Archives: Sikhs Biographies Punjabi

pMj mukqy

AnMdpur swihb ivc ‘sIs-Byt kOqk’ mgroN jdoN gurU swihb isr Byt krn vwly pMjW is`KW (BweI dieAw rwm, BweI muhkm cMd, BweI swihb cMd, BweI Drm cMd, BweI ihMmq cMd) nUM lY ky dIvwn ivc phuMcy qW aunHW nUM au~Qy pMj hor is`K KVHy nzr Awey[ gurU jI ny aunHW nUM pu`iCAw ik qusIN ikauN KVHy ho? aunHW jvwb id`qw AsIN vI isr hwizr krny hn[ gurU jI ny ikhw ‘mYnUM isr& pMj isr hI cwhIdy sn; ikauNik qusIN isr hwzr krny cwhy hn, qusIN vI mukq ho gey ho, qusIN qvwrI^ ivc ‘pMj mukqy’ AKvwEgy[ pMj ipAwirAW nUM ‘KMfy dI pwhul’ dyx dI rsm pUrI hox mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny BweI dieAw isMG, muhkm isMG, swihb isMG, Drm isMG, ihMmq isMG (pMj ipAwirAW) nUM KMfy dI pwhul iqAwr krn Aqy ienHW pMj mukiqAW: dyvw rwm, rwm cMd, tihl dws, eISr dws, qy &qih cMd ƒ pwhul dyx vwsqy ikhw sI qy aunHW nUM ‘isMG’ nW bKSy sn qy auh dyvw isMG, rwm isMG, tihl isMG, eISr isMG, qy &qih isMG bx gey sn[ ieh pMjy mukqy 7 dsMbr 1705 dI Swm nUM cmkOr dI gVHI ivc muZl &OjW nwl lVdy ShId hoey sn.

ipRQvI rwj kpUr

ipRQvI rwj kpUr (3.11.1906 – 29.5.1971) dw jnm bSySvr nwQ kpUr dy Gr, ksbw smuMdrI (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw ipqw iek puls A&sr sI Aqy dwdw kySv m`l qihsIldwr sI[ skUl ivc auh AkwlI AwgU mwstr qwrw isMG dw ividAwrQI irhw sI (mwstr qwrw isMG nwl aus dw eynw ipAw sI ik mwstr jI jd vI bMbeI jWdw sI qW aus dy Gr ivc hI TihirAw krdw sI)[ aus ny skUl dI pVHweI krn mgroN Kwlsw kwlj lwielpur ivc dw^lw ilAw sI; mgroN auh AYfvrfIz kwlj ipSwvr ivc vI piVHAw sI[

sMn 1921 ivc 15 swl dI aumr ivc aus dI SwdI rwm srnU mihrw nwl ho geI sI[ sMn 1924 iSRStI nwQ (rwj kpUr) pYdw hoieAw sI; iPr SmSr rwj (SMmI kpUr), blbIr rwj (SSI kpUr) qy aurimlw bytI pYdw hoey sn[

ipRQvI rwj ny ipSwvr pVHidAW hI QIeytr ivc hox vwly frwimAW ivc ih`sw lYxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ sMn 1928 ivc (22 swl dI aumr ivc) auh bMbeI ivc isnymy dI dunIAW ivc clw igAw sI[ aus dI pihlI i&lm sMn 1928 ivc ‘byDwrI qlvwr’ sI[ ies mgroN aus ny keI hor i&lmW kIqIAW sn, pr aus nUM v`fw rol i&lm Awlm Awrw (sMn 1931) ivc hI imilAw sI[ ies mgroN aus ny sohrwb modI dI i&lm iskMdr (sMn 1941) ivc Awpxy rol kwrn Aqy sMn 1942 ivc AiBgXwn SkuMqlm iPlm ivc bhuq Suhrq K`tI sI[ sMn 1944 ivc aus ny Awpxw QIeytr grup ‘ipRQvI QIeyrtrz’ dy nW hyT kwiem kr ilAw sI[ aus ny lweIv QIeytr ivc styj ’qy 2662 vwr pySkwrI kIqI sI ijs ivcoN iek`ly ‘pTwx’ ivc aus ny styj ’qy krIb 600 vwr pySkwrI kIqI sI[

aus dIAW XwdgwrI i&lmW ivc j`gw fwkU, muZly Awzm, iskMdry Awzm hirScMdr qwrwmqI, rusqm sohrwb, jhW Awrw, Zzl, izMdgI, ^wkwn, fwkU mMgl isMG, lwl bMglw, qIn bhurwxIAW, hIr rWJw, kl Awj AOr kl (sMn 1971) vI Swiml hn[ kl Awj AOr kl aus dI Aw^rI i&lm sI[ aus ny pMjwbI i&lmW ‘nwnk nwm jhwz hY’ (sMn 1969), ‘nwnk duKIAw sB sMswr’ (sMn 1970), ‘myly im`qrW dy’ (1972, jo aus dI mOq mgroN rlIz hoeI sI) ivc vI rol kIqw sI[

ipRQvI rwj kpUr nUM keI AYvwrf vI imly sn: sMn 1954 ivc sMgIq nwtk AkwdmI AYvwrf, 1969 ivc pdm BUSn, sMn 1972 ivc dwdw swihb Pwlky AYvwrf (mOq mgroN)[ auh 8 swl rwj sBw dw nwmzd mYNbr vI irhw sI.

ipRQvI rwj jvwnI ivc

ipRQvI rwj ‘muZly Awzm’ ivc

ipRQvI rwj ‘nwnk nwm jhwz’ ivc

ipRQvI rwj Awpxy iqMnW pu`qrW nwl

Bwrq srkwr v`loN 2013 ivc ipRQvI rwj kpUr dI Xwd ivc jwrI kIqI fwk itkt

ipRQIpwl isMG

BweI ipRQIpwl isMG (? 2.4.1923), pu`qr sUbydwr inhwl isMG, c`k 52, p`CmI pMjwb dy ipMf mu`lWpur (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh iek lMmw au~cw qy ^UbsUrq nOjvwn sI[ ies dy nwl-nwl auh Dwrimk ibrqI dy suBwau vwlw vI sI[ jdoN AkwlI dl kwiem hoieAw qW aus nUM lwielpur izlHy dw jQydwr bxwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1922 ivc jdoN gurU-dw-bwZ (Gu`kyvwlI) dw morcw l`gw qW AMgRyz srkwr ndy A&sr bIytI dI AgvweI hyT ies morcy ivc jwx vwly is`KW nUM fWgw soitAW Awid nwl ku`txw-mwrnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ jQy ivc jwx vwly hr iek is`K nUM audoN qk ku`itAw jWdw sI jdoN qk auh byhoS nhIN ho jWdw sI[ 5 sqMbr dy j`Qy dI AgvweI ipRQIpwl isMG kr irhw sI[ jd ieh j`Qw mu`lWpur pu`jw sI qW pulIs ny aunHW ’qy lwTIAW dw mINh vrHw id`qw sI[ ies nwl swry is`K byhoS ho gey sn[ ipRQIpwl isMG burI qrHw z^mI hox dy bwvjUd dobwrw au~iTAw sI qW aus nUM vKrw kr ilAw igAw sI[ aus nUM keI pulsIey ie`kTy mwrn lg pey sn[ auh ArD byhoS ho igAw, pr kuJ icr mgroN zrw ku hoS AweI qW auh iPr au~iTAw sI ies vwr iPr keI pulsIAW ny aus ’qy fWgW clweIAW sn[ ipRQIpwl isMG ny s`q vwr au~Tx dI koiSS kIqI sI qy aus nUM vwr-vwr ku`itAw igAw sI[ A^Ir jd auh ADmoieAw ijhw ho igAw qW pulsIAW ny aus nUM GsIt ky ieh toey ivc su`t id`qw sI[ is`K aus nUM AYNbUlYNs ivc pw ky drbwr swihb lY gey sn ij`Qy auh z^mW dI qwb nw J`kdw hoieAw qkrIbn s`q mhIny mgroN cVHweI kr igAw sI.

ShId ipRQIpwl isMG

ipRQI cMd mIxw

ipRQI cMd (1548-8.4.1619) gurU rwmdws jI dw sB qoN v`fw pu`qr sI[ gurU rwmdws jI aus dy qOr-qrIikAW nUM psMd nhIN krdy sn[ pihlI sqMbr 1581 dy idn gurU rwm dws swihb joqI-joiq smw gey sn qy gurg`dI dI syvw gurU Arjn swihb nUM sONp gey sn[ gurU Arjn swihb nUM gurg`dI sMBwlx mgroN bhuq swry msilAW nwl do-cwr hoxw ipAw sI[ sB qoN v`fw mslw sI Awpxy v`fy Brw ipRQI cMd dIAW swizSW dw mukwblw krnw[ gurU Arjn swihb nUM gurg`dI sONpy jwx ‟qy ipRQI cMd bhuq hI AOKw sI[ Gr ivc v`fw hox kwrn, gurU rwmdws swihb dy huMidAW hI aus ny swry pwsIN bhuq swry is`KW nwl bVy sbMD bxwey hoey sn[ auh Awpxy Awp hI lMgr dw ieMcwrj bixAw hoieAw sI[ gurU rwm dws swihb dy joqI-joiq smwaux mgroN gurU Arjn swihb nUM gurU drbwr dI swrI syvw vI iek`ilAW krnI pY rhI sI ikauN ik BweI gurdws Drm pRcwr vwsqy Awgrw igAw hoieAw sI qy bwbw bu`Fw vI aunHIN idnIN gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) ivc nhIN sI[ ies hwlq ivc ipRQI cMd ny swizS rc ky gurU dw lMgr dI swrI rsd bwhro-bwhr Awp kbzy ivc lYxI SurU kr idqI sI[ ieM\ hI aus ny lMgr dI mwieAw vI sMBwlxI SurU kr idqI sI[ lMgr ikauN ik sMgqW dIAW Bytw nwl hI cldw sI, ies kr ky lMgr dI hwlq hOlI-hOlI kmzor hox lg peI sI[ gurU Arjn sihb nUM vI ies dw pqw lg igAw sI, pr ies dy bwvjUd aunHW cup hI DwrI r`KI sI[ Cy ku mhIny mgroN jd BweI gurdws vwips gurU-dw-c`k muV AwieAw qW aus nUM pUrI hwlq dw pqw ligAw[ aus ny bwbw bu`Fw, BweI swhlo, BweI pYVw, BweI jyTw Aqy hor sMjIdw is`KW nUM gurU-dw-c`k bulw ByijAw[ aunHW ny iek`T kr ky PYslw kIqw ik sMgqW nUM ipRQI cMd dIAW krqUqW bwry jwxkwrI idqI jwvy[ bwbw bu`Fw, BweI gurdws qy coxvyN is`K v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc gey qy aunHW ny sMgqW nUM ipRQI cMd dI swizS bwry ^brdwr kIqw[ ies dy nwl hI aunHW ny iml ky gurU-dw-c`k nUM Awaux vwly rsiqAW ‟qy muKI is`KW nUM ibTw idqw qW jo ipRQI cMd qy aus dy swQI is`K sMgqW nUM DoKw nw dy skx[ ies nwl gurU drbwr Aqy gurU dy lMgr dw kMm Pyr vDIAw ho igAw sI[ hux ipRQI cMd ny muZl hwkmW dy AihlkwrW nUM BVkw ky qy bRwhmxW nUM v`FI dy ky gurU sihb Aqy is`KW dy i^lw& JUTIAW A&vwhW qy iSkwieqW krnIAW SurU kr idqIAW sn qW jo gurU swihb nUM muSiklW ivc pwieAw jw sky[

iek khwxI muqæwibkæ ipRQI cMd qy iek muZl jrnYl sulhI ^wn ivc kuJ nyVqw sI[ ies khwxI muqæwibkæ ipRQI cMd v`loN kMn Brn Aqy irSvq imlx mgroN auh gurU-dw-c`k ‟qy hmlw krn vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw sI[ pr, ies qoN pihlW ik auh gurU-dw-c`k phuMcdw rsqy ivc hI GoVy dy bykwbU hox ‟qy iek bldy B`Ty ivc ifg ky ijaUNdw sV ky mr igAw[ ipRQI cMd Ajy vI nhIN tilAw sI[ aus ny ies mgroN aus ny sulhI ^wn dy BqIjy sulBI ^wn nUM nwl gMiFAw sI[ies khwxI muqæwibkæ sulBI ^wn dI mOq gurU-dw-c`k vl &Oj lY ky AwauNidAW, Awpxy hI iek ispwhI nwl JgVw hox kwrn, rwh ivc hI ho geI sI[ ieho ijhIAW hor khwxIAW muqæwibkæ ipRQI cMd ny ies dy bwvjUd vI AwpxIAW hrkqW nhIN C`fIAW sn qy bhuq dyr qk swizSW krdw irhw sI[ iek khwxI muqæwibkæ aus ny 1585 ivc Akbr dy iek vzIr mhyS cMdr B`t nwl vI gMF-sMF kIqI sI[ (mhyS cMdr B`t nUM „bIrbl‟ dy nW nwl vI Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ ieh bIrbl auhI sI ijhVw Akbr dI rwjpUq bIvI, jo joDpur dy ihMdU-rwjpUq rwjy dI DI sI, nwl „dwj‟ ivc AwieAw sI)[ ipRQI cMd ny aus rwhIN vI gurU Arjn swihb nUM muSikl ivc pwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI[ aunHIN idnIN Akbr ny bIrbl nUM id`lI qoN srh`dI sUby dI muihMm ‟qy Byj idqw[ srh`dI sUby ivc pTwxW ny bZwvq kIqI hoeI sI[ ies khwxI muqæwibkæ id`lI qoN kUc krn qoN pihlW bIrbl ny Akbr qoN ieh prvwnw lY ilAw sI ik auh rsqy ivc swry KqrIAW qoN tYks vsUl kr skygw, ijs nwl aus dI muihMm dw ^rcw inkl Aweygw[ ipRQI cMd dI swizS sdkw, jd auh goieMdvwl dy p`qx qoN lMG irhw sI qW aus ny Awpxy eylcI gurU Arjn swihb v`l Byjy sn qy gurU swihb nUM vI tYks dyx vwsqy ikhw[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM jvwb idqw ik is`K ihMdU nhIN hn qy nw hI is`KW ivc zwq-pwq huMdI hY, ies kr ky KqrIAW vwlw tYks is`KW ‟qy lwgU nhIN huMdw[ ienHW eylcIAW ny bIrbl nUM gurU swihb dy jvwb bwry disAw qW aus ny Amwnq ^wn dI srW qoN Awpxy eylcI dobwrw Byj ky gurU swihb nUM DmkI idqI ik jW qW tYks idE jW mYN vwpsI ‟qy hmlw kr idAWgw[ pr bIrbl pTwxW nwl lVweI ivc &rvrI 1586 ivc mwirAw igAw sI[ ieM\ ipRQI cMd dI ieh swizS vI nwkwm rhI[

ies qoN kuJ icr mgroN hI Akbr ny ZYr-muslmwnW nwl sulh-kul pwilsI vrqxI SurU kr idqI qy iek nvW AkIdw (Drm) “dIn-ie-ielwhI” vI SurU kIqw ijs nwl ZYr-muslmwnW nUM kuJ rwhq mihsUs hoeI[ ies nwl ipRQI cMd dIAW swizSW vI iek vwr qW ruk geIAW sn qy auh Awpxy shuirAW dy ipMf hyhr (izlHw lwhOr) clw igAw sI, ij`Qy sMn 1619 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI sI[ aus dI mOq mgroN mwqm-pursI krn vwsqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivcoN irhw hox mgroN, 26 dsMbr 1620 dy idn hyhr ipNMf gey sn[ ipRQI cMd dw iek pu`qr imhrbwn sI. hor vyKo: imhrbwn, mIxw.

pRIqm isMG gojrW

jQydwr pRIqm isMG gojrW (1896-1976), pu`qr ikSn isMG, dw jnm ipMf gojrW (qihsIl mUxk, izlHw sMgrUr) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw bcpn dw nW dlIp isMG sI Aqy KMfy dI pwhul lYx mgroN aus dw nW pRIqm isMG r`iKAw igAw sI[ auh Ajy in`kw hI sI ik aus dy ipqw dI mOq ho geI sI[ ies mgroN aus dI mwqw dw ivAwh pitAwlw irAwsq dy iek ispwhI nwl kr id`qw igAw sI[ 19 swl dI aumr ivc auh AMgRyzI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ aus nUM sueyz nihr ’qy qweInwq kIqw igAw sI[ sMn 1920 ivc aus ny &Oj dI nOkrI C`f id`qI sI[ nwnkwxw swihb dy swky (20 &rvrI 1921) qoN mgroN auh gurduAwrw suDwr lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI jYqo morcw dOrwn sMn 1923 ivc hoeI sI[ iek swl dI kYd mgroN aus nUM iek AkwlI kwn&rMs ivc ih`sw lYx dy doS ivc igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI Aqy Cy mhIny vwsqy jyl Byj id`qw igAw sI[ mhwrwjw pitAwlw dy hukm ’qy aus dI kYd Cy mhIny vDw id`qI geI sI[ sMn 1926 ivc aus ny pitAwlw dy rwjy BUipMdr isMG dy i^lw& Aqy syvw isMG TIkrIvwlw dy h`k c`lI lihr ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ ies doS ivc aus nUM iPr iek swl vwsqy jyl Byj id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1928 ivc prjw mMfl dI kwiemI hoeI sI[ aus ny ies lihr ivc vI ih`sw pwieAw sI[ ies lihr dOrwn sMn 1933 ivc aus nUM Cy mhIny vwsqy kYd kr id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1935 ivc aus ny mwstr qwrw isMG-BUipMdrw isMG smJOqy dw ivroD kIqw sI[ sMn 1943 ivc aus ny mwstr qwrw isMG nwl dobwrw dosqI kr leI sI[ sMn 1952 ivc aus ny pYpsU AsYNblI dI cox lVI sI, pr ij`q nhIN sI sikAw[ sMn 1954 ivc auh AYm.AYl.ey. bx igAw sI[ pRIqm isMG gojrW Awzwd ‘is`K styt’ (Kwilsqwn) dw k`tV ihmwieqI sI[ 12 jUn 1958 dy idn gurcrn isMG ZrIb ny gurduAwrw sYNtrl twaUn jlMDr ivc ‘is`K styt kwn&rMs’ kIqI sI ijs dI pRDwngI aus ny kIqI sI[ sMn 1965 ivc aus ny mwstr qwrw isMG Aqy &qh isMG DiVAW ivc smJOqw krvwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI sI, pr kwmXwb nhIN sI ho sikAw[ ies mgroN aus ny isAwsq C`f id`qI sI Aqy Awpxw Aw^rI smW gumnwm rih ky ipMf ivc hI ibqwieAw sI.

jQydwr pRIqm isMG gojrW

pRIqm isMG igAwnI

igAwnI pRIqm isMG (18.11.1910-12.3.1942), pu`qr meIAw isMG iF`loN Aqy &qh kOr, dw jnm ipMf nwgoky srlI (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) ivc hoieAw sI[ bcpn qoN hI pRIqm isMG Dwrimk ibrqI vwlw sI[ dsvIN jmwq pws krn mgroN aus dy ipqw ny aus nUM AYgrIklcr kwlj lwielpur ivc dwi^l krvw id`qw sI, pr aus dw iDAwn pVHweI qoN vDyry Dwrimk Aqy isAwsI kwrvweIAW vl sI[ sMn 1930 ivc jdoN AMgRyzI &Oj ny ipSwvr ivc pTwxW ’qy golIAW clw ky bhuq swry pTwx mwr id`qy qW mwstr qwrw isMG aunHW nwl hmdrdI vwsqy iek jQw lY ky AMimRqsr qoN ipSwvr nUM c`l ipAw[ pRIqm isMG vI ies jQy ivc Swiml sI[ aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky fyF swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI sI[ irhw hox mgroN auh kSmIr igAw sI Aqy ihMdU musilm &swd hox qoN rokx ivc mdd kIqI sI[ sMn 1933 ivc auh QweIlYNf clw igAw Aqy bMkwk ivc gurduAwry ivc syvw krn lg ipAw sI[ ie`Qy aus dw myl AMgRyz srkwr dy bwZI rwjw mihMdr pRqwp isMh nwl hoieAw sI Aqy ies ny aus nUM is`K Drm ivc Swiml kIqw sI (auNj rwjy ny kdy is`K Drm dI bMidS nhIN inBweI sI)[ jdoN rwjw mihMdr pRqwp isMh ny 9 dsMbr 1941 dy idn ‘lIg Aw& ieMfIAw’ nW dI jQybMdI bxweI sI qW auh ies ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ jnvrI 1942 dy SurU ivc jpwnI &Oj ny AMgRyzW qoN bhuq swrw ielwkw Koh ilAw sI[ jpwnI &Oj ny pRIqm isMG nUM aus ielwky ivc lokW nUM jpwnIAW dy h`k ivc Aqy AMgRyzW dy i^lw& jQybMd krn dI izMmydwrI sONpI sI[ pRIqm isMG ny bhuq swrIAW QWvW ’qy jw ky lokW nUM AMgRyzW dy i^lw& jdojihd ivc Swiml hox vwsqy iqAwr kIqw sI[ aus dIAW koiSSW sdkw hI Awzwd ihMd &Oj bxI sI[ Awzwd ihMd &Oj dw Asl bwnI auhI sI[ jnrl mohx isMG nUM ies &Oj dw kmWfr bxwieAw igAw sI[ mgroN suBwS cMdr bos ny Aw ky ies dI kmwn sMBwl leI sI[ 24 mwrc 1942 dy idn igAwnI pRIqm isMG iek jhwz ivc svwr ho ky tokIE qoN isMGwpur jw irhw sI ik ieh jhwz hwdsy dw iSkwr ho igAw ijs nwl pRIqm isMG sxy swry svwrW dI mOq ho geI sI[ jpwn dy bwdSwh ny pRIqm isMG nUM bhuq in`Gy l&zW nwl SrDWjlI Byt kIqI sI[

igAwnI pRIqm isMG SwdI-Sudw sI; ies dy Gr iek pu`qr (ipRQIpwl isMG) Aqy iek DI (gurSrn kOr) ny jnm ilAw sI[ ies dI pqnI krqwr kOr dI mOq sMn 1938 ivc ho cukI sI (qsvIr vwsqy DMnvwd: gurcrn isMG kulIm).

igAwnI pRIqm isMG pqnI bytI qy byty nwl

pRIqm dws audwsI

pRIqm dws audwsI (sMn 1752-1831) dw jnm hoiSAwrpur ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh in`kI aumr ivc hI sMgq dws dw cylw bx igAw sI[ mgroN ieh swD bnKMfI dw cylw bx igAw sI[ Drm pRcwr krdw ieh d`Kx v`l vI igAw sI[ hYdrwbwd ivc dIvwn cMdU lwl dw cwcw nwnk cMd ies dw SrwDwlU bx igAw sI[ aus ny ies nUM coKI rkm id`qI sI ijhVI ies ny Alwhwbwd (pRXwg) ivc ilAw ky Awpxy ByK vwilAW nUM sONp id`qI sI, ijs nwl sMn 1779 ivc Alwhwbd vwlw pMcwieqI fyrw kwiem hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN sMn 1781 ivc ieh gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) Aw igAw sI[ ie`Qy ies ny bRhm bUtw AKwVw dy sMqoK dws audwsI nwl iml ky rwvI dirAw qoN hMslI (CotI nihr) ilAw ky AMimRqsr (drbwr swihb dy srovr) ivc pwaux dw ieMqzwm kIqw sI (ieh hMslI sMn 1781 Aqy 1784 dy ivckwr bxI sI)[ drbwr swihb dy nwl dw ‘sMgl vwlw AKwVw’ ies dw fyrw sI[ mgroN ies fyry ivcoN gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS htw ky imQhwsk dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW r`K id`qIAW geIAW sn.

pRymw, BweI

1. iek khwxI muqæwibkæ ieh izlHw lwhOr dy KweI ipMf dw rihx vwlw iek KqrI sI[ ieh koVHI ho igAw sI, pr gurU Amr dws dI dI imhr nwl Arog ho igAw sI[ gurU jI ny ies dw nW murwrI r`iKAw sI[ gurU jI dy kihx ’qy SIhW au~pl nW dy iek is`K ny AwpxI bytI m`Qo dI SwdI ies nwl kr id`qI sI[ ies khwxI muqæwibkæ mQo qy murwrI dI joVI ny is`KI pRcwr ivc bhuq ih`sw pwieAw sI[ ies nUM ieiqhws dI QW khwxI ies kr ky ikhw hY ikauN ik jy is`K qvwrI^ ivc ienHW dw eynw Aihm ih`sw sI qW BweI gurdws SIhW au~pl dy nwl-nwl ienHW dw izkr zrUr krdw

2. iek hor khwxI muqæwibkæ iek BweI pRymw goieMdvwl dy nyVy (goieMdvwwl qoN qkrIbn 8 iklomItr dUr) qlvMfI ipMf rihx vwlw sI[ khwxI muqæwibkæ ieh hr roz gurU Amr dws swihb dy lMgr vwsqy dhIN dw ku`jw iljwieAw krdw sI[ ieh lMgVw sI; iek idn auh gurU jI v`l jw irhw sI qW ipMf dy cODrI ny aus dI bYswKI Koh leI Aqy ikhw ik jy qyrw gurU eynw hI mhwn hY qW aus ny qyrw lMgVwpn dUr ikauN nhIN sI kIqw[ ies ’qy pRymy ny ikhw ik myrw gurU ieh krn dy smrQ hY, pr mYN r`b dw Bwxw mMnx ivc XkIn rKdw hW[ ies ’qy cODrI ny aus dI bYswKI vwips kr id`qI sI[ aus idn auh dyr nwl goieMdvwl pu`jw sI[ gurU jI ny aus qoN dyr nwl Awaux dw kwrn pu`iCAw[ pihlW qW aus ny twlx dI koiSS kIqI pr gurU jI dy zor pwaux ’qy s`c ds hI id`qw[ mihmw prkwS dy lyKk srUp dws B`lw ny gurU Amrdws jI dI byAdbI krn vwsqy ie`Qy iek nvIN g`p drj kr id`qI sI ik gurU jI ny aus nM iek muslmwn PkIr kol ByijAw sI ijs ny ies dy lMgVwpn nUM TIk kr id`qw sI[ ieh g`l is`KI isDWqW dy ault hY ikauNik is`KI iksy jwdUeI qæwkæq nwl lMgVwpn dw ielwj krn nUM kbUl nhIN krdI[ ies g`p dw iek hor ArQ ieh vI hY ik auuh muslmwn PkIr gurU jI qoN vD irDIAW isDIAW Aqy rUhwnI qæwkæq dw mwlk sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik srUp dws B`lw ny muslmwnW hwkmW nUM ^uS krn vwsqy ieh g`p ilKI hovygI[ srUp dws B`lw ny hI gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm idn k`qk dI pUrnmwSI dI QW ivswK vwlw pRcwr kIqw sI[ ijhVw Awpxy v`fy-vfyry gurU Amr dws jI bwry ieh g`p ilK skdw hY aus koloN gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm idn Zlq krn vwsqy k`qk dI QW ivswK krnw mwmUlI g`l sI

3. izlHw luiDAwxw dy ipMf sDwr dw iek is`K ijs dy vwirsW dw dwAvw hY ik gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny aus nUM Awpxw joVw b^iSAw sI (ies dw Asl nW Swied jvMdw sI Aqy pRymI is`K hox kr ky aus nUM pRymw s`ddy sn)[ aus dy vwirsW ny iek joVw sMBwl ky r`iKAw hY ijs nUM auh gurU jI dw joV dsdy hn:

gurU hirgoibMd jI pRymy nUM Awpxw joVw b^Sdy hoey

pRymw (lwhOr)

pRymw jMmU dy hwkm gulwb isMh fogrw dw iek mulwzm sI; mgroN auh lwhOr drbwr ivc mulwzmq krn lg ipAw sI[ aus ny lwl isMG AwdlqI nwl iml ky lwhOr ivc ibRitS rYzifYNt hYnrI lwrMs Aqy qyj rwm imSr (rwjw qyjw isMG), ijs ny AMgRyzW nwl ^u&IAw sbMD bxw ky aunHW dw pMjwb ’qy kbzw krvwieAw sI, nUM kql krvwaux vwsqy Xojnw bxweI sI[ ieh kql 21 ApRYl 1847 dy idn lwhOr ivc SwlImwr bwZ ivc kIqw jwxw sI[ ies Xojnw nUM BweI mhwrwj isMG (qy Swied rwxI ijMdw dI vI) dI ASIrvwd hwisl sI[ rwz KulHx ’qy ies kys ivc pRymw, muxSI bUtw isMG (rwxI ijMdw dw pRweIvyt sYktrI) qy 9 hor jixAW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ cwr AMgryz A&srW (Adwlq ny nhIN) ny 18 nvMbr 1847 dy idn ienHW dI suxvweI kIqI sI[ BwvyN ies kys ivc koeI sbUq nhIN sI, pr ienHW swirAW nUM lMmIAW kYdW dI szw dy ky id`lI jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI.

pRym isMG murwlw

BweI pRym isMG (17.10.1882 – 2.6.1950), pu`qr vswvw isMG, dw jnm ipMf p`CmI pMjwb dy iek ipMf KoVI duMnw isMG (izlHw gujrwq) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh isr& 11 swl dw sI ik aus dI mwqw dI mOq ho geI sI[ aus dy ipqw ny dUjw ivAwh kr ilAw sI; aus dI mqryeI mW ny aus nwl cMgw slUk nhIN kIqw sI, ijs kr ky auh GroN inkl igAw sI Aqy murwlw ipMf ivc swD ibSn isMG fyry ’qy jw ky rihx lg ipAw sI[ sMn 1905 ivc ibSn isMG ny pRym isMG nUM fyry dw kwr mu^qwr bxw id`qw sI[ 28 jnvrI 1908 dy idn ibSn isMG dI mOq ho geI sI[ ies mgroN pRym isMG fyry dw muKI bx igAw sI[ aus vyly ies fyry ivc suMdr isMG iBMfrW Aqy swD Bwg isMG vI rih rhy sn[ ibSn isMG dI mOq ip`CoN ieh ie`QoN cly gey sn Aqy ienHW dohW ny Awpxy vKry j`Qy qy fyry bxw ley sn[ aus ny sMn 1921 ivc pRym isMG ny tWfw (izlHw gujrwq), sMn 1944 ivc bwbkvwl (izlHw Sy^Upurw), sMn 1945 kot duMnw isMG, sMn 1946 BtnUrw (izlHw jlMDr) ivc skUl KolHy sn[

sMn 1937 Aqy 1945 ivc pRym isMG pMjwb lYijslyitv kONsl (hux AsYNblI) dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1947 ivc pRym isMG bygovwl (izlHw kpUrQlw) Aw igAw sI[ bygovwl Aw jwx mgroN aus ny imAwxI, bygovl Aqy mukyrIAW ivc vI skUl KolHy sn[ aus dI mOq bygovwl ivc hoeI sI.

pRym isMG hoqI

BweI pRym isMG (2.11.1882 – 10.1.1954), pu`qr gMfw isMG B`lw, dw jnm hoqI mrdwn (^Ybr p^qUnvw, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ pRym isMG pVHweI krn mgroN hoqI ielwky dy hwkm sr bulMd ^wn dy d&qr ivc nOkrI krn lg ipAw sI (aus dw ipqw vI hoqI dy nvwb dw kwr mu^qwr irhw sI qy ipqw dI mOq ip`CoN ies nUM ieh nOkrI iml geI sI)[ pRym isMG nUM kQw krn dw bVw SOk sI Aqy Awpxy ipMf dy gurduAwry ivc auh sMn 1947 qIk kQw krdw irhw sI[ aus ny Awpxy ielwky ivc is`KI dw bhuq pRcwr vI kIqw sI[ aus nUM pVHn dw bhuq SOk sI; aus kol iek v`fI lwiebryrI vI sI ijs ivc fyF-do hzwr dy krIb ikqwbW sn (ijhVIAW aus ny pMjwb XUnIvristI cMfIgVH dI lwiebryrI nUM Byt kr id`qIAW sn)[ sMn 1908 ivc aus ny is`K qvwrI^ dy nwiekW bwry ikqwbW ilKxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ aus ny jIvn ibRqWq bwbw PUlw isMG AkwlI, jIvn ibRqWq mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG, jIvn ibRqWq kMvr nOinhwl isMG, jIvn ibRqWq hrI isMG nlvw, jIvn ibRqWq mhwrwjw Syr isMG, jIvn ibRqWq nvwb kpUr isMG, Kwlsw rwj dy ausreIey, Kwlsw rwj dy bdySI kirMMdy , pMjwb dw smwijk ieiqhws ikqwbW dI rcnw kIqI sI[ ieh ikqwbW S^sIAqW dI pRsMsw nwl BrIAW hoeIAW hn; ies kr ky ienHW ivc bhuq swrI kwlpink sm`grI BrI hoeI hY[ aus ny AwpxI aumr dy pihly 64 swl hoqI ivc ibqwey sn[ sMn 1947 ivc auh iSmlw qy sMn 1949 ivc auh pitAwlw Aw igAw sI[ sMn 1952 ivc BwSw ivBwg ny aus dIAW ilKqW kr ky aus dw aucycw snmwn kIqw sI.

pRym dws audwsI

BweI pRym dws audwsI JMg ielwky dy ipMf laU dw vwsI sI[ auh gurU goibMd isMG jI kol AnMdpur ivc hI irhw krdw sI[ iek idn gurU jI ny aus nUM ikhw ik qUM Awpxy ielwky ivc jw ky is`KI dw pRcwr kr[ aus ny gurU jI nUM ikhw ik ie`Qy quhwfy drSn hr roz ho jWdy hn au~Qy mYN iks dy drSn kirAw krWgw[ gurU jI ny ikhw qUM iksy is`K dy drSn kr ilAw krIN[ ies ’qy pRym dws ny ikh ik jy iksy idn koeI is`K nzr nw AwieAw qW myrw auh idn qW ^wlI jweygw[ gurU jI ny aus nUM ikhw ik qUM Awpxy h`Q nwl AwpxI dwVHI A`gy kr ky aus dy drSn kr ilAw krIN; dwVHI Akwl purK dI inSwnI hY, qYnUM Akwl purK dy drSn ho jwieAw krngy[ gurU jI ny mhW isMG bVI nUM bulw ky pRym dws dy nwl jwx vwsqy ikhw[ mhW isMG ny ikhw ik JMg dy ielwky ivc bwirS Gt huMdI hY, ies kr ky au~Qy Anwj Gt huMdw hY; ies kr ky lMgr c`lx ivc muSikl hovygI[ gurU jI ny aus nUM moT Aqy bwjry dy bIj id`qy qy ikhw ik jw ky ienHW nUM sOxI ivc bIj idE, Anwj dI koeI kmI nhIN AweygI[ ies mgroN auh dovyN JMg vwsqy rvwnw ho gey sn.

pRhlwd isMG qy rihqnwmw

ies nW dy iek S^s dw iliKAw iek rihqnwmw bhuq mShUr hY[ aus ny ies ilKq ivc dwAvw kIqw hY ik ies ivc ilKIAW g`lW aus nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI ny sMn 1708 ivc nMdyV ivc d`sIAW sn; pr idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik ies rihqnwmy ’qy qwrI^ 1752 ibkrmI (sMn 1695) ilKI hoeI hY, jd ik sMn 1695 ivc gurU jI AnMdpur ivc sn[ drAsl ieh rihqnwmw ATwrHvI sdI dy A^Ir dI rcnw hY[ ieh auh smW hY jdoN ptnw Aqy hor QWvW ’qy inrmilAW ny keI rihqnwmy qy bicqr nwtk (dsmgRMQ) vrgIAW ilKqW dI rcnw kIqI sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik pRhlwd isMG vI inrmlw toly nwl sbMDq sI.

prwgw, BweI

BweI prwgw (prwg dws) is`K qvwrI^ dy pihly pVwA dy ShIdW ivcoN iek sI[ auh ruhIlw (hux hirgoibMdpur) ivc, 3 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn, Bgvwn dws GyrV qy cMdU dy pu`qr krm cMd vloN ilAWdI &Oj nwl lVdw hoieAw ShId hoieAw sI[

prwg dws BweI gOqm dw pu`qr sI[ auh Bwrgv-bRwhmx pirvwr nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ BweI gOqm gurU nwnk swihb vyly is`K Drm ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb nwl ayus dw myl gurU swihb dI kSmIr dI PyrI vyly hoieAw sI[ gurU jI ny aus ƒ is`K Drm dy pRcwr vwsqy “mMjI” b^SI hoeI sI[ aus ny swry poTohwr ivc guris`KI dw bhuq pRcwr kIqw sI[ (aus dI Xwdgwr ipMf kirAwlw, izlHw ijhlm, pwiksqwn ivc bxI hoeI sI)[

jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny &Oj bxweI qW prwg dws Awpxy keI swQIAW sxy aus ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ jdoN gurU jI ny ies swrI &Oj ƒ pMj jrnYlW dI jQydwrI ivc jQybMd kIqw qW ienHW pMjW jrnYlW ivc prwg dws vI Swiml sI[ aus ny &OjIAW ƒ suc`jI isKlweI id`qI sI[ 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn jdoN Bgvwn dws GyrV qy krm cMd (pu`qr cMdU) ny ruhIlw ’qy hmlw kIqw sI qW aus ny A`gy v`D ky lVweI kIqI sI qy h`Qo-h`QI lVweI ivc hmlwvrW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy sn[ A^Ir keI swQI mrvw ky Aqy burI qrHW hwr Kw ky hmlwvr mYdwn C`f gey sn[ ies qoN Cy idn mgroN, 3 Akqbr 1621 dy idn, cMdU qy muZlW Aqy Bgvwn dws GyrV dI sWJI &Oj ny iek vwr iPr hmlw kr id`qw sI[ ies lVweI ivc vI prwg dws bVI bhwdrI nwl liVAw sI qy duSmxW ƒ pwr bulwauNdw hoieAw Awp vI mwirAw igAw sI[ prwg dws bwry “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc ieM\ izkr imldw hY:“nwnU bytw mUly kw, poqw rwau kw, pVpoqw cwhV kw, bMs bIJy kw, bMJrwauNq, swl solW sY AT`qRw, k`qk pRivSty qIj ky idhuM, gwm ruhIlw prgxw btwlw ky mlHwn, gurU kw bcn pwie rqnw bytw Bgvwny kw, krmw bytw cMdU kw, bwsI klwnOr ko mwr ky mrw[ gYloN mQrw, bytw iBKy kw, poqw reIey kw, pVpoqw nrsI kw, bMs BgIrQ kw, kOiSS goqR gOV bRwhmx, prwgw bytw goqm kw, Bwrgv goqR, iC`br bRwhmx, hor rx jUJMqy gurU ky joDy swmHy mwQy rx myN jUJ kr mry[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw bMJrwauNqo kw).

