sI Aqy aus dI mwlI hwlq ^rwb ho geI sI; ies kr ky aus nUM Awpxy inrbwh vwsqy AwpxI jwiedwd dw bhuq swrw ih`sw vycxw ipAw sI[ aus ny gurU nwnk ieMjnIAirMg kwlj luiDAwxw Aqy gurU goibMd isMG kwlj cMfIgVH dI auswrI vwsqy vI bhuq mwieAw Byt kIqI sI[ auh ienHW dohW Aqy iqMn hor kwljW nUM clwaux vwlI  “is`K AYjUkySn soswietI‟ dw sk`qr sI[ lok aus nUM ipAwr nwl “bweI jI” ikhw krdy sn.

bjrMg isMh id`lI

cODrI bjrMg isMh, pu`qr cODrI dljIq isMh, id`lI dy sbzI mMfI ielwky ivc rihMdw sI[ aus dw Brw DuryNdr isMh vI aus dy nwl rihMdw sI[ ieh iqMny vkwlq krdy sn[ies qoN ielwvw ienHW dI AwpxI trWsport kMpnI vI sI[ ienHW kol 18 imMnI bsW sn jo bYNk qoN krzw lY ky ^rIdIAW hoeIAW sn[ 31 AkqUbr 1984 dy idn ieMdrw gWDI dy kql mgroN jdoN rwq nUM rwjIv gWDI dy hukmW hyT jgdIS tweItlr, s`jx kumwr, lilq mwkn, Arjn dws, Bjn lwl Awid ny is`KW dw kqlyAwm SurU kIqw qW sB qoN pihlW ienHW ny Awpxy swhmxy rihMdy is`K fwktr Aqy aus dy do pu`qrW nUM guMifAW qoN bcwieAw[ ies mgroN ienHW ny ausy rwq hI 58 is`K pirvwrW nUM Awpxy Gr ivc pnwh id`qI[ ies dy bdly ivc BIV ny ienHW dy Gr nUM A`g lw id`qI[ ienHW ny id`lI ivc is`KW nUM bcwaux vwsqy rwhq kYNp lwieAw Aqy ApxIAW b`sW ivc 2500 is`K pirvwrW nUM bcw ky ilAWdw[ ies ’qy guMifAW ny ienHW dIAW b`sW vI swV idqIAW[ ies pirvwr ny XqIm hoeIAW 61 lVkIAW dy ivAwh DIAW bxw ky kIqy[ is`K ivDvwvW nUM ssqI kImq ’qy &lYt lY ky dyx vwsqy bjrMg isMh ny mrn vrq vI r`iKAw jo 33 idn c`ilAw[ A^Ir 2 jnvrI 1985 dy idn id`lI ifvYlpmYNt AQwrtI ny aus dI mMg mMn leI Aqy aus dw mrn vrq suprIm kort dy j`j murqzw &zl AlI ny KulHvwieAw[

ies mgroN kWgrsI ZuMifAW ny ienHW dy i^lw& tYks corI Aqy nwjwiez Awmdn dy kys krny SurU kr id`qy[ ienHW ’qy hor vI keI nwjwiez kys pwey gey ijnHW ivcoN ieh brI huMdy gey[ienW dI pqnI cMcl isMh ny Awpxy gihxy vyc ky Aqy Awpxy i&ksf ifpwizt quVvw ky Aqy AwpxI zmIn gihxy r`K ky ivDvwvW dI mwlI mdd vI kIqI[

jd ienHW dI syvw dI ^br pMjwb pu`jI qW bhuq swry AkwlI AwgU ienHW nUM imlx gey[ keIAW ny qW pYsy dyx dI koiSS vI kIqI pr ienHW ny koeI pYsw nw ilAw[ pMjwb srkwr ny ienHW dw snmwn kIqw Aqy 5 l`K rupY Byt kIqy jo ienHW ny ivDvwvW dy trst dy &Mf ivc dy id`qy[ kyNdr srkwr ny jdoN rMgwnwQn kimSn bxwieAw qW bjrMg isMh ny 9 sqMbr 1985 dy idn aus kol 69 si&AW dw hl&nwmw dwier kIqw[ jd bjrMg isMh kimSn kol gvwhI dyx vwsqy jw irhw sI qW kWgrsI ZuMifAW ny aus dI kwr ’qy golIAW clw ky aus nUM mwrn dI koiSS kIqI[ ies mgroN vI ZuMfy hty nhIN[ 6 julweI 1989 dy idn aunHW d Gr nUM iPr A`g lw id`qI[ bjrMg isMh dy byty ihmWSU qy bytI ihmwqkW ny dUjI mMMizl qoN Cwl mr ky jwn bcweI[ ies mgroN srkwr ny bhwnw bxw ky aunHW dy Gr dw bwhrlw ih`sw mSInW nwl quVvw id`qw[ ies sdmy kwrn bjrMg isMh dy ipqw cODrI dljIq isMG nUM idl dw dorw ipAw Aqy auh cVHweI kr igAw[ ies mgroN vI kWgrsI ZuMfy aunHW nUM qMg krdy rihMdy sn[ bjrMg isMh dI mOq 14 julweI 2007 dy idn hoeI sI[ ZuMifAW qoN qMg Aw ky bjrMg isMh dI pqnI cMcl isMh sbzI mMfI ivc Awpxw Gr C`f ky id`lI dy aus kwlj ivc clI geI ij`Qy auh nOkrI krdI sI[ 17 jnvrI 2010 dy in bjrMg isMh dw ieklOqw bytw ihmWSU vI cVHweI kr igAw[ aunHW isr bhuq swrw krzw ciVHAw hoieAw sI, pr iksy is`K Adwry ny ies pirvwr dI mdd nhIN kIqI sI.

bjr isMG, BweI

BweI bjr isMG rwTOr rwjpUq Kwndwn nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ auh BweI rwmw dw pu`qr, ShId BweI suKIAw dw poqw Aqy BweI mWfn dy pVpoqw sI[ aus dw prdwdw BweI mWfn 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw dI lVweI ivc sB qoN A`gy ho ky liVAw sI[ aus ny ies lVweI ivc kwnHy dy pu`qr Bgvwny GyrV Aqy keI hor hmlwvrW nUM mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw sI[ auh Awp vI ies lVweI ivc burI qrHW zKmI hoieAw sI[ bjr isMG dw dwdw BweI suKIAw 16 dsMbr 1634 dy idn mihrwj ivc hoeI lVweI ivc f`t ky liVAw sI Aqy bhuq swry mugl ispwhIAW nUM mwrn mgroN Awp vI ShId hoieAw sI[ aus dy iqMn in`ky vIr sn: AjIq isMG (jIqw isMG), nyqw isMG qy audY isMG[ ieh iqMny vI gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI POj dy mMny-prmMny ispwhI sn[ ieh iqMny v`K-v`K lVweIAW ivc ShId hoey sn[AjIq isMG qy nyqw isMG 14 AkqUbr dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShId hoey sn[ AgoN jIqw isMG dy swry b`icAW Aqy nyqw isMG dy iek byty ny vI ShIdI jwm pIqy sn[

ausqwd bjr isMG BweI Awilm isMG n`cxw (jo gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw ifauFI-brdwr sI) dw shurw sI[ bjr isMG dI bytI iB`KW (jo 6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn srsw ndI dy kMFy ipMf J`KIAW dI jUh ivc ShId hoeI sI) aunHW nwl ivAwhI hoeI sI[ ieh Awilm isMG vI 7 dsMbr 1705 dI Swm vyly cmkOr dI gVI dy bwhr ShId hoieAw sI[[

bjr isMG ny gurU goibMd isMG jI nUM GoV-svwrI Aqy hiQAwr clwaux dI isKlweI id`qI sI[ aus ny v`fy dohW swihbjwidAW qy BweI mnI isMG dy pu`qrW nUM vI hiQAwr clwaux dI tryinMg id`qI sI[

meI 1705 ivc jdoN AnMdpur swihb nUM Gyrw ipAw qW bjr isMG au~Qy hwizr nhIN sI[ vfyrI aumr dy hox kr ky auh Awpxy ipMf ivc hI rihMdw sI[

AnMdpur swihb nUM C`f jwx mgroN gurU goibMd isMG swihb qlvMfI swbo Aqy Pyr d`Kx v`l cly gey sn[ auh 1706 dy dUjy AD ivc nMdyV ivc sn ij`Qy auh 7 AkqUbr nUM ShIdI jwm pI gey sn[ jwx qoN pihlW auh Kwlsw POjW dI kmwn bwbw bMdw isMG nUM sONp gey sn[

bwbw bMdw isMG ny pMjwb pu`j ky gurU swihb dy swry is`KW nUM hukmnwmy Byjy sn[ bwbw bMdw isMG rwhIN gurU swihb dw pYgwm hwisl kridAW hI swry is`K aus kol Awauxy SurU ho gey[ iek swl dy AMdr-AMdr hzwrW is`K bwbw bMdw isMG nwl iml cu`ky sn[ nvMbr 1709 ivc aus ny pMjwb dI AwzwdI dI jMg SurU kr id`qI[ (qPsIl vwsqy vyKo: bMdw isMG bhwdur)[ ies jMg dw pihlw sB qoN v`fw pVwA sI srhMd ’qy kbzw krnw Aqy vzIr ^wn qy su`cw nMd nUM szw dyxw[ srhMd dy &Ojdwr kol bVI v`fI POz Aqy iek cMgw qkVw hiQAwrW dw Kjwnw sI[ ies kr ky Kwlsw POj nUM v`fI iqAwrI dI loV sI[ ApRYl 1710 qk Kwlsw POjW ny ies hmly dI pUrI ivauNq bxw leI[ auDr vzIr ^wn nUM vI ies dw pqw l`gw sI Aqy auh vI mukwbly vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw sI[

dohW POjW ivc sB qoN v`fI lVweI 12 meI 1710 dy idn cpV-icVI dy mYdwn Aqy 14 meI dy idn srhMd dy iklHy dy bwhr hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc bjr isMG qy swry isMGW ny bhwdrI dy KUb jOhr idKwey sn[ ies lVweI ivc hzwrW mugl ispwhI mwry gey sn qy Pqh is`KW nUM hwisl hoeI[ pr ies Pqh nUM hwisl krn vwsqy sYNkVy is`K ShId vI hoey sn[ ShId hox vwilAW ivc hornW qoN ielwvw ausqwd bjr isMG vI Swiml sI[

bwhU, sulqwn

sulqwn bwhU (17.1. 1630-1.3.1691), pu`qr bwzId muhMmd (jo muZl &Oj dw iek A&sr sI) dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy ipMf Sorkot (izlHw JMg) ivc hoieAw sI[jdoN ies dw jnm hoieAw qW ies dI mW ny ies dw nW bwhU r`iKAw sI[ bwhu dw ArQ hY ‘AlHw dy nwl’[ ies dw ipqw iek cMgw zmINdwr sI[ auh cwhuMdw sI ik ieh vI ipqw purKI ik`qw Apxwey; pr ies dI izMdgI dI ikqwb ivc kuJ hor hI iliKAw sI[ jdoN ieh jvwn hoieAw qW ieh sB kuJ C`f Cfw ky mulqwn cl igAw sI Aqy hzrq bhw-aul-h`k dy mzwr ’qy jw bYTw sI[ kuJ icr au~Qy rihx mgroN ieh AMimRqsr dy iek ipMf ivc Swh hbIb kol clw igAw sI Aqy aus dw cylw bx igAw sI[ aus ny ies nUM id`lI Byj id`qw sI Aqy ieh Abdul rihmwn jIlwnI dyhlvI dw murId bx igAw sI[ ie`Qy ies ny &wrsI, AærbI Aqy qs`vu& (i&lws&I) dIAW bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW pVHIAW sn[ eynw igAwn hwisl krn mgroN aus ny ^ud ilKxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik kwdrI sU&I i&rky dy ies ivdvwn ny vwrqk Aqy kivqw ivc 140 dy krIb ikqwbW ilKIAW sn ijnHW ivc ieh vI Swiml hn: SmsS-aul-Awr&In, mu&qwh-aul-Awr&In, muhkuml &ukrw, Akl bydwr, gMj-aul-iesrwr, dIvwn bwhU Awid[ ies ny pMjwbI ivc bYNq CMd ivc bhuq swrw klwm vI iliKAw sI[ ies dy klwm ivc rUhwnIAq Aqy sdwcwr dw ^UbsUrq ibAwn imldw hY[ ies dI ilKq ivc lihMdI /srwiekI dw kw&I Asr nzr AwauNdw hY:

