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mnsUr

  AærbI mnsUr) 1. nSr (mdd) hwisl krn vwlw; ijs nUM r`b dI mdd imlI  hovy  
 2. &qhXwb, jyqU
 3. nOvIN sdI dw iek mShUr sU&I &kIr mnsUr h`lwj (sMn 858- 26.3.922), SY^ husYn ibn h`lwj dw pu`qr sI[ ies dw jnm eIrwn dy ngr bYzY ivc hoieAw sI[ ies dw ipqw h`lwj (rUM ipMjx) dw kMm krdw sI; ies kr ky ies dy nW nwl h`lwj juV igAw sI[ ies dy ipqw mzhb p`KoN pwrsI (zoroAwstRIAn) sI[ bwrW swl dI aumr ivc mnsUr ny kurwn ih&z (zbwnI Xwd) kr ilAw sI[ ies dy nwl hI auh &kIrW nwl bYTx lg ipAw sI[ vIh swl dI aumr ivc bsrw (ierwk) clw igAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny SwdI kr leI sI[ ie`Qy aus ny Amr m`kI vrgy sU&I dI sMgq vI hwisl kIqI sI[ kuJ swlW mgroN auh bZdwd clw igAw sI[ ie`Qy aus dw myl junYd bZdwdI nwl hooieAw sI[ ies mgroN auh mky dI izAwrq vwsqy clw igAw sI[ m`kw qoN Aw ky aus ny Awpxy m`q dw pRcwr SurU kr id`qw sI[ bhuq swry vzIr Aqy AmIr aus dy cyly bx gey sn;pr mOlwixAW ny aus dI mu^wl&q krnI SurU kr id`qI sI Aqy lokW nUM aus dy i^lw& BVkwauxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ ies ’qy auh bZdwd qoN pUrbI ierwn clw igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh dUjI vwr m`kw igAw sI[ aus nwl aus dy 400 cyly vI sn[ m`ky qoN Aw ky auh quriksqwn Aqy ihMd ivc vI igAw sI[ sMn 919 ivc auh qIjI vwr m`kw igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh bZdwd muiVAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny Anwl h`k (mYN s`c hW) dw pRcwr SurU kIqw sI[ ies smyN muslmwnW ivc i^lw&q dI jMg sUrU ho cukI sI; A^Ir Al muzqdIr ^lI&w bxn ivc kwmXwb ho igAw sI[ hux aus ny mnsUr dI igR&qwrI dw hukm dy idqw sI[ ies mgroN ieh bZdwd qoN cLw igAw sI[ pr, iqMn swl mgroN aus nuM igR&qwr kr ky korVy mwrn mgroN sUlI ’qy cVHw id`qw igAw sI Aqy ies dI lwS swV ky aus dI rwK nUM djlw ndI ivc roVH id`qw sI[ bhu sdIAW mgroN bZdwd ivc mnsUr dI kbr Aqy Xwdgwr bxweI geI sI[ mnsUr dIAW isiKAwvW ivc muK hn: duinAwvI pdwrQW dw iqAwg; prlok Aqy suKW dI vwsnw dw iqAwg; pUrn sMinAws[ auh ikhw krdw sI ik myry AMdroN sB kuJ ^wlI ho igAw hY; hux myry ivc isr& pRmwqmw hI hY[ r`b nwl ABydqw hI ienswn dw A^Ir hY/ mgroN aus dy cyilAW ny aus dIAW ilKqW nUM ikqwbI rUp ivc Cwp id`qw sI: irvwXwq, ikqwb-Al-qvwsIn, dIvwn-Al h`lwj, A^bwr A`l h`lwj ikqwbW ivc aus dIAW isiKAwvW CpIAW imldIAW hn.

mnsUr nUM &WsI id`qy jwx dw idRS

bZdwd ivc mnsUr dw mzwr

mnsuK, BweI

 

BweI mnsuK lwhOr dw iek vpwrI sI[ jnmswKIAW muqæwibkæ ieh Awpxy vpwr vwsqy sRIlMkw qk jwieAw krdw sI[ gurU swihb nwl ies dw myl mlsIAW (jlMDr) dy BweI BgIrQ rwhIN audoN hoieAw sI jdoN BgIrQ BweI mrdwnw dI bytI vwsqy lwhOr qoN kuJ swmwn ^rIdx vwsqy ies dI dukwn ’qy igAw sI[ g`lW ivc mnsuK ƒ BweI BgIrQ qoN pqw lgw ik ieh smwn gurU swihb ny Awpxy iek dosq mrdwnw dI bytI dI SwdI vwsqy mMgvwieAw hY[BgIrQ ny gurU nwnk swihb dI S^sIAq Aqy isiKAw bwry vI disAw[mnsuK au~qy gurU nwnk swihb dI S^sIAq dw eynw Asr hoieAw ik auh vI gurU swihb dy drSn krn dI ^wihS nwl BgIrQ dy nwl hI sulqwnpur ƒ cl ipAw[ sulqwnpur ivc mnsuK gurU nwnk swihb dy drSn kr ky srobr (AnMdq) ho igAw[ hux auh vI, BweI BgIrQ qy BweI mrdwnw vWg, sdw vwsqy gurU swihb dw hI ho igAw[ mgroN mnsuK iek vwr Awpxy  vpwr sbMDI  sRIlMkw igAw sI qW aus ny au~QoN dy rwjy iSvnwB nUM gurU nwnk swihb Aqy aunHW dI isiKAw bwry  jwxkwrI id`qI sI.

mnohr isMG mwrko

mnohr isMG (18.2.1917 – 26.8.2006), pu`qr sujwn isMG, dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw ijhlm dy ipMf gyXw ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny mu`FlI pVHweI rwvlipMfI qoN kIqI sI[ sMn 1947 ivc auh pitAwlw Aw igAw sI qy mgroN id`lI clw igAw sI[ mnohr isMG iek sPl vpwrI sI; aus ny id`lI ivc vI kwmXwbI nwl vpwr clwieAw sI [ mnohr isMG ny iek vwr iek i&ksr bxwaux dI &YktrI vI lweI sI Aqy ‘mwrko’ nW dI i&ksr bxwauxI SurU kIqI sI[ ies i&ksr dy nW kr ky hI mwrko l&z aus dy nW nwl juV igAw sI[mgroN auh Awpxy pu`qr kol inaUXwrk (AmrIkw) jw v`isAw sI[

     mnohr isMG nUM pRwcIn bIVW dy AiDAYn dw bhuq SOk sI[ auh ny bhuq swry sUibAW ivc c`kr lw ky gurU gRMQ swihb dIAW 300 qoN vD pRwcIn bIVW Aqy gurU swihbwn dy 250 dy krIb ^qW (hukmnwimAW) dw fUMGw AiDAYn kIqw sI[ aus dI ies Koj dw iek ih`sw aus dI mOq mgroN aus dy pu`qr ny ‘pRwcIn bIVW dI pirrkmw’ nW hyT CwipAw sI[ mnohr isMG mwrko ny sMn 1975 ivc iek in`kI ijhI ikqwb ‘ic`TIAW siqgurW v`l’ ilKI sI, ijs dIAW hux qk Swied 50 qoN vD AYfISnW Cp cukIAW hn[ ies ikqwb ivc aus ny is`KW ivc AweIAW Anmq Aqy mnmiq dIAW kwrvweIAW Aqy rsmW nUM bVy im`Ty qnz nwl pyS kIqw hY[ ieh ikqwb A`j vI nvIN ilKq jwpdI hY[ mnohr isMG iek kvI vI sI[ aus nUM ^q ilKx dw vI bhuq SOk sI; aus dy ^q Awpxy Awp ivc iek swihqk rcnw ijhy huMdy sn.

mnohr dws imhrbwn

 

mnohr dws imhrbwn (9.1.1581-18.1.1640) ieh ipRQI cMd mIxw dw pu`qr Aqy gurU rwmdws jI dw poqrw sI[ ieh bhuqw smW Awpxy nwnky ipMf hyhr (izlHw lwhOr) ivc irhw sI[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kYd sn qW ip`CoN ies dy ipqw ipRQI cMd (qwieAw gurU hirgoibMd swihb) dI mOq ho geI sI[ irhweI mgroN gurU jI 28 dsMbr 1620 dy idn hyhr ipMf gey sn Aqy Awpxy qwey dI mOq dI imjwzpursI kIqI sI[ au~QoN gurU jI gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) Aw gey sn[ gurU jI Awpxy nwl imhrbwn nUM lY Awey sn qW jo aus dI rozI c`l sky[ aus nUM drbwr swihb ivc dIvw b`qI jgwaux dI syvw dy id`qI sI[ BwvyN gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny imhrbwn nUM drbwr swihb ivc nOkrI dy id`qI sI, pr mgroN auh Awpxy Awp nUM gurU rwmdws dI dw poqw ds ky lokW qoN m`Qy itkwaux Aqy cVHwvy vI lYx lg ipAw sI[ aus ny Awpxw pMQ vI SurU kIqw sI ijs nUM ‘dIvwnw pMQ’ Aqy ‘imhrbwnIAw pMQ’ vI kihMdy sn[

     imhrbwn ny kuJ ikqwbW vI ilKIAW sn, ijnHW ivc hyT ilKIAW vI Swiml hn: gurU nwnk swihb dI jnmswKI, vwr pIrW kI, suKmnI shMsrnwmw, goStW (ienHW dI igxqI 575 sI pr isr& 288 hI imldIAW hn[  imhrbwn dI jnmswKI ivc bhuq swriAW kwlpink g`lW ilKIAW hoeIAW hn[ aus dI rcnw vwr pIrW kI iek cwplUsI dI rcnw hY; aus ivc muslwn pIrW dI ^Ub qwrI& kIqI hoeI hY ijs dw mksd muslmwn hwkmW Aqy mOlvIAW nUM ^uS krnw sI[

     kysr isMG iCbr muqæwibkæ aus ny bhuq swrIAW kivqwvW vI ilKIAW sn, ijnHW ivc ‘nwnk’ kwiv-Cwp dI vrqoN kIqI sI, Aqy, aunHW kivqwvW ’qy ‘mhlw sqvW’ iliKAw krdw sI (qW jo lok BulyKy nwl aus nUM gurbwxI hI smJ lYx); aus dy pu`qr hirjI ny vI bhuq swrIAW kivqwvW qy kuJ vwrqk vI ilKI sI[ auh vI Awpxy Awp nUM ‘mhlw ATvW’ iliKAw krdw sI.

mMJ,BweI

BweI mMJ dw Asl nw qIrQ sI, pr bhuqy lok aus nUM aus dI zwq (mMJ rwjpUq) vjoN hI jwxdy sn[ auh izlHw hoiSAwrpur dy ipMf kMg mweI dw rihx vwlw sI[ qIrQ mMJ iek muslmwn pIr sKI srvr dw cylw sI[ sMn 1585 ivc auh iek vwr gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) igAw sI Aqy aus dw myl gurU Arjn swihb nwl hoieAw sI[ aus ny is`KW dI jIvn jWc vyK ky is`K Drm ivc Swiml hox dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI sI[ gurU jI ny aus ikhw ik qYnUM sKI srvr dI pUjw C`fxI pvygI, ikauNik ‘is`KI au~qy is`KI nhIN itkdI’[  ies ’qy mMJ ny sKI srvr nUM C`fx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ jd auh ipMf muiVAw qW aus ny sKI srvwr dI pUjw vwsqy bxwieAw QVHw Fwh id`qw sI[ ies ’qy aus dy irSqydwrW ny aus nl sbMD qoV ley sn[ ies hwlq ivc auh gurU-dw-c`k Aw igAw sI[ gur jI ny aus nUM lMgr vwsqy lkVW k`t ky ilAwaux dI syvw sONp idqI sI[ auh jMgl ivc jWdw Aqy lkVW k`t ky ilAwauNdw, ijs ivcoN auh kuJ Awpxy guzwry vwsqy vyc dyNdw sI Aqy kuJ lkVW auh lMgr vwsqy Byt kr idAw krdw sI[ iek swKI muqæwibkæ auh iek vwr lMgr vwsqy lkVW isr ’qy ilAw r`K ky irhw sI qW rwh ivc aus dw pYr iqlk igAw Aqy auh KUh ivc ifg igAw[ lokW ny vyiKAw qW aunHW ny r`sI lmkw ky ies nUM bwhr Aw jwx vwsqy AwiKAw[ ies ny pihlW lkVW r`sI nwl bMnH ky aupr ByjIAW (qW jo lMgr dIAW ig`lIAW nw ho jwx) qy Awp mgroN bwhr AwieAw sI[ jd ieh g`l gurU Arjn swihb nUM pqw lgI qW aunHW ikhw sI “mMJ ipAwrw gurU ko, gurU ipAwrw mMJ[” kuJ smW mgroN aus dy irSqydwr gurU-dw-c`k Awey sn Aqy auh vI is`KI ivc Swiml ho gey sn[ ies mgroN auh ipMf muV igAw sI Aqy aus ielwky ivc is`KI dw prcwr krdw irhw sI[ gurU jI sMn 1595 ivc aus nUM imlx vwsqy aus dy ipMf gey sn.

 

 

hor vyKo: kMg mweI.

mnI isMG, BweI

 

BweI mnI isMG dw jnm 10 mwrc 1644 dy idn BweI mweI dws dy Gr ipMf AlIpur, izlHw muz`&rgVH (pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ jnm vyly aunHW dw nW mnI rwm r`iKAw igAw sI[ aus ƒ lwf nwl ‘mnIAw’ AwK ky bulwieAw jWdw sI[sMn  1657 ivc aus dw ipqw mweI dws aus ƒ kIrqpur lY igAw sI qy gurU hir rwie swihb ƒ Arpx kr id`qw sI[ aus idn qoN mnI rwm (isMG) kIrqpur rihx l`g ipAw sI[ qkrIbn fyF swl aus ny gur drbwr ivc syvw kIqI sI[ sMn 1659 ivc auh vwips Awpxy ipMf igAw sI[ aus dw ivAwh bIbI sIqo (pwhul qoN mgroN bsMq kOr) pu`qrI lKI rwey Xwdv vxjwrw (jo audoN ipMf KYrpur ivc rihMdy sn qy mgroN ipMf rswienw, id`lI cly gey sn) nwl hoieAw sI[ ivAwh qoN mgroN kuJ mhIny AlIpur rih ky auh vwips kIrqpur prq igAw sI qy gurU drbwr ivc syvw krn l`g ipAw sI[

     6 AkqUbr 1661 dy idn gurU hir rwie swihb joqI joiq smw gey sI[ ies mgroN mnI rwm gurU hrikRSn swihb dI syvw ivc vI hwzr irhw sI[ jdoN AOrMgzyb ny gurU hrikRSn swihb ƒ id`lI bulwieAw qW 17 swl dw mnI rwm vI gurU swihb dy nwl igAw sI[ 25 mwrc 1664 dy idn gurU hirikRSn swihb Aqy AOrMgzyb ivc mulwkwq hoeI[ (audoN auh vI au~Qy hwizr sI) gurU hrikRSn swihb 30 mwrc 1664 dy idn joqI joiq smw gey sn Aqy (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb ƒ gurU Qwp gey sn[ Agsq dy SurU ivc auh mwqw sul`KxI qy horW nwl id`lI qoN pMjwb v`l c`l ipAw sI[[ 11 Agsq 1664 dy idn (gurU) qyZ bhwdr swihb ƒ bkwlw ivKy rsmI qOr ’qy guirAweI sONpI geI[ auh vI aus rsm ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN auh gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI syvw ivc hwizr irhw sI[ 20 Agsq  1664 dy idn jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb bkwlw qoN kIrqpur swihb vwsqy cly qW mnI rwm vI aunHW dy nwl igAw sI[ kuJ icr mgroN mnI rwm QoVHy ijhy smyN vwsqy Awpxy ipMf igAw sI[

mwrc 1672 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb bkwlw qoN c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur swihb) Aw gey sn[ kuJ idnW mgroN mnI rwm vI gur drbwr ivc hwizr ho igAw sI[ 25 meI 1675 dy idn kSmIrI pMfq BweI ikrpw rwm d`q dI AgvweI hyT c`k nwnkI ivc gurU swihb kol &irAwd krn pu`jy sn Aqy gurU swihb ƒ Arz kIqI sI ik auh kSmIrI ihMdUAW dI jbrI Drm bdlI bMd krvwaux[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny soc ivcwr ky id`lI jwx dw &Yslw kIqw sI[ gurU swihb ny 8 julweI 1675 dy idn (gurU) goibMd isMG swihb ƒ gurg`dI sONpI Aqy 11 julweI ƒ Awp id`lI vwsqy c`l pey sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy jwx mgroN mnI rwm c`k nwnkI irhw sI Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI syvw ivc hwizr irhw sI[ ies vyly aus dI aumr 31 swl dI sI[ mnI rwm ny gurbwxI dw bhuq fUMGw muqwlw kIqw hoieAw sI[ aus ny &ls&y Aqy qvwrI^ dIAW bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW pVHIAW hoeIAW sn[

     gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI ShIdI mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny mnI rwm qoN gurU gRMQ swihb dI bIV iqAwr krvweI sI[ ieh bIV julweI 1678 ivc iqAwr ho cu`kI sI[ (ikauNik ieh bIV dmdmw swihb q^q (c`k nwnkI) dy AsQwn ’qy iqAwr hoeI sI ies kr ky ies ƒ “dmdmy vwlI bIV” dw nW id`qw igAw sI[ aunHIN idnIN gurU gRMQ swihb dw pihlw srUp (jo gurU Arjn swihb ny iqAwr krvwieAw sI qy BweI gurdws ny ikqwbq kIqI sI) DIr m`l dy fyry ’qy bkwlw ivKy ipAw sI[ auDr 24 julweI 1678 dy idn DIr m`l dy pu`qr rwm cMd ƒ AOrMgzyb ny id`lI ivc kql krvw id`qw sI[ 9 Agsq 1678 dy idn rwm cMd dy Brw Bwr m`l ny Awpxy Brw nimq gurU gRMQ swihb dy pwT dw Bog pwieAw Aqy AMiqm Ardws kIqI[ ies mOky ’qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny mnI rwm ƒ Awpxy numwieMdy vjoN bkwly ByijAw sI[ Bog qoN mgroN mnI rwm ny Bwr m`l ƒ AwiKAw ik gurU swihb ny gurU gRMQ swihb dI bIV iqAwr krvweI hY[ aus qoN ielwvw hor bIVW vI iqAwr ho rhIAW hn[ aunHW dIAW lgW-mwqRW dI suDweI vwsqy gurU gRMQ swihb dw pihlw srUp kuJ icr vwsqy dy idE[ Bwr m`l ny bhwnw lwieAw ik auh bkwlw C`f ky krqwrpur jw irhw hY qy gurU swihb iksy ƒ bIV dy ky krqwrpur Byj dyx qy au~Qy Aw ky lgW-mwqRW soD leIAW jwx[mnI rwm ny swrI g`lbwq gurU swihb ƒ jw d`sI[ A^Ir gurU swihb ny aus ƒ krqwrpur Byj ky auqwrw krvw ilAw Aqy iPr bIV mukMml krvweI[ ies mgroN mnI rwm ny hor poQIAW dy vI auqwry kIqy Aqy v`K-v`K pwsy sMgqW ƒ ByijAw[

     mnI rwm isr& kwiqb hI nhIN sn blik nwl hI bwxI dI kQw dw prvwh vI clwieAw krdw sI[ ies dy nwl-nwl “ispwhI” vI sI[ auh GoV-svwrI qy qlvwr clwaux ivc bhuq mwihr sI[ aus dw ijsm iekihrw sI qy auh bVw PurqIlw qy cusq sI[

     28 mwrc 1685 dy idn nwhn dy rwjy mydnI pRkwS dw vzIr AnMdpur AwieAw[ aus ny Arz kIqI ik gurU swihb nwhn ivc drSn dyx[ 13 ApRYl 1685 dy idn gurU swihb nwhn pu`jy[ mydnI pRkwS ny gurU swihb ƒ SwhI “jI AwieAW” AwiKAw Aqy Arz kIqI ik gurU swihb aus dI irAwsq ivc Aw ky rihx[ gurU swihb ny aus dI Arz kbUl kr ky pwauNtw swihb ipMf vsw ky au~Qy rihxw SurU kIqw sI[ ies swry smyN dOrwn mnI rwm gurU swihb dy nwl hI sI[

4 sqMbr 1687 dy idn Kurv`DI (hux fyhrwdUn) ivc rwm rwey dI mOq ho geI sI[ gurU swihb aus dI AMiqm Ardws vwsqy Kurv`DI gey[ ies mOky ’qy mnI rwm vI aunHW dy nwl igAw sI[ Agly swl aus dI brsI mnweI geI sI[ ies vwr gurU swihb ny dIvwn nMd cMd sMGw Aqy mnI rwm ƒ Kurv`DI ByijAw sI[ Bog vyly gurb^S rwey gurU gRMQ swihb dI qwibAw bYTw sI[ jdoN dIvwn nMd cMd Ardws krn l`gw qW msMd gurb^S rwey ny koeI mwVw bol boilAw[ ies ’qy mnI rwm ny aus ƒ gRMQ swihb dI qwibAw qoN auTw ky bWh PV ky hyTw su`t id`qw[ hyTW if`gx mgroN jdoN gurb^S rwey ny Pyr bolxw SurU kIqw qW isMGW ny ikrpwnW DUh leIAW[ ies ’qy msMd gurb^S rwey Aqy aus dy swQI dOV gey sn[ gurb^S rwey ny gVHvwl dy rwjy Pqy Swh ƒ BVkw ky pwauNtw swihb ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy iqAwr kr ilAw sI[ 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn BMgwxI ivKy lVweI hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc mnI rwm ny vI ^Ub jOhr idKwey sn[

     27 AkqUbr 1688 dy idn gurU swihb pwauNtw qoN AnMdpur swihb c`l pey sn[ mnI rwm vI aunHW dy nwl clw igAw sI[ mnI rwm dw gur drbwr ivc drjw dIvwn nMd cMd mgroN dUjy nMbr ’qy sI[ mnI rwm hr roz pihly pihr au~T ky, ieSnwn kr ky syvw ivc ju`t jwieAw krdw sI[ aus ny ieh roznwmcw hmySw ApxweI r`iKAw sI[ sMgqW ivc vI mnI rwm ƒ Adb qy ie`zq vwlw drjw hwisl sI[ gurU swihb vI mnI rwm ƒ bhuq ipAwr krdy sn[

    mwrc 1691 ivc Al& ^wn ny phwVI rwijAW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ iblwspur dy rwjy BIm cMd ny gurU jI qoN mdd mMgI[ gurU swihb dIvwn nMd cMd, dIvwn Drm cMd iC`br, mnI rwm qy Awlm cMd vrgy jrnYlW nUM lY ky ndOx gey sn[ 19 mwrc 1691 dy idn ndOx dI lVweI ivc mnI rwm ny ^Ub bhwdrI idKweI sI[ aus dy qIrW dy mINh ny AlP ^wn dI &Oj dy C`ky CuVw id`qy sn[ lVweI ij`qx mgroN gurU swihb  s`q idn ndOx dy rwjy dy mhl ivc rhy sn[ ATvyN idn auh AnMdpur swhb v`l c`l pey sn qy 28 mwrc 1691 dy idn AnMdpur swihb pu`jy sn[

     ies vyly dIvwn nMd cMd gurU swihb dw “drbwrI dIvwn” sI[ kuJ smW pihlW kuJ audwsI aus ƒ (gurU) gRMQ swihb dw iek auqwrw dy gey qW jo auh suDweI kr dyvy[ dIvwn nMd cMd aus bIV ƒ Awpxy ipMf lY igAw sI qy auh Awpxy Gr C`f AwieAw sI (ieh bIV A`j vI frolI BweI ivc peI hoeI hY)[ jdoN audwsIAw ny bIV mMgI qW auh mukr igAw sI[ audwsI ieh mwmlw gurU swihb kol lY gey sn[ jdoN dIvwn nMd cMd ƒ ieh pqw l`gw qW auh Gbrw ky AnMdpur swihb qoN iKsk igAw sI[ Gr jWdw hoieAw auh krqwrpur (jlMDr) ivc TihirAw sI ij`Qy DIr m`lIAW ny aus ƒ kql kr id`qw sI[

     dIvwn nMd cMd dy AnMdpur qoN iKsk jwx mgroN 29 mwrc 1691 dy idn gurU swihb ny mnI rwm ƒ “drbwrI dIvwn” Qwp id`qw sI[ aus vyly Drm cMd “GrbwrI dIvwn” sI[ hux dovyN ‘dIvwn’ gurU drbwr qy gurU Gr dw ieMqzwm krn l`g pey sn[

     meI 1693 ivc gurU swihb ny bWgr dyS dw dOrw kIqw[ ies dOrwn vI mnI rwm Awp dy nwl irhw sI[ &rvrI 1694 ivc gurU swihb KurvDI (fyhrwdUn) Aqy hrduAwr v`l gey qW mnI rwm vI Awp dy nwl igAw sI[ hrduAwr dI pMfw vhI ivc mnI rwm dy gurU swihb dy nwl 28 PrvrI 1696 dy idn hrduAwr pu`jx dw izkr hY[

     ies qoN do swl mgroN jdoN gurU swihb ny Kwlsw pRgt kIqw qy KMfy dI pwhul dyxI SurU kIqI qW pMj ipAwirAW Aqy pMj mukiqAW qoN mgroN bwkI isMGW ƒ KMfy dI pwhul id`qI geI qW ienHW dsW qoN mgroN sB qoN pihly  bYc ivc XwrHW is`KW ny AMimRq pwn kIqw sI[ ieh sn: mnI rwm (hux mnI) isMG, aus dy Cy pu`qr (icqr isMG, bicqr isMG, audY isMG, Ank isMG, Ajb isMG, Ajwieb isMG), cOpw isMG, dIvwn Drm isMG, BweI Awilm isMG Aqy BweI gurb^S isMG (rwm kuMvr)[

     iesy idn gurU dw c`k (rwmdwspurw, AMimRqsr) dIAW sMgqW ny gurU swihb ƒ Arz kIqI ik mIxy gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) C`f ky cly gey hn[ qusIN iksy muKI is`K ƒ au~QoN dI syvw sMBwlx vwsqy Byj idE[ gurU swihb ny BweI mnI isMG ƒ pMj swQI nwl dy ky AMimRqsr dw srbrwh bxw ky ByijAw sI[ BweI mnI isMG 2 meI 1698 dy idn AMimRqsr pu`jw Aqy 3 meI ƒ drbwr swihb ’c nIlw inSwn swihb Julw ky gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS kr id`qw[ ies qoN bwAd mnI isMG AMimRqsr hI rihx l`g ipAw sI[

     hux AMimRqsr ivc sMgqW dobwrw Awaux l`g peIAw sn[ mnI isMG roz kQw krn l`g ipAw sI[ ivc-ivc auh AnMdpur vI jwieAw krdw sI[ Agsq 1700 ivc jdoN Ajmyr cMd iblwspurI ny AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw kIqw qW auh vI au~Qy hwizr sI[ pihlI sqMbr 1700 dy idn iklHw lohgVH dI lVweI ivc auh Awpxy byitAW bicqr isMG qy audY isMG nwl rl ky phwVI &OjW dy i^lw& f`t ky liVAw sI[ auh ies lVweI ivc s^q z^mI ho igAw sI[ z^m TIk hox mgroN auh Pyr AMimRqsr clw igAw sI[ Agly pMj swl auh AMimRqsr irhw sI, pr gurU swihb dw pYZwm imlx ’qy  keI vwr AnMdpur igAw sI[ 2 AkqUbr 1703 dy idn gurU swihb ny mnI isMG dy pMj pu`qrW vwsqy iek ^ws hukmnwmw b^iSAw sI, ijs ivc aunHW ny aus dy pu`qrW ƒ “&rjMdh ^wny zwd” (^ws byty) AwiKAw sI:“siqgurU jI kI AwigAw hY[ BweI bicqr isMG jI[ BweI audY isMG jI[ BweI Aink jI[ BweI Ajb isMG jI[ BweI Ajwieb isMG jI[ nwiek mweI dws voie mnI isMG ƒ vwihgurU srm rKygw[ qusIN myry pu`qr &rjMdh ^wny zwd ho[ qusW aupr myrI KuSI hY[ sB vrqwry ky qusIN mihrm ho[ hor kOfI dmVI pYsw Dylw ruipAw riCAw dw jo Aswƒ dyeygw[ ieh myry &rjMd hYn[ is`KW (pu`qW) syvw dw vylw hY[ jo loc kY syvw kyrogy quhwfy syvw drgwih Qwie pvygI[ qusIN aupr vwihgurU riKAw krygw[ sMmq 1760 imqI kqk ñ”

     BweI mnI isMG dy pu`qrW ƒ ieh snmwn gurU swihb vloN id`qw jwxw ieh swibq krdw hY ik ies pirvwr dI gurU Gr ivc ^ws qy Aihm QW sI[mnI isMG ny Awpxy ieh pMjy pu`qr gurU swihb ƒ Byt kIqy hoey sn qy auh gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg hI rihMdy sn[

     5-6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb C`ifAw qW mnI isMG AMimRqsr hI rih irhw sI[ jdoN gurU jI qlvMfI swbo ivc sn qW auh jnvrI 1706 ivc gurU swihb ƒ qlvMfI swbo jw ky imilAw sI[ kuJ icr qlvMfI swbo rih ky Pyr AMimRqsr clw igAw sI[ AkqUbr 1706 ivc jdoN gurU swihb ny qlvMfI swbo qoN d`Kx jwx dw pRogrwm bxwieAw qW mnI isMG Pyr AMimRqsr qoN c`l ky qlvMfI swbo pu`jw sI[

     gurU swihb ny qlvMfI swbo qoN turn qoN pihlW gurU gRMQ swihb dw pwT krvwieAw sI[ pwT dI SurUAwq mnI isMG ny kIqI sI[ 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn ies pwT dw Bog pwieAw igAw sI[ ies mOky ’qy dUr-dUr qoN sMgqW hwizr sn[ dIvwn dy ^qm hox mgroN gurU swihb qlvMfI swbo qoN c`l pey sn[ Awp dy nwl mnI isMG qy cwr hor isMG GoiVAW ’qy svwr ho ky gey sn[

    30 nvMbr 1705 dy idn gurU swihb qy pMjy is`K kulwieq pu`jy sn[ ie`Qy Awp ƒ BweI dXw isMG qy BweI Drm isMG Aw imly sn[ aunHW ny AOrMgzyb ƒ gurU jI dw ^q dyx Aqy aus v`loN jvwb Byjx bwry d`isAw sI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ ikhw ik bwdSwh bhuq bzurg hY Aqy aus dI mOq kdy vI ho skdI hY qy Swied hux aus nwl myl nhIN ho skxw[ 20 &rvrI 1707 ƒ AOrMgzyb mr igAw[ aus vyly gurU swihb bGOr ivc sn[ hux Awp ny Aihmd ngr jwx dw i^Awl C`f id`qw sI[ eyQoN Awp ny 19 mwrc 1707 dy idn mnI isMG qy cwr hor is`KW ƒ AMimRqsr vwips jwx vwsqy ivdw kr id`qw[ gurU swihb Awp Swhjhwnbwd (id`lI) v`l c`l pey sn[

    mnI isMG ny AMimRqsr Aw ky Pyr dIvwn sjwxy SurU kr id`qy sn[ auDr 7 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn gurU swihb joqI joiq smw gey sn[ ies qoN pihlW auh 5 AkqUbr ƒ bwbw bMdw isMG ƒ pMjwb tor cu`ky sn[ bwbw bMdw isMG ny is`KW ƒ jQybMd krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[

     auDr, BwvyN mIxy 1697 ivc AMimRqsr qoN jw ky cu`ky sn pr aunHW dw iek mu^iqAwr cUhV m`l Ajy vI au~Qy hI sI[ cUhV m`l dy do pu`qr sn: mohkm isMG (ijs ny KMfy dI pwhul lY leI sI) Aqy rwmU m`l[ ivswKI (29 mwrc 1709) dy idnW ivc ies cUhV m`l ny drbwr swihb dI zmIn ivcoN kuJ qUqW dy dr`^q ktvw ley sn[ is`KW ny aus ƒ ienHW dw mu`l qwrn vwsqy AwiKAw[ pr auh AwkV igAw qy DmkIAW dyx l`g ipAw[ ies ’qy is`KW ny aus dI ‘syvw’ kr id`qI [ auh siVAw-bilAw lwhOr drbwr jw hwizr hoieAw[ pihlW qW lwhOr drbwr ny aus dI prvwh nw kIqI pr A^Ir aus v`loN vwr-vwr ArzoeI krn ’qy lwhOr dy nwieb sUbydwr ny p`tI dy cODrI hr shwie ƒ gurU-dw-c`k ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy AwK id`qw[ hr shwie ny 6 ApRYl ƒ AMimRqsr ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[mnI isMG qy qwrw isMG f`l-vW dI AgvweI hyT is`KW ny p`tI dI &Oj dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ hr shwie ^ud vI qwrw isMG f`l-vW h`QoN mwirAw igAw[ ies mgroN cUhV m`l 12 ApRYl1709 dy idn dyvw nW dy iek cODrI dI kmwn hyT &Oj lY AwieAw sI[ is`KW ny ies &Oj ƒ vI burI qrHW pCwiVAw sI[ ies mgroN kuJ icr Awrwm irhw sI[