BweI prwg dws dy vwirsW ny vI gurU Gr dI bVI syvw kIqI sI[ aus dw pu`qr dvwrkw dws vI gurU drbwr dw ih`sw irhw sI[ aus dy iqMny pu`qr kbUlw, drgh m`l qy hIrw m`l (hIrw nMd) lgwqwr gurU drbwr ivc hwzr huMdy rihMdy sn[ ShId BweI mqI dws qy sqI dws hIrw m`l dy puqr, dvwrkw dws dy poqy Aqy prwg dws dy pVpoqy sn[ aus dw poqw (dIvwn) drgh m`l gurU hir rwie swihb qoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy vyly q`k gurU Gr dw dIvwn (vzIr) irhw sI. hor vyKo: sqI dws, drgh m`l, dvwrkw dws, mqI dws.

pUpW, mweI

mweI pUpW cmkOr dy nyVy ipMf ffyhrI dI rihx vwlI sI[ 7 dsMbr 1705 dI Swm nUM cmkOr dI gVHI nUM mlyrkotlw dIAW &OjW v`loN pwey Gyry dOrwn pwilq zorwvr isMG gVHI ivcoN inkl ky hmlwvr &OjW nwl liVAw sI; aus nUM bhuq P`t l`gy sn qy auh if`g ipAw sI[ aus vyly qk hnyrw pY cukw sI, ies kr ky hmlwvr &OjI aus nUM mirAw smJ ky C`f gey sn[ kuJ dyr bwAd auh au~Tx ivc kwmXwb ho igAw Aqy hOlI-hOlI cldw cupcwp au~QoN inkl igAw Aqy kotlw inhMg jw pu`jw[ au~Qy gursw isMG ghUxIAw Aqy b`gw isMG qrKwx ny aus dI mrhm p`tI kIqI sI[ ropV Qwxy dy ispwhIAW v`loN Cwpw mwry jwx dy fr kwrn auh aus nUM au~QoN ffyhrI ipMf ivc lY gey sn Aqy mweI pUpW dy Gr C`f Awey sn[ mweI pUpW ny aus dI bhuq syvw kIqI sI[ auh mwqw kol keI idn irhw sI; mwqw ny nO-br-nO krn mgroN hI aus nUM au~QoN jwx id`qw sI.

ipSOrw isMG, kMvr

kMvr ipSOrw isMG (1821-11.9.1845) rwxI dXw kOr dI ku`K qoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw pu`qr sI[ sMn 1843 ivc jdoN mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw kql hoieAw sI qW ies dw nW g`dI vwsqy nhIN sI ivcwirAw igAw[ sMn 1844 ivc auh Aqy aus dw Brw kSmIrw isMG nOrMgwbwd ivc bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy cly gey sn[ julweI ivc hIrw isMh fogry ny 7 meI 1844 dy idn 20 hzwr &Oj Aqy 50 qopW nwl ies fyry ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI ijs ivc bwbw bIr isMG, Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw, ipSOrw isMG dw Brw kSmIrw isMG mwry gey sn[ ieh bc ky inkl igAw sI Aqy ibAws dirAw pwr ky AMgRyzI ielwky ivc clw igAw sI Aqy lwhOr dI hkUmq hwisl mrn vwsqy AMgryzW qoN mdd mMgI sI; auh qW Awp fogirAW dy nwl imly hoey sn ies kr ky aunHW ny ies dI mdd krn qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ hIrw isMh fogry dy kql (21 dsMbr 1844) mgroN auh vwips muiVAw sI[ auh pihlI jnvrI 1845 dy idn drbwr ivc hwizr hoieAw sI[ bhuq swry drbwrI cwhuMdy sn ik bwlk dlIp isMG dI QW aus nUM mhwrwjw bxwieAw jwey[ rwxI ijMdW ny BweI gurb^s isMG (ijs kol auh rih irhw sI) rwhIN aus nUM aus dI jwgIr vDwaux dI pySkS kIqI sI[ ieM\ iqMn mhIny lMMG gey sn[ 15 meI 1845 dy idn rwxI ny Awpxy Brw jvwhr isMG nUM pRDwn mMqrI bxw id`qw sI[ ies dOrwn hI rwxI ny &Oj nUM Awpxy nwl rlw ilAw sI[ hux aus ny ipSOrw isMG nUM hukm id`qw ik auh AwpxI jwgIr ivc prq jwvy[ ies mgroN auh Atk clw igAw sI Aqy julweI 1845 ivc aus ny Atk dy iklHy ’qy kbzw kr ky Awpxy Awp nUM mhwrwjw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ ies ’qy mhwrwxI ijMdW dy Brw jvwhr isMG ny cqr isMG AtwrI Aqy &qh ^wn itvwxw dI AgvweI hyT &Oj nUM aus nUM igR&qwr krn vwsqy Byj id`qw sI[ 30 Agsq 1845 dy idn aus ny hiQAwr su`t id`qy sn[ aus nUM lwhOr ilAWdw jw irhw sI ik rwh ivc &qh ^wn itvwxw ny aus nUM &Oj qoN vKrw kr ky Atk iklHy ivc iljw ky aus dw glw Gu`t ky aus dw kql kr id`qw sI.

iprwxw/pIrwxw

BweI iprwxw gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly is`K Drm ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ iprwxw pihloN sKI srvr ƒ mMndw sI qy aus ny Awpxy Gr ivc srvr dw QW bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ BweI iprwxw qy BweI mM\ dovyN iek`Ty gurU Arjn swihb kol Awey sn qy is`K Drm ivc Swiml hox dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI sI[ gurU jI ny aunHW ƒ AwiKAw ik is`KI ’qy is`KI nhIN itk skdI, aunHW ƒ sKI srvr Aqy is`K pMQ ivcoN iek cuxnw pvygw[ so jy auh srvr qy AkIdw C`f dyxgy qW hI auh is`KI ivc Swiml ho skxgy[ is`KI ivc Swiml hox mgroN mM\ qy iprwxw ny is`K pMQ dI bVI syvw kIqI sI[

jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny &Oj bxweI qW iprwxw qy aunHW dy ielwky dy bhuq swry nOjvwn ies &Oj ivc Swiml houeAw sI[ gurU swihb ny &Oj ƒ pMj jrnYlW dI AgvweI ivc jQybMd kIqw sI[ aunHW ny pMjW ivcoN iek j`Qy dw jrnYl iprwxw ƒ vI bxwieAw sI[

jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr iklHy ivc nzrbMd rhy sn qW iprwxw swl ivc G`to-G`t do vwr gurU jI ƒ imlx vwsqy jWdw irhw sI[ gurU jI dI irhweI mgroN vI iprwxw hmySw gurU jI dy nwl hI irhw sI[ jdoN mwqw gMgw ny cVHweI kIqI qW aunHW dI ArQI ƒ moFw dyx vwly muKI is`KW ivcoN iprwxw vI iek sI[

13 ApRYl 1634 dy idn hoeI AMimRqsr dI lVweI ivc iprwxw ny bhuq swry muZl ispwhIAW ƒ AwpxI qlvwr dy Byt kIqw sI[ aus dy ijsm qy qlvwrW dy bhuq swry P`t l`gy hoey sn[ A^Ir duSmxW dy AwhU lwhuMdw hoieAw iprwxw Awp vI ShId ho igAw sI[ BweI gurdws ny aus dw izkr AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: mM\U pMnU prvwxu hY, pIrwxw gur Bwie clMdw (vwr 11, pauVI 23).

pIpw Bgq

Bgq pIpw rwijsQwn dI iek in`kI ijhI irAwsq ggrOn (JwlwvwV izlHw ivc kot ngr qoN 80 iklomItr dUr) dw rwjw sI[ auh cOhwn rwjpUq kOm nwl sbMD rKdw sI Aqy bwkI rwjpUqW vWg auh BvwnI (durgw) dw aupwSk sI[ aus dy jnm bwry koeI p`kw dsqwvyz qW nhIN imldw pr, iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ auh sMn 1425 ivc jMimAw sI Aqy sMn 1526 ivc (101 swl dI aumr Bog ky mirAw sI)[ iek hor irvwieq muqæwibkæ auh sMn 1400 ivc mirAw sI; ies ihswb nwl auh sMn 1300 dy krIb jMimAw hovygw[ iek ilKwrI ny aus dw nW rwjw pRqwp rwE iliKAw hY[

iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ auh iek vwr kwSI (vwrwxsI) igAw sI[ au~Qy auh Bgq rwmwnMd nUM imlx vwsqy aus dy fyry ’qy igAw, pr rwmnMd ny aus dI SwhI pOSwk vyK ky imlx qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ aus ny vwips AwpxI irAwsq ivc Aw ky sB kuJ iqAwg ky swDU vWg rihxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ jd rwmwnMd nUM aus dy ies kdm dw pqw l`gw qW auh Awp aus dy rwj ivc igAw sI[ rwjw pIpw ny aus dI pwlkI nUM moFw dy ky aus nUM Awpxy mihl ivc ilAWdw sI[ mgroN pIpw rwj C`f ky gujrwq ivc dvwrkw ngrI nUM clw igAw sI[ auh AwpxIAW 12 pqnIAW ivcoN isr& iek pqnI nUM nwl lY ky igAw sI qy aus dw nvW nW sIqw rK id`qw sI[ dvwrkw ivc aus ny jMgl ivc rihxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ hOlI-hOlI auh buq prsqI qoN inrgux BgqI dw aupwSk bx igAw sI[ ikauNik gurU nwnk swihb ausy kwl ivc auDr gey hoey sn, ies kr ky Aws kIqI jWdI hY ik Bgq pIpw gurU jI nUM imilAw sI[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ auh gurU jI nUM puSkr dy nyVy tofw ngr ivc imilAw sI[ Bgq pIpw dy ilKy Sbd gutky dy rUp ivc dvwrkw ivc aus dI Xwdgwr ivc pey hoey hn[

aus dw iek Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb ivc s&w 695 ’qy drj hY: kwXau dyvw kwieAau dyvl, kwieAau jMgm jwqI] kwieAau DUp dIp neIbydw, kwieAau pUjau pwqI]ñ] kwieAw bhu KMf Kojqy, nv iniD pweI] nw kCu Awiebo, nw kCu jwiebo, rwm kI duhweI]ñ] rhwau] jo bRhmMfy soeI ipMfy, jo KojY so pwvY] pIpw pRxvY prm qqu hY, siqguru hoie lKwvY].

ipAwrw isMG pdm

ipAwrw isMG pdm (28.12.1921- 1.5.2001), pu`qr gurnwm isMG, dw jnm izlHw luiDAwxw dy ipMf GuMgrwxy ivc hoieAw sI[ pdm ny pRBwkr Aqy igAwnI dy iemwiqhwn pws kr ky is`K imSnrI kwlj AMimRqsr ivc dw^lw lY ilAw sI[ pVHweI pUrI krn mgroN aus nUM iesy kwlj ivc nOkrI dy id`qI geI sI[ sMn 1948-49 ivc aus ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy mwisk mYZzIn ‘gurduAwrw Zzt’ dy AYfItr vjoN vI syvw inBweI sI[ sMn 1950 ivc auh BwSw ivBwg pitAwlw ivc nOkr ho igAw sI Aqy ies mgroN auh p`kw hI pitAwlw ivc rihx lg ipAw sI[ auh sMn 1965 qk BwSw ivBwg ivc nOkrI krdw irhw sI[ AkqUbr 1965 ivc aus pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw ivc gurU gRMQ swihb ifpwrrtmYNt ivc nOkrI iml geI sI ij`Qy auh sMn 1983 qk syvw inBwauNdw irhw sI[

ipAwrw isMG pdm ny drjnW ikqwbW ilKIAW sn, ijnHW ivcoN mK ieh hn: sMKyp is`K ieiqhws, pMjwbI bolI dw ieiqhws, gurmuKI ilpI dw ieiqhws, klwm BweI nMd lwl, pMjwbI swihq dI rUp ryKw, pMjwbI fwierYktrI, pMjwbI vwrW, pMjwbI bwrwmwhy, KlIl ijbrwn dy bcn iblws, gurU gRMQ ivcwr koS, gurU gRMQ sMkyq koS, imrzy dIAW s`dW, bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW dw, rihqnwmy, bcn sweIN lokW dy, gurU kIAW swKIAW (Asl lyKk igAwnI grjw isMG) Awid[ ipAwrw isMG pdm nUM sMn 1977 ivc BwSw ivBwg dw swihq SRomxI AYvwrf Aqy keI hor eInwm vI imly sn.

ipAwrw isMG inrCl

ipAwrw isMG inrCl (16.7.1916 – 7.7.1990), pu`qr BweI ^zwn isMG dw jnm ipMf quMg BweIky (izlHw gujrWvwlw) ivc hoieAw sI[ jdoN auh jvwn hoieAw qW aus ny ipqw ny aus nUM iemwrq swzI dw kMm is`Kx ’qy lw id`qw sI[ ipAwrw isMG nUM kivqw ilKx dw bhuq SOk sI; auh CotI aumr ivc hI kivqw ilKx lg ipAw sI[ auh kvI drbwrW ivc Aksr ih`sw ilAw krdw sI[ sMn 1935 ivc ShId gMj morcy ivc kivqw pVHn kr ky aus nUM jyl vI jwxw ipAw sI[ sMn 1942 ivc aus ny ‘Bwrq C`fo’ lihr dOrwn vI igR&qwrI id`qI sI[ sMn 1947 ivc auh AMimRqsr Aw igAw sI Aqy iek imsqrI vjoN kMm krdw irhw sI[ ie`Qy, sMn 1955 ivc aus ny ‘pMjwbI subw izMdwbwd’ morcy dOrwn iek kivqw pVHI sI[ aus nUM 29 jUn 1955 qoN 13 sqMbr 1955 qk jyl ivc r`iKAw igAw sI Aqy aus dI jwiedwd vI zbq kr leI geI sI[ sMn 1973 ivc aus ny krnwl morcy dOrwn vI igR&qwrI id`qI sI[ sMn 1983 ivc aus ny DrmXu`D morcy dOrwn vI igR&qwrI id`qI sI[ ipAwrw isMG inrCl kvI drbwrW dI Swn hoieAw krdw sI[ auh gurpurbW, AkwlI dl dy jlisAW, is`K stUfYNts &YfrySn dy smwgmW ivc kivqwvW piVHAw krdw sI[ aus dIAW kivqwvW bhuq swrIAW A^brW Aqy irswilAW ivc CpdIAW rihMdIAW sn[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, SRomxI AkwlI dl, buFw dl, is`K stUfYNt &YfrySn qy rwmgVHIAw &YfrySn ny aus dw ivSyS snmwn kIqw sI[ sMn 1990 ivc kuJ smW bImwr rihx mgroN aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI

ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI (15.7.1881– 18.11.1970), dw jnm ipMf lMgyrI (nyVy mwihlpur, izlHw hoiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ sMn 1906 ivc &Oj dI nOkrI C`f ky auh swn &rWissko (AmrIkw) clw igAw sI[ jdoN Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI sI qW auh ies dw srgrm mYNbr bx igAw sI[ jdoN auh hiQAwrbMd Gol ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy mulk priqAw qW aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky iqMn swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI sI, pr aus nUM do swl mgroN hI irhw kr id`qw igAw sI[ irhweI mgroN aus ny muV isAwsI srgrmIAW SurU kr id`qIAW qW aus nUM dobwrw igR&qwr kr k jyl Byj id`qw igAw sI[ auh sMn 1920 ivc irhw hox mgroN gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dw ih`sw bx igAw sI[ auh pihlI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI[ 13 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn jdoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr-kwnUMnI jmwq AYlwinAw igAw sI qW aus nUM vI pihly idn hI igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr iklHy ivc bMd kr id`qw igAw sI[ auh iqMn swl kYd ivc irhw sI[ sMn 1935 ivc jdoN AkwlI dl ivc Pu`t peI sI qW aus ny mwstr qwrw isMG dw swQ id`qw sI[ jdoN bwbw ivswKw isMG ddyhr ny dohW DiVAW ivc eykqw krweI Aqy SRomxI gurduAwrw prbMDk kmytI dIAW itktW vMfIAW qW aus nUM itkt nhIN id`qI geI sI[ ies mgroN vI auh pMQk isAwsq dw ih`sw bixAw irhw sI[ aus ny kdy vI iksy Ahudy dw lwlc nhIN r`iKAw sI; iesy kr ky swry AkwlI AwgU aus dI ie`zq krdy sn[ aus ny Awpxw Aw^rI smW Awpxy ipMf ivc hI ibqwieAw sI Aqy lMmI aumr BogI sI.

ipAwrw isMG lMgyrI

ipAwrw isMG dwqw

ipAwrw isMG dwqw (15.7.1910 – 15.1.2004), pu`qr BweI rwm isMG aubrw, dw jnm ipMf dwqw (izlHw rwvlipMfI) ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1938 ivc auh gurb^S isMG pRIqlVI dw swQI bx igAw sI[ aus nUM pRIqngr Sw`p lwhOr dw mYnyjr lw id`qw igAw sI[ audoN qoN hI auh A^bwr nvIsI nwl vI juV igAw sI[ sMn 1946 ivc aus ny lwhOr ivc ‘nYSnl buk Sw`p’ dy nW hyT Awpxw pblIkySn hwaUs KolH ilAw sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN aus ny id`lI nUM Awpxw Gr bx ilAw sI[ sMn 1950 ivc aus ny id`lI ivc ‘nYSnl buk Sw`p’ nUM iPr SurU kIqw sI[ ipAwrw isMG dwqw ny Awp vI 75 dy krIb ikqwbW dI rcnw kIqI sI[ aus ny sMn 1941 ivc hI ilKxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ aus dIAW muK ikqwbW hn: (pMjwbI): is`K ieiqhws dy ^UnI pqry, is`K ShId, sB qy v`fw siqgur, mhWblI, mhwrwjw dlIp isMG, bMdw isMG bhwdr, Bu`lIAW ivsrIAW XwdW; (AMgRyzI): d is`K AYNpwieAr, bMdw isMG bhwdr; (ihMdI): gurU nwnk swihb, gurU goibMd isMG[ ipAwrw isMG dwqw ny ‘nvW swihq’ Aqy ‘sPlqw’ irswly vI Cwpdw irhw sI[ ipAwrw isMG nUM aus dy jIvn ivc bhuq swry AYvwrf vI imly sn, ijnHW ivc BwSw ivBwg pitAwlw qy pMjwbI swihq AkYfmI id`lI dy AYvwrf vI Swiml sn.

PuMmx isMG (jYqo morcw)

1. BweI PuMmx isMG (sMn 1902-21.2.1924), pu`qr hmIr isMG, izlHw mogw dy ipMf vWdr dw rihx vwlw sI[ jdoN ‘jYqo morcw’ l`gw qW auh pihly ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml ho ky jYqo nUM igAw sI[ ieh j`Qw AMimRqsr qoN 9 &rvrI 1924 dy idn c`ilAw sI Aqy 21 &rvrI nUM brgwVI qoN nwBw irAwsq dI hdUd ivc phuMicAw sI[ jdoN j`Qw nwBw irAwsq dI h`d ivc dwi^l hoieAw qW brqwnvI &Oj ny ies j`Qy ’qy golIAW clwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW sn, ijs nwl drjnW is`K mwry gey sn Aqy bhuq swry hor z^mI ho gey sn[ mwry jwx vwilAW ivc ieh PuMmx isMG vI sI

2. BweI PuMmx isMG (sMn 1874- 21.2.1924), pu`qr vIr isMG, izlHw mogw dy ipMf smwlsr dw rihx vwlw sI[ jdoN ‘jYqo morcw’ l`gw qW auh pihly ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml ho ky jYqo nUM igAw sI[ ieh j`Qw AMimRqsr qoN 9 &rvrI 1924 dy idn c`ilAw sI Aqy 21 &rvrI nUM nwBw irAwsq dI hdUd ivc phuMicAw sI[ brqwnvI &Oj ny ies j`Qy ’qy golIAW clw ky drjnW is`K mwry gey sn Aqy bhuq swry hor z^mI ho gey sn[ mwry jwx vwilAW ivc ieh PuMmx isMG vI sI 3. BweI PuMmx isMG ipMf pUxk dw rihx vwlw sI[ jdoN ‘jYqo morcw’ l`gw qW auh qIjy ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml ho ky jYqo nUM igAw sI[ ieh j`Qw AMimRqsr qoN 3 mwrc 1924 dy idn c`ilAw sI Aqy 7 ApRYl nUM brgwVI qoN nwBw irAwsq dI hdUd ivc phuMicAw sI[ jdoN j`Qw nwBw irAwsq dI h`d ivc dwi^l hoieAw qW nwBw pulIs ny ienHW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc bMd kr id`qw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI Kurwk Aqy pulIs qs`ddd kwrn PuMmx isMG jyl ivc hI vCHweI kr igAw sI. hor vyKo: jYqo morcw.

PUlw isMG AkwlI

AkwlI PUlw isMG (1761-14.3.1823), pu`qr eISr isMG, dw jnm bWgr ielwky dy ipMf SIhW (hux SyrgVH, qihsIl pwqVW, izlHw pitAwlw), ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw ipqw kup rhIV dy G`lUGwry (5 &rvrI 1762 dy idn ShId ho igAw sI[ aus dw pwln poSx aus dy cwcw nrYx isMG (nYxw isMG) ny kIqw sI jo ShIdW imsl dw muKI sI[ AkwlI PUlw isMG sMn 1800 ivc gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) Aw igAw sI Aqy drbwr swihb dy muK rsqy ’qy Awpxw buMgw kwiem kIqw sI, ijs nUM ‘AkwlIAW dw buMgw’ qy ‘Akwl buMgw’ ikhw jWdw sI (mgroN iek swizS hyT ies nUM Akwl q^q ikhw jwx lg ipAw sI)[ ies kol sYNkVy inSMg (inhMg) is`K &OjI sn, ijnHW vwsqy ies ny iek CwvxI kwiem kIqI hoeI sI (jo A`j vI AMimRqsr ivc kwiem hY, BwvyN aus dw rkbw bhuq Gt igAw hY)[ AkwlI &Ulw isMG Aqy aus dw jQw drbwr swihb Aqy hor gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl vI kirAw krdw sI[ sMn 1809 ivc jdoN AMgryz A&sr mYtkw& Aqy hor AMgryz AMimRqsr Awey sn qW audoN aus nUM drbwr swihb dI mirAwdw dw pwln krvwaux vwsqy JgVw vI krnw ipAw sI[

ij`Qy vI koeI hMgwmI hwlq pYdw huMdI sI, AkwlI PUlw isMG au~Qy AwpxI &Oj lY ky phuMc jWdw sI[ aus ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dIAW keI v`fIAW muihMmW (ksUr, mulqwn, kSmIr, ipSwvr, bhwvlpur, isMD qy Atk qy keI hor) ivc vI ft ky ih`sw ilAw sI[ ienHW ivcoN rxjIq isMG ny mulqwn ’qy Cy vwr (sMn 1805, 1807, 1810, 1816 qy 1817 ivc) hmlw kIqw sI, A^Ir AkwlI PUlw isMG dI mdd nwl sMn 1818 ivc ij`q hwisl kIqI sI[ nuSihry qoN qkrIbn Cy iklomItr dUr luMfy dirAw kol gwzIAW nwl lVweI ivc AkwlI PUlw isMG dI mOq ho geI sI[ ieh S`k kIqw jWdw hY ik aus nUM golI mwrn vwly iDAwn isMG- gulwb isMG fogrw dy ispwhI sn[ PUlw isMG dI smwD luMfy dirAw kol A`j vI mOjUd hY[

AkwlI PUlw isMG mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG v`loN fogirAW nUM byieMqhw muqæwibkæ sONpx qoN bhuq AOKw sI[ ies qoN Zu`sy ivc Aw ky AkwlI PUlw isMG iek vwr sqMbr 1814 ivc AMimRqsr C`f ky AnMdpur jw bYTw sI[ ienHW idnW ivc hI jINd dw rwjw pRqwp isMG AMgryzW nwl JgVw hox mgroN AnMdpur Aw igAw sI Aqy AkwlI PUlw isMG kol ‘pnwh’ lY leI sI[ jd AMgryzW ny PUlw isMG nUM ikhw ik auh jINd dy rwjy nUM aunHW dy hvwly kr dyvy qW aus ny nWh kr id`qI sI[ ies ’qy AMgryzW ny pitAwlw, mlyrkotlw qy hor &OjW nUM AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy Byj id`qw sI[ pr jd is`K &OjW nUM pqw l`gw ik aunHW nUM AkwlI PUlw isMG dI igR&qwrI vwsqy AnMdpur ’qy hmlw krnw pYxw hY qW aunHW ny A`gy vDx qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ A^Ir AMgryzW ny swihb isMG bydI dy pu`qr ibkrm isMG qoN ivcolgI krvw ky smJOqw kr ilAw sI[ hux rxjIq isMG vI ny AkwlI PUlw isMG nUM vwips bulw ilAw sI[

AkwlI &Ulw isMG bwry iek kwlpink khwxI mShUr hY ik ik iek vwr aus ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM Awpxy buMgy dy bwhr KVHw kr ky muslwmn nwcI morW nwl SwdI krn dy jurm bdly korVy mwrn dI szw lweI sI, jo rxjIq isMG ny sr Jukw ky kbUl kr leI sI[ pr ieh khwxI kwlpink hY, AslIAq nhIN[ ieh khwxI iksy ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI inmrqw dw iezhwr krn vwsqy GVI sI[

ieM\ hI kuJ lokW ny kuJ icr qoN AkwlI &Ulw isMG nUM (AKOqI) Akwl q^q dw jQydwr vI ilKxw SurU kr id`qw hY; hwlWik Akwl q^q l&z AkwlI PUlW isMG dI moq qoN keI swl mgroN GiVAw Aqy prcwirAw igAw sI[Akwl q^q dy AKOqI-jQydwr dw Ahudw qW 12 AkqUbr 1920 GiVAw igAw sI qy ies dw mksd q^q dI iemwrq dI r`iKAw krnw Aqy pwT qy prSwd dI ifaUtI inBwauxw sI (vyKo: Akwl q^q).

AkwlI PUlw isMG dI irhwieS: buMgw AkwlIAW (hux AKOqI Akwl q^q)

AMimRqsr ivc AkwlIAW dI CwvxI

AkwlI PUlw isMG dI smwD (dirAw v`loN leI geI qsvIr)

AkwlI PUlw isMG dI smwD (nyiVEN) dirAw dy dUjy pwsy qoN leI geI qsvIr

PUl (bwbw PUl)

bwbw PUl (sMn 1627-1688), p`uqr bwbw rUp cMd bYrwV Aqy mwqw AMbI, dw jnm ipMf mihrwj ivc hoieAw sI (rUp cMd mohn dw pu`qr, p`Ko dw poqw, sqoh dw pVpoqw, mihrwj dw pV-pVpoqw sI; ijs dI Xwd ivc ipMf mihrwj (vyKo: mihrwj) bMinHAw igAw sI)[ pRclq kQw muqæwibkæ sMn 1634 dy dsMbr mhIny ivc jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb mwlvy ivc muZl &OjW dy hmly ip`CoN iek idn dIvwn lw ky bYTy sn qW kwlw brwV vI Awpxy dohW BqIijAW sMdlI Aqy PUl nwl gurU jI dy drSn krn AwieAw sI[ khwxI muqæwibkæ PUl Awpxw pyt vjwaux lg ipAw sI[ jd gurU jI ny aus qoN ies hrkq dw kwrn pu`iCAw qW BweI kwlw ny d`isAw ik ies dI mwqw guzr geI hY Aqy ieh Awpxw pyt vjw ky AwpxI rozI dy i&kr dw pRgtwvw kr irhw hY[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny ikhw (‘vr’ id`qw) ik smW Awaux ’qy ies dw ^wndwn rwj Bwg Bogygw Aqy l`KW dw pyt Brygw; Aqy ies dy GoVy sqluj qy jmnw ivcoN pwxI pIivAw krngy[ iPr sMn 1656 ivc jdoN gurU hir rwie swihb mwlvy dy dOry ’qy Awey qW ieh Awpxuy irSqydwrW Aqy swQIAW sxy gurU jI dy drSn krn AwieAw sI[ khwxI muqæwibkæ gurU hir rwie swihb ny vI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vwlw ‘vr’ duhrwieAw sI[ PUl dIAW do SwdIAW hoeIAW sn: bIbI bwlI nwl (ijs ny cwr b`icAW: iqlok isMG, rwm isMG, r`GU qy bIbI rwmI nUM jnm id`qw sI) Aqy bIbI r`jI nwl (ijs ny cMnU, JMfU qy q^q m`l nUM jnm id`qw sI)[

PUl ny sB qoN pihlW rwey b^iqAwr qoN kmrIvwlw Qyh dI lIz leI sI Aqy ie`Qy Awpxw invws bxwieAw sI[ kuJ icr mgroN aus ny Btnyr dy rwjpUq rwjy hXwq ^wn B`tI nUM mOjUdw mukqsr kol hrwieAw sI[ ies mgroN ies ny jgrwEN ’qy hmlw kIqw sI Aqy ie`QoN dy rwjy nUM kYd kr ilAw sI[ ies ’qy srhMd dy &Ojdwr ny PUl nUM srhMd bulwieAw sI Aqy kYd kr ilAw sI[ pRclq khwxI muqæwibkæ ies ny kYd ivc Awpxy Awp nUM byhoS ho ky mry hox dw nwtk kIqw sI qW ies dI ‘lwS’ nUM ies dy vwirsW dy hvwly kr id`qw igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh bhuq smW ijaUNdw irhw sI[

bwbw PUl dI mOq ipMf bhwdrpur ivc hoeI sI Aqy aus dw sskwr PUl ngr ivc kIqw igAw sI, ij`Qy aus dI smwD bxI hoeI hY[ bwbw PUl dy jnm Aqy mOq bwry hor qwrI^W vI imldIAW hn. hor vyKo: PUlkIAW imsl.