Al&, AlHw cMby dI bUtI murSd myry mn ivc lweI, hU [ nbI Asbwq dw pwxI imilAw, hr rMgy hr jweI, hU[
AMdr bUtI muSk mcwieAw, jW Pu`lx pur AweI, jU[ jIvy murSd kwml bwhU, jYN ieh bUtI lweI, hU[…
Al&, ieh qn myrw cSmw hovy, mYN murSd vyK nw r`jW, hU[ lUM lUM dy mu`F l`K-l`K cSmW, iek KolHW iek k`jW, hU[ ieqinAW ifiTAW sbr nw Awvy, hor ikqy v`l B`jW, hU[ murSd dw dIdwr hY bwhU, mYnUM l`K kroVW h`jW, hU.

sulqwnw bwhU dy cwr ivAwh hoey sn Aqy aunHW qoN A`T pu`qr pYdw hoey sn[ aus ny Awpxw Aw^rI smW izlHw JMg dy iek ipMf ipMf gVHI mhwrwjw (Sorkot qoN 17 iklomItr dUr) ivc ibqwieAw sI ij`Qy aus dw mzwr bixAw hoieAw hY.

gVHI mhwrwjw ivc sulqwn bwhU dw mzwr

bhoVU

kvI sMqoK isMG dI GVI hoeI iek khwxI dw iek pwqR[ ies khwxI muqæwibkæ jdoN kwbl dy is`KW dy Byjy do GoVy lwhOr dy iklHy ivcoN k`F ky ilAwaux vwsqy BweI ibDI cMd ny njUmI dw Bys DwirAw sI qW auh ies dy Gr ivc TihirAw sI[ ikauNik GoVy ilAwaux dI khwxI klpnw hY, ies kr ky ieh pwqr vI kwlpink hY.a

bhmI Swh/ bRhmI Swh

kvI sMqoK isMG muqæwibkæ ies dw Asl nW s`Xd iebrwhIm Swh sI[ ieh mwlvy dy ipMf C`qyAwxw dw rihx vwlw sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI qlvMfI swbo jWidAW ies ipMf ivc ruky sn qW aunHW dI isiKAw sux ky ieh aunHW dw murId ho igAw sI Aqy is`K bx igAw sI[ gurU jI ny ies dw nW Ajmyr isMG r`iKAw sI. hor vyKo: C`qIAwxw.

bhlol/ bihlol

bZdwd (ierwk) ivc gurU nwnk swihb nUM imlx mgroN aunHW dw murId bx jwxw vwlw iek muslmwn[ m`kw mdIn dy PyrI qoN bwAd gurU nwnk swihb bZdwd pu`jy sn[bgdwd phuMc ky gurU swihb Sihr dy bwhr aus jgh ruky ijQy Aj klH bgdwd dw rylvy stySn hY[ ies dy nyVy hI iek purwxw kbirsqwn vI hY[ gurU swihb ny kuJ icr Arwm krn mgroN kIrqn SurU kr idqw sI[ gurU swihb ny Sbd gWivAw sI: pwqwlw pwqwl lK Awgwsw Awgws…[ kIrqn dI Awvwz sux ky keI lok iek`Ty ho gey[ ienHW ivc iek isAwxw muslmwn pIr dsqgIr vI sI[ gurU swihb dy ies slok qy pIr dsqgIr ny gurU swihb nwl crcw kIqI[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik ijvyN ieslwm AwKdw hY ik r~b sqvyN Awsmwn qy rihMdw hY, ies nwl qW r~b dI qæwkæq dI h~d bMnHI jWdI hY, Xwin jy r`b sqvyN Awsmwn ’qy hY qW auh hr QW mOjUd nhIN ho skdw[ jd ik r`b dI mOjUdgI qy r~b dI qæwkæq nUM im~iQAw nhIN jw skdw[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM ieh vI smJwieAw ik isr& s`q Awsmwn nhIN hn, ieh qW l`KW (byAMq) Awsmwn qy pwqwl hn[ pIr dsqgIr ny dUjw nukqw sMgIq (kIrqn) dw auTwieAw[ auh AwKx lgw ik ieslwm ivc srod (sMgIq) mnHw hY[ gurU swihb ny aus nUM d`isAw ik r~b dI mihmw gwaux vwsqy qW kIrqn rUhwnI ^urwk hY[ ieslwm srod nUM ies kr ky mnHw krdw hY ik ieh Sihvq qy hor burweIAW vl tordw hY[ r~b dI mihmw vwsqy kIrqn nUM Awm srod nwl nhIN mylxw cwhIdw[ ies ’qy pIr dsqgIr dI qs~lI hoeI[ pIr dsqgIr ny gurU swihb dI Azmq A~gy isr JukwieAw sI[

aunHW idnW ivc bihlol nW dw iek PkIr vI au~Qy rihMdw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb dI is~KI Dwrn kIqI[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ bihlol, ies mgroN 60 swl qk ijaUNdw irhw sI Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dI is~iKAw Aqy aunHW dI Azmq dw prcwr krdw irhw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb dI Xwd iv~c iek QVHw bxwieAw sI Aqy aunHW dI Xwd ivc aus ’qy iek p~Qr aukrvw ky lw idqw sI[ (hux auh p`Qr au~Qy mOjUd nhIN hY)[ aus au~qy qurkI zbwn iv~c aukrI iebwrq dw pMjwbI qrjmw ieM hY:“vyKo mhwn r~b ny murwd pUrI kIqI[ bwbw nwnk drvyS vwsqy nvIN iemwrq iqAwr hoeI[ ies dy bxwaux iv~c s~q r~bI drvySW ny mdd kIqI[ ^uSnsIb cyly ny zmIn ’coN pwxI dw nvW prvwh clwieAw[” ies p~Qr qy 927 ihjrI dI qwrIK aukrI hoeI sI[ 927 ihjrI grYgorIAn (hux kOmWqrI) kYlMfr dw sMn 1520 bxdw hY[ 1518 ivc h~j 20 dsMbr nUM sI[ m`kw qoN bZdwd pYdl jwx vwsqy svw ku swl lg jwxw mwmUlI g`l hY[ ies kr ky gurU nwnk swihb bgdwd ivc 1520 dIAW grmIAW ivc phuMcy hoxgy.

bhwdur Swh

bhwdur Swh (14.10.1643-27.2.1712) nvwb bweI dI ku`K qoN AOrMgzyb dw dUjw pu`qr sI[ ies dw Asl nW muA`zm sI; ies dw jnm burhwnpur ivc hoieAw sI[

Awpxy dwdy Swh jhwn vyly ieh sMn 1653 qoN 1659 qk lwhOr sUby dw vzIr (sUbydwr nhIN) sI[ sMn 1667 ivc ieh d`Kx sUbydwr bxwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1670 ivc ies ny bZwvq kr id`qI sI; pr AOrMgzyb ny ies dI mW nUM ies kol ByijAw sI, ijs ny ies nUM smJw ky AOrMgzyb kol aus dy drbwr ivc pyS krvwieAw sI[ ies mgroN keI swl ieh ipqw kol hI irhw sI[ sMn 1680 iPr ies ny bZwvq kIqI qW AOrMgzyb ny iPr ies dI mW nUM ies kol ByijAw sI[ pr, sMn 1681 qoN 1687 qk ieh v&wdwr pu`qr bixAw irhw sI[ sMn 1708 ivc AOrMgzyb dy mrn ip`CoN BrwvW nUM mwrn mgroN ieh bwdSwh bixAw sI[ies dy 4 ivAwh hoey sn ijnHW ivcoN 9 pu`qr sn[

bhwdur Swh Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI ivckwr kuJ smW nyVqw rhI sI ikauNik aus ny gurU jI nwl vwiedw kIqw sI ik auh srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn (ijs ny Coty swihbzwidAW Aqy mwqw gujrI nUM ShId kIqw sI) nUM szw dyvygw; pr d`Kx ivc kwm b^s dy i^lw& muihMm dOrwn jdoN bwdSwh dw kw&lw burhwnpur pu`jw qW vzIr ^wn dI ByjI coKI rkm kwrn aus dw mn bdl igAw sI Aqy ieh vyK ky gurU jI ny aus nwloN sbMD qoV ley sn[ ies mgroN gurU jI ny mwDo dws bYrwgI nUM is`KI ivc Swiml kr ky, pwhul dy ky, bMdw isMG nW dy ky pMjwb ByijAw sI Aqy aus ny vzIr ^wn nUM hrw ky qy mwr ky srhMd Aqy Awly-duAwly dy bhuq swry ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ies qoN Gbrw ky Aqy fr ky bhwdur Swh &Oj lY ky bMdw isMG dy ip`Cy pMjwb Aw igAw; pr auh bMdw isMG dw kuJ nw ivgwV sikAw[ hux bhwdur Swh ny lwhOr ivc fyrw lw ilAw sI Aqy bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm jwrI r`KI sI[ pr, bMdw isMG dI dihSq nwl dihilAw hoieAw pwZl ho ky lwhOr ivc hI mr igAw sI[ mgroN aus dI lwS nUM id`lI iljw ky d&nwieAw igAw sI.

bhwdur Swh (sMn 1670 dy iek pyNitMg)

bGyl isMG qIshzwrI

bGyl isMG DwlIvwl izLHw AMimRqsr dy ngr Jbwl dw vwsI sI[ ieh kroVisMGIAw imsl dy muK jrnYlW ivcoN iek sI[ sMn 1761 ivc qrwvVI dI lVweI ivc ies imsl dy muKI kroVw isMG dI mOq ho geI qW ies nUM AwpxI imsl dw muKI cux ilAw igAw, pr imsl dw nW kroVisMGIAw imsl hI irhw sI[ bGyl isMG ny krnwl, shwrnpur dy ielwikAW ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ auh pMjwb dy bhuq swry Coty hwkmW qoN qwvwn vI ilAw krdw sI[

kroVisMGIAw imsl kol 12 hzwr GoVsvwr sn[ ies imsl ny bhuq swry ielwky ivc Awpxw dbdbw kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI[ bGyl isMG ny sMn 1763 ivc jlMDr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ hirAwxw (hux huiSAwrpur izlHw) ies dw hY~fkuAwrtr sI[ ies ny jnvrI 1764 ivc krnwl, ClOdI Awid ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ies smyN ies ny ClOdI nUM Awpxw hY~fkuAwrtr bxw ilAw sI[ &rvrI 1764 ivc ies ny jmnw ndI pwr kr ky shwrnpur ’qy vI hmlw kIqw sI[ ies dy nwl hI ies ny njIb-aud-dOlw dy ielwky ivc vI bhuq lu`t-mwr kIqI sI[

sMn 1774 ivc jdoN zwbqw ^wn ny nj& ^wn nwl smJOqw kr ilAw qy AwpxIAW jwgIrW vI muV hwisl kr leIAW qW ies ’qy gu`sw kr ky is`KW ny rwey isMG, qwrw isMG ZYbw qy bGyl isMG dI AgvweI ivc zwibqw ^wn dy ielwky ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI Aqy guMgo, nnOqw Aqy idEbMd ivc lu`t-mwr kIqI sI[ A^Ir zwbqw ^wn ny is`KW nUM 50 hzwr rupey nzrwnw dy ky Cutkwrw pwieAw sI[ ies mgroN zwibqw ^wn ny bGyl isMG dI srdwrI mnzUr kr leI sI, Aqy nwl hI is`KW dI muihMm ivc vI Swiml ho igAw[ ie`QoN cl ky is`K &OjW myrT qy sonIpq rwhIN id`lI ivc dwi^l hoeIAW sn qy ie`QoN dy AmIrW-vzIrW nUM lu`itAw sI[ ies mgroN shwrnpur qy bUVIAw vI is`KW dy rihmo-krm ’qy sn[ mwrc 1776 ivc ies ny muz`&rngr ivc muZl &Oj nUM burI qrHW hrwieAw sI[ sMn 1779 ivc muZlW ny aus nwl nyVqw kwiem kr leI qW ies ny aunHW nwl Aihdnwmw kr ky Qnysr dy BMgw isMG Aqy bUVIAW dy rwie isMG nwl iml ky pitAwlw irAwsq nUM Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ ies hwlq ivc pitAwly dy rwjy Amr isMG ny hiQAwr sut id`qy sn Aqy bwbw bGyl isMG dy h`QoN KMfy dI pwhul lY leI sI[ bGyl isMG ny rohIlKMf dy hor ielwikAW ’qy vI hmlw kr ky l`KW rupY nzrwnw vsUl kIqw sI[ aus ny v`K-v`K mOikAW ’qy AlIgVH, Kurjw, cMdOsI, ietwvw, &rU^wbwd, murwdwbwd, AnUpSihr, bulMdSihr, ibjnOr Awid ’qy hmly kIqy sn[