     26 sqMbr 1709 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdur ny smwxy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ies nwl pMjwb ivc is`KW dw bolbwlw kwiem hox l`g ipAw sI[ bMdw isMG dIAW ij`qW mgroN muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh Awp v`fI &Oj lY ky pMjwb Aw igAw sI[ ies dOrwn bMdw isMG phwVW v`l inkl igAw sI[ BweI mnI isMG vI hwlwq ƒ smJdw hoieAw AMimRqsr qoN clw igAw sI[ bhwdr Swh ny 30 dsMbr 1711 ƒ AjIq isMG pwilq ƒ AMimRqsr dI jwgIr dy id`qI, qW jo aus ƒ bMdw isMG dy iKlw& vriqAw jw sky[ &rvrI 1712 ivc bhwdr Swh mr igAw qy AjIq isMG pwilq AMimRqsr qoN clw igAw sI[ ies dOrwn mnI isMG kuJ icr JMg dy ielwky ivc vI irhw sI[ aus ny Agly kuJ swl aus ielwky ivc ibqwey sn[ 9 mwrc 1716 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG nUM ShId kr id`qw igAw sI[ ies hwlq ivc mnI isMG AMimRqsr muV nhIN sikAw sI[

     Agly pMj swl is`KW vwsqy keI p`KoN AOKy sn[ sMn 1721 ivc BweI mnI isMG dobwrw AMimRqsr Aw igAw sI Aqy aus ny dIvwn sjwauxy SurU kr id`qy sn [ aus vyly drbwr swihb ’qy kwhn isMG qryhn (ijnHW nUM BuJMgI kihMdy sn (ikauN ik auh gurU AMgd swihb dI kul ivcoN sn) dw kbzw sI Aqy JMfw buMgw ’qy Amr isMG kMboj KymkrnI (jo bwbw bMdw isMG dw swQI irhw sI) dw kbzw sI[ iek idn Amr isMG r`Q ’qy svwr ho ky swQIAW ƒ lY ky drbwr swihb ’qy kbzw krn vwsqy AwieAw[ ies ’qy mnI isMG ny swry is`K s`d ky gurmqw kIqw ik AMimRqsr srovr ivc dohW DiVAw dIAW prcIAW pweIAW jwx[ ijs DVy dI prcI pihloN inkl Awvy aus A`gy dUjw isr invw dyvy[ kwhn isMG dy DVy dI prcI pihloN qr AweI sI[ ies mgroN kwhn isMG Aqy Amr isMG dy pihlvwnW dw Gol vI krvwieAw igAw; ies ivc vI Amr isMG dw Blvwn hwr igAw[ hux Amr isMG dy swQI qW kwnH isMG dI isrdwrI mMn gey pr Amr isMG Awp nhIN mMinAw sI[ ies dOrwn hoey JgVy ivc Amr isMG dI mOq ho geI sI[ ieh g`l 18 AkqUbr 1723 dI hY[ Agly iqMn swl mnI isMG ny AMimRqsr ivc ^Ub rOxkW lweIAW sn; svyry drbwr swihb qy Swm ƒ iek`T huMdy rhy sn[ ieh islislw kw&I dyr q`k suc`jy qrIky nwl cldw irhw sI[

    14 jnvrI 1723 dy idn BweI qwrw isMG vW dI ShIdI mgroN is`KW ny srkwr nwl do h`Q krn dw gurmqw kIqw sI[ 1726 ivc is`KW ny keI QwvW ’qy srkwrI ^zwny lu`t ley sn[ ies nwl BweI mnI isMG ƒ iek vwr Pyr gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) qoN jwxw ipAw[ kuJ swl is`KW Aqy srkwr ivc lukx mItI cldI rhI sI[ A^Ir zkrIAw ^wn ny is`KW ƒ nvwbI dI pySkS kIqI[ 29 mwrc 1733 dy idn drbwr swihb ivc iek`T hoieAw sI[ ies msyN mnI isMG, drbwrw isMG (Kwlsw &OjW dw muKI), (nvwb) kpUr isMG (Kwlsw &OjW dw ifptI muKI) Awid swry muKI is`K hwizr sn[ keI is`KW ny jgIr kbUl krn dI mu^wl&q kIqI, pr A^Ir gurmqw hoieAw ik qjrby vjoN nvwbI mnzUr kr leI jwey[

    is`KW ny nvwbI kbUl qW kr leI pr AMdroN aunHW dw mn nw mMinAw[ zwlm hkUmq nwl smJOqw AsUlI qOr ’qy Zlq sI[ ies kr ky do-iqMn mhIny mgroN hI smJOqw tu`txw SurU ho igAw sI[ is`KW ny keI jgHw Kzwny lu`ty sn qy AmIr ikswnW qoN mwlIAw augrwihAw sI[ ies ’qy AMimRqsr dy iek`T vI bMd ho gey[ jwgIr zbq hox mgroN is`K Pyr AwpxIAW pnwhgwhW ivc prq gey sn[ BwvyN mnI isMG AMimRqsr hI irhw sI pr is`KW dw Awauxw jwxw iblkul G`t igAw sI[ 1733 dy AkqUbr mhIny ivc mnI isMG ny hkUmq nwl g`lbwq kr ky 10 hzwr rupey dy tYks dI AdwiegI dI Srq ’qy dIvwlI vwly idnW ivc iek h&qy vwsqy AMimRqsr ’c is`KW dw iek iek`T s`idAw[ ieh iek`T 20 qoN 26 AkqUbr 1733 qk hoxw sI[ iek pwsy muZl hkUmq ny iejwzq dy id`qI pr dUjy pwsy &Oj ƒ cOks kr id`qw qW jo mOky ’qy hmlw kr ky v`D qoN v`D is`K mwry jw skx jW igR&qwr kIqy jw skx[ ies kwrvweI vwsqy lKpq rwey vzIr ƒ qeInwq kIqw hoieAw sI[ aus ny keI is`K igR&qwr kr ky ShId kIqy vI sn[ ieh ^br is`KW q`k vI pu`j geI Aqy ies kr ky iek`T nw ho sikAw[ cVHwvw nw cVHn kr ky mnI isMG im`QI rkm nhIN qwr sikAw sI[ A^Ir mnI isMG ny pihlI ivswK (9 ApRYl 1734) q`k dI muhlq hwisl kr leI[ ivswKI ’qy vI muZl &OjW ny ipr is`KW ’qy hmlw krn dI iqAwrI kr r`KI sI[ ies dw vI is`KW ƒ pqw l`g igAw[ ies nwl iek`T Pyr nw ho sikAw Aqy mnI isMG pYsy dw ieMqzwm nhIN kr sikAw sI[

    ies ’qy zkrIAw ^wn ny mnI isMG Aqy AMimRqsr ivc rih rhy bwkI is`KW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[ mnI isMG dy nwl aunHW dy Brw jgq isMG, do pu`qr (icqr isMG qy gurb^S isMG), gulzwr isMG, (bytw ShId Awlm isMG) sMgq isMG qy rx isMG (pu`qr nTIAw) Aqy mnI isMG dI pqnI sIqo bweI (bsMq kOr) ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[ ienHW s`qW qoN ielwvw BUpq isMG pu`qr jyTw isMG, mohkm isMG, AaulIAw isMG, kIrq isMG pu`qr &qih isMG, kwhn isMG qy keI horW ƒ vI igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ ienHW swirAW ƒ lwhOr dy kYdKwny ivc qsIhy id`qy gey sn[ ienHW ƒ “mOq” Aqy “ieslwm” ivcoN iek dI cox krn dI pySkS kIqI geI, pr, swirAw ny ShIdI kbUl kIqI sI[mnI isMG ƒ bMd-bMd k`t ky ShId kIqw igAw sI[ BUpq isMG dIAW A`KW k`F ky aus ƒ crKVI ’qy cwVH ky ShId kIqw igAw sI[ gulzwr isMG ƒ pu`Tw ltkw ky aus dI K`l auqwrI geI[ ieM\ hI bwkI is`KW ƒ vI vihSI qrIky nwl ShId kIqw igAw sI[

    BweI mnI isMG ny 90 swl qoN v`D aumr BogI sI, Aqy ies ivcoN 77 swl auh pMQ dI syvw krdw irhw sI[ auh iek s`cw sMq-ispwhI sI[ auh iek bhwdr XoDw, ivdvwn, igAwnI Aqy au~cy ie^lwk vwlw S^s sI[ pMQ dI qvwrI^ ’c aus dw nW hmySw Adb nwl ilAw jWdw rhygw[

     BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl iqMn ikqwbW vI joVIAW jWdIAW hn: is`KW dI Bgqmwlw, igAwn rqnwvlI qy jnmswKI gurU nnwk swihb[ pr ieh rcnwvW mnI isMG dIAW nhIN; ienHW dw lyKk sUrq isMG inrmlw (ipqw igAwnI sMq isMG inrmwlw) sI[ 

     lwhOr dy iklHy dy ip`Cy BweI mnI isMG dI ShIdI vwlI jgh iek v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; sMn 1947 ivc ies QW ’qy lokW ny kbzw kr ky dukwnW pw leIAW sn; pr aus gurduAwry dy guMbd dw kuJ ih`sw iek dukwn ivc Ajy vI mOjUd hY[

 

 

ShId gMj BweI mnI isMG’qy bxI hoeI dukwn

ShId gMj BweI mnI isMG’dy guMbd dw kuJ ih`sw

(ies &oto vwsqy DMnvwd fw. dlbIr isMG pMnU)

mMglW

 

mMglW (sMn 1816-1847) pIrU nW dy iek bhuq hI ZrIb mihry dI DI sI[ ies dw jnm kWgVw ivc hoieAw sI[ jd ieh 10 swl dI hoeI qW ies dy bwp ny ies nUM iek mIrwsI kol 25 rupY ivc vyc id`qw sI[ jd ieh 14 swl dI hoeI qW j`sw nW dy iek bMdy ny ies nUM ies dy pihly mwilk qoN ^rId ilAw sI Aqy ies nUM nwcI bxw ky lokW A`gy pyS krn dI Xojnw bxweI sI[ ieh au~QoN dOV AweI sI Aqy lwhOr drbwr ivc Aw ky nOkrI krn lg peI sI[ rwxI ijMdw ny ies nUM AwpxI injI syvdwrnI bxw ilAw sI[ ies dOrwn ies dw ieSk rwxI ijMdw dy Brw jvwhr isMG nwl cl ipAw sI; aus ny ies nUM qoSw^wnw dI cwbI sONp id`qI sI[ jvwhr isMG dy kql mgroN vI ieh rwxI ijMdw kol hI rhI sI[ sMn 1846 ivc AMgRyzW ny ies nUM nOkrI qoN k`F ky ies dI swrI jwiedwd zbq kr ky ies nUM jbrI hirduAwr Byj id`qw sI.

mMgl isMG rwmgVHIAw

 

mMgl isMG (sMn 1800-&rvrI 1879), pu`qr dIvwn isMG, sMn 1862 qoN 1879 qk drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dw srbrwh irhw sI[ auh kuJ smW mhwrwjw rxjIq isG Aqy hrI isMG nlvw dI &Oj ivc vI irhw sI[ sMn 1839 ivc aus nUM phwVI irAwsqW dw ingrwn bxw id`qw igAw sI[ aus ny ku`lu, sukyq Aqy mMfI ivc keI swl ibqwey sn[ sMn 1844 ivc aus nUM im`Tw itvwxw dy &qh ^wn dy i^lw& muihMm ivc ByijAw igAw sI[ sMn 1862 ivc drbwr swihb dw srbrwh joD isMG mwn rItwier hoieAw qW ies nUM aus dI QW ’qy srbrwh lwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1876 ivc ipMs Aw& vylz ny ies nUM sI.AYs.AweI dw i^qwb id`qw sI.

mMgl isMG ikRpwn bhwdur

 

mMgl isMG (1895-20.2.1921) r`qw nW dy iek mzhbI Aqy hukmI mweI dw pu`qr sI[ in`kyy huMidAW hI auh lCmx isMG DwrovwlI dy j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ sMn 1913 ivc aus ny pwhul leI sI Aqy sMn 1915 ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ &Oj ivc rihMidAW auh iqMn Pu`tI ikrpwn Awpxy kol r`iKAw krdw sI[ &OjI A&srW ny aus nUM v`fI ikrpwn r`Kx qoN roikAw sI Aqy jd aus ny ikrpwn lwhux qoN nWh kr id`qI sI qW aus dw kort mwrSl kr ky aus nUM iek swl kYd dI szw id`qI geI sI[ irhweI mgroN pMc Kwlsw dIvwn ny aus nUM ‘ikrpwn bhwdur’ dw i^qwb id`qw sI[  sMn 1920 ivc aus dw ivAwh hoieAw sI; ayus dI GrvwlI 18 &rvrI 1921 dy idn aus dy Gr AweI sI[ Agly idn hI auh lCmx isMG dy nwl j`Qy ivc Swiml ho ky nwnkwxw igAw sI ij`Qy 20 &rvrI dy idn aus nUM kql kr id`qw igAw sI.

mMgl isMG jYqo

 mMgl isMG (vwsI ipMf swmnw, izlHw lwielpur) jYqo morcy ivc pMjvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc igAw sI[ aus nUM nwBw bIV ivc r`iKAw igAw sI ij`Qy mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn jyl ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

mMgl isMG ig`l

mMgl isMG ig`l (6.6.1892 – 16.6.1987), pu`qr zYldwr kpUr isMG, dw jnm izlHw luiDAwxw dy ipMf ig`l ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN aus dy mwpy izlHw lwielpur (hux PYslwbwd) dy ipMf c`k nMbr 208 ivc cly gey sn[ mMgl isMG ny skUl dI pVHweI pUrI kr ky kuJ smW AiDAwpx dI syvw inBweI sI[ sMn 1914 ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI Aqy pihlI jMg ivc syvw inBweI sI[ ies mgroN aus nUM bI.ey dI AwnryrI ifgrI dy ky qihsIldwr lwieAw igAw sI; pr aus  ny ieh syvw C`f id`qI sI[ ies smyN qk gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU ho cukI sI[ 21 meI 1920 dy idn rozwnw AkwlI A^bwr SurU kIqw igAw sI[ mMgl isMG nUM aus dw pihlw AYfItr lwieAw igAw sI[ ies A^bwr ny lokW ivc eynI QW bxw leI sI ik ipMfW ivc lok FwxIAW bxw ky qy iek`T kr ky ies A^bwr nUM pVH ky suxwieAw krdy sI[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI sMn 1921 ivc iek lyK ilKx kr ky aus ’qy bZwvq dw kys pw ky kIqI geI sI[ aus nUM pMj swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI sI, pr Agsq 1923 ivc aus nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw sI[ AkqUbr 1923 ivc jdoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr kwnUMnI jmwq krwr dy id`qw igAw sI[ aus nUM vI bwkI AkwlI AwgUAW dy nwl igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI; pr ikauNik auh qW Ajy qwzw-qwzw jyl qoN irhw ho ky AwieAw sI ies kr ky aus dy i^lw& koeI sbUq nhIN sI bxdw; ies kr ky aus nUM irhw krnw ipAw sI[ 8 sqMbr 1924 dy idn AkwlI dl ny AMgRyzI ivc ‘ihMdusqwn tweImz’ A^bwr SurU kIqw sI[ mMgl isMG aus dw pihlw AYfItr lwieAw igAw sI (AkwlIAW koloN ieh prcw cl nhIN sI sikAw sI Aqy sMn 1926 ivc ies nUM ibrlw grup ny ^rId ilAw sI)[

     nvMbr 1925 ivc auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw sI[ 18 jUn 1926 dy idn nvyN pws hoey gurduAwrw AYkt hyT SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dIAW coxW hoeIAW sn[ 4 sqMbr 1926 dy idn pRDwn dI cox ivc auh s.b. mihqwb isMG – igAwnI Syr isMG DVy dy aumIdvwr nUM hrw ky pRDwn cuixAw igAw sI[ 2 AkqUbr 1926 dy idn aus ny pRDwngI mwstr qwrw isMG nUM sONp id`qI sI[ sMn 1927 ivc dyS ivc i&rkwvwrwnw ADwr ’qy coxW sbMDI sItW dI vMf dw mslw h`l krn vwsqy kWgrs pwrtI ny iek kmytI bxweI sI; ies dw pRDwn moqI lwl nihrU sI; ies kmytI ivc is`KW dw numwieMdw mMgl isMG nUM pwieAw igAw sI[ mMgl isMG is`KW dw kys pyS nhIN kr sikAw sI Aqy moqI nwl ny jo kuJ vI irport’ iqAwr kIqI sI ies ny aus’qy dsq^q kr id`qy sn[ jdoN ieh ‘nihrU irport’ lokW qk phuMcI qW swry is`K AwgUAW ny ies dI mu^wl&q kIqI sI[ mMgl isMG ikauNik Awp aus irport nUM pws krn vwilAW ivcoN iek sI, ies kr ky ieh AiVAw irhw sI[ BwvyN ieh irport r`d ho geI, pr mMgl isMG dw ivroD bhuq hoieAw sI[ sMn 1930 ivc aus nUM isvl nw &urmwnI lihr ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ sMn 1935 ivc auh kWgrsI aumIdvwr vjoN pwrlImYNt dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI; auh sMn 1945 qk mYNbr irhw sI[ sMn 1945 ivc jdoN kWgrs ny aus dI prvwh krnI C`f idqI sI qW auh dobwrw AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ mMgl isMG sMn 1960 qk isAwsq ivc irhw sI[ ies mgroN dw swrw smW aus ny guMmnwmI ivc k`itAw sI; auh AwpxI DI dy Gr cMfIgVH ivc rihMdw irhw sI[ sMn 1982 ivc ies lyKk nwl g`l kridAW aus ny mMinAw sI ik nihrU irport dI ihmwieq kr ky aus ny ZlqI kIqI sI Aqy kWgrs nwl juiVAw rih ky auh AwpxI Awqmw nwl lVdw irhw sI pr AwpxI AVI kwrn auh nukswn ivc irhw sI.

mMgl Swh

 

ieh id`lI ivc kuJ smW hwkm rhy hymU bwxIey dw poqw sI[ iek vwr iek muZl A&sr ies dI jvwn DI nUM cu`k ky lY igAw sI[ ies ny aus nUM Aqy aus dy swry pirvwr nUM kql kr id`qw sI Aqy Awp kIrqpur ivc guru hirgoibMd swihb dI pnwh ivc Aw igAw sI[ 30 mwrc 1644 dy idn gurU sihb joqI-joiq smw gey qW ieh gurU jI dw ivCoVw nhIN sih sikAw sI[ Agly idn jdoN gurU jI dw sskwr kIqw igAw sI qW ies ny bldI icKw ivc ClWg mwr ky AwpxI jwn dy id`qI sI.

mMgl kvI

 

ieh p`CmI pMjwb dy ngr psrUr dw rihx vwlw sI[ ies nUM pMjwbI, ihMdI Aqy fogrI zbwnW dI mhwrq hwsl sI[ ieh AnMdpur ivc gurU jI dy drbwr ivc irhw krdw sI[ ies ny bhuq rcnwvW kIqIAW sn, pr isr& iek ihMdI rcnw ‘SlX prv’ (jo mhwBwrq gRMQ dw iek ih`sw hY) imldI hY[ ies ivc aus ny iliKAw hY ik aus ny ies rcnw nUM 10 mwrc 1697 dy idn pUrw kIqw sI

mWfn

ieh BweI aUdw rwTOr dw pu`qr qy nwQU dw poqw sI[ ies dw pu`qr suKIAw BweI mnI isMG dI BUAw nwl ivAwihAw hoieAw sI[ ies dI mOq 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw dI lVweI ivc hoeI sI.

mwn isMh rwjw

 

ieh jYpur dy rwjw Bgvwn dws dw BqIjw sI; aus nUM ies ny muqbMnw bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus dI mOq mgroN ieh g`dI ’qy bYiTAw sI[ ies nUM Akbr dI ^ws srpRsqI hwisl sI[ ies nUM iek vwr Akbr ny A&Zwinsqwn dI muihMm ’qy vI ByijAw sI[ rwxw pRqwp dy i^lw& vI Akbr v`loN iehI liVAw sI[ ieh ibhwr qy bMgwl dw sUbydwr irhw sI[ ies kol s`q hzwrI mnsb sI[ mwn isMG bwry mShUr sI ik ies dy eyny ivAwh hoey sn ik ies nUM aunHW dI igxqI ^ud nUM pqw nhIN sI[ ies dI mOq jhWgIr bwdSwh dy Aihd vyly sMn 1615 ivc hoeI sI.

mwn kOr

 mwn kOr (18.1.1827-14.1. 1901)  izlHw gurdwspr dy ipMf rMGV nMgl dy reIs srdwr vzIr isMG dI bytI sI[ ies dI SwdI nwBw dy rwjy dyvyNdr isMG nwl hoeI sI[ ies ny BrpUr isMG Aqy Bgvwn isMG nUM jnm id`qw sI.

mwlvIAw, mdn mohn

 

pMfq mdn mohn mwlvIAw (25.12.1861-12.11.1946), pu`qr pMfq ibRj nwQ, dw jnm Alwhwbwd ivc hoieAw sI[ sMsikRq ivc AYm. ey. krn mgroN aus ny AYl.AYl.bI dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI sI[ sMn 1891 ivc aus ny vkwlq SrU kr leI sI[ auh cwr vwr (sMn 1909, 1918, 1930, 1932) kWgrs pwrtI dw pRDwn irhw sI[ auh sMn 1912-1926 qIk AYm.AYl.sI vI irhw sI[ sMn 1915 ivc aus ny ihMdU mhWsBw dI nINh r`KI sI (sMn 1933 ivc mwlvIAw  ny kWgrs pwrtI qoN v`K hox mgroN ihMdU mhWsBw nUM isAwsI pwrtI bxw id`qw sI)[ 8 mwrc 1922 dy idn aus ny AMimRqsr ivc durigAwxw mMdr dI nINh r`KI sI[ sMn 1924 ivc aus ny SRomxI AkwlI dl qoN ‘ihMdusqwn tweImz’ A^bwr ^rId ilAw sI; auh sMn 1924 qoN 1946 ies A^bwr dy trst dw cyArmYn irhw sI[ aus ny sMn 1916 ivc bnwrs ihMdU XUnIvristI dI nINh r`KI sI[ auh sMn 1919 qoN 1938 qIk ies dw vweIs cWslr irhw sI (aus qoN mgroN fw. rwDw ikRSnn nUM nvW vweIs cWslr bxwieAw igAw sI)[mdn mohn  mwlvIAw ihMdU rwStr dw sB qoN pihlw pRcwrk sI[ 25 sqMbr 1932 dy idn aus ny fw. AMbydkr nwl ‘pUnw pYkt’ ’qy dsq^q kIqy sn[ aus dI mOq sMn 1946 ivc hoeI sI[ aus dw buq bnwrs ihMdU XUnIvristI ivc l`gw hoieAw hY[ aus dy kuJ cyilAW ny qW aus dy nW ’qy iek mMidr vI bxwieAw hoieAw hY[

     Bwrq srkwr ny sMn 2011 ivc aus dI Xwd ivc iek fwk itkt  qy pMj rupY dw is`kw vI jwrI kIqw sI.

mlUk dws

 

mlUk dws au~qr pRdyS dy ngr kVw mwxkpur dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh p`kw vYSnU swDU sI[ iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb aus dy ipMf gey sn[ auh vI gurU jI nUM imlx AwieAw sI[ aus ny vyiKAw ik gurU jI dy nwl keI hiQAwrbMd is`K vI sn Aqy gurU jI iSkwr vI krdy sn[ aus ny gurU jI nUM pu`iCAw ik kI hiQAwr Aqy jIv h`iqAw (iSkwr) rUhwnIAq dy rwh ivc rukwvt nhIN hn? gurU jI ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik hiQAwr AwpxI r`iKAw vwsqy lwzmI hn Aqy mws Kwx jW nw Kwx dw rUhwnIAq nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ mwxk dws ny gurU jI nwl hor vI keI nukiqAW bwry g`l kIqI sI[ A^Ir auh is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ mlUk dws ny Awpxy ielwky ivc is`KI dw bhuq prcwr kIqw sI.

mwlo

 

BweI mwlo gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK isKW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: mwlo mWgw isK duie, gurbwxI ris risk iblwsI (vwr 11, pauVI 13).

mlx, BweI

 

f`lw vwsI BweI mlx  gurU Arjn Swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: ipRQI ml qulsw Blw, mlx gur syvw ihqkwrI (vwr 11, pauVI 16).

mYlkm

sr jOhn mYlkm (2.5.1769 – 30.5.1833), pu`qr jwrj mYlkm, dw jnm skwtlYNf ivc hoieAw sI (keI ies dw aucwrx ‘mwlkm’ vI krdy hn)[ qyrHW swl dI aumr ivc ieh mdrws &Oj ivc BrqI hoieAw sI[ ieh XwrW swl &Oj dy iek  ispwhI vjoN nOkrI krdw irhw[ ishq ^rwb hox kwrn ieh ieMglYNf clw igAw sI qy iek swl mgroN priqAw sI[ ieh &wrsI zbwn dw cMgw mwihr sI[ sMn 1795 ivc ies nUM  ies nUM &Oj ivc sYktrI lw id`qw igAw sI[ ies mgroN ies nUM hYdrwbwd Aqy mYsUr ivc &OjI imSn ’qy BuijAw igAw sI[ sMn 1799 ivc ies nUM s&Ir bxw ky &wrs (eIrwn) ByijAw igAw sI[ sMn 1801 ivc ieh ierwn qoN vwips muiVAw qW lwrf vYlzlI ny ies nUM Awpxy nwl pRweIvyt sYktrI lw ilAw sI[ sMn 1804 ivc ies nUM mYsUr ivc rYzIfYNt lwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1808 Aqy 1810 ivc ies nUM muV eIrwn imSn ’qy ByyijAw igAw sI[ sMn 1812 ivc ies ny is`KW bwry iek in`kI ijhI ikqwb ‘skY~c Aw& dw isKz’ ilKI sI[ sMn 1812 ivc ieh ieMglYNf cwl igAw sI, ij`Qy ieh pMj swl irhw sI[ sMn 1815 ivc ies ny ‘ihstrI Aw& prSIAw’ ilKI sI[ ies ny ‘skY~c Aw& polItIkl ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw’, ‘lweI& Aw& rwbrt klweIv’ qy hor ikqwbW vI ilKIAW sn[ sMn 1827 ivc ies nUM bMbeI dw gvrnr lw id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1831 ivc ieh ieMglYNf prq igAw sI Aqy pwrlImYNt dw mYNbr bx igAw sI[ do swl mgroN idl dw dOrw pYx nwl ies dI mOq ho geI sI[ ies dI Xwd ivc skwtlYNf ivc lWGom dI phwVI au~qy iek sO Pu`t aucw sqMB  bxwieAw igAw hY.

mYlwgr isMG

 

AnMdpur iqAwgx mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI cmkOr, mwCIvwVw, AwlmgIr, Bgqw huMdy hoey 26 dsMbr 1705 dy idn srwvW ipMf ivc pu`jy sn[ ies ipMf dy lok gurU jI dy nwl Awey is`KW ivcoN iek-iek is`K nUM Awpxy Gr Kwxw KuAwaux vwsqy lY gey sn[ iek isK mYlwgr (milAwgr) isMG nM gMgw isMG nW dw iek CINbw is`K Awpxy Gr lY igAw sI[ aus ny Gr iljw ky, grm pwxI nwl mYlwgr isMG d pYr DuAwey[ aus nUM Kys dy ky Awrwm krn vwsqy ibTw id`qw[ kuJ icr mgroN gMgw isMG dI Gr vwlI sukwey hoey pIlUAW nUM grm pwxI ivc pw ky nrm kr ky QwlI ivc pw ky lY AweI[ mYlgr isMG ny aus nwl Awpxw Bojn kIqw[ bwAd ivc jdoN gurU jI ny swirAW qoN pu`iCAw ik qusIN kI-kI Kw ky Awey ho qW iksy ny mwl pUVy, iksy ny KIr, iks ny m`Kx pw ky srHoN dw swg KwDy hox dw ibAwn kIqw[ jd ies dI vwrI AweI qW ies ny pihlW qW kuJ nw d`isAw, pr A^Ir ikhw ik ds id`qw ik mYnUM is`K ny auh pRSwd KuAwieAw hY jo nw kdy pihlW Kwdw hY Aqy nw hI Aijhw kdy iPr imlxw hY[ ies qoN vD mYlwgr isMG ny kuJ nw d`isAw[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny gMgw isMG nUM bulw ky pu`iCAw ik qUM ies nUM Aijhw kI KuAwieAw hY ijs nUM ieh au~qm pRswd kih irhw hY[ A^Ir gMgw isMG ny s`c ds id`qw[ gurU jI mYlwgr isMG dy sMqoK ’qy bhuq pRsMn hoey.

m`Kx isMG (drbwr swihb)

 

BweI m`Kx isMG sMn 1847 ivc drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dw iek gRMQI sI[ m`Kx isMG dy smJwaux ’qy lwhOr ivc AMgRyz rYzIfYNt sr hYnrI lwrYNs ny drbwr swihb Aqy hor gurduAwirAW dw Adb r`Kx vwsqy 24 mwrc 1847 dy idn AMgRyz ispwhIAW Aqy A&srW vwsqy iek hukm jwrI kIqw sI[ m`Kx isMG dI mOq sMn 1863 ivc hoeI sI[

hYnrI lwrMs v`loN jwrI kIqw igAw hukm ieM\ sI: The priests of Amritsar having complained of annoyances, this is to make known to all concerned, that, by order of the Governor General, British subjects are forbidden to enter the Temple (called the Durbar) or its precincts at Amritsar, nor are the Seikhs to be molested. Or, in any way to be interered with. Shoes are to be taken off at the Boonga at the corner of the Tank and no person is to walk round the Tank with shoes on. — H.M. Lawrence Resident. Lahore March 24^th 1847.