PUl Swh

BweI PUl Swh (14.2.1574-17.5.1663), pu`qr BweI jY dyv Aqy mweI suB`drw, dw jnm sRIngr (kSmIr) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw Brw BweI goibMd iek audwsI pRcwrk sI[ PUl Swh dy sbMD ivc Cpy iek mzmUn muqæwibkæ PUl Swh 20 mwrc 1604 dy idn gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) igAw sI Aqy gurU Arjn swihb dy drSn kIqy sn[ gurU jI dy drSn krn mgroN auh is`KI dw pRcwrk bx igAw sI[ 21 jnvrI 1637 dy idn auh (bwbw) gurid`qw nUM imilAw sI[ Agly 12 swl aus ny ipMf bhwdrgVH (izlHw hoiSAwrpur) ivc rih ky is`KI dw pRcwr kIqw sI.

PyrU, bwbw

gurU AMgd swihb dw ipqw bwbw PyrU , jo m`qy dI srW (nWgy dI srW), izlHw mukqsr dw rihx vwlw sI[ ies dw jnm ipMf mWgovwl (izlHw gujrwq, p`CmI pMjwb) ivc hoieAw sI[ m`qy dI srW kdy bhuq v`fw ipMf sI[ sMn 1519 ivc bwbr ny ies ’qy hmlw kr ky ies nUM qbwh kr id`qw sI, ijs kr ky ie`QoN dy bhuqy lok ies ipMf nUM C`f ky horW ipMfW ivc cly gey sn; aunHW ivco bwbw PyrU vI iek sI[ bwbw PyrU bwry vDyry jwxkwrI nhIN imldI; isr& eynw izkr imldw hY ik auh ielwky dy hwkm cODrI q^q m`l dw ^zwncI sI, pr mgroN aus ny nOkrI C`f id`qI sI[ aus dI mOq sMn 1526 ivc hoeI sI.

pRqwp isMG SMkr

pRqwp isMG izlHw jlMDr dy SMkr ipMf dw rihx vwlw sMjIdw AkwlI AwgU sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI Aqy jmWdwr (kimS`nf Aw&Isr) dy Ahudy qk pujw sI; ies kr ky aus nUM jmWdwr pRqwp isMG vI kih ky bulwauNdy sn[ &Oj dI nOkrI C`fx mgroN auh SRomxI AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ Awpxy suBwA kr ky auh AwgUAW Aqy vrkrW ivc hrmn ipAwrw ho igAw sI[ sMn 1923 ivc pMjwb kONsl dw mYNbr vI cuixAw igAw sI[ auh 18 jUn 1933 qoN 13 jUn 1936 qk SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pRDwn vI irhw sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN isAwsq ivc aus dI QW aus dy pu`qr svrn isMG ny lY leI sI, jo sMn 1977 qk kyNdr ivc vzIr irhw sI. vyKo: svrn isMG.

pRqwp isMG nwBw

rwjw pRqwp isMG (21.9.1919 – 22.7.1995) pu`qr mhwrwjw irpudmn isMG, poqw mhwrwjw hIrw isMG, dw jnm nwBw ivc hoieAw sI[ 9 julweI 1723 dy idn AMgryzW ny mhwrwjw irpudmn isMG nUM g`dI qoN lwh ky ies nUM q^q ’qy ibTw id`qw sI[ ikauNik ieh audoN isr& cwr swl dw sI, ies kr ky rwj dw pRbMD krn vwsqy iek ‘kONsl Aw& rIjYNsI’ bxw id`qI geI sI, ijs ny ies dy bwlZ hox qk rwj pRbMD sMBwlxw sI[ bwlZ hox qoN pihlW hI ies ny kys munvw id`qy sn ijs kr ky is`K ies nUM n&rq krn lg pey sn[ pihlW qW ies ny ies g`l dI prvwh nw kIqI pr mgroN kys k`txy bMd kr id`qy sn[ sMn 1943 ivc pRqwp isMG ny DOlpur rwjy dI DI aumw dyvI nwl SwdI kIqI sI[ ieh 5 meI 1948 qk rwj krdw irhw sI.

rwjw pRqwp isMG nwBw vwl k`tx qy r`Kx mgroN

pRqwp isMG (pMjw swihb)

pRqwp isMG (26.3.1889 – 30.10.1922), pu`qr BweI srUp isMG dw jnm ipMf AkwlgVH (izlHw gujrWvwlw) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy aus ny AiDAwpn dI syvw SurU kIqI sI[ mgroN auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI Aqy klrk vjoN nOkrI krdw irhw sI[ sMn 1918 ivc aus dI SwdI BweI kpUr isMG dI bytI bIbI hrnwm kOr nwl hoeI sI[ nwnkwxw swihb dy kqlyAwm (20 &rvrI 1921) qoN bwAd aus ny &Oj dI nOkrI C`f id`qI sI[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny aus nUM pMjw swihb gurduAwrw (hsn Abdwl) dw mYnyjr bxw id`qw sI[ Agsq 1922 ivc jdoN gurU dw bwZ dw morcw l`gw qW izAwdw igR&qwrIAW hox kwrn jylHW ivc jgh G`t geI sI[ ies kwrn kYdIAW ƒ dUjIAW jylHW ivc ByijAw jwxw SurU ho igAw[

Aijhw iek j`Qw 30 Akqubr 1922 dy idn g`fI rwhIN rwvlipµfI qoN Atk jylH ivc ByijAw igAw sI[ rsqy ivc pµjw swihb (hsn Abdwl) dw stySn pYNdw sI[ au~QoN dIAW sµgqW ny &Yslw kIqw sI ik g`fI ƒ stySn ’qy rok ky jQy ƒ lµgr pwxI Ckwaux dI syvw kIqI jwvy[ stySn mwstr ny sµgqW ƒ iejwzq dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ sµgqW ny vI &Yslw kr ilAw sI ik lµgr Ckwey ibnW g`fI nhIN lµGx id`qI jwvygI[ im`Qy idn 30 AkqUbr ƒ g`fI AweI[ sµgqW rylvy lweIn au~qy hI lyt geIAW sn[ ryl g`fI kuJ is`KW dy au~qoN dI lµG geI pr ruk geI sI[ ies mOky ’qy BweI prqwp isµG qy BweI krm isµG mwry gey sn[ ienHW qoN ielwvw keI hor is`KW dy Aµg k`ty gey sn.

pRqwp isMG kMvr

kMvr pRqwp isMG (sMn 1831 – 15.9.1843) mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw pu`qr Aqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw poqw sI[ aus dI mwqw pRym kOr BweI hrI isMG l`Dyvwlw (izlHw gujrWvwlw) dI DI sI[ 15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn jdoN AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny mhwrwjw Syr isMG nUM kql kIqw qW aus qoN mgroN lihxw isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny ies 12 swl dy b`cy nUM vI kql kr id`qw sI.

AYNQnI eItn v`loN bxweI pRqwp isMG dI pyNitMg

pRqwp isMG kYroN

pRqwp isMG (1.10.1901 – 6.2.1965), pu`qr BweI inhwl isMG, dw jnm ipMf kYroN (izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw ipqw iek mShUr Dwrimk AwgU sI, ijs ny Awpxy ipMf ivc b`cIAW vwsqy iek borifMg skUl SurU kIqw hoieAw sI[ skUl dI ividAw hwisl krn mgroN pRqwp isMG imSIgn XUnIvristI (AmrIkw) clw igAw sI, ij`QoN aus ny polItIkl swieMs ivc AYm.ey. dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI sI[ AmrIkw ivc jw ky aus ny vwl ktvw id`qy sn[ ividAw pRwpqI mgroN sMn 1929 ivc auh vqn muiVAw qW auh do mhIny AMimRqsr Sihr ivc iek Gr ivc irhw sI Aqy audoN qk Awpxy ipMf nw jw sikAw sI jd qk aus dy vwl v`fy nhIN ho gey sn[ Gr muVn mgroN aus ny AiDAwpn dw kwrj SurU kIqw sI[sMn 1931 ivc aus ny isvl nw&urmwnI lihr ivc ih`sw ilAw sI Aqy aus nUM igR&qwr vI kIqw igAw sI[ sMn 1935 ivc auh SRomxI AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ sMn 1936 ivc auh AMimRqsr hlky qoN SRomxI AkwlI dl dI itkt ‟qy pMjwb kONsl (audoN AsYNblI nUM kONsl kihMdy sn) dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI[ aus ny 5927 votW hwisl kr ky kWgrs dy aumIdvwr bwbw guridq isMG kwmgwtwmwrU (3690 votW) Aqy Kwlsw nYSnilst pwrtI dy hrid`q isMG iF`loN (3336 votW) nUM hrwieAw sI[ audoN AkwlI dl dy mYNbr kWgrs dy mYNbr vI bx skdy sn[ pRqwp isMG 6 meI 1939 dy idn pMjwb kWgrs kmytI dI vrikMg kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI (sMn 1941 qoN 1946 qk auh pMjwb kWgrs dw jnrl sk`qr irhw sI)[

sMn 1942 ivc „Bwrq C`fo‟ lihr dOrwn aus nUM drsn isMG PyrUmwn dy nwl igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ auh 15 Agsq 1942 qoN 24 julweI 1945 qk Swhpur jyl ivc irhw sI[ sMn 1946 jd kWstIcUAYNt AsYNblI vwsqy coxW hoeIAW sn qW auh kWgrs aumIdvwr vjoN cuixAw igAw sI[

15 Agsq 1947 qoN mgroN pMjwb ivc kWgrs dI srkwr bxI sI[ gopI cMd Bwrgo cI& minstr bixAw sI[ aus nUM ies srkwr ivc vzIr bxwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1949 qk auh vzIr irhw sI[ ies vyly pMjwb AsYNblI ivc 33 is`K AYm.AYl.ey sn[ies dOr ivc Gt igxqIAW dy h`kW vwsqy kw&I crcy huµdy rhy[ hW ie`ko hI g`l ienHW idnW ivc Aihm hoeI ik pµjwb AsYNblI dy 33 ivcoN 32 is`K mYNbrW ny (pRqwp isµG kYroN ƒ C`f ky) 15 nvµbr 1948 ƒ iek ^q ‟qy dsq^q kIqy sn Aqy is`KW dIAW 13 mµgW dw iek cwrtr AweInI AsYNblI (Constitution Assembly) ƒ pyS kIqw sI[ ies ivc mMg kIqI geI sI: 1. sUby dI vzwrq ivc is`KW dw 50% ih`sw hovy 2. sYNtr ivc is`KW dw 5% ih`sw hovy 3. sMn 1941 dI AbwdI dy AwDwr qy numwieµdgI imly 4. sYNtr ivc iek pUrw qy iek A`Dw is`K vzIr hovy 5. pMjwb dy gvrnr qy mu`K mµqrI ivcoN iek is`K zrUr hovy 6. guVgwEN qy lohwrU pµjwb ‟coN k`Fy jwx 7. sUby dIAW nOkrIAW ivc is`KW dw 40% ih`sw hovy[ pr, jy kr ieh mµgW nw mµnIAW jwx qW jlµDr, huiSAwrpur, AµimRqsr, luiDAwxw, &Irozpur qy Aµbwlw izilHAW dw nvW sUbw bxw id`qw jwvyy[ ies dw koeI hor nqIjw qW nhIN inkilAw sI, pr pRqwp isµG kYroN dw ieqbwr jvwhr lwl nihrU Aqy hor ihMdI AwgUAW ivc zrUr bx igAw sI[

ienHW idnW ivc hI mwstr qwrw isMG ny is`K h`kW vwsqy j`dojihd SurU kr id`qI hoeI sI[ mwstr qwrw isMG nUM bZwvq dy doS ivc igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI (pr, hweIkort ny FweI mhIny mgroN hI irhw kr id`qw sI)[ pRqwp isµG kYroN ny aunHW idnW ivc iek “Awl ieµfIAw kWgrs is`K knvYnSn” bulw leI sI[ AµimRqsr ivc 15 dsµbr 1950 dy idn hoey ies iek`T ivc srdUl isµG kvISr nUM ies dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw (iehI srdUl isMG kvISr 1920-25 ivc ikhw krdw sI ik is`KW nUM gWDI ‟qy ieqbwr nhIN krnw cwhIdw)[ ies iek`T ivc ies DVy dy surjIq isµG mjITw, zYl isµG, aUDm isMG nwgoky, drSn isMG PyrUmwn, srmuK isµG cmk, guridAwl isµG iFloN Aqy sohx isMG jlwlausmW Awid Swiml hoey sn[ ies kwn&rµs ivc AkwlI dl Aqy pµjwbI sUbyy dI mMg dw r`j ky ivroD kIqw igAw sI[ sMn 1952 ivc kYroN nUM iPr vzIr lY ilAw igAw sI[ 4 julweI 1955 dy idn BIm sYn s`cr cI& minstr dy hukmW hyT pulIs ny drbwr swihb ‟qy kbzw krn dI koiSS kIqI sI[ is`KW ivc ies dI BrpUr mu^wl&q hoeI sI[ ies smyN drSn isMG PyrUmwn, au~jl isMG qy pRqwp isMG kYroN ny s`cr v`loN drbwr swihb ivc pulIs Byjx dI f`t ky ihmwieq kIqI sI[ ies nwl nihrU Aqy hor kWgrsI AwgUAW ivc kYroN dI v&wdwrI dw XkIn kwiem ho igAw sI[ nqIjy vjoN s`cr nUM htw ky aus dI QW ‟qy kYroN nUM 21 jnvrI 1956 dy idn pMjwb dw cI& minstr bxw id`qw igAw sI[ meI 1960 qoN jnvrI 1961 qk pMjwb ivc pMjwbI sUbw morcw l`gw sI[ ies morcy ivc 57 hzwr qoN vD AkwlIAW ny igR&qwrI id`qI sI[ kYroN ny ies morcy ivc bhuq s^q stYNf ilAw sI, ijs kr ky nihrU dy mn ivc aus dw ieqbwr hor vD igAw sI[ pr ienHW idnW ivc hI aus dy ivroDIAW, ^ws kr ky cODrI dyvI lwl Aqy mwstr qwrw isMG ny aus dy i^lw& kurpSn Aqy Ahudy dI nwjwiez vrqoN dy doS lwky nvIN muihMm SurU kr leI hoeI sI[ AkqUbr 1963 ivc mwstr qwrww isMG qy dyvI lwl dI AgvweI hyT iek fYpUtySn rwStrpqI fw. rwDw ikRSnn nUM imilAw sI[ nqIjy vjo kYroN dy i^lw& „jsits dws kimSn‟ bxw id`qw igAw sI[ 27 meI 1964 dy idn jvwhr lwl nihrU dI mOq ho geI[ iesy smyN dws kimSn ny 11 jUn 1964 dy idn kYroN dy i^lw& irport dy id`qI sI[ kYroN nUM 14 jUn dy idn AsqI&w dyxw ipAw sI[ ies qoN pihlW ik kYroN isAwsq ivc muV QW bxw skdw, aus nUM pOxy A`T mhIny dy AMdr-AMdr hI 6 &rvrI 1965 dy idn id`lI qoN pMjwb prqdy nUM kwr rok ky rsoeI (izlHw sonIpq) kol golIAW mwr ky mwr id`qw igAw sI[ kYroN dy kql sbMDI su`cw isMG, bldyv isMG qy nwhr isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ky &WsI id`qI geI sI (dXw isMG BgOVw ho igAw sI; aus nUMM mgroN igR&qwr kr ky aumr kYd dI szw id`qI geI sI)[ pulIs v`loN ieh dwAvw kIqw igAw sI ik kYroN dw kql PgvwVw nyVy au~cw ipMf dy iek kql kys ivc kYroN v`loN do mujirmW (AjIq isMG Aqy aus dy ipqw bIr isMG) nUM &WsI idvwaux ivc mdd krn dw bdlw lYx vwsqy kIqw igAw sI (AjIq isMg ny Awpxy s`ky jIjy dw kqæl kIqw sI)[ pr, kYroN dy pirvwr dw doS hY ik ieh isAwsI kql sI Aqy ies ivc cODrI dyvI lwl dw h`Q sI[ kuJ lok ies kql ivc drbwrw isMG (mgroN cI& minstr) dw h`Q vI kihMdy rhy sn[ sMn 2005 ivc Bwrq srkwr ny pRqwp isMG kYroN dI Xwd ivc iek fwk itkt jwrI kIqI sI.

pRqwp isMG kYroN AmrIkw ivc vwl ktwaux mgroN

pRqwp isMG kYroN 1937

pRqwp isMG kYroN 1945

kYroN dI Xwd ivc jwrI kIqI fwk itkt

pRqwp isMG kYroN sbMDI BrpUr jwxkwrI vwlI 2020 ivc ilKI iek ikqwb

pRqwp isMG (jYqo)

1. BweI pRqwp isMG Sy^Upurw (izlHw Sy^Upurw) dw vwsI sI[ auh jYqo morcy dOrwn igR&qwrI dyx vwsqy qIjy ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw AMimRqsr qoN 3 mwrc 1924 dy idn cl ky 7 ApRYl 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI[ ie`Qy aunHW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qsIihAW kwrn jyl ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

2. BweI pRqwp isMG ipMf eISrky (izlHw Sy^Upurw) dw vwsI sI[ auh jYqo morcy dOrwn igR&qwrI dyx vwsqy ATvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw AMimRqsr qoN 22 meI 1924 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb qoN cl ky AMimRqsr pu`jw sI, Aqy AMimRqsr qoN 10 jUn 1924 dy idn cl ky 29 jUn 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI[ ie`Qy aunHW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qsIihAW kwrn jyl ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

pRsMn isMG

11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn lwhOr dy nyVy Awlovwl ipMf ivc ShId hox vwly DrmI isMGW ivc BweI pRsMn isMG rwTOr vI sI[ pRsMn isMG ShId AjIq isMG (jIqw isMG) dw pu`qr, qyZw dw poqrw Aqy ShId suKIAw mWfn dw pVpoqw sI[ (suKIAw mWfn BweI mnI isMG dw s`kw Pu`PV sI)[ pRsMn isMG dw ipqw AjIq isMG qy cwcw nyqw isMG ny 14 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShId hoey sn[ pRsMn isMG dw v`fw qwieAw bjr isMG (ijs ny gurU goibMd isMG jI ƒ hiQAwr clwaux dI isKlweI id`qI sI) cpV-icVI dI lVweI ivc 13 meI 1710 dy idn ShId hoieAw sI[ bjr isMG dI bytI bIbI iB`KW 6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn J`KIAW ipMf dI jUh ivc ShId ho cu`kI sI[ ieM\ hI pRsMn isMG dy v`fy Brw ihMmq isMG ny 13 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShId hoieAw sI[pRsMn isMG dy do Coty Brw mohr isMG qy syvw isMG 14 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShIdI pw cu`ky sn[ aus dw iek Cotw Brw mwn isMG 17 mwrc 1707 dy idn bGOr ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ ieM\ ies pirvwr ivcoN G`to-G`t 9 jxy sMn 1710 q`k ShId ho cu`ky sn[

10 dsMbr 1710 dy idn muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ny is`KW dy Awm kqlyAwm dw hukm jwrI kIqw sI[ ies hukm dI qwmIl vjoN kuJ muZl hwkm is`KW dw Kurw-Koj l`Bdy rihMdy sn[ AijhI hI iek muihMm ivc iek muZl A&sr ny mulqwn dy Awly-duAwly Cwpy mwr ky cwlHI dy krIb is`K igR&qwr kIqy sn[ ienHW ivc pRsMn isMG Aqy aus dy do Coty vIr AnUp isMG qy kyhr isMG vI sn[

ienHW swirAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ky muslmwn bxwaux dI koiSS hyT keI lwlc id`qy Aqy iPr qsIhy id`qy gey sn[ jdoN gurU dy Syr Drm C`fx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN hoey sn qW iqMn mhIny Gor qsIhy dyx mgroN aunHW ƒ lwhOr dy nyVy dy iek ipMf Awlovwl dy bwhr zmIn ivc ijaUNidAW d`b id`qw igAw sI[

pRsMn isMG SwdI-Sudw sI[ aus dy cwr byty sn: jyTw isMG, ikrpw isMG, AmIr isMG, qy bIbw isMG[ ienHW ivcoN AmIr isMG dy A`goN do byty sn: sMgq isMG qy gurid`q isMG[sMgq isMG dy cwr byty sn: GsItw isMG, jvwhr isMG, bUtw isMG qy mhW isMG[ sB qoN v`fy GsItw isMG dy Cy byty sn: n`Qw isMG, hwkm isMG, nYxw isMG, k`Qw isMG, idAwl isMG qy nwnk isMG[ ienHW ivcoN A`goN hor vI pIVHAW ho cu`kIAW hn[ ienHW pirvwrW ivcoN keI Gr ies vkq pitAwlw Sihr ivc rih rhy hn[ ieh lok sMn 1947 ivc p`CmI pMjwb qoN ie`Qy Aw vsy sn.

pwro julkw

f`lw vwsI BweI pwro gurU AMgd swihb qy gurU Amr dws swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ ieh gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy shurw BweI nrYx dws dy v`fy-vfyirAW ivcoN sI[ gurU Amr dws jI ny ies nUM syvw lweI sI ik ieh f`lw ipMf ivc swl ivc do vwr (pihlI mwGI qy pihlI ivswK dy idn) sMgqW dw iek`T kirAw kry[ ienHW iek`TW ivc swry ielwky dy lok Swiml hoieAw krdy sn[ BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus nuM ‘prm hMs’ dI pdvI nwl siqkwirAw sI: pwro julkw prm hMsu, pUrY siqgur ikrpw DwrI (vwr 11, pauVI 15).

prmw nMd kvI

prmw nMd knOj (izlHw au~qr prdyS) dw rihx vwlw sI[ aus dw jnm iek knOjIey kubj bRwhmx pirvwr ivc sMn 1493 ivc hoieAw sI Aqy aus dI mOq sMn 1584 ivc hoeI sI[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ auh bwrsI (izlHw Solwpur, mhWrwStr) dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh suAwmI vlB cwrX dy cylw bixAw sI[ aus ny vYSnv mq dw ^Ub prcwr kIqw sI[ auh kvI vI cMgw sI[ aus dw q^`ls (kwiv-Cwp) swrMg sI[ aus ny ik®Sn-aupmw dI bhuq swrI kivqw rcI sI[ auh ivSnU dy Avqwr ikRSn dw Bgq sI[ aus nUM AStCwp dy kvIAW ivc igixAw jWdw hY[ aus dw ricAw iek Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb ivc s&w 1252 ’qy drj hY: prmwnµd, swD sMgiq imil, kQw punIq n cwlI (1253).

pRkwS isMG bwdl

pRkwS isMG bwdl (8.12.1927 -) dw jnm rGurwj isMG dy Gr ipMf Abu Kurwnw (izlHw &rIdkot) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh iek Awm ikswn dw pu`qr hY[ A^Ir aus ny iK`c DUh ky AY&.sI. kwlj lwhOr qoN AYm ey. pws kr leI sI[ aus dw mn in`ky huMidAW qoN hI ikswnI ivc nhIN lgdw sI qy auh nOkrI krnw cwhuMdw sI[ Awrwm pRsq hox kr ky aus nUM &Oj ivc BrqI hoxw psMd nhIN sI; ies kr ky auh koeI sOKI nOkrI lBx lg ipAw sI[ aus dw mn qihsIldwr bxn nUM krdw sI[ aus dy bwp dw igAwnI krqwr isMG nwl myl jol sI; ies kr ky aus ny aus qk phuMc kIqI sI Aqy nOkrI ivc aus dI mdd mMgI sI[ igAwnI krqwr isMG ny aultw aus nUM isAwsq ivc vVn vwsqy iqAwr kr ilAw sI[ igAwnI krqwr isMG dy ASIrvwd nwl auh vIh swl dI aumr ivc bwdl ipMf dw srpMc cuixAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh lMbI blwk sMmqI dw mYNbr qy cyArmYn vI cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1956 ivc auh SRomxI AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ sMn 1957 ivc jdoN AkwlI dl Aqy kWgrs ny pMjwb ivc iml ky coxW lVIAW sn qW auh AYm.AYl.ey. cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1960 ivc pMjwbI sUby dI j`dojihd SurU ho geI sI[ 15 mwrc 1960 dy idn AkwlI dl ny Awpxy AYm.AYl.eyz nUM kWgrs pwrtI qoN nwqw qoV lYx vsqy hukm jwrI kIqw sI[ ies ‟qy Aml vjoN 22 ivcoN pMj AkwlI AYm.AYl.eyz (Awqmw isMG sulqwnpur, hrgurAnwd isMG bMgw, srUp isMG klHw, aUDm isMG BwrisMGpurw, mwstr pRqwp isMG) ny pMjwb AsYNblI ivc vKrw gru`p bxw ilAw sI; pRkwS isMG ienHW ivc Swiml nhIN sI[ kuJ h&iqAW mgroN Dµnw isµG gulSn, jugrwj isµG Aqy pRkwS isµG bwdl ny vI kWgrs qoN nwqw qoV ilAw sI Aqy AkwlI dl dy grup ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ meI 1960 ivc pMjwbI sUbw morcw l“gw qW pRkwS isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ky ihswr jyl ivc kYd kr id`qw igAw sI[ auh sMn 1961 ivc irhw hoieAw sI[

sMn 1962 qy 1967 dIAW coxW ivc auh iPr pMjwb AsYNblI vwsqy cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1967 ivc aus nUM vzIr vI bxw id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1969 ivc aus ny mukqsr ivc gurU nwnk iv`mn kwlj Aqy ig`Vbwhw ivc gurU goibMd isMG kwlj dI nINh r`KI sI[ jsits gurnwm isMG cI& minstr dI AkwlI dl dy pRDwn &qh isMG nwl ivgV jwx kr ky 27 mwrc 1970 dy idn pRkwS isMG nUM pMjwb dw cI& minstr bxw id`qw igAw sI[ kuJ mhIinAW mgroN hI aus ‟qy kurpSn dy doS lgxy SurU ho gey sn[ ies dy nwl hI kuJ AkwlI AYm.AYl.ey. vI aus qoN nwrwz cl rhy sn[ ies hwlq ivc 14 jUn 1971 dy idn aus nUM cI& minstrI C`fxI peI sI[

julweI 1975 ivc aus ny AMdrUnI AYmrjMsI dy i^lw& morcy ivc igR&qwrI id`qI sI qy auh jnvrI 1977 qk jyl ivc irhw sI[ sMn 1977 ivc auh AYm.pI. cuixAw igAw sI Aqy aus nuM sYNtr ivc zrwieq (AYgrIklcr, KyqI) mihkmy dw vzIr bxw id`qw igAw sI; pr auh pMjwb muVnw cwhuMdw sI[ jUn 1977 ivc pMjwb AsYNblI dIAW coxW hoeIAW qW auh AYm.AYl.ey. cuixAw igAw sI[ 20 jUn 1977 dy idn auh pMjwb dw cI& minstr cuixAw igAw sI[ auh 17 &rvrI 1980 qk cI& minstr irhw sI[ sMn 1982 ivc jdoN AkwlIAW ny „DrmXuD‟ dy nW hyT morcw lwieAw qW aus ny iek v`fy jQy dI AgvweI kridAW igR&qwrI id`qI sI[ sMn 1984 ivc drbwr swihb ‟qy hmly mgroN aus ny 8 jUn dy idn iek ibAwn jwrI kr ky &Oj Aqy pulIs ivc kMm kr rhy is`KW nUM srkwr qoN bZwvq krn vwsqy aukswieAw sI[ aus nUM 14 jUn dy idn igR&qwr kr ky m`DpRdyS ivc pMcmVHI gYst hwaUs ivc kYd kr id`qw igAw sI[ 11 mwrc 1985 dy idn aus nUM s`q hor sInIAr AkwlI AwgUAW nwl irhw kr id`qw igAw sI[ irhweI mgroN lONgovwl, tOhVw, qlvµfI, bwdl qy Awqmw isµG qy kuJ hor AkwlI AwgU igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw dy ipqw bwbw joigµdr isµG kol aus dy ipµf pu`jy sn Aqy AwpxIAW syvwvW aus ƒ pyS kr id`qIAW sn[ bwbw joigµdr isµG ny vI h`Q Awey mOky dw &wiedw auTwaux dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[ aus ny pihlI meI ƒ lONgovwl Aqy qlvµfI dy AkwlI dl qoV ky AkwlI dlW dI iek 9 mYNbrI AYZzYkitv bxwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ ies kmytI dw knvInr ismrnjIq isµG mwn ƒ bxwieAw igAw sI[ aus qoN ielwvw ies kmytI ivc bwdl, tOhVw, qlvµfI qy suKijMdr isµG vI Swiml kIqy gey[ ismrnjIq isµG mwn ikauNik jylH ivc sI, ies kr ky bwbw joigµdr isµG Awp ies sWJy AkwlI dl dw AYkitµg knvInr bx igAw sI[

auDr Arjn isµh nUM 12 mwrc 1985 dy idn pMjwb dw gvrnr bxw id`qw igAw sI[ aus ny mnjIq isMG Kihrw vkIl, ipRQIpwl isMG kpUr, pRo. Aqr isµG vZYrw dI mdd nwl AkwlIAW nwl rwbqw bxw ilAw hoieAw sI[ Arjn isMh ny AkwlIAW nUM slwhW dy ky aunHW nUM bwbw joigMdr isMG qoN htwaux vwsqy koiSSW SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ ies dy pihly pVwA vjoN lONgovwl DVy ny Awpxw „fYlIgyt iejlws‟ bulw ilAw sI[ 26 meI ƒ AkwlI dl dy vrkrW dy “iejlws v`loN AwKy jwx” dw bhwnw lw ky AkwlI dl kwiem r`Kx dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[ ieM\ 26 meI ƒ do AkwlI pwrtIAW kwiem ho geIAW: bwbw joigMdr isMG dw „sµXukq AkwlI dl‟ Aqy lONgovwl dw „SRomxI AkwlI dl (lONgovwl dl)‟[ mwn dy sµXukq AkwlI dl (ies nUM bwbw dl vI kihMdy sn) nwl lONgovwl DVy ivcoN Awqmw isµG, aujwgr isµG syKvW, pRkwS isµµG mjITw vZYrw hI rih gey sn qy bwkI swry AkwlI loNgovwl dy nwl vwips cly gey sn[

hux Arjn isMh gvrnr ny pRo. Aqr isMG qy ipRQIpwl isMG kpUr rwhIN hrcMd isMG lONgovwl nwl rwbqw bxwieAw sI[lONgovwl iek AnpVH pr clwk swD hox dy bwvjUd isAwsI byeImwnIAW qoN jwxUM nhIN sI ies kr ky auh CyqI hI Aqr isMG, ipRQIpwl kpUr, surjIq brnwlw, blvMq isMG vrgy lUMbV iksm dy AwgUAW dI cwl ivc Aw igAw sI[ lONgovwl ny qW hux tOhVw qy bwdl nwl vI g`lbwq krnI vI bµd kr id`qI sI[ A^Ir 23 julweI ƒ rwjIv qy lONgovwl ivc mulwkwqW krvw ky 24 julweI ƒ rwjIv-lONgovwl smJOqy dw AYlwn vI kr id`qw igAw[ ies smJOqy ƒ BwrqI pwrlImYNt ivc vI pws kr id`qw igAw[ ies DoKy dI nw qW prkwS isMG bwdl qy nw SRomxI kmytI pRDwn tOhVw nUM hI iBxk peI sI[ ienHW ny vI ies „smJOqy‟ nUM A^bwrW ivc hI piVAw sI[ ienHW ny hlkw ijhw ros zwihr qW kIqw sI pr iPr cup kr ky GrIN bYT gey sn[

ies mgroN 25 sqMbr 1985 dy idn pMjwb AsYNblI dIAW coxW krvweIAW geIAW sn[ coxW rwjIv gWDI dI kWgrs nwl ^u&IAw smJOqy vjoN lVIAW geIAW sn ijs nwl aus ny 117 ivcoN 74 sItW „ijq‟ leIAW sn[ surjIq brnwlw 29 sqMbr 1985 dy idn cI& minstr bixAw sI[ 29 ApRYl 1985 dy idn Kwilsqwn dI jlwvqn srkwr dw AYlwn hox mgroN Agly idn rwjIv gWDI dy hukm ‟qy surjIq brnwlw ny drbwr swihb ivc &Oj Byj id`qI geI sI[ ies ‟qy ros vjoN pRkwS isMG bwdl Aqy 26 hor AYm.AYl.ey. brnwlw dw swQ C`f gey sn[ ienHW nUM igR&qwr kr ky dUr durwfIAW jylW ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI ij`Qy auh iek swl kYd rhy sn[ rwjIv gWDI ny surjIq brnwlw nUM 11 jUn 1987 qk vriqAw Aqy pMjwb ivc ^Ub zulm krvwieAw qy ies mgroN surjIq brnwlw dI nwm inhwd srkwr vI qoV id`qI geI[ ies mgroN pulIs muKI rbYro kol pMjwb dI Asl qæwkæq Aw geI Aqy aus ny nOjvwnW dw kqlyAwm SurU kr id`qw[ auDr srkwr ny AwkwlIAW nwl Pyr glbwq SurU krn dw nwtk vI SurU kr id`qw sI[

12 dsµbr ƒ prkwS isµG bwdl ny ibAwn idqw ik “sYNtr is`KW ivc Awpxw guAwicAw vkwr qy ieqbwr bhwl kry[” aus ny sYˆtr nwl glbwq vwsqy 5 mMgW dI pihloN pUrqI krvwaux dI Srq rKI[ ieh nukqy sn: (1) pµjwb ‟c pUrI Awm muAw&I dw AYlwn kIqw jwvy (2) JUTy mukwbly bµd kIqy jwx (3) id`lI qy hor jghW qy is`KW dy nvµbr 84 dy kwqlW ƒ szwvW id`qIAW jwx (4) kwly kwƒn mnsU^ kIqy jwx (5) DrmI &OjIAW dI bhwlI kIqI jwvy[