id`lI ’qy aus ny keI vwr hmlw kIqw sI[ aus ny 1783 id`lI ’qy vI kbzw kIqw sI (11 mwrc 1783 dy idn aus ny lwl iklHw ’qy is`KW dw nILw inSwn swihb vI lihrwieAw sI)[ (audwsIAW ny JMfw buMgw, drbwr swihb ivc Bgvw JMfw lwieAw hoieAw sI; aus nUM mgroN inrmilAW ny drbwr swihb dw JMfw bxw ilAw sI[ vIhvIN sdI ivc ies dw rMg rwjpUqW vwlw kysrI bx igAw[ bhuq swry bysmJ is`KW ny ies nUM is`KW dw JMfw mMn ilAw)[

ies mOky ’qy jrnYlW ny dl Kwlsw dw muKI hox dy nwqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM q^q ’qy bYTx vwsqy ikhw pr aus ny ieh kih ky nWh kr id`qI sI ik is`KW ivc koeI bwdSwh nhIN huMdw, hr iek is`K bwdSwh hY[ ies kr ky koeI vI aus q^q ’qy bYTx vwsqy iqAwr nw hoieAw[

ies hwlq ivc muZl bwdSwh ny is`KW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw sI[ aus ny hI aunHW nUM id`lI dI cuMgI ivc rupey iv`coN Cy Awny (swFy 37%) ih`sw dyxw mMn ilAw sI, ijs mgroN is`KW ny lwl iklHw muZlW dy hvwly kr id`qw sI[ ies mOky ’qy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny ikhw ik jy AsIN id`lI dy q^q ’qy nhIN bYTxw qW AsIN ies q^q dw QVHw Xwdgwr vjoN AMimRqsr ivc zrUr lY ky jwvWgy qW jo qvwrI^ ivc ieh snd rhy ik kdy id`lI dw q^q vI kdy is`KW dy kdmW hyT irhw sI qy ies dI isl hmySw hI is`KW dy pYrW hyT rhygI[ (q^q vwlI ieh is`l j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw Awpxy buMgy ivc lY igAw sI jo A`j vI au~Qy mOjUd hY)[

aus vyly bGyl isMG dIAW &OjW dI igxqI 30 hzwr sI qy ijs QW ’qy is`K &OjW TihrIAW sn aus nUM A`j vI ‘qIs hzwrI’ vjoN jwixAw jWdw hY (id`lI dIAW AdwlqW ies ‘qIs hzwrI’ ivc hI bxIAW hoeIAW hn)[

bgyl isMG ny id`lI dI cuMgI ivcoN swFy 37% ih`sw vsUl krn dw smJOqw kr ky id`lI dw kbzw C`f id`qw sI[ auh kw&I icr id`lI ’qoN mwmlw vsUl krdw irhw sI[

ies dy nwl hI aus ny id`lI ivc gurU swihb nwl sbMDq QwvW dI Snw^q kr ky aunHW QWvW ’qy Agly Cy mhIinAW ivc guru swihbwn (guru nwnk swihb, guru hrikSn swihb, guru qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy guru gooibMd isMG swihb) dIAW XwdgwrW bxw id`qIAW[ gurduAwrw sIs gMj, rkwb gMj, bMglw swihb, bwlw swihb, dmdmw swihb, moqI bwZ, qylIvwVw, mjnU it`lw, nwnk ipAwau vZYrw gurduAwry bxwaux vwsqy bGyl isMG qy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny bhuq syvw kIqI sI[ bGyl isMG sbzI mMfI ielwky ivc bYT ky ingrwnI krdw irhw sI[ bGyl isMG dI mOq sMn 1802 ivc hirAwxw ivc hoeI sI[

bGyl isMG dy byZm smrU, muZlW dy Swh Awlm bwdSwh qy hor bhuq swry v`fy-v`fy rjvwiVAW nwl sbMD sn[ bGyl isMG BwvyN is`K sI pr auh imslW qoN pYsy vsUl krn vwsqy muZlW nwl vI smJOqy krdw rihMdw sI[ sMn 1779 ivc Abdul Aihd ^wn ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm iv`Fx dw &Yslw kIqw sI [iek is`K irAwsq ’qy muZlW dy hmly ivc bGyl isMG kroVwisMGIAw qy dysU isMG kYQl vI Swiml ho gey sn[ jINd dy gjpq isMG ny ies muihMm vwsqy do l`K rupY dyxy mnzUr kIqy sn[ sMn 1787 ivc AMbwjI mrh`tw ny pitAwly ’qy hmlw krn dI plwn bxweI sI[ bGyl isMG vI aus nwl rl igAw sI[ AMbwjI ny krm isMG qy gurid`q isMG nUM vI nwl rlwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr auh nhIN mMny sn[ hW dulcw isMG swQ dyxw zrUr mMn igAw sI[ aus ny Zulwm kwdr nUM vI nwl rlw ilAw sI[ pr AYn mOky ’qy Zulwm kwdr AwpxI &Oj smyq vwips clw igAw[ hux AMbwjI vI lVn dI bjwie 20 hzwr rupY pitAwly qoN hwisl kr ky vwips clw igAw sI[

bGyl isMG kol qIh hzwr &Oj sI[ sMn 1783 ivc ieh POj id`lI ’c ijs QW TihrI sI aus dw nW A`j vI id`lI ivc ‘qIs hzwrI’ vjoN kwiem hY (id`lI dw hweI kort qIs hzwrI ivc hI hY)[ sMn 1802 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI sI qy aus dI pqnI rwm kOr ny imsl dI vwgfor sMBwlI sI[ auh vI sMn 1848 ivc cVHweI kr geI sI[ ies mgroN AMgryzW ny aus dy sqluj pwrly ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1807 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny bGyl isMG dI ivDvw qoN sqluj dy p`CmI pwsy v`l hirAwxw (izlHw huiSAwrpur) dw ielwkw vI Koh ilAw sI.

bGyl isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

BweI bGyl isMG, pu`qr bwl isMG, dw jnm ipMf bUV cMd (izlHw lwhOr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jdoN Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI sI qW ieh aus dw srgrm mYNbr bx igAw sI[ ies dOrwn ZdrI kwrkuMnW srkwrI AdwirAW ivcoN hiQAwr lu`tx dI Xojnw iqAwr kIqI geI sI[ auh swQIAW nwl iml ky p`DrI klW kWf ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN bGylisMG igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ aus ’qy muk`dmw clw ky aus nUM szw-ie-mOq id`qI geI sI.

bwGV isMG

BweI bwGV isMG BweI Awlm isMG n`cxw dw pu`qr sI[ aus dy ipqw Aqy do v`fy BrwvW (Amolk isMG qy mohr isMG) ny 7 dsMbr 1705 dI Swm nUM cmkOr dI gVHI ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ jdoN bwGV isMG jvwn hoieAw sI qW auh vI Kwlsw &OjW ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ sMn 1740 ivc iek vwr auh Awpxy pirvwr nUM imlx vwsqy ipMf igAw hoieAw sI[ iksy sUhIey dI ieqlwh ’qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI Aqy lwhOr iljwieAw igAw sI[ lwhOr dy sUbydwr ny aus nUM muslmwn bxn dI sUrq ivc jwn b^S dyx dI pySkS kIqI sI, jo aus ny Tukrw id`qI sI[ ies ’qy aus nUM crKVI ’qy cwVH ky ShId kIqw igAw sI.

bwG isMG

BweI bwG isMG BweI rwey isMG dw pu`qr Aqy BweI mnI isMG dw poqw sI[ aus ny iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj v`loN AnMdpur ’qy kIqy hmilAW dOrwn 31 Agsq 1700 dy idn AgmgVH iklHy dy bwhr hoeI lVweI ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI. hor vyKo: rwie isMG.

bwG isMG AwhlUvwlIAw

iek lyKk ny iliKAw hY ik sMn 1757 ivc jlMDr dy hwkm kuqub dIn, ijs ny krqwrpur (jlMDr) ’qy hmlw kr ky gurduAwrw QMmH swihb nUM swV id`qw sI (ijs ivc BweI gurdws dI h`Q ilKq Awid gRMQ dI pihlI bIV vI sV geI sI)[ ies khwxI muqæwibkæ iek idn ieh kuqub dIn jMgl ivc iSkwr krn igAw hoieAw sI ik bwG isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nW dy iek is`K nUM aus dy jMgl ivc hox dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny 100 is`K lY ky kuqub dIn nUM Gyr ilAw sI Aqy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky ijaUNidAW swV id`qw sI[ ieM aus nuUM Awid gRMQ swVn dI szw id`qI sI[ ieh khwxI kwlpink hY, ikauN ik jlMDr dy hwkm dw nW nwwsr AlI sI Aqy auh kudrqI mOq mirAw sI[ jdoN is`KW ny jlMDr ’qy kbzw kIqw qW aus dI lwS nUM kbr ivcoN k`F ky swiVAw sI[ bwG isMG dw pwqr kwlpink hY; Swied ies Gtnw nUM GVn vwly ny Bwg isMG AwhlUvwlIAw (BqIjw j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw) dw nw sux ky ieh Gtnw GV leI hovy.

bwG isMG (kot seIAd muhMmd)

sMn 1748 ivc pMjwb ivc muZlW dy i^lw& 65 qoN vD j`Qy jUJ rhy sn[ ienHW ivcoN iek j`Qw bwG isMG (vwsI kot seIAd muhMmd ^wn) dw vI sI[ ienHW swirAW nUM 29 mwrc 1748 dy idn 11 imslW ivc jQybMd kr id`qw igAw sI.

bwG isMG (lMkw &rMkIAw) sMn 1748 ivc pMjwb ivc muZlW dy i^lw& 65 qoN vD j`Qy jUJ rhy sn[ ienHW ivcoN iek j`Qw bwG isMG (vwsI lMkw &rMkIAw) dw vI sI[ ienHW swirAW nUM 29 mwrc 1748 dy idn 11 imslW ivc jQybMd kr igAw sI.

b`gw isMG (jYqo)

BweI b`gw isMG, pu`qr ikSn isMG, dw jnm ipMf cihlwvwl (izlHw &Irozpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1920 ivc jdoN gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI sI qW ieh aus lihr dw ih`sw bx igAw sI[ ies ny gurU-dw-bwZ morcw ivc igR&qwrI id`qI sI[ ies ny mukqsr gurduAwry nUM mhMqW qoN Awzwd krvwaux ivc vI ih`sw pwieAw sI[ ies ny Aw^rI igR&qwrI jYqo morcy ivc id`qI sI Aqy nwBw jyl ivc kæYd irhw sI[ kæYd dOrwn srkwrI qS`dd Aqy mwVI Kurwk kwrn ieh jyl ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI. hor vyKo: jYqo morcw.

b`gw isMG (nwnkwxw)

BweI b`gw isMG (1893- 20.2.1921), pu`qr gMgw isMG, dw jnm ipMf c`k nMbr 38 dyvw isMGvwlw (izlHw Sy^Upurw) ivc hoieAw sI[ bcpn qoN hI auh Dwrimk ibrqI vwlw b`cw sI[ aus nUM kIrqn krn dw bhuq SOk sI[ aus dI SwdI CotI aumr ivc hI ho geI sI[ aus dy Gr cwr b`cy pYdw hoey sn[ 19 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN BweI lCmx isMG DwrovwlI nwnkwxw swihb nUM mhMq koloN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`Qw lY ky c`ly sn qW ieh aus ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ ies dy mwipAW ny ies nUM rokx dI bhuq koiSS kIqI sI, pr ieh AwpxI AVI ’qy kwiem irhw sI[ aus vyly ies dI pqnI grBvqI sI[ Agly idn jdoN j`Qw nwnkwxw pu`jw sI qW mhMq Aqy aus dy ilAWdy BwVy dy kwqlW ny j`Qy dy swry is`KW nUM kql kr id`qw sI[ aus dI ShIdI qoN pMj mhIny mgroN aus dy Gr pMjvyN b`cy ny jnm ilAw sI.