{(pMjwbI qrjmw): AMimRqsr dy pujwrIAW dI iSkwieq ’qy, gvrnr jnrl dy hukm duAwrw brqwnvI SihrIAW dy tYNpl (ijs nUM drbwr ikhw jWdw hY) Aqy ies dI h`d ivc jwx ’qy Aqy is`KW nUM qMg krn jW iksy qrHw dw vI d^l dyx ’qy pwbMdI lweI jWdI hY[ qlwA dy iknwry ’qy buMgy ivc ju`qIAW auqwrnIAW lwzmI hn Aqy koeI jxw ju`qIAW pw ky qlwA dy duAwly nhIN GuMmygw}.

m`Kx Swh lubwxw

 

BweI m`Kx Swh (7.7.1619 – 26.4.1674), pu`qr BweI dwsw, poqw BweI ibMnw, pVpoqw BweI bhoVU, pV-pVpoqw BweI swaux, qomr rwjpUqW dy pylIAw Grwny nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ ieh pirvwr gurU hir rwie swihb dy smyN qoN is`KI nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ ieh pirvwr lUx dw bVw vfw vpwrI sI; iesy kr ky ienHW dy nW nwl l&z lubwxw (lUx dw vpwrI) juV igAw sI[ m`Kx Swh dw pirvwr ipMf tWfw lubwxw (izlHw muz`&rwbwd kSmIr) dw rihx vwlw sI[ ieh ipMf muz`&rwbwd qoN qkrIbn 28 iklomItr dUr hY[ keI QWeIN ies ipMf dw nW motw tWfw Aqy KWfw vI iliKAw imldw hY[ aus vyly ieh iek v`fw tWfw sI qy ies kr ky hI ies ƒ “motw (v`fw) tWfw” vI AwKdy hoxgy[

     ApRYl 1660 dy SurU ivc gurU hir rwie swihb isAwlkot ivc sMgqW nUM drSn dyx gey hoey sn[ aunHIN idnI m~Kx Swh lubwxw vI kSmIr jWidAW hoieAW au~Qy ruikAw hoieAw sI[ aus ny gurU hir rwie swihb dy drSn kIqy Aqy aunHW dw murId bx igAw[ aus ny gurU swihb nUM kSmIr dIAW sMgqW nUM drSn dyx vwsqy Arz kIqI[ gurU swihb aus dI Arz mMn ky aus dy tWfy dy nwl isAwlkot qoN sRIngr v~l cl pey[ 20 ApRYl 1660 dy idn Awp sRIngr ivc phuMc gey sn[ sRIngr qoN Awp mtn huMdy hoey m`Kx Swh dy ipMf tWfw lubwxw vI gey Aqy aus dy Gr ivc rhy[ jdoN gurU jI tWfy ivc sn qW Acwxk aunHIN idnIN hI m`Kx Swh dy ipqw dI mOq ho geI sI[ gurU jI aus dy sskwr ivc Swiml hoey sn[ m`Kx Swh iek v`fw vpwrI sI[ 

     m`Kx Swh dw pirvwr gurU drbwr nUM hr swl iek sO sony dIAW muhrW Byt kirAw krdw sI[ sMn 1664 ivc jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr ny gurg`dI sMBwlI qW auh muhrW Byt krn vwsqy auh kIrqpur jwx l`gw sI[ jdoN aus nMU pqw ik gurU qyZ bhwdr kIrqpur ivc nhIN blik bkwlw ivc sn qW auh lBdw-lBdw bkwly pu`jw sI[ bkwly pu`jx ’qy aus nMU A`goN DIr m`l dw iek dlwl iml ipAw sI[ auh aus nMU gurU swihb nUM imlwaux dw JUT bol ky DIr ml dy fyry qy lY igAw sI[ m`Kx Swh hr swl iek sO muhrW gurU drbwr ivc Byt kirAw krdw sI[ DIr m`l nMU vyKidAW hI m`Kx swh nUM S`k pY igAw ik ieh gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nhIN ho skdw[ ies kr ky aus ny DIr m`l nMU isr& pMj muhrW Byt kIqIAW[ pr jd DIr m`l ny auh pMj muhrW cup kr ky boJy ivc pw leIAW qW BweI m`Kx Swh ny pu`iCAw ik kI qusIN hI gurU qyZ bhwdr ho? ieh sux ky DIr m`l dw iek cylw boilAw ik “ieh gurU DIr m`l jI hn[” ieh sux ky m`Kx Swh iek dm au~QoN Aw igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM vI l`B ilAw qy Awpxy swQIAW nUM s`dx vwsqy au~cI-au`~cI bolxw SurU kr idqw ‘gurU lwDo ry’[ hux swry lok DIr m`l Aqy hornW dMBIAW nMU C`f ky gurU swihb vl Awauxy SurU ho gey sn[ aus idn qoN kuJ is`K nON AkqUbr dw idn hr swl ‘gurU lwDo ry’ idn vjoN mnwauNdy hn[ hwlW ik gurU swihb guAwcy jW luky hoey nhIN sn, pr m`Kx Swh nUM aunHW dw pqw nhIN sI qy DIr m`l dy cyly swry is`KW nUM Zlq ds ky aus kol lY AwauNdy sn[ dUjw, m`Kx Swh ny gurU jI nUM prgt nhIN kIqw sI blik aus ny aunHW dw invws ‘l`iBAw’ sI[

iksy lyKkW ny ies Gtnw ivcoN m`Kx Swh dw byVw fu`bx vyly gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vlyN Awpxw moFw lw ky jhwz fu`bxoN bcwaux dI krwmwq dI khwxI GV leI sI[ is`K Drm AKOqI krwmwq dy &ls&y nUM mUloN hI r`d krdw hY[ ieM\ hI iek sO muhr jW Gt-vD gurU dI ByNt krnw isr& m`Kx Swh hI nhINN blik hor vI bhuq swry isK prvwr kirAw krdy sn[ m`Kx Swh lubwxw vloN iek sO muhrW Byt krn sbMDI ‘B`t vhI qMUmr ibMjlauNqo kI’ ivc ieMv izkr imldw hY (eyQy vI BweI m`Kx Swh dw byVw fu`bx, AKOqI suKnw suKx jW gurU jI nUM ‘l`Bx’ dw koeI izkr nhIN hY):

“m`Kx Swh bytw dwsy kw poqw ArQy kw pVpoqw ibMny kw bMs bhoVU kI[ lwl cMd m~Kx Swh kw, cMdU lwl m~Kx Swh kw, kuSwl cMd m`Kx Swh kw, solzeI iesqrI m`Kx Swh kI, goqr pylIAw bnjwrw, bwsI motw tWfw, prgxw muz&rwbwd, kSmIr, swl sqrW sY iekIs dIvwlI qy SnIvwr dy idMh bkwly ngr AwieAw[ guru qyZ bhwdr mhl nwmyN ky drbwr myN iek sO mohryN ByNt kI[ gYl DUMmw bytw nwiek kwnHy ibMjlauNq kw AwieAw[”

AkqUbr 1664 dI ies Gtnw qoN mgroN m`Kx Swh keI idn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy nwl hI irhw sI[ bwbw gurid`qw dI pqnI, gurU hir rwie swihb jI dI mwqw, gurU hrikSn jI dI dwdI qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI BrjweI, mwqw bsI 29 sqMbr 1664 dy idn kIrqpur ivc cVHweI kr geI sI[ aus sbMD ivc r`Ky pwT dI Ardwis cOdW AkqUbr nMU hoxI sI[ ieqlwh imlidAW hI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb, m`Kx Swh lubwxw, dIvwn drgh m`l  Aqy kuJ hor drbwrI is`K dIvwlI qoN Agly idn c`l ky ies Ardws ivc Swiml hox vwsqy bwrHW AkqUbr 1664 dy idn kIrqpur pu`jy sn qy iqMn idn au~Qy rhy sn[ kIrqpur dI PyrI mgroN gurU swihb vwips bkwlw Aw gey sn[ kuJ idn ie`Qy rihx mgroN Awp mwJw qy mwlvw ivc Drm prcwr dy dOry ’qy cl pey sn[ ies vwr vI m`Kx Swh lubwxw gurU jI dy nwl hI sI[

gurU jI 22 nvMbr 1664 dy idn gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) gey sn[ gurU dw c`k ivc hir jI (puqr imhrbwn) Aqy aus dy pu`qrW ny Awp jI nMU ‘jI AwieAW’ AwiKAw sI[ gurU swihb ny drbwr swihb dy m`uK gyt ’qy, (mgroN ie`Qy hI sMn 1800 dy krIb AkwlIAW dw buMgw bixAw sI), iek it`by ’qy dIvwn sjwieAw sI (ies QW hux gurduAwrw QVHw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY)[ ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mhl nwmW bytw gurU hirgoibMd jI kw poqw gurU Arjn jI kw, swl sqrW sY iekIs mGsr kI pUrinmw ky idhuM gurU ky c`k mlhwn prgnw Ajnwlw Awey[ swQ dvwrkw dws bytw ArjwnI swihb B`lw kw, dIvwn drGw ml bytw dvwrkw dws iCbr kw, mKx Swh bytw dwsy kw pylIAw bxjwrw hor is`K PkIr Awey[ gurU jI ny drbwr ky Awgy iek aucy cbUqry qy Awsn lwieAw[ siqgurU kw ngrI Awnw sux hir jI bytw mnohr jI kw poqw ipRQI cMd jI kw bMs gurU rwmdws jI mhl cOQy kI sMgq ko gYl lY drSn pwxy Awey[ (B`t vhI qUmr ibMjlauNqoN kI)[

ies mgroN vI m`Kx Swh Aqy aus dw pirvwr (pu`qr qy poqry) vI gurU swihb dy drbwr ivc hwzr huMdy rihMdy sn[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny Kwlsw pRgt kIqw qW m`Kx Swh dy iqMnW pu`qrW cMdw isMG, lwl isMG qy kuSwl isMG ny KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI sI[ kuSwl isMG qW gurU swihb dI &Oj ivc vI Swiml hoieAw sI[ kuSwl isMG 1 sqMbr 1700 dy idn lohgVH iklHy dy bwhr iblwspurI &OjW nwl hoeI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ ies lVweI dw izkr “B`t vhI qlauNFw” ivc ieM\ iliKAw imldw hY:

gurU kw bcn pwie mnI isMG bytw mweIdws kw poqw b`lU rwie kw…bic`qr isMG bytw mnI isMG kw audY isMG bytw mnI isMG kw….. Awlm isMG bytw durgwdws kw poqw pdmy kw….hjwvq AWibAwnw….swl sqrW sY sqvMjw AsUj pRivSty pihlI rvIvwr ky idhuM iklHw lohgVH pRgnw mwKovwl sy Kwlsw dl ko gYl lY crn gMgw ndI ky mlHwn, swmHyN mwQy Gor Xu`D kIAw [ … Awlm isMG bytw drIAw kw poqw mUly kw…..jlHwnw, su`Kw isMG bytw rwie isMG kw poqw mweIdws kw, kuSwl isMG bytw m`KxSwh kw poqw dwsy kw-pylIAw bxjwrw, rx myN jUJ kr mry[ (B`t vhI qlauNFw jINd, Kwqw jlhwnoN kw)

iek QW BweI jvMd isMG poqw m`Kx Swh lubwxw dy vI cmkOr ivc 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ShId hox dw izkr imldw hY pr ies dI vI qweId nhIN huMdI[ m`kx wh dw bytw lwl cMd KMfy dI pwhul mgroN lwl isMG bixAw sI [ lwl isMG dy A`goN iqMn pu`qr sn: ikSn isMG, jIq isMG qy j`t ml[ ikSn isMG dy AgoN do byty sn : Bgvwn isMG qy ibSn isMG[ Bgvwn isMG dy AgoN pMj byty sn[ ienHW dI AOlwd AgoN cldI hY[ so jvMd isMG dy nW dI vI qweId nhIN huMdI[

dsMbr 1705 ivc jdoN guru goibMd isMG jI qlvMfI swbo v`l jw rhy sn qW aunHW nUM BweI m`Kx Swh dw pu`qr BweI lwl isMG Aw imilAw sI[ aus vyly aus kol keI mx guV sI, ijs ivcoN aus ny dsvW ih`sw is`KW nUM Byt kr id`qw sI.

mweI poqRy

 

iek swKI muqæwibkæ goieMdvwl ivc iek bzurg AOrq rihMdI sI ijs dy Gr koeI AOlwd nhIN sI[ gurU Amr dws jI dy ‘vr’ nwl aus dy Gr AOlwd hoeI sI Aqy auh mweI Awpxy poqirAW dy smyN qk ijaUNdI rhI sI[ aus dy ^wndwn dw nW ‘mweI poqRy’ jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ ieho ijhIAW ‘vr’ qy ‘srwp’ dIAW gurmiq ivroDI g`lW dIAW keI swKIAW kvI sMqoK isMG Aqy igAwnI igAwn isMG ny GVIAW sn[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ieh mweI Awpxy puq poiqAW sxy gurU drbwr Aqy sMgqW dI syvw krdI rhI hovygI qy bwkI khwxI mweI dy pirvwr vwilAW ny jW lyKkW ny GV leI hovygI.

mweI dws prmwr, BweI

 

ieh ShId BweI b`lU dw pu`qr, mUlw dw poqw Aqy rwE dw pVpoqw sI[ ies dy do ivAwh hoey sn mDrI bweI Aqy lif`kI nwl[ ies dy bwrW pu`qr sn (brYkt ivc ShIdI di qwrI^): jyTw (11.10.1711), idAwl dws (11.1.1675), mnI rwm (mnI isMG 24.6.1734), dunI cMd (dwn isMG 7.12.1705), mwn cMd (mwn isMG inSwncI 2.4.1708), Amr cMd, rUp cMd (rUp isMG 11.10.1711), jgq rwm (jgq isMG 24.6.1734), sohn cMd (20.3.1691), lihxU (19.2.1696), rwie cMd (rwie isMG 29.12.1705), hTI cMd (18.9.1688)[ ienHW ivcoN Amr cMd CotI aumr ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI; bwkI dy XwrW muZlW nwl Aqy hor lVweIAW ivc mwry gey sn[ ienHW ivcoN ijnHW ny KMfy dI pwhul leI sI aunHW dy nW nwl isMG l`gw imldw hY[ mweI dws dI mOq kdoN hoeI bwry jwxkwrI nhIN iml skI[ iek B`t vhI ivc mweI dws dI muZl bwdSwh Swh jhwn nwl mulwkwq dw izkr vI AwauNdw hY: mweI dws Swh jhwn ko imilAw, vKy ihMdU muslmwn[ mweI dws qyry qMbU gYn mih JUlyN, ifauFI bwhr KVy drbwn[(coKw B`t, B`t vhI krisMDU, prgnw s&IdoN).

mihMdr pRqwp isMG, kMvr

 

kMvr mihMdr pRqwp isMG (22.1.1939 – 18.1.2012), pu`qr gurbcn isMG, dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy ksby swhIvwl ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN ienHW dw pirvwr luiDAwxw Aw v`isAw sI[ ieMjnIAirMg dI pVHweI krn mgroN aus ny nYSnl ieMfstrIAl kwrporySn ivc nOkrI SurU kIqI sI Aqy A^Ir ifptI fwierYktr dy Ahudy qk jw pu`jw sI[ ieho ijhy Ahudy ’qy hox dy bwvjUd aus ny is`K imSnrI lihr ivc BrpUr rol Adw kIqw sI[ sMn 1964 ivc aus dI SwdI bIbI hrjIq kOr nwl hoeI sI ijs ny iek pu`qr Aqy iek DI nUM jnm id`qw sI (aus dw bytw sMn 2008 ivc cVHweI kr igAw sI)[ aus ny Awpxw bhuqw smW mwCIvwVw, &rIdwbwd Aqy luiDAwxw ivc ibqwieAw sI[ 1960ivAW ivc jdoN sMq ngr id`lI ivc is`K imSnrI kwlj SurU hoieAw qW auh vI ies lihr dw ih`sw bx igAw sI[ &rIdwbwd ivc mwqw swihb kOr gurmiq kwlj kwiem krn ivc aus dw vfw rol sI[ sMn 1983 ivc cONqw ivc swihbzwdw juJwr isMG imSnrI kwlj kwiem krn ivc vI aus dw muK rol sI[ sMn 1996 ivc aus dw qbwdlw luiDAwxw ivc ho igAw[ ie`Qy aus ny jgjIq isMG isdkI nwl iml ky gurmiq igAwn imSnrI kwlj kwiem kIqw[ sMn 2000 ivc jgjIq isMG isdkI dI mOq mgroN Agly ds swl aus ny ies kwlj dy ipRMsIpl vjoN syvw inBweI sI[ aus pwsoN pVHweI kr ky drjnW imSnrI ies vkq v`K v`K mulkW ivc Drm prcwr ivc rol Adw kr rhy hn[ kMvr mihMdr pRqwp isMG nuM is`K qvwrI^ Aqy is`K &ls&y bwry BrpUr igAwn sI[ aus ny AwpxI swrI aumr is`K Drm dy pRcwr vwsqy smrpx kr id`qI sI.

mwhI isMG

 mwhI isMG qy drgwhI isMG dovyN Brw 10 sqMbr 1711 dy idn sWBw (jMmU nyVy) ivc mwry gey sn[ 10 dsMbr 1710 dy idn muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh v`loN is`KW dw kqlyAwm krn vwsqy jwrI kIqy gey hukm ’qy Aml vjoN, AwpxI kwrvweI idKwaux, ienwm lYx Aqy SwbwS K`tx vwsqy kuJ muZl hwkmW ny is`KW dI Bwl krnI SurU kr id`qI sI[ ies muihMm ivc sWBw dy iek Qwxydwr ny BweI BIKw rwTOr dy do pu`qrW mwhI isMG qy drgwhI isMG ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[ ienHW dohW ƒ kwzI swhmxy pyS kIqw igAw qW kwzI ny aunHW ƒ “ieslwm Aqy mOq” ivcoN iek cuxn vwsqy AwiKAw sI[ dohW is`KW ny jwn ipAwrI mMn ky muslmwn bxnoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ dohW ƒ BweI sqI dws (swkw 11 nvMbr 1675, cWdnI cONk, id`lI) vWg rUM ivc lpyt ky A`g lw ky ijaUNidAW swV id`qw igAw sI[ ieh ShIdIAW jMmU-pTwnkot rwh ’qy AwauNdy ipMf sWBw ivc hoeIAW sn.

mhyNdR isMG mhwrwjw

 mhyNdr isMG (16.9.1852-14.4.1876), dw jnm rwjw nryNdr isMG dy Gr  pitAwlw ivc hoieAw sI[  5 mwrc 1858 dy idn Cy swl dI aumr ivc ies dI SwdI hoeI sI[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN ds swl cwr mhIny dI aumr ivc 20 jnvrI 1862 dy idn ieh pitAwlw dw rwjw bixAw sI[ nwbwlZ hox kr ky ies dI irAwsq dw ieMqzwm ‘kONsl Aw& rIjYNsI’ krdI rhI sI[ ATwrW swl dw hox ’qy sMn 1870 ivc ies ny rwj pRbMD Awpxy h`Q ivc lY ilAw sI[ rwjw mhyNdr isMG ividAw dw bhuq pRymI sI; ies ny ividAk kMmW vwsqy pMjwb XUnIvristI, keI kwljW qy skUlW nUM bhuq rkm dwn kIqI sI[ ies ny pitAwlw ivc mihMdrw kwlj vI SurU kIqw sI, jo hux pMjwb dy au~c kotI dy kwljW ivcoN iek hY[ ies ny sqluj dirAw ivcoN ropV qoN srhMd nihr k`F ky pitAwlw qy AMbwlw izilHAW dIAW zmInW vwsqy pwxI dw ieMqzwm kIqw sI[ ies dI mOq isr& swFy 23 swl dI aumr ivc ho geI sI.

mhyNdr pRqwp isMh rwjw

 

rwjw mhyNdr pRqwp isMh ( 1.12.1886-29.4. 1979) dw jnm murswn irAwsq dy rwjw bhwdur GniSAwm isMh dy Gr hoieAw sI[ bcpn ivc aus dw nW KVg isMh sI[ jdoN ieh iqMn swl dw hoieAw qW hwQrs dy rwjy hrnwrwXn isMh ny ies nUM muqbMnw bxw ilAw sI Aqy ies dw nW mhyNdr pRqwp isMh rK id`qw sI[ ies ny AwpxI pVHweI AlIgVH musilm XUnIvristI ivc kIqI sI[ ies dI SwdI jINd irAwsq dy rwjw rxbIr isMG dI BYx nwl hoeI sI Aqy ies ny is`K Drm Apxw ilAw sI[ sMn 1904 qoN 1906 qIk aus ny kSmIr qoN kMinAw kumwrI qIk swry ielwky dw dOrw kIqw[ sMn 1907 ivc aus ny AwpxI pqnI nwl ivSv dw dOrw kIqw Aqy 17 mulkW ivc igAw[ sMn 1913 ivc jdoN Zdr pwrtI kwiem ho geI qW ies ny vI AwzwdI dI lihr ivc Swiml hox dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ sMn 1914 ivc pihlI sMswr jMg SurU SurU ho jwx ’qy ies ny jrmnI mulk dI srkwr dy imlvrqx nwl aus ny pihlI dsMbr 1915 dy idn kwbul (A&Zwinsqwn) ivc jlwvqn srkwr kwiem krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ mOlvI brkqu`lw ny aus nUM pUrw imlvrqn id`qw[ BwvyN jrmnI Aqy trkI srkwrW ny aus dw swQ id`qw pr auh iksy hor mulk jW ibRitS ieMfIAw dy iksy rwjy qoN imlvqrn hwisl nw kr sikAw[ mhyNdr pRqwp isMG cMcl suBw dw AwdmI sI Aqy kdy iek g`l ’qy itkdw nhIN sI[ is`K pirvwr ivc SwdI mgroN aus ny is`K Drm Apxw ilAw sI (jlwvnq srkwr kwiem krn vyly auh is`K srUp ivc sI), pr mgroN iPr lwlw lwjpq rwey vW| kys ktvw ky ihMdU bx igAw sI[

     BwvyN aus dI jlwvqn srkwr nwkwm rhI sI, pr auh mulk nhIN muiVAw sI[ sMn 1946 qIk aus nUM ivdySW ivc GuMmxw ipAw Aqy 32 swl mgroN 9 Agsq 1946 dy idn auh dys priqAw sI[ sMn 1957 ivc aus ny mQurw qoN Awzwd aumIdvwr vjoN lok sBw dI cox ij`qI sI[ aus ny 95202 votW lY ky kWgrs dy cODrI idgMbr isMh (69209 votW) Aqy jnsMG (hux Bwjpw) dy Atl ibhwrI vwjpweI (23620 votW) nUM hrwieAw sI[ ies mgroN auh srgrm isAwsq qoN rItwier ho igAw sI[ sMn 1979 ivc Bwrq srkwr ny aus dy nW dI fwk itkt jwrI kIqI sI.

 

mhyNdr pRqwp isMh is`KI srUp ivc

jlwvqn srkwr kwiem krn smyN

mhyNdr pRqwp isMh dy nW dI fwk itkt

mhwrwj isMG

 

BweI mhwrwj isMG ipMf r`boN (izlHw luiDAwxw) dw vwsI sI[ aus dw bcpn dw nW inhwl isMG sI[ aus dy muFly jIvn bwry koeI jwxkwrI nhIN imldI[ sMn 1845 ivc auh bIr isMG nOrMgwbwdI dy fyry ’qy syvw kirAw krdw sI[ ikauNik auh hr iek nUM ‘mhwrwj jI’ ‘mhwrwj jI’ kih ky bulwauNdw huMdw sI, ies kr ky aus nW mhwrwj isMG mShUr ho igAw sI[

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr KVk isMG qy poqw nOinhwl isMG g`dI ’qy bYTy Aqy fyF swl dy AMdr-AMdr hI mwr id`qy gey sn[ iPr 18 jnvrI 1841 dy idn mhwrwjw Syr isMG g`dI ’qy bYiTAw[ sMDwvwlIAW Aqy iDAwn isMh fogrw ny swizS kr ky 15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw kql kr id`qw sI; pr iesy idn sMDWvwlIAW ny iDAwn isMh nUM vI mwr id`qw sI[ iDAwn isMh dy mwry jwx ip`CoN aus dy puqr hIrw isMh fogrw ny &Oj nUM BVkw ky iklHy ’qy hmlw kr ky sMDwvwlIAW nUM vI ^qm kr id`qw sI[ iqMn idn mgroN 18 sqMbr dy idn  pMj swl dy bwl dlIp isMG nUM q^q ’qy ibTwieAw igAw sI qy hIrw isMh fogrw aus dw pRDwn mMqrI bx igAw sI[ kuJ mhIinAW mgroN sMDwvwlIAw pirvwr dw iek vwirs Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw nOrMgwbwd ivc bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy pu`j igAw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw iek pu`qr kMvr kSmIrw isMG vI au~Qy mOjUd sI[ jd hIrw isMh fogrw nUM aunHW dy au~Qy hox dw pqw lgw qW auh &Oj lY ky au~Qy phuMc igAw[ au~Qy iek JVp ivc Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny Zu`sy ivc Aw ky lwhOr drbwr dI &Oj dy iek jrnYl gulwb isMG (fogrw nhIN) nUM kql kr id`qw sI; ies dy jvwb ivc aus dy swQIAW ny Aqr isMG nUM kql kr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN hIrw isMh fogrw dI &Oj ny fyry ’qy goly vrHwauxy SurU kr id`qy sn ijs nwl sYNkVy is`KW qoN ielwvw bwbw bIr isMG vI mwirAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN mhwrwj isMG aus fyry dw muKI bx igAw sI[

jd bwbw bIr isMG, kMvr kSmIrw isMG qy jvwhr isMG nlvw qy sYNkVy is`KW dy kql dI ^br is`K &OjIAW qk phMucI qW aunHW ivc hIrw isMh dy i^lw& bhuq gu`sw &YilAw[ jd is`KW dy ies Zu`sy dI sUh hIrw isMh ƒ imlI qW aus ny bhuq swry is`K jrnYl htw idqy sn Aqy v`fI igxqI ivc is`K &OjIAW dI Cu`tI kr idqI sI[ pMfq jlHy dI slwh ’qy aus ny bhuq swry fogry, ihmWclI phwVIey Aqy muslmwn &Oj ivc BrqI kr ley sn[ aus ƒ fr sI ik Blk ƒ mslw au~Tx ’qy is`K &OjI aus ƒ mwr vI skdy hn[ hzwrW ZYr-is`KW nUM &Oj ivc BrqI krn dy bwvjUd vI hIrw isMh is`KW qoN burI qrHW frdw rihMdw sI[

ienHW idnW ivc aus ny Aqy aus dy swQI pMfq j`lHw ny mhwrwxI ijMdw Aqy mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM vI zlIl krnw SrU kr id`qw sI[jd is`K &OjW nUM ies bdslUkI dw pqw lgw qW hux hIrw isMh ƒ jwpx lg ipAw sI ik koeI nw koeI is`K &OjI aus ƒ zrUr kql kr dyvygw[ ies kr ky aus ny jMmU nUM B`j jwx dw &Yslw kIqw sI[ aus ny Awpxw Aqy lwhOr drbwr dy hIry-jvwhrwq qy hor swrw Kzwnw iek`Tw kIqw Aqy s`q hwQIAW ’qy l`d ilAw sI[ 21 dsMbr 1844 ƒ auh swrI cwr hzwr fogrw &Oj nwl lwhOr qoN jMmU vl cl ipAw sI[ CyqI hI ies dI ^br is`K jrnYlW ƒ iml geI sI[ Swm isMG AtwrIvwlw dI AgvweI hyT bhuq swrI is`K &Oj GoiVAW ’qy svwr ho ky ienHW dy ip`Cy cl peI sI[ rsqy ivc is`KW Aqy fogirAW ivckwr ^Ub lVweI hoeI sI[ bhuq swry fogry mwry gey sn[ lwhOr qoN 35-40 iklomItr dUr qk lVweI huMdI geI sI[ ie`Qy iek ipMf lubwixAW dw sI[ is`K &Oj nyVy pu`jI vyK ky, hIrw isMh, pMfq j`lHw, sohx isMh (puqr gulwb isMh fogrw) qy lwB isMh fogrw ie`Qy luk gey sn[ pr kuJ icr mgroN, jd aunHW ƒ bhuq ipAws lgI qW auh iek KUh vl gey sn[ is`K &OjIAW dI ingwh aunHW vl peI qW aunHW ny ienHW qy bMdUkW nwl golIAW clwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ ienHW nwl hwQI qy bYTw sohx isMh fogrw mwirAw igAw sI[ lwB isMh fogry ƒ vI golI lgI sI[ auh GoVw Bjw ky jMmU vl clw igAw sI[ is`K &OjW ny aus dw ip`Cw kIqw sI qy 7-8 iklomItr dUr jw ky aus ƒ Gyr ky mwr idqw sI[ ies dy nwl hI is`K POjIAW ny hIrw isMh ’qy vI hmlw kIqw sI[ aus ny qW A`goN twkrw vI kIqw sI pr iek is`K dy nyzy nwl auh vI mwirAw igAw sI[ pMfq jlHw qW qlvwr dy iek vwr nwl hI mwirAw igAw sI[ ienHW swirAW dy mrn mgroN &OjW drbwr dw swrw ^zwnw qy hor swrw mwl-m`qw lY ky lwhOr muV AweIAW sn[

ies vyly lwhOr drbwr dI swrI kwrvweI AMgryz rYzIfYNt dI mnzUrI nwl cldI sI[ &rvrI 1847 ivc lwhOr drbwr dy iek v&wdwr BweI prymw isMG ny plwn bxweI ik Zdwr qyjw isMh imSrw qy AMgryz rYzIfYNt ƒ kql kr ky, mhwrwjw dlIp isMG ƒ Agvw kr ky, AMgryzW ƒ k`Fx vwsqy muihMm clweI jwey[ pr AMjwm hox qoN pihlW hI ies plwn dI sUh AMgryzW ƒ iml geI[prymw isMG qy aus dy swQIAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ ies swizS ƒ ADwr bxw ky rwxI ’qy vI muk`dmw clwaux dI socI geI[ AMgryzW dw ielzwm sI ik prymw isMG ƒ BweI mhwrwj isMG (nOrMgwbwdI) Aqy rwxI dI ihmwieq hwisl sI[

meI 1848 ivc mulqwn dI sUbydwrI dw mslw Aw igAw sI[ AMgryzI &Oj ny mulqwn Gyr ilAw sI[ ies vyly qk BweI mhwrwj isMG vI mulqwn puj cukw sI[ aus ny auu~Qy phuMc ky is`K &OjW ƒ jQybMd krnw SurU kr idqw sI[ pr ies mOky ’qy Aw^rI lVweI ivc 1 julweI 1848 dy idn AMgryz hI jyqU rhy sn[ ies smyN mhwrwj isMG bc ky au~QoN inkl igAw sI[

auDr sMn 1847 ivc AMgryzW ny hzwry dy sUbydwr cqr isMG AtwrI nUM vI qMg krnw SurU kr id`qw hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN AMgryzW ny aus dy pu`qr Syr isMG AtwrI nUM vI qMg krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ ies dy nqIjy vjoN AMgryzW Aqy is`K &OjW ivc rwmngr (22 nvMbr 1848), cyilAWvwlw (13 jnvrI 1849) Aqy gujrwq (21 &rvrI 1849) dIAW lVweIAW hoeIAW sn[ ies hwlq ivc mhwrwj isMG ny AtwrIvwilAW dw bhuq swQ id`qw sI[ pr, iqMnW lVweIAW ivc AMgryzW Aqy is`KW dohW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw[ gujrwq ivc is`KW nUM bhuq zbrdsq hwr hoeI sI[

gujrwq ivc is`KW dI hwr mgroN AtwrIvwilAW ny hiQAwr su`t id`qy sn, pr, mhwrwj isMG ies g`l dy h`k ivc nhIN sI[ auh Ajy Gto-Gt iek hor lVweI zrUr lVnw cwhuMdw sI[ krnl rCpwl isMG qoN isvw hor koeI vI mhwrwj isMG dw swQ dyx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI hoieAw sI[

rwvlipMfI ivc AtwrIvwilAW Aqy hornW v`loN hiQAwr su`tx vyly mhwrwj isMG ienHW dy nwl Swiml nhIN hoieAw sI[ auh au~QoN inkl ky kSmIr vl nUM clw igAw sI[ auh kuJ icr ipMf dyvI btwlw ivc TihirAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny kuJ swQIAW nwl rwbqw bxwieAw sI[ CyqI aus dy kuJ swQI aus nwl Swiml ho gey sn[ hux aus ny cMbI ivc fyry lw ley[ ie`QoN auh v`K-v`K QWvW ’qy jWdw irhw sI Aqy bhuq swry is`KW nUM imldw irhw sI[ ie`Qy aus nUM pqw l`gw ik dlIp isMG nUM g`dI qoN lwh ky pMjwb nUM AMgryzI rwj ivc imlwieAw jw cukw hY[mhwrwj isMG ny dlIp isMG nUM Agvw krn dI koiSS vI kIqI sI; pr, ijnHW nUM ieh ifaUtI sONpI geI sI auh ibnW kuJ hwisl kIiqAW hI igR&qwr ho gey sn[ ies nwl AMgryzW ny dlIp isMG dI sikaUirtI vDw id`qI qy auh iek qrHW nwl kYdI hI bxw ilAw igAw[ hux AMgryzW ny dlIp isMG nUM pMjwb ivcoN k`F ky dUr Byjx dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[

jUn qoN AkqUbr 1849 qk mhwrwj isMG sUjovwl (btwlw nyVy) irhw sI[ ikauNik aus kol qy aus dy swQIAW kol pYsy dI kmI sI, ies kr ky aus ny Awpxy swQIAW nUM hiQAwrW Aqy pYisAW dw ieMqzwm krn vwsqy v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc ByijAw sI[ bhuq swry is`KW ny aunHW nUM mdd dw XkIn idvwieAw[ BweI mhwrwj isMG ny kwbl dy AmIr nwl vI rwbqw kIqw[ aus ny iek vwr Pyr mdd krn dw ‘vwAdw’ kIqw sI (drAsl lwrw lwieAw sI)[

mhwrwj isMG ny lokW nUM jgwaux vwsqy gRMQIAW qy pRcwrkW dI ifaUtI lweI sI[ ies mgroN auh Awp sUjovwl qoN gulyrW, ikSnpur, kurwlw, jlMDr, huiSAwrpur qy keI hor jgh vI igAw sI[ swrw hwl jwxn mgroN aus ny hiQAwr hwisl krn vwsqy jlMDr qy huiSAwrpur dIAW CwvxIAW ’qy hmlw krn dI plwn bxweI sI[ ies inSwny nUM hwisl krn vwsqy aus ny ienHW CwvxIAW ivc keI is`K &OjIAW nwl g`lbwq vI kIqI sI[

mhwrwj isMG dIAW kwrvweIAW bwry AMgryz hwkmW nUM vI QoVHI-bhuq ^br iml cukI sI[ pr, auh swrw zor lw skx dy bwvjUd aus q`k nhIN sn phuMc sky sn[ bhuq swrI ibRitS sUhIAw pulIs aus dy ip`Cy l`gI hoeI sI[ iek vwr mulqwn dy nyVy PVy jwx qoN auh msW hI bicAw sI[ iek vwr AMgryzW nUM ieh vI ^br imlI ik auh fu`b igAw hY[ ies ^br ’qy aunHW ny bVI ^uSI mnweI sI[ pr ieh ^uSI QoVHw icr hI kwiem rhI jd ieh pqw l`gw ik ieh isr& A&vwh hI sI[ hux AMgryzW ny ies is`K jrnYl mhwrwj isMG dI igR&qwrI vwsqy ds hzwr rupY dw eInwm AYlwx kr id`qw[ dunIAW Br dI qvwrI^ ivc (2001 ivc ibn lwdn dy eInwm qoN pihlW) eyfw v`fw eInwm iksy dw nhIN sI r`iKAw igAw sI[ 1849 dy ds hzwr rupY A`j dy kroVW ruipAW dy brwbr sn[

mhwrwj isMG qoN swry AMgryz, sxy lwrf flhOzI dy, eynw frdy sn ik iek vwr lwrf flhOzI ny iliKAw sI ik “..jy auh myry h`Q Aw igAw qW mYN aus nUM &WsI lw idAWgw[”  BweI mhwrwj isMG bwry brwauUtn dy l&z sn: “ies mOky ’qy iek is`K mhwrwj isMG auiTAw[ aus ny Kwlsy dI qlvwr imAwn coN k`FI Aqy ibRitS (ijhVy is`KW nUM ^qm krn vwsqy muslmwnW nwl imly hoey sn) dy i^lw& bZwvq dw JMfw KVw kIqw[ mhwrwj isMG ny Awm is`KW, sUbweI AihlkwrW Aqy sUby dIAW isrkrdw hsqIAW nwl rwbqw bxwieAw[ aus ny aunHW qoN &Mf ley qy ipMfW ivc lokW ivc AsMqoS dI lihr clweI[ lok aus dI &Oj nUM rotI dyNdy sn; pyNfU j`t aus dy nwl rl gey sn; Coty A&sr, kwrdwr, pulIs qy &Oj ny aus nUM Kwlsy dw muhwi&z AwK ky siqkwr dyNdy sn[”

jlMDr dy, audoN dy ifptI kimSnr, vMisqwrq muqæwibkæ, “BweI iek Awm AwdmI nhIN hY[ auh mukwmI lokW vwsqy auvyN hI hY ijvyN k`tV eIsweIAW vwsqy jIss krweIst hY[”

iehI kwrn sn ik AMgryz hwkm mhwrwj isMG qoN bVw frdy sn qy aus dI Bwl ivc swrI mSInrI l`gI hoeI sI[ AMgryzW ny muslmwnW Aqy ihMdUAW ivc ieh prcwr kIqw hoieAw sI ik mhwrwj isMG inrol Kwlsw rwj kwiem krnw cwhuMdw hY[ AMgryzW dy ies pRcwr kwrn ds hzwr rupY dy eInwm dy lwlc ny keI muslmwnW qy ihMdUAW ivc AmIr bxn dI ^wihS pYdw kr id`qI sI qy auh AMgryzW dy mu^br bxn vwsqy iqAwr ho gey sn[