1992 ivc nrisMmHw rwE pRweIm minstr bx igAw sI[ aus ny 19 &rvrI 1992 dy idn pMjwb ivc coxW krvwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ kWgrs ny KwVkUAW ivc bYTy Awpxy eyjMtW (kuJ lok ies dw izMmydwr kwmryf Ajmyr isMG qy krmjIq isMG p`qrkwr nUM mMndy hn) rwhIN dljIq isMG ib`tU Aqy suKdyv isMG bbr koloN zor puAw ky AkwlIAW qoN coxW dw bweIkwt krvw id`qw sI[ ijs nwl isr& 10 qoN 20 % poilMg hoeI Aqy 25 &rvrI 1992 dy idn byAMq isMG cI& minstr bx igAw sI[ byAMq isMG ny ky.pI. ig`l nUM pulIs dw muKI bxw id`qw sI[ ig`l ny nOjvwnW dw kqlyAwm krn SurU kr id`qw sI[ A^Ir 31 Agsq 1995 dy idn idlwvr isMG ny CwqI ‟qy bMb bMnH ky byAMq isMG nUM mwr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN BwvyN kWgrs dI srkwr fyF swl hor cldI rhI sI qy hrcrn isMG brwV qy rijMdr kOr B`Tl cI& minstr rhy sn, pr ieh g`l p`kI sI ik nvIAW coxW ivc AkwlIAW dI srkwr hI bxnI sI‟[

auDr &rvrI 1994 ivc rwStr soiem syvk sMG (Awr.AYs.AYs.) ny is`K lIfriSp nUM  AwpxI mu`T ivc lYx dI skIm bxweI sI[ Awr.AYs.AYs. dy iek sInIAr „AiDkwrI‟ ny pRkwS isMG bwdl nwl mulwkwq kIqI sI[ aus AiDkwrI ny bwdl nUM pySkS kIqI sI ik jy auh Awr.AYs.AYs. ivc Swiml ho jwvy qW sdw vwsqy pMjwb dI cI& minstrI aus dy Gr ivc rhygI Aqy aus dI mYNbriSp nUM vI gupq r`iKAw jwvygw[ pr ies vwsqy bwdl nUM Awr.AYs.AYs. dw pUrw v&wdwr bxnw pvygw[ auh koeI vI ibAwn Awr. AYs. AYs. dy i^lw&, kdy vI, nhIN dyvygw Aqy is`K msilAW bwry zbwn bMd r`iKAw krygw[ jd aus AiDkwrI ny dyiKAw ik bwdl ny koeI Tos jvwb qW nhIN id`qw, pr, sdw dI cI& minstrI dI pySkS ‟qy idloN ^uS ho igAw hY qW aus ny Awpxy nwl ilAWdI „Bgvq gIqw‟ ‟qy h`Q r`K ky shuM KwDI ik auh ies smJOqy nUM r`b dy hukm vW| inBwauxgy Aqy aunHW dI jmwq bwdl dI v&wdwrI dw hmySw ieM\ pUrw eInwm dyvygI ijvyN kWgrs ny surjIq brnwlw dw swQ id`qw hY[ bwdl ny Awr. AYs. AYs. dy AiDkwrI nUM ieh bhwnw lwieAw ik mYN prvwr nwl slwh kr ky jvwb idAWgw[

hwlW ik ies smyN bwdl ny bhuq grm ruK A^iqAwr kIqw hoieAw sI[ pihloN vI sMn 1984 ivc vI bwdl Bwrq dy ivDwn dI Dwrw 25 nUM A`g vI lw cukw sI; bwdl &Oj qy pulIs ivc kMm kr rhy is`KW nUM bZwvq vwsqy vI BVkw cukw sI; 25 meI 1992 dy idn bwdl ny ieh ibAwn vI id`qw sI ik “is`KW dw Bwrq dy sMivDwn ivc koeI XkIn nhIN”; 26 Agsq 1992 dy idn aus ny ikhw sI “AsIN is`KW dI AzwdI dy mqy qy pUrI qrHW idRV hW[ AsIN „Kwilsqwn qoN Gt kuJ vI nhIN mnzUr krWgy‟”; iPr 9 nvMbr 1992 nUM aus ny ikhw sI “is`KW kol jnqk jMg qoN isvw koeI cwrw nhIN”[

auN\ qæwkæq qy dOlq dI Bu`K bwdl dI rUh ivc kut kut ky BrI hoeI sI[ aus nUM qklI& ho rhI sI ik surjIq brnwlw aus qoN A`gy dw nMbr lY igAw sI[ ikauNik brnwlw pMQ nwl ZdwrI kr ky rwjIv gWDI dw v&wdwr bx igAw sI qy cI& minstrI lY leI sI (qy mgroN qkrIbn 20 swl qk gvrnrI dw eInwm hwisl kIqw sI)[ bwdl ieh sB vyK irhw sI[ auh kcIcIAW v`t irhw sI[ aus ivc qæwkæq qy dOlq dI Bu`K byimswl sI qy qæwkæq hwisl krn vwsqy auh qrlo m`CI ho irhw sI; pr aus dw v`s nhIN cl irhw sI[ aus ny surjIq brnwlw bxn bwry vI soicAw sI, pr bhuq buzidl S^s hox kr ky auh is`KW qoN vI bhuq frdw sI[ AkwlI dl ivc ismrnjIq isMG mwn qy gurcrn isMG tOhVw aus dw rwh f`kI KVy sn qy kYptn AmirMdr isMG vI AwpxI ^ws QW bxw cuikAw sI[

hux Awr.AYs.AYs. v`loN sdw vwsqy cI& minstrI dI pySkS dy lwlc ny aus dw idmwZ hI bdl id`qw qy auh Awpxw eImwn Awr.AYs.AYs. kol vycx vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw[ aus ny bhwnw qW „pirvwr nwl slwh krn‟ dw lwieAw sI pr auh AMdro-AMdrI purI qrHW mMn igAw sI[ Awr.AYs.AYs. dw auh Cwqr „AiDkwrI‟ ieh g`l iek-dm qwV igAw sI[ Awr.AYs.AYs. ies qoN pihlW gurcrn isMG tOhVw nUM iml ky vI ieh pySkS kr cukI sI[ pr tOhVw kwmryf hrikSn surjIq dw dosq sI qy auh ies pySkS nUM mMnx dw hSr jwxdw sI; ies kr ky cI& minstrI tOhVw nUM iK`c nhIN pw skI sI[ jgdyv isMG qlvMfI nUM Awr.AYs.AYs. ny ies swizS ivc Swiml nhIN kIqw ikauNik Awr.AYs.AYs. dy AiDkwrI dy l&zW ivc „auh bVbolw sI Aqy kdy vI zbwn KolH skdw sI‟[ ies kr ky auh kwbly-ieqbwr nhIN sI[ Awr.AYs.AYs. vwly bwdl nUM 13 ApRYl 1978 dI Gtnw vyly Azmw cuky sn, jd aus ny 13 is`KW dy kql qoN bwAd inrMkwrI muKI nUM pMjwb ivcoN mih&Uz k`F id`qw sI[ Awr.AYs.AYs. ny dyK ilAw sI ik bwdl dOlq qy qæwkæq dw lwlcI hY Aqy auh ies mksd vwsqy iksy vI p`Dr qk ifg skdw sI qy Awpxy Drm, AkIdy qy hr iek nwl ZdwrI krn vwsqy iqAwr ho skdw hY[

BwvyN bwdl ny Awr.AYs.AYs. dI pySkS ‟qy &Yslw krn vwsqy kuJ idn dI muhlq mMg leI sI, pr, auh idloN ies nUM mnzUrI dy cukw sI[ ies kr ky Agly idn qoN hI aus dI bolI bdl geI sI; aus ny is`K msilAW qW kI pMjwb dy h`k ivc bolxw vI bMd kr id`qw sI[ kuJ idnW mgroN Awr.AYs.AYs. dy aus AiDkwrI dy nwl iek hor AiDkwrI vI bwdl nUM imilAw sI qy bwdl nUM id`lI bulwieAw sI[ im`Qy idn id`lI ivc Awr.AYs.AYs. muKI sudrSn qoN ielwvw vwjpweI qy lwl ikSn AfvwnI vI hwzr sn[ ies mIitMg vwly idn hI bwdl ny Awr.AYs.AYs. dI mYNbriSp lY leI sI[ aus dI ieh Srq ik ies g`l nUM aus dI izMdgI qk gupq r`iKAw jwvygw, mnzUr kr leI geI[ gIqw dI shuM Kwx mgroN bwdl ny hvn kr ky Awpxy Awp nUM Awr.AYs.AYs. dw v&wdwr AYlwinAw sI[

ienHW idnW ivc v`K-v`K AkwlI DiVAW ivc eykqw dI g`lbwq cl rhI sI[ Awr.AYs.AYs. dw mYNbr bxn mgroN mgroN bwdl ny Awpxy Awp nUM AkwlI dlW dI eykqw qoN dUr rKxw SurU kr id`qw[ aunHW idnW ivc pMj v`fy AkwlI dl kwiem sn: bwdl-tOhVw dw irvwieqI AkwlI dl, bwbw joigMdr isMG-ismrnjIq isMG mwn dw sMXukq AkwlI dl, BweI mnjIq isMG, surjIq brnwlw Aqy krqwr isMG nwrMg dw bbr AkwlI dl[ aus ny Awr.AYs.AYs. dy hukm hyT ienHW DiVAW ivc eykqw dIAW kwrvweIAW Aqy Akwl buMgw dy pujwrI nUM r`d krn mgroN bwdl ny AkwlI dl dw ivDwn bdl ky ies nUM „pMjwbI pwrtI‟ bxwaux dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI pr, AwpxI Awr.AYs.AYs. nwl sWJ dw S`k nw pYx vwsqy aus ny iek frwmw KyifAw sI[ aus ny jUn 1994 ivc Awpxy Gr sYktr 9 ivc is`K bu`DIjIvI bulw ley sn[ ienHW ivc jy.AYs.gryvwl, jsbIr isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, ipRQIpwl isMG kpUr, fw. drSn isMG Swiml sn[ ienHW nwl g`lbwq kridAW bwdl ny aunHW nUM pu`iCAw ik Awaux vwlIAW AsYNblI coxW ivc auh kWgrs qy BwrqI jnqw pwrtI ivcoN iks nwl smJOqw kry, ikauNik AkwlI dl AwpxI qæwkæq nwl pUrI AksrIAq (bhumq) vwlI srkwr nhIN bxw skygw[ aus ny nwl hI ieh vI kih id`qw ik 1984 qoN 1993 qk kWgrs ny is`KW ‟qy bhuq zulm kIqw hY, kI is`K ies nwl smJOqw kbUl kr lYxgy? bwdl dy ienHW l&zW ny bu`DIjIvIAW dw g`lbwq dw dwierw pihlW hI mihdUd kr id`qw qy aunHW kol hux iek hI nukqw sI ik auh jW qW BwrqI jnqw pwrtI nwl smJOqy dI ihmwieq krdy jW mu^lw&q[ fw. drSn isMG ny iksy nwl vI smJOqw nw kr ky Awzwd rihx dw suJwA id`qw sI[ ipRQIpwl isMG kpUr ikauNik kWgrs dy Arjn isMG dw v&wdwr sI, aus ny kWgrs nwl imlx dI ihmwieq kIqI sI[ jsbIr isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny ikhw ik kWgrs ‟qy ieqbwr nhIN kIqw jw skdw; ies pwrtI ny surjIq brnwlw nwl vwr-vwr DoKw kIqw sI[ jy.AYs, gryvwl, jo bhuq Gwg iksm dw bMdw hY, ny koeI is`Dw jvwb nw id`qw; auh drAsl dUhrI v&wdwrI rKdw sI ikauNik 1969 ivc AkwlI dl ny aus nUM gurU nwnk XUnIvristI ivc ihstrI mihkmy dw muKI bxwieAw sI qy mgroN drbwrw isMG kWgrsI dI srkwr ny aus nUM vweIs cWslr bxwieAw sI[ dUjw, gryvwl ny qwV ilAw sI ik bwdl AMdroN qW Bwjpw nwl smJOqy dy h`k ivc hY ies kr ky aus ny bVw clwkI vwlw jvwb id`qw ik “mYN AkwlI-kWgrs smJOqy dy h`k ivc hW, pr mOjUdw sUrq ivc Bwjpw nwl smJOqw vI TIk rhygw”[ hux AwhlUvwlIAw Aqy gryvwl dI ihmwieq imlx mgroN bwdl dI skIm kwmXwb ho cukI sI[ A^Ir mIitMg ivc Bwjpw nwl smJOqy dI ihmwieq dw &Yslw ho igAw sI (drAsl &Yslw nhIN bwdl ny ieSwrw dy id`qw sI)[ ieM\ bwdl ny Awr.AYs.AYs. nwl AwpxI gMF-sMF nUM bu`DIjIvIAW dy gl mVH id`qw sI[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny bu`DIjIvIAW qoN ies g`l dI ihmwieq vI hwisl kr leI sI ik AkwlI dl ivc ZYr is`KW nUM vI BrqI kIqw jwvy[

ies mgroN bwdl ny Awpxy DVy dw iek iek`T 24 julweI 1994 dy idn mogw ivc kIqw sI[ ies ie`kT ivc bwdl AkwlI dl dI nvIN BrqI SurU krn dw &Yslw kIqw igAw sI[ ies kwn&rMs ivc SRomxI AkwlI dl dy buinAwdI AsUl ƒ vI bdl id`qw igAw sI qy ies nvIN qbdIlI hyT „„ZYr-is`K vI AkwlI dl (bwdl) ‟c BrqI ho skxgy” dw mqw pws kIqw igAw sI[ ieh sI SRomxI AkwlI dl (bwdl) vloN AkwlI dl dy “pµQk” rol ƒ mn&I kr ky ies ƒ AkwlI dl dI QW „pµjwbI dl‟ bxwaux dw AYlwn-nwmw[ ies mgroN bwdl dI swrI isAwsq qæwkæq, kursI, dOlq, pirvwr, DVw, isµfIkyt dy duAwly Guµmx lg pYxI sI[ AkwlI dl (bwdl) hor sB kuJ rihxw sI pr „pµQk jW „AkwlI nhIN sI rihxw[

ies vyly qk bwdl dy mukwbly ivc AkwlI dl (AMimRqsr) dI bhuq qæwkæq bx cukI sI[ ies dorwn 27 sqMbr 1994 dy idn blwk sMmqI Aqy pMcwieqW dIAW coxW hoeIAW sn[ bwdl AkwlI dl Aqy AkwlI dl (AMimRqsr) iek dUjy dy i^lw& lVy sn[ hwlW ik AkwlI dl (AMimRqsr) bxy nUM isr& swFy cwr mhIny hI hoey sn, pr aunHW ny pMcwieq sMmqIAW ivco bwdl dIAW 188 dy mukwbly 88 Aqy izlw pRISd ivcoN bwdl dIAW 59 dy mukwbly 43 sItW ij`q leIAW sn[ ieh bwdl vwsqy bVw v`fw Jtkw sI[ ies mgroN 25 nvMbr 1994 dy idn SRomxI kmytI dI pRDwngI cox ivc vI AkwlI dl (AMimRqsr) ny bwdl dl dy aumIdvwr nUM 28 dy mukwbly ivc 66 votW ‟qy hrw id`qw sI[ pr AkwlI dl (AMimRqsr) dy kbwielI soc vwly AwgU CyqI hI iBV pey sn Aqy dl KyrU-KyrU hox lg ipAw sI[ ies hwlq ivc SRomxI kmytI dI pRDwngI nUM sdIvI kol r`Kx dI iqlsm ivc gurcrn isMG tOhVw vI bwdl nwl jw rilAw sI[ ies nwl bwdl dI qæwkæq bhuq vD geI sI[ hux swry gurduAwry, hzwrW gurduAwrw mulwzm, „AjIq‟ A^bwr, Awr.AYs.AYs. Aqy puls dw iek v`fw ih`sw aus dy nwl sI[ ies hwlq ivc pMjwb AsYNblI ‟qy kbzw krnw aus vwsqy sOKw ho igAw sI[

6 &rvrI 1997 dy idn pµjwb AsYNblI dIAW coxW hoeIAW sn[ ienHW coxW ivc SRomxI AkwlI dl (bwdl-tOhVw) DVy ny zbrdsq ijq hwisl kIqI sI[ aunHW ƒ 37.64 &I sdI votW hwisl hoeIAW sn (sMn 1996 dIAW lok sBw coxW ivc 28 &I sdI imlIAW sn)[AkwlI dl ny 117 ivcoN 75 sItW ijqIAW sn[ bwdl 12 &rvrI 1997 dy idn cI& minstr bixAw sI[ auh 26 &rvrI 2002 qk cI& minstr irhw sI[ ieh swrw smW bwdl dw swrw iDAwn vD qoN vD dOlq iek`TI krn vl lgw irhw igAw sI[ dOlq ie`kTI krn vwsqy aus ny koeI hIlw nhIN C`ifAw sI[ aus ny qW srkwr dI ^rIdo &ro^q ivc, trWsport qy hor mihkimAW ivcoN r`j ky dOlq iek`TI krnI SurU kr id`qI sI[ Awr.AYs.AYs. nUM bwdl dI ieh pwlsI rws AwauNdI sI ikauNik ies nwl bwdl pMjwb Aqy is`KW dy msilAW nUM iblkul hI ivswr id`qw sI[ ies smyN kYptn AmirMdr isMG (jo kWgrs ivc Swiml ho cukw sI) ny ieh prcwr krnw SurU kr id`qw sI ik bwdl ny 3500 kroV rupY dI jwiedwd bxw leI hY[

ies ny nwl hI cI& minstr bxn mgroN aus ny Awr.AYs.AYs. nwl pUrI v&wdwrI inBwauxI SurU kr id`qI sI[ hux auh is`K isAwsq jW Drm bwry iblkul cup ho igAw sI[ hux aus nUM pMjwb dw vI koeI mslw nhIN sI idsdw; jy idsdw sI qW isr& hkUmq krnw qy pYsy kmwauxw[ hux dyKx nUM qW pMjwb ivc bwdl qy AkwlI dl dI hkUmq sI, pr ies dw irmot kMtrol Awr.AYs.AYs. kol sI[ ies sI SRomxI AkwlI dl dI mOq dI SurUAwq qy is`K pMQ dI qwbwhI dw AwZwz[ ies qoN ielwvw ies smyN ivc bwdl ny hzwrW nOjvwnW dy kwql pulsIAW nUM pnwh id`qI sI qy v`fy AhuidAW ‟qy invwijAw sI[ aus ny qW jsits kuldIp isMG dI AgvweI hyT bxy „pbilk kimSn‟ ‟qy vI pwbMdI luAw id`qI sI[ aus ny drbwr swihb Aqy hor gurduAwirAW ‟qy Bwjpw Aqy Awr.AYs.AYs. dw p`kw kMtrol kwiem krvw id`qw sI[ gurduAwirAW dy ArbW rupY is`Dy qy Ais`Dy qrIky nwl hVp krny SurU kr id`qyy sn[ aus dI srprsqI hyT gurduAwirAW ivc inrmilAW Aqy fyrydwrW dI mirAwdw clwxI SurU ho geI sI[ auh Awp vI hr mMdr ivc jw ky iSvilMg Aqy hor ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW dI pUjw Aqy jvn ivc ih`sw pwauNdw irhw sI[ aus ny sOdw swD nwl sOdw kr ky d&w 295 ivc soD kIqI sI qW jo is`K pRcwrkW „qy muk`dmy bxw ky aunHW dI zbwn-bMdI kIqI jw sky[ aus ny kUikAW (nwmDwrIAW), nUrmihl dy AwSUqoS, ibAwsw dy rwDwsuAwmI Aqy hr iek swD nUM pUrI srprsqI id`qI sI[ aus ny pMjwb ivc niSAW dI smgilMg krn vwilAW dI vI pUrI srpRsqI kIqI sI[

qæwkæq qy dOlq dI Bu`K bwdl dI rUh ivc kut kut ky BrI hoeI hY[ aus ny cI& minstrI dy dOrwn AwpxI jwiedwd ivc ^Ub vwDw kIqw sI[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny AkwlI hox dw pihlw nkwb audoN lwihAw sI jd aus ny AwpxI DI pRxIq kOr dw ivAwh AkwlI dl Aqy pMQ nUM bhuq v`fw nukswn phuMcwaux vwly pRqwp isMG kYroN dy poqry AwdySpRqwp (pu`qr suirMdr kYroN) nwl kr id`qw sI[

sMn 1998 dy A^Ir ivc brijµdr isMG hmdrd, suKdyv isµG FINfsw, blivµdr isµG BUµdV, kYptn kµvljIq, rxjIq isµG bRhmpurw, mnjIq isµG (kysgVH swihb), kyvl isµG (dmdmw swihb) iek gru`p vjoN ivcr rhy sn[ ieh swry gurcrn isMG tOhVw dy i^lw& jhwd CyVn vwsqy mOkw FUµF rhy sn[ A^Ir, tOhVw dy iek mwmUlI ijhy ibAwn ‟qy ienHW ny ieh jhwd SurU kr id`qw sI[ 11 dsµbr 1998 dI Swm vyly bwdl ny AwpxI koTI ‟qy swry vzIr (jQydwr tOhVw dy 5 swQI C`f ky), izlHw jQydwr (tOhVw dy swQI C`f ky) Aqy bwdl dy v&wdwr hor AkwlI vrkr iek`Ty kIqy sn[ ies mIitµg ivc &Yslw kIqw igAw ik tOhVw ‟qy iek BrpUr vwr kIqw jwvy qy aus ƒ SRomxI kmytI dI pRDwngI qoN lwh id`qw jwvy[ ies vyly bwdl cI& minstr sI[ aus vwsqy SRomxI kmytI dy mYNbrW ƒ ^rIdxw koeI AOKw nhIN sI[ pYsw vI aus kol vfy jwgIrdwrW qoN vI vD sI[ iPr, ikauN ik jQydwr tOhVw ny nOkrSwhI dy i^lw& ibAwn vI idqw sI, bhuq swry ibaUrokryt (srkwrI A&sr) vI swry tOhVw dy i^lw& sn[

bwdl DVy ny gurduAwrw jufISIAl kimSn dI mdd lY ky 17 mwrc ƒ SRomxI kmytI dw spYSl iejlws bulw ilAw sI[ ies ivc tOhVw nUM htw ky jwgIr kOr ƒ SRomxI kmytI dw pRDwn cux ilAw igAw sI[ mgroN tOhVw ny 31 meI 1999 dy idn AwlmgIr ivc „srb ihµd SRomxI AkwlI dl‟ bxw ilAw sI[

auDr 1999 ivc BwrqI lok sBw dIAW dobwrw coxW Aw geIAW sn; 5 sqµbr qoN 3 AkqUbr qk poilMg hoeI sI[ tOhVw ny pitAwlw, ropV, i&lOr, huiSAwrpur sItW qy vDyry kµm kIqw qy mwn ny sµgrUr sIt ‟qy zor lwieAw sI[ nqIjw ieh hoieAw sI ik p`kIAW A`T AkwlI sItW qoN kWgrs pwrtI ij`q geI sI[ AkwlIAW dIAW votW dI vµf ny AkwlI dl dy p`ly isr& do sItW (qrnqwrn qy &Irozpur) hI pweIAW sn[ ienHW bwry vI kuldIp isµG vfwlw dI it`pxI shI sI ik quV Awpxy ^wndwn dI kurbwnI Aqy zorw isµG mwn guµfwgrdI Aqy hyrw&yrI nwl coxW ij`iqAw sI, vrnw bwdl DVy ƒ hUµJw hI iPr jwxw sI[ tOhVw ny cwr sItW ‟qy zbrdsq t`kr id`qI sI; aus dy aumIdvwr eynIAW votW lY gey ik bwdl ƒ, sxy Awpxy pu`qr suKbIr dI sIt (&rIdkot) dy, ienHW swrIAW sItW qoN h`Q Doxy pey sn[ ieh sI trylr Awaux vwlIAW pµcwieqI coxW Aqy AsYNblI coxW dy nqIijAW dw[ pr Ajy bwdl ivc pUrI AwkV kwiem sI Aqy aus dy nzdIkI swQI tOhVw nwl smJOqy dy h`k ivc nhIN sn[

13 &rvrI 2002 dy idn pMjwb AsYNblI dIAW coxW vwsqy votW pweIAW geIAW sn[ 24 &rvrI nUM nqIjy Awey[ kWgrs ny 62 (1997 ivc 14 sn), bwdl dl ny 41 (1997 ivc 75 sn), Bwjpw ny 3 (1997 ivc 18 sn) sItW ij`qIAW sn[ sI.pI. AweI. 2 Aqy Awzwd 9 sItW ‟qy jyqU rhy sn[ bspw, pMQk morcw (tOhVw) koeI sIt nhIN ijq sky sn, pr tOhVw dy auNmIdvwrW v`loN votW vMf lYx kwrn bwdl dl nUM Gto-Gt 20 sItW ‟qy hwr hoeI sI[ 26 &rvrI 2002 dy idn kYptn AmirMdr isMG cI& minstr bx igAw sI[ auh Agly idn drbwr swihb igAw sI, pr aus nUM kWgrsI kih ky isrpwE nhIN id`qw igAw sI; ieh hrkq gurduAwirAW‟qy mhMqW dy sMn 1920 qk dy kbzy vrgI krqUq sI[

bwdl Ajy vI hMkwr ivc bYTw sI[ nvMbr 2002 ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDwn dI swlwnw cox hoeI sI[ jgdyv isMG qlvMfI ny ikrpwl isMG bfUMgr nUM SRomxI kmytI dw pRDwn bxwaux dw ivroD kIqw sI[ ies ‟qy bwdl ny 11 dsMbr 2002 dy idn jgdyv isMG qlvMfI nUM pwrtI ivcoN k`F id`qw sI[ ies hwlq ivc mnjIq isMG klk“qw ny bwdl qy tOhVw ivc eykqw krvwaux vwsqy koiSSW SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ 13 jUn 2003 dy idn rsmI qOr ‟qy tOhVw qy bwdl iPr iek ho gey sn[

auDr kYptn AmirMdr isMG ny bwdl qy aus dy pu`qr suKbIr nUM iT`T krn dI plwn bxweI sI[ aus ny iek muk`dmw bxvw ky pihlI dsMbr 2003 dy idn bwdl qy suKbIr nUM ig&qwr krw id`qw sI Aqy Adwlq ny dohW dw 13 idn dw jufISIAl rImWf dy id`qw Aqy aunHW nUM jylH Byj id`qw sI (aunHW dI zmwnq 9 dsMbr nUM hoeI sI)[ 8 dsMbr nUM bwdl dw jnm idn sI Aqy tOhVw ny ieh idn „jbr ivroDI‟ idn vjoN pitAwlw ivc rYlI kr ky, bwdl nUM ^uS krn dI soc nwl mnwieAw sI[

mwrc 2004 ivc AµimRqsr srovr dI kwr-syvw SurU hoeI sI qW gurcrn isMG tOhVw ƒ idl dw dOrw ipAw sI qy auh 31 mwrc qy pihlI ApRYl ivclI rwq ƒ cVHweI kr igAw sI[ hux AkwlI dl, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI Awid sB kuJ bwdl dy h`Q ivc Aw cukw sI[ pr cI& minstr bxn vwsqy bwdl nUM Ajy iqMn swl aufI krnI pYxI sI[ 1 mwrc 2007 dy idn auh iPr cI& minstr bx igAw sI Aqy 14 mwrc 2012 qk ies Ahudy ‟qy irhw sI[ sMn 2012 ivc bwdl ny dobwrw ij`q nhIN skxw sI, pr mnpRIq bwdl ny nvIN pwrtI bx ky Awpxy aumIdvwr KVHy kr id`qy sn, ijnHW ny aultw kWgrs dIAW votW hI qoVIAW sn[ ieM\ bwdl 14 mwrc 2012 qoN 16 mwrc 2017 qk iPr cI& minstr bixAw irhw sI[ sMn 2017 dIAW coxW ivc 117 sItW ivcoN kWgrs ny 77 qy bwdl ny isr& 15 sItW ij`qIAW sn[ ies mgroN sMn 2019 ivc lok sBw dIAW coxW hoeIAW sn; bwdl nUM 13 ivcoN isr& 2 sItW hI iml skIAW sn; auh vI Awm AwdmI pwrtI v`loN votW kWgrs dIAW qoVn kwrn Aqy keI kroV rupY ^rcx mgroN hI imlIAW sn[sMn 2022 ivc pMjwb AsYNblI ivc bwdl dl 117 ivcoN isr& iqMn sItW hI ij`q sikAw sI.

bwdl jvwnI ivc

 

 

bwdl ADKV aumr ivc

bwdl buFwpy ivc

pRdumx isMG

prdumx isMG (? -20.11.1877), pu`qr igAwnI gurmuK isMG, poqw igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw (gRMQI drbwr swihb), dw jnm AMimRqsr ivc hoieAw sI[ ies dw ipqw gurmuK isMG drbwr swihb dw srbrwh sI (gur iblws pwqSwhI CyvIN dw muK lyKk vI auhI sI)[ auh sqMbr 1843 ivc lwhOr dy q^q ’qy kbzy lVweI ivc sMDWvwlIAW dw swQI hox kr ky hIrw isMh fogry dy h`QoN mwirAw igAw sI[ aus dy mrn ip`CoN drbwr swihb dI srbrwhI ies kol Aw geI sI[ pMjwb au~qy AMgRyzW dy kbzy mgroN pRdumx isMG AMgRyzW dw ^Yr-^Íwh bx igAw sI[ AMgRyzW ny aus nUM 4000 rupY swlwnw dI jwgIr id`qI hoeI sI[ ies dw lihxw isMG mjIiTAw nwl bhuq ipAwr sI[ sMn 1853 ivc jdoN lihxw isMG AwpxI Aw^rI aumr ivc kwSI (vwrwxsI) clw igAw sI qW ieh vI aus dy nwl clw igAw sI[ kuJ icr mgroN lihxw isMG ny ies nUM smJw buJw ky vwips AMimRqsr Byj id`qw sI[ sMn 1859 ivc jdoN AMgRyzW dI bxweI iek kmytI ny drbwr swihb dw ‘dsqUr-ie-Aml’ bxwieAw sI qW ieh aus kmytI dw mYNbr sI[ jdoN Kym isMG bydI toly ny pRo. gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& morcw lwieAw qW ieh aus dy nwl sI[ sMn 1877 dy SurU ivc ieh bImwr pY igAw sI Aqy kuJ mhIny dI bImwrI mgroN ies dI mOq ho geI sI[ ies dw pu`qr hirMdr isMG rUp iek mShUr ilKwrI sI.

prDwn kOr

bIbI pRDwn kOr pitAwly dy bwbw Awlw isµG dy pu`qr rwjw BUmIAw isµG dI bytI sI[ ies dI mµgxI BweI gurbKS isµG (rwm kuier) dy vfy pu`qr mohr isµG nwl hoeI sI[gurbKS isµG dy nMdyV qoN vwps Awaux mgroN ies dw ivAwh hoieAw sI[ pRDwn kOr dy Gr iek pu`qr rUp isµG pYdw hoieAw sI jo CotI aumr iv`c clwxw kr igAw sI[ ies mgroN pRDwn kOr ny Awp zor pw ky Awpxy pqI mohr isµG nUM dUjI SwdI leI rwzI kIqw sI[ bIbI dy kihx ’qy mohr isµG dw ivAwh kµdovwlI dy zmINdwr lµgr isµG dI bytI dyso nwl hoieAw sI[ bIbI dyso qoN vfBwg isµG pYdw hoieAw sI jo sq swl dI aumr ivc clwxw kr igAw sI qy mwqw dyso vI clwxw kr geI sI[ iPr pRDwn kOr ny Awpxy pqI mohr isµG dI qIjI SwdI bYˆs ipµf dy zmINdwr dI DI insqwrW nwl kIqI sI[ ies qoN do pu`qr vfw Swm isµG qy Cotw AwBw isµG pYdw hoey sn[

Swm isµG dw AwpxI v`fI mW pRDwn kOr nwl bhuq ipAwr sI[ ieh pRDwn kOr dy hI pu`qr kr ky hI jwxy jWdy sn; jo pitAwlw rwj BUmIAw isµG dy dohqy hI khy jWdy sn[ pRDwn kOr ny Swm isµG leI mh`l bxvwey sn[ mh`l dy burjW ’qy hr vyly &OjI iqAwr-br-iqAwr KVHy rihµdy sn[ iklHy vrgy mhl dI kµD eynI cOVI sI ik cwr GoVy iek`Ty dOV skdy sn[ mihl dy ivc hI pwxI dy hOz bxvwey hoey sn[ Swm isµG sdw iek mhwrwjw vWg hI ivcrdw sI[ aunHW ny pRDwn kOr dI hdwieq hyT pµj iklHy vI bxvwey sn[ pihlw iklHw Swmpurw, jo Jµfw rwmdws qoN phwV dI bwhI cVHdy pwsy hY; dUjw Swhpur, jo Jµfw rwmdws qoN 10 iklomItr dI iv`Q ’qy au~qr-p`Cm v`l hY; qIjw iklHw Swmngr ivc; qy cOQw BµgwlI ipMf ivc bxvwieAw sI[ aunHW ny hiQAwr sur`iKAq r`Kx leI ‘dmdmw’ vI bxvwieAw sI, jo gurduAwrw swihb ivc hI hY[ pRDwn kOr ny ieh ‘dmdmw’ ies qrIky nwl iqAwr krvwieAw sI ik iksy vI qrHW duSmx ies dw nukswn nw kr sky[ dmdmy dy Bwry drvwzy qW sn hI, nwl hI Aµdr hI iek KUhI lvweI sI ijs dI BOxI au~pr qIjI mµizl ’qy lgI hoeI sI[ au~proN pwxI iek qwry vWg nzr Awaux kr ky, ies ƒ ‘AsmwnI KUhI’ ikhw jWdw sI[ pRDwn kOr Swm isµG dI dyh Arog bxweI rKx leI pµdrW sO eykV ivc ihrnIAW rKvweIAW sn[ ihrnIAW dw du`D Swm isµG ƒ idqw jWdw sI[

pRDwn kOr aunHW simAW ivc sB qoN vD pVHI ilKI AOrq sI[gurbKS isµG (aur& BweI rwm kuier) vloN ilKweIAW swKIAW dy gRµQ ienHW kol hI huµdy sn[

nvµbr 1766 ivc pRDwn kOr dy pqI mohr isµG dI mOq ho geI sI qy ies mgroN auh Awpxy pyky ipµf brnwly clI geI sI[ aus vyly brnwlw iek ipMf hI sI; ie`Qy koeI sqsµg nhIN sI; koeI sµgq nhIN sI; koeI bwxI dw pRvwh nhIN sI[ pRDwn kOr ny AµimRqsr qoN pMifq in`kw isµG inrmly ƒ brnwly sd ilAw sI[

pRDwn kOr dy ipqw rwjw BUmIAw isµG (pu`qr bwbw Awlw isµG pitAwlw) ny AwpxI bytI ƒ 30 ipMf dy idqy sn, ijnHW dI Awmdn qoN pRDwn kOr Awpxy ^rc clwaux lg peI sI[ brnwly ivc roj dIvwn sjdy sn; pRDwn kOr ny sqsµg kIrqn leI iek bwrWdrI bxvweI hoeI sI ij`Qy pµifq in`kw isµG k`Qw kIrqn krdw huµdw sI[ mgroN ieh bwrWdrI Aqy KufIAW ipµf mwqw pRDwn kOr ny pµifq in`kw isµG ƒ Ardws kr idqy sn[ ies dw ptw brnwly bwbw gWDw isµG jI dI bwrWdrI (Drmswlw) ivc Aj vI mOjUd hY[ pRDwn kOr ny iek hvylI qy buµgw vI bxvwieAw sI[ ies dw nwm ‘mlveI buµgw’ krIky pRis`D sI[ pRDwn kOr ny brnwly ivKy rmdws dI qrz qy keI bwZ qy KUh lgvwey sn; ijnHW dy inSwn hux qk kwiem hn[ brnwly ivc hI pRDwn kOr dw Aw^rI smW AwieAw sI[(lyKk: fw. AmrjIq kOr iebn klW).