b`gw isMG kotlw inhMg ^wn

BweI b`gw isMG qrKwx kotlw inhMg ^wn (nyVy ropV) dw rihx vwlw sI[ jdoN vI gurU goibMd isMG jI BweI inhMg ^wn nUM imlx vwsqy kotlw inhMg AwauNdy sn qW auh ies nUM vI zrUr imldy huMdy sn[ 6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn jdoN gurU jI Aqy is`KW ny AnMdpur dw iqAwg kIqw sI qW bicqr isMG prmwr mlkpur ivc rMGVW nwl lVweI ivc bhuq z^mI ho igAw sI[ jdoN swihbzwdw AjIq isMG Aqy aus dy swQI mlkpur qoN lMGy sn qW aunHW ny aus nUM z^mI hwlq ivc pey vyikAw sI qW auh aus nUM cuk ky BweI inhMg ^wn dy Gr lY Awey sn[ bicqr isMG dI mOq 8 dsMbr nUM ho geI sI[ aus dw sskwr b`gw isMG qrKwx Aqy ies ipMf ivc rihMdy iek hor is`K gursw isMG ghUxIAw-sYxI ny A`DI rwq dy smyN cupcwp kr id`qw sI[ ies qoN iek idn pihlW 7 dsMbr nUM zorvwr isMG pwilq, jo cmkOr dI lVweI ivc z^mI hox mgroN bc ky inkl igAw sI, vI aus kol Aw pu`jw sI; b`gw isMG Aqy gursw isMG ny aus dI mrhm p`tI kIqI sI[ aus nUM vI bhuq z^m l`gy hoey sn[ bic`qr isMG dw sskwr krn mgroN AglI rwq nUM b`gw isMG Aqy gursw isMG ny zorwvr isMG pwilq nUM iek bYl g`fI ivc pw ky ffyhrVI ipMf ivc mweI pUpW dy Gr Cf Awey sn qW jo auh aus dw ielwj kr sky[ ieh dovyN is`K AYnI muSikl hwlq ivc ^qrw mu`l lY ky syvw krdy rhy sn.

bdr isMG

BweI bdr isMG, pu`qr dyvw isMG, poqrw swDU isMG dw jnm ipMf AwhlU (izlHw lwhOr) ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh nvwb kpUr isMG dI imsl dw iek ih`sw sI[ aus dy Gr j`sw isMG (AwhlUvwlIAw) dw jnm hoieAw sI[ bdr isMG dI mOq sMn 1723 ivc hoeI sI[ ies mgroN j`sw isMG Aqy aus dI mwqw, dovyN jxy mwqw suMdr kOr (pqnI gurU goibMd isMG jI) kol id`lI ivc rhy sn[ mgroN nvwb kpUr isMG j`sw isMG qy mwqw nUM pMjwb lY AwieAw sI.

bicqr isMG prmwr

bic`qr isMG BweI mnI isMG dw bytw, BweI mweIdws dw poqw, BweI b`lU dw pVpoqw snI[ aus dw jnm 12 ApRYl 1663 dy idn p`CmI pMjwb dy ipMf AlIpur (izlHw muz`&rgVH) ivc hoieAw sI [ auh aunHW pMjW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW ƒ BweI mnI isMG ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb ƒ Arpn kr id`qw sI[bic`qr isMG ny AwpxI aumr dw bhuqw ih`sw gurU goibMd isMG swihb jI dI sMgq ivc hI ibqwieAw sI[ auh gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy bhuq nzdIkI is`KW ivcoN iek sI Aqy gurU swihb vI aus ƒ bVw ipAwr kirAw krdy sn[bic`qr isMG iek bhwdur ispwhI, idlyr nOjvwn Aqy hmdrd ienswn sI[ Awp lVweI ivc hmySW hI sB qoN mUhry ho ky lVweI krdw huMdw sI[ qlvwr clwaux ivc auh eynw mwihr sI ik keI-keI bMidAW nwl iek`lw hI lV skdw sI[bic`qr isMG ny gurU jI dIAw swrIAW jMgW ivc hI ih`sw ilAw sI[

pihlI sqMbr 1700 dy idn jdoN phwVI rwijAW ny iek hwQI ƒ Srwb ipAw ky lohgVH iklHy dw drvwzw qoVn vwsqy A`gy ilAWdw sI qW bic`qr isMG ny gurU swihb v`loN id`qy nwgnI brCy nwl aus SrwbI hwQI dw mUMh moiVAw sI Aqy auh hwQI phwVIAW dIAW AwpxIAW &OjW ƒ ilqwVdw hoieAw vwips B`j igAw sI[

5 Aqy 6 dsMbr dI A`DI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU jI ny AnMdpur swihb C`fx dw &Yslw kIqw qW bic`qr isMG aunHW 40 is`KW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW ny gurU jI dy nwl “iek`Ty jIx mrn” dw pRx kIqw sI[ gurU jI ny bic`qr isMG ƒ iek sO isMGW dy jQy dw muKI bxw ky vhIr dy nwl qoirAw sI[ ieh vhIr AnMdpur swihb qoN kIrqpur qk Arwm nwl inkl geI sI Aqy au~QoN srsw ndI v`l rvwnw hoeI sI[ ies mOky ’qy bVI

BwrI igxqI ivc duSmx &OjW ny aunHW ’qy qIr Aqy golIAW dI vwCV SurU kr id`qI sI[ gurU swihb ny v`K-v`K jiQAW ƒ v`K-v`K QwvW ’qy qwienwq kr id`qw sI[ aunHW bic`qr isMG ƒ hdwieq id`qI sI ik auh ropV v`l clw jwvy qW jo jy kr muZl &Oj srhMd qoN Aw rhI hovy qW auh aus ƒ auDr hI rok sky[ jdoN bic`qr isMG dw jQw ipMf mlkpur rMGVW (ijs ƒ hux isr& mlkpur AwKdy hn) pu`jy qW au~QoN aus dI JVp mukwmI rMGVW (jo rwjpUqW qoN muslmwn bxy sn) nwl ho geI sI[ ies mOky ’qy bVI gih-g`c lVweI hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc swry sO dy sO is`K bhuq swry rMGV muslmwnW ƒ mwrn mgroN mwry gey sn[ bic`qr isMG ies mOky ’qy bVw gMBIr z^mI ho ky if`g ipAw sI[ duSmxW ny aus ƒ ^qm ho cu`kw smJ ky

C`f id`qw sI qy cly gey sn[ ip`CoN Aw rhy swihbzwdw AjIq isMG, BweI mdn isMG Aqy aunHW dy swQIAW ny jdoN bic`qr isMG ƒ sihkdw hoieAw vyiKAw qW auh aunHW ƒ cu`k ky au~QoN 6 iklomItr dUr kotlw inhMg ^wn ivc lY gey sn[ gurU goibMd isMG jI pihloN hI ie`Qy hwizr sn[ ies mgroN bic`qr isMG inhMg Kwn dy Gr ivc hI irhw sI[ inhMg Kwn dI bytI bIbI mumqwj ny aus dI bVI syvw kIqI pr aunHW dy z^m eyny gihry sn ik auh bc nhIN sikAw sI[ aus dI mOq 8 dsMbr 1705 dy idn hoeI sI[ aus dw sskwr kotlw inhMg ^wn dy grsw isMG ghUxIAW sYxI Aqy b`gw isMG qrKwx ny rwqo-rwq kr id`qw sI[ hor vyKo: mumqwj, mweI.

bic`qr isMG dy do byty sn: sMgrwm isMG qy rwm isMG[ ienHW dohW ny vI is`K pMQ vwsqy AwpxIAW izMdgIAW vwr id`qIAW sn[ sMgrwm isMG 12 meI 1710 dy idn cpV-icVI (srhMd) ivc mwirAw igAw sI qy rwm isMG bMdw isMG bhwdur nwl 9 jUn 1716 dy idn id`lI ivc mwirAw igAw sI[

bic`qr isMG dw nW is`K qvwrI^ ivc bVI Aihm QW r`Kdw hY [ keI vwrW qy dUjy soimAW ivc bic`qr isMG dI bhwdurI qy idlyrI dy kwrnwimAW ƒ bVy in`Gy l&zW ivc pyS kIqw igAw hY:

boilAw icqR bicqR isMG, rx holI KylW jwie kY[ pihlW KMfw JwVnw, rusqm dy isr kVkwie kY [
(vwr pwqSwhI dsvIN kI)

brCw mwirAw bicqr isMG kuMB ivc auTwey[ rxoN ky hwQI B`j kY iPr rwjIN pwey[
brCw isMG bicqr dw mu`l mihMgy hoieAw[
(pMjwbI vwrW, sMpwdr ipAwrw isMG pdm) bicqr isMG qyrI brCI roSn,

qyrI sWg Jrml krY[ qyry nwm QI irpu Qr Qr kWpY,
qyrI prbq hlk prY[
(dysw isMG B`t ny ieh dohw BwgU isMG prmwr dy ivAwh ’qy AMimRqsr ivc sMn 1706 ivc iliKAw sI).

hor vyKo: mumqwj, mweI, kotlw inhMg ^wn.

bicqr isMG nwnkwxw

BweI bicqr isMG (? – 20.2.1921) ipMf c`k nMbr 85 f`lw cMdw isMGvwlw dy gurduAwry dw gRMQI sI[ aus dy ipCokV dI koeI jwxkwrI nhIN imldI[ 19 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN lCmx isMG DwrovwlI nwnkwxw swihb gurduAwry nUM mhMq koloN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`Qw iljw irhw sI qW auh ies ipMf dy nyiVEN lMiGAw sI[ jd ies nUM ies bwry pqw l`gw qW ieh vI auh jQy ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[20 &rvrI dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivc mhMq nrYxU Aqy aus dy BwVy dy kwqlW ny ies j`Qy ivc Swiml swry is`KW nUM kql kr id`qw sI. q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw.

bicMq isMG

BweI bicMq isMG (1872-20.2.1921), pu`qr suMdr isMG, dw jnm ipMf Prwlw (izlHw jlMDr) ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1892 ivc ieh pirvwr c`k nMbr 258 (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) clw igAw sI[ sMn 1907-08 ivc bicMq isMG ny ipMf ivc gurduAwrw bxwieAw sI[ sqMbr 1920 ivc jdoN srdUl isMG kvISr ny ies sO is`KW dw jQw iljw ky id`lI ivc gurduAwrw rkwb gMj dI dIvwr Awp KVHI krn vwsqy nW mMgy sn qW ies ny aus j`Qy ivc Swiml hox vwsqy Awpxw nW ilKvwieAw sI (hor vyKo: rkwb gMj)[ &rvrI 1921 ivc auh Aqy aus dw ccyrw Brw Gn`eIAw isMG iksy irSqydwr dI mOq dI mwqmpursI krn vwsqy c`k nMbr 91 DMnUAW (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) ivc Awey hoey sn[ ie`Qy aunHW nUM pqw lgw sI ik lCmx isMG DwrovwlI nwnkwxw swihb gurduAwry nUM mhMq koloN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`Qw iljw irhw hY qW auh Aqy Gn`eIAw isMG ies j`Qy ivc Swiml hox vwsqy iqAwr ho gey sn[ 20 &rvrI dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivc mhMq nrYxU Aqy aus dy BwVy dy kwqlW ny ies j`Qy ivc Swiml swry is`KW nUM kql kr id`qw sI. q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw.

bwbr

zhIr-aud-dIn muhMmd bwbr* (14.2.1483 – 26.12.1530), pu`qr aumr Sy^ imrzw (pu`qr mIrn Swh, poqw qYmUr), dw jnm, mOjUdw auzbyiksqwn dI &rzwnw vwdI dy iek ipMf AMdIjwn ivc hoieAw sI[ {*bwbr (Syr) aus dy nW nwl i^qwb vjoN lwieAw igAw sI}[ ieh ^wndwn mMgolW dy bwrlw kbIly nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ ies dI mW kuqlZ ingwr ^wnm cMgyz ^wn dy pu`qr cZqeI ^wn dy ^wndwn ivcoN sI (Xwin bwbr qYmUr Aqy cMgyz ^wn ^wndwnW dw sWJw ^Un sI)[

bwbr dw bwp &rgwnw vwdI dw sUbydwr sI[ sMn 1494 ivc ipqw dI mMq mgroN ieh ies vwdI dw sUbydwr bixAw sI; aus vyly ies dI aumr isr& 12 swl sI[ do swl mgroN ies ny smrkMd ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1504 ivc aus ny Awpxy cwcy aulg ^wn dy nwbwlg pu`qr qoN kwbul Koh ilAw sI[ ies mgroN aus ny ierwn dy s&vId hwkm nwl sWJ pw ky quriksqwn ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI, jo bhuqI dyr qk kwiem nhIN sI rih sikAw[ ies Kyqr ivc iqMn vwr hwrn mgroN mgroN auh ny ihMd v`l mUMh kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1519 ivc auh JnW dirAw qk puj cukw sI[ sMn 1521 ivc ies ny sYdpur (eymnwbwd) ’qy kbzw kr ky ngr nUM qbwh kr id`qw sI[ sMn 1524 qk aus ny pMjwb sUbw (lwhOr, sulqwnpur Awid) Koh ilAw sI (aus nUM pMjwb ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy bulwaux vwlw lwhOr dw sUbydwr dOlq Kwn hI sI) {q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: dOlq ^wn loDI}[ ies smyN bwbr ny lwhOr Sihr dw bhuq swrw ih`sw A`g lw ky swV id`qw sI[