28 dsMbr 1849 dy idn, jlMDr qy huiSAwrpr CwauxIAW ’qy hmly qoN isr& 6 idn pihlW, mhwrwj isMG Awdmpur nyVy iek gMny dy Kyq ivc Awpxy 21 swQIAW sxy luikAw hoieAw sI ik aunHW nUM iek muslmwn ny vyK ilAw sI[ aus ny jlMDr jw ky ifptI kimSnr nUM ies dI ieqlwh dy id`qI sI[ ifptI kimSnr iek dm BwrI &ors lY ky Awdmpur Aw pu`jw sI[ &Oj ny aus Kyq nUM cwry pwisAW qoN Gyr ilAw[ eynI v`fI &Oj vyK ky mhwrwj isMG ny mihsUs kIqw ik auh B`j vI nhIN skygw[mhwrwj isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ky ausy vkq sMglW qy byVIAW ivc jkV id`qw igAw sI[ mhwrwj isMG nUM jlMDr jylH ivc phuMcwieAw igAw sI[ jd auh au~Qy pu`jy qW au~Qy qweInwq pihrydwrW ny mhwrwj isMG nUM vyK ky isr Jukw ky siqkwr zwihr kIqw sI[ ies qoN ifptI kimSnr hor fr igAw sI Aqy aus nUM jlMDr r`Kx dI bjwie klk`qw Byj id`qw sI[ AMgryz Ajy vI aus qoN bhuq frdy sI ies kr ky aunHW ny aus nUM jlwvqn kr ky isMgwpur Byj id`qw sI[ isMgwpur ivc aus nUM AwaUtrwm jylH ivc riKAw igAw sI[ ie`Qy aus nUM iek in`kI ijhI koTVI ivc r`iKAw igAw ij`Qy islH qy hnyrw sI[ ies in`kI ijhI koTVI ivc vI aus nUM byVIAW pweIAW hoeIAW sn[ nqIjy dy qOr ’qy mhwrwj isMG nUM p`iTAW dIAW drdW SurU ho geIAW[ hnyrI koTVI dI kYd kwrn aus dIAW A`KW dI rOSnI vI jWdI rhI sI[ QoVHy icr ivc hI auh h`fIAW dI mu`T bx ky rih igAw (ieh sI AMgryzW dw iek isAwsI kYdI nwl slUk[ AMgryzW nUM jMgI AihdnwimAW (vwr knvYnSnz), ienswnIAq, iensw& sB Bu`l cuky sn qy aunHW ’qy isr& iek zwlm vihSI soc hwvI sI)[ A^Ir ies ‘nrk’ ivc 5 swl qoN vD smW kYd k`tidAW auh 5 julweI 1856 dy idn cVHweI kr igAw sI[

mhwrwj isMG dy nwl aus dy swry krIbI swQI vI PVy gey sn qy ip`Cy koeI jQybMd krn vwlw nhIN sI rih igAw sI[ ies kr ky AMgryzW dy i^lw& hox vwlI Aw^rI j`dojihd ADUrI rih geI sI[

isMGwpur ivc islht rof ’qy  is`KW ny BweI mhwrwj isMG dI iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw hY.

mhw isMG

 

BweI mhW isMG 29 dsMbr 1705 dy idn iKdrwxy dI Fwb ’qy 39 hor is`KW smyq vzIr ^wn dI &Oj nwl lVweI ivc mwirAw igAw sI[ mhW isMG BweI rwey isMG dw sB qoN v`fw pu`qr sI[ aus dy dwdw BweI mweI dws Aqy pVdwdw ShId BweI b`lU sn[ BweI mnI isMG aus dw skw cwcw sI[ mhW isMG gurU goibMd isMG dw bVw nzdIkI isdkI is`K sI[ sMn 1705 ivc auh Awpxy ipqw rwey isMG dy nwl izlHw lwhOr dy ipMf mrl-mwVI ivc irhw krdw sI[

dsMbr 1705 dy Aw^rI h&qy jdoN mwJy dy 40 is`KW dw iek j`Qw gurU goibMd isMG jI dy drSn krn vwsqy mwlvy dI qr& igAw qW ieh vI aus jQy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ies jQy dw myl gurU jI nwl ipMf rUpyAwxw kol ho igAw sI[ jQy dy iek pirvwr ny ies mOky ’qy joS ivc Aw ky gurU swihb ƒ bydwvw ilK id`qw sI[ ausy idn ies jQy dI JVp vzIr ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd) dI &Oj nwl ho geI sI[ ies lVweI ivc auh burI qrHW z^m ho ky if`g ipAw sI[ BwvyN aus ƒ kw&I z^m Awey sn pr keI GMty q`k aus dy swh cldy rhy sn[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG au~Qy pu`jy qW auh Ajy sihk irhw sI[ aus qoN ielwvw aus dw ipqw rwey isMG Aqy J`lIAW ipMf dw suMdr isMG vI Ajy swh lY rhy sn[

ies vyly djoN aus dy ipqw rwey isMG ny Jbwl dy cwr isMGW vloN ilKy pMcwieqI bydwvy ƒ PwVn vwsqy gurU swihb ƒ Arz kIqI qW aus ny vI Awpxy ipqw dI hwmI BrI sI[ gurU jI ny aunHW dI ^wihS ausy vyly pUrI kr id`qI sI[ ies qoN mgroN gurU jI bhuq dyq qk ienHW nwl g`lW krdy rhy sn[ A`DI rwq dy nyVy suMdr isMG ny swh C`f id`qy sn[ kuJ icr mgroN mhW isMG dw ipqw vI cVHweI kr igAw sI[ sB qoN A^Ir ’qy ies ny vI duniAW qoN ivdwiegI hwisl kr leI sI[ aus ny AwpxI izMdgI dy Aw^rI pl gurU goibMd isMG jI dI godI ivc ibqwey sn[ 30 dsMbr 1705 dI svyr ƒ aus dw Aqy 39 hor isMGW dw sskwr gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw sI[

mhW isMG dy cwr pu`qr sn: ihMmq isMG, sujwn isMG, dwn isMG, qwrw isMG[ ienHW ivcoN ihMMmq isMG sB qoN v`fw sI[ aus dy A`goN Cy pu`qr sn: srmuK isMG, bu`D isMG, gujr isMG, dYAw isMG, Bgq isMG qy gurmuK isMG[ ienHW swirAW dy A`goN v`fy t`br sn[ ienHW t`brW ivcoN A`j vI bhuq swry Gr ipMf sUhroN, nnhyVw, kOlI (izlHw pitAwlw), jlMDr Sihr, ipMf p`lw (i&rozpur) ivc rih rhy hn[ ieh swry t`br ienHW QwvW ’qy 1947 qoN bwAd Aw ky vsy sn.

mhW isMG sukrckIAw

 

mhW isMG (sMn 1760-1790), pu`qr cVHq isMG dw jnm mweI dysW dI kuK qoN sukrck ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny muZlW Aqy A&ZwnW dy i^lw& bhuq swrIAW lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ aus dI pihlI v`fI ij`q rohqws iklHy dI sI[ ies mgroN sMn 1780 ivc aus ny jY isMG kneIAw nwl iml ky rsUl ngr (rwm ngr) ’qy hmlw kIqw sI[ au~QoN dy hwkm pIr muhMmd ny aus dw ft ky twkrw kIqw sI, pr A^Ir mhW isMG ny ies irAwsq ’qy kbzw kr hI ilAw sI[ ies mgroN aus ny ipMfI B`tIAW, swhIvwl, eIsw ^yl, JMg Awid ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1782 ivc aus ny kneIAw imsl nwl iml ky jMmU ’qy hmlw kIqw[ ies mgroN aus dI kneIAw imsl nwl ivgV geI sI Aqy dohW ivc Acl vtwlw QW ’qy lVweI hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw aus dy nwl sI[ ies lVweI ivc kneIAw imsl dy jrnYl gurb^s isMG dI mOq ho geI sI[ (mgroN gurb^S isMG dI GrvwlI ny mhW isMG nwl smJOqw kr ilAw sI Aqy AwpxI DI mihqwb kOr dw ivAwh mhW isMG dy pu`qr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nwl kr id`qw sI)[ sMn 1790 ivc aus ny swihb isMG BMgI ’qy hmlw kIqw sI[ swihb isMG ny Awpxy Awp nUM soDrw dy iklHy ivc bMd kr ilAw sI[ ieh Gyrw bhuq dyr qk cldw irhw sI[ ies dOrwn mhW isMG nUM pycS qy mroV dI bImwrI ny Gyr ilAw sI Aqy ies bImwrI nwl ApRYl 1790 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

mDU sUdn

 pMfq mDUsUdn, pu`qr pMfq ibRj rwj, mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw rwj puroihq sI[ auh mhwrwjy dy dwn mihkmy dw ieMcwrj vI sI[ srkwr v`loN iks nUM ikMnw dwn krnw hY ies dw &Yslw auh kirAw krdw sI[ ies kr ky auh bRwhmxW nUM vDyry dwn idAw krdw sI[ ieh mDUsUdn hI sI ijs ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM mhIny ivc do vwr bRwhmxW nUM qulwdwn dyx vwsqy slwh id`qI sI[ mhwrwjw ieh qulwdwn hr m`isAw Aqy pUrnmwSI dy idn kirAw krdw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny mDusUdn nUM bhuq jwgIrW id`qIAW hoeIAW sn; ies kr ky auh bhuq AmIr sI[ sMn 1849 ivc pMjwb ’qy kbzy mgroN AMgRyzW ny vI aus nUM ds hzwr rupY dI jwgIr id`qI sI[ aus dI mOq sMn 1863 ivc lwhOr ivc hoeI sI.

mwDo soFI

 kSmIr vwsI BweI mwDo soFI  gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy pRmuK isKW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: mwDo soFI kwsmIr, gurisKI dI cwl clweI  (vwr 11, pauVI 26).

mwDo prmwr

 

BweI mwDo BweI b`lU dw pu`qr, BweI mUlw dy poqw qy BweI rwE dw pVpoqw sI[ mnI isMG aus dw s`kw BqIjw sI[ auh prmwr-rwjpUq pirvwr nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ ieh pirvwr pMjvIN pwqSwhI dy vyly qoN gurU Gr nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ jdoN CyvIN pwiqSwhI ny &Oj bxweI qW mwDo vI hornW dy nwl ies &Oj ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[

mwDo bVw bhwdur qy jWbwz jvwn sI[ aus ny AMimRqsr qy mihrwj dIAW lVweIAW ivc vI bhwdrI idKweI sI[ 26 ApRYl 1635 dy idn jdoN pYNdy ^wn jlMDr dy nvwb dy iek jrnYl Asmwn ^wn JWgVI ƒ krqwrpur ’qy cVHw ilAwieAW qW is`K &OjW ny aunHW dw ft ky mukwblw kIqw[ ies mOky ’qy mwDo ny vI AwpxI bhwdrI dy jOhr idKwey sn[mwDo qy nTIAw dw mukwblw Asmwn ^wn JWgVI qy aus dy swQIAW nwl hoieAw sI[ h`Qo-h`Q lVweI ivc mwDo ny keI muZl ispwhI mwr id`qy sn qy A^Ir Awp vI jwn dy igAw sI[ aus dw Brw nTIAw vI ies lVweI ivc burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw sI[ mwDo dw izkr “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc ieM\ imldw hY:‘nTIAw b`lU kw, mwDo b`lU kw poqy mUly kw, pVpoqy rwaU ky, bMJrwauNq, swl solW sY bwnmy vYswK pRivSty iekqIs mMglvwr ky idhuM, krqwrpur ky mlHwn prgxw jlMDr, gurU kw hukm pwie Asmwn ^W JWgVI gYl iBVy, qIn phr Gor ju`D hUAw[ gurU ky pwilq pYNdy ^wn ny gurU qy vwr kIAw jo KwlI igAw[ gurU jI ky prqwmy vwr sy pYNdy ^W mwrw igAw[ gurU kI jIq hUeI[ BweI mwDo rxBUmI myN swmHy mwQy jUJ kir mrw, nTIAw gurU kw joDw, keI rx jUJMqy sUirEN gYl lV ky Gwiel hoAw[’ (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw bMJrauNq jlHwnoN kw).

mYkwl&, mYks AwrQr

 

mYks AwrQr mYkwl& (10.9.1841 – 15.3.1913) dw jnm inaUkwsl vYst (AwierlYNf) ivc hoieAw sI[ BweI kwnH isMG nwBw ny aus dw jnm 29 sqMbr 1837 dw iliKAw hY[

mYkwl& ny AMgRyzI dy nwl-nwl &rYNc qy ietYlIAn  zbwnW vI is`KIAW sn[ sMn 1862 aus ny ieMfIAn isvl srivsz dw iemiqhwn pws kIqw sI Aqy &rvrI 1864 ivc aus nUM pMjwb ivc qeInwq kr id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1882 ivc auh ifptI kimSnr Aqy 1884 ivc fvIXnl j`j bxwieAw igAw sI[ jrmn dy ArnYst trMp dw gurU gRMQ swihb dw AMgRyzI ivc qrjmw jo sMn 1877 ivc CipAw sI, ny is`KW ivc bVw ros pYdw kIqw sI[ is`K jQybMdIAW Aqy AwgUAW ny mYkwl& nUM Arz kIqI ik auh gurU gRMQ swihb dw qrjmw AMgRyzI ivc kry[ aus ny sMn 1893 ivc AsqI&w dy ky gurU gRMQ swihb dw qrjmw krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ mgroN aus ny ies ivc gur ieiqhws vI Swiml kr ilAw sI[

     nOkrI C`fx mgroN rwjw ibkrmw &rIdkot, hIrw isMG nwBw, rijMdrw isMG pitAwlw, rxbIr isMG jINd, rxjIq isMG CCrOlI, irpudmn isMG nwBw, gwiekvwV Aw& bVOdw ny aus nUM mwlI mdd dw vwAdw kIqw, ijs kr ky auh Awrwm nwl kMm SurU kr sikAw sI[  is`K &ls&w smJx vwsqy BweI kwnH isMG, pRo. gurmuK isMG, srdUl isMG igAwnI, sMq isMG kpUrQlw, drbwr isMG, Bgvwn isMG pitAwlw, dsONdw isMG &Irozpur, igAwnI id`q isMG Awid igAwnIAW ny mYkwl& dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI[ auh jo kuJ vI ilKdw sI, auh ienHW ivdvwnW nUM pVHn vwsqy dy idAw krdw sI[ aus ny 16 swl dI imhnq nwl gurbwxI dw qrjmw vI kIqw sI qy gur ieiqhws vI iliKAw sI[ aus dIAW ilKqW nUM Awks&orf XUnIvristI pRYs ny sMn 1909 ivc “d isK irlIjn, iets gurUz, sykrf rweIitMgz AYNf AwauQrz” nW hyT CwipAw sI[ aus ny klk`qw rIivaU jrnl, ibRtYnIkw AYnsweIklopIfIAw Awid ivc is`K Drm bwry bhuq kuJ iliKAw sI[ aus ny keI QWeIN is`K Drm bwry pypr  vI pVHy sn qy lYkcr vI kIqy sn[ is`KW ny aus dy nW qy iek mYfl jwrI kIqw sI; bs eynI ku SrDWjlI is`KW ny aus dI mhwn dyx dy bdly ivc id`qI sI.

mYkwl& dsqwr ivc

mwn isMG rwTOr

 

BweI mwn isMG ny 17 mwrc 1707 dy idn bGOr (rwijsQwn) ivc ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[mwn isMG AjIq (jIqw) isMG dw pu`qr, rwmw dw poqrw qy suKIAw mWfn dw pVpoqw sI[ (ieh suKIAw mnI isMG dw s`kw Pu`PV Aqy ShId b`lU dw juAweI sI)[ b`lU ny 13 ApRYl 1634 dy idn gurU dw c`k, AMimRqsr ivc ShIdI jwm pIqw sI[

mwn isMG dy qwieAw bjr isMG rwTOr ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb ƒ hiQAwr clwaux Aqy GoV-svwrI dI isKlweI id`qI sI[ ieh bjr isMG mgroN cpVicVI, srhMd dI lVweI ivc, 13 meI 1710 dy idn, bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdur dy nwl rl ky liVAw sI qy ShId hoieAw sI[bjr isMG dI bytI bIbI iB`KW ny BweI jIvn isMG (jYqw) dy jQy nwl 6 dsMbr 1705 dI svyr ƒ ipMf J`KIAW dI jUh ivc, srsw ndI dy nyVy, ShIdI pweI sI[

mwn isMG dw ipqw AjIq (jIqw) isMG, cwcw nyqw isMG qy v`fy BrwvW syvw isMG qy mohr isMG ny 14 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShIdI jwm pIqw sI[mwn isMG dw sB qoN v`fw Brw ihMmq isMG vI 13 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShId ho cu`kw sI[

gurU goibMd swihb jdoN 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo qoN d`Kx v`l tury qW ijhVy igxqI dy is`K gurU swihb dy nwl gey mwn isMG aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ gurU swihb qlvMfI swbo qoN kyvl, JorV, JMfw, srsw, nOhr huMdy hoey 30 nvMbr dy idn kulwieq pu`jy sn[ jdoN gurU swihb kulwieq ivc sn qW aunHW ƒ dieAw isMG Aqy Drm isMG vI Aw imly sn[ aunHW d`isAw ik auh AOrMgzyb ƒ iml ky gurU swihb dI ic`TI (z&rnwmw) dy Awey sn[ aunHW ieh vI d`isAw ik AOrMgzyb ny ies dy jvwb ivc ic`TIAW ilK ky id`lI qy lwhOr dy sUbydwrW Aqy srhMd dy &Ojdwr nUM Byj id`qIAW sn qy gurU swihb ƒ imlx vwsqy AOrMgwbwd bulwieAw sI[

dieAw isMG dI g`l suxn mgroN gurU swihb ny aus ƒ d`isAw ik AOrMgzyb hux iqAwrIAW ivc hY qy aus nwl swfw myl nhIN ho skxw [ clo iPr vI AwpW cldy hW[ ies mgroN gurU jI d`Kx v`l c`l pey sn[ Ajy auh ArwvlI phwV lMGy hI sn ik AOrMgzyb dy mrn dI ^br Aw geI[ AOrMgzyb 20 &rvrI 1707 dy idn mr cukw sI[ ies mgroN gurU swihb ny d`Kx jwx dw ierwdw C`f id`qw sI Aqy bGOr ngr dy bwhr pVwA kr ilAw sI[ ieh g`l 16 mwrc 1707 dI hY[ Agly idn 17 mwrc ƒ mwn isMG rwTOr Aqy kuJ hor is`K aUTW ƒ Gwh crvwaux vwsqy lY gey sn[ Acwnk aUT iksy dy bwZ ivc jw vVy sn[ ies qoN pihlW ik is`K aunHW ƒ bwZ ivc mUMh mwrnoN rok skdy aUTW ny bwZ dw kuJ ih`sw aujwV id`qw sI[ kuJ icr ivc hI bwZ dy mwilk (jo ipMf dw cODrI vI sI) mhW nMd Aqy aus dw Cotw Brw moKrw cMd dy bMdy vI auQy Aw gey[ aunHW ny gu`sy ivc is`KW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ is`KW ny vI ies dw jvwb aunHW dI bolI ivc hI id`qw sI[ ies iek dm hoey hmly ivc mwn isMG mwirAw igAw sI Aqy Drm isMG burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw sI[ ieh lVweI QoVHw icr hI clI sI qy mhW cMd qy moKrw dy bMdy Kwlsw &OjW dy A`gy itk nhIN sky sn[ ies mgroN is`KW ny Drm isMG dI mrhm p`tI kIqI qy mwn isMG dw sskwr kIqw sI[ mwn isMG dI icKw ƒ gurU swihb ny Awpxy h`QW nwl A`g lweI sI[

ieh lVweI 18 qy 19 mwrc dy idn Pyr hoeI[ 19 mwrc ƒ qW bVI gih-g`c lVweI hoeI sI[ ies idn is`KW ny mhW cMd, moKrw cMd Aqy keI hor hmlwvr vI mwr id`qy sn[ ies lVweI ivc cwr is`K vI mwry gey sn[ mhW nMd qy moKrw cMd dI mOq ip`CoN iksy ny vI gurU swihb ’qy hmlw nhIN kIqw sI[

mwn isMG bVw dlyr S^s sI Aqy auh gurU swihb dIAW keI lVweIAW ivc ih`sw lY cu`kw sI[ auh hmySW sB qoN mUhry ho ky liVAw krdw sI[mwn isMG kul 10 Brw sn ijnHW ivcoN Cy aus qoN v`fy sn[ aus dy iqMn v`fy Brw inrmohgVH ivc 13 qy 14 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn ShId ho cu`ky sn[ aus dy byty cMnx isMG Aqy aus qoN v`fy iqMn Brw (pRsMn isMG, AnUp isMG qy kyhr isMG) mgroN 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc ShId kIqy gey sn[ ies pirvwr ivcoN drjnw jixAW ny pMQ leI Awpxy isr Byt kIqy sn

mwn isMG inSwncI

 

BweI mwn isMG inSwncI  2 ApRYl 1708 dy idn icqOV dy iklHy dy bwhr hoeI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ mwn isMG mweI dws Aqy mwqw mDrI bweI dw pMjvW pu`qr sI[ aus dy dwdw BweI b`lU ny 13 ApRYl 1634 dy idn gurU dw c`k ivc ShIdI pweI sI[ mwn isMG gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw iek ^ws drbwrI sI[ aus ƒ mwn isMG inSwncI AwK ky bulwieAw jWdw sI ikauNik auh inSwn swihb lY ky hr kw&ly ivc jW hr lVweI dy mOky ’qy sB qoN A`gy irhw krdw sI[ hor qW hor jdoN holw mh`lw dw jlUs inkl ky AnMdgV iklHy qoN crn gMgw dy mYdwn v`l jwieAw krdw sI qW mwn isMG Kwlsy dw nIlw inSwn swihb lY ky jlUs dI AgvweI kirAw krdw sI[ aus dw inSwnw bVw zbrdsq sI Aqy kdy cUkdw nhIN sI[ ies kr ky vI aunHW ƒ inSwncI AwiKAw jWdw sI[mwn isMG Aksr AnMdpur swihb hI irhw krdw sI[

mwn isMG ny AnMdpur swihb Aqy inrmohgVH dIAW swrIAW lVweIAW ivc sB qoN mUhry ho ky ih`sw ilAw sI[ ienHW lVweIAW ivcoN iek lVweI ivc auh z^mI vI hoieAw sI[ ieh g`l 16 jnvrI 1704 dI hY jdoN Ajmyr cMd ny AnMdpur ’qy Acwnk hmlw kr id`qw sI[ ies hmly ivc hMfUr (hux nwlwgVH) dw rwjw vI aus dy nwl sI[ 16 jnvrI 1704 dy idn qkrIbn 8 GMty bVI gih-g`c lVweI hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc mwn isMG ny inSwn swihb zmIn ’qy g`f ky, h`Q ivc qlvwr lY ky, f`t ky lVweI kIqI sI[ ies lVweI dOrwn auh burI qrHW z^mI ho ky if`g ipAw sI Aqy nwl hI nIlw inSwn swihb vI aus dy h`QoN Cu`t ky zmIn ’qy if`g ipAw sI[ iek is`K ny iek-dm A`gy v`D ky inSwn swihb sMBwl ilAw sI Aqy do is`K mwn isMG ƒ cu`k ky kysgVH lY gey sn ij`Qy gurU jI ny aunHW dI mrhm p`tI krweI sI[

jdoN gurU jI ƒ inSwn swihb dy if`gx dI g`l pqw l`gI sI qW aunHW ny ausy vyly hI AwpxI dsqwr dy hyToN kyskI ivcoN iek nIly rMg dI lIr (P`rrw) pwV leI sI Aqy AwpxI dsqwr ivc JUldy JMfy vWg &rrw sjw ilAw sI[ aunHW ny AYlwn kIqw ik Kwlsy dw inSwn swihb muV ky kdy vI nhIN tu`tygw ikauNik ieh &Oj dy jrnYlW Aqy mUhry ho ky lVn vwilAW dIAW dsqwrW ivc P`rry vWg ltkdw irhw krygw [ (mgroN iesy Gtnw ƒ “inhMg” isMGW dI SurUAwq mMn ilAw igAw ikauNik P`rrw iesy idn, 16 jnvrI 1704, qoN SurU hoieAw sI) [

mwn isMG dy z^m CyqI hI TIk ho gey sn Aqy aus ny syvw Pyr sMBwl leI sI[ jdoN gurU swihb ny 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq ƒ AnMdpur swihb C`ifAw qW ijnHW 40 isMGW ny gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg jIx-mrn dw pRx kIqw sI ieh ivcoN Awp iek sI[ ieh gurU swihb dy nwl hI AnMdpur swihb qoN c`ilAw sI Aqy srsw ndI pwr krn mgroN vI gurU swihb dy nwl hI irhw sI[ ieh 7 dsMbr 1705 dI svyr vyly gurU swihb dy nwl hI cmkOr ivc p`ujw sI[ jdoN srhMd dI &Oj ny cmkOr dI gVHI ’qy hmlw kIqw qW ies ny vI qIr clw-clw ky keI duSmx mwry sn [

7 qy 8 dsMbr dI A`DI rwq ƒ gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy nwl cmkOr dI gVHI ivcoN inkl ky cly jwx vwly pMj is`KW ivc ieh vI sI[ ies mgroN vI ieh gurU swihb dy nwl-nwl irhw sI[ ieh gurU swihb dy nwl mwCIvwVw, dInw-kWgV, iKdrwxw huMdy hoey qlvMfI swbo pu`jw sI[ ie`QoN ieh gurU swihb dy nwl hI 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn d`Kx v`l rvwnw hoieAw sI[

gurU swihb pihlI ApRYl 1708 dy idn icqOV pu`jy sn[ 2 ApRYl ƒ pwilq zorwvr isMG Awpxy 20 ku swQI nwl lY ky icqOV dw iklHw vyKx igAw qW iklHy dy pihrydwrW ny aus ƒ iklHy dy AMdr nw vVn id`qw[ aunHW AwiKAw ik jdoN dw ies iklHy ’qy muZlW ny kbzw kIqw hY ies ivc ZYr-muslmwnW ƒ vVn dI iejwzq nhIN hY[ ies g`l ’qy qkrwr SurU ho igAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI bol-bulwrw v`D igAw Aqy lVweI SurU ho geI[ ies lVweI ivc qIrW qy qlvwrW dI ^Ub vrqoN hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc svw sO ivcoN sO dy krIb iklHy dy pihrydwr mwry gey sn[ is`KW ivcoN vI mwn isMG inSwncI, pwilq zorwvr isMG Aqy 20 ku is`K vI mwry gey sn[ ienHW swirAW dw sskwr gurU jI ny Awpxy h`QIN gMBIr ndI dy kMFy ’qy 3 ApRYl 1708 dy idn kIqw sI.

mwn isMG dI ShIdI bwry iek ieMdrwj B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ivc ieM\ imldw hY“mwn isMG bytw mweI dws kw, poqw b`lU kw, pVpoqw mUly kw, cMdrbMsI BwrdvwjI goqrw pMvwr, bMs bINJy kw, bMJrauNq, rdauNq, jlhwnw, blauNq, swl sqrW sY pYNsT imqI bYswK privSty Cy, gMBIr ndI ky iknwry gVH cqaur mYN qurkoN g`l, swmHyN mwQy jUJ kr mrw [ gYl zorwvr isMG, bytw nQU kw, bwsI bsI pTwxW, bwFI suq mrw [ au~ns swQI AOr mry [ gMBIr ndI ky iknwry dwZ dIAw [” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw jlhwnoN kw)[ ies dI ShIdI dw izkr “B`t vhI BwdsoN, prgnw Qwnysr” dy s&w 67 ’qy vI imldw hY [ mwn isMG dw iek bytw gurb^S isMG inhMg sI jo mgroN inhMgW dy jQy dw muKI bixAw sI.

mwn isMG j`j

 

mwn isMG (1887- 6.1.1949), pu`qr nMd isMG, dw jnm AMbwlw ivc hoieAw sI[ auh Ajy in`kw hI sI ik aus dy ipqw qy mwqw cVHweI kr gey sn[ ies dy bwvjUd aus ny pVHweI jwrI r`KI sI[ auh Dwrimk qy smwijk kMmW ivc vI vD cVH ky ih`sw ilAw krdw sI[ auh Ajy Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc pVHdw sI ik aus nUM Kwlsw dIvwn AMbwlw Aqy cI& ^wlsw dIvwn dI AYZzYkitv ivc cux ilAw igAw sI[ AwpxI kwnUMn dI ifgrI hwisl krn mgroN aus ny AMbwly ivc vkwlq SurU kr id`qI sI[ sMn 1920 ivc jdoN pihlI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI cuxI jwxI sI qW ies kmytI nUM rokx vwsqy AMgRyzI srkwr ny do idn pihlW 13 nvMbr 1920 dy idn iek 36 mYNbrI gurduAwrw kmytI bxwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ ies ivc muK nW mhwrwjw BUipMdrw isMG pitAwlw dw sI[ ies ilst ivc ie`kIvW nW mwn isMG AMbwlw dw vI sI[ srkwr dI ies kwrvweI dy bwvjUd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI cuxI geI sI qy ienHW 35 mYNbrW nUM vI cuxy mYNbrW ivc Swiml kr ilAw igAw sI[ sMNn 1921 ivc auh pwrlImYNt dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1922 ivc auh AMbwlw qoN lwhOr Aw igAw sI Aqy hweI kort ivc vkwlq SurU kr id`qI sI[ sMn 1927 qoN 1930 qk auh Kwlsw hweI skUl dw AwnryrI mYnyjr vI irhw sI[ sMn 1926 ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny aus nUM kwnUMnI slwhkwr r`K ilAw sI[ sMn 1930 ivc aus nUM pitAwlw hweI kort ivc j`j lw id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1935 ivc aus nUM gurduAwrw jufISIAl kimSn ivc j`j lw id`qw igAw sI[ lwhOr ivc lVkIAW dw kwlj KolHx ivc aus dw v`fw rol sI[ sMn 1948 ivc aus nUM pYpsU hweI kort dw j`j lw id`qw igAw sI, pr ies qoN CyqI mgroN hI aus dI moq ho geI sI.