prmjIq isMG srnw

prmjIq isMG srnw, pu`qr s. qrlocn isMG srnw, dw jnm 23 mwrc 1944 dy idn, p`CmI pMjwb dy ngr gujr^wn ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf mgroN ieh pirvwr id`lI Aw visAw sI[ prmjIq isMG ny skUl Aqy kwlj dI pVHweI id`lI ivc hI kIqI sI[ id`lI ivc ies pirvwr dw roznwmcw Awpxy vpwr qoN isvw rozwnw gurduAwirAW dI syvw krnw sI; ies kr ky sMgqW ies pirvwr nwl bhuq ipAwr krdIAW sn[ prmjIq isMG sMn 1995 ivc pihlI vwr id`lI is`K gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI[ iesy swl aus nUM pihlI vwr id`lI is`K gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pRDwn vI cux ilAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh sMn 1999, 2003, Aqy 2009 ivc iPr pRDwn cuixAw igAw sI[ aus dw Cotw Brw hrivMdr isMG srnw vI id`lI is`K gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pRDwn rih cukw hY[ is`K ieiqhwskwrW muqæwibkæ is`K gurduAwirAW dy pRbMD dI Aj qk dI qvwrI^ ivc jQydwr gurcrn isMG tOhVw Aqy prmjIq isMG srnw qy hrivMdr isMG srnw sB qoN vD eImwndwr pRbMDk rhy hn[ sMn 2013 ivc jdoN mnjIq isMG jI.ky. pRDwn bixAw qW prmjIq isMG srnw ny aus nUM cwrj dyx dy nwl hI ds hzwr rupY dw iek cY~k id`lI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmtI dy nW dw ieh kih ky Byt kIqw sI ik “pRDwngI kwl ivc d&qr ivc bYT ky gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy lMgr dI cwh pINdy rhy hW, ieh dsvMD qW swfw &rz bxdw hY”[ sMn 2021 ivc vI prmjIq isMG Aqy hrivMdr isMG dovyN id`lI is`K gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy mYNbr cuxy gey sn prmjIq isMG Aqy aus dy dovyN Brw hrivMdr isMG qy BUipMdr isMG dy pirvwr ie`kTy ie`ko Gr ivc rihMdy hn[ BrwvW ivc Aijhw AwpxI ie`q&wk bhuq Gt vyKx nUM imldw hY.

prmjIq isMG srnw

hrivMdr isMG srnw qy prmjIq isMG srnw

pMmw pMifq

ies dw Asl nW prmw nMd sI[ ieh iblwspur (kihlUr) irAwsq dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd dw puroihq sI[ ieh bhuq SYqwnI qbIAq vwlw bMdw sI[ ieh is`KW nwl bhuq n&rq krdw sI[ iblwspur irAwsq dy sMn 1619 qoN is`KW nwl bhuq dosqwnw sbMD sn, pr ies pMifq ny Ajmyr cMd dy kMn Br-Br ky ies nUM is`KW dw mu^wil& bxw id`qw sI[ sMn 1700 ivc 29 Agsq qoN pihlI sqMbr qk AnMdpur ivc Aqy 8 AkqUbr qoN 14 AkqUbr qk inrmohgVH ivc gurU swihb au~qy iblwspur dI &Oj dy hmilAW dw muK izMmydwr iehI sI[ is`K ies dIAW krqUqW kwrn ies nwl n&rq krn kr ky ies nUM ‘pMmw’ kih ky bulwauNdy sn[ jo byeImwn, kmInw Aqy SYqwn iksm dw bMdw hovy aus nUM vI pMmw ikhw jWdw hY.

pwlw isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

BweI pwlw isMG, pu`qr jYml isMG, dw jnm ipMf Syrpur Kurd (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh dUr-pUrb dy mulkW brmw (imAWmwr), isAwm (QweIlYNf) Awid ivc nOkrI krn vwsqy inkl igAw sI[ sMn 1913 ivc jdoN Ajy Zdr pwrtI kwiem nhIN hoeI sI, cIn, brmw Aqy isAwm dy pMjwbIAW ny mulk nUM AMgryzW qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy hiQAwrbMd hoxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ ies mksd vwsqy aunHW ny hiQAwr ^rId ky jmHw krny SurU kr id`qy sn[ ieh hiQAwr cIn, brmw Aqy isAwm mulkW dy jMglW ivc r`Ky jw rhy sn[ AMgRyz hwkmW nUM ies dI sUh iml rhI sI Aqy auh ienHW swirAW dw ip`Cw kr rhy sn[ A^Ir ienHW ivcoN 70 bMdy PVy gey sn[ ienHW au~qy ‘mWflw swizS kys’ clw ky pwlw isMG qy 6 hor jixAW nUM &WsI Aqy bwkIAW nUM Gt szwvW id`qIAW geIAW sn[ pwlw isMG nUM 16 nvMbr 1916 dy idn &WsI id`qI geI sI.

pwlw isMG (jYqo)

1. BweI pwlw isMG izlHw gurdwspur dy ipMf p`Kooky dw rihx vwlw sI[ jdoN jYqo morcw (sMn 1923-25) dOrwn ShIdI j`Qy jYqo nUM Byjy gey sn qW ieh dUjy ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 9 &rvrI 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN cl ky 14 mwrc 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI ij`Qy ies j`Qy ivc Swiml swry is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw bIV jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qsIihAW kwrn ieh jyl ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI

2. BweI pwlw isMG izlHw gurdwspur dy ipMf l`Koky dw rihx vwlw sI[jdoN jYqo morcw (sMn 1923-25) dOrwn ShIdI j`Qy jYqo nUM Byjy gey sn qW ieh bwrHvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 17 Agsq 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN cl ky 14 sqMbr 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI ij`Qy ies j`Qy ivc Swiml swry is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw bIV jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qsIihAW kwrn ieh jyl ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI. hor vyKo: jYqo morcw.

pYrw, BweI

BweI pYrw, pu`qr BweI gOqm (ijs nUM mhwqmw gOqm vI kihMdy sn), ipMf kirAwlw (izlHw ijhlm) dw rihx vwlw sI[ ieh iCbr bRwhmx pirvwr nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ ieh pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny &Oj bxweI sI qW ieh vI ies ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ies dI bhwdrI Aqy jQybMdk kwblIAq vyK ky gurU jI ny ies nuM iek j`Qy dI kmWf dy id`qI sI[ies ny gurU jI dIAW swrIAW lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ pYry dw Brw prwgw vI gurU jI dI &oj dw ih`sw sI[ pYrw dy do pu`qr sn: Cuty m`l Aqy caupq rwie (pwhul mgroN cOpw isMG). hor vyKo: cOpw isMG.

pYVw moKw

jnmswKI BweI bwlw muqæwibkæ ieh moKw zwq dw iek is`K ijs ny sB qoN pihlI jnmswKI ilKI sI (hwlW ik BweI gurdws dIAW vwrW ivc gurU AMgd swihb dy smyN dy is`KW ivc pYVw nW dy iksy vI S^s dw jW iksy jnmswKI lyKk dw koeI izkr nhIN imldw), ies kr ky ieh iek klipq pwqr jwpdw hY.

pYNdy ^wn

ieh &qh ^wn dw pu`qr sI[ ienHW dw j`dI ipMf Awlmpur sI[ ieh Ajy in`kw hI sI ik ies dy ipqw dI mOq ho geI sI[ ies dw pwln poSn ies dI nwnI ny kIqw sI jo ipMfw v`fy mIr (nyVy krqwrpur, izlHw jlMDr) ivc rihMdI sI[jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb krqwrpur rih rhy sn qW ieh gurU dI &Oj ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ mgroN ies dw juAweI Asmwn ^wn vI gurU jI dI &Oj ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ pYNdy ^wn ny gurU-dw-c`k (ApRYl 1634 Aqy mihrwj (dsMbr 1634) dIAW lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ mwrc 1635 ivc icqr sYn nW dw iek is`K krqwrpur AwieAw sI[ aus ny gurU jI nUM iek GoVw, iek bwz, iek cogw Aqy iek KMfw Byt kIqy sn[ gurU jI ny ienHW qohi&AW ivcoN bwz Awpxy pu`qr gurid`qw nUM dy id`qw sI[ kuJ smW mgroN pYNdy ^wn dy juAweI Asmwn ^wn ny bwz corI ilAw sI Aqy aus aus nuM Awpxy ipMf Cotw mIr ivc C`f AwieAw sI[ jd aus dI corI PVI geI sI qW gurU jI ny aus nUM krqwrpur qoN k`F id`qw sI[ (aus dy shury) ies pYNdy ^wn ny aus dI ZlqI dI muAw&I mMgx dI QW jlMDr qoN muZl &OjW cVHw ilAWdI sI[ies &Oj nwl is`KW dI iqMn idn (26 qoN 28 AprYl 1635 qk) lVweI hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc muZl &Oj dw kmWfr Aqy bhuq swry hor muZl ispwhI Aqy bhuq swry is`K vI mwry gey sn[ pYNdy ^wn Awp vI gurU jI dy h`QoN mwirAw igAw sI.

phwV isMG

rwjw phwV isMG (sMn 1799-1849), pu`qr cVHq isMG brwV, sMn 1827 ivc, Awpxy ccyry Brw Aqr isMG dI mOq mgroN &rIdkot irAwsq dw rwjw bixAw sI[ AMgryzW Aqy lwhOr drbwr ivckwr sMn 1845-46 ivc hoeIAW lVweIAW ivc aus ny AMgRyzW dI mdd kIqI sI[ AMgRyzW ny aus nUM rwjw dw i^qwb vI id`qw sI Aqy nwBw irAwsq dw kuJ ielwkw vI eInwm ivc id`qw sI[ sMn 1849 ivc aus dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr vzIr isMG (sMn 1811-1875) rwjw bixAw sI[ ies vzIr isMG dw pu`qr ibkrm isMG (jnvrI 1811-8.8.1898) Kym isMG bydI dw sB qoN v`fw swQI sI.

pdm rwey

BweI pdm rwey, pu`qr kOljI dws, poqrw AMbIAw hjwvq, cOhwn rwjpUq, dburjI audY krn vwlI (izlHw isAwlkot) dw vwsI sI[ ieh ipMf ies ^wndwn dy v`fy-vfyirAW ny bMinHAw sI[ pdm rwey dw pirvwr is`K pMQ nwl Swied gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN qoN hI juiVAw hoieAw sI[ gurU hrigoibMd swihb ny jdoN &Oj bxweI sI qW ies pirvwr dy bhuq swry nOjvwn aus ivc Swiml hoey sn[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr dy iklHy qoN irhw hox mgroN 8 &rvrI 1620 dy idn klwnOr (izlHw gurdwspur) pu`jy sn qW auh vI gurU jI dy nwl sI[ 28 dsMbr 1620 dy idn jdoN gurU jI gurU-dw-c`k pu`jy sn qW pdm rwey dw ipqw kOljI dws gurU jI dy nwl sI[ sMn 1659 ivc jdoN gurU hir rwie swihb jlwlpur j`tW qoN dburjI audY krn vwlI nUM gey sn qW auh kuJ idn ies dy Gr ivc vI Tihry sn[ ies dy pu`qr jgq rwie ny gurU jI dI bhuq syvw kIqI sI[ 11 Agsq 1664 dy idn jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwlI qW auh aucycw bkwlw ivc phuMicAw sI[ aus dy do poqy (pu`qr jgq rwie) gulyr dI lVweI (18 &rvrI 1696) ivc muZl &OjW nwl lVdy mwry gey sn[ pdm rwie dy pu`qr durgw dws nUM gurU jI ny ielwky dw msMd QwipAw hoieAw sI[ pdm rwie dw iek poqw Awlm isMG n`cxw gurU goibMd isMG jI dw ifEFI-brdwr sI. hor vyKo: Awlm isMG n`cxw, durgw dws.

iPrxw sUd

BweI iPrxw sUd gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: j`tU BtU vyiqAw, iPrxw sUd vfw sq BweI (vwr 11, pauVI 19).

iPrxw Kihrw

BweI iPrxw Kihrw gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY:iPrxw Kihrw, joDu isKu, jIvweI guru syv kmwvY (vwr 11, pauVI 14).

iPrxw bihl

BweI iPrxw bihl gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: iPrxw bihlu vKwxIAY, jyTw cMgw kul insqwry (vwr 11, pauVI 20).

iPrMdw, BweI

BweI iPrMdw ipMf BroAwxw (izlHw kpUrQlw ivc sulqwnpur qoN 16 iklomItr dUr) dw vwsI sI (ies dw nW Brovwl iliKAw vI imldw hY, jo ik Zlq hY)[ purwxIAW ilKqW muqæwibkæ auh rbwb swz vjwaux ivc mhwrq rKdw sI[ jdoN gurU nwnk swihb ny audwsIAW SurU kIqIAW sn qW aunHW ny BweI mrdwnw nUM ies qoN rbwb lY ky id`qI[ ieh vI irvwieq imldI hY ik ies ny BweI mrdwnw nUM rbwb vjwauxI isKweI sI Aqy aus nUM iek rbwb Byt vI kIqI sI[ ipMf BroAwxw ivc gurU swihb, BweI mrdwnw Aqy BweI iPrMdw dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw rbwbrsr bixAw hoieAw hY.

iPrw, BweI

BweI iPrw ktwrw gurU Amr dws jI dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ auh mIrpur (kSmIr) dy ielwky dw rihx vwlw sI[ aus dI ieh is&q sI ik auh bVI im`TI Awvwz ivc g`l kirAw krdw sI; Aqy, aus dw ieh AMdwz lokW nUM aus v`l iKc lYNdw sI[ aus ny mIrpur Aqy kSmIr dy hor bhuq swry ielwky ivc is`KI dw bhuq prcwr kIqw sI[ aus ny ielwky ivc keI QWeIN is`KI dIAW DrmswlwvW kwiem kIqIAW sn.

&Ojw isMG mrwQn

&Ojw isMG dw jnm pihlI ApRYl 1911 dy idn ipMf ibAws (izlHw jlMDr) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh cwrW BrwvW ivcoN sB qoN Cotw sI[ auh eynw pqlw qy kmzor sI ik aus dI A`l ‘fMfw’ peI hoeI sI[ auh pMj swl dI aumr qk tur vI nhIN skdw sI[ pr ies mgroN aus nUM dOVn dw SOk pY igAw sI Aqy skUl ivc Aqy mgroN vI dOVn ivc Aksr A`vl rihMdw irhw sI[ sMn 1990ivAW ivc auh ieMglYNf Aw igAw sI[ Agsq 1994 ivc aus dy pMjvyN pu`qr kuldIp isMG dI mOq ho geI sI[ pihlW sMn 1992 ivc aus dI pqnI Aqy DI vI mr cukIAW sn[ sMn 1995 ivc aus ny dOVn dw SOk muV SurU kr ilAw sI[ sMn 2000 ivc (89 swl dI aumr ivc) aus ny lMfn dI pihlI mYrwQn dOV ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ aus dy koc muqæwibkæ auh 20 iklomItr qk qW bVy Awrwm nwl dOV skdw sI[ sMn 2004 ivc (93 swl dI aumr ivc) aus ny mYrwQn dOV ivc pUrw ih`sw ilAw sI; aus ny ieh dOV 6 GMty 54 imMt ivc pUrI kIqI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw 16 AkqUbr 2011 dy idn aus ny knyfw ivc trWto vwtr&rMt mYrwQn 8 GMty 11 imMt ivc pUrI kIqI sI[ 24 &rvrI 2013 dy idn aus ny hWgkWg ivc 10 iklomItr dI dOV 1 GMtw 32 imMt qy 28 sYkMf ivc pUrI kIqI sI[ aus ny ieMglYNf ivc 9 mrwQn Aqy drjn hor dOVW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw knyfw, hWgkWg, mlySIAw qy pMjwb ivc vI dOVW dOV cukw sI[ 24 &rvrI 2013 dy idn aus ny Aw^rI dOV dOVI sI[ 2011 ivc ieMglYNf dI mhwrwxI ny aus nUM aus dy sO swlw jnm idn ’qy vDweI ByjI sI[ julweI 2012 ivc aus nUM ‘ElMipk twrc’ cu`kx dw mwx id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 2015 ivc aus nUM ibRitS AYmpwier mYfl nwl, invwijAw igAw sI[ &Ojw isMG dw k`d 5 Put 8 ieMc (1.72 mItr), Bwr 52 iklo hY[ auh SwkwhwrI hY; qlIAW cIzW nhIN KWdw[ &Ojw isMG dunIAW Br dy iKfwrIAW vwsqy iek imswl hY.

&qih isMG rwjw

&qh isMG (sMn 1792-1822), pu`qr rwjw Bwg isMG, dw jnm jINd ivc hoieAw sI[ Awpxy ipqw dI mOq mgroN ieh sMn 1819 ivc g`dI ’qy bYiTAw sI[ BwvyN ies ny isr& iqMn swl (16.6.1819 – 3.2.1822) hI rwj kIqw sI, pr ikauNik ies dy ipqw nUM ADrMg hox jwx kwrn aus dy ijaUNidAW vI ieh irAwsq dw pRbMD iehI krdw irhw sI[ ies ny keI ivAwh kIqy sn, pr ies dw isr& iek pu`qr sMgq isMG sI, jo ies dI mOq smyN nwbwlZ sI.

&qih isMG swihbzwdw

swihbzwdw &qh isMG (27.1.1698- 12.12.1705), mwqw jIq kOr dI ku`K qoN, gurU goibMd isMG jI dw sB qoN Cotw bytw sI[ aus dw jnm c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur) ivc hoieAw sI Aqy auh jnm qoN lY ky 5 dsMbr 1705 qIk au~Qy hI irhw sI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq ƒ gurU goibMd isMG jI ny AnMdpur C`ifAw qW auh AwpxI dwdI mwqw gujrI dy nwl sI[ aus nUM aus dy Brw zorwvr isMG Aqy dwdI dy nwl 8 dsMbr dy idn shyVI ipMf qoN igR&qwr kr ky srhMd iljw ky &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn A`gy pyS kIqw igAw sI[ vzIr ^wn ny aunHW nUM kwzI koloN muslmwn bx jwx dI sUrq ivc irhw krn dI pySkS krvweI[ pr aunHW v`loN nWh krn ’qy aunHW nUM ^qm krn dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw igAw[ ‘kQw gurU ky suqn kI’ dy lyKk du`nw isMG muqæwibkæ jdoN aunHW nUM srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn kol pyS kIqw igAw qW TMF nwl aunHW dy n`k dIAW TofrIAW lwl ho geIAW sn; bulH nIly pY cuky sn Aq h`Q byhwl ho gey sn[ 10 dsMbr nUM swihbzwidAW nUM qUq dI KmcI (pqlI sotI) nwl mwirAw igAw sI[ ies nwl aunHW dw mws auBr igAw sI Aqy srIr ’qy inSwn pY gey sn[ Agly idn 11 dsMbr nUM aunHW nUM ip`pl nwl bMnH ky gulyly mwry gey sn[ aunW dIAW auNglW ivc pulIqy r`K ky A`g lweI geI sI ijs nwl aunHW dy h`QW dI cmVI sV geI sI[

Agly idn 12 dsMbr 1705 dy idn, svw pihr idn cVHy, dohW b`icAW nUM nIhW ivc icx id`qw igAw[ pr CyqI hI dIvwr F“T geI qy b`cy if`g pey[ auh Ajy ijaUNdy sn[ ies ’qy vzIr ^wn ny ienHW dohW dIAW grdnW k`t dyx dw hukm dy id`qw sI[ smwxy dy do j`lwdW SwSl byZ Aqy bwSl byZ ny aunHW nUM AwpixAW goifAW Q`ly lw ilAw sI Aqy aunHW dIAW swh dIAW nlIAW k`t ky mOq dy Gwt auqwr id`qw sI[ zorvwr isMG dw swh qW do FweI imMt ivc hI bMd ho igAw, pr &qh isMG dy pYr A`DI GVI (qkrIbn 12 imMt) ihldy rhy sn qy iPr aunHW pYrW dI hrkq vI bMd ho geI sI[ ieh kql qkrIbn pOxy XwrW Aqy swFy XwrW dy ivckwr kIqy gey sn. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: zorwvr isMG swihbzwdw.

swihbzwdw &qh isMG (iek klwkwr dI klpnw bwbw Atl dIAW qsvIrW qoN)

&qih isMG prmwr

12 meI 1710 dy idn cpV-icVI ivc ShId hox vwilAW ivc BweI Pqih isMG vI Swiml sI[ Pqih isMG BweI audY isMG dy s`qW pu`qrW ivcoN qIjy nMbr ’qy sI[ BweI mnI isMG dy poqy, BweI mweI dws dy pVpoqy nUM jUJx Aqy ShIdI dI guVHqI Awpxy Kwndwn dy drjnW ShIdW qoN imlI sI[ aus dw ipqw audY isMG, do qwey, do cwcy, dwdw Aqy hor keI bVy nzdIkI irSqydwr gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy drbwrI is`K rhy sn[

Pqih isMG qlvwrW dI CW hyT jvwn hoieAw sI[ aus dIAW rgW ivc prmwr rwjpUq Kwndwn dw KUn dOV irhw sI jo aus dI bhwdrI, dlyrI Aqy jzbwq nUM roSn kr irhw sI[ auh iek jMg-jU nOjvwn sI Aqy qlvwr clwaux ivc auh AwpxI imswl Awp hI sI[ Pqih isMG nUM AnMdpur swihb jw ky keI vwr gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy drSn krn dw mwn hwisl ho cukw sI[ aus dy ipqw Aqy hor keI irSqydwr gurU swihb dy kol hI irhw krdy sn ies kr ky aus nUM gurU swihb dy nyVy rihx dw bVw mOkw imilAw sI[ aus ny qlvwr clwaux dI jwc AnMdpur swihb ivc rih ky hwisl kIqI sI[ auh Awpxy Brw mihbUb isMG, Pqih isMG qy Albyl isMG vWg holw-mh`lw dy mOky ’qy gqkw Aqy qlvwr bwzI dy mukwbilAW ivc ih`sw ilAw krdw sI[ meI qoN dsMbr 1705 smyN AnMdpur swihb dy Gyry smyN auh Awpxy ipMf ivc hI sI[

jdoN bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr ny pMjwb nUM muglW qoN Awzwd krvwaux dI jdo-jihd SurU kIqI qW aus ny swry pwsy is`KW nUM pYgwm Byjy sn, aus dw Aijhw pYgwm ipMf AlIpur ivc vI pu`jw sI[ pMQ dI syvw krn dw cwA Pqih isMG nUM pihly hI sI[ aus ny Awpxy GridAW nUM AwKrI Pqih bulweI Aqy bwbw bMdw isMG nwl Swiml hox vwsqy cl ipAw sI[ jdoN auh Aqy aus dy Brw mihbUb isMG, Albyl isMG, myhr isMG qy bwG isMG bwbw bMdw isMG dy kYNp ivc pu`jy qW bMdw isMG aunHW nUM j`PI ivc lY ky imilAw sI[ jdoN Kwlsw POjW nUM pqw l`gw ik SwhI it`bI ’qy ShId hox vwly audY isMG dw bytw vI aunHW nwl Aw imilAw hY qW aunHW ny jYkwirAW nwl aus nUM jI AwieAW AwiKAw sI[ BweI Pqih isMG ny smwxw Aqy hor lVweIAW ivc idlo-jwn qoN ih`sw ilAw sI[ ApRYl 1710 qk Kwlsw POjW bhuq swrw ielwkw m`l ky hiQAwrW dw coKw v`fw ^zwnw kwbU kr cu`kIAW sn[ ies mgroN aunHW ny srhMd v`l mUMh kIqw sI[ srhMd ’qy kbjw krn vwsqy 12 meI 1710 dy idn cpV icVI ivc bVI zbrdsq jMg hoeI sI[ (jMg bwry q&sIl jwxn vwsqy vyKo: c`pV icVI dI lVweI)[ ies jMg ivc muZl &Oj dy hzwrW ispwhI mwry gey Aqy sYNkVy isMG vI ies mOky ’qy mwry gey sn[ mwry jwx vwilAW ivc ieh nOjvwn Pqih isMG vI Swiml sI[

Pqih isMG SwdI-Sudw sI[ aus dw iek bytw eISr isMG sI[ eISr isNMG dw vI A`goN iek bytw bylw isMG sI[ ienHW dohW ny vI Kwlsw POjW dI idlo-jwn qoN syvw kIqI sI[ Pqih isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhI BwdsoN, prgnw bwnysr ivc imldw hY.

&qh isMG mukqw

BweI &qh isMG (pwhul qoN pihlW &qh/&qy cMd) aunHW pMj is`KW ivcoN iek sI ijhVy AnMdpur swihb ivc sIs Byt kOqk vyly gurU goibMd isMG jI v`loN pMj isr mMgx ’qy Awpxw isr Byt krn vwly pMj ipAwirAW qoN mgroN isr Byt krn vwsqy KVHy hoey sn[ ienHW pMjW nUM gurU jI ny ‘pMj mukqy’ dw nW id`qw sI (bwkI cwr ieh sn: dyvw isMG, rwm isMG, tihl isMG, eISr isMG, &qh isMG)[ &qh isMG ny 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn cmkOr ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ &qh isMG bwry vDyry vyrvw nhIN imldw, pr eynw izkr zrUr imldw hY ik auh ipMf Kurdpur, mWgt (p`CmI pMjwb) dw rihx vwlw sI.

&qih isMG gMgwngr (sMq)

Pqih isMG (27.10.1911 – 30.10.1972), pu`qr cMnx isMG, dw jnm ipMf bidAwl (izlHw biTMfw) ivc hoieAw sI[ jd auh v`fw hoieAw sI qW aus dy ipqw ny aus nUM igAwnI eISr isMG syKw kol Byj id`qw sI ij`Qy aus ny gurbwxI Aqy is`K ieiqhwws dI pVHweI kIqI sI[ auh keI swl au~Qy irhw sI[ mgroN auh bu`Fw jOhV (izlHw gMgwngr, rwijsQwn) clw igAw sI, ij`Qy aus ny su`Kw isMG mihqwb isMG dI Xwd ivc bxy gurduAwry dI syvw sMBwl leI sI[ aus ny gMgwngr dy ielwky ivc skUl qy gurduAwry bxwey sn ijs nwl ielwky ivc aus dI mwnqw bx geI sI[ pr, aus ny Awpxy hYfkuAwrtrz bu`Fw jOhV ivc hI r`Ky sn[ sMn 1948 ivc auh SRomxI AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ sMn 1959 ivc aus nUM AkwlI dl dw mIq pRDwn bxw id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1960 ivc jdoN pMjwbI sUbw morcw l`gw qy AkwlI dl dy pRDwn mwstr qwrw isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qW ies nUM morcy dw ifktytr QwipAw igAw sI[ 29 meI 1960 qoN SurU hoieAw morcw Cy mhIny qk cldw irhw sI[ ies mgroN Pqh isMG ny mrn vrq dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ aus ny 18 dsMbr 1960 dy idn mrn vrq r`iKAw Aqy 9 jnvrI 1961 dy idn pRDwn mMqrI pMifq jvwhr lwl nihrU vloN imly Brosy mgroN KolH id`qw sI[ ies mgroN aus dI mulwkwq pMifq nihrU nwl heI sI[ nihrU ny Pqh isMG nUM mwstr qwrw isMG qoN lIfriSp Kohx vwsqy auqswihq kIqw sI Aqy pUrI ^u&IAw mdd dyx dw vwAdw kIqw sI[ ieDr pMjwb ivc vI pRqwp isMG kyroN ny Pqh isMG dw pUrw swQ id`qw sI[ ies dy nwl hI jnsMG (hux BwrqI jnqw pwrtI) qy kimaUinstW ny vI Pqh isMG dw swQ id`qw sI Aqy julweI 1962 ivc aus ny Awpxw vKrw AkwlI dl kwiem kr ilAw sI[ iesy swl Pqh isMG ny SRomxI gurduAwrw prbMDk kmytI ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI qy Awpxy iek swQI cMnx isMG nUM ies dw pRDwn bxw id`qw sI[ sMn 1965 dIAW gurduAwrw coxW ivc aus ny SRomxI gurduAwrw prbMDk kmytI ’qy p`kw kbzw kwiem kr ilAw sI[ Pqih isMG- cMnx isMG dy pRbMD hyT SRomxI gurduAwrw prbMDk kmytI dy pRbMD ivc burI qrHw inGwr Awauxw SurU ho igAw sI[ sMn 1967 ivc pMjwb AsYNblI dIAW coxW ivc aus dy dl dy 24 mYNbr cox ij`qy sn[ jsits gurnwm isMG muK mMqrI bixAw sI[ Pqh isMG nUM muqæwibkæ ivc ilAwayux ivc v`fw rol lCmx isMG ig`l dw sI, pr Pqh isMG hux aus dI prvwh nhIN krdw sI[ ies hwlq ivc lCmx isMG ig`l ny bZwvq kr ky AwpxI srkwr bxw leI sI[ sMn 1968 ivc Pqh isMG qy mwstr qwrw isMG AkwlI dl ivc eykqw ho geI sI[ sMn 1968 ivc lCmx isMG dI srkwr if`g peI qW dobwrw coxW hoeIAW ijs ivc sWJy AkwlI dl ny iPr srkwr kwiem kIqI sI[jsits gurnwm isMG dobwrw muK mMqrI bixAw sI[ sMn 1971 ivc Pqh isMG dI jsits gurnwm isMG nwl vI ivgV geI sI qy aus ny pRkwS isMG bwdl nUM muK mMqrI bxw id`qw sI[ jdoN bwdl dy i^lw& kurpSn dy doS l`gy qW aus nUM AsqI&w dyxw ipAw sI[ ies dy nwl hI AkwlI dl ivc Put pY geI sI, ijs dw pwrtI nUM v`fw nukswn audoN hoieAw sI jdoN lok sBw dIAW (sMn 1971 dIAW) coxW ivc AkwlI dl 13 ivcoN isr& iek sIt ijq sikAw sI[ sMn 1972 ivc pMjwb AsYNblI dIAW nvIAW coxW hoeIAW sn[ ienHW coxW ivc AkwlI dl nUM bhuq zbrdsq hwr hoeI sI[ ies mgroN pwrtI ivc Pqh isMG dI bhuq ivroDqw hox lg peI sI[ A^Ir aus ny AkwlI dl dI pRDwngI qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw sI qy bu`Fw johV clw igAw sI[ Awpxy Awp nUM zlIl hoieAw mihsUs krdw auh kuJ hI h&iqAW mgroN ies dunIAW qoN tur igAw sI.

&qih isMG BweIkw

BweI &qih isMG BweI BgqU pirvwr nwl sbMD rKdy sn[ jdoN bMdw isMG bhwdur ny muZlW qoN pMjwb nUM Awzwd krvwaux dI j`dojihd SurU kIqI sI qW aus ny ies ivc ft ky swQ id`qw sI[ 26 nvMbr 1709 dy idn bMdw isMG bhwdur ny smwxw ngr ’qy hmlw kr ky ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ smwxy ’qy kbzy ivc sB qoN vD ih`sw &qih isMG dw sI[ bMdw isMG ny &qih isMG ƒ smwxw dw &Ojdwr qwienwq kr id`qw sI Aqy kuJ &Oj aus leI rIzrv rK ky Agly AYkSn dI iqAwrI SurU kr idqI sI[ ies mgroN vI swrI muihMm ivc &qh isMG bMdw isMG dy moFy nwl moFw joV ky lVdw irhw sI[

Agsq 1713 dy dUjy h&qy ivc is`K &OjW ny BweI &qih isMG dI AgvweI ivc bloh dy ielwky ivc muihMm SurU kIqI hoeI sI[ kSmIr dy sUbydwr dI &Oj ny bloh dy rwjy dI &Oj nwl iml ky is`K &OjW ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ is`K &OjIAW ny BwrI &Oj vyK ky jMgl ivc Cupx dI koiSS kIqI sI pr muZl &OjW dw Gyrw bVw zbrdsq sI[ A^Ir dohW iDrW ivc zbrdsq jMg hoeI sI[ ies jMg ivc sYNkVy muZl ispwhI Aqy iek hzwr is`K vI, sxy &qih isMG dy, mwry gey gey sn[&qih isMG dw isr v`F ky kSmIr sUby dy nwieb (ifptI) muhMmd AlI ^wn ƒ ByijAw igAw sI[ ies dI ^br bwdSwh &r`^sIAr ƒ 16 Agsq ƒ imlI[ aus ny ies nwieb sUbydwr dw mnsb 5 sO zwq qy iek sO svwr vDw idqw sI.