20 ApRYl 1526 dy idn bwbr ny pwnIpq dI lVweI ivc iebrwhIm lodI nUM hrw ky id`lI dy q^q ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ies smyN myvwV dy rwjpUqW ny rwxw sWgw dI AgvweI ivc aus qy hmlw kIqw sI pr 16 mwrc 1527 dy idn auh knvwhw (rwijsQwn) dI lVweI ivc hwr gey sn[ ies mgroN 20 jnvrI 1528 dy idn cMdyrI dI lVweI ivc bwbr ny rwjpUqW nUM hrw ky mwlvy ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ pr, ihMd ivc bwbr dI hkUmq isr& cwr swl hI rhI sI[ bwbr dI mOq 47 slw dI aumr ivc Awgrw ivc hoeI sI[ aus nUM kwbul ivc (bwZ-ie-bwbr ivc) d&nwieAw igAw sI[ bwbr ny AwpxI iek iksm dI sÍY-jIvnI ‘bwbrnwmw’ nW hyT ilKI sI[ aus ny ies nUM AwpxI mW bolI cgqweI qurkI bolI ivc iliKAw sI[ ies ivc aus ny AwpxIAW ijqW dy nwl-nwl kuJ ngrW bwry jwxkwrI vI id`qI hoeI hY[

bwbr v`loN pMjwb ’qy hmly dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb nUM igR&qwr krn Aqy aunHW ivc vwrqlwp hox dw izkr vI kIqw jWdw hY, jo ik isr& kwlpink khwxI hY; gurU swihb aus vyly m`kw qoN pMjwb v`l s&r kr rhy sn; Aqy bwbr dy kbzy qoN bhuq mgroN pu`jy sn[

bwbr ny keI SwdIAW kIqIAW sn, ijnHW ivcoN nON dy nW imldy hn; ienHW ivcoN vI AwieSw sulqwn byZm, zYnb sulqwn byZm, mwsmw sulqwn byZm Aqy bIbI mubwirkw muK sn; ies qoN ielwvw aus dIAW keI rKYlW vI sn[ ienHW ny bhuq swry lVky Aqy lVkIAW nUM jnm id`qw sI ijnHW ivcoN muK sn: nsIr-aud-dIn (humwXUM), kwmrwn imrzw, AskrI imrzw, ihMdwl imrzw Awid.

kwbul ivc bwbr dI kbr

BweI bwz

BweI bwz isMG ƒ 9 jUn 1716 dy idn id`lI ivc kql kIqw igAw sI[ bwz isMG nTIAw dw bytw, ShId b`lU dw poqw Aqy mUlw dw pVpoqw sI[ auh nTIAw dy A`TW byitAW ivc dUjy QW ‟qy sI[ aus dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy iek ipMf AlIpur (izlHw muz`&rgVH) ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN aus dy ipqw bMgS ielwky (kohwt qoN ipSwvr dy ivckwr dw ielwkw) v`l cly gey sn[ ieh ^wndwn gurU Gr dw bhuq purwxw syvk sI Aqy ienHW ny pMQ dI cVHdI klw vwsqy bVIAW kurbwnIAW kIqIAW sn[ bwj isMG dw bcpn dw nW bwjU sI qy KMfy dI pwhul hwisl krn mgroN bwz isMG bx igAw sI[

pMj AkqUbr 1708 dy idn jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny bMdw isMG bhwdur ƒ Kwlsw &OjW dw muKI bxw ky pMjwb ByijAw sI qW aus dy nwl Byjy gey pMj swQIAW ivc bwz isMG vI sI[“B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc ies dw izkr ieM imldw hY: “gurU goibMd isMG mhl dsmw, bytw gurU qyg bhwdr jI kw, ny sMmq sqrW sY pYNsT kwrqk mwsy sudI qIj mMglvwr ky idhuM gWm nMdyV, dys dKx, qt godwvrI sy, bMdw isMG ko mdr dys jwny kw bcn hUAw[ gYloN bwvw ibnod isMG, kwhn isMG, BgvMq isMG, kuier isMG, bwj isMG pWc isK iqAwr kIey[” pMjwb phuMc kyN ienHW ny pMjwb dw kw&I ih`sw Awzwd krvw ilAw sI[ 14 meI 1710 dy idn ienHW ny srhMd ƒ vI Awzwd krvw ilAw sI[ srhMd ‟qy kbzw hox mgroN mgroN bwz isMG ƒ srhMd dw sUbydwr lwieAw igAw sI[

bwz isMG ny srhMd dw ieMqzwm pMj mhIny b^UbI clwieAw sI[ aus ny swibq kr id`qw ik gurU nwnk-gurU goibMd isMG dy hukm muqæwibkæ rwj ikM clwieAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ srhMd dy lokW ny s`cy Kwlsw rwj dw inzwm vyiKAw[ inzwm, iensw&, ih&wzq, mwlI skUn dI jo dyx bwz isMG ny kuJ hI mhIinAW ivc lokW ƒ id`qI sI, srhMd dy lok ies ƒ ^Íwb ivc vI nhIN soc skdy sn[ pr, ieh mwhOl bhuqI dyr nhI rih sikAw sI[ nvMbr 1710 ivc bhwdr Swh v`loN iek v`fI &Oj nwl kUc kIqy jwx mgroN is`K AwgUAW ƒ srhMd qoN jwxw ipAw sI[ ies mgroN vI bwz isMG ny Pyr bMdw isMG nwl rl ky j`dojihd kIqI sI[ aunHW ny kuJ kwmXwbI vI hwisl kIqI sI, pr ies dw A^Ir audoN Aw igAw jdoN auh gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc iGr gey sn Aqy 8 mhIny Bu`Ky-Bwxy rihx kr ky bVy kmzor hox mgroN igR&qwr kr ley gey sn Aqy id`lI ivc 9 mwrc 1716 dy idn kql kr id`qy gey sn[ ienHW ShIdIAW dw izkr „B`t vhI BwdsoN, prgnw Qwnysr‟ ivc ieM imldw hY: “BgvMq isMG bytw nTIAw kw, kaur isMG bytw nTIAw kw, bwj isMG bytw nTIAw kw, Swm isMG bytw nTIAw kw, poqy b`lU rwE ky, pVpoqy nwiek mUl cMd ky, cMdrbMsI, BwrdvwjI, goqRy puAwr, bMs bINJkw, bMjrauNq jlHwny, sMmq 1773 AswF mwsy sudI eykm ky idvs, svw pihr idhuM cFy bKqkwr kwkI ky mkbry pws jmnw ndI iknwry bwbw bMdw isMG swihb nwl ShwdqW pwie gey[”

bwz isMG Aqy aus dy iqMn BrwvW dI ShIdI dw izkr kridAW rqn isMG BMgU ieM ilKdw hY: bwj isMG ny BlI inbwhI[ muey bMdY sMg cwrauN BweI] (pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, s&w 158, AYfISn 1982)[

bwz isMG dy cwr byty sn: kysr isMG, nwhr isMG, Syr isMG qy Albyl isMG[ ienHW ivcoN in`ky iqMny aus dy nwl ShId kIqy gey sn.

bwbw bu`Fw

bwbw bu`Fw (6.10.1506- 17.11.1631), pu`qr su`Gw rMDwvw, dw jnm ipMf k`QU nMgl (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ bcpn ivc ies dw nW bUVHw sI[ iek pRclq swKI muqwibk vwrI gurU nwnk swihb AMimRqsr izly dy iek ipMf k~QU nMgl dy nyiVEN lMG rhy sn[ au~Qy ieh lVkw fMgr cwr irhw sI[ gurU swihb nUM vyK ky auh nyVy Aw igAw sI[ aus ny gurU swihb nwl g~lW SurU kr id~qIAW sn[ jdoN auh gurU swihb nwl g~lW kr irhw sI qW aus dw bwp au~Qy Aw igAw[ aus ny puiCAw, “bwbw jI ieh b~cw Awp nwl kI g~lW kr irhw hY?” gurU swihb ny aus nUM d~isAw ik “qyrw bytw bVIAW isAwxIAW g~lW krdw hY[” auh AwKx lgw, “mYnUM lgdw hY ik myrw bytw bu~iFAW vrgIAW g~lW krdw hY[” auh muMfw AwKx lgw, “bwbw jI Coty vI qW isAwxIAW g~lW kr skdy hn[ jdoN A~g lgdI hY qW in~kIAW lkVW nUM A~g pihloN lgdI hY Aqy v~fIAW nUM bwAd ivc[ jy mYN CotI aumr ivc hI r~b nUM ipAwrw ho igAw qW pIrW &kIrW dI sMgq Aqy syvw qoN vWw KwlI clw jwvWgw”[ ieh sux ky aus dw bwp AwKx l`gw, “bwbw jI, ieh bUVw ikho ijhIAW g~lW krdw hY?” gurU swihb AwKx lgy, “BweI qyrw ieh bytw bUVw nhIN blik iek „bzurg hsqI‟ hY[ ieh iek Awm b~cw nhIN hY[” ies qy aus b~cy dw nW “bu~Fw” hI cl ipAw[ mgroN vfyrI aumr dw hox kr ky aus dw nW bwbw bu`Fw hI jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ ieh Gtnw sMn 1518 dI hY[
iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU nwnk swihb qoN mgroN auh gurU hirgoibMd swihb qk gurUAW dy drbwr ivc hwzr huMdw rihMdw sI[ ies irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurg`dI nw imlx kr ky, sMn 1581-82 ivc jdoN gurU rwmdws jI dy v`fy pu`qr ipRQI cMd ny gurU-dw-c`k Awaux vwlI swrI rsd ‟qy rwh ivc hI kbzw krnw SurU kr id`qw sI qW bwbw bu`Fw Aqy horW ny ies hrkq nUM bMd krvwieAw sI[ 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn jdoN BweI gurdws ilKq Awid gRMQ swihb dw pihlw pRkwS drbwr swihb ivc hoieAw sI qW aus nUM pihlw gRMQI hox dw mwx pRwpq hoieAw sI[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr dy iklH ivc kæYd sn qW auh lgwqwr gvwlIAr jWdw rihMdw sI Aqy gurU jI Aqy is`KW ivckwr kVI dw kMm krdw rihMdw sI[ gurU jI dI irhweI mgroN vI ieh gurU jI dy drbwr ivc hwzr huMdw irhw sI[ jdoN ies dI mOq hoeI qW ies dy sskwr ivc Swiml hox vwsqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb ^ud Awp pu`jy sn[
pr, BweI gurdws ny bwbw bu`Fw dw izkr „bUVw bu`Fw‟ vjoN Aqy hor pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek vjoN kIqw hY, nw ik iek bhuq ^ws S^sIAq vjoN[ ies qoN S`k pYNdw hY ik ik bwbw bu`Fw Aqy aus dy pirvwr nUM AihmIAq BweI gurdws dy cVHweI krn qoN mgroN imlI sI; Aqy aus bwry pRclq khwxIAW mgroN ilKIAW geIAW hoxgIAW[ ieh mumikn nhIN ik ieh „bUVw‟ bwbw bu`Fw nhIN blik koeI hor is`K sI, ikauNik BweI gurdws ny isr& ie`ko bUVw dw izkr kIqw hY[ bwbw bu`Fw dw izkr BweI gurdws ny ieM kIqw hY: ijqw rMDwvw Blw hY, bUVw buFw iek min iDAwvY (vwr 11, pauVI 14).
bwbw bu`Fw bwry keI mnGVq Aqy Zlq g`lW pRcwrIAW hoeIAW hn: 1. gurU Arjn swihb dI pqnI mwqw gMgw keI swl b`cw nw hox kr ky aunHW koloN pu`qr dw vr mMgx geI sI (ies g`p dw s`c jwxn vwsqy vyKo: hirgoibMd gurU, gMgw mwqw) 2. bwbw bu`Fw ny pMj gurUAW nUM gurg`dI dw iqlk lwieAw sI[ is`KI ivc ies qrHw dI koeI rsm nhIN[ ieh khwxI vI bwbw bu`Fw dy pirvwr jW aus SrDwlUAW ny Awpxy koloN GVI hoeI jwpdI hY 3. bwbw bu`Fw ny gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM qlvwr pihnweI qW auh ZlqI nwl aulty pwsy (K`by qoN s`jy) ltkw bYTy sn; ies kr ky gurU jI nUM do ikrpwnW Dwrn krnIAW peIAW sn (jW Dwrn kIqIAW sn Aqy ies Gtnw dw nW mIrI-pIrI dIAW qlvwrW Dwrn krnw bx igAw sI); hkIkq ieh hY ik ieh Gtnw kdy hoeI hI nhIN sI[
bwbw bu`Fw dy cwr puqr sn (suDwrI, iBKwrI, mihmU Aqy Bwnw); ienHW ivcoN pihly iqMn aus dy Awpxy jIvn ivc hI cVHweI kr gey sn[ aus dI mOq ip`CoN aus dw pu`qr Bwnw, poqy jlwl qy srvx, pVpoqw JMfw Aqy pV-pVpoqw gurid`qw Aqy pV-pV-pVpoqw rwm kuMvr (pwhul mgroN gurb^S isMG) gurU drbwrW dw ih`sw bxy rhy sn[ bwbw bu`Fw ny izAwdw smW ijs QW ‟qy ibqwieAw sI, au~Qy iek v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.
hor vyKo: T`Tw, bIV bwbw bu`Fw.