BUipMdr isMG, igAwnI

 

igAwnI BUipMdr isMG (17.8.1910 – 13.3.1995), pu`qr nrYx isMG, dw jnm ipMf c`kr (izlHw muz&rwbwd, kSmIr) ivc iek bRwhmx pirvwr ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1947 ivc ieh pirvwr AMimRqsr Aw v`isAw sI[ ie`Qy Aw ky BUipMdr isMG ny iek gRMQI vjoN syvw SurU kIqI sI[ ApRYl 1958 ivc ieh hY~f gRMQI bx igAw sI[ sMn 1957 ivc i&rkU ihMdUAW v`loN drbwr swihb AMiMmRqsr Aqy hor gurduAwirAW dI byhurmqI krn dIAW hrkqW krn dy i^lw& 2 &rvrI 1958 dy idn id`lI ivc iek pRotYst jlUs k`iFAw igAw sI[ ies jlUs dI AgvweI ies ny kIqI sI[ ies jlUs ivc 2 l`K qoN vD is`K Swiml hoey sn[ meI 1960 ivc pMjwbI sUbw morcw SurU ho igAw sI[ ies morcy dOrwn ies nUM 6 sqMbr 1960 dy idn igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ drbwr swihb dy hY~f gRMQI dI igR&qwrI dy i^lw& 11 sqMbr 1960 dy idn dunIAw Br ivc pRotYst kIqy gey sn Aqy ies idn swry gurduAwirAW ivc srkwr dI ies kwrvweI dy i^lw& smwgm kIqy gey sn[

     julweI 1962 ivc AkwlI dl ivc Pu`t pY geI sI Aqy ieh AkwlI dl (&qh isMG) qy AkwlI dl (mwstr qwrw isMG) do DiVAW ivc vMifAw igAw sI[ AkqUbr 1962 ivc &qh isMG gMgwngr DVy ny SRomxI kmytI ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI; Aqy ies dy nwl hI gurduAwirAW dy pRbMD ivc iBRStwcwr Aqy mnmiq dIAW kwrvweIAW SurU ho geIAW sn[ ies dy i^lw& pRotYst vjoN ies ny hY~f gRMQI dy Ahudy qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw sI[ 22 jnvrI 1964 dy idn auh AkwlI dl (mwstrw qwrw isMG DVw) dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1968 ivc &qh isMG Aqy mwstr qwrw isMG DiVAW ivc eykqw hox qk ieh aus AkwlI dl dw pRDwn bixAw irhw sI[ dohW DiVAW dI eykqw mgroN 8 AkqUbr 1968 dy idn ies nUM sWJy AkwlI dl dy pwrlImYNtrI borf dw cyArmYn bxwieAw igAw sI[ 25 mwrc 1970 dy idn ieh AkwlI dl dy aumIdvwr vjoN Bwrq dI pwrlImYNt (rwj sBw) dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1976 ivc rwj sBw dI mYNbriSp qoN irtwier hox mgroN kWgrs pwrtI ny ies nwl hmdrdI kridAW ies nUM do swl vwsqy hor mYNbr bx id`qw sI[ ies mgroN ieh isAwsq qoN irtwier ho ky Gr bYT igAw sI Aqy Agly 17 swl ies ny guMmnwmI ivc k`ty sn.

igAwnI BUipMdr isMG (gly ivc hwrW vwlw)

BUpyNdrw isMG, mhwrwjw

BUpyNdRw isMG (12.10.1891- 23.3.1938), pu`qr mhwrwjw rwijMdr isMG dw jnm moqI mihl pitAwlw ivc hoieAw sI[ ipqw dI mOq (9 nvMbr 1900) mgroN auh pitAwlw dw rwjw bixAw sI[ audoN aus dI aumr isr& 9 swl sI; ies kr ky ‘kONsl Aw& rIjYNsI’ ny irAwsq dw pRbMD sMBwl ilAw sI[ bwlZ hox qoN 11 idn pihlW pihlI AkqUbr 1910 dy idn aus ny rwj pRbMD sMBwl ilAw sI pr vwiesrwey lwrf imMto aus 3 nvMbr 1910 dy idn aus nUM rsmI qOr ’qy rwjw mMinAw sI[ BUpyNdrw isMG ny AMgRyzW AwpxI isry dI vwsqy v&wdwrI idKwaux ivc koeI ksr nhIN C`fI sI[ hor qW hor sMn 1914 ivc jdoN pihlI v`fI jMg SurU hoeI qW aus ny ^ud &rWs bYljIAm ietlI Aqy i&lsqIn ivc &Oj dI AgvweI kIqI sI[ AMgRyzW ny aus nUM pihlW lY&tInYNt krnl, iPr myjr jnrl qy lY&tInYNt jnrl dy AhuidAW nwl invwijAw sI[ sMn 1925 ivc aus ny ‘lIg Aw& nySnz’ (XU.AY.E.) ivc AMgRyzI Bwrq dI numwieMdgI kIqI sI[ sMn 1925 qoN 1935 qk ds swl auh irAwsqW dI ‘cYNbr Aw& ipRMisz’ dw cWslr irhw sI[ auh pihlw BwrqI sI ijs kol Awpxw hvweI jhwz sI, jo aus ny ieMglYNf qoN 1910 ivc ^rIidAw sI[ BUpyMdrw isMG ny bhuq swrIAW iemwrqW vI bxweIAW sn ijnHW ivc cYl dw mihl, pitAwlw dw kwlI mMidr, kMfwGwt dw mihl vI Swiml hn[ aus nUM mYfl iekTy krn dw vI SOk sI; aus dy Ajwieb Gr ivc dunIAW Br dy sYNkVy mYfl mOjUd sn[ aus kol keI rolz roies kwrW sn[ pitAwlw ivc aus dI AwpxI ryl g`fI vI sI[ sMn 1917 ivc styt bYNk Aw& pitAwlw SurU kIqw sI[ aus nUM ikRkt Kyfx dw vI bVw SOk sI[ sMn 1911 ivc auh Bwrq dI ikRkt tIm dw kYptn bx ky ieMglYNf Kyfx igAw sI[ rMjI trw&I aus ny dwn kIqI sI[

     BUpyNdrw isMG ny keI ivAwh kIqy sn[ b^qwvr kOr (sMn 1892-1960) aus dI mhwrwxI sI, ijs nwl aus dw ivAwh 17 swl dI aumr ivc sMn 1908 ivc hoieAw sI[ pr, ivmlw kOr aus dI sB qoN vD nyVy dI pqnI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw sYNkVy ^UbsUrq lVkIAW aus dy ‘rMg mihl’ ivc mOjUd sn[ auh iek bhuq kwmI qy A`XwS rwjw sI[

     sMn 1920 ivc jdoN gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI sI qW aus ny AMgRyzW dw pUrw swQ id`qw sI[ pr, sMn 1923 ivc jdoN drbwr swihb dy srovr dI kwr syvw hoeI sI qW aus ny ies ivc rsmI SmUlIAq vI kIqI sI[  AMgRyzW nwl fUMGI sWJ hox kr ky ies ny sMn 1923 ivc nwBw dy rwjy irpudmn isMG nUM g`dI qoN auqrvw id`qw sI[ AkwlI dl Aqy SRomxI kmytI ny ies dy i^lw& morcw (jYqo morcw) lwieAw sI jo qkrIbn fyF swl qIk cldw irhw sI[ ies morcy dOrwn drjnW is`K mwry gey sn Aqy hzwrW jylW ivc gey sn[ is`K qvwrI^ ivc aus dw sB qoN kwlw kwrnwmw syvw isMG TIkrIvwlw nUM vwr-vwr igR&qwr kr ky jyl ivc mwrnw Aqy hrcMd isMG jyjI dI jwiedwd zbq kr ky aus nUM irAwsq ivcoN bwhr k`Fxw sI[ aus dI ies hrkq dI AkwlI dl ny, mwstr qwrw isMG dI AgvweI ivc, ft ky mu^wl&q kIqI sI Aqy aus nUM bhuq bdnwm kIqw sI[ A^Ir sMn 1935 ivc kuJ is`K AwgUAW ny mwstr qwrw isMG nUM ies dI mu^wl&q bMd krn vwsqy mnw ilAw sI[

 

    BUpyNdrw isMG dy kuJ kMm kwbly-qwrI& vI sn: 1. sMn 1920 ivc jdoN gurU nwnk swihb dw vswieAw ipMf krqwrpur rwvI dirAw dI mwr hyT Aw ky iblkul ruVH jwx dI hwlq ivc Aw igAw sI qW ies ny sIimMt qy p`QrW dw iek bMnH bxw ky gurduAwry ƒ dirAw dI mwr qoN bcwieAw sI[ ies kMm vwsqy swrw ^rc (audoN dy 1 l`K 35 hzwr 600 rupY) ies ny id`qy sn (vyKo: krqwrpur) 2. krm isMG ihstorIAn nUM ies ny irAwsq dy ieiqhskwr dw Ahudw id`qw sI 3. BweI kwnH isMG nwBw dw ‘mhwn koS’ iesy ny Awpxy ^rcy ’qy CwipAw sI.

 

BUpyNdrw isMG &rWs ivc pihlI v`fI jMg dOrwn muAwienw krn smyN (Agsq 1918)

pitAwlw ivc mhwrwjw BUpyNdr isMG dw bu`q

BUpq isMG

 

BweI BUpq isMG ny 24 jUn 1734 dy idn lwhOr ivc Awpxy cwcy BweI mnI isMG dy nwl hI ShIdI pweI sI[BUpq isMG jyTw isMG (ShIdI Awlovwl 11 AkqUbr 1711) dw bytw, BweI mweI dws dw poqw Aqy BweI b`lU prmwr (ShIdI 13 ApRYl 1634 AMimRqsr) dw pVpoqw sI[jyTw dy iqMn pu`qrW (hrI isMG, cYn isMG qy BUpq isMG) ivcoN auh sB qoN Cotw sI[

jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny Kwlsw pRgt kIqw qW BUpq isMG ny pihlIAW pwlW ivc KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI sI [ ies qoN kuJ icr bwAd hI jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny BweI mnI isMG ƒ gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dI syvw-sMBwl vwsqy ByijAw qW ijhVy pMj isMG aus dy nwl Byjy gey, BUpq isMG aunHW ivcoN iek sI[

pMc is`K gYl kIey iqAwr[ BUpq isMG AO isMG gulzwr[ cMdrw koier isMG, isMG dwn[ pMcm kIrq isMG sujwn[ (ShId iblws)

ies mgroN BUpq isMG ny idl lw ky drbwr swihb ivc syvw inBweI sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ƒ AnMdpur swihb C`fxw ipAw Aqy Awp qlvMfI swbo cly gey qW mwrc 1706 dy A^Ir ivc BUpq isMG gurU swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy qlvMfI swbo igAw sI[ kuJ icr qlvMfI rihx mgroN auh AMimRqsr muV AwieAw sI qy syvw ivc ruJ igAw sI[

AkqUbr 1733 ivc AMimRqsr ivc BweI mnI isMG ny dIvwlI qy srb`q Kwlsw dw iek`T krn vwsqy zkrIAw ^wn ƒ ds hzwr rupey tYks dyxw mMinAw sI[ pr srkwrI dihSq kwrn QoVHy hI is`K au~Qy p`ujy sn qy cVHwvw bhuq G`t hoieAw sI[ ies ’qy isMGW ny &Yslw kIqw ik kuJ numwieMdy lwhOr Byj ky ivswKI (mwrc 1734) dy iek`T ’qy hox vwly cVHwvy ivcoN rkm qwrn dI mohlq leI jwvy[ ies sbMD ivc zkrIAw ^wn g`lbwq krn dI ifaUtI BUpq isMG dI lweI geI sI:

kr mslq iem bwq TihrweI[ isMG BUpq ko Byjo BweI[gYl isMG gulzwrw jwvY[ hmrI qr&oN ieho AlwvY [sMgq GnI nhIN jy AweI[ cVHql hoeI bhuq svweI[ (ShId iblws)

pr 29 mwrc 1734 dy idn vI srkwrI dihSq kwrn bhuqy is`K AMimRqsr nw Awey qy cVHwvw ies vwr vI bVw G`t hoieAw [ A^Ir tYks nw qwrn dw bhwnw lw ky zkrIey ny swry isMGW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw sI Aqy lwhOr lY AWdw sI[ ie`Qy isMGW ƒ zkrIAw ^wn dI kcihrI ivc pyS kIqw igAw[ ies mOky ’qy mnI isMG ny sw& AwiKAw ik quhwfI dihSq kwrn isMG AMimRqsr nhIN Awey[ ies g`lbwq dOrwn BUpq isMG ny vI gu`sy dw iezhwr kIqw sI:

BUpq isMG kr AWKyN gihrI[

bolXo swhvyN bIc kcihrI[

‘suxo Kwn! ieh rwj n rihsI[

kot pwp kw iek idn FihsI[’ s

yvw hrI ieho Ardws[

duSt rwj kw hovY nws] (ShId iblws)

pr isMGW dIAW KrIAW g`lW dw ^wn au~qy koeI Asr nw hoieAw ikauN ik auh qW pihloN hI aunHW ƒ kql krn dw bhwnw l`B irhw sI [ A^Ir ^wn ny is`KW ƒ jylH Byj id`qw sI ij`Qy aunHW ƒ qsIhy id`qy gey sn[ 24 jUn 1734 dy idn aunHW ƒ kwzI ny &qvw suxwieAw ik jW qW muslmwn bx jwE jW mrn vwsqy iqAwr ho jwE[ iek vI is`K ny Drm C`fxw mnzUr nhIN kIqw sI[

BUpq isMG ƒ nKws cOk ivc ilAw ky ShId kIqw igAw sI[ pihlW aus dIAw A`KW dwgIAW geIAW sn qy iPr aus ƒ crKVI ’qy cVHw ky mwr id`qw igAw sI:

BUpq isMG kI AWK kFwie[

Pyr crKVI dIXo cFwie ]

BUp isMG

 

BweI BUp isMG, pu`qr cVHq isMG, poqw hrI isMG flyvwlIAw ropV dw hwkm sI[ BUp isMG Dwrimk Bwvnw vwlw S^s sI[ aus ny ropV ivc B`Tw swihb, it`bI swihb, kIrqpur ivc gurduAwrw bwbw gurid`qw Aqy hor bhuq swry gurduAwirAW nUM bxwaux vwsqy BwrI rkmW id`qIAW sn[ 25 ApRYl 1809 dy idn mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy AMgryzW ivckwr Aihdnwmw hox mgroN ropV dw ielwkw AMgRyzW dI srprsqI hyT Aw igAw sI[ sMn 1846 ivc AMgRyzW nwl lwhOr drbwr dIAW lVweIAW ivc BUp isMG ny lwhOr drbwr dw swQ id`qw sI ijs kr ky AMgRyzW ny ies nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw sI Aqy ies dw ielwkw vI zbq kr ilAw sI.

Bu`lU

 BweI Bu`lU gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy prmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY:  syKV swD vKwxIAih, nwaU, BulU isK sucwry (vwr 11, pauVI 20).

Bwvw DIr

 aujYn vwsI BweI Bwvw DIr rwj mihl (ibhwr) dw BweI BwnU bihl gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dy prmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: Bwvw DIr aujYn ivic, swiD sMgq guru sbid invws (vwr 11, pauVI 30).

B`tI rwjpUq

cMdrbMsI Xwdv rwjpUqW ivcoN B`tI rwey dy vwirs[ jYslmyr, Btnyr (hux hnUmwngVH) Aqy biTMfw ienHW dy muK ngr sn; ienHW iqMnW QWvW ’qy bVy mzbUq iklHy vI bxy hoey sn[ izlHw gujrwq dy ipMf B`tIAW dw du`lw B`tI Aqy aus dw pu`qr kml ^wn Aqy rwie Boie dI qlvMfI dy rwey Boie qy rwey bulwr vI iesy kul ivcoN sn[ sWsI nW dy B`tI dI kul dy sukrckIAw (mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG) dy pirvwr Aqy is`DU dI kul ivcoN PUlkIAW ^wndwn (pitAwlw, nwBw irAwsqW) vI iesy rwjpUq ipCokV dy hn.

BwtVw

 B`t vwsqy vriqAw jwxw vwlw Sbd; ies dw ArQ hY: ‘ipAwrw Bwt’ (ipAwrw B`t)[ kuJ lok ies nUM n&I ArQW ivc lYNdy hn jo ik Zlq hY[ is`K qvwrI^ ivc BweI cMgw BwtVw, jo gurU nwnk swihb nUM sRI ngr ivc imilAw sI, vwsqy BwtVw (gurU dw ipAwrw Bwt) Sbd dI vrqoN kIqI imldI hY.

B`t kOx sn?

 

19vIN sdI qk rwijAW, XoiDAW Aqy Dwrimk hsqIAW dy kwrnwimAW Aqy aunHW dI izMdgI dIAW Aihm GtnwvW bwry swrw vyrvw B`t/bRwhmx AwpxIAW vhIAW (rijstrW) ivc drj kirAw krdy sn[ hrduAwr, iphovw qy gXw ivcly pWfy Aqy kSmIr dy mtn ksby dy bRwhmx vI iehI kMm kirAw krdy sn[ bRwhmx Awpxy aunHW jjmwnW, ijhVy Awpxy irSqydwrW/ sbMDIAW dIAW AsQIAW ƒ hrduAwr ivc gMgw dirAw ivc su`tx AwauNdy sn, koloN aunHW dy ^wndwn nwl sbMDq GtnwvW (jnm, ivAwh, mOqW) bwry jwxkwrI ie`kTI kirAw krdy sn qy ies nUM AwpxI vhI ivc ilK ilAw krdy sn (ipCly 4-5 sO swlW dIAW vhIAW A`j vI hrduAwr ivc mOjUd hn)[ pWifAW dIAW vhIAW ivc gMgw dirAw ivc AsQIAW/ AMgITw (murdy dIAW h`fIAW qy suAwh) su`tx Awey lokW dy nW-QW Aqy au~Qy, hrduAwr ivc, Awaux dI qwrI^ hI drj imldI hY; pr B`t vhIAW ivc GtnwvW (jnm, ivAwh, mOq, lVweIAW qy hor keI kuJ), QWvW, nWvW, qwrI^W qoN ielwvw hor vI bVw vyrvw imldw hY[

B`t auh bRwhmx pMifq sn jo rwjpUq rwijAW qy hor Aijhy v`fy rwjpUq GrwixAW dI Swn, XoiDAW jW Dwrimk hsqIAW dy kwrnwimAW dIAW is&qW kivqw ivc ilKdy sn Aqy aunHW dy drbwrW ivc jw ky gwauNdy sn[  ieh B`t GuMm-iPr ky qy jjmwnW dy GrW ivc jw ky ieh jwxkwrI iek`TI kirAw krdy sn[ aunHW ny ies qvwrI^ nUM ‘vhIAW’ ivc irkwrf kIqw hoieAw sI[ aunHW dy Aijhw krn nwl aus zmwny dI bVI kImqI qvwrI^ A`j swfy qk phuMcI hY[ bwrHvIN sdI qoN mgroN muslmwn hmlwvrW h`QoN mwlvw (mOjUdw m`D pRdyS dw iek ih`sw) qy rwjpUqwnw Awid dy Kyqr ivc rwjpUq rwijAW (prmwr, cOhwn, rwTOr, Xwdv, qomr vZYrw) dIAW hkUmqW KohIAW jwx mgroN, keI AxKIly SwhI rwjpUq ^wndwn pMjwb dy phwVW qy ryigsqwn (mOjUdw ihmWcl, pMjwb qy kSmIr) v`l inkl gey sn[ dUjy pwsy ieh B`t, ‘bykwr’ ho jwx kwrn, QW-QW iPr ky Awpxy jjmwnW dy GrW ivc pu`j ky aunHW dy v`fy-vfyirAW dy kursInwmy suxw ky ‘eInwm’ lY ky guzwrw krdy rhy sn[

ienHW ivcoN BgIrQ nW dy iek bRwhmx dy vwirsW ny is`K Drm Apxw ilAw sI[ solHvIN sdI ivc ieh B`t Swied sB qoN pihlW gurU AMgd swihb dy drbwr ivc Awey sn[ mgroN ieh sulqwnpur loDI ivc rihMdy rhy sn[ Aj-klH ienHW B`tW dy izAwdw pirvwr Ajy vI BwdsoN, (lwfvw), krisMDU (s&IdoN), qlwauNfw (jINd) vZYrw dy ielwikAW ivc rihMdy hn Aqy kuJ rwjsQwn qy hor ielwikAW ivc vsdy hn[

gurU swihb dy drbwr ivc bhuq swry B`t hmySw hwizr rihMdy sn[ aunHW ivcoN kuJ ny gurU swihb dI dyx sbMDI kivqwvW vI ilKIAW (ienHW ivcoN do B`t, mQrw qy kIrq, qW CyvyN pwqSwh dIAW lVweIAW ivc ShId vI hoey sn)[

BwrU

sBrvwl dw BweI BwrU gurU rwmdws swihb dy smyN dy prmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: purKu pdwrQ jwxIAY, qwrU BwrU dws duAwrw  (vwr 11, pauVI 17).

BrpUr isMG

 BrpUr isMG (4.10.1840-9.11.1863) nwBw dy rwjw dyvyNdr isMG dw rwxI mwn kOr dI ku`K qoN jnimAw pu`qr sI[ sMn 1847 ivc jdoN rwjw dyvyNdr isMG nUM aus lwhOr drbwr nwl hmdrdI dy S`k ivc g`dI qoN lwh id`qw igAw sI qW ies nUM rwjw bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies ny sMn 1857 dy Zdr dOrwn AMgRyzW dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI ijs ’qy ies nUM ienwm ivc nvW ielwkw id`qw igAw sI[ jUn 1863 ivc aus nUM qpidk dw rog ho igAw sI ijs nwl 23 swl dI aumr ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

BrmqoV isMG

 

BweI BrmqoV isMG izlHw kpUrQlw dy ipMf iFlvW dw vwsI sI[ jdoN jYqo morcy vwsqy ShIdI j`Qy jwxy SurU hoey qW ieh cOQy j`Q ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 26 mwrc 1924 dy idn AnMdpur qoN c`l ky AMimRqsr huMNdw hoieAw 18 ApRYl 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI; ij`Qy ienHW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc bMd kr id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qsIihAW kwrn auh jyl ivc hI cVHweI kr igAw sI.

Bwr m`l (pu`qr DIr m`l)

Bwr m`l (aus dw nW phwV m`l iliKAw vI imldw hY) DIr m`l dw Cotw pu`qr (gurid`qw dw poqw Aqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw pVpoqw) sI[ sMn 1676 ivc aus dy ipqw nUM igR&qwr kr ky rxQMBor iklHy ivc kYd kr id`qw igAw sI, ij`Qy Agly swl aus dI mOq ho geI sI[ Bwr m`l dy v`fy Brw rwm cMd nUM sMn 1678 ivc bkwlw (hux bwbw bkwlw) igR&qwr kr ky id`lI dy cWdnI cOk ivc kql kr id`qw igAw sI[ ies mgroN Bwr m`l bkwlw C`f ky krqwrpur (jlMDr) Aw igAw sI[ ies qoN kuJ mhIny mgroN BweI mnI rwm (pwhul mgroN mnI isMG) ies kol krqwrpur AwieAw sI Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI v`loN dmdmw swihb (AnMdpur) ivc iqAwr kIqy gurU gRMQ swihb dy AMqm srUp dy pwT dI suDweI kIqI sI[ Bwr m`l dI mOq 30 mwrc 1691 dy idn hoeI sI[ ies dI AMqm Ardws ivc Swiml hox vwsqy gurU jI ny Awpxy numwieMdy vjoN dIvwn Drm cMd iCbr Aqy BweI mnI isMG nUM krqwrpur ByijAw sI.

BwnU c`Fw
c`Fw goq dw BweI BwnU gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy prmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: jtU BwnU qIrQw, cwie ceIly cfy swry (vwr 11, pauVI 20).

 

BwnU bihl
rwj mihl (ibhwr) dw BweI BwnU bihl gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dy prmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: rwj mhl BwnU bihlu, Bwau Bgq gurmiq min BwxI  (vwr 11, pauVI 31).

 

 

BwnU Bgq
mujMg (lwhOr) vwsI BweI Bwn Bgq gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy prmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY:sUdu kilAwxw sUrmw, BwnU Bgqu sbdu vIcwrI (vwr 11, pauVI 25).

BwnI, bIbI

 

gurU Amr dws jI dI bytI BwnI (30.4.1533 – 9.4.1698) dw jnm bwsrky ig`lW ivc hoieAw sI[  ies dw ivAwh BweI jyTw (gurU rwm dws) nwl 16 P`gx 1599 (11 &rvrI 1543)  dy idn hoieAw sI[ ies ny iqMn pu`qrW nUM (ipRQI cMd 1548, mhWdyv 1550, gurU Arjn swihb 13 ApRYl 1553) jnm id`qw sI[

sMn 1574 ivc joqI-joiq smwaux vyly gurU Amr dws swihb ny gurg`dI dI syvw ies (mwqw BwnI) dy pqI gurU rwm dws nUM sONpI sI[  ieh pihloN gurU pu`qrI sI, hux gurU pqnI  bxI sI qy iPr 1581 ivc jd ies dy pu`qr gurU Arjn nUM gurg`dI imlI sI qW gurU mwqw bx geI sI[ 

     BwvyN gurU Amr dws swihb ny 1552 ivc gurg`dI sMBwlI sI; pr auh 1540 qoN hI gurU AMgd swihb kol rihx lg pey sn[ ieM\ bIbI BwnI nUM 58 swl (sMn 1540 qoN 1598 qk) swl gurU drbwr Aqy sMgqW dI syvw krn dw mwx hwisl hoieAw sI[ies ny AwpxI aumr dw bhuqw ih`sw goieMdvwl Aqy gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc ibqwieAw sI[ ies dI mOq goieMdvwl ivc hoeI sI[

     mwqw BwnI bwry sMqoK isMG ny bhuq Zlq iliKAw hY ik iek vwr jd gurU Amr dws swihb nhw rhy (jW BgqI kr rhy) sn qW pIVHI dw pwvw tu`t igAw qy mwqw BwnI ny aus Q~ly pYr rK id`qw qW jo aunHW dI “smwDI” nw tu`t jwvy[ ies qoN ^uS ho ky aunHW bIbI nUM ikhw ik jo mMgxw hY mMg lY; bIbI ny ieh mMigAw ik ‘A`gy qoN gurg`dI myry Gr hI rhy’[ sMqoK isMG ny ie`Qy iqMn izAwdqIAW kIqIAW hn: 1. is`K &ls&y ivc AijhI koeI BgqI nhIN ijhVI pIVHI t`tx nwl BMg ho jWdI hY 2. vr mMgx/dyx dw &ls&w is`KI dw nhIN hY[ ieh bwhmxvwdI prcwr hY 3. gurg`dI hr iek gurU nUM aus dy guxW kr ky imlI sI nw ik ieh g`dI ^wndwnI sI jW BwnI nUM imly vr kwrn imlI sI[ ieh gurg`dI dy &ls&y nUM CuitAwauxw hY[

    iek hor Zlq prcwr sMqoK isMG ny PYlwieAw sI ik iek vwr gurU Amr dws swihb ny bIbI BwnI nUM ikhw ik qyry pqI dI mOq CyqI hox vwlI hY qW bIbI BwnI ny AwpxI n`Q lwh ky gurU jI dy pYrW ivc r`K id`qI ies ’qy gurU Amr dws jI ny AwpxI aumr dy s`q swl gurU rwmdws nUM sONp id`qy sn qy Awp joqI joiq smw gey sn[ ies ivc vI  gurmiq dy ault prcwr kIqw hoieAw hY: 1. is`K Drm ivc n`Q pwauxw mnHw hY 2.  mOq Akwl purK dy h`Q ivc hY koeI iksy nUM AwpxI aumr b^S nhIN skdw[ ieh vr, krwmwq Awid gurmiq ivroDI  prcwr hn[ ieho ijhw bhuq swrw JUT sMqoK isMG qy igAwnI igAwn isMG dIAW ilKqW ivc imldw hY.