&qh isMG AwhlUvwlIAw

rwjw &qh isMG (1784- 20.10.1837), pu`qr rwjw Bwg isMG dw jnm kpUQlw ivc hoieAw sI[ ipqw dI moq mgroN ieh 10 julweI 1801 dy idn q^q ’qy bYiTAw sI[ aus dw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nwl p`g-v`t Brw vwlw irSqw bx igAw sI[ aus ny rxjIq isMG dIAW keI muihMmW ivc ihsw ilAw sI, ijnHW ivcoN muK ieh sn: ksUr (1802-03), kWgVw (1809), mulqwn (1818), kSmIr (1819), mnkyrw (1821)[ sMn 1806 ivc mrh`tw XSvMq rwE holkr Aqy lwrf lyk ivc smJqw iesy ny krvwieAw sI[ sMn 1825 ivc ies dy Aqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ivckwr sbMD ivgV gey sn; ies nUM l`igAw sI ik rxjIq isMG ies dI irAwsq nUM Awpxy rwj ivc imlwauxw cwhuMdw hY[ ies hwlq ivc ieh Awpxy sqluj pwrly ielwky ivc clw igAw sI[ ies dy jwx mgroN rxjIq isMG ny ies dI irAwsq ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1827 dohW ivc Zlq-&ihmI dUr ho geI qW ieh vwips Aw igAw sI[ rxjIq isMG ny ies nUM sB kuJ moV id`qw sI qy lwhOr s`d ky mwn snmwn vI kIqw sI[

ies hyT kpurQlw Aqy PgvwVw qoN ielwvw sqluj dirAw dy dUjy pwsy vI bhuq swrw ielwkw sI[ sMn 1836 ivc aus dI swlwnw Awmdn 16 l`K rupY sI.

&qih Swh (gVHvwl)

&qh Swh (sMn 1655-1716), pu`qr rwjw mydnI Swh, pMvwr rwjpUq, tIhrI-gVHvwl dw rwjw sI (iek QW aus dw nW &qih cMd iliKAw vI imldw hY)[ auh sMn 1684 ivc rwjw bixAw sI (hor QW ieh swl hor vI ilKy hn)[ &qh Swh ny Awpxy smyN ivc iqbq qy vI hmlw kIqw sI qy kuJ ielwky ’qy kbzw vI kIqw sI[ aus ny sMn 1692 ivc shwrnpur ’qy hmlw kIqw sI, pr seIAd AlI ny aus nUM hwr id`qI sI[ sMn 1698 aus ny kumwaUN dy rwjw igAwn cMd nwl t`kr leI sI; sMn 1701 qy 1703 ivc vI dohW irAwsqW dIAW &OjW Awps ivc iBVIAW sn[ sMn 1708 ivc rwjw jgq cMd rwjw kumwaUN ny ies nUM burI qrHw hrwieAw sI Aqy ies dI rwjDwnI sRIngr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ieh hwr Kw ky B`j igAw sI[ sMn 1710 ivc ieh sRIngr ’qy dobwrw kwbz ho igAw sI[ ies dy mrn mgroN ies dw v`fw pu`qr aupyNdr Swh rwjw bixAw sI, pr iek swl mgrON hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI Aqy aus dw Brw prdIp Swh rwjw bixAw sI[

&qih Swh dw is`KW nwl sbMD 18 sqMbr 1888 dI BMgwxI dI lVweI qoN SurU hoieAw sI[ ies ny rwm rwie dy msMd gurb^S (jo is`KW dw ivroDI bx igAw sI) dI cu`k ivc Aw ky ibnw kwrn qoN pwaUNtw ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI, pr burI qrHw hwr Kw ky muiVAw sI[ &qh Swh dw is`KW nwl dUjI vwrI sbMD sMn 1710 ivc bixAw sI jdoN ies ny bMdw isMG bhwdur nwl nyVqw bxw leI sI Aqy muZlW dy i^lw& aus dw swQ id`qw sI[ ieh Awm crcw irhw hY ik ies dI DI iblwspur (kihlUr) dw rwjy BIm cMd dy pu`qr Ajmyr cMd nwl ivAwhI hoeI sI, pr ies dw koeI sbUq nhIN imldw; ikauNik jy Aijhw huMdw qW sqMbr 1688 ivc gurU goibMd isMG v`loN pwaUNtw ivc &qh Swh nNUM hrwaux ngroN iblwspur dw rwjw BIm cMd gurU jI nUM AwpxI irAwsq ivc muV Awaux vwsqy nw kihMdw.

&qih kOr

rwxI &qih kOr pitAwly dy bwnI rwjw bwbw Awlw isµG dI GrvwlI sI[ aus nUM ipAwr nwl (jW eIrKw vjoN) mweI P`qo vI iliKAw imldw hY[ bwbw Awlw isMG bwry iek lok gIq ivc ieh nW AwauNdw hY:

auhI bwlw Awlw[ P`qo dw Grvwlw[
ijn vswieAw pitAwlw[

bIbI &qih kOr BweI Kwny dI bytI sI[ kwlyky ipµf sµgrUr izlHy dw ipµf hY[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ kwlyky dy BweI Kwny ny, jdoN ieh lVkI pYdw hoeI sI qW zmIn ivc fUµGw toAw putw ky ijaUNdI hI d`b id`qI sI[ aus vyly ies ielwky ivc iek BweI idAwl dws nwm dw swDU sI[ ies ny lokW ƒ ikhw ik auh r`b dI mrzI dy iKlw& ikauN ieh hrkq kr rhy ho[ aus vyly toieAw KoidAw igAw qy ivcoN b`cI ijauNdI jwgdI hoeI inklI sI[ sMn 1707 ivc bIbI Pqih kOr dI SwdI (rwjw) Awlw isµG nwl hoeI jo pitAwlw irAwsq dw moFI rwjw sI[ bIbI &qih kOr dy Gr iqµn pu`qr (srdUl isµG, BUrIAw isµG qy lwl isµG) pYdw hoey sn[ iek lVkI bIbI prDwn kOr pYdw hoeI sI[

bIbI &qih kOr dI bytI bIbI prDwn kOr dI SwdI bwbw bu`Fw jI dI pµjvIN pIVHI BweI rwm kuier AQvw BweI gurbKS isµG jI dy byty mohr isµG nwl hoeI sI[ ies dy Gr Swm isµG pu`qr pYdw hoieAw sI[

bIbI &qih kOr bhuq suGV isAwxI AOrq sI[ Awpxy pqI dy rwj pRbMD ivc aus dw bhuq rol huMdw sI[ iek vwr aus ny Awpxy poqy rwjw Amr isMG dI jwn vI bcweI sI Aqy PUlkIAW irAwsq vI[ sMn 1767 dy hmly vyly Aihmd Swh du`rwnI jd srhMd kol pu`jw qW pitAwly dw rwjw Amr isMG (rwxI &qih kOr dw poqw) aus kol pyS hoieAw[ aus ny Amr isMG qoN aus ny 9 l`K rupY qwvwn dI mMg kIqI sI, jo auh nhIN dy sikAw sI[ ies kr ky aus ny rwjw Amr isMG ƒ kYd kr ilAw sI[ ies mOky ‟qy Aihmd Swh ny Awpxy puqr zwbqw ^wn ƒ srhMd dw sUbydwr bxwaux dw PYslw kIqw hoieAw sI[ jd aus dI dwdI mweI &qih kOr (pqnI mhwrwjw Awlw isMG) ƒ ieh pqw lgw qW aus ny id`lI dy vzIr Swh vlI ^wn qk phuMc kIqI sI qy aus ƒ kImqI qoh&y dy ky Amr isMG dI irhweI vwsqy mnw ilAw sI[ vzIr ny Aihmd Swh ƒ smJwieAw ik koeI A&gwn sUbydwr aus ielwky ivc Amn nhIN rK skygw[ A&Zwn sUbydwr nUM is`K XkInn mwr dyxgy[ isr& Amr isMG hI ie`QoN dI sUbydwrI kr skygw; qy nwly auh swfw v&wdwr vI rhygw[ A^Ir Aihmd Swh ƒ smJ Aw geI qy aus ny Amr isMG ƒ srhMd dI sUbydwrI sONp ky „rwjw-ie-rwjgW‟ dw i^qwb vI dy idqw [ ies ‟qy pitAwly rwjy ny Awpxy Awp ƒ “Amr isMG bmzeI” ilKxw SurU kr idqw[ (ikauNik Amr isMG ƒ irhw krvwaux vwlw vzIr, Swh vlI ^wn, „bmzeI‟ kbIly ivcoN sI).

&r^sIAr

ieh AOrMgzyb dw pVpoqw, bhwdur Swh dw poqw Aqy Aqy AzImauSwn dw pu`qr sI[ bhwdr Swh dI mOq (27-28 &rvrI 1712) mgroN mwrc 1712 ivc q^q ‟qy kbzw krn vwsqy hoeI ^UnI jMg ivc 3 mwrc 1712 dy idn ies dw ipqw AzImauSwn mwirAw igAw sI Aqy jhWdwr Swh bwdSwh bixAw sI[auDr 27 mwrc 1712 dy idn ptnw ivc AzImauSwn dy ies pu`qr &r`^sIAr ny ^ud dy bwdSwh hox dw AYlwn kr idqw sI[ jd ieh ^br jhWdwr Swh qk pu`jI sI qW aus ny Sihzwdw Az-aud-dIn ƒ &Oj dy ky &r`^sIAr ƒ szw dyx vwsqy Byj idqw sI[ dUjy pwsy &r`^sIAr ny vI id`lI ‟qy kbzw krn dI iqAwrI SurU kr id`qI sI[ies mOky ‟qy husYn AlI ^wn ibhwr sUby dw nwieb sUbydwr sI[ &r`^sIAr v`loN bwdSwhq dw AYlwn krn vyly husYn AlI ^wn ptnw ivc nhIN sI[ ies smyN &r`^sIAr dI mW husYn AlI ^wn dI mW kol geI sI qy aus nUM ikhw ik auh Awpxy pu`qr nUM &r`^sIAr dI mdd krn vwsqy AwKy[ aus ny ikhw ik husYn AlI qy aus dy Brw Abdu`lw ^wn (kuqb-aul-mulk) nUM srkwrI Ahudy &r`^sIAr dy bwp ny hI idvwey sn ies kr ky aunHW nUM vI swfI mdd krnI cwhIdI hY[ pihlW qW husYn AlI ^wn dI mW ny koeI vwAdw nw kIqw pr jd aus ny roxw-ip`txw qy imMnqW krnIAW SurU kIqIAW qW auh mMn geI sI[

kuJ idnW bwAd husYn AlI vI ptnw phuMc igAw[ hux &r`^sIAr mW nUM lY ky aus kol pu`jw qy kihx l`gw ik jw qW mYnUM igR&qwr kr ky bwdSwh kol Byj idE jW bwdSwhq idvwE[ mYN hkUmq dI Asl vwgfor quhwnUM sONp idAWgw[ aus ny do v`fy Ahudy: &Oj dw muKI (husYn AlI nUM) Aqy b^sI dw Ahudw (Abdu`lw ^wn nUM) dyxy mMn ley sn[ mgroN Abdu`lw ^wn (jo Alwhwbd dw nwieb sUbydwr sI) vI mMn igAw sI[

jd &r`^sIAr ny Abdulw ^wn Aqy seIAd husYn AlI ^wn ƒ Awpxy nwl rlw ilAw sI qW nvMbr ivc auh &Oj lY ky id`lI vl cl ipAw sI[ 17 nvMbr 1712 dy idn auh Awgrw nyVy SwmUgVH dy mYdwn ivc puj cukw sI[ ie`Qy jhWdr Swh dy keI jrnYl bhwny nwl id`lI ‟coN iKsk ky &r`^sIAr nwl Aw imly sn[ &r`^sIAr kol 40-50 hzwr svwr qy BwrI qopwKwnw sI[ pr mINh Aqy TMf ny lVweI twl idqI sI[ 31 dsMbr ƒ jdoN mINh kuJ m`Tw ipAw qW &wruKsIAwr ny hmlw kr idqw sI[ pihly h`ly ivc hI koklqwS ^wn mwirAw igAw sI qy „rusqim ihMd‟ z^mI ho igAw[ Swm vyly jhWdwr ^wn Awp vI n`s igAw sI[ &r`^sIAr 31 jnvrI 1713 ƒ id`lI puj igAw sI Aqy Asd ^wn dy mihl ivc luk igAw sI[ pr, Asd ^wn ny &r`^sIAr nUM bwdSwh jhWdwr Swh dy lukx dI QW bwry ds idqw sI[

&r^sIAr ny sY& ^wn ƒ jhWdwr Swh qy zul&dwr ^wn dy isr v`F ky ilAwaux vwsqy ikhw sI[ ieM\ 31 jnvrI 1713 ƒ iek hor bwdSwh mwirAw igAw sI Aqy iek nvW bwdSwh &r`^sIAr id`lI dy q^q ‟qy kwbz ho igAw sI[ &r`^sIAr ny bwdSwh bxn qoN mgroN sB qoN pihlW qW Awpxy mu^wil&W ƒ szwvW qy Awpxy ihmwieqIAW nUM eInwm dyx dw kMm SurU kIqw sI[ ies qoN bwAd aus dI sB qoN Aihm muihMm is`KW ƒ dbwauxw sI[ 2 mwrc nUM &r`^sIAr v`loN rwjw AjIq isMh (joDpur) qy jY isMh svweI (jYpur-AMbyr) nUM pMj-hzwrI, pMj hzwr svwr dw mnsb b^Sy jwx dI ^uS^brI ByjI geI sI[

(drAsl AjIq isMh joDpurIey ny AwpxI DI &r`^sIAr nUM dyxI mMn leI sI[ mgroN 6 julweI nUM seIAd husYn AlI ^wn ies kuVI dw folw lY ky joDpur qoN AlIvrd dI srW ivc phuMc igAw sI[ 13 sqMbr nUM ieh rwjkumwrI id`lI phuMcI sI ij`Qy 17 sqMbr nUM bwdSwh dI mW ny aus nUM klmw pVHw ky muslmwnI bxwieAw qy SwhI kwzI ny aus dI mMgxI dI rsm Adw kIqI sI)[ jd ieh SwdI hoeI qW &ru^sIAwr ^UnI bvwsIr kwrn bImwr sI[ ies kr ky auh AjIq isMh dI DI nwl do mhIny qk syj ‟qy nhIN jw sikAw sI[ (aus dw ielwj iek AMgryz fwktr ivlIAm hYimltn ny kIqw qy bMgwl ivc AMgryzW vwsqy kstm ifaUtI muAw& krvweI sI)[ &r`^sIAr dy kql mgroN aus nUM aus dy bwp ny 16 julweI 1719 nUM &r`^sIAwr dy hrm ‟coN „Awzwd‟ krvwieAw sI Aqy aus nUM iPr ihMdU bxw ky, aus dI swrI dOlq sxy joDpur lY igAw sI[ ies dI muslmwnW ny bVI mu^wl&q kIqI pr vzIr Abdu`lw ^wn ny rwjw AjIq isMh dI pUrI mdd kr ky aus dI DI nUM mih&Uz au~QoN kFvw id`qw sI)[

&r`^sIAr dy kwl ivc hI bMdw isMG bhwdur gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc 90 hzwr qoN vD SwhI &OjW dy Gyry ivc Aw igAw sI[ 8 mhIny dy Gyry dOrwn hux aunHW kol Kwx vwsqy hvw qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN sI[ auh B`uK nwl inFwl ho gey sn qy aunW ivc ih`lx-ju`lx jogI siqAw vI nhIN sI rhI[ A^Ir, jd keI idnW qk gVHI ‟coN koeI ihljul nw hoeI qW muZl &OjW dy iek hjUm ny iek dm h`lw bol id`qw[ A`gy ADmoey pey hoey do-cwr sO is`K nzr Awey, ijnHW ƒ aunHW ny “iZR&qwr” kr ilAw sI[ &r`^sIAr dI ieh bVI v`fI kwmXwbI sI[

&r`^sIAr, jo Awpxy qwey Aqy ccyry BrwvW dy kqlW mgroN bwdSwh bixAw sI qy ijs ny bMdw isMG bhwdur ƒ zwlmwnw qsIhy dy ky ShId kIqw sI; ƒ vI auhI szw imlI sI jo aus ny Awpxy mu^wil&W vwsqy im`QI hoeI sI[ 28 &rvrI 1719 dy idn (bMdw isMG dI ShIdI qoN pOxy iqMn swl mgroN) aunHW dohW s`Xd BrwvW (ijMnHW ny aus ƒ q^q idvwieAw sI) ny hI aus ƒ, pihlW dohW A`KW qoN AMnHw kr idqw sI[ (iPr ies qoN do mhIny mgroN 27 AprYl ƒ aus ƒ mwr vI idqw sI)[ &r`KsIAr qoN mgroN bhwdr Swh dw poqw qy r&I-auS-Swn dw pu`qr Sms-aud-dIn (r&I-aud-Arjwq) 8 meI 1719 dy idn bwdSwh bxwieAw igAw sI.

&rId, Sy^

SyK &rId msaUd SkrgMj (4.4.1179-7.5.1266), pu`qr Sy^ jmwl-aud-dIn sulYmwn, dw jnm mwqw mrIAm (klsUm) dI ku`K qoN mulqwn dy nyVy ipMf koTIvwl (hux cwvlI mSwiek) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dy jnm dw sMn 1173 iliKAw vI imldw hY)[ &rId 16 swl dI aumr ivc h`j krn vwsqy m`kw igAw sI[ au~QoN Awaux mgroN ieh ieslwmI ividAw hwisl krn vwsqy kwbl clw igAw sI[ ie`Qy ies dw myl ^Íwjw kuqubdIn kwkI nwl hoieAw Aqy &rId aus dw cylw bx igAw sI Aqy aus dy nwl id`lI clw igAw sI[ &rId kuJ smW hWsI Aqy srsw ivc vI irhw sI[ kwkI dI mOq mgroN ies ny AjoDn (hux pwk ptn) ivc Awpxw fyrw kwiem kIqw sI; hux lok aus nUM SY^ &rId kihx lg pey sn[ SY^ &rId ny Awpxy smyN ivc ieslwm dw bhuq prcwr kIqw sI Aqy hzwrW ihMdUAW nUM muslmwn bxwieAw sI[ SY^ &rId dy cwr ivAwh hoey sn; ies dIAW bIvIAW ivcoN iek id`lI dy bwdSwh nwisr-aud-dIn dI bytI hzbrw vI sI[ ies dy Gr pMj pu`qr Aqy iqMn DIAW ny jnm ilAw sI[ies dI mOq mgroN ies dI g`dI ’qy ies dw v`fw pu`qr bdr-aud-dIn sulYmwn bYiTAw sI[ SY^ &rId dI g`dI ’qy bYTx vwly XwrHvyN g`dIdwr Sy^ bRhm (iebrwhIm), ijs nUM &rId swnI (mOq sMn 1552) vI iliKAw imldw hY, dw myl gurU nwnk swihb nwl sMn 1507 dy Aw^rI idnW ivc hoieAw sI[ Sy^ &rId dy 134 slok gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hn[ kuJ lokW dw ivcwr hY ik ieh slok &rId dy XwrHvyN g`dIdwr &rId swnI ilKy hoey hn, pr ieh shI nhIN ikauNik ies ivc &rId kwiv-Cwp vrqI hY, jo Sy^ bRhm nhIN sI vrq skdw. hor vyKo: pwkptn.

Sy^ &rId dw iek kwlpink ic`qr

bUty Swh

ies dw Asl nW Zulwm muh`eI-aud-dIn sI[ ieh luiDAwxw ivc rihMdw sI Aqy brqwnvI hwkmW (ibRitS polItIkl eyjMsI) ivc muxSI (klrk) vjoN kMm krdw sI[ ieh brqwnvI A&srW dw eynw v&wdwr sI ik AkqUbr 1831 ivc jdoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ivlIAm bYNitMg nUM imlx igAw qW aus nUM ‘jI AwieAW’ kihx dI ifaUtI ies dI lweI geI sI[ mgroN sr jwrj r`sl klrk (sMn 1800-1899), jo gvrnr jnrl dw polItIkl eyjMt sI, ny ies nUM is`KW dw ieiqhws ilKx dI izMmydwrI sONpI sI (Awm mShUr hY ik kYptn mry ny ies nUM ieh ikqwb ilKx vwsqy qeInwq kIqw sI; drAsl kYptn m`ry ny rqn isMG BMgU koloN bUty Swh nUM is`K ieiqhws ilKx bwry sONpI izMmydwrI bwry g`l kIqI sI qW rqn isMG ny ikhw sI ik iek muslmwn hox dy nwqy bUty Swh is`KW nwl iensw& nhIN kr skygw; ies qy m`ry ny rqn isMG nUM vI is`K ieiqhws ilKx vwsqy ikhw sI)[ ies ny isr& is`KW hI nhIN blik swry pMjwb dw ieiqhws iliKAw sI[ ies dI ikqwb ‘qwrI^-ie-pMjwb’ sMn 1848 ivc CpI sI[ ies ikqwb dy pMj d&qr (kWf)) hn: pihly d&qr ivc ipRQvI rwj cOhwn qy hor ihMdU rwijAW dw ieiqhws hY; dUjy d&qr ivc ZznvI qoN AOrMgzyb qk dw pMjwb ivc muslmwnW dy rwj dw ieiqhws pyS kIqw hY; qIjy d&qr ivc is`K gurUAW bwry sMKyp jwxkwrI id`qI hY; cOQy d&qr ivc is`K imslW dIAW kwmXwbIAW Aqy is`KW dy rwj pRbMD Awid dw ieiqhws hY; pMjvyN d&qr (jo Awkwr ivc ies ikqwb dw A`Dy qoN vD ih`sw hY) ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy rwj bwry q&sIl nwl ieiqhws pyS kIqw hY[ pMjvyN d&qr bwry ikhw jw skdw hY ik ieh sohn lwl sUrI dI ‘aumdwq-auq-qvwrI^’ dI iek iksm dI nkl hI hY[

bUty Swh dI ies ikqwb ivc is`K ieiqhws bwry bhuq Zlq g`lW ilKIAW hoeIAW hn, ijs dw kwrn bUty Swh dw muslmwn hoxw qy is`KW nUM n&rq krnw vI ho skdw hY Aqy suxIAW-suxweIAW g`lW ilKxw vI ho skdw hY[ ies ny hI drbwr swihb dI nINh sWeIN mIAW mIr koloN rKvwey jwx dw JUTw pRcwr SurU kIqw sI[ bUty Swh ny is`K ieiqhws bwry bySk bhuq kuJ Zlq iliKAw hY, pr aus dI dUjI ikqwb ‘pMjwb dI jogrw&IAwXI qvwrI^’ ivc pMjwb dy ngrW bwry bhuq kImqI sm`grI imldI hY.

bUtw isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

` BweI bUtw isMG (? – 12.8.1915), pu`qr Syr isMG dw jnm ipMf AkwlgVH Kurd ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh kYnyfw clw igAw sI[ knyfw ivc jdoN Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI sI qW ieh aus dw srgrm mYNbr bx igAw sI[ jdoN ZdrI kwrkuMn hiQAwrbMd Gol krn vwsqy pMjwb Awauxy SurU hoey sI qW auh vI vqn nUM muV AwieAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny 2 meI 1915 dy idn iek mIitMg kIqI sI ijs ivc srkwrI AdwirAW ivcoN hiQAwr lu`tx dI Xojnw iqAwr kIqI geI sI[ 11-12 jUn 1915 dI rwq nUM aus ny swQIAW nwl iml ky mwnwvwlw cOkI dy kol v`lw pul dy nwky ’qy hmlw kr ky pulIs mulwzmW koloN 6 rweI&lW Aqy 200 kwrqUs Kohy sn[ aunHW dy ies hmly ivc 2 gwrf mwry gey sn[ AMgRyz srkwr ny ies hmly ivc Swiml lokW dI igR&qwrI vwsqy eInwm dyx dw AYlwn kIqw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN bUtw isMG igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ aus nUM fwkw mwrn qy kql kr dy doS ivc szw-ie-mOq id`qI geI sI[ aus nUM 12 Agsq 1915 dy idn lwhOr jyl ivc &WsI id`qI geI sI.

bUtw isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

BweI bUtw isMG (? – 12.8.1915), pu`qr Syr isMG dw jnm ipMf AkwlgVH Kurd ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh kYnyfw clw igAw sI[ knyfw ivc jdoN Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI sI qW ieh aus dw srgrm mYNbr bx igAw sI[ jdoN ZdrI kwrkuMn hiQAwrbMd Gol krn vwsqy pMjwb Awauxy SurU hoey sI qW auh vI vqn nUM muV AwieAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny 2 meI 1915 dy idn iek mIitMg kIqI sI ijs ivc srkwrI AdwirAW ivcoN hiQAwr lu`tx dI Xojnw iqAwr kIqI geI sI[ 11-12 jUn 1915 dI rwq nUM aus ny swQIAW nwl iml ky mwnwvwlw cOkI dy kol v`lw pul dy nwky ’qy hmlw kr ky pulIs mulwzmW koloN 6 rweI&lW Aqy 200 kwrqUs Kohy sn[ aunHW dy ies hmly ivc 2 gwrf mwry gey sn[ AMgRyz srkwr ny ies hmly ivc Swiml lokW dI igR&qwrI vwsqy eInwm dyx dw AYlwn kIqw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN bUtw isMG igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ aus nUM fwkw mwrn qy kql kr dy doS ivc szw-ie-mOq id`qI geI sI[ aus nUM 12 Agsq 1915 dy idn lwhOr jyl ivc &WsI id`qI geI sI.

bUtw isMG dIvwn

BweI bUtw isMG, pu`qr guridAwl isMG, dw jnm sMn 1826 ivc lwhOr ivc hoieAw sI[ auh rwxI ijMdw dw dIvwn sI[ ieh aus dIAW swrIAW kwrvweIAW ivc Swiml huMdw sI[ jdoN rwxI ijMdw nUM igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI qW ies nUM vI ihrwsq ivc lY ilAw igAw sI[ ies nUM s`q swl Alwhwbwd (pRXwgrwj) ivc kæYd r`iKAw igAw sI[ irhw hox mgroN auh lwhOr priqAw sI[ sMn 1866 ivc aus ny iek ipRMitMg pRY~s (Cwpw^wnw) SurU kIqI sI[ sMn 1872 ivc aus ny ‘Aw&qwb-ie-pMjwb’ nW dw h&qwvwrI A^bwr Cwpxw SurU kIqw sI[ auh mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM dobwrw q^q ’qy ibTwaux dI miuihMm dw ihmwieqI sI[ bUtw isMG nUM Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr dw pihlw pRDwn cuixAw igAw sI[

aus ny eIvwn bY~l dI ikqwb ‘AnY~ksySn Aw& pMjwb AYNf mhwrwjw dlIp isMG’ dw pMjwbI qrjmw CwipAw sI[ ies ikqwb ivc AMgRyzW v`loN mhwrwjw dlIp isMG kIqy D`ky dw ivsQwr nwl vyrvw id`qw hoieAw hY[ ies ikqwb dy Cpx mgroN pRo. gurmuK isMG ny ies nUM Kwlsw dIvwn ivcoN k`F id`qw sI (ikauNik gurmuK isMG AMgRyzW vwsqy AwpxI v&wdwrI S`kI nhIN sI bxwauxw cwhuMdw).

bUtw isMG vzIr

bUtw isMG (21.3. 1934 – 2.1.2021) dw jnm iek mzhbI pirvwr ivc ipMf musq&wpur (izlHw jlMDr) ivc hoieAw sI[ skUlI pVHweI mgroN ieh Kwlsw kwlj jlMDr ivc dw^l ho igAw sI[ kwlj dI ividAw qoN mgroN ieh nOkrI dI Bwl ivc sI[ mwstr qwrw isMG ny ies nUM piVHAw-iliKAw jwx ky mogw hlkw qoN lok sBw vwsqy AkwlI dl dI itkt ’qy AYm.pI. bxw id`qw sI[ mgroN ieh vzIr bxn dI ^wihS kwrn kWgrs ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ sMn 1967 ivc ieh ropV hlkw qoN kWgrs itkt ’qy cuixAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN ieh sMn 1971 Aqy 1980 vI ropV qoN lok sBw vwsqy cuixAw igAw sI[ jUn 1984 ivc ieMdrw gWDI v`loN drbwr swihb ’qy hmly sbMDI ies ny ft ky ieMdrw gWDI dw swQ id`qw sI[ ies ny Akwl buMgw dI qbwh hoeI iemwrq dI murMmq krn vwsqy ieMdrw dI sB qoN vD syvw kIqI sI[ sMn 1984 ivc lok sBw dIAW coxW ivc pMjwb ivc coxW nhIN krvweIAW geIAW sn; ies kr ky rwjIv gWDI ny ies nUM rwijsQwn ivc jlor hklw qoN cox lVw ky AYm.pI. bxw ilAw sI[ sMn 1989 ivc ieh jlor qoN cox hwr igAw sI, pr 1991 ivc ieh iPr jlor qoN cox ij`q igAw sI[ sMn 1998 ivc ies nUM kWgrs dI itkt nw imlI qW ieh jlOr qoN Awzwd aumIdvwr vjoN ijq igAw sI[ sMn 1999 ivc dobwrw coxW hoeIAW qW kWgrs ny ies nUM jlor qoN itkt dy id`qI sI[ sMn 2014 ivc ies nUM iPr itkt nhIN imlI sI qy ieh Awzwd aumIdvwr vjoN cox liVAw sI, pr ies vwrI qIjy nMbr ’qy AwieAw sI[ ieh keI swl kyNdr ivc vzIr irhw sI[ AYm.pI. bxn qoN ielwvw ieh sMn 1978 qoN 1980 qIk Awl ieMfIAw kWgrs dw jnrl sk`qr vI irhw sI[ sMn 2004 qoN 2006 qIk ieh ibhwr dw gvrnr irhw sI[ sMn 2007 qoN 2010 qk ieh nYSnl kimSn &wr SifaUlf kwstz dw cyArmYn irhw sI[

bUtw isMG ny sMn 1964 mnjIq kOr nwl ivAwh kIqw sI, ijs qoN iqMn b`cy pYdw hoey sn ; aunHW ivcoN ArivMdr lvlI id`lI qoN AYm. AYl. ey. irhw sI[ bUtw isMG v`loN sMn 1984 ivc ieMdrw Aqy mgroN rwjIv dw swQ id`qy jwx kwrn is`K aus nUM n&rq krdy rhy hn Aqy krdy rihxgy[ AkwlI hlikAW ivc iqRskwr nwl aus nUM bUtI rwm” dy nW nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw hY.

bUV isMG

bUV isMG, pu`qr ruldU rwm, mhwrwxI mihqwb kOr (pqnI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG) Aqy kMvr Syr isMG (mgroN mhwrwjw) dw iek v&wdwr syvwdwr sI[ mhwrwxI ny aus nUM AwpxIAW mukyrIAW qy btwlw Awid dIAW jwgIrW dw kwr mu^qwr lwieAw hoieAw sI[ mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy mrn mgroN hIrw isMh fogrw ny ieh swrIAW jwgIrW zbq kr leIAW sn[ hIrw isMh fogrw dy kql mgroN aus nUM ienHW jwgIrW dw pRbMD muV sONp id`qw igAw sI[ AMgRyzW dw kbzw hox mgroN ieh AMgRyzW dw p`kw v&wdwr bx igAw sI[ jdoN mhwrwxI ijMdw nUM Sy^Upurw iklHy ivc kæYd kIqw igAw sI (19 Agsq 1847 qoN 15 meI 1848) qW aus nUM ies iklHy dw ieMcwrj QwipAw igAw sI[ sMn 1849 ivc aus nUM mukyrIAW dw qihsIldwr lw id`qw igAw sI[ auh kw&I lMmI aumr qk ijaUNdw irhw sI[ sMn 1888 ivc AMgRyzW ny aus nUM ‘srdwr bhwdr’ dw i^qwb id`qw sI[ aus dI mOq sMn 1892 ivc hoeI sI.

bUV isMG (nwnkwxw)

BweI bUV isMG (22.2.1896 – 20.2.1921), pu`qr m`l isMG kMboj, c`k nMbr 80 mUlw isMGvwlw (izlHw Sy^Upurw) dw rihx vwlw sI[ bcpn qoN hI ieh Dwrimk ibrqI vwlw sI[ jdoN gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI sI qW ies ny ies ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw ilAw sI[ jdoN krqwr isMG Jbr dy Kwlsw dIvwn Krw sOdw bwr ny 30 dsMbr 1920 dy idn gurduAwrw s`cw sOdw dw kbzw ilAw sI qW ieh aus kwrvweI ivc Swiml sI[ 19 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN BweI lCmx isMG DwrovwlI nwnkwxw swihb nUM mhMq qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`Qw lY ky igAw qW ieh vI ies ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ Agly idn jdoN j`Qw nwnkwxw swihb pu`jw sI qW mhMq Aqy aus dy ilAWdy BwVy dy kwqlW ny swry is`KW nUM kql krvw id`qw sI.

bUV isMG mukqsr

BweI bUV isMG ny 29 dsMbr 1705 dy idn iKdrwxy dI Fwb ’qy srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn dI AgvweI ivc AweI iek v`fI &Oj dw twkrw kridAW ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ bUV isMG swrsuq bRwhmx pirvwr ivcoN sI Aqy ipMf J`lIAW vwlw (nyVy p`tI) dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh 28 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gurU swihb dy drSn krn p`tI qoN Awey 40 isMGW dy jQy ivc Awpxy byty BweI suMdr isMG sxy Swiml hoieAw sI[ ies jQy ny Agly idn gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy drSn kIqy sn[ iesy idn ienHW cwlHI isMG dI srhMd &OjW nwl lVweI hoeI sI ijs ivc ieh swry is`K mwry gey sn. vDyry q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: cwlHI mukqy, mukqsr dI lVweI.