Bhai Rai Kallha, the ruler of the area of Tihar-Jagraon region, was the son of Rai Ahmed and grandson of Tulsi Ram, a Rajput. His daughter was married to Bhai Aalam Khan, son of Bhai Nihang Khan, chief of village Kot Nihang Khan (near Ropar). When Guru Gobind Singh Sahib reached Lamme-Jatpura from Machhiwara, on December 17, 1705, he welcomed Guru Sahib and provided all possible help. He sent Nura Mahi to Sirhind to confirm the news of the martyrdom of the two younger sons and the mother of Guru Sahib. When Nura Mahi returned and gave the information, Rai Kallha became sad. Guru Sahib told him that one must bow before the Will of the Almighty. Before leaving the village, Guru Sahib presented him a sword, a rack to place sacred books on it for reading purposes and a splendid jug, named Ganga Sagar. In 1731, when he grew old, Baba Aala Singh of Patiala attacked him and captured a lot of his territory. His family, however, remained in possession of a few villages. Once his grandson went out on a hunting tour and wore the sword presented by Guru Gobind Singh Sahib. While chasing a deer, he hurt himself and died of the wound. Later, one member of this family gave this sword to Deputy Commissioner of Ludhiana as a present. He sent that sword to the India Office. Finally it reached the British Museum at London. Ilias was the last male in direct line of Bhai Rai Kallha. After this the jug and the rack remained with one of the relatives of Ilias. In 1947, they migrated to Chicha Watani (Pakistan). They took the jug and the rack with them. They have still preserved these two things with them. In 1994, the family, which had the possession of Ganga Sagar, travelled to England (with this jug). The Sikhs donated large sums of money to the family.

(Dr Harjinder Sinh Dilgeer)

MAIYA
Bhai Maia, son of Bhai Khana, was a dedicated Sikh of the time of Guru Angad and Guru Amar Das. According to the author of Sikhan Di Bhagatmala, Once he, along with his father Bhai Khanu and Bhai Govind Bhandari visited Guru Angad. They asked the Guru as to which was the most precious virtue that one should have. The Guru told them that love is the greatest virtue. We should always love God. We should remember Him and always sing the praise of His Excellences. We should serve the Sangat and help the needy with food and clothing. Bhai Khanu, Bhai Maia and Bhai Govind spent rest of their lives as per the instructions of the Guru.

MAIYA LAMB
Bhai Maia Lamb, a resident of Suhand (probably Sirhind), was a dedicated Sikh of the time of Guru Hargobind Sahib. According to the author of Sikhan Di Bhagatmala, once Bhai Maia asked the Guru, “Some people perform Keertan as a means to earn their livelihood while others earn their livliehood by hard labour, share their earnings with others, attend the Sangat and recite Gurbani. Who is better among these two?” The Guru told him, “All those who sing the praise of God are blessed by Him but those who do so without desire for any reward attain the Divine Bliss.”

(Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer)

jyTw isMG

1. BweI jyTw isMG d`Kx dy ngr Aihmdwbwd ivc rihx vwlw iek vpwrI sI[ jdoN BweI dXw isMG qy Drm isMG gurU goibMd isMG jI dw AOrMgzyb nUM iliKAw ^q lY ky AOrMgbwd gey sn qW ies kol Tihry sn (z&rnwmw dy nW hyT ilKI iksy kvI dI &wrsI mShUr kivqw auh ^q nhIN sI)

2. BweI dXw isMG sIs Byt kOqk vyly sIs Byt krn vwsqy sB qoN pihlW au~iTAw sI, ies kr ky aus nUM pihlw ipAwrw, jyTw ipAwrw qy jyTw isMG nWvW nwl vI Xwd kIqw jWdw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jyTw isMG prmwr

BweI jyTw isMG ƒ 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc ShIdI hwisl hoeI sI[ jyTw isMG BweI mweIdws dw bytw, ShId BweI b`lU dw poqw Aqy BweI mUlw dw pVpoqw sI[ mweI dws dy 12 byitAW ivcoN jyTw sB qoN v`fw sI[ BweI idAwl dws Aqy BweI mnI isMG aus qoN qrbIbvwr dUjy Aqy qIjy QW ’qy sn[ BweI b`lU dy swry pu`qr Aqy ^ws kr ky mweI dws Aqy aunHW dw swrw pirvwr hI gurU Gr dy hmySw swidk rhy sn[ jyTw isMG ny mweI dws pirvwr dIAw swrIAW izMmydwrIAW Awp sMBwlIAw hoeIAW sn ies kr ky auh AnMdpur swihb G`t hI igAw sI qy KyqIbwVI dw kMm krdy rihMdw sI[ ieh iek sWJw pirvwr sI Aqy drjnW jxy ies dw ih`sw sn[ BwvyN swry jxy rl-iml ky kMm krdy sn pr vDyry syvw BweI jyTw isMG kirAw krdw sI[ jyTw isMG ny gurU goibMd isMG pwsoN AnMdpur swihb Aw ky KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI sI[ auh ies mgroN iPr ipMf AlIpur (izlHw muz`&rgVH) Aw ky rihx l`g ipAw sI[ 1711 dIAW grmIAW ivc muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh v`loN is`KW dw kqlyAwm krn dy hukm (10 dsMbr 1710) dI qwmIl dy sbMD ivc iek muZl Qwxydwr ny ipMf AlIpur Aw ky jyTw isMG qy aus dy v`fy byty hrI isMG ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ienHW dy nwl jyTw isMG dw iek Brw rUp isMG vI igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ ienHW iqMnW ƒ lwhOr iljwieAw igAw ij`Qy aunHW ƒ “ieslwm Aqy mOq” ivcoN iek cuxn vwsqy AwiKAw igAw[ ShIdW dy ies pirvwr dy iksy jIA qoN Drm bdlI dI Aws r`Kxw byvkU&I sI [jyTw isMG ƒ keI qrHW dy lwlc vI id`qy gey pr gurU dy is`K ny Drm C`fx qoN korI nWh kr id`qI[ ies mgroN ienHW ƒ iqMn mhIny Gor qsIhy id`qy gey[ jdoN ieh qsIhy vI byAsr ho gey qW ienHW ƒ zmIn ivc ijaUNdy g`f ky ShId kr id`qw igAw[ jyTw isMG dy iqMn pu`qr sn: hrI isMG, cYn isMG qy BUpq isMG[ sB qoN v`fy hrI isMG ƒ aus dy nwl hI ShId kIqw igAw sI[hrI isMG dy A`goN iqMn pu`qr sn: C`jU isMG, gurdyv isMG qy su`Kw isMG[C`jU isMG dy do byty sn: tihl isMG Aqy cYn isMG[ tihl isMG dy vI A`goN do byty sn: idAwl isMG qy rUp isMG[ ieM\ hI idAwl isMG dy iqMn pu`qr sn: mohr isMG, mohkm isMG qy hzwrw isMG[ ienHW ivcoN sB qoN v`fy mohr isMG dy A`goN do byty hIrw isMG qy m`Kx isMG hoey sn[ ienHW ivcoN keIAW dy A`goN hor vI pirvwr hn[ ienHW pirvwrW ivcoN keI pirvwr jMmU-kSmIr dy ipMf is`K AwVw (nyVy B`fU blOr) ivc Ajy vI rih rhy hn[ jyTw isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI krisMDU, prgnw s&YdoN” dy s&w 97 ’qy imldw hY:“jyTw isMG mweI dws kw, rUp isMG mweI dws kw, poqy b`lU ky, pVpoqy mUly ky, cMdr bMsI BwrdvwjI goqry pMvwr, bMs bINJy kw, bMJrauNq rdauNq, jlHwny, SwhI hukm gYl, cwlIEN kI cauNkI myN qIn mws AiDk duK dy kr, sMbq 1768, imqI kqk idn 9 ko Awlovwl ky mlhwn, prgnw lwhOr myN mwry gey[”

jyTw isMG cOhwn

11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc ShId kIqy jwx vwly 40 isMGW ivc BweI jyTw isMG vI Swiml sI[ jyTw isMG BweI CbIl isMG (CbIlw) dw bytw, BweI cMdw dw poqw Aqy BweI l`Dw dw pVpoqw sI[ auh bqs (vqs) cOhwn-rwjpUq ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ ieh pirvwr p`CmI pMjwb dy isAwlkot Aqy mulqwn dy ivckwrly ielwky ivc irhw krdw sI[jyTw isMG ny AnMdpur swihb ivc jw ky keI vwr gurU goibMd isMG jI dy drSn kIqy sn[ aus ny KMfy dI pwhul vI AnMdpur swihb ivc leI sI[ cOhwn pirvwrW dy bhuq swry jxy gurU jI dy bVy nzdIkI is`KW ivcoN sn[ gurU jI dw ifaUFI-brdwr BweI Awilm isMG n`cxw dI vI iesy pirvwr nwl AMglI-sMglI rldI sI[ bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr v`loN pMjwb Awzwd krwaux mgroN bhwdr Swh bwdSwh v`loN is`KW dw kqlyAwm krn dy Awm hukm hyT jyTw isMG ƒ aus dy GroN igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr ilAWdw igAw[ aus ƒ ‘muslmwn bxn jW mrn vwsqy iqAwr hox’ ivcoN iek cuxn vwsqy AwiKAw igAw[ aus ny Drm C`fx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ ies mgroN aus ƒ qsIhy dy ky frwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI geI[ pr infr jyTw isMG ƒ koeI vI zulm jW lwlc frw nw sikAw[ A^Ir aus ƒ 39 hor isMGW, jo is`K hox dw ielzwm hox kr ky au~Qy ilAWdy hoey sn, dy nwl hI Awlovwl ivc zmIn ivc ijaUNidAW d`b ky ShId kr id`qw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jvwhr isMG (jYqo)

BweI jvwhr isMG (? – 21.2.1924) iek dilq ikswn BweI KyqU dw pu`qr sI[ aus dw jnm ipMf kuMfl (izlHw &Irozpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ jdoN auh jvwn hoieAw qW auh ibRitS &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ &Oj ivc syvw kridAW iek gRMQI ny aus nUM pMjwbI zbwn isKweI[ auh hOlI-hOlI gutky qoN pwT vI krn lg ipAw[ pMj swl dI nOkrI mgroN aus ny AsqI&w dy id`qw Aqy Gr Aw igAw[ aunHIN idnIN gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU ho cukI sI[ jdoN jYqo morcy dOrwn SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny 500 is`KW dw ShIdI jQw Byjx dw AYlwn kIqw qW aus ny vI ies jQy ivc Swiml hox vwsqy ivc Awpxw nW ilKvwieAw[ ieh jQw 9 &rvrI dy idn drbwr swihb AMimRqsr qoN c`ilAw Aqy 21 &rvrI dy idn nwBw irAwsq ivc dwi^l hoieAw[ ibRitS pulIs ny ies jQy ’qy &wieirMg kIqI Aqy drjnW is`KW nUM mwr id`qw[ ienHW ShIdW ivc BweI jvwhr isMG vI Swiml sI. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jYqo morcw.