BMgI imsl

 

sMn 1765 qoN 1799 qk lwhOr ’qy hkUmq krn vwlI BMgI imsl Awpxy vyly dI sB qoN v`fI imsl mMnI jWdI sI[  ies dy iek muKI gurbKS isMG dy pwilq p`uqr lihxw isMG Aqy dohqy gu`jr isMG ny 1765 ’c lwhOr qy kbzw kIqw sI[   

     BMgI imsl dw moFI AMimRqsr izly dy ipMf pMjvV dw BweI C`jU/C`jw isMG sI[ aus ny gurU goibMd isMG jI qoN KMfy dI pwhul leI sI[ aus ny cMdw isMG nwl rl ky jMgW vI lVIAW sn[ aus dy dUjy swQI sn: BImw isMG, n`Qw isMG qy jgq isMG[ mohn isMG qy gulwb isMG (ipMf DONsw, AMimRqsr), kroVw isMG (cOpwl), gurb^S isMG sMDU (roVWvwlw), Agr isMG (KMGUVw) qy swvn isMG rMDwvw[

C`jw isMG dy mrn ipCoN BImw isMG ny kmwn sMBwlI sI[ aus ip`CoN aus dw muqbMnw p`uqr hrI isMG iF`loN ies imsl dw AwgU bixAw sI[ hrI isMG dw muK fyrw (hY~fkuAwrtrz) iglvwlI ipMf ivc sI[ mgroN auh AMimRqsr ivc rihx l`g ipAw sI[ aus dIAW pihlIAW ij`qW sn: isAwlkot, kiVAwl, mIrovwl vZYrw[ aus ny cinEt Aqy JMg ’qy vI hmly kIqy[ aus ny lwhOr qoN iqMn iklomItr dUr kot seIAd ’qy vI hmlw kIqw sI[ ieh auh iklHw sI ijs ivc lwhOr dy A&Zwn sUbydwr Kvwjw AbYd ny Asly dw stwk r`iKAw hoieAw sI[ hrI isMG BMgI nUM srdwr jhwn ^wn dI bxweI qop (mgroN BMgIAW vwlI qop) ie`QoN hI imlI sI[ aus ny bhwvlpur dw Awlw duAwlw vI ij`q ilAw sI[ aus ny sWdlbwr dw kihlvwV iklHw vI ij`q ilAw sI pr iek l`K rupY swlwnw dw nzrwnw dyx dI Srq ’qy ies dy pihly mwlkW nUM moV id`qw sI[ aus dy swQIAW ny rwvlipMfI vI ij`q leI sI[ aus ny 12 hzwr dI &oj nwl jMmU ’qy hmlw kr ky ie`QoN dy rwjy rxjIq dyv nUM vI Awpxy hyT ilAw ky nzrwnw vsUilAw[ hrI isMG dI mOq pitAwlw ’qy hmly dOrwn golI l`gx nwl hoeI sI[

hrI isMG dy do pqnIAW qoN pMj pu`qr sn: JMfw isMG, gMfw isMG, dysU isMG, dIvwn isMG qy cVHq isMG[ sMn 1765 ivc hrI isMG dI mOq mgroN JMfw isMG imsl dw jQydwr bixAw sI[ imsl dI vwgfor sMBwlx qoN QoVHw icr ipCoN hI aus ny mulqwn ij`q ilAw sI Aqy Awpxy Brw gMfw isMG ƒ sONp id`qw sI[ JMfw isMG ny jMmU dy rwjy ƒ vI muV hrwieAw sI qy aus qoN Krwj vsUilAw[ kmWf sMBwlx qoN mgroN aus ny fyrw iesmweIl ^wn qy pwkptn ƒ vI AwpxI isrdwrI hyT lY AWdw sI[ sMn 1767 ivc aus ny AMimRqsr dI mOjUdw lUx mMfI ivc iek iklHw bxwieAw ijs nUM BMgIAW dw iklHw ikhw jwdw sI[

sMn 1772 ivc aus ny Brqpur ’qy kbzw kr ky gurb^S isMG ƒ ies dw &Ojdwr bxw idqw sI[ 25 dsMbr 1772 dy idn aus ny A&Zwn hwkm qYmUr dIAW &ojW nUM mulqwn ivc hwr id`qI sI qy ies irAwsq ’qy `kw kbzw kr ky gMfw isMG qy lihxw isMG nwl brwbr dw vMf ilAw[ sMn 1773 ivc JMfw isMG ny j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw nwl iml ky ksUr ’qy hmlw kIqw sI[ mulqwn qoN muVidAW aus ny blocW qoN eIn mnvweI sI Aqy JMg, mnkyrw Aqy kwlw bwZ nUM vI ij`q ilAw sI[ JMfw isMG ny rwmngr (rsUl ngr) ’qy hmlw kr ky c`iTAW qoN zmzmw qop vI dobwrw Koh leI sI[ iqMn mhIny dI lMbI jMg ip`CoN aus ny ksUr ƒ vI ij`q ilAw sI[ pr ies ij`q qoN iqMn mhIny dy AMdr hI iek idn iSkwr Kyfx igAW nUM aus dy mu^wil&W (bhuqy cVHq isMG nUM hI kwql mMndy hn) ny aus dw kql krvw idqw sI[ JMfw isMG dy vyly ies imsl dI Awmdn iek kroV rupoY swlwnw sI[

JMfw isMG dI mOq mgroN BMgI imsl dI kmWf gMfw isMG ny  sMBwlI sI[ ienHW idnW ivc BMgIAW Aqy knHeIAw imsl ivckwr ielwky m`lx dI GrylU jMg vI iCV peI sI[ ies islisly ivc sMn 1776 ivc hoeI iek lMbI lVweI ivc gMfw isMG mwirAw igAw sI[

gMfw isMG qoN mgroN aus dy iek hor Brw cVHq isMG ny imsl dI vwg for sMBwlI sI[ auh SukrckIAw imsl dy muKI mhW isMG (ipqw rxjIq isMG) nwl sMn 1777 ivc hoeI iek lVweI ivc mwirAw igAw sI[ hux cOQw Brw dysU isMG imsl dw muKI bixAw sI[ dysU isMG iek kmzor bMdw sI[ auh Awpxy ielwikAW ’qy vI Awpxw kbzw kwiem nhIN rK sikAw sI[ sMn 1779 ivc hoeI iek lVweI ’c auh vI mwirAw igAw sI[ aus qoN mgroN imsl dI jQydwrI krm isMG ny sMBwlI sI[ sMn 1792 ivc krm isMG vI mhW isMG SukrckIAw nwl iek lVweI ivc mwirAw igAw sI[ krm isMG qoN mgroN aus dy pu`qr j`sw isMG dI vwrI AweI sI[ pr ienHIN idnIN hI gulwb isMG (pu`qr dysU isMG) vI AMimRqsr phuMc igAw sI Aqy imsl dw muKI bx bYTw sI[

julweI 1799 ivc lwhOr ’qy ies dw hI kbzw  sI, jdoN rxjIq isMG ny Sihr ƒ ies qoN Koh ilAw sI[ gulwb isMG, rxjIq isMG dy iKlw& &Oj lY ky AwieAw, pr jMg krn qoN pihlW hI izAwdw Srwb pIx kwrn aus dI mOq ho geI sI[ gulwb isMG qoN mgroN aus dy nwbwlg pu`qr ny imsl dI kmWf sMBwlI sI[ sMn 1804 ivc rxjIq isMG ny aus qoN AMimRqsr vI Koh ilAw sI Aqy aus ƒ qy aus dI mW su`KW nUM kuJ jwgIr dy ky Gr ibTw idqw sI[

BMgI imsl dI iek Sw^ bUVIAw Aqy jgwDrI ivc vI kwbz rhI sI[ AMimRqsr izlHy dy ipMf cOmk dy lKmIr isMG dy cwr pu`qr sn: bwG isMG, bwz isMG, rwey isMG qy prjw isMG[ ienHW ivcoN prjw isMG ƒ durwnI kYdI bxw ky lY igAw sI[ ies ny jwn bcwaux vwsqy muslmwn bxnw mnzUr kr ilAw sI[ BwvyN ieh Gr muV AwieAw pr ieh irhw muslmwn hI[ bwkI dy iqMny BrwvW ny JMfw isMG vyly pwhul lY leI sI qy aus dy j`Qy ivc Swiml ho gey[ ienHW nwl JvwlmMdW ipMf dw nwnU isMG vI rl igAw Aqy ienHW ny iml ky bUVIAw Aqy jgwDrI Aqy ies dy Awly duAwly dy 204 ipMfW qy kbzw kr ky AwpxI irAwsq kwiem kIqI sI[ BMgIAW kol i&rozpur dy nyVy KweI Pymy kI, vW, bzIdpur Aqy Awly duAwly dy 37 ipMfW dw ielwkw vI sI[ ieh ielwkw jY isMG (GVIAw ipMf) dy kbzy ivc sI[ ieM\ hI gu`jr isMG, aus dy Brw nsbwhw isMG qy do BqIijAW gurb^S isMG Aqy mlqwn isMG ny i&rozpur ’qy vI kbzw kIqw hoieAw sI[ iesy imsl dI iek hor SwK gujrwq ivc vI sI[ ijs dw muKI swihb isMG sI (jo rxjIq isMG dw Pu`PV sI)[ sMn 1814 ivc swihb isMG dI mOq mgroN rxjIq isMG ny ies ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ rxjIq isMG ny swihb isMG dIAW iqMn ivcoN do (AwpxI BUAw nUM C`f ky) pqnIAW nwl ivAwh vI kr ilAw sI.

BMgw isMG

 

srdwr BMgw isMG kroVisMGIAw imsl dw iek Aihm jrnYl sI[ jnvrI 1764 ivc aus ny srsvqI ndI Aqy Qwnysr dy ivckwr dy ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI; mgroN aus ny Qwnysr ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ies dy nwl dw iphovw dw ielwkw aus dy Brw Bwg isMG dy kbzy ivc sI[ aus kol pihlW 750 GoVsvwr Aqy 250 pYdl &Oj sI[ sMn 1779 ivc ienHW dohW Aqy Bwg isMG qy rwey isMG (bUVIAw) ny Abdul Aihd ^wn dI AgvweI hyT muZl &OjW dy nwl rl ky pitAwlw dy rwjw Amr isMG ’qy hmlw kIqw sI[ jnvrI 1786 ivc aus ny  dUjy is`K jrnYlW nw iml ky myrT, hwpuV, gVH mukqySvr Aqy Awly-duAwly dy ielwikAW ’qy hmlw kr ky lu`t-mwr kIqI sI[ jnvrI 1791 ivc aus ny AnUp Sihr ’qy vI hmlw kIqw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny grIgw ivc AMgRyzW dI cONkI ’qy hmlw kr ky lY&tInYNt krnl rwbrt stuArt nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[ aus ny ies nUM irhw krn vwsqy BwrI rkm dI mMg kIqI sI, pr mgroN aus ny isr& 60 hzwr rupY lY ky aus nUM irhw kr id`qw sI[ sMn 1795 ivc aus ny krnwl ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1799 ivc aus ny rwjw Bwg isMG (jINd) nwl iml ky jwrj Qwms ’qy hmlw kIqw sI[ sqMbr  1803 ivc aus ny lwrf lyk nwl iml ky id`lI ’qy hmlw kIqw sI[ sMn 1806 ivc jdoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Qwnysr qoN muiVAw sI qW ieh aus dy nwl igAw sI[ rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM mogw Aqy &Irozpur dy ivckwr qlvMfI (hux qlvMfI BweI) prgxw qoh&y vjoN id`qw sI[ sr lYpl gir&n muqæwibkæ BMgw isMG bhuq s^q suBwA dw, kur^q Aqy AwkVKor sI[ auh swry is`K jrnYlW ivcoN bhuq iq`Kw sI; Aqy AMgRyz aus dy ies suBwauy qoN frdy sn[ BMgw isMG dI pqnI hsn kOr dI ku`K qoN do b`cy sn: &qh isMG qy krm kOr[ BMgw isMG dI mOq sMn 1815 ivc hoeI sI[ aus dI mOq mgroN aus dI irAwsq dw ieMqzwm aus dy pu`qr &qh isMG kol Aw igAw sI[ BMgw isMG dI DI krm kOr dI SwdI pitAwlw dy rwjy Amr isMG nwl hoeI sI[ &qh isMG dI mOq sMn 1819 ivc hoeI sI[ &qh isMG dw koeI b`cw nhIN sI; ies kr ky AMgryzW nwl Aihdnwmw hoieAw hox kr ky aus dI A`DI irAwsq ’qy AMgryzW dw kbzw ho igAw sI Aqy A`DI irAwsq aus dI mwqw hsn kOr kol rhI sI.

Bwnw rMDwvw (bwbw bu`Fw)

BweI Bwnw (sMn 1536 – 1644), pu`qr bwbw bu`Fw, dw jnm k`QU nMgl ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1631 ivc bwbw bu`Fw dI mOq mgroN Bwnw bhuqw smW gurU hirgoibMd swihb kol gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr), krqwrpur (jlMDr) Aqy kIrqpur ivc irhw krdw sI[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb joqI-joq smwey qW ieh kIrqpur ivc hI sI[ gurU jI dI dyh dw sskwr ies ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw sI[ ies mgroN auh ipMf Aw igAw sI ij`Qy kuJ hI smyN bwAd aus dI mOq ho geI sI[ aus dI smwD bwbw bu`Fw dI smwD dy nwl hI bxI hoeI hY[ Bwnw dI SwdI 18 swl dI aumr ivc hoeI sI[ aus dy Gr do pu`qrW: jlwl (sMn 1558-1644) Aqy  srvx (sMn 1560- 1651) ny jnm ilAw sI.

 

Bwnw Awvl
sulqwnpur loDI vwsI BweI Bwnw Awvl gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy prmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: Bwnw Awvl ivghmlu, buDU CINbw gur drbwrw (vwr 11, pauVI 21).

 

Bwnw sUhV
sUhV goq dw BweI  Bwnw gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy prmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: jgnw nMdw swD hY, BwnU sUhV hMsw dI Fwlw (vwr 11, pauVI 27).

 

Bwnw m`lx
m`lx goq dw BweI Bwnw gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy prmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: Bwnw mlxu jwxIAY, kwbil ryKrwau gurBweI (vwr 11, pauVI 26).

Bwn isMG (is`K stUfYNt &YfrySn)

 Bwn isMG (4.5.1927 – 25.7.1988), pu`qr rwm isMG, dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy ipMf jhWgIr (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) ivc hoieAw sI[ skUl dI pVHweI mgroN aus ny is`K nYSnl kwlj lwhOr ivc dw^lw lY ilAw sI ij`QoN aus ny A`vl rih ky bI.AYs-sI. dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI sI[ auh iesy smyN ivc is`K stufYNts &YfrySn dw sInIAr AwgU vI bx igAw sI[ sMn 1946 ivc is`K Aqy musilm lVikAW ivc hoeI lVweI ivc kuJ muslmwn lVky mwry gey sn[ ies kys ivc aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky muk`dmw clw ky aus nUM &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ ies qoN pihlW ik aus nUM &WsI id`qI jWdI pMjwb dI vMf ho geI sI[ jyl dy iek is`K mulwzm dI mdd nwl auh jyl ivcoN &rwr ho ky AMimRqsr Aw igAw sI[ sMn 1948 ivc aus ny is`K stUfYNts &YfrySn nUM muV jQybMd kIqw sI[ ies kr ky aus nUM ‘mdr Aw& is`K stUfYNts &YfrySn’ ikhw jWdw sI[ 15 sqMbr 1952 dy idn auh Awl ieMfIAw is`K stUfYNts &YfrySn dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw sI; auh 13 jnvrI 1954 qk ies dw pRDwn irhw sI[ ies dOrwn aus ny AYm.ey qy AYl-AYl.bI. dIAW ifgrIAW hwisl kIqIAW sn[ Bwn isMG ny AkwlI  dl dy hr morcy ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[

     jdoN drbwr swihb AMimRqsr ivc is`K Ajwieb Gr bxwieAw igAw qW aus nUM ies dw ikaurytr lwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1977 ivc aus nM gurduAwrw jufISIAl kimSn ivc j`jw lw id`qw igAw sI[ 2 julweI 1978 dy idn jdoN BweI AmrIk isMG nUM is`K stufYNts &YfrySn dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw sI qW ies ivc aus dw v`fw rol sI[ sMn 1981 ivc aus nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw sk`qr bxw id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1984 ivc jdoN ieMdrw gWDI ny drbwr swihb ’qy &OjI hmlw kIqw qW auh &Oj dy h`QoM mwry jwx qoN bVI muSikl nwl bicAw sI[ pr aus nUM keI mhIny jyl ivc rihxw ipAw sI[ irhweI mgroN aus ny SRomxI kmytI dy sk`qr vjoN muV ky kMm sMBwl ilAw sI[ 25 julweI 1988 dy idn KwVkUAW dy iek toly ny aus nUM golIAW mwr ky mwr id`qw sI.

 

Bwn isMG (Zdr pwrtI)

 Bwn isMG, pu`qr swvx isMG, dw jnm luiDAwxw izlHw dy ipMf sunyq (hux BweI rxDIr isMG ngr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy, rozgwr dy islisly ivc, auh SMGweI (cIn) Aqy iPr AmrIkw clw igAw sI[ jdoN Zdr lihr SurU hoeI qW ieh vI aus ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ AMgRyzI srkwr dy i^lw& clweI jwx vwlI hiQAwrbMd j`dojihd ivc Swiml hox vwsqy auh pMjwb nUM c`l ipAw sI[ auh 9 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn jhwz rwhIN klk`qw pu`jw sI ij`Qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky imMtgumrI jyl ivc bMd kr id`qw igAw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN aus nUM irhw kr ky ipMf ivc nzrbMd kr id`qw igAw sI[ &rvrI 1915 ivc aus nUM pihly lwhOr swizS kys ivc igR&qwr kr ky aus ’qy muk`dmw clw ky aus nUM aumr kYd dI szw dy ky AMfymwn sYlUr jyl ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI, ij`Qy pulIs dy qS`dd kr ky sMn 1917 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI sI. 

Bl´

(vyKo: B`t bwxI) Bl´ Bt kvI aunHW 11 B`t kvIAW ivcoN iek hY ijnHW dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Swiml hY: hy! Bl´ (Bl´ kihMdw hY): rudR iDAwn, igAwn siqgur ky, kib jn Bl´, aunh jou gwvY (1396), soeI rwmdwsu guru, bl´ Bix, imil sMgiq DMin DMin krh (1405).

Bjn isMG (kwmwgwtwmwrU)

Bjn isMG, pu`qr AxoK isMG, izlHw mogw dy ipMf rwjyAwxw dw vwsI sI[ sMn 1914 ivc jdoN kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz knyfw nUM iljwieAw igAw sI qW ieh aus ivc svwr muswi&rW ivcoN ieh vI iek sI (jhwz bwry q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: kwmgwtwmwrU jhwz)[ jdoN ienHW muswi&rW nUM knyfw ivc dwi^l nhIN hox id`qw igAw sI qW ies jhwz nUM 24 julweI 1914 dy idn vwips muVnw ipAw sI[ ieh jhwz 29 sqMbr 1914 dy idn kolkwqw dy bjbj Gwt ’qy p`ujw qW pulIs ny ies jhwz nUM Gyrw pw ky Aqy muswi&rW nUM luiDAwxy jwx vwlI spYSl g`fI ivc svwr hox dw hukm id`qw sI[ musi&rW ny pihlW kolkwqw jw ky bVw bwzwr gurduAwry ivc m`Qw tykx dI izd kIqI sI[ jd AMgRyz pulIs ny ies dI iejwzq dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI qW lok D`ky nwl jlUs dI Skl ivc au~QoN cl pey sn[ ies ’qy piulIs ny aunHW ’qy golI clw id`qI sI ijs nwl 18 muswi&r mwry gey sn; ienHW ivc Bjn isMG vI Swiml sI.

BweI PyrU qy BweI PyrU gurduAwrw

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw ksUr dI cuinAwrI qihsIl dy iek ipMf mIAW kI mOV ivc iek gurduAwrw[ ieh ipMf lwhOr qoN 54 iklomItr qy ksUr qoN 60 iklomItr dUr hY[  ies ipMf nUM AMb mwVI vI kihMdy hn[ ieh gurduAwrw BweI PyrU (sMn 1640-1706), pu`qr ibMnw au~pl, dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry nUM gurduAwrw sMgq sihb vI kihMdy hn ikauNik BweI PyrU dw Asl nW sMgq (pwhul mgroN sMgq isMG) sI[ ikauNik auh pihlW PyrI lw ky swmwn vycdw huMdw sI ies kr ky aus dw nW BweI PyrU cl ipAw sI[ BweI sMgq sMn 1656 ivc, solHW swl dI aumr ivc, gurU hir rwie swihb dy smyN ivc, gurU drbwr dw ih`sw bixAw sI[ auh gurU hir rwie swihb, gurU hirikSn swihb  qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI sMgq ivc vI kw&I smW irhw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik auh bhuq smW ATvyN qy nOvyN gurU jI dy nwl hI rihMdw irhw sI[ mwrc 1664 ivc jdoN gurU hirikSn swihb AOrMgzyb nUM imlx vwsqy id`lI gey sn qW auh vI aunHW dy nwl igAw sI[ gurU jI dy joqI joq smw jwx mgroN auh mwqwvW Aqy bwkIAW nwl id`lI qoN kIrqpur muiVAw sI[ 11 Agsq 1664 dy idn jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny bkwlw ivc gurg`dI sMBwlI sI qW vI ieh au~Qy hwzr sI[ AkqUbr 1665 ivc jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM Dmqwn ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI qW sMgq nUM vI aunHW dy nwl hI igR&qwr kr ky id`lI iljwieAw igAw sI[ ies sbMDI ‘B`t vhI XwdobMsIAW’ ivc izkr imldw hY: “gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI mhl nwmW ko gwm Dmqwn prgnw bWgr sy Awlm Kwn ruhylw SwhI hukm gYl idhlI ko lY ky AwieAw[ swl sqrW sY bweIs kwrqk mwsy Sukl pKy igAwrs ko[ swQ dIvwn mqI dws sqI dws Awey byey hIrw nMd iCbr ky guAwl dws AwieAw bytw Cuty m`l iC`br kw gurdws AwieAw bytw kIrq bVHqIey kw, sMgqw AwieAw bytw ibMny au`pl kw[ jyTw idAwl dws Awey byty mweI dws jlhwny blauNq ky[ hor is`K PkIr PVy Awey[”

     gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN ivc auh n`kw dy ielwky dw msMd sI[ aus dw Gr iek Drmswlw bx cuikAw sI ij`Qy hr roz sMgqW iek`TIAW hoieAw krdIAW sn[ jdoN gurU swihb ny msMdW dI prK krn vwsqy aunHW nUM AnMdpur s`idAw sI qW sMgq isMG (BweI PyrU) Awpxy Awp nUM r`isAW ivc jkV ky hwizr hoieAw sI[ auh aunHW cwr ku msMdW ivcoN iek sI ijnHW nUM gurU jI ny s`cy-su`cy mMinAw sI Aqy isropwau dy ky ivdw kIqw sI[ ieiqhws ivc aus dw nW ‘s`cI dwVHI’ vjoN vI AwauNdw hY[ AnMdpur qoN jwx mgroN auh mIAW-kI-mOV ivc hI irhw sI ij`Qy auh sMn 1706 ivc audoN cVHweI kr igAw sI jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI AnMdpur dw iqAwg kr ky qlvMfI swbo v`l jw rhy sn[aus dy cyilAW nUM ‘sMgq swihbIey’ qy ‘sMgq SwhIey’ vI kihMdy sn (ikauNik BweI PyrU dw Asl nW sMgq isMG sI).

BweI PyrU morcw  BweI PyrU ny Awpxy Gr ivc iek Drmswlw kwiem kIqI hoeI sI, ij`Qy bwkwiedw lMgr cldw huMdw sI qy aus dy cVHweI kr jwx mgroN vI cldw irhw sI[ mgroN aus dI Drmswlw nUM iek gurduAwry ivc bdl id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1910 ivc ies gurduAwry dI v`fI iemwrq bxweI geI sI Aqy ies dy mUhrly ih`sy ivc bhuq swrIAW dukwnW vI sn[ gurduAwrw suDwr lihr vyly ie`QoN dw mhMq ikSn dws sI[ aus ny 21 dsMbr 1922 nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nwl smJOqw kr ilAw sI qy kmytI nUM 28 dsMbr nUM pRbMD sONp id`qw sI[ aus nUM 400 rupY mhInw Aqy rsd imlx lg peI sI[ dsMbr 1923 ivc mhMq nrYxU dy Brw pwlw rwm ny ikSn dws nUM Puslw ky SRomxI kmytI dy i^lw& dwAvw krvw id`qw[ 7 dsMbr 1923 nUM pulIs ny mYnyjr jgq isMG qy 10 hor is`KW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ pr jdoN kys Adwlq ivc igAw qW fI.sI. kuJ nw kr sikAw ikauNik ieMqkwl kdoN dw SRomxI kmytI dy nW ho cukw sI qy zmIn nvyN mujwirAW nUM id`qI jw cukI sI[

dUjy pwsy srkwr ny igR&qwr is`KW nUM C`fx qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ ies ’qy SRomxI kmytI ny morcw lw id`qw sI[ hux hr roz 25 is`KW dw jQw igR&qwrI dyx lg ipAw[ pr 20 sqMbr 1925 dy idn gurduAwry ivc iek kql ho igAw ijs ’qy SRomxI kmytI ny morcw bMd kr id`qw[ pr ienHIN idnIN hI sMn 1925 ivc gurduAwrw AYkt bx igAw sI qy ieh JgVw vI mu`k igAw sI; Aqy ies dw pRbMD SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM iml igAw sI[ ies morcy ivc vI cwr hzwr dy krIb is`K igR&qwr hoey sn[

sMn 1947 ivc is`KW nUM ieh gurduAwrw vI  C`fxw ipAw sI[ hux ies iemwrq  dw kuJ ih`sw Fih cukw hY Aqy bwkI ih`sy ’qy kuJ lokW ny kbzw kIqw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw BweI PyyrU dI iemwrq

 

 

gurduAwrw BweI PyyrU dy kuJ ih`sy dw Qyh

 

 

BwgvMqI

 

ieh isAwlkot vwsI BweI nMd lwl purI dI bytI sI[  ies dI SwdI iSv rwm kpUr nwl hoeI sI[ ies dy Gr do b`cy pYdw hoey sn: swihb isMG qy swihb kOr[ ies dI bytI swihb kOr dw ivAwh bMdw isMG bhwdur nwl srhMd ivc 20 jUn 1710 dy idn hoieAw sI (swihb kOr ny rxjIq isMG nUM jnm id`qw sI[ (bMdw isMG nwl ShId hox vwlw AjY isMG cMby vwlI rwjkumwrI dw bytw sI)[ BwgvMqI ShId hkIkq isMG dI s`kI BUAw sI[

ieh pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`KI nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ mwrc 1660 dy Aw^rI h&qy gurU hir rwie swihb jdoN isAwlkot gey sn qW Awp kuJ idn nMd lwl purI dy Gr vI Tihry sn[ ies mOky ’qy nMd lwl, aus dy byitAW (Bwg m`l, bwG m`l) Aqy bytI (BwgvMqI) ny gurU swihb dI qih-idloN syvw kIqI sI[ ies mgroN vI ieh pirvwr is`K pMQ dI syvw krdw irhw sI.

BgvMq isMG bMgySrI

 

BweI BgvMq isMG ƒ 9 jUn 1716 dy idn id`lI dy bwhr mihrolI ivc kuqb mInwr dy nyVy, jmnw dirAw dy kMFy ’qy ShId kIqw igAw sI[ BgvMq isMG BweI nTIAw dw bytw, BweI b`lU dw poqw Aqy BweI mUlw dw pVpoqw sI[ (nTIAw BweI mnI isMG dw s`kw cwcw sI[ BgvMq isMG nTIAw dy A`TW byitAW ivcoN sB qoN v`fw sI[ aus dw jnm ipMf AlIpur (mulqwn qoN 110 iklomItr dUr) izlHw muz`&rgVH ivc hoieAw sI [

BwvyN auh prmwr rwjpUq ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI pr aus ƒ ‘bMgySrI’ AwiKAw jWdw sI ikauNik Awp kol bMgS ielwky dI isrdwrI sI[ BgvMq isMG kol pMj hzwrI dw mnsb vI sI, ies dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc vI imldw hY (muZl drbwr dy dsqwvyz ivc ies dw nW ‘BwgU bxjwrw’ iliKAw hoieAw hY)[ ShId BweI nrbd isMG B`t dy l&z hn :

 

blauNq pMvwr bWky KYrpur ky jlhwnoN

swqo Bujw qumwrI qauNsY kaun ArY [

BwgU, kurIAw, bwjU, suKIAw, rnU, Swmw,

sMgqI Gury dmwmy dUhry mohry ho ho lrY [

b`lU rwau ky mlUkI jnmI, jg myN aujl hoeI[

dwn dyh mUMf BtoN kw BrY [

BwgU qyry hwQ sr kol bWDI,

muK bIVw KwieAw qyrI bMgySr hlk prY [

pWc hzwrI kw mnsb qau pw ky roSn kIAw

Bwrw b`lU kw qyrw nwm chuM kuMtI muK rhY [

blU nTIAw sm kIAw qau swkw

kmwl Kwn ky brCI lweI qyrI sWg Jrml krY[

KWfU sy ivgVI nrbdw GwtI

Kwn dys pr kwieAw Corw nhIN dwnW

Solwpur ky KWfU sBI mrY [

js joV kyso B`t BinAw,

sqrw sY pcwvn Solwpur ky mlhwn

qyrw nwm iqrlokI sb aucrY[

 

ieh dohw kyso B`t ny sMn 1698 ivc suxwieAw sI[ ieh KMfy dI pwhul qoN pihlW dw hY[ pwhul lY ky iehI BwgU BgvMq isMG, kurIAw kuier isMG, bwjU bwj isMG, suKIAw suKw isMG, rnU rx isMG, Swmw Swm isMG qy sMgq sMq isMG bxy sn[

 

blauNq jlhwno swqo Bujw qumwrI

swqoN kw js chuM kuMtI CwieAw[

hukm BieAw scY swihb kw

BgvMq nwiek ko gurU bDwieAw[

Ajb kI Awey quMg qIn bnw ky

KIc sWg qau mUMf BmwieAw[

kwml Kwn ny lweI brCI

pWc hzwrI kw mnsb qau pwieAw[

solW jqIAw myN aujl hUAw

bMs j`lHy kw nwm bFwieAw[

krmW bweI js qau kw gWaUN

swq spUq bIroN kI mwieAw[

bwj isMG kaur isMG qau byty gWaU

mnsb ijn kw sI dUn svwieAw[

js gwaUN qau mUly b`lU nTIAw kw

ijh kI bMs gur hukm bjwieAw[

dwn dIAw BtoN ko aujl

Qwl muhrYN kw BgvMq isMG Br ilAwieAw[

swl sqrW sY pYNsT Awh

nrbud dohw joV sunwieAw[

bwn gMgw dI GwtI qy KV

bIr jlhwnoN kw js gwieAw[

(ieh dohw nrbd isMG B`t ny nMdyV ivc iqMn AkqUbr 1708 dy idn piVHAw sI[ ies vyly q`k swry bMgySrI Brw KMfy dI pwhul lY ky isMG bx cu`ky sn) [

 

jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb nMdyV ivc sn qW BgvMq isMG bMgySrI, kuier isMG Aqy bwz isMG vI gurU swihb dy drSn krn pu`jy sn[ pMj AkqUbr 1708 dy idn jdoN gurU swihb ny bwbw bMdw isMG ƒ pMjwb ByijAw qW auh BgvMq isMG dy tWfy ivc hI pMjwb AwieAw sI[ “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc ies dw izkr ieM\ imldw hY :

“gurU goibMd isMG mhl dsmw, bytw gurU qyg bhwdr jI kw, ny sMmq sqrW sY pYNsT kwrqk mwsy sudI qIj mMglvwr ky idhuM gWm nMdyV, dys dKx, qt godwvrI sy, bMdw isMG ko mdr dys jwny kw bcn hUAw[ gYloN bwvw bwj isMG, ibnod isMG, kwhn isMG, BgvMq isMG, kuier isMG, pWc isK iqAwr kIey[ CIey is`K bxjwrw tWfw myN pMjwb Awey[

 

pMjwb p`ujx mgroN bwbw bMdw isMG Aqy ienHW pMjW jrnYlW ny pMjwb ƒ Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy bVI j`dojihd kIqI sI[ ienHW ny iek vwr qW pMjwb ƒ Awzwd krvw ilAw sI,, pr mgroN id`lI dy q^q ’qy bYTy bhwdr Swh ny iek bhuq v`fI &Oj ilAw ky swry ielwky ’qy dobwrw kbzw kr ilAw sI[ bMgySrI Brw bwbw bMdw isMG dy nwl rhy [ 7 dsMbr 1711 dy idn ieh vI bwbw bMdw isMG dy nwl gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivcoN igR&qwr kr ley gey qy 9 mwrc 1716 dy idn ShId kr id`qy gey sn[

BgvMq isMG dI ShIdI sbMDI izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY :

“BgvMq isMG bytw nTIAw kw, kaur isMG bytw nTIAw kw, bwj isMG bytw nTIAw kw, Swm isMG bytw nTIAw kw, poqy b`lU rwE ky, pVpoqy nwiek mUl cMd ky, cMdrbMsI, BwrdvwjI, goqRy puAwr, bMs bINJkw, bMjrauNq jlHwny, sMmq 1773 AswF mwsy sudI eykm ky idvs, svw pihr idhuM cFy bKqkwr kwkI ky mkbry pws jmnw ndI iknwry bwbw bMdw isMG swihb nwl ShwdqW pwie gey[ (B`t vhI BwdsoN, prgnw Qwnysr)

     BgvMq isMG dw iek bytw vI sI ijs dw nW BweI tyk isMG sI[tyk isMG dI pIVHI A`gy c`lx sbMDI jwxkwrI nhIN iml skI.

Bgvwn isMG rwjw

 rwjw Bgvwn isMG (30.11. 1842-31.5.1871) nwBw irAwsq dy rwjy dyvyNdr isMG dw sB qoN in`kw pu`qr sI[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN ies dw v`fw Brw BrpUr isMG nwBw dw rwjw bixAw sI[ BrpUr isMG dy lwvld mrn mgroN ies nUM 17 &rvrI 1864 dy idn nwBw dy q^q ’qy ibTwieAw igAw sI[ s`q swl rwj krn mgroN qpidk dI bImwrI nwl ies dI mOq ho geI sI[ ieh vI lwvld mirAw sI[ ies kr ky ies qoN mgroN bfru`KW dy hIrw isMG nUM q^q ’qy ibTwieAw igAw sI.