bulHy Swh

bulHy Swh (sMn 1680-1757), ijs dw Asl nW s`Xd Abdulw Swh sI, dw jnm ipMf au~c iglwnIAW ivc hoieAw sI qy auh Ajy Cy swl dw sI ik aus dy mwpy pihlW ipMf mlkvwl qy iPr ipMf pWfoky B`tI ivc Aw vsy sn[ mu`FlI pVHweI qoN mgroN auh lwhOr igAw sI Aqy ienwieq Swh kwdrI (jo pihlW kusUr rihMdw sI, pr kusUr dy hwkm husYn ^wn nwl Axbx ho jwx kr ky lwhOr Aw igAw sI) dw Swigrd bx igAw sI[ sMn 1737 ivc Swh ienwieq dI mOq mgroN bulHy Swh nUM aus dI g`dI hwisl hoeI sI[ Agly vIh swl auh kusUr ivc irhw sI Aqy sU&I m`q dw pRcwr krdw irhw sI[ bulHy Swh nUM kwdrI i&rky dw bhuq v`fw pRcwrk mMinAw jWdw hY[ sU&IAW ivc aus nUM Swh husYn (sMn 1538-1599), sulqwn bwhU (sMn 1629-1691) Aqy Swh Sr& (sMn 1640-1724) vW| bhq au~cw drjw hwisl hY[ bulHy Swh ny isMDI Aqy pMjwbI ivc bhuq swrIAW kw&IAW ilKIAW sn ijnHW nUM nusrq &qh AlI ^wn, Awibdw prvIn, pTwxy ^wn, &rId AXwz, sweIN zhUr, vfwlI BrwvW, r`bI Syrigl Aqy hor bhuq swry gwiekW ny gwieAw hY[ aus dw ieMqkwl (mOq) kusUr ivc hoieAw sI ij`Qy aus dw Swndwr mzwr bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy hzwrW muslmwn aus dy mzwr ’qy sjdw krn qy mMnqW mMnx jWdy rihMdy hn[ bulHy Swh dy kwlm dI kuJ vMngI hwzr hY:

hwjI lok m`ky nUM jWdy AsW jwxw q^q hzwry[ ijq vl Xwr auqy v`l k`bw, BwvyN vyK ikqwbW cwry[…
vy-kurwn pVH pVH Q`ky[ sjdy kridAW Gs gey m`Qy[ nw r`b qirQ, nw r`b m`ky[ijs pwieAw iqs nUr jmwl[ ieSk dI nivEN nvIN bhwr[…
bulHw! kI jwxw mYN kOx[…
m`ky igAW gl mukdI nwh, ijcr idloN n Awp mukweIey[ gMgw igAW g`l mukdI nwhI, BwvyN sO-sO Zoqy lweIey.

kusUr ivc bulHy Swh dw mzwr

bulwkI dws

BweI bulwkI dws Fwkw (hux bMglw dyS dI rwjDwnI) dw rihx vwlw sI[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny aus nuM ielwky dw msMd QwipAw hoieAw sI[kvI sMqoK isMG muqæwibkæ ies dI bzurg mwqw dI gurU swihb ivc eynI SrDw sI ik ies ny gurU jI vwsqy iek syj (sijAw hoieAw plMG) iqAwr kIqw sI Aqy ieMqzwr krdI rhI sI ik jd gurU jI Fwky Awauxgy qW ie`Qy Awrwm krngy[ gurU jI aus mwqw dI ^wihS pUrI krn vwsqy aunHW dy Gr gey sn Aqy mwqw jI ny iek mus`vr (mUrqI bxwaux vwly) nUM s`d ky gurU jI dI qsvIr vI bxvweI sI[ bulwkI dws ny Awpxy Gr dy iek ih`sy nUM Drmswlw bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ ie`Qy sMgqW tyly bxw ky gurU jI dy drSn krn AwauNdIAW huMdIAW sn[ (‘gurduAwrw sMgq tolw’ aus dy Gr vwlI QW ’qy bixAw hoieAw hY)[ bulwkI dws gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nwl bhuq ipAwr krdw sI[ auh iek vwr gurU jI nUM imlx vwsqy c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur) vI AwieAw sI[ auh gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN vI ijaUNdw irhw sI; aus dw nW sMn 1691 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI Fwky dy is`KW nUM Byjy iek ^q ivc imldw hY.a

bu`DU Swh, pIr

ies dw Asl nW bdru`dIn sI[ ies dw jnm 13 jUn 1647 dy idn hoieAw sI[ ies dI SwdI bIbI nsIrW, jo seId ^wn dI BYx sI, nwl hoeI sI[ ieh lokW ivc bhuq mwxXog hsqI Aqy hrmn ipAwrw S^s sI[ ies nUM lok ipAwr nwl bu`DU Swh (mhwn buD dw mwilk) kihMdy sn[ ies dw gurU goibMd isMG nwl bhuq ipAwr sI[ aus dI ies nyVqw sFOrw ngr dy hwkm ausmwn ^wn nUM bhuq cuBdI sI[ aus ny pIr b`uDU Swh Aqy ies dy prvwr ’qy bVy zulm Fwey sn qy aunHW ƒ is`KW dw swQI AwK ky ShId kIqw sI[ pIr bu`DU Swh dI mOq 21 mwrc 1704 dy idn hoeI sI (sMn 1709 ivc bMdw isMG bhwdur ny ies zwlm hwkm nUM lokW dy swhmxy &WsI dI szw id`qI sI)[ pIr bu`DU Swh bwry iek kwlpink khwxI vI bxI hoeI hY ik iek vwr muZl hwkmW ny 500 ispwhIAW nUM nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw qW gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ies dI is&wrS ’qy aunHW ispwhIAW nUM AwpxI &Oj ivc BrqI kr ilAw sI[ 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn jdoN gVHvwl dy rwjy &qh Swh ny BMgwxI ivc gurU jI ’qy Akwrn hmlw kIqw qW isr& iek ispwhI kwlw ^wn nUM C`f ky bwkI dy &qh Swh dy nwl rl gey sn (pr ieh swry ies lVweI ivc is`KW h`QoN mwry gey sn)[ ies khwxI muqæwibkæ jd ies ZdwrI dI ^br pIr bu`DU Swh nUM imlI qW auh Awpxy cwr pu`qrW Aqy 700 murId lY ky BMgwxI dI lVweI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI; ies lVweI ivc aus dy do pu`qr vI mwry gey sn[

ieh khwxI kwlpink hY[ gurU jI dI &Oj ivc qn^whdwr 500 pTwx ispwhI kdy vI nhIN sn; drAsl aunHW kol iek vI qn^whdwr &OjI nhIN sI[ ieh khwxI pIr bu`DU Swh dI gurU jI nwl nyVqw swihb krn vwsqy GVI geI sI[ pIr bu`DU Swh dy pirvwr kol gurU goibMd isMG jI dIAW inSwnIAW zrUr sn, ijnHW ivc iek hukmnwmw, iek CotI ikRpwn Aqy iek kMGw (ijs ivc kuJ hoey kys vI AVy hoey sn) Swiml sn[ mgroN nwBw dy rwjy BrpUr isMG ny bu`DU Swh dy vwrsW nUM jwgIr Aqy bhuq swrw Dn dy ky ieh cIzW lY leIAW sn Aqy nwBw dy gurduAwrw ‘isropw swihb’ ivc rK id`qIAW sn[ isropw swihb gurduAwrw ^qm ho jwx mgroN ieh cIzW AnMdpur swihb phuMcw id`qIAW geIAW sn.

sFOrw ivc pIr bu`DU Swh dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw

bu`DI cMd rwvq

BweI buDI cMd rwvq cmkOr swihb ipMf dIAW muK S^sIAqW ivcoN iek sI[ ipMf ivc au~cI QW ’qy bxI aus dI aus dI hvylI iek gVHI vWg sI[13 jnvrI 1703 dy idn gurU goibMd isMG jI Awpxy pirvwr Aqy cMd iek is`KW nwl ies ipMf ivcoN lMG rhy sn qW muZl &OjW dy iek v`fy dsqy ny aunHW nUM Gyrn dI koiSS kIqI sI qW BweI buDI cMd rwvq ny gurU jI nUM ies gVHI ivc hI pnwh id`qI sI[ kuJ smyN bwAd is`KW dw iek dsqw au~Qy pu`j igAw sI Aqy hmlwvr toly nUM burI qrHW iSksq id`qI sI[ ies mgroN BweI buDI cMd rwvq Aqy gurU jI ivc bhuq in`Gy sbMD bx gey sn[

gurU goibMd isMG jI Aqy qkrIbn 500 is`KW ny 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq nUM AnMdpur C`f id`qw sI Aqy mwlvy v`l jwx vwsqy cmkOr ivc iek`Ty hox dI Xojnw bxweI sI[ rsqy ivc srsw ndI dy kMFy iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd dI v`fI &Oj nwl Aqy mlkpur ivc rMGV muslmwnW nwl hoeIAW lVweIAW mgroN isr& 50-60 is`K hI bwkI bcy hn[ ienHW ivcoN bcy is`K 7 dsMbr 1705 dI svyr dy smyN cmkOr pu`jy sn; ienHW ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI, do v`fy swihbzwdy, pMj ipAwry Aqy 43 hor is`K sn[ BweI buDI cMd rwvq gurU jI dw swidk sI[ aus ny AwpxI hvylI (gVHI) dy drvwzy gurU jI Aqy is`KW vwsqy KolH id`qy sn, Aqy aunHW nUM lMgr pwxI CkwieAw sI[ dupihr mgroN ies hvylI nUM SwhI &OjW ny Gyr ilAw sI Aqy 7 dsMbr dI Swm Aqy 8 dsMbr dI svyr nUM ie`Qy do swihbzwdy, iqMn ipAry Aqy 40 is`K lV ky ShIdIAW pw gey sn[ ienHW swirAW dw sskwr BweI buDI cMd ny cODrI rwm isMG qy iqlok isMG (PUlkIAW) nwl iml ky 11 dsMbr 1705 dy idn kIqw sI[(mgroN iksy ny hrSrn kOr nW dw iek kwlpink pwqr GV ilAw sI[ ies dI q&sIl jwxn vwsqy vyKo: cmkOr swihb)[ BweI buDI cMd rwvq dI hvylI sMn 1955 qk AwpxI pihlI hwlq ivc kwiem sI[ ies mgroN ibSn isMG pitAwlw vwly ny ‘kwr syvw’ dy nW ’qy ies gVHI dw nwmo-inSwn imtw ky ie`Qy sMg mrmr dI iek byjwn iemwrq KVHI kr id`qI sI.

cmkOr dI gVHI (1956 qoN pihlW dIAW qsvIrW)

cmkOr dI gVHI (AMdr dI purwxI qsvIr)

bu`D, mhwqmw qy buD m`q

(mhwqmw) buD kiplvsqU jnpd (irAwsq) dy SwkX vMS dy rwjw SuDodn dw pu`qr sI[ ies dw jnm luMibnI (hux nYpwl dw ih`sw) ivc hoieAw sI[ ies dw pwln poSx (kiplvsqU nYpwl/Bwrq) ivc hoieAw sI) {hor vyKo: kiplvsqU }[ ies dI mOq kuSIngr (Bwrq) ivc hoeI sI[ ies dy jnm Aqy mOq bwry do irvwieqW hn: (1) jnm sMn 563 (purwxw kwl), mOq sMn 483 (purwxw kwl) (2) jnm sMn 483 (purwxw kwl), mOq sMn 400 (purwxw kwl)[au~nI swl dI aumr ivc dMfpwix dI DI XSoDrw nwl SwdI hoeI sI, ijs qoN rwhul pu`qr ny jnm ilAw sI[ iek bu`Fw, iek rogI Aqy iek murdw vyK ky aus dy mn ivc vYrwg jwigAw sI Aqy 28 swl dI aumr ivc rwjBwg qy Grbwr C`f ky sMinAwsI ho igAw sI[ ies ny 40-45 swl BRmx kIqw sI[ ies dw Kyqr iek pwsy kosMbI (jmnw ndI), dUjy pwsy cMpw (Bwglpur), qIjy pwsy kiplvsqU, qy cOQy pwsy gXw qik sI[ ieh swrw ielwkw 600X300 iklomItr bxdw hY[ keI swl GuMmx mgroN ies nUM gXw ngr ivc iek ip`pl dy r`uK dy hyTW igAwn hwisl hoieAw sI Aqy ies ny Awpxw m`q (buD m`q) clwieAw sI (hor vyKo: gXw)[ ies ny pihlw pRvcn swrnwQ ivc kIqw sI[ AnMd aus dw muK cylw sI[ mhwqmw buD dw nW isDwrQ gOqm, isD`q gOqm, sr@vwr@Qis`D Aqy SwkXmunI iliKAw vI imldw hY[

buD Drm dI muK ikqwb ‘Dmpd’ hY; ies dy 28 AMg hn: Dmpd ikqwb dy 26 v`g ieh hn: Xmk, A`pmwd, ic`q, pu`P, bwl, pMifq, ArhMq, sh`s, pwp, dMf, jrw, A`q, lok, bu`D, su`K, ipX, koD, ml, DMm`T, m`g, pik`xk, inrX, q\hw, bRwhmx[ ienHW AMgW dy 423 pd hn[

mhwqmw bu`D dy pRvcnW qoN jwpdw hY ik auh r`b dI hoNd ivc XkIn nhIN rKdw sI; hW punr jnm ivc aus dw pUrw XkIn sI[ boDI gRMQ ‘jwqkmwlw’ muqæwibkæ isDwrQ Awp vI sYNkVy jnmW ip`CoN bu`D bx ky pYdw hoieAw sI[

bu`D m`q dy mukqI mwrg dy A`T muK inXm (ASt mwrg) hn: 1. sm@Xk@ (sd, s`cw, shI) ivSvws 2. sm@Xk@ ivcwr 3. sm@Xk@ vwkX 4. sm@Xk@ krm 5. sm@Xk@ jIvn 6. sm@Xk@ pRXqn 7. sm@Xk@ icMqn 8. sm@Xk@ DXwn[ ienHW ivc motIAW-motIAW g`lW ieh hn: (a) jIv ihMsw, corI, ivBcwr nhIN krnw (A) JUT nhIN bolxw, cuglI nhIN krnI, kTor vcn nhIN bolxw (e) lwlc qy n&rq qoN dUr rihxw (s) sm@Xk@ (TIk) ivhwr rKxw[

ies qoN ielwvw AMqm idnW ivc ies ny cwr aupdyS id`qy sn: 1. ieMdrIAW ’ qy kwbU rKxw 2. Awpxy Awp nUM jgwauxw Aqy Awpxy Awp dI pRIiKAw krnI 3. ijvyN jl qoN pYdw hoieAw ic`kV jl nwl hI Doqw jWdw hY, ausy qrHw mn dy ivkwr mn kr ky hI dUr huMdy hn 4. vwxI qy ikirAw piv`qr rKxw; ies nwl suK qy SWqI ieM\ nwl rihxgy ijvyN srIr nwl prCwvW rihMdw hY[

mgroN buD Drm do ih`isAW ivc vMifAw igAw sI: hInXwn qy mhwXwn[ hInXwn nUM mMnx vwly brmw, QweIlYNf, kMbofIAw, lwEs, mlySIAw, vIAqnwm qy sRIlMkw Awid ivc hn[ QweIlYNf ivc qW bu`D dy sony dy bhuq swry bu`q bxy hoey hn[ mhwXwn nUM mMnx vwly vDyry kr ky cIn, iqbq, jpwn, qweIvwn, korIAw, mMgolIAw, nYpwl, Bwrq Awid ivc hn[ nwlMdw qy qkiSlw ivc ienHW dIAW XUnIvrstIAW sn[ iksy vyly qkrIbn swrw d`KxI eySIAw (sRIlMkw, mOjUdw Bwrq, pwiksqwn, kSmIr, A&Zwinsqwn, iqbq, nYpwl, BUtwn, is`km) dy lok bu`D Drm nUM mMnx vwly sn[ A`j vI ienHW swry mulkW ivc sYNkVy swlw purwxy m`TW dy KMfrwq mOjUd hn Aqy ienHW ivc buD dIAW isiKAwvW vwly iSlwlyK qy mhwqmw bu`D dy bu`q nzr AwauNdy hn[ A&Zwinsqwn ivc qW qwilbwn hkUmq ny bwmIXwn ivc mhwqmw bu`D dw 1500 swlw purwxw (sMn 550-570 dw) 125 Pu`t (38 mItr) au~cw ivSwl bu`q fwienwmweIt nwl aufw id`qw sI[ ies buq nUM aufwaux dw kMm 2 mwrc 2001 dy idn SurU kIqw igAw sI qy ies nUM pUrI qrHw ^qm krn leI 25 idn l`gy sn.

luMibnI ’c sqMB ’qy buD dy jnm sQwn dw izkr

swrnwQ ij`Qy bu`D ny pihlw pRvcn kIqw sI

kuSIngr ivc auh QW ij`Qy buD dI mOq hoeI sI

sRIlMkw ivc ivc lyty hoey buD dw ivSwl bu`q

A&Zwinsqwn ’c qwilbwn v`loN bwmIXwn ’c mhwqmw bu`D aufwey jwx qoN pihlW

buq qbwh kIqy jwx mgroN

 

 

 

 

buD isMG isMGpurIAw

ieh ^uShwl isMG dw pu`qr sI Aqy nvwb kpUr isMG dw BqIjw sI[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN ieh imsl dw muKI bixAw sI[ ies kol rwvI Aqy ibAws dy ivckwr dw ielwkw sI[sMn 1765 ivc jdoN drbwr swihb dI muV auswrI SurU hoeI sI qW ies ny iek l`K rupY Byt kIqy sn[ sMn 1814 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies imsl dw bhuq swrw ielwkw kbzy ivc lY ilAw sI; aus ny ienHW qoN sonw Aqy hIry jvwhrwq vI Koh ley sn[ sMn 1815 ivc rxjIq isMG ny ies imsl dw jlMDr doAwb ivclw ielwkw vI kbzy ivc lY ilAw sI[ buD isMG rxjIq isMG dI kwrvweI qoN bhuq inmoJUxw ho ky sdmy kwrn bImwr pY igAw sI Aqy Agly swl hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

buD isMG sMDwvwlIAw

ieh AmIr isMG sMDwvwlIAW dw pu`qr sI (15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn mhwrwjw Syr isMG nUM kql krn vwly lihxw isMG qy Aqr isMG ies dy Brw sn)[ buD isMG mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc cMgy Ahudy ’qy sI[ aus ny keI muihMmW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ sMn 1823 ivc rxjIq isMG nUM aus dIAW kwrvweIAW ’qy S`k pYdw ho igAw sI; ies kr ky aus nUM s`Xd Aihmd dy i^lw& muihMm ivc ipSwvr Byj id`qw igAw sI[ 21 dsMbr 1826 dy idn hoeI lVweI ivc is`K &OjW ny s`Xd Aihmd nUM burI qrHw hrwieAw sI[ ies mOky ’qy s`Xd Aihmd bc ky inkl igAw sI, pr Agly swl auh iPr iek l`K &Oj lY ky Aw igAw sI[ ies vwr iPr is`K &OjW jyqU rhIAW sn[ lVweI mgroN buD isMG lwhOr priqAw sI; pr ie`Qy muVn qoN kuJ smW mgroN hYzy dI bImwrI nwl auh mr igAw sI.

buD isMG (nwnkwxw)

BweI bu`D isMG (4.1.1903-20.2.1921), pu`qr surjn isMG cOhwn, dw jnm ipMf krqwrpur (izlHw isAwlkot) ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh pirvwr Awlm isMG n`cxw (ShId cmkOr swihb 7 dsMbr 1705) dI kul ivcoN sI[ sMn 1918 ivc buD isMG Awppxy ipqw nwl nMdyV igAw sI ij`Qy aus ny KMfy dI pwhul lY leI sI[ ies mgroN auh inhMg bwxy ivc rihx lg ipAw sI[ pMjwb muV ky aus ny iek kIrqnI jQw bxwieAw sI Aqy pRcwr dy kMm ivc ru`J igAw sI[ ies dorwn auh 18 &rvrI 1921 dy idn c`k nMbr 13 nwnkpurw (izlHw Sy^upurw) ivc AwpxI mwsI nUM imlx AwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus smyN BweI lCmx isMG nwnkwxw swihb nUM mhMq nrYxU qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsyq j`Qw iljwx dI iqAwrI kr irhw sI[ ieh vI aus jQy ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ 20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN auh nwnkwxw swihb jnm AsQwn ivc gey sn qW mhMq nrYxU Aqy aus dy BwVy dy kwqlW ny swry is`KW nUM ^qm kr id`qw sI[ q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw.

buD isMG bwvw

bwvw bu`D isMG, pu`qr &Ojdwr isMG) btwlw dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh kSmIr srkwr dI &Oj ivc mulwzm sI[ mgroN auh nYpwl dI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI Aqy kYptn dy Ahudy qk jw pu`jw sI[ iek vwr auh ptnw swihb igAw sI[ie`Qy aus dw myl Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw nwl hoieAw sI[ Twkr isMG ny aus nwl mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM pMjwb dy q^q ’qy ibTwaux bwry j`dojihd bwry g`l kIqI sI[ buD isMG ies j`dojihd ivc Swiml hox vwsqy rwzI ho igAw sI[ Twkr isMG ny aus rwhIN kSmIr ivc is`KW nwl sbMD kwiem kr ley sn[ jdoN Twkr isMG nuM igR&qwrI dw ^qrw mihsUs hoieAw qW auh AMgRyzI ielwkw C`f ky &rWs dy kbzy vwly ielwky pWfIcr (hux pufUcrI) clw igAw sI[ Twkr isMG ny AwpxI AMimRqsr vwlI hvylI ies dy hvwly kr id`qI sI Aqy ieh au~QoN kwrvweIAW clwauNdw irhw sI[ nvMbr 1887 ivc bu`D isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI Aqy aus ny Agly iqMn swl cunwr dy iklHy ivc kæYd ivc ibqwey sn[ aus dw ies mgroN dw hwl pqw nhIN lgdw.

buD isMG mwn

buD isMG mwn, pu`qr mMnw isMG, lwhOr drbwr dw iek mulwzm sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN aus nUM 30 ispwhIAW dy iek jQy dw muKI bxw id`qw igAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI auh krnl dy Ahudy qk jw pu`jw sI; auh jnrl kUrt dI brIgyf dw ih`sw sI[ aus dy sbMD Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw nwl sn[ jdoN Syr isMG mhwrwjw bixAw qW aus ny ies dw Ahudw Gtw id`qw sI[ Syr isMG dy kql mgroN hIrw isMh fogrw ny ies nUM jnrl dw Ahudw dy id`qw sI[ 7 meI 1844 dy idn jdoN hIrw isMh fogrw ny nOrMgwbwd ivc bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy hmlw kIqw sI qW ieh aus hmly ivc Swiml sI[ AMgRyzW v`loN sMn 1846 ivc pMjwb ivc AmlI qOr ’qy kbzw kr ley jwx mgroN ieh AMgRyzW dw ^Yr-^Íwh bx igAw sI[ ies ny myjr jOhn inklsn Aqy jymz AYbt dw pUrw swQ id`qw sI[ cqr isMG AtwrIvwlw dI AgvweI ivc AMgRyzW dy i^lw& hoeI lVweI ivc ieh AMgRyzW v`loN liVAw sI[ ieh lVweI ivc z^mI ho ky igR&qwr ho igAw sI[ jdoN AMgRyzW ny pMjwb ’qy pUrw kbzw kr ilAw sI qW ies nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw sI[ ies dI mOq sMn 1856 ivc hoeI sI.

bu`Fx Swh, sWeIN

AwpxI qIjI audwsI dy SurU ivc gurU nwnk swihb ipMjOr qoN mMfI nUM jWdy hoey huMdy hoey ipMf BtOlI ruky sn[ BtolI ipMf hux kIrqpur swihb dw ih`sw hY (mOjUdw kIrqpur ngr ies qoN qkrIbn 110 swl mgroN gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy byty gurid`qw ny meI 1624 ivc vswieAw sI)[ mMfI nUM jwx vwsqy rsqw BtolI dy nyiVEN lMGdw hY[ BtolI ivc ijs jgh gurU nwnk swihb bYTy sn, au~Qy ‘gurduAwrw crn kMvl’ bixAw hoieAw hY[

ij~Qy 1624 ivc kIrqpur vswieAw igAw sI, au~QoN koeI iek iklomItr aupr vl, ipMf kilAwxpur dI iek phwVI ’qy iek muslmwn PkIr sWeIN bu~Fx Swh rihMdw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny mMfI jwx vwsqy auDroN lMGxw sI[ rsqy ivc gurU jI ny aus nwl s`cy Drm dI crcw kIqI sI[ sWeIN bu~Fx Swh ny gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw nUM bkrIAW dw du~D vI ipAwieAw sI[

mgroN iksy ilKwrI ny CyvyN pwqSwh v`loN kIrqpur vswaux sbMDI ieh khwxI GV leI sI ik gurU nwnk swihb ny sWeIN bu`Fx Swh nUM ikhw sI ik AsIN qYQoN CyvyN jwmy ivc Aw ky du~D pIvWgy[ ieh g~l shI nhIN hY[ ho skdw hY ik sweIN bu`Fx Swh ny lMmI aumr BogI hovy qy aus ny CyvyN gurU nUM vI imilAw Aqy du`D ipAwieAw ho skdw hY pr ieh gurU nwnk swihb dy bcnW vwlI khwxI mnGVq hY[ ieh bu`Fx Swh dy vwrsW ny aus dyy mzwr dI AhmIAq vDwaux vwsqy GVI hovygI[ ies fyry vilAW ny iek hor Zlq khwxI vI GVI hoeI hY ik jo is`K kIrqpur ivc jWdw hY pr sweIN bu`Fx Swh dy mzwr ’qy nhIN jWdw aus dI Xwqrw pUrI (s&l) nhIN huMdI[ pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik AKOqI qIrQ Xwqrw dI is`K Drm ivc koeI QW nhIN; is`K kIrqpur ivc gurU swihb dI ieiqhwsk jgh vyKx Aqy gurU jI dI Xwd qwzw krn jWdy hn nw ik qIrQ Xwqrw krn[ dUjw, is`K iksy kbr jW smwD nUM m`Qw nhIN tykdw[ ies kr ky sweIN bu`Fx Swh dy mzwr ’qy m`Qw tykxw gurU dI is`iKAw dy ault kwrvweI hY[ is`K aus phwVI ’qy ieiqhws Xwd qwzw krn vwsqy qW jw skdw hY qy ies dI koeI mnwhI nhIN.

sweIN bu`Fx Swh dw mzwr

bu`Fw isMG sukrc`kIAw

BweI bu`Fw isMG (1688 – 1718), pu`qr Bwg m`l Aqy poqw q^q m`l dw jnm ipMf sukrc`k (izlHw gujrWvwlw) ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh pirvwr Xwdv rwjpUq goqR ivc sWsI nW dy v`fy-vfyry dy ^wndwn ivcoN sI[ ieh pirvwr gurU hir rwie swihb dy smyN ivc is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ bu`Fw isMG ny gurU goibMd isMG jI qoN KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI hoeI sI[ aus ny bMdw isMG bhwdur dIAW lVweIAW ivc A`gy vD-cVH ky ih`sw ilAw sI[ auh GuVsvwrI Aqy qlvwr clwaux ivc bhuq mwihr sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik aus ny 50 vwr rwvI qy JnW dirAwvW nUM AwpxI GoVI, ijs dw nW ‘dysI’ sI, ’qy cVH ky hI pwr kIqw sI[ aus dy ijsm ’qy qlvwrW, briCAW Aqy golIAW dy keI inSwn sn[ bMdw isMG dy smyN ivc aus ny Awpxy ipMf sukrc`k ivc iek v`fI hvylI auswrI sI, ijs ivc auh irhw krdw sI[ aus dy do pu`qr sn: cMdw isMG (sMDWvwlIAW dw v`fw-vfyrw) Aqy nOD isMG (mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw v`fw-vfyrw)[ bu`Fw isMG sMn 1718 ivc mjITw (izlHw AMimRqsr) kol pTwxW nwl hoeI iek lVweI ivc mwirAw igAw sI[ aus qoN mgroN aus dw pu`qr nOD isMG (mOq sMn 1752) sukrc`k ipMf dw muKI bixAw sI[ sMn 1748 ivc jdoN 65 dy krIb j`iQAW nUM 11 imslW ivc jQybMd kIqw igAw sI qW ies dy j`Qy nUM iek imsl mMn ky aus dw nW sukrc`kIAw imsl r`iKAw igAw sI[ nOD isMG dy cwr pu`qr sn, ijnHW ivcoN sB qoN v`fw cVHq isMG (sMn 1721-1770) sI, jo mhW isMG (sMn 1760-1792) dw ipqw qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG (1780-1839) dw dwdw sI. hor vyKo: cVHq isMG, rxjIq isMG mhwrwjw.

bu`Fw isMG Zdr pwrtI

`BweI bu`Fw isMG (1891-1929), pu`qr eISr isMG, izlHw qrnqwrn dy ipMf sur isMG dw rihx vwlw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ aus imaUl bYtrI rjMmt ivc Swiml sI[ aus dI ifaUtI brylI ivc l`gI hoeI sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN auh cupcwp &Oj dI ifaUtI C`f ky SMGweI (cIn) clw igAw sI[ au~Qy auh cOkIdwr vjoN kMm krdw irhw sI[ auh cIn, QweIlYNf Aqy hWgkWg ivc nOkrI krdw irhw sI[jdoN Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI sI qW auh ies dw bhuq srgrm mYNbr bx igAw sI[ sMn 1914 ivc auh mulk priqAw sI; 13 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn auh klk`qw pu`jw sI[ ie`Qy aus nUM pqw l`gw sI ik ijhVy lok &Oj ivcoN BgOVy ho gey sn, aunHW nUM AMgRyzI srkwr vwips nOkrI ’qy r`K rhI hY[ auh ies dw &wiedw auTwaux vwsqy brylI igAw sI ij`Qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ srkwr nUM cIn ivc aus dIAW kwrvweIAW dw pqw lg cukw sI; ies kr ky aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky ‘lwhOr swizS kys’ ivc cwrj kIqw igAw sI Aqy aus nUM &wsI dyx Aqy jwiedwd zbq krn dI szw suxweI geI sI; mgroN ieh szw aumr kæYd ivc bdl id`qI geI sI[ sMn 1916 ivc aus nMM AMfymwn jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ie`Qy aus ny Bu`K hVqwl kIqI sI, ijs dOrwn aus dI mOq ho geI sI[ (iek hor irvwieq muqæwibkæ kuJ smyN mgroN aus nUM pMjwb ivc qbdIl kr id`qw igAw sI[ ies dorwn auh ihrwsq ivcoN dOV igAw sI; pr mgroN aus ny Awpxy Awp nUM pyS kr id`qw sI[ aus nUM rwvlipMfI jyl ivc r`iKAw igAw sI[ie`Qy aus ny Bu`K hVqwl kIqI sI, ijs dOrwn aus dI mOq ho geI sI)[ mOq vyly aus dI aumr isr& 25 swl sI.

bu`Fw isMG Zdr pwrtI

bu`Fw isMG cmkOr

bu`Fw isMG gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy ^ws drbwrI is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ auh gurU swihb kol AnMdpur swihb hI irhw krdw sI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq ƒ gurU swihb ny AnMdpur ngr C`ifAw qW auh au~Qy hwizr 500 is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ ies mOky ’qy 460 is`K mwqw gujrI qy cOhW swihbzwidAW dy jQy ivc inkly sn Aqy 40 is`K gurU swihb dy nwl rhy sn[bu`Fw isMG swihzwdw AjIq isMG dy jQy dy nwl AnMdpur qoN inkilAw sI[ auN\ ieh swrw vhIr AnMdpur qoN 24-25 iklomItr dUr srsw ndI dy kMFy qk ipMf nMgl gujrW hux nMgl srsw) qk iek`Tw hI cldw igAw Aqy ie`QoN v`K-v`K ih`isAW ivc vMifAw igAw sI[

gurU jI, do v`fy swihbzwdy bu`Fw isMG sxy bwkI dy 47 is`K (kul 50 jxy) 7 dsMbr dI svyr ƒ cmkOr pu`j gey sn[ dupihr vyly ropV qoN AweI POj ny cmkOr ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ &Oj dw Gyrw chuµ pwisEN hox kr ky is`KW vwsqy bc ky inkl jwxw nwmumikn sI[ hux aunHW kol lVweI kr ky ShId ho jwx qoN isvw koeI cwrw nhIN sI[ is`K igxqI ivc isr& 50 sn ies kr ky auh iek-iek, do-do kr ky lVweI krdy rhy Aqy keI-keI muZlW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwr ky Awp vI ShId ho jWdy rhy sn[ 7 dsMbr dI rwq qk ShId ho jwx vwly iqMn ipAwirAW, do swihzwidAW Aqy 38 is`KW ivc bu`Fw isMG vI sI.

bu`Fw isMG brwV

BweI bu`Fw isMG brwV JuMbw ipMf (izlHw mukqsr) dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh aunHW jrnYlW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW ny ATwrHvIN sdI ivc muZlW Aqy A&ZwnIAW dy i^lw& j`dojihd ivc v`fw rol Adw kIqw sI[ jnvrI 1764 ivc jdoN is`KW ny srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn ^wn nUM mwr ky ies ngr ’qy kbzw kIqw sI qW is`K AwgUAW ny sWJI rwey nwl bu`Fw isMG nUM srhMd dw ieMqzwm sONp id`qw sI[ bu`Fw isMG nUM ies dy nwl hI 150 bMdUkW vI id`qIAW geIAW sn[ mgroN Awlw isMG ny bu`Fw isMG nUM rkm qwr ky ieh ngr ^rId ilAw sI[ ies mgroN auh Awpxy ipMf muV igAw sI Aqy au~Qyy aus ny Abohr dy dUAwly dy 28 ipMfW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ aus dI mOq sMn 1774 ivc kYQl ivc hoeI sI ij`Qy auh Awpxy ccyry Brw dysU isMG kol igAw hoieAw sI.

ibRijMdr isMG

ibRijMdr isMG (1896-22.12.1918) &rIdkot dy rwjw blbIr isMG (sMn 1869-1906) dy Coty Brw kMvr gijMdr isMG (mOq sMn 1900) dw pu`qr sI[ rwjw blbIr isMG dI Awpxw koeI pu`qr nhIN sI, ies kr ky aus dI mOq qoN mgroN ieh &rIdkot dw rwjw bixAw sI[ pihlI kul-AwlmI jMg ivc ies ny AMgRyzW dI BrpUr mdd kIqI sI; ies kr ky AMgRyzW ny ies nUM mhwrwjw dw i^qwb id`qw sI[ inrmilAW dw gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw (&rIdkotI tIkw) dI cOQI qy Aw^rI ijld ies ny hI CpvweI sI[ ieh aulQw ies dy dwdw ibkrmw isMG dy smyN ivc hoieAw sI Aqy ies dIAW cwr ivcoN iqMn ijldW dI CpweI ies dy qwieAw rwjw blbIr isMG dy smyN ivc hoeI sI, ijhVw iqMn ijldW Cwpx qoN mgroN cVHweI kr igAw sI[ ibRijMdr isMG ^ud vI isr& 22 swl dI aumr ivc mr igAw sI[ ies dI mOq qoN mgroN ies dw pu`qr hr ieMdr isMG (jnm 29 jnvrI 1915, jo ipqw dI mOq smyN isr& iqMn swl dw sI) &rIdkot irAwsq dw rwjw bixAw sI.