jwlp/ jwlpw/ jwlpu

gurU gRMQ swihb ivc ijnHW 11 B`tW dI bwxI hY, ieh aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ ies dw dUjw nW jl´ vI hY[ ieh BweI iB`Kw B`t dy pMj pu`qrW ivcoN ivckwrlw sI (Aqy kl, mQrw, kIrq, mlIAw qy dlIAw dw Brw) sI[

gurU gRMQ swihb ivc (s&w 1394-95) ies dy 5 sveIey hn, ijvyN: skXQu su isru, jwlpu BxY, ju isru invY gur Amr inq (1394), qY loBu k®oDu iqRsnw qjI, su miq jl´ jwxI jugiq (1394) {jl´= hy! jl, hy! jwlp}., jwlpw, pdwrQ ieqVy, gur Amrdwis ifTY imlih (1395) {jwlpw= hy! jwlp}.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jyTw isMG (jYqo)

BweI jyTw isMNG, pu`qr BweI J`KV isMG, izlHw huiSAwrpur nwl sbMDq sI[ auh jYqo morcy ivc sqvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw AnMdpur swihb qoN 1 jUn 1924 dy idn c`ilAw sI Aqy AMimRqsr huMdw hoieAw 29 jUn dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI[ jQy ivc Swiml hr iek is`K nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc kYd kIqw igAw[ jyl ivc qS`dd Aqy mwVi ^urwk kwrn BweI jyTw isMG jyl ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jYqo morcw.

jyTw (lKnOr)

lKnOr vwsI BweI jyTw gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ jdoN 1670 ivc mwqw gujrI jI Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI (bwl AvsQw ivc) ptnw qoN pMjwb nUM Aw rhy sn qW rsqy ivc iek rwq ies kol Tihry sn.

jyTw (jOnpur)

jOnpur vwsI BweI jyTw gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ gurU jI dI isiKAw sux ky ies ny qwmsI qp C`f ky ieMdrIAW dy ingRih dw qp SurU kr id`qw sI.

jyTw hyhr

BweI jyTw hyhr gurU Arjn swihb Aqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy vyly dw pRmu`K is`K sI[ BweI jyTw gurU Arjn swihb dw drbwrI is`K sI[ jdoN gurU Arjn swihb igR&qwr hoey qW jyTw vI aunHW dy nwl hI sI[ aus ny gurU swihb dI ShIdI Awpxy A`KIN vyKI sI qy swrw hwl AMimRqsr Aw ky ibAwn kIqw sI[ auh gurU hirgoibMd swihb vyly vI gurU Gr dI syvw krdw irhw sI[ jdoN CyvyN pwqSwh ny &Oj bxweI qW aus ƒ jrnYl QwipAw igAw sI[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kYd sn qW bwbw bu`Fw, BweI gurdws qy horW dy nwl-nwl jyTw vI Aksr gvwlIAr AwieAw-jwieAw krdw sI[ gurU swihb dI irhweI qoN mgroN vI BweI jyTw aunHW dy nwl-nwl hI irhw sI[ BweI bVw bhwdr, hONsly vwlw qy dlyr ienswn sI[ auh Ssqr clwaux, ^ws kr ky qIr qy qlvwr dw DnI sI[ aus ny gurU swihb ’qy hoey hmly ivc mUhry ho ky duSmxW dw twkrw kIqw[ dsMbr 1634 ivc gurU jI mihrwj ipMf dy nyVy-qyVy pRcwr kr rhy sn qW muZl &OjW ny gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies mOky ’qy dohW iDrW ivc gih-g`c lVweI hoeI[ 16 dsMbr 1634 dy idn hoeI lVweI ivc hornW qoN ielwvw jyTw vI jIA jwn qoN jUiJAw sI[ aunHW ny pihloN qIrW nwl qy Pyr qlvwr nwl AwpxI bhwdrI dy jOhr idKwey sn[ ies dOrwn jyTw Aqy muZl jrnYl kwsm byg ivc Gmswx dI lVweI hoeI sI[ ies jMg ivc jyTw ny Awp vI ShIdI pweI[ ShIdI vyly auh kw&I bzurg ho cu`kw sI qy aus dI dwVHI pUrI s&Yd sI

jIvn isMG (jYqw)

BweI jIvn isMG (1647 – 6.12.1705) BweI AwigAw dw pu`qr qy BweI du`lw dw poqw sI[ auh rMGrytw nW dI iek pCVI jwqI nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ aus dy v`fy-vfyry idlvwlI muh`ly id`lI ivc irhw krdy sn[ jdoN 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb id`lI ivc ShId kr id`qy gey qW jYqw Awpxy iqMn swQIAW nwl rl ky gurU swihb dw sIs cWdnI cONk ’coN c`uk ky ilAwieAw sI Aqy aunHW ny AnMdpur swihb iljw ky gurU goibMd isMG swihb ƒ dy id`qw sI[ irvwieq muqwibk gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ “rMGrytw gurU dw bytw” AwK ky invwijAw sI[

jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny &Oj bxweI qW jYqw vI aus ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ jYqw ny Ssqr clwaux dI isKlweI lYx ivc bVI idlcspI idKweI sI[ bVI CyqI auh Ssqr clwaux ivc mwihr ho igAw sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU kIqI qW auh pwhul lY ky BweI jYqw qoN BweI jIvn isMG bx igAw[ aus dw gurU swihb nwl eynw ipAwr sI ik auh ies qoN mgroN AnMdpur swihb ivc hI rihx l`g ipAw sI[ AnMdpur swihb ’qy hoey hmilAW ivc aus ny bhwdrI dy ^Ub jOhr idKwey sn[

5-6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU jI ny AnMdpur swihb C`ifAw qW jIvn iisMG vI aunHW 40 isMGW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW ny gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg rihx dw &Yslw kIqw sI[ AnMdpur swihb qoN inkl ky jdoN kw&lw kIrqpur qoN A`gy srsw ndI dy nyVy pu`jw qW phwVI &OjW ny is`KW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ jIvn isMG Aqy aunHW dy iek sO swQIAW ƒ gurU swihb ny srsw ndI dy nyVy ipMf J`KIAW dI jUh ivc morcy lwaux vwsqy qwienwq kr id`qw[ ies mOky ’qy bVI zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ swry isMGW ny hmlwvr ispwhIAW dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw[ jIvn isMG, jo bVw zbrdsq qIr-AMdwz sI, ny qIrW dw mINh vrHw id`qw[ ies mOky ’qy Acwnk iek golI jIvn isMG dy m`Qy ivc Aw ky v`jI Aqy aus ny aus vyly “vwihgurU jI dI &qih” AwK ky jwn dy id`qI[ Swm q`k ieh lVweI cldI rhI Aqy ieh swry sO dy sO is`K, iek bIbI iB`KW pqnI Awilm isMG n`cxw (qy bytI BweI bjr isMG) smyq, ShIdIAW pw gey[ ieh swrIAW ShIdIAW 6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn svyr vyly hoeIAW sn [BweI jIvn isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ivc ieM\ imldw hY: “jIvn isMG bytw AwigAw kw, poqw du`ly kw…bwsI id`lI, muh`lw idlvwlI is`KW, sO is`KW ko gYl lY, sMmq sqrW sY bwsT, poK mwsy sudI dUj, vIrvwr ky idhuM, srsw ndI ky qIr rwjw Ajmyr cMd, bytw BIm cMd kw….rwxy kI &Oj ds GrI jUJ ky mrw[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI)[ ies ieMdrwj qoN pqw lgdw hY ik 58 swl dw BweI jIvn isMG 10 GVIAW, Xwin 240 imMt (4 GMty) jUJdw irhw sI[ ies dw Bwv ieh hY ik jIvn isMG ivc byh`d zor sI[ jy aus vyly aus ƒ golI nw v`jdI qW pqw nhIN auh ikMny GMty hor qlvwr vwhuMdw rihMdw! jIvn isMG dw izkr pMjwbI vwrW ivc bVy Adb nwl AwieAw hY :

jIvn isMG rMGrytVo, rx mih pvY insMg [
muho muh qlvwrW KwDIAW, tuk mUl n moVY AMg

(pMjwbI vwrW, ipAwrw isMG pdm, s&w 283) qÍwrI^ ivc BweI jIvn isMG dy iek byty BweI sUrq isMG dw izkr vI AwauNdw hY jo 1706 ivc id`lI qoN qlvMfI swbo igAw sI qy au~Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dy drSn kIqy sn[

BweI jIvn isMG sbMDI do g`p khwxIAW pRclq hn: 1. jIvn isMG iksy kwlpink sdw nMd dw pu`qr sI Aqy jdoN guru qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM ShId kIqw igAw sI qW ies sdw nMd dw isr v`F ky cWdnI cOk koqvwlI dy bwhr r`K ky guruU jI dw sIs cu`k ky lY AWdw sI 2. jIvn isMG dI ShIdI cmkor ivc hoeI sI[ ieh dovyN g`lW g`p khwxIAW hn.

jIvn isMG mwCIvwVw

BweI jIvn isMG mwCIvwVw dw rihx vwlw sI[ 7 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq vyly jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI BweI nbI ^wn Aqy ZnI ^wn dI mdd nwl cmkOr dI gVHI ivcoN inkl ky mwCIvwVw Awey sn qW auh iqMn idn ies dy cObwry ivc rhy sn[ BweI jivn isMG dw Gr hux gurduAwrw cObwrw swihb bx cukw hY

gurduAwrw cObwrw swihb

jIqw isMG

BweI jIqw isMG ny 14 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShIdI pweI sI[ aus dw nW jIq isMG qy AjIq isMG iliKAw vI imldw hY[ BweI jIqw isMG BweI rwmy dw bytw, ShId BweI suKIAw dw poqw qy BweI mWfn dw pVpoqw sI[ aus dy v`fy-vfyry gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`K pMQ dw ih`sw sn[ aus dy pVdwdy BweI mWfn ny ruhIlw dI lVweI (27 sqMbr 1621) ivc ^Ub bhwdrI nwl lVweI kIqI sI[ aus dy dwdw BweI suKIAw (jo BweI mnI isMG dw s`kw Pu`PV sI) ny 16 dsMbr 1634 dy idn, mihrwj dI lVweI ivc bhwdrI dy jOhr idKw ky ShIdI jwm pIqw sI[ jIqw isMG dy sB qoN v`fy byty ihMmq isMG ny isr& iek idn pihlW 13 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn iesy jgHw ’qy keI hmlwvr muZl ispwhIAW ƒ mwr ky Shwdq hwisl kIqI sI[

13 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd vloN auksw ky ilAWdI hmlwvr muZl &Oj dy muKI nwisr ^wn Aqy rusqm ^wn dy mwry jwx mgroN Agly idn Ajmyr cMd ny iPr Awp hmlw kr id`qw[ ies lVweI ivc BweI suKIAw dy poqirAW qy BweI rwmw dy pu`qrW, bjr isMG, jIqw isMG qy nyqw isMG ny mUhry ho ky ih`sw ilAw[ aunHW dIAW qlvwrW ny bhuq swry muZl ispwhIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw[ jIqw isMG dy nwl aunHW dy do hor byty mohr isMG qy syvw isMG vI moFy nwl moFw fwh ky lVy[ ies lVweI ivc jIq isMGw, aus dw Brw nyqw isMG qy jIqw isMG dy dovyN byty mohr isMG qy syvw isMG vI ShId ho gey sn[

jIqw isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI mohrW vwlI” ivc ieM\ imldw hY:“jIqw isMG nyqw isMG byty rwmyN ky, poqy suKy ky, aUdwny, bMs aUdy kw…swl sqrW sY sqvMjw, kiqk pRivSty qyrW, idn somvwr, inrmohgVH, ky mlhwn, pRgnw kihlUr, rn myN swmyN mwQy jUJ kr mry[” (vhI mohrW vwlI, Kwqw audwinAW kw)[ ienHW ShIdIAW dw izkr B`t vhI isrsmW, prgnw Qwnysr dy s&w 89 ’qy vI imldw hY[ isr& eynw hI nhIN jIqw isMG dw pirvwr ies qoN mgroN vI pMQ dI syvw ivc v`D cVH ky ih`sw pwauNdw irhw sI[jIqw isMG dy iqMn byitAW pRsMn isMG, AnUp isMG qy ikhr isMG (qy iek pVpoqy BweI cMnx isMG) ƒ julweI 1711 ivc igR&qwr kr ky iqMn mhIny bMdIKwny ivc r`K ky bVy qsIhy id`qy gey sn[ jdoN ienHW cOhW qy hor 36 isMGW ny Drm nw C`ifAw qW ienHW swirAW ƒ ipMf Awlovwl (nyVy lwhOr) ivc ijaUNdy zmIn ivc g`f ky mwr id`qw igAw sI.