Bgvwn isMG prmwr

 

BweI Bgvwn isMG 30 Agsq 1700 dy idn iklHw PqihgVH (audoN ipMf shotw dI hdUd), AnMdpur swihb ivc ShId hoieAw sI[Bgvwn isMG BweI mnI isMG dw pu`qr, mweIdws dw poqrw Aqy b`lU dw pVpoqw sI[ auh mnI isMG dy ds pu`qrW ivc ATvyN QW ’qy sI[ ShIdI smyN aus dw ivAwh ho cu`kw sI[ aus dy do byty sn: KwnU isMG qy nwnU isMG[ aus dI ShIdI qoN mgroN KwnU isMG vI is`K pMQ dI syvw krdw irhw sI[KwnU isMG dy A`goN pMj pu`qr sn : gurdws isMG, hrI isMG, krm isMG, ibjY isMG qy hrdws isMG[ ienHW ivcoN sB qoN v`fw gurdws isMG sI[gurdws isMG dy A`goN qyrHW pu`qr sn[ ienHW ivcoN sMq isMG sB qoN v`fw sI[ A`goN ies pirvwr dy hr jixAW dI AOlwd vI c`lI sI qy ieh pircwr keI pwsIN PYilAw hoieAw sI[

BweI mnI isMG ny Awpxy dsW ivcoN pMj pu`qr gurU dI Byt cVHwey hoey sn[ ieh sn: Ajb isMG, Ajwieb isMG, Ank isMG, bic`qr isMG, audY isMG [ pr Akwl purK dw hukm dyKo ienHW pMjW qoN ielwvw ic`qr isMG, gurb^S isMG Aqy ieh Bgvwn isMG vI pMQ vwsqy ShIdIAW pw gey sn[

jdoN 1689 ivc gurU swihb ny AnMdpur ngrI dy Awly-duAwly pMj iklHy bxwauxy SurU kIqy sn qW aunHW ny shotw ipMf dI h`d ivc iqAwr ho rhy ies &qihgVH iklHy dI jQydwrI ies Bgvwn isMG ƒ sONpI sI[ Agsq 1700 q`k ies iklHy dIAW Ajy iqMn bwhIAW hI iqAwr hoeIAW sn  ies dI AnMdpur vwly pwsy (kysgVH swihb v`l dI) dIvwr Ajy pUrI nhIN hoeI sI[

29 Agsq 1700 dy idn Ajmyr cMd dIAW &OjW ny qwrwgVH iklHy ivc hwr Kwx mgroN Agly idn 30 Agsq dI svyr vyly ies iklHy ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ iek pwisEN iklHw nMgw hox krky isMGW ƒ Ku`lHy mYdwn vWg twkrw krnw ipAw sI[ aus idn s`q-A`T GMty (FweI pihr) bVI Gmswn dI lVweI hoeI sI[ ieh jMg audoN q`k huMdI rhI sI jdoN q`k sUrj Cu`p nhIN igAw sI[ ies lVweI ivc Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI pr ies dy nwl hI keI is`KW ny vI ShIdIAW pweIAW sn[ ShId hox vwilAW ivc ieh jQydwr Bgvwn isMG, jvwhr isMG qy BeI nMd isMG vI sn[ ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

“Bgvwn isMG bytw mnI isMG kw, poqw mweI dws kw…. swl sqrW sY sqvMjw Bwdvw pRivSty qIs, gurUvwr ky idhuM, gurU kw bcn pwie iklHw PqygVH, prgnw shotw, ky mlhwn swmHy mwQy jUJ kr mry [ Awgy gurU Bwxy kw KwibMd, gurU kI gq gurU jwxy [” (B`t vhI jdobMsIAW kI, Kwqw bVHqIey knauNqoN kw).

Bgvwn isMG lONgovwlIAw

 Bgvwn isMG, pu`qr rUV isMG, dw jnm brHmw (imAWmwr) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw ipqw izlHw sMgrUr dy ipMf lONgovwl dw rihx vwlw sI, pr nOkrI vwsqy brHmw clw igAw hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy Bgvwn isMG &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI Aqy aus ny pihlI jMg (sMn 1914-18) ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ ienHIN idnI Zdr lihr SurU ho geI sI; auh &Oj qoN BgOVw ho ky nYpwl clw igAw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN auh pMjwb muV AwieAw sI Aqy gurduAwrw suDwr lihr (sMn 1920-25) ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ sMn 1922 ivc aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ auh 2 swl jyl ivc irhw sI[ ies mgrNoN pitAwlw dy rwjy BUpyNdrw isMG ny aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky iqMn swl kYd dI szw id`qI sI, pr sMn 1925 ivc irhw kr id`qw sI[ irhweI mgroN auh prjw mMfl lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ jdoN pitAwlw pulIs ny aus dI igR&qwrI vwsqy vwrMt jwrI kIqy qW auh AMgRyzI ielwky ivc Aw igAw sI[ auh bhuq smW lwhOr Aqy AMimRqsr ivc irhw sI[ ies smyN dOrwn auh bwbw KVk isMG Aqy mwstr qwrw isMG dy bhuq nzdIk Aw igAw sI[ sMn 1929 ivc aus nUM prjw mMfl dw jnrl sk`qr cux ilAw igAw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI Aqy 22 swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI sI[  pr, sMn 1935 ivc BUpyNdrw isMG dw mwstr qwrw isMG nwl smJOqw hox mgroN aus nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw sI[ irhweI mgroN aus ny mwstr qwrw isMG dw ivroD krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ aus ny pitAwlw rwjw nwl smJOqy dy i^lw& 20 jnvrI 1936 dy idn mrn vrq SurU kr id`qw sI, pr kuJ idn mgroN hI ieh vrq C`f id`qw sI[ pr aus dI ies kwrvweI kwrn aus nUM AkwlI dl ivcoN k`F id`qw igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh kimaUinst pwrtI ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[  16 sqMbr 1944 dy idn aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

Bgvwn isMG jYqo
Bgvwn isMG izlHw hoiSAwrpur dy ipMf rUpovwl dw vwsI sI[ jdoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny jyqo morcw lwieAw sI (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: jYqo morcw) qW aus ny sqvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Awpxw nW ilKvwieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw pihlI jUn 1924 dy idn AnMdpur swihb qoN  cL ky, AMimRqsr huMdw hoieAw, 29 jUn 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ies ivc Swiml swirAW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc kYd kr id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn jyl ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

 

 

Bgvwn isMG nwnkwxw
BweI Bgvwn isMG (sMn 1881-20.2.1921), pu`qr lihxw isMG, dw jnm izlHw AMimRqsr dy ipMf inzwmpurw ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN ieh pirvwr c`k nMbr 38 dyvw isMG vwlw (izlHw Sy^Upurw) ivc rihx lg ipAw sI[ sMn 1920 ivc jdoN gurduAwrw lihr c`lI sI qW auh ies ivc ihsw lYx lg ipAw sI[ 19 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN lCmx isMG DwrovwlI nwnkwxw swihb dy gurduAwry nUM mhMq qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`Qw lY ly igAw qW ieh vI aus ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ Agly idn jdoN j`Qw jnm AsQwn gurduAwry ivc dwi^l hoieAw qW mhMq nrYx dws Aqy dy guMifAW ny jQy ivc Swiml swry is`KW nUM byrihmI nwl kql kr id`qw sI. hor vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw.

Bgvwn isMG gXwnI

 Bgvwn isMG ‘gXwnI’, pu`qr srmuK isMG, dw jnm izlHw qrnqwrn dy ipMf viVMg ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny igAwnI (bI.ey. dI pMjwbI) dw iemiqhwn pws kIqw sI[ sMn 1907-08 ivc auh mlySIAw  clw igAw sI Aqy pInWg dy gurduAwry ivc gRMQI vjoN syvw krn lg ipAw sI[ mgroN auh hWg kWg vI irhw sI (ie`Qy auh Bgvwn isMG j`K dy nW hyT ivcrdw irhw sI)[ au~Qy aus nUM isAwsI srgrmIAW kwrn do vwr igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI, pr sbUqW dI Gwt kwrn irhw krnw ipAw sI[  sMn 1913 ivc auh jwAlI dsqvyzW nwl knyfw clw igAw sI[ pqw l`gx ’qy aus nUM ifport kr id`qw igAw sI[ vwpsI ’qy auh clwkI nwl jpwn auqr igAw sI[ ie`QoN auh meI 1914 ivc AmrIkw dy Sihr swn&rWissko phuMc igAw sI[ ies smyN stwktn dw gurduAwrw Zdr pwrtI dIAW srgrmIAW dw muK kyNdr sI[ auh jldI hI Zdr pwrtI dy muK AwgUAW ivcoN iek bx igAw sI[ 22 Agsq 1914 dy idn Zdr pwrtI dw pRDwn sohn isMG Bknw lihr clwaux vwsqy pMjwb clw igAw qW ies nUM pwrtI dw muKI cux ilAw igAw sI[ sMn 1917 ivc AmrIkw dI srkwr ny aus nUM 18 hor pMjwbIAW sxy igR&qwr kr ky aunHW ’qy ‘swn&rWissko trwiel’ nW hyT muk`dmw clwieAw sI Aqy aunHW nUM 18-18 mhIny kYd dI szw suxweI sI[ irhweI mgroN aus ny ‘isAwsI pnwh’ dI dr^wsq id`qI sI ijs nUM mnzUr kr ky aus nUM AmrIkw ivc rihx dI iejwzq dy id`qI geI sI[ aus ny hux isAwsI srgrmIAW Gtw id`qIAW sn[ ies dOrwn aus ny nvW Xug nW hyT iek A^bwr SurU kIqI sI[ sMn 1958 ivc auh pMjwb dy cI& minstr pRqwp isMG kYroN dI slwh nwl pMjwb muV AwieAw sI[ aus ny AwpxI aumr dy Aw^rI swl skUlW kwljW ivc qkrIrW kr ky Awpxy ivdySI qjrby suxw ky ibqwey sn[ sMn 1962 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

Bgvwn isMG igAwnI

 

Bgvwn isMG, puqr hrdws isMG, izlHw qrnqwrn dy ipMf surisMG dw vwsI sI[ hrdws isMG gurU goibMd isMG jI dy drbwr ivc hI irhw krdw sI; pr dsMbr 1705 ivc jdoN gurU jI ny AnMdpur iqAwigAw qW ieh au~Qy mOjUd nhIN sI[ mgroN jdoN bMdw isMG bhwdr ny pMjwb nUM muZlW qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`dojihd SurU kIqI sI qW ieh aus ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ auh ies dOrwn bjvwVw ivc hoeI iek lVweI ivc mwirAw igAw sI[ hrdws isMG dI mOq mgroN Bgvwn isMG ipqw dy j`Qy dw muKI bixAw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN auh ipMf surisMG C`f ky eIcoigl ipMf ivc rihx lg ipAw sI[ ies dOrwn aus ny kuJ smW lwhOr dy sUbydwr zkrIAw ^wn kol nOkrI vI kIqI sI[ sMn 1739 ivc jdoN nwidr Swh ny pMjwb ’qy hmlw kIqw sI qW Bgvwn isMG zkrIAw ^wn dI qr&oN liVAw sI[ ies dOrwn vzIrbwd kol hoeI iek lVweI ivc aus dI mOq ho geI sI[  Bgvwn isMG dy pMj pu`qr sn (jY isMG, j`sw isMG, mwlI isMG, KuSwl isMG qwrw isMG[ Bgwvn isMG dI syvw nUM muK rK ky, aus dI mOq mgrooN zkrIAw ^wn ny aus dy pirvwr nUM AMimRqsr dy duAwly pMj ipMfW dI jwgIr id`qI sI; ieh ipMf sn: v`lw, vyrkw, sulqwnivMf, quMg qy c`bw; j`sw isMG nUM v`lw ipMf imilAw sI (mgroN ies dw pu`qr j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw imsl dw muKI bixAw sI)[

Bgvwn dws GyrV

 

ieh iek v`fw jwgIrdwr sI[ ieh klwnOr dy cMdU (ijs ny gurU Arjn swihb nUM qsIhy idvwey sn) dw kuVm sI; cMdU dw pu`qr krm cMd ies dI DI nwl ivAwihAw hoieAw sI[ gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI Aqy aus mgroN gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy gvwlIAr iklHw ivc swFy 6 swl kYd rihx dOrwn ies ny gurU Arjn swihb dy ibAws dirAw dy kMFy ’qy pRwcIn ipMf ruhIlw dI Qyh ’qy vswey ipMf (ijs dw nW gurU swihb ny Awpxy byty dy nW ’qy hirgoibMdpur r`iKAw sI) ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ Bgvwn dws ny muslmwnW dI ihmwieq hwsl krn vwsqy aunHW nUM iek msijd vI bxw id`qI sI (jo A`j vI mOjUd hY); ieh msijd gurU jI ny nhIN bxweI sI[ sqMbr 1621 dy dUjy A`D ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny au~Qy jw ky Bgvwn dws  dy nOkrW nUM Bjw ky ipMf nUM muV Awpxy kbzy ivc lY ilAw sI[ auh nOkr Bgvwn dws GyrV kol gey sn Aqy swrw hwl ibAwn kIqw[ Bgvwn dws klwnOr  igAw Aqy Awpxy juAweI krm cMd nUM d`isAw sI[ Bwvy krm cMd dw bwp cMdU mr cukw sI pr iek AmIr bwp dw pu`qr hox kr ky aus kol pYsw vI kw&I sI Aqy aus kol injI &Oj vI sI[ hux Bgvws dws GyrV Aqy krm cMd dIAW &OjW ny ruhIlw ipMf v`l kUc kr id`qw sI[ ieh g`l 27 sqMbr 1621 dI hY[ aus vyly ruhIlw ivc bhuq QoVHy is`K mOjUd sn pr auh sn swry juJwrU; ies kr ky auh A`gy v`D ky lVy sn qy h`Qo-h`QI lVweI ivc hmlwvrW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy sn[ ies lVweI ivc Bgvwn dws GyrV mwirAw igAw sI Aqy aus dw pu`qr rqn cMd burI qrHW z^mI hoieAw sI[ A^Ir keI swQI mrvw ky Aqy burI qrHW hwr Kw ky hmlwvr mYdwn C`f gey sn[

     Bgvwn dws dy mrn dy bwvjUd aus dw pu`qr rqn cMd Aqy juAweI krm cMd tly nhIN sn[ Cy idn mgroN cMdU dw p`qr qy jlMDr qoN muZlW dI &Oj dw iek dsqw vI cVHw ilAwieAw sI qy iqMnW (Bgvwn dws dy pu`qr dI, krm cMd dI qy muZl &Oj) ny Pyr gurU jI ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ 3 Akqbr 1621 dy idn au~Qy iPr zbrdsq lVweI hoeI sI, ijs ivc krm cMd (cMdU dw puqr) Aqy rqn cMd (Bgvwn dws dw pu`qr qy krm cMd dw swlw) vI mwry gey sn[ nw cMdU dy pu`qr krm cMd dI Ajy koeI AOlwd sI qy nw hI rqn cMd dI koeI AOLwd sI[ ies qrHW Bgvwn dws GyrV Aqy cMdU dy ^wndwn ^qm ho gey sn.

BgqU, BweI
ieh gurU rwmdws swihb dy smyN dy iek pRmuK is`K BweI Awdm brwV dw pu`qr sI[ ies ny gurU Arjn swihb v`loN drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dI iqAwrI smyN bhuq syvw kIqI sI[ ies dI kul ivcoN BweI dysU isMG (pu`qr gurb^S isMG) ny sMn 1767 ivc kYQl irAwsq kwiem kIqI sI. hor vyKo: kYQl.

 

BgqU Curw 
Curw goq dw BweI BgqU gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dy prmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc ieM\ kIqw hY: BgqU Curw vKwxIAY, f`lU rIhwxY swbws (vwr 11, pauVI 30).

Bgq Bgvwn

 

ieh ibhwr dw iek sMinAwsI sI[ ieh gurU hir rwie swihb dy smyN ivc is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ pr kuJ dyr mgroN ieh gurU nwnk swihb dy pVpoqy imhrcMd rwhIN audwsI mq ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ kuJ hor smW mgroN ies ny Awpxw hI m`q clw ilAw sI[ ies dy cyilAW nUM ‘Bgq BgwvnIey’ kihMdy sn[ ienHW dw prcwr ibhwr, bMgwl Aqy Awswm Awid qk hI irhw sI.

Bwgo, milk

 

milk Bwgo eymnwbwd/ sYdpur (lwhOr qoN 53 Aqy gujrWvwlw qoN 18 iklomItr dUr) dw iek AmIr KqrI sI[ auh au~QoN dy hwkm zwilm ^wn dw iek Aihlkwr sI; ies kr ky aus ivc bhuq AwkV sI[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI smyN eymnwbwd gey sn qW auh iek ZrIb qrKwx BweI lwlo dy Gr Tihry sn[ jdoN gurU swihb BweI lwlo kol Tihry hoey sn, audoN milk Bwgo (jo iek hMkwirAw hoieAw, D`ky-Kor Aqy zwlm AwdmI sI; lok aus ƒ idloN n&rq krdy sn), ny Awpxy mwipAW dy srwD dy nW ’qy, iek v`fw-Boj kIqw sI Aqy ies ivc swry ipMf dy lokW ƒ rotI vwsqy s`idAw sI[aus ny gurU nwnk swihb ƒ vI Kwxy ’qy s`idAw sI[ pr gurU swihb ny aus dI rotI Kwx qoN nWh kr idqI[ jdoN milk Bwgo ƒ pqw lgw ik ies ‘PkIr’ ny aus Boj ivc ih`sw lYx qoN ienkwr kIqw hY qW aus ny Awpxy Aihlkwr Byj ky gurU swihb ƒ jbrI bulw ByijAw[ jd gurU swihb au~Qy pu`jy qW aus ny pu`iCAw ik qusIN myry ‘bRhm-Boj’ ivc Swiml ikauN nhI hoey? gurU swihb ny aus ƒ AwiKAw ik qyrI rotI imhnq dI kmweI dI nhIN[ swƒ ies ivc grIbW qy kwimAW dw ^Un idsdw hY[ ies ’qy milk Bwgo ivc iek vwr qW cup ho igAw[ (ie`QoN hI kuJ lyKkW ny gurU swihb vloN rotI nUM incoV ky duD qy ^Un vgwaux dI krwmwq vwlI khwxI GV leI sI)[ ies mgroN milk Bwgo pu`Cx lgw qusIN CotI zwq dy BweI lwlo dy Gr dI rotI ikauN kbUl krdy ho? gurU swihb ny ikhw ik CotI jwq qW aus dI hY jo r`b qoN dUr rihMdw hY, BweI lwlo qW r`b dy nyVy hY[ auh qW r`b dw ipAwrw hY, pu`qr hY[ pihloN qW milk Bwgo ƒ gurU swihb dIAW KrIAW g`lW qy bVw gu`sw AwieAw pr kuJ icr mgroN milk Bwgo ƒ vI sum`q Aw geI sI[ irvwieq muqæwibkæ aus ny vI gurU swihb qoN is`KI dwn mMigAw sI Aqy aus ny AwpxI dOlq dw iek v`fw ih`sw grIbW Aqy loVvMdW qy ^rc kr idqw sI; Aqy auh milk Bwgo qoN “BweI Bwgo” bx igAw sI.

BwgBrI

 sRIngr (kSmIr) dy hwQI gyt ielwky ivc rihx vwlI BwgBrI, jo syvw dws dI mwqw sI, gurU swihb dI bVI SrDwlU sI[ aus ny Awpxy h`QIN gurU jI vwsqy iek colw iqAwr kIqw sI[ aus dI ^wihS sI ik auh Awpxy h`QIN gurU jI nUM Byt kry, pr bhuq bzurg hox kr ky auh AMimRqsr jw nhIN sI skdI[ sMn 1634 ivc jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb au~Qy gey qW aunHW ny aus qoN colw Byt ilAw sI[ BwgBrI dw Gr hux gurduAwrw gurU hirgoibMd swihb bx cukw hY[ ies gurduAwry ivc iek purwxw KUh vI hY ijs bwry g`p pRclq kIqI hoeI hY ik gurU jI ny brCw mwr ky KUh k`iFAw sI[ ies gurduAwry ivc BwgBrI dI ‘smwD’ ’qy gurU gRMQ swihb dw prkwS kIqw hoieAw hY.

 

gurduAwry ivc purwxw KUh

BwgBrI dI smwD ’qy gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS

 

Bgq isMG ShId

Bgq isMG (27.9.1907 – 23.3.1931), pu`qr ikSn isMG sMDU dw jnm p`CmI pMjwb dy ipMf bMgw (izlHw lwielpur, hux PYslwbwd) ivc hoieAw sI[aus  ny skUl dI pVHweI ^qm krn mgroN nYSnl kwlj lwhOr ivc dw^lw ilAw sI[  ieh pirvwr suAwmI dXw nMd v`loN SurU kIqy m`q AwrIAw smwj nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ aus dw ipqw ikSn isMG qy cwcw AjIq isMG AMgRyzW dy i^lw& isAwsI lVweI ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw lYNdy sn[  Bgq isMG ‘ihMdusqwn soSilst rIpbilk AYsosIeySn’ dw iek v`fw srgrm mYNbr sI[30 AkqUbr 1928 dy idn jdoN brqwnvI srkwr dy numwieMdy ‘sweImn kimSn’ dy nW hyT lwhOr Awey sn qW aus dI Awmd dy i^lw& zbrdsq muzwhrw hoieAw sI[ ies ivc pulIs ny lwTIcwrj kIqw sI[ ies lwTIcwrj dOrwn rweyzwdw hµs rwj, fw. gopI cµd Bwrgo, fw s`q pwl, lwlw hµsrwj qy Abdul kwdr z^mI hoey sn; fw. gopI cµd Bwrgo dw isr Aqy fw. sqpwl dI bWh lwTIAW dI mwr nwl burI qrHW z^mI hoeI sI[ z^mIAW ivc lwlw lwjpq rwey Swiml nhIN sI[mgroN lwlw lwjpq rwey 17 nvµbr ƒ idl dw dOrw pYx nwl mr igAw sI[ ies qoN kuJ icr mgroN sI.Awr. dws dI Gr vwlI ny lwly dI ‘idl dy dOry nwl hoeI mOq’ ƒ ‘lwTIAW nwl hoeI mOq’ nwl joVn dI g`l SurU kIqI sI[ Bgq isMG hwlWik lwlw lwjpq rwey dw ivroDI sI, pr aus ny sweImn kimSn dy dOry dy idn lwTIAW clwaux vwly AMgRyz A&sr nUM kql krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[ aus ny cMdr SyKr Awzwd, iSvrwm rwjgurU Aqy suKdyv Qwpr nUM nwl imlw ky 17 dsMbr 1928 dy idn lwhOr ifsitRk polIs hY~fkuAwrtrz dy bwhr lwhOr dy pulIs kimSnr jyms. ey. skw`t nUM mwrn dI plwinMg bxweI sI[ pr, aus idn jdoN pulIs dw AisstYNt pulIs kimSnr jOhn sWfrs bwhr inkilAw qW aunHW ny ZlqI nwl aus nUM skw`t smJ ky aus nUM golI mwr ky mwr id`qw sI[ auh kql krn mgroN fI.ey.vI. kwlj rwhIN &rwr hox l`gy qW ies mOky ’qy iek BwrqI ispwhI cMnx isMG ny aunHW nUM PVn vwsqy aunHW dw ip`Cw kIqw sI qy cMdr Sy^r Awzwd ny aus nUM vI golI mwr ky mwr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN Bgq isMG rwjgurU nwl XUrpIn ilbws pihx ky lwhOr qoN inkl igAw sI[ pulIs sWfrs qy cMnx isMG dy kwqlW dw pqw lwaux ivc nwkwm rhI sI[ 

     8 ApRYL 1929 dy idn Bgq isMG ny btukySvr d`q nwl iml ky id`lI ivc AsYNblI hwl ivc bMb su`itAw sI, ijs dw mksd pRotYst krnw sI nw ik iksy nUM mwrnw[ pulIs ny ienHW dohW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[ mgroN pulIs ny lwhOr ivc bMb &YktrI vI l`B leI sI Aqy suKdyv, ikSorI lwl qy jY gopwl nUM vI igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[ AsYNblI ivc bMb clwaux vwly kys ivc Bgq isMG Aqy btukySvr d`q nUM aumr kYd dI szw suxweI geI sI[ ies dy nwl hI sWfrs kql kys dw rwz vI KulH igAw sI[ ies ‘lwhOr swizS kys’ ivc Bgq isMG, rwjgurU qy suuKdyv nUM &WsI dI szw sucweI geI sI[

Bgq isMG dI sMn 1927 dI igR&qwrI dI qsvIr

lwhOr swizS kys dy mu`kdmy dw &Yslw

     ies kys ivc lwhOr hweI kort ivc ApIl dwier kIqI geI sI ijs nUM Adwlq ny Kwirj kr id`qw sI[ Bgq isMG qy aus dy swQIAW nUM 23 mwrc 1931 dy idn lwhOr jyl ivc &WsI dy ky, &Irozpur dy nyVy, sqluj dirAw dy kMFy ’qy aunHW dIAW lwSW dw sskwr kr id`qw igAw sI[

     Bgq isMG dI Xwd ivc Bwrq srkwr ny sMn 1968 ivc iek fwk itkt jwrI kIqI sI[ 15 Agsq  2008 dy idn pwrlImYNt ivc aus dw buq vI lwieAw igAw sI.

 

Bgq isMG dI hweIkort ivc ApIl dw dsqwvyz

Bgq isMG dI Xwd ivc jwrI kIqI fwk itkt

pwrlImYNt ivc Bgq isMG dw buq

 

 

 

Bgq isMG (kwmwgwtwmwrU)

 

Bgq isMG, pu`qr hIrw isMG, izlHw mogw dy ipMf rwjyAwxw dw vwsI sI[ sMn 1914 ivc jdoN kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz knyfw nUM iljwieAw igAw (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: kwmgwtwmwrU jhwz) qW ieh aus ivc svwr muswi&rW ivcoN iek sI[ jdoN ienHW muswi&rW nUM knyfw ivc dwi^l nw hox id`qw igAw qW ies jhwz nUM 24 julweI 1914 dy idn vwips muVnw ipAw sI[ ieh jhwz 29 sqMbr 1914dy idn kolkwqw dy bjbj Gwt ’qy p`ujw sI qW pulIs ny ies jhwz nUM Gyrw pw ilAw sI Aqy muswi&rW nUM luiDAwxy jwx vwlI spYSl g`fI ivc svwr hox dw hukm id`qw sI[ musi&rW ny pihlW kolkwqw jw ky bVw bwzwr gurduAwry ivc m`Qw tykx dI izd kIqI sI[ jd AMgRyz pulIs ny nWh kr id`qI qW lok D`ky nwl jlUs dI Skl ivc au~QoN cl pey sn[ ies ’qy pulIs ny aunHW ’qy golI clw id`qI sI ijs nwl 18 muswi&r mwry gey sn; ienHW ivc ieh Bgq isMG vI Swiml sI.

Bgq isMG (jYqo morcw)

 

1. Bgq isMG izlHw jlMDr dy ipMf auTwn dw vwsI sI[ jdoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny jyqo morcw lwieAw sI (vyKo: jYqo morcw) qW aus ny sqvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Awpxw nW ilKvwieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw pihlI jUn 1924 dy idn AnMdpur swihb qoN cL ky AMimRqsr huMdw hoieAw 29 jUn 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ies ivc Swiml swirAW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc kYd kr id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn jyl ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI

 

2. Bgq isMG izlHw jlMDr dy DloAW ipMf dw vwsI sI[ auh jYqo morcy dOrwn sqvyN ShIdI jQy ivc Swiml ho ky 29 jUn 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ies ivc Swiml swirAW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc kYd kr id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn jyl ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI

 

3. Bgq isMG izlHw AMiMmRqsr dy ipMf vfwlw Bomw dw vwsI sI[ auh nOvyN ShIdI j`Qy ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw 25 jUn 1924 dy idn AMimRqsr qoN cl ky 7 julweI 1924 dy idn jYqo pu`jw sI, ij`Qy ies ivc Swiml swirAW nUM igR&qwr kr ky nwBw jyl ivc kYd kr id`qw igAw sI[ jyl ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqy qS`dd kwrn jyl ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI.

Bwg isMG vkIl

 

Bwg isMG vkIL (sMn 1899- 21.9.1955), pu`qr suMdr isMG rwmgVHAw, dw jnm gurdwspur ivc hoieAw sI[ jdoN gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI sI qW auh ies ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ auh mukqsr dy gurduAwirAW nUM mhMqW qoN Awzwd krvwaux dI j`dojihd ivc Swiml sI[ auh 15 nvMbr 1920 dy idn cuxI geI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy pihly mYNbrW ivcoN iek sI[ 12 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn jdoN AMgRyzI srkwr ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl nUM ZYr-kwnUMnI jmwqW AYlwn kr id`qw sI qW ienHW jmwqW dy swry AwgUAW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw sI; ienHW ivc Bwg isMG vI sI[ aus ny iqMn swl jyl ivc ibqwey sn[ sMn 1925 ivc  gurduAwrw AYkt bx jwx mgroN 26 jnvrI 1926 dy idn ies AYkt ’qy Aml krn dw Brosw dyx vwly AwgUAW nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw sI, pr ies ny ies mwmUlI Srq ’qy vI irhw hox qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ A^Ir 27 sqMbr 1926 dy idn bwkI AwgUAW nUM vI irhw kr id`qw igAw sI[ 2 AkqUbr 1926 dy idn jdoN kwnUMn muqæwibkæ hoeIAW coxW mgroN AYZzYkitv kmytI bxI sI qW ies nUM vI aus ivc cuixAw igAw sI[ sMn 1932 ivc jdoN ‘i&rkU &Ysly’ dy i^lw& j`dijihd krn vwsqy 17 mYNbrI ‘kONsl Aw& AYkSn’ bxI sI qW ies nUM vI aus ivc Swiml kIqw igAw sI[ AkwlIAW ivc AwpsI lVweI SurU hox ’qy kuJ ZYr-isAwsI AwgUAW ny ‘gursyvk sBw’ nW hyT iek jmwq bxw ky ies msky dw h`l k`Fx dI koiSS kIqI sI[ Bwg isMG vI ies sBw dw mYNbr sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN ies ny sMn 1955 dy ‘pMjwbI sUbw izMdwbwd’ morcw ivc vI igR&qwrI id`qI sI[ ies qoN kuJ mhIny mgroN hI ies dI mOq ho geI sI.

Bwg isMG jINd

 

rwjw Bwg isMG (sMn 1768-1819), pu`qr rwjw gjpq isMG), sMn 1789 ivc jINd dy q^q ’qy bYTw sI[ sMn 1803 ivc ies ny eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI nwl Aihdnwmw kr ilAw sI Aqy ieh AMgRyzW dw swQI bx igAw sI[ jdoN XSvMq rwE holkr AMgRyzW qoN hwr Kw ky mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG kol AwieAw qW ies ny mhwrwjw nUM lwrf lyk dy i^lw& holkr dI mdd krn qoN vrijAw sI[ Bwg isMG bhuq cusq Aqy nIqIvyqw sI ijs kr ky ies dI AMgRyzW nwl bhuq bxdI sI[ izMdgI dy Aw^rI swlW ivc ies nUM ADrMg ho igAw sI Aqy bhuq smW bImwr rih ky 51 swl d aumr ivc cVHweI kr igAw sI.

Bwg isMG nwnkwxw

Bwg isMG (sMn 1880—20.2.1921), pu`qr AmIr isMG, dw jnm izlHw AMimRqsr dy ipMf inzwmpurw ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN ieh pirvwr c`k nMbr 38 dyvw isMG vwlw (izlHw Sy^Upurw)  jw ky rihx lg ipAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI, pr 10 swl mgroN aus ny &Oj qoN pYnSn lY leI sI[ kuJ mhIny mgroN auh Pyr &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI, pr Cy mhIny mgroN iPr nOkrI C`f id`qI sI[ sMn 1920 ivc jdoN gurduAwrw lihr c`lI sI qW auh ies ivc ihsw lYx lg ipAw sI[ 26 jnvrI 1921 dy idn qrnqwrn dy gurduAwry nUM gey qyjw isMG Bu`cr dy j`Qy ivc auh vI Swiml hoieAw sI[ 19 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN lCmx isMG DwrovwlI nwnkwxw swihb dy gurduAwry nUM mhMq qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`Qw lY ky igAw sI qW ieh vI aus ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ Agly idn jdoN j`Qw jnm AsQwn gurduAwry ivc dwi^l hoieAw qW mhMq nrYx dws Aqy dy guMifAW ny jQy ivc Swiml swry is`KW nUM byrihmI nwl kql kr id`qw sI. hor vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw.