ibRj rwj

pMfq ibRj rwj mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw rwj pRoihq sI[ koeI vI nvW kMm krn qoN pihlW mhwrwjw ies qoN Biv`KbwxI krvwieAw krdw sI[ pMfq ibRj rwj rxjIq isMG dy dwn mihkmy dw vI ieMcwrj sI; swry dwn ies qoN pu`C ky jW ies dy kihx ’qy id`qy jWdy sn[ kwSI (bnwrs), rGUnwQ mMdr (jMmU), juAwlwmuKI dy mMdrW nUM dwn kIqw igAw sonw ies dy kihx ’qy hI id`qw igAw sI[ ibRj rwj nUM mhwrwjw ny iklHw gu`jr isMG vwlI jwgIr id`qI hoeI sI[ ies dI moq sMn 1833 ivc hoeI sI.

brwV/bYrwV

cMdrbMsI rwjpUqW (XwdvW) ivcoN inklI iek zwq (goqr)[ ienHW ivcoN jYslmyr dw rwjw jYsl B`tI (sMn 1153-1168) hoieAw sI[ jYsl qoN 6vIN pIVHI ivc is`DU hoieAw sI Aqy A`goN is`DU qoN 9vIN pIVHI ivc brwV hoieAw sI (Xwin hr iek brwV is`DU jW is`DU-brwV vI hY)[ brwV qoN 6vIN pIVHI ivc virAwm, 7vIN pIVHI ivc mihrwj Aqy 12vIN pIVHI ivc PUlkIAW imsl dw moFI PUl (pu`qr rUp cMd, poqw mohn, pVpoqw p`Ko) hoieAw sI[ aus dy poqy ny pitAwlw irAwsq dI nINh r`KI sI[ nwBw, jINd, BdOV, mlOd, p`Ko, byr, rwmpur, bfru`KW, ijauNdw, idAwlpurw, rwmpurw, gumtI, duMnw kot Awid ^wndwn swry hI jYsl B`tI-is`DU-brwV zwq nwl sbMDq hn[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG vI Xwdv ^wndwn dI sWsI goqR nwl sbMDq sI. hor vyKo: jYsl, PUlkIAW irAwsq, rxjIq isMG, mhwrwjw.

bRhm smwj

bMgwl dy iek bRwhmx rwjw rwm mohn rwie (jnm sMn 1774) v`loN bRwhmxvwd dy suDwr vjoN 20 Agsq 1828 dy idn SurU kIqw iek mq[ ieh m`q iksy gRMQ jW Avqwr ivc XkIn nhIN rKdw; ieh iek eISvrvwd ivc XkIn rKdw hY; ieh mUrqI pUjw dw KMfn krdw hY; ieh zwq pwq nUM r`d krdw hY; ieh krm dy isDWq ivc pUrw XkIn r`Kdw hY[ ies m`q dy muK isDWq ieh hn: 1. pRmwqmw dy brwbr koeI nhIN; auh srb SkqImwn, srvgX, srvipRX, inAWkwrI, swb ivAwpI, s`cy AnMd Aqy mukqI dw dwqw hY[ auhI swrI iSRStI nUM rcn Aqy kwiem r`Kx vwlw hY 2. jIv AivnwSI hY Aqy ieh byAMq au~nqI krn dy Xog hY[ jIv Awpxy krmW dw pRmwqmw nUM jvwbdyh hY 3. iksy rcy hoey pdwrQ nUM pRmwqmw mMn ky pUjxw Xog nhIN hY[ koeI gRMQ Aqy purK Bu`l qoN ibnw nhIN; Aqy, ieh jIv dI mukqI dw pUrw vsIlw nhIN ho skdy 4. pRmwqmw sB dw ipqw Aqy swry ienswn BYx Brw dy smwn hn 5. pRmwqmw nykI dw SuB Pl Aqy kukrmW dI szw zrUr dyNdw hY; pr auh szw swfI BlweI vwsqy huMdI hY 6. pwp Bry jIvn dw iqAwg Aqy s`cy idloN kukurmW nUM C`fx dI pRiqgXw hI gunwhW dw pRwSicq hY Aqy nykI Aqy piv`qrqw duAwrw pRBU dI ie`Cw nwl iek ho jwxw hI s`cI mukqI hY[

rwjw rwm mohn rwey dI mOq ieMglYNf dy ngr ibRstl ivc 28 sqMbr 1833 dy idn hoeI sI (ij`Qy aus dI smwD bxI hoeI hY)[ ies nUM rwjw dw i^qwb muZl bwdSwh Akbr dUjw ny id`qw sI (aus dI Xwd ivc Bwrq srkwr ny sMn 1964 vc iek fwk itkt jwrI kIqI sI[ rwjw rwm mohn dy m`q dw pRcwr dvwrkwnwQ tYgor, (aus dy pu`qr) dybyNdr nwQ tYgor qy rqn kySvcMdr syn (19.11.1838 – 8.1.1884) ny bhuq kIqw sI[ svwmI ivvykwnMd ’qy vI ies m`q dw kuJ Asr sI[ iksy vyly ies m`q nUM mMnx vwilAW dI igxqI l`KW ivc sI, pr hux ieh qkrIbn ^qm ho cukw hY.

ieMglYNf dy ngr ibRstl ivc
rwjw rwm mohn rwey dI smwD

bRhm dws

AwpxI qIjI audwsI dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb kSmIr vI gey sn[ auh mwnsrovr qoN ldwK, lyh, kwrigl, skrdU, bwlqwl, Amr nwQ, pihlgwm huMdy hoey mtn ngr pu`jy sn[ m`tn iksy zmwny ivc iek cSmy kr ky mShUr sI[ gurU nwnk swihb iesy cSmy kol ruky sn[ cSmy dy ivckwr iek v`fw p`Qr dw QVHw sI ijs ’qy bYT ky gurU jI ny iek mShUr pMfq bRhm dws (pu`qr Twkr dws d`q) nwl crcw kIqI sI[ pMfq bRhmdws eyQy nyVy dy ipMf bIj ibhwVw dw rihx vwlw sI[ bRhmdws ny ikqwbW dw iek Fyr iek`Tw kIqw hoieAw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny bRhmdws dy ikqwbI ielm dw mwx qoiVAw sI Aqy aus nUM rUhwnIAq dw sbk id~qw sI[ A^Ir bRhm dq is~KI ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ gurU swihb ny bRhm dws nUM kSmIr ’c is`KI prcwr dw AwgU QwipAw sI[ (gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kol 25 meI 1675 dy idn &irAwdI hox vwly bRwhmxW dw jQw ies ielwky dy ijs mShUr is`K ikrpw rwm d`q (jo bRhm dws dw pVpoqw sI) nUM nwl lY ky AwieAw sI, auh ikrpw rwm iesy bRhm dws pVpoqw sI). hor vyKo: ikrpw rwm, m`tn.

brw`f&ut, jwrj

jwrj brw`f&ut (sMn 1807-21.12.1845) sMn 1826 ivc ibRitS &Oj ivc 34vIN mdrws rjmMt ivc iek ispwhI vjoN BrqI hoieAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI auh kYptn dy Ahudy qk phuMc igAw sI[ sMn 1841 ivc aus nUM A&Zwinsqwn ivc ByijAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN aus nuUM sqluj dirAw ’qy AMgRyz-is`K srh`d ’qy    gvrnr jnrl dy eyjMt vjoN qYnwq kIqw igAw sI[ brw`f&ut bhuq grm qbIAq dw bMdw sI[ sMn 1845 ivc aus ny is`KW nUM BVkw ky lVweI SurU krvwaux dIAW bhuq swrIAW hrkqW kIqIAW sn[ jnrl kinMGm dy l&zW ivc is`KW dIAW AMgRyzW nwl lVweIAW SurU krvwaux vwsqy pihlI golI aus ny hI clweI sI[ aus dI mOq &IrozSwh dI lVweI ivc 21 dsMbr 1845 dy idn hoeI sI.

bUJw isMG

bwbw bUJw isMG (1888-27.7.1970), pu`qr Drm isMG, dw jnm ipMf c`kmweIdws (izlHw nvWSihr) ivc hoieAw sI[ hor lokW vWg auh vI ivdySW ivc nOkrI krn vwsqy igAw sI[ sMn 1926 ivc auh ikrqI pwrtI nwl juV igAw sI[ sMn 1929 ivc auh cIn Aqy sMn 1930 ivc pnwmw igAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny PylH hoeI Zdr pwrtI nUM mV KVHw krn vwsqy rol Adw kIqw sI[ auh Zdr lihr dI mYZzIn ‘AwmuK’ dw AYfItr vI sI[ ies mgroN auh mwsko dI XUnIvristI ivc kimaUinzm dI pVweI krn vwsqy vI igAw sI[ au~QoN auh sMn 1934 ivc A&Zwinsqwn dy rsiqEN pMjwb priqAw sI[ vqn muVn mgroN auh bMbeI, kwnpur, klkqw Awid ivc GumMdw irhw sI[ sMn 1941 ivc suBwS cMdr bos nUM A&Zwinsqwn k`Fx ivc aus dw muK rol sI, ikauNik auh Awp rUs qoN ^u&IAw rsqy rwhIN pMjwb AwieAw hoieAw sI[ 28 meI 1942 dy idn ikrqI pwrtI qy BwrqI kimaUinst pwrtI (Bwkpw) iekTy ho gey sn, pr CyqI hI iPr v`K-v`K ho gey sn[ ies mgroN aus ny swQIAW nwl iml ky ‘lwl pwrtI’ bxweI sI[ auh ies pwrtI dI sYNtrl kmtI dw mYNbr sI[ ies mgroN iek vwr iPr kimaUinstW nwl eykqw ho geI sI; pr aunHW bUJw isMG nUM pRvwn nhIN kIqw sI [ auh aus dy hiQAwrbMd Gol dw ihmwieqI hox kr ky frdy sn[ Zdr pwrtI dy ShIdW, lihr ivc kYd k`tx vwilAW Aqy srgrm kwrkuMnW dI Xwd ivc jlMDr ivc bxy ‘dyS Bgq Xwdgwr hwl’ vwsqy aus ny Aihm rol Adw kIqw sI[

kimaUinst pwrtI v`loN kWgrs dy nwl iml jwx mgroN aus ny swQIAW nwl iml ky BwrqI kimaUinst pwrtI (mwrkisst-lYininst) kwiem kIqI sI[ auh ipMf-ipMf lihr dy pRcwr vwsqy sweIkl ’qy jWdw huMdw sI[ ies JMfy hyT pwrtI ny sMn 1967 qoN 1969 qk keI zmInW qy kbzy kIqy sn[ auh keI jgIrdwrW, ZdwrW sUdKorW dy kqlW ivc Swiml sI[ srkwr ny aus nUM BgOVw krwr dy id`qw hoieAw sI[ A^Ir pulIs ny aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw sI Aqy kql kr ky 27 julweI 1970 dI rwq vyly nweImwjrw Aqy vsnwvw ipMfW dy ivckwr nihr dy pul ’qy lwS su`t ky, nklI pulIs mukwblw idKwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI[ aus vyly aus dI aumr 82 swl dI sI[ ieh kql pRkwS isMG bwdl dI srkwr ny kIqw sI[ ies mgroN nkslbwVI lihr dy nW ’qy mulk Br ivc hzwrW nOjvwn nklI mukwbilAw dy nW ’qy mwry gey sn; ienHW ivcoN 86 pMjwb ivc vI kql kIqy gey sn.

bwbw bUJw isMG

bUJw isMG dw ^u&IAw srkwrI irkwrf ivc izkr

Bwbw bUJw isMG dI Xwdgwr

 

 

bohQ B`t

ieh ShId kIrq B`t dw pu`qr qy BIKw B`t dw poqw sI[ sMn 1711 ivc jdoN muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ny is`KW dw kqlyAwm krn dw hukm jwrI kIqw sI qW muZlW ny v`K-v`K QWvW qoN 40 is`K igR&qwr kr ky bwdSwh kol pyS kIqy sn[ bwdSwh ny aunHW nUM muslmwn bxn dI Srq ’qy irhw kr dyx dI pySkS kIqI sI[ jdoN aunHW ny nWh kr id`qI qW aunHW nUM 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn lwhOr Sihr dy bwhrvwr ipMf Awlovwl dI jUh ivc zmIn ivc ijaUNidAW nUM g`f ky mwr id`qw igAw sI[ ienHW cwlHIAW ivc BweI boihQ dy iqMn pu`qr (kySo isMG, hrI isMG, dysw isMG) Aqy cwr poqry (kyso isMG dw pu`qr nrbd isMG Aqy hrI isMG dy iqMn pu`qr: qwrw isMG, syvw isMG, dyvw isMG) vI Swiml sn.

ibSn isMG pitAwlw

ibSn isMG mhwrwjw pitAwlw dw iek mulwwzm sI[ sMn 1940 ivc auh pitAwlw dy iek smwj syvk gurmuK isMG nUM imilAw sI jo goieMdvwl ivc gurduAwirAW dI syvw krvw irhw sI[ aus dI syvw nUM vyK ky ibSn isMG bVw pRBwivq hoieAw sI[ aus ny nOkrI C`f id`qI sI Aqy gurmuK isMG dy j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ gurmuK isMG 30 nvMbr 1947 dy idn cVHweI kr igAw sI[ ies mgroN ibSn isMG nMdyV clw igAw sI Aqy au~Qy sMgqW dI syvw krn lg ipAw sI[ pMj swl mgroN auh pMjwb priqAw sI Aqy aus ny goieMdvwl Aw ky ie`Qy bwaulI swihb dI kwr syvw SurU kr id`qI sI[ ies mgroN aus ny cmkOr swihb Aqy drbwr swihb ivc mMjI swihb dI kwr syvw SurU kIqI sI[ ibSn isMG ny nw qW goieMdvwl dI purwxI bwaulI dI inSwnI kwiem rihx id`qI sI Aqy nw hI cmkOr dI gVHI nUM hI[ aus ny swrIAW inSwnIAW ^qm kr ky sMgmrmr dIAW byjwn iemwrqW KVHIAW kr id`qIAW sn[ nvMbr 1973 ivc aus nUM ADrMg ho igAw sI, ijs nwl auh 22 nvMbr 1973 dy idn cVHweI kr igAw sI. hor vyKo: cmkOr.

ibSn isMG murwly vwlw

BweI ibSn isMG (11.3.1852- 27.1.1906), pu`qr lwl dyv, dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy iek ipMf bohQ (izlHw gujrwq) ivc hoieAw sI[ in`ky huMidAW nUM auh ipMf ivc bkrIAW cwirAw krdw sI[ ies dy nwl-nwl hI aus ny pMjwbI dI pVHweI vI kr leI sI Aqy nwl hI gurbwxI Aqy is`K ieiqhws vI pVHnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ isr& 13 swl dI aumr ivc aus ny Gr C`f id`qw sI Aqy AMimRqsr, qrnqwrn, nwnkwxw swihb, lwhOr, krqwrpur, kIrqpur, AnMdpur swihb Awid dI Xwqrw ’qy inkl ipAw sI[ ies mgroN auh hrduAwr, Alwhbwd (pRXwgrwj), bdrInwQ, rwmySvrm, mQurw, AXoiDAw Aqy gXw ivc ihMdU qIrQW ’qy vI GuMmdw irhw sI[ sMn 1873 ivc auh AMimRqsr AwieAw sI Aqy ie`Qy KMfy dI pwhul lY ky is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh pMfq qwrw isMG qy pMfq swDU isMG dw cylw bx igAw sI[ sMn 1882 ivc auh BweI hrnwm isMG dw cylw bx igAw sI Aqy aus qoN gurbwxI dI kQw is`KI sI[ ies mgroN aus ny cupwlw ipMf ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dI kQw krnI SurU kIqI sI[ igAwnI AmIr isMG dI mOq mgroN auh ipMf murwlw (izlHw gujrwq) clw igAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny Awpxw fyrw kwiem kIqw sI[ igAwnI suMdr isMG iBMfrW, igAwnI pRym isMG murwlw, igAwnI Bwg isMG GYbyvwlw Awid aus dy ividAwrQI sn[ sMn 1905 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

ibSn isMG murwlw

ibSn isMG kWJlw

ibSn isMG (1862-1949), pu`qr Aqr isMG dw jnm ipMf kWJlw (izlHw sMgrUr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI; pr aus ny bhuqI dyr nOkrI nhIN kIqI sI[ nOkrI C`f ky ipMf Awaux mgroN aus ny ivAwh kr ilAw sI[ aus dy Gr iek pu`qr ny jnm ilAw sI, jo 13 swl dI aumr ivc cVHweI kr igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh Gr C`f ky msqUAwxw ivc BweI Aqr isMG dy fyry ’qy clw igAw sI[ Aqr isMG sMn 1927 ivc cVHweI kr igAw sI[ aus dI QW ’qy gulwb isMG nUM ies fyry dI syvw sMBwl sONpI geI sI[ gulwb isMG vI sMn 1935 ivc cVHweI kr igAw sI[ aus dI mOq mgroN msqUAwxw fyrw dI izMmydwrI ibSn isMG nUM sONpI geI sI[ Agly 14 swl auh ieh syvw inBwauNdw irhw sI.

ibSn isMG kWJlw

ibSn isMG (jYqo)

1. ibSn isMG ipMf mWgt (izlHw gujrwq, p`CmI pMjwb) dw rihx vwlw sI[ jdoN jYqo morcw l`gw sI qW ieh pihly ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 9 &rvrI 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN c`ilAw sI Aqy 21 &rvrI dy idn jYqo irAwsq dI h`d ivc dwi^l hoieAw sI[ AMgRyzI &Oj ny j`Qy ’qy golIAW clw ky drjnW is`K mwr id`qy sn[ aunHW ivc ieh ibSn isMG vI Swiml sI

2. ibSn isMG p`CmI pMjwb dy iek ipMf GsItpur (izlHw lwielpur, hux &Yslwbwd) dw rihx vwlw sI[ jdoN jYqo morcw l`gw sI qW ieh pMjvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 12 ApRYl 1924 dy idn lwielpur qoN c`l ky AMimRqsr pu`jw sI[ iPr 26 ApRYl nUM AMimRqsr qoN c`ilAw sI Aqy 21 meI 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI[ j`Qy ivc Swiml is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc kæYd kr id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy srkwrI qS`dd kwrn ieh kæYd ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI.

3. ibSn isMG ipMf au~plI (izlHw AMimRqsr) dw rihx vwlw sI[ jdoN jYqo morcw l`gw sI qW ieh pMjvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 26 ApRYl nUM AMimRqsr qoN c`ilAw sI Aqy 21 meI 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI[ j`Qy ivc Swiml is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc kæYd kr id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy srkwrI qS`dd kwrn ieh kæYd ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI.

ibSn kOr

mwqw ibSn kOr BweI lwl cMd suiB`KI dI pqnI Aqy mwqw gujrI dI mwqw sn[ lwl cMd Aqy aus dy pirvwr dI gurU hirgoibMd swihb nwl bhuq nyVqw sI[BweI lwl cMd Aqy mwqw ibSn kOr sMn 1631 ivc sUrj m`l (bytw gurU hirgoibMd swihb) dy ivAwh ivc Swiml hox vwsqy gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) Awey hoey sn[ ies mOky ’qy aunHW ny nOjvwn (gurU) qyZ bhwdr, ijs dI aumr aus vyly isr& 10 swl sI, dy drSn kIqy sn[ mwqw ibSn kOr Aqy lwl cMd nUM ieh nOjvwn bhuq ipAwrw l`igAw sI Aqy aus ny gurU hirgoibMd jI nUM AwpxI ^wihS dw iezhwr kIqw sI ik jy auh pRvwngI dyx qW (gurU) qyZ bhwdr dI SwdI aunHW dI bytI gujrI nwl kr id`qI jwvy[ gurU jI ny iek dm hW kr id`qI sI Aqy Agly swl 14 sqMbr 1632 dy idn (gurU) qyZ bhwdr dI SwdI (mwqw) gujrI nwl kr id`qI geI sI.

ibSn isMh

 ieh pMfq ^uShwl cMd (isMG) jmWdwr dw muqbMnw sI[^uShwl cMd (isMG) mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw ifEFIdwr sI[^uShwl cMd (isMG) ny ies nUM pVHweI krn vwsqy luiDAwxw dy imSn skUl ivc ByijAw sI, ij`Qy ieh AMgRyzW nwl rl igAw sI[ vwips Aw ky ieh vI mhwrwjw dI &Oj ivc nOkrI kr lg ipAw sI[ sMn 1848 ivc jdoN dIvwn mUl rwj ny bZwvq kIqI sI qW ies dy hyTW &OjIAW ny mUl rwj Aqy cqr isMG AtwrIvwlw dw swQ id`qw sI, pr ieh AMgryzW v`l ho ky liVAw sI[ ies ny jnrl g& dI AgvweI hyT is`K &OjW dy i^lw& lVweI kIqI sI[ AMgryzW ny ies nUM ies dI v&wdwrI dw eInwm dyx vwsqy v`fI jwgIr id`qI sI.

ibSn isMh kCvwhw
ieh jYpur (Awmyr irAwsq) dy kCvwhw ^wndwn dy ikSn isMh dw pu`qr, rwjy rwm isMh dw poqw Aqy jY isMh imrzw dw pVpoqw sI[ ies dw jnm sMn 1672 ivc hoieAw sI[ ies dw ipqw ikSn isMh sMn 1682 ivc GrogI JgVy ivc mwirAw igAw sI; audoN ieh isr& ds swl dw sI[ Awpxy dwdy rwjw rwm isMG imrzw dI mOq (30 ApRYl 1688 ) mgroN ieh jYpur irAwsq dw rwjw bx igAw sI[ muZl bwdSwh AOrMgzyb ny kw&I dyr mgroN ies nUM rwjw mMinAw sI[ ies dI mOq 31 dsMbr 1699 dy idn hoeI sI.

ibSn dws sBrvwl

sBrvwl dw BweI bwlU gurU rwmdws swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: pUro mwxk cMd hY, ibsn dws prvwr sDwrw (vwr 11, pauVI 17).

bIrbl

ies dw Asl nW mhyS cMdr sI[ ieh bRwhmxW dI B`t goqR nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh joDpur dy rwjy dI bytI, ijs dw ivAwh Akbr nwl hoieAw sI, dy iek syvk vjoN Akbr dy drbwr ivc AwieAw sI[ AwpxI cusqI kr ky ieh CyqI hI vzIr dw drjw hwisl kr cukw sI[ ies ny Akbr dw nvW mzhb ‘dIn-ie-ielwhI’ kbUl kr ilAw sI[ &rvrI 1586 ivc Akbr ny ies nUM XUs&zeI A&ZwnW dy i^lw& iek muihMm ivc ByijAw sI ijs ivc ies dI mOq ho geI sI[ ieh vI ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh mirAw nhIN sI qy ies ny Awpxy kpVy iksy mry ispwhI nUM pw id`qy sn Aqy Awp bc ky inkl igAw sI; Aqy ies ny bwkI aumr iek sMinAwsI vjoN guzwrI sI[ ies bwry mShUr hY ik ieh bVw hwzr-jvwb sI[ ies dy nW nwl lokW ny bhuq swry lqI&y bxwey hoey hn[

bIrbl bwry is`KW ivc vI iek khwxI mShUr hY[ies khwxI muqæwibkæ ipRQI cMd ny ies rwhIN vI gurU Arjn swihb nUM muSikl ivc pwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI[ khwxI muqæwibkæ jdoN Akbr ny bIrbl nUM id`lI qoN srh`dI sUby dI muihMm ’qy ByijAw sI qW id`lI qoN kUc krn qoN pihlW bIrbl ny Akbr qoN ieh prvwnw lY ilAw sI ik auh rsqy ivc swry KqrIAW qoN tYks vsUl kr skygw, ijs nwl aus dI muihMm dw ^rcw inkl Aweygw[ ipRQI cMd dI swizS sdkw, jd auh goieMdvwl dy p`qx qoN lMG irhw sI qW aus ny Awpxw eylcI gurU-dw-c`k ivc ByijAw sI qy gurU jI nUM ‘KqrI tYks’ dyx vwsqy ikhw sI[ gurU jI ny aus eylcI nUM jvwb idqw sI ik is`K ihMdU nhIN hn qy nw hI is`KW ivc zwq-pwq huMdI hY, ies kr ky KqrIAW vwlw tYks is`KW ’qy lwgU nhIN huMdw[ ies eylcI ny bIrbl nUM gurU jI dy jvwb bwry disAw sI qW aus ny Amwnq ^wn dI srW qoN Awpxw eylcI dobwrw Byj ky gurU jI nUM DmkI idqI ik jW qW tYks idE jW mYN vwpsI ’qy hmlw kr idAWgw[ pr bIrbl pTwxW nwl lVweI qoN muV nhIN sikAw sI.

bIr isMG nOrMgwbwdI

bIr isMG (15.7.1768 – 7.5.1844), puqr syvw isMG dw jnm ipMf g`go bUhw (izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn ho ky auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ bIr isMG dI Bwg isMG kurI vwsI Aqy swihb isMG bydI nwl sMgq rhI sI[ &Oj dI nOkrI C`fx mgroN nOrMgwbwd ipMf dw dsONDw isMG nW dw iek is`K aus nUM Awpxy ipMf lY igAw sI[ ie`Qy bIr isMG ny iek fyrw kwiem kIqw sI ijs nwl sYNkVy qy iPr hzwrW lok juV gey sn[

15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn sMDWvwlIAW v`loN mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy kæql mgroN AjIq isMG Aqy lihxw isMG qW is`K &Oj v`loN mwry jw cuky sn, pr AjIq isMG bc ky inkl igAw sI Aqy auh bIr isMG dy fyry ivc Aw igAw sI[ bIr isMG ny aus nUM Awpxy kol pnwh dy id`qI sI[ ies dOrwn hIrw isMh fogrw ny &Oj Byj ky bIr isMG qoN mMg kIqI ik auh AjIq isMG nUM aus dy hvwly kr dyvy[ jd bIr isMG ny nWh kIqI qW fogrw &Oj ny fyry ’qy golwbwrI SurU kr id`qI sI, ijs nwl bIr isMG dw s`jw gofw cUr ho igAw qy bwkI srIr vI golIAW nwl ClxI ho igAw sI Aqy ies nwl aus dI mOq vI ho geI sI[ ies hmly ivc Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw, kMvr kSmIrw isMG (pu`qr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG), dIvwn ivswKw isMG Aqy 1500 dy krIb hor is`K mwry gey sn[ies dy nwl hI hIrw isMh dI &Oj ny swrw fyrw vI lut ilAw sI[

bIr isMG dy imRqk srIr nUM iek plMG) nwl bMnH ky dirAw burd kIqw igAw sI[ pr, mu`TIAW vwlw ipMf kol auh plMG ruk igAw sI[ ies ’qy gMfw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny aus plMG nUM bwhr k`F ky bIr isMG sskwr kr id`qw sI Aqy rwK iljw ky nOrMgwbwd ivc aus dI smwD bxw id`qI sI. hor vyKo: nOrMgwbwd.

bIr isMG dw iek klipq icqR

bIr isMG (jYqo)

BweI bIr isMG, ipMf A`KvwlI (izlHw ijhlm, p`CmI pMjwb) dw rihx vwlw sI[ jdoN jYqO morcw SurU hoieAw qW auh qIjy ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 3 mwrc 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN cl ky 7 ApRYl 1924 dy idn nwBw pu`jw sI[ j`Qy nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc f`k id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc srkwrI qs`dd Aqy mwVI ^urwk kwrn auh kæYd dOrwn hI cVHweI kr igAw sI.

bIr isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

BweI bIr isMG (1889 – 18.8.1916), pu`qr bUtw isMG dw jnm ipMf bwhovwl (izlHw hoiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1906 ivc auh knyfw clw igAw sI[ jdoN Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI sI qW auh ies ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ jdoN kwmwgwtw mwrU jhwz knyfw igAw sI Aqy ies dy muswi&rW nUM vYnkUvr ivc auqrn nhIN id`qw igAw sI, qW ienHW muswi&rW vwsqy j`dojihd krn vwly muK AwgUAW ivc auh vI iek sI[ jdoN Zdr pwrtI dy AwgUAW ny hiQAwrbMd j`dojihd krn vwsqy pMjwb nUM jwxw SurU kIqw qW sur`iKAq pMjwb phuMc jwx vwilAW ivcoN auh iek sI[ aus ny c`bw Aqy swhnyvwl fwikAW ivc SmUlIAq kIqI sI[ iksy sUhIey dI ieqlwh ’qy aus nUM 6 jUn 1915 dy idn ic`tI ipMf qoN igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ aus ’qy muk`dmw clw ky aus nUM &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ 18 jUn 1916 dy idn aus nUM lwhOr jyl ivc &WsI ’qy cVHw id`qw igAw sI.

bIr Kwlsw dl

mwstr qwrw isMG ny rwStr soiem syvk sMG (Awr.AYs.AYs. AYs.) dI qrz ’qy is`K nOjvwnW dI iek jQybMdI kwiem kIqI sI[ ies dw mu`F 5 nvMbr 1949 dy idn bMinHAw igAw sI[ ies dw pYtrn sMn 1940 ivc kwiem kIqI geI ‘Akwl &Oj’ vwlw hI sI[ sMn 1960 qk ieh sMsQw bhuq Swn nwl cldI rhI sI[ ies sMsQw dy muKI dw Ahudw ‘srdwr-ie-Awzm’ dw sI[ mwstr qwrw isMG ies dw pihlw ‘srdwr-ie-Awzm’ sI[ 22 nvMbr 1967 ivc aus dI mOq mgroN jQydwr sMqoK isMG qy aus mgroN hrcMd isMG lONgovwl nUM ies dw ‘srdwr-ie-Awzm’ cuixAw igAw sI; pr mwstr qwrw isMG qoN mgroN ieh sMsQw isr& nW dI sMsQw hI rih geI sI[ ies sMsQw dy muKI AwgUAW ivc ipRMsIpl iekbwl isMG, igAwnI &Ojw isMG, igAwnI hrBgq isMG nwrMggvwl, svrn isMG luiDAwxw, kYptn surjIq isMG gujrvwl, m`Kx isMG qy hrijMdr isMG idlgIr jlMDr Swiml sn.

bIr Kwlsw dl dy smwgm ivc inSwn swihb lihrwaux dI rsm (luiDAwxw 1966) (K`ibEN s`jy: ic`tI vrdI ivc svrn isMG luiDAwxw, nwl Tykdwr surjn isMG, iek C`f ky kot-pYNt ivc hrijMdr isMG idlgIr.

ibnod isMG qryhn

ieh gurU AMgd swihb jI dI kul ivcoN sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ieh vDyry gurU swihbwn dy nwl irhw krdw sI Aqy gurU drbwr dw ih`sw irhw sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI nMdyV gey sn qW ieh aunHW dy nwl hI sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq nUM jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny AnMdpur iqAwigAw sI qW ieh au~Qy mOjUd nhIN sI ikauNik ies dw izkr cwlHI is`KW ivc nhIN AwauNdw ijnHW ny gurU jI dy nwl Aw^rI smyN qk rihx dw pRx kIqw sI; ieh sMn 1706 ivc iksy smyN qlvMfI swbo ivc gurU jI nUM imilAw ho skdw hY jW jdoN gurU jI id`lI ivc sn qW ieh aunHW dy nwl Swiml ho igAw hovy[ 5 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn jdoN gurU jI ny bMdw isMG bhwdur nUM is`K &OjW dI kmwn sONpI sI qW aus dy nwl pMj swQI BgvMq isMG bMgySrI, koier isMG, bwz isMG, ibnod isMG Aqy kwhn isMG vI Byjy sn[ ies ny bMdw isMG dy nwl Aw ky muZl hwkmW dy i^lw& jMg ivc vD-cVH ky ih`sw pwieAw sI[ nvMbr 1710 ivc jdoN muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh qkrIbn iek l`K &Oj lY ky bMdw isMG dw ip`Cw krn vwsqy AwieAw qW ibnod isMG ny ieh v`fI &Oj dy i^lw& qrwvVI, AmIngVH, Qwnysr Aqy Swhbwd mwrkMfw dy nyVy cwr vwr lVweI kIqI sI; pr, eyfI v`fI &Oj dw mukwblw nw kr skx kwrn auh lohgVH clw igAw sI ij`QoN auh bMdw isMG bhwdur dy nwl inkl ky phwVI irAwsqW dy ielwky ivc clw igAw sI[ dsMbr 1715 ivc jdoN bMdw isMG gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc iGr igAw sI qW ieh au~Qy nhIN sI[ srUp cMMd B`lw (Aqy aus dI ilKq nUM pVH ky ilKx vwly kvI sMqoK isMG Aqy igAwnI igAwn isMG) ny iek g`p khwxI GV ky ieh pRcwr kIqw sI ik ies dw bMdw isMG nwl ie^iqlw& (mqByd) ho igAw sI Aqy auh mgroN muZlW nwl iml igAw sI (aus dI mOq kdoN Aqy ikvyN hoeI dw izkr ikqy nhIN imldw)[ ieh iblkul JUT Aqy kwlpink khwxI hY (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: q`q Kwlsw)[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik jdoN bMdw isMG gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc clw igAw sI qW aus ivc QW QoVHI hox kr ky auh Aqy iqMn cwr hzwr is`K gVHI ivc dw^l nhIN ho sky hoxgy Aqy auh Awpxy swQIAW sxy muZl &OjW nwl lV ky mwry gey hoxgy.

ibMnw au~pl

BweI ibMnw au~pl ksbw mIAW kI mOV (izlHw lwhOr) dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh gurU hir rwie swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ jdoN gurU jI ny rwm rwie nUM AOrMgzyb kol id`lI ByijAw sI qW aunHW ny dIvwn drgh m`l qy ibMnw au~pl nUM vI nwl ByijAw sI[ aus ny hI id`lI qoN kIrqpur Aw ky gurU hir rwie swihb nUM rwm rwey v`loN AOrMgzyb nUM ^uS krn dI hrkq krn bwry d`isAw sI[ ibMnw au~pl dy do byty sn[ Cotw mMgq isMG gurU goibMd isMG jI dI kol irhw krdw sI[ auh 29 Agsq 1700 dy idn iblwspurI &Oj v`loN qwrwgVH ijlHy ’qy kIqy gey hmly ivc lVidAW mwirAw igAw sI[ibMnw au~pl dw dUjw bytw sMgq isMG gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy nwl irhw sI Aqy sMn 1665 ivc gurU jI dy nwl hI Dmqwn qoN igR&qwr vI kIqw igAw sI[ mgroN auh BweI PyrU dw nW hyT mShUr hoieAw sI. vyKo: BweI PyrU.