jIq isMG

AMimRqsr ngrI swrI hI is`KW dI mlkIAq sI Aqy Sihr dI cuMgI vI is`K hI vsUl kirAw krdy sn[ sMn 1709 ivc cUhV m`l nW dy iek mIxy ny AMimRqsr dy ielwky dy kuJ SihqUqW dy dr`^q vFvw ley pr jdoN is`KW ny aunHW dI kImq Adw krn vwsqy AwiKAw qW aus ny dyxoN nWh kIqI ijs qoN JgVw v`D igAw[ is`KW ny aunHW qoN qUqW dI KwrI Koh leI[ ies mgroN cUhV m`l lwhOr drbwr ivc pu`jw Aqy nwieb nwzm Aslm ^wn ƒ is`KW dy i^lw& BVkwieAw[ Aslm ^wn ny aus ƒ p`tI dy cODrI hr shwie kol Byj id`qw[ hr shwie ny 6 ApRYl 1709 dy idn &Oj lY ky AMimRqsr ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ aus vyly AMimRqsr ivc kuJ ku is`K Ajy vI hwizr sn[ is`KW ny BweI mnI isMG Aqy BweI qwrw isMG f`l-vW dI AgvweI ivc hmlwvr &OjW dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw[ BweI qwrw isMG iek qkVw jvwn sI [ aus dI ikrpwn ny cODrI hr shwie dw isr lwh id`qw[ &Oj dw muKI mrn ’qy p`tI dIAW &OjW ihrn ho geIAW[ mYdwn is`KW dy h`Q ivc irhw[hr shwie dI mOq mgroN lwhOr dy nwieb sUbydwr Aslm ^wn ny nOSihrw pMnUAW dy cODrI dovy nUM POj dy ky AMimRqsr hmlw krn vwsqy toirAw[ cODrI dyvw BwVy dy ispwhI lY ky 12 ApYRl 1709 dy idn AMimRqsr v`l cl ipAw[ AMimRqsr dI jUh dy bwhr is`KW Aqy dyvy dy bMidAW ivc gih-g`c lVweI hoeI pr isMGW dy roh A`gy ieh BwVy dy bMdy nw Tihr sky qy CyqI hI mYdwn C`f ky B`j gey[ ies hmly ivc CbIl isMG pu`qr morwrI qy poqw BUrw shsIAwxw Awpxy do byitAW gurmuK isMG Aqy jIq isMG sxy ShId hoieAw sI.

jIq m`l

BweI jIq m`l BweI swDU dw pu`qr qy BweI Drmw Koslw dw poqw sI[ aus dI mwqw bIbI vIro gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI bytI sI[jIq m`l ny BMgwxI dI lVweI ivc (18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn) ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ jIq m`l gurU swihb kol c`k nwnkI ivc vI rihMdw irhw sI Aqy jdoN ApRYl 1685 ivc gurU jI ny pwauNtw vswieAw qW ieh vI gurU jI dy nwl irhw sI[ jdoN 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn gVHvwl dy rwjy &qih Swh ny gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw Aqy BMgwxI ivc gihg`c lVweI hoeI qW ies mOky ’qy jIq m`l ny bhwdrI dy ^Ub jOhr idKwey[ A^Ir Awpxy jOhr idKwauNdw hoieAw jIq m`l Awp vI ShId ho igAw[ ies sbMDI “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc ies qrHW izkr kIqw imldw hY:“aUdIAw bytw Kymy cMdnIey kw…rmwnWgurU kI bUAw ky byty, sMgoSwh,jIq m`l,byty  swDU  ky,  poqy  Drmy  Kosly  KqrI  kygYl,  rn  BUmI  myN Awey[  swlsqrW  sY pYNqwlIs Asuj pRivSty ATwrW BMgwnI ky mlHwn jmnw igrI ky miDAwn, rwj nwhn, eyk GrI idhuM Kly jUJMqy sUirEN gYl swmyN mwQy jUJ kr mrw gYloN hTIcMd bytw mweIdws kw… jlHwnW blauNq mwrw igAw[”(B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw rmwnoN kw).

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jIq m`l

BweI jIq m`l BweI swDU dw pu`qr qy BweI Drmw Koslw dw poqw sI[ aus dI mwqw bIbI vIro gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI bytI sI[jIq m`l ny BMgwxI dI lVweI ivc (18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn) ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[

jIq m`l gurU swihb kol c`k nwnkI ivc vI rihMdw irhw sI Aqy jdoN ApRYl 1685 ivc gurU jI ny pwauNtw vswieAw qW ieh vI gurU jI dy nwl irhw sI[ jdoN 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn gVHvwl dy rwjy &qih Swh ny gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw Aqy BMgwxI ivc gihg`c lVweI hoeI qW ies mOky ’qy jIq m`l ny bhwdrI dy ^Ub jOhr idKwey[ A^Ir Awpxy jOhr idKwauNdw hoieAw jIq m`l Awp vI ShId ho igAw[ ies sbMDI “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc ies qrHW izkr kIqw imldwhY:“aUdIAw bytw Kymy cMdnIey kw…rmwnWgurU kI bUAw ky byty, sMgoSwh, jIq m`l,byty  swDU  ky,  poqy  Drmy  Kosly  KqrI  kygYl,  rn  BUmI  myN  Awey[  swl  sqrW  sY pYNqwlIs Asuj pRivSty ATwrW BMgwnI ky mlHwn jmnw igrI ky miDAwn, rwj nwhn, eyk GrI idhuM Kly jUJMqy sUirEN gYl swmyN mwQy jUJ kr mrw gYloN hTIcMd bytw mweIdws kw… jlHwnW blauNq mwrw igAw[”(B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw rmwnoN kw).

jvMd isMG (nwnkwxw)

BweI jvMd isMG (22.9.1877 – 20.21921), pu`qr BweI Awlw isMG, dw jnm ipMf inzwmpurw (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ BwvyN auh AnpVH sI, pr aus nUM gurbwxI dw bhuq igAwn sI[ aus bhuq imhnqI ikswn sI[ gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dOrwn jdoN BweI lCmx isMG ny nwnkwxw swihb nUM Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy jQw iljwx dw &Yslw kIqw qW auh vI ies ivc Swiml ho igAw[ ieh j`Qw jdoN 20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn nwnkxw qW mhMq nrYxU dy BwVy dy guMifAW ny jvMd isMG smyq ies jQy ivc Swiml hr iek is`K nUM kql kr id`qw.

jvMd isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

BweI jvMd isMG (1891 – 17.7.1917), pu`qr BweI nwrwiex isMG dw jnm ipMf nMgl klW (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ solHW swl dI aumr ivc auh knyfw clw igAw sI[ jdoN Zdr pwrtI bxI qW auh ies dw srgrm mYNbr bx igAw[1914 ivc Zdr pwrtI dy ijhVy kwrkuMn AMgryzW dy i^lw& hiQAwrbMd AYkSn krn vwsqy pMjwb nUM gey qW auh vI aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ aus ny bhuq swrIAW kwrvweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ auh v`lw pul dy fwky (11 jUn 1915) ivc vI Swiml sI (ieh fwky srkwrI ^zwnw Aqy hiQAwr lu`tx vwsqy mwry gey sn)[ ies fwky ivc aunHW ny do pulIs vwilAW nUM mwr ky s`q bMdUkW Aqy 400 kwrqUs Kohy sn[ jd pulIs nUM aus bwry pqw l`gw qW auh rUpoS ho igAw[ auh dovwr pulIs dy h`Q AwauNdw bicAw: iek vwr lwhOr ivc Aqy dUjI vwr ibAws pul ’qy[ ibAws ivc aus ny iqMn pulsIAW nUM kql kr ky AwpxI jwn bxweI sI[ A^Ir iek swQI v`loN Zdwr krn kr ky auh kwlyvwl (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc PiVAw igAw[ jdoN aus nUM Adwlq ivc pyS kIqw igAw qW aus ny AwpxIAW swrIAW kwrvweIAW nUM kbUl kr ilAw[ j`j ny aus nUM &WsI dI szw suxweI[ aus nUM lwhOr jyl ivc &WsI ’qy cVHw id`qw igAw (dyS Bgq Xwdgwr hwl jlMDr ivc l`gI aus dI qsvIr ivc ivc aus dI &WsI dI qwrI^ 10 jUn 1917 ilKI hoeI hY).

jvwlw isMG T`TIAW

BweI jvwlw isMG (1866 – 9.5.1938) dw jnm BweI GneIAw isMG dy Gr pihlW pnwmw, iPr mYksIko Aqy iPr 1908 ivc swn &rWissko (AmrIkw) clw igAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny bwbw ivswKw isMG nwl iml ky kYlI&ornIAw dy ngr sYkrwmYNto dy nyVy hOltsivl ivc 500 eykV dw &wrm ilAw qy KyqI SurU kr id`qI[ aus ny bhuq imhnq kr ky bhuq pYs kmwieAw[ aunHW dw &wrm pMjwbIAW (^ws kr ky is`KW) dy iek`TW dw muK kyNdr bx igAw[ CyqI hI aunHW ny stwktn ivc iek gurduAwrw vI kwiem kr ilAw; ies gurduAwry ivc gRMQI dI syvw auh ^ud inBwauNdw huMdw sI[ 1912 ivc aunHW ny BwrqIAW ividAwrQIAW vwsqy cwr vzI&y dyx dw AYlwn kIqw[ ies AYlwn hyT bhuq swrIAW dr^wsqW AweIAW; pr, aunHW ivc iek vI pMjwbI nhIN sI[ iesy swl auh ieMfIAn AYsosIeySn kYlI&ornIAw dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ bwbw jvwlw isMG Aqy bwbw ivswKw isMG ny Awpxy holtsivl &wrm (nyVy sYkrwmYNt) ivc vI iek gurduAwrw kwiem kr ilAw[ ies gurduAwry ivc 14 jnvrI 1913 dy idn gurU goibMd isMG jI dy jnm idn sbMDI hoey smwgm ivc bhuq v`fI igxqI ivc is`KW ny hwzrI BrI[ ies smwgm ivc hwzrIn ny Awpxy vqn nUM AMgryzW qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`dojihd krn dw mqw pws kIqw[ ies mgroN 31 dsMbr 1913 dy idn Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI[ 1914 ivc jdoN kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz vYnkUvr pu`jw qW aus dy muswi&rW dI mdd vwsqy bxweI geI kmytI ivc bwbw jvwlw isMG nUM vI mYNbr vjoN Swiml kIqw igAw sI[ jdoN knyfIAn pulIs ny kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz nUM Gyrw pw ilAw qW A`DI rwq vyly muswi&rW nUM Kwxw phuMcwaux dI muihMm ivc jvwlw isMG vI Swiml sI[ jdoN Zdr pwrtI ny AMgryzW dy i^lw& hiQAwrbMd Gol krn dw &Yslw kiqw qW auh 29 Agsq 1914 dy idn pMjwb nUM c`l ipAw[ aus dw jhwz 29 AkqUbr dy idn kolkwqw pu`jw ij`Qy aus jhwz ivc svwr swry is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ aus ’qy bZwvq dw muk`dmw clwieAw igAw Aqy AMgryz j`j ny aus nUM aumr kYd dI szw id`qI[ aus vyly jvwlw isMG ny j`j nUM ikhw ik mYnUM aumr kYd nhIN &WsI dI szw idE[ bwbw jvwlw isMG ny 18 swl qoN vD kYd imMtgumrI jyl ivc k`tI; auh 1933 ivc irhw hoieAw[ irhw ho ky aus ny ikswnW dy h`k ivc lihr clwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ 1937 ivc aus nUM iPr igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy iek swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI[ meI 1938 ivc auh ikswnW vwsqy kIqI jwx vwlI srb ihMd ikswn kwn&rMs ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy pMjwb qoN bMgwl jw irhw sI qW rsqy ivc iek sVk hwdsy ivc aus dI mOq ho geI.