Bwg isMG qy idlbwg isMG  

      Bwg isMG qy idlbwg isMG Jbwl dy BweI lMgwh dy Brw pyroSwh dy poqy sn[ ienHW dI iek BYx Bwgo (pwhul mgroN Bwg kOr) sI, jo p`tI dy vwsI cODrI dys rwj vVYc dy pu`qr inDwn isµG nwl ivAwhI hoeI sI[ dsµbr 1705 ivc cODrI dys rwj vVYc clwxw kr igAw sI[ aus dy Bog dy mOky lwgilAW ipµfW J`lIAWvwlw, gµfIivµf, surisµG, pµjvV, mUsy, iBKIivµf, phuivµf vZYrw Aqy mrHl qoN vI irSqydwr Aqy dosq p`tI pu`jy sn[ ies BOg mOky hI sB ƒ pqw lgw sI ik gurU goibMd isµG jI Anµdpur Cf cuky hn; swrw pirvwr ivCV igAw hY; mwqw gujrI jI qy cwry swihbjwdy ShId ho cuky hn qy ies smyN gurU swihb jI ‘jµgl dys’ ivc hn[ ieh sB sux ky swirAW ƒ bVw rµj hoieAw ik AsIN gurU jI dIAW AOKIAW GVIAW vyly nwl nhIN sW[ au~Qy bYTy swirAW jixAW  ny ivcwr kIqI ik ik jy kr AsIN AnMdpur dy Gyry vyly nwl nhIN sI; Aqy swnUM hux pqw lgw hY, qW hux swfw gurU jI kol jwxw qW bxdw hY[ ies ivcwr nwl krIb cwlI is`K guru jI nUM imlx jwx vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ aunHW nwl iekqwlIvIN Bwgo vI Awpxy pqI, jyT qy BrwvW nwl cl peI sI[

p`tI qoN mKU jIry qoN huµdI hoeI ieh sµgq rUpyAwxw dI rohI ivc (mOjUdw ipMf m`lx soFIAW vwlI QW) puj geI sI[ ie`Qy aunHW dw gurU swihb jI nwl myl ho igAw sI[ gurU jI ny mwJy qoN AweI sµgq vyK ky ruk gey sn qy swrI sµgq vI bYT geI sI[ Awey isµGW ny gurU jI nwl cOhW swihbzwidAW Aqy mwqw jI dI ShIdI bwry mwqmpursI kIqI[ gurU swihb jI ny hwlwq ƒ vwihgurU dw Bwxw ikhw[ QoVy smyN bwAd Bwg isµG ny ikhw, ‘mhwrwj qusIN hux lVweIAW C`f ky swfy kol mwJy ivc Aw ky rho[ AsIN quhwfI id`lI drbwr nwl sulh krvw dyNdy hW[’ Bwg isµG dI gl sux ky gurU swihb jI ny kuJ ies qrHw ikhw, ‘BweI, qusIN kOx huµdy ho sulh krvwaux vwly? guru Arjn swihb dI ShIdI vyly quhwfy v`fy vfyry ik`Qy sn? CyvyN pwqswh dI kYd vyly ik`Qy sn? jd AnMdpur keI mhIny Gyrw ipAw irhw qusIN nhIN Awey? hux kI krn Awey ho? quhwnUM sMg nhIN AwauNdI?’ ieh jvwb sux ky BweI idlbwg isµG ny ikhw, ‘mhwrwj, jy kr qusIN iesy qrHW rihxw hY; qusIN swfI gl nhIN mµnxI qW AsIN jWdy hW[ swfy qoN hux is`KI nhIN inBdI[’ ies dw moVvW jvwb dyNidAW gurU jI ny ikhw, ‘AsIN quhwƒ bulwieAw nhIN sI, qusIN Awpy Awey ho qy Awpy cly jwau[ ilK ky dy idE ik A`j qoN mwJw gurU dw is`K nhIN irhw[’ ieh kih ky gurU jI ny BweI mwn isµG ƒ ikhw, “mwn isµG, KurjI vcoN klm dvwq AOr kwgz ilAwE”[ mwn isµG ny iesy qrHW hI kIqw[ Bwg isµG iFloN JbwlIey ny kwZz au~qy ‘A`j qoN mwJy dy is`K gurU dy nhIN rhy’ ilK ky dsq^q kr idqy[ Bwg isµG qoN bwAd idlbwg isµG, Grbwrw isµG qy gµfw isµG, iqMnW Jbwl vwsIAW ny vI dsq^q kr idqy[ eyny icr ivc iek sUhIey ny Kbr id`qI ik mugl &Oj bhuq nyVy puj geI hY, ie`QoN kUc krnw cwhIdw hY[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny auh kwgj PiVAw qy boJy ivc pw ky A`gy rvwnw ho gey[

gurU swihb dy jwx mgroN mweI Bwgo, jo Bwg isMG qy idlbwg isMG dI v`fI BYx sI Aqy inDwn isMG vVYc dI Gr vwlI sI, ny ienHW cwlI isMGW v`l mUMh kr ky kuJ ieM\ AwiKAw: Ajy qW dunI cMd Aqy aus dy swQI cwr-pMj mJYl isMGW v`loN AnMdgVH iklHy ’coN r`sw bMnH ky B`jx dw klMk swfy m`Qy qoN nhIN l`Qw[ A`j AsIN gu`sy ivc Aw ky gurU swihb ƒ bydwvw ilK id`qw hY[ hux AsIN ikhVw mUMh lY ky vwips vqnW ƒ jwvWgy[ quhwƒ Gr igAW ƒ Gr-vwlIAW kI AwKxgIAW ik siqgurW dy Awh drSn pw ky Awey ho? lok lwhnqW pwauxgy[ ikhVw mUMh lY ky bwhr iProgy? au~To Syro! hMBlw mwro, gurU jI b^iSMd hn[ auh zrUr muAw& kr dyxgy, clo clIey[ ieh AwK ky mweI Bwg kOr ny p`lU PyirAw[ mweI dy bolW ny aus dy Coty Brw Bwg isMG ƒ vI tuMb hI ilAw Aqy aus ny vI bwkIAW ƒ gurU jI dy ip`Cy jwx vwsqy AwiKAw[ swry is`K ausy pwsy vl cl pey sn ijDr gurU jI gey sn[

mweI Bwg kOr Aqy cwlHI mJYl isMG cldy-cldy iKdrwxy dI Fwb dy kMFy ’qy jw ruky qy pwxI pIx lg pey sn[ ies vyly gurU swihb Fwb lMG ky nyVy dI iek it`bI ’qy jw Tihry sn[ (ieh auhI QW hY ij~Qy gurduAwrw it`bI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ Fwb vwlI QW ’qy gurduAwrw drbwr swihb, qMbU swihb Aqy AMgITw swihb bxy hoey hn)[

kuJ hI icr mgroN srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr Kwn dI &Oj Fwb dy kMFy ’qy Aw pu`jI[ cwlHI mJYl isMG vI aus vyly au~Qy hI hwizr sn[ vyKidAW-vyKidAW hI dohW pwisAW qoN golIAW Aqy qIrW dw mINh pYxw SurU ho igAw[ 2 GVIAW (pOxy GMty) mgroN jdoN isMGW kol qIr qy golIAW muk geIAW qW aunHW ny qlvwrW DUh leIAW Aqy duSmx dI &Oj ’qy tu`t pey[ dohIN qr&IN lohy nwl lohw KVikAw[ cwlHI isMGW  ny srhMdI &Oj dI AijhI v`F-t`uk kIqI ik aunHW ƒ AlHw cyqy krvw id`qw sI[ ieh lVweI kw&I dyr q`k cldI rhI sI[ dohW iDrW ny koeI ksr nhIN C`fI sI[ A^Ir sYNkVy muZl ispwhIAW ƒ mwrn mgroN sYNqI isMG ShId ho gey sn Aqy bwkI dy iqMn isMG burI qrHW z^mI ho ky if`g pey sn[

jdoN vzIr Kwn ny vyiKAw ik swry is`K mwry gey hn qy koeI lVn vwlw nhIN irhw qW aus ny &Oj ƒ ip`Cy htx dw hukm dy id`qw[ aus ƒ ieh vI d`isAw jw cu`kw sI ik aus ƒ ies qoN A`gy ikqy pwxI nhIN iml skxw Aqy &Oj ipAws nwl mr jwvygI[ auN\ vI aus pwsy dw ielwkw mulqwn irAwsq dy mwqihq sI[ ieh soc ky aus ny vwips muVn dw PYslw qW pihlW hI kr ilAw hoieAw sI[ nwl hI hux swry is`K, aus dy i^Awl ivc, “^qm” ho cu`ky sn ies kr ky aus ny &OjW ip`Cy moV leIAW[ Swm pYx qoN pihlW srhMd dIAW &OjW au~QoN kw&I dUr inkl cu`kIAW sn[

QoVHI dyr mgroN gurU swihb it`bI qoN cl ky iKdrwxy dI Fwb (ijs ƒ aunHW eISrsr dw nW id`qw) dy kMFy ’qy Awey[ aus vyly rwey isMG mulqwnI (Brw BweI mnI isMG) aus dw pu`qr mhW isMG, BweI suMdr isMG bRwhmx (vwsI ipMf J`lIAW vwlw)  issk rhy sn[ gurU swihb ny BweI mwn isMG inSwncI ƒ ShId hoey 37 isMGW dIAW lwSW iek`TIAW krn dI syvw b^SI sI Aqy Awp sihk rhy is`KW kol bYT gey sn[ gurU swihb ny ienHW iqMnW dy mUMh ivc pwxI pwieAw, mrHm-p`tI kIqI; pr ienHW dy z^m bVy fUMGy sn[ ienHW dy bcx dI koeI Aws nhIN sI[ ies smyN mweI Bwg kOr ƒ vI K`by p`t ivc golI l`gI hoeI sI pr bwkI iqMny bVy inFwl ho cu`ky sn[

gurU kIAW swKIAW dy lyKk muqæwibkæ gurU swihb ny sihk rhy iqMnW isMGW ƒ pu`iCAw ik quhwƒ kI cwhIdw hY, Awpxy mUMhoN mMg lE[ ies qy BweI rwey isMG boilAw “gurU jI jy Awp qruTy hI ho qW qusIN BweI Bwg isMG dw iliKAw is`KI qoN pMcwieqI bydwvw PwV ky swƒ is`KI dwn b^S idE[” ieh sux ky gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny “Dµn is`KI! DMn is`KI!! DMn is`KI!!!” AwiKAw Aqy AwpxI jyb ivcoN bydwvy vwlw kwZz k`F ky PwV id`qw[ (iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ ieh bol rwey isMG dy pu`qr mhW isMG qny khy sn[ drAsl mhW isMG ny sB qoN A^Ir ’qy suAws C`fy sI ies kr ky aus dw nW c`l ipAw sI[ ieh ZlqI sMqoK isMG ny “gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ” ivc kIqI sI qy bwkIAW ny qW aus dI nkl kr ky hI ilK id`qw sI[)

ies mgroN gurU jI swrI rwq ienHW nwl g`lW krdy rhy[ A`DI rwq vyly BweI suMdr isMG J`lIAW vwlw swh C`f igAw sI[ ies mgroN BweI rwey isMG qy kuJ icr mgroN cwlHIvW isMG BweI mhW isMG vI cVHweI kr igAw sI[

AglI svyr, mwG dI pihlI ƒ (30 dsMbr 1705 dy idn) gurU swihb ny ienHW cwlHI is`KW vwsqy Awsw dI vwr dw pwT kr ky Bog pwieAw[ kuJ icr mgroN BweI dwn isMG iKdrwxw ipMf ivcoN iqRhwvl (iGE, mYdw, KMf) lY AwieAw[ gurU swihb ny Awp pwT kr ky dyZ iqAwr krvweI[ ShId isMGW dIAW lwSW ƒ lkVIAW dy Fyr ’qy iek`iTAW hI r`K id`qw igAw sI[ gurU swihb ny Awp soihlw dw pwT kIqw qy iPr Awpxy h`QIN hI ienHW dI icKw ƒ A`g lweI[ sskwr mgroN gurU swihb ny hwizr isMGW ƒ mu^wiqb huMidAW AwiKAw ik ienHW cwlHI isMGW ny Drm hyq sIs id`qy hn[ ienHW ƒ vI ‘cwlI mukqy’ AwK ky cyqy kIqw jwieAw krygw[

gurU swihb 30 Aqy 31 dsMbr dw idn au~Qy hI rhy Aqy jdoN icKw pUrI qrHW rwK bx geI qW gurU swihb ny AMgITy qy im`tI puAw id`qI[ 31 dsMbr dI rwq ƒ iKdrwxy dy vwsI gurU swihb ƒ ipMf lY gey Aqy syvw kIqI[ rwq gurU swihb iKdrwxy rhy Aqy pihlI jnvrI 1706 ƒ iKdrwxy qoN qlvMfI swbo vl cl pey sn.

Bwg isMG iB`KI ivMf

BweI Bwg isMG iB`KI ivMf (sMn 1872-1914), pu`qr BweI nrYx isMG, dw jnm ipMf iB`KIivMf (izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc hoieAw sI[ sMn 1892 ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ kuJ swl dI nOkrI mgroN auh cIn clw igAw sI ij`Qy aus ny pulIs ivc iqMn swl nOkrI kIqI sI[ ies mgroN auh vYnkUvr (kYnyfw) clw igAw sI[ au~Qy aus ny ‘gurU nwnk mwieinMg AYNf ieMjnIAirMg kMpnI’ bxweI sI Aqy bhuq swry pMjwbIAW nUM nOkrI id`qI sI[ 19 jnvrI 1908 dy idn gurduAwry nUM nvIN ^rIdI iemwrq ivc SurU krn vwilAW srkrdw is`KW ivc auh vI Swiml sI[ (vYnkUvr ivc gurduAwrw  22 julweI 1906 qoN cl irhw sI, pr pihloN auh iek ikrwey dI iemwrq ivc cl irhw sI)[ Kwlsw dIvwn suswietI dw auh pihlw sk`qr cuixAw igAw sI[ jnvrI 1912 ivc auh Awpxy pirvwr nUM vI knyfw lY AwieAw sI[ bVI j`dojihd mgroN aus dy (Aqy BweI blvMq isMG dy) pirvwr nUM knyfw ivc rihx dI iejwzq imlI sI[ pr, Bwg isMG dI pqnI hrnwm kOr 30 jnvrI 1914 dy idn cVHweI kr geI sI[ aus vyly aus dy do b`cy sn (pu`qr juipMdr isMG isr& 26 mhIny dw Aqy DI krm kOr isr& 7 idn dI)[

     22 meI 1914 dy idn kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz kYnyfw pu`jw sI; pr hwkmW ny muswi&rW nUM auqrn nhIN id`qw sI[ ies mOky ’qy Bwg isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI qW jo auh muswi&rW dI mdd nw kr sky[ 23 julweI 1914 dy idn jhwz nUM vwips moV id`qw igAw sI Aqy aus mgroN ies nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw sI[ kYnyfw ivc srkwr ny keI icr qoN is`KW dy i^lw& swizSW GVnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW hoeIAW sn[pulIs A&sr hwpiknsn ny ies nUM is`KW dI jwsUsI krn dI ifaUtI sONpI hoeI sI[hwpiknsn ny bylw isMG ijAwx, bwbU isMG, hrnwm isMG (imlsweIf gurduAwry dw iek swbkw gRMQI, jo bwbU isMG dy nwl ieko kmry ivc rihMdw sI), Arjn isMG qy iek do hor pMjwbI  vI Awpxy eyjMt bxwey hoey sn[ 31 Agsq 1914 dy idn jMgl ivcoN hrnwm isMG dI lwS imlI sI; iksy ny aus dw isr v`F ky lwS JwVIAW ivc su`t id`qI sI (crcw sI ik ieh AYkSn surisMG  dy jgq isMG dw sI; ieh jgq isMG ‘lwhOr swizS kys’ vwlw nhIN sI)[ ieh mrn vwlw hrnwm isMG 17 Agsq qoN hI Zwieb sI[ ikauN ik puls nUM kwqlW dw pqw nhIN l`g sikAw sI ies kr ky ZdwrW dy hOsly burI qrHW ifgy hoey sn[ ienHW dI bdiksmqI ik 3 sqMbr nUM, ienHW dy Apxy hI iek dosq rwm isMG dy h`QoN ZlqI nwl golI cl jwx kwrn ienHW dw iek hor swQI Arjn isMG vI mwirAw igAw sI[ hux bylw isMG is`K AwgUAW ’qy vwr krnw cwhuMdw sI[

5 sqMbr 1914 dy idn Arjn isMG dy sskwr mgroN is`K gurduAwry ivc bYTy sI qW bylw isMG ny Bwg isMG (jo aus vkq gurU gRMQ swihb dI qwibAw bYTw hoieAw sI) ’qy golIAW clweIAW sn[ aus dy bcwA vwsqy bqn isMG (dlyl isMG vwlw, izlHw mwnsw) A`gy AwieAw sI[ bylw isMG ny aus ’qy vI &wier kr id`qw sI[ hor vI kuJ jxy bylw isMG nUM rokx vwsqy A`gy Awey sn; aus ny aunHW ’qy vI golIAW clweIAW sn[ Bwg isMG qy bqn isMG dovyN Agly idn cVHweI kr gey sn[ bylw dIAW golIAW nwl z^mI hoey bwkI jxy, au~qm isMG (nUrpur), jvwlw isMG (is`K dOlq), dlIp isMG (nMgl), lwB isMG (D“ko), keI idn qk kMm nhIN sn kr sky[ pulIs ny 15 sqMbr dy idn bylw isMG nUM aus dy Gr (1752 sYkMf AYvinaU, vYnkUvr) qoN igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[

     BwvyN srkwr ny bylw isMG ’qy muk`dmw clwieAw sI, pr ieh idKwvy dI kwrvweI sI[ bylw isMG dy h`k ivc mukwmI ihMdUAW bwbU, Twkr, syvw, Amr, n`Qw, gMgU rwm qy fw: rGU nwQ ny gvwhIAW id`qIAW sn (fwktr rGU nwQ auhI sI ijs iek`ly nUM kwmwgwtw mwrU jhwz ivcoN auqrn dI iejwzq id`qI geI sI)[ ienHW qoN ielwvw pulIs A&sr hwpiknsn vI s&weI dy gvwh vjoN pyS hoieAw sI qy ienHW do kqlW nUM bylw isMG v`loN Awpxy bcwA vwsqy kIqy kql grdwinAw sI (21 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn myvw isMG lopoky ny hwpiksn nUM golIAW mwr ky mwr id`qw sI Aqy &WsI ’qy cVH igAw sI. vyKo: myvw isMG lopoky)[ ienHW ZdwrW dIAW gvwhIAW kr ky Adwlq ny 8 dsMbr 1914 dy idn bylw isMG nUM Bwg isMG qy bqn isMG kql dy jurm qoN brI kr id`qw sI (bylw isMG nUM bbrW ny sMn 1934 ivc aus dy ipMf ivc kql kr id`qw sI).

 

Bwg isMG AwhlUvwlIAw

rwjw Bwg isMG (sMn 1745-10.7.1801), pu`qr l`Dw isMG, poqw gurb^S isMG, j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dw BqIjw sI (gurb^S isMG j`sw isMG dy ipqw bdr isMG dw Brw sI)[ j`sw isMG dI mOq qoN mgroN Bwg isMG AwhlUvwlIAw imsl dw muKI Aqy kpUrQlw irAwsq dw rwjw bixAw sI[ sMn 1784 ivc rwjw Bwg isMG ny kusUr ’qy hmlw kr ky ie`QoN dy A&Zwn hwkm nUM hrwieAw sI[ Bwg isMG ny qwrnqwrn (sMn 1793) Aqy jMifAwlw ’qy vI hmlw kIqw sI[ jdoN j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny rwxI sdw kOr ’qy hmlw kIqw sI qW ies ny rwxI dI mdd kIqI sI[ ies muihMm qoN Bwg isMG Aqy rxjIq isMG ivc dosqI kwiem ho geI sI[

     sMn 1795 ivc auh AMimRqsr AwieAw sI ; ies mOky ’qy aus dy pu`qr &qh isMG ny KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI sI[ sMn 1801 ivc j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw Aqy kWgVw dy rwjy sMswr cMd ktoc ny doAwbw ’qy hmlw kIqw[ ies mOky ’qy Bwg isMG ny hmIr isMG dI AgvweI ivc &Oj Byj id`qI sI[ hmIr isMG hwr ky ip`Cy B`ijAw qW ies ny ^ud &Oj dI AgvweI kIqI sI[ PgvwVw kol hoeI lVweI ivc ieh z^mI ho igAw sI[ ieh z^m jdoN bhuq PYl igAw qW Bwg isMG kpUrQlw muV igAw sI ij`Qy aus dI mOq ho geI sI[

     Bwg isMG dI mOq qoN mgroN aus dw pu`qr &qh isMG (sMn 1784-1836) kpUrQlw irAwsq dw rwjw bixAw sI[ Bwg isMG dI mOq dI imjwz pursI krn vwsqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG kpUrQlw pu`jw sI; ies mOky qy aus ny &qh isMG nUM Awpxw p`g-v`t Brw AYlwinAw sI[  Bwg isMG dI jIvnI ‘BwgisMG cMdroaudX’ nW hyT, kpUrQlw dy irAwsqI ieiqhwskwr rwmsuK rwE ny ilKI sI, jo Ajy AxCpI hY.

Bwg kOr (mweI Bwgo)

 

mweI Bwgo Jbwl dy BweI lMgwh dy Brw pyroSwh dI poqrI sI[ ies dy do Brw Bwg isMG iF`loN qy idlbwg isMG iF`loN sn[ mwqw Bwgo dw ivAwh p`tI dy vwsI cODrI dys rwj vVYc dy pu`qr inDwn isµG nwl hoieAw sI[ Bwgo aunHW cwlHI is`KW dy nwl p`tI qoN gurU goibMd isMG jI dy drSn krn vwsqy mwlvy dy ielwky ivc AweI hoeI sI ik iKdrwxy dI Fwb ’qy srhMdI &OjW nwl hoeI lVweI ivc aus dw swrw pirvwr mwirAw igAw sI[ ikauNik mweI Bwgo ijs dy dovyN Brw, pqI qy jyT Bwv pyky shury ies jµg ivc ShId ho gey sn, ny hux ip`Cy jwx qoN nWh kr id`qI sI qy guru jI dI syvw ivc rihx dw &Yslw kIqw[ auh gurU jI dy nwl hI qlvµfI swbo kI pujI sI[ au~Qy aus ny mwrc 1706 ivc KMfy dI pwhul lY ky Bwgo qoN Bwg kOr bx geI sI[ AkqUbr 1706 ivc jdoN gurU jI qlvµfI swbo qoN d`Kx v`l c`ly sn qW auh vI gurU jI dy nwl geI sI[ auh gurU jI dy nwl hI nMdyV pujI sI[ 6 AkqUbr 1707 dy idn gurU goibµd isµG jI dy joiq-joq smw jwx qoN bwAd mwqw nMdyV ivc hI rhI sI[ kuJ smW auh ibdr ivc vI rhI sI[ aus dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw nMdyV ivc Aqy iek ibdr ivc vI bixAw hoieAw hY[

mwqw Bwg kOr bwry do Zlq g`lW dw Aksr pRcwr kIqw jWdw hY: pihlI ieh ik auh mukqsr dI lVweI ivc lVI sI; ieh shI nhIN; isr& 40 is`KW ny hI lVweI kIqI sI; mwweI Bwgo nUM iek golI zrUr l`gI sI[ dUjw, kuJ FwfIAW kvISrW ny Bwg kOr dy nwl isTW joV idqIAW hn  ik mwqw ny bydwvw dy ky Awey is`KW ƒ lwhnqW pweIAW qy ikhw cUVIAW pw lau, cuµnIAW lY lau vZYrw[ mwqw ny Aijhw kuJ nhIN sI ikhw (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: Bwg idlbwg isMG qy idlbwg isMG)[ ieho ijhIAW Zlq g`lW ilKxw aus dy nwl izAwdqI hY[ ieho ijhIAW ilKqW dw AwDwr sMqoK isMG dw ‘sUrj pRkwS’ hY ijs ny gurU swihbwn bwry Aqy is`K S^sIAqW bwry byh`d Zlq g`lW ilK ky ieiqhws nwl Gor izAwdqI kIqI hY.

bweI zwqW dy lok (gurU dw c`k ivc)

kvI sMqoK isMG ny sUrj pRkwS ivc iliKAw hY ik gurU rwmdws jI ny jdoN nvW ngr c`k-gurU (AMimRqsr) vswieAw sI qW aunHW ny aus ngr ivc hr pySy Aqy hr ik`qy dy lok vswey sn, ijnHW ivc 22 zwqW dy KqrI vI sn[ kvI sMqoK isMG dI ies kwlpink g`l dw Bwv ieh nhIN ik KqrIAW dIAW 22 goqRW dy lok vswey sn[ kvI sMqoK isMG ny ies kuJ AwpxI klpnw dy ADwr ’qy iliKAw hY[ drAsl gurU jI ny iksy zwq dy lokW nUM s`dw nhIN id`qw sI, blik lok Awp hI Aw ky vsdy gey sn[ aus vyly qk qkrIbn hr ik`qy dy lok is`KI ivc Swiml ho cuky sn Aqy hOlI-hOlI hr ik`qy dy lok c`k-gurU ivc v`sxy SurU h gey sn.

bweI mMjIAW

kvI sMqoK isMG ny sUrj pRkwS ivc iliKAw hY ik gurU Amr dws jI ny is`K Drm dw pRcwr krn vwsqy 22 mMjIAW dI sQwpxw kIqI sI[ aus muqæwibkæ ieh 22 mjIAW hyT ilKIAW sn: A`lw Xwr, s`cn s`c, swDwrx, swvx m`l, su`Kx, kæYd wrI, Kyfw, gMgUSwh, drbwrI, pwro, Pyrw, bUAw, byxI, mhysw, mweI dws, mxk cMd, mQo-murwrI, rwjw rwm, lwlo, hMdwl[ ieh kvI sMqoK isMG dI klpnw dy nW hn[ ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik ienHW ivcoN kuJ jxy pRmuK is`K sn Aqy Drm dw pRcwr krn dI syvw kr rhy sn, pr ieh nW 22 hoxw Zlq hY; imswl vjoN ies ivc jMifAwlw (izlHw AMimRqsr) dy hMdwl dw nW vI Swiml hY; aus dw jnm sMn 1573 dw hY Aqy gurU Amr dws jI sMn 1574 ivc joqI joq smw gey sn[ kI auh iek swl dI aumr dy hMdwl nUM mMjI sONp gey sn? ies kr ky 22 mMjIAW dI khwxI hMdwlIAW vloN hMdwl dI is&q krn vwsqy GiVAw igAw JUTw pRcwr sI.

bweI DwrW Aqy bweI Dwr dy rwjy

purwxy pMjwb (ijs ivc mOjUdw ihmWcl sUbw Swiml sI) Aqy jMmU-kSmIr (fUgr dw ielwkw) dy phwVW ivcoN inkldIAW 22 jlDwrw, jo v`K v`K irAwsqW nUM iek-dUjy qoN vMfdIAW sn (Xwin phwVI irAwsqW dIAW srh`dW sn)[ ies qoN ielwvw gVHvwl irAwsq, jo jmnw pwr au~qrwKMf ivc sI; Aqy bswlI (jo sqluj dy d`Kx v`l, mOjUdw nUrpur bydI qihsIl ivc, jo iek in`kI ijhI irAwsq sI) nUM vI ienHW phwVI irAwsqW nwl joV ilAw jWdw sI[ drAsl ieh Dwrw BwvyN 22 sn, pr ies qoN ielwvw hor vI keI vMfW pY cukIAW sn (ijvyN gulyr irAwsq kWgVw ivcoN inklI irAwsq sI)[ keI irAwsqW iek irAwsq dy do ih`sy ho jwx nwl bxIAW sn[ ienHW ivc ieh irAwsqW Swiml sn: nUrpur, gulyr (hrIpur), dqwrpur, sIbw, jsvwn, kWgVw, kotlyhr, mMfI, sukyq, kihlUr (iblwspur), isrmOr (nwhn), hMfUr (nwlwgVH), gVHvwl, ku`lU, bsohlI, B`fU, mwnkot, byNhdRwltw, cnynI, kStvwr (ikSqvwV), B`drvwh, sWbw, jsrotw, jMmU, cMbw[ ienHW ivcoN kWgVw, mMfI, ku`lU, cMbw, kihlUr, isrmOr, gVHvwl bhuq v`fIAW irAwsqW sn; Aqy dwqwrpur, bswlI vrgIAW qW kuJ ipMfW dIAW irAwsqW hI sn[ ienHW ivcoN bhuqIAW irAwsqW 1839 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy rwj dw ih`sw sn Aqy jW aus nUM mwmlw dyNdIAW sn. hor vyKo: kWgVw, gulyr, jMmU, jsvwn, nUrpur, nwhn, ku`lU, cMbw, mMfI, iblwspur.

bYNitMk, lwrf ivlIAm kvYNifS

lwrf ivlIAm hYnrI kvYNifS-bYNitMk (14.9.1774-17.6.1839) dw jnm ivlIAm bYNitMk (pRDwn mMqrI ieMglYNf) dy Gr bikMGmSwier (ieMglYNf) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh 16 swl dI aumr ivc &Oj ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ sMn 1798 ivc auh krnl dI pdvI qy phuMc cukw sI[ sMn 1803 ivc aus nUM ihMd Byj ky mdrws dw gvrnr lw id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1811 ivc aus nUM brqwnvI &Oj dw kmWfr bxw ky ietlI dI muihMm ’qy isslI Byj idqw igAw sI[ sMn 1814 ivc aus ny ijnoAw nUM kbzy ivc lY ilAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny AwpxI mrzI nwl isAwsI &Ysly lYxy SurU kr id`qy sn[ aus ny ietlI dy lokW dy idlW ivc Awpxy vwsqy QW bxw leI sI[ ies mgroN aus nUM iPr ihMd Byj id`qw igAw sI[ 4 julweI 1828 qoN 20 mwrc 1835 qk auh ihMd dw gvrnr jnrl irhw sI[ auh ihMd dw pihlw gvrnr jnrl sI[ Awpxy Aihd dOrwn 4 dsMbr 1829 dy idn aus ny hukm jwrI kr ky bMgwl ivc sqI pRQw bMd kIqI sI (mgroN ieh kwnUMn mdrws qy bMbeI sUibAW ivc vI lwgU kIqw igAw sI)[ aus ny nv jMmIAW DIAW dy kql nUM vI jurm krwr id`qw sI[ aus dw dUjw v`fw kMm T`gI dw AMq krnw sI[ sMn 1835 ivc aus ny klkqw ivc pihlw myfIkl kwlj KoilHAw sI[

sMn 1833 ivc aus dy smyN ivc ‘sYnt hYlynw AYkt 1833” pws hoieAw sI Aqy ihMd ivc eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dI mnwplI ^qm kr id`qI geI sI Aqy bMgwl dw gvrnr jnrl hux ihMd dw gvrnr jnrl bxw id`qw igAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny bhuq swry rwijAW nwl dosqwnw sbMD kwiem kIqy sn[ 25 AkqUbr 1831 dy idn aus ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nwl vI mulwkwq kIqI sI[ jy sMn 1845 ivc bYNiktMg ihMd ivc huMdw qW auh kdy brqwnIAw nUM mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI hkUmq ’qy kbzw nw krdw; ikauNik aus dI Awdq sI ik auh dUjy rwijAW nUM Zlwm nhIN blik dosq bxwieAw krdw sI[ sMn 1835 ivc auh ieMglYNf muV igAw sI[ aus nUM hwaUs Aw& lwrfz dw mYNbr bxn dI pySkS kIqI geI sI, jo aus ny mnzUr nhIN kIqI sI[ ies mgroN auh glwsgo qoN hwaUs Aw& kwmnz dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw sI[ aus dI mOq 64 swl dI aumr ivc pYirs ivc hoeI sI[ aus dI kbr syNt mYirlbon pYirS (lMfn) ivc bxI hoeI hY[ aus ny sMn 1803 ivc 29 swl dI aumr ivc lyfI myrI nwl SwdI kIqI sI pr aus dy Gr ivc koeI b`cw nhIN hoieAw sI.

ivlIAm bYNitMk

 

ivlIAm bYNitMk dI Aw^rI idnW dI

bwl gMgwDr iqlk

bwl gMgwDr iqlk (23.7.1856 – 1.8.1920) dw jnm iek bRwhmx pirvwr ivc kySv gMgwDr vjoN rqnigrI (mhwrwStr) ivc hoieAw sI[ pVHweI ^qm krn mgroN auh AiDAwpn dy nwl-nwl isAwsq dy Kyqr ivc vI iTlH ipAw sI[ QVHy icr mgroN aus ny AiDAwpn C`f ky „mrwTw‟ (AMgRyzI) Aqy „kysrI‟ (mrwTI) pqrW rwhIN lokW ivc jwgRqI pYdw krnI SurU kIqI sI[ aus ny iSvwjI dw jnm auqsv mnwauxw SurU kIqw Aqy ies nUM „kOmI smwroh‟ dw nW dy ky pRcwr SurU kr id`qw sI[ ies dOrwn, sMn 1896 ivc, jd pUnw ivc plyg PYlI qW ies ny srkwr dI AxgihlI dI zbrdsq Awlocnw kIqI sI[ ies nwl srkwr dy i^lw& iek zbdsq lihr SurU ho geI sI[ ies ‟qy srkwr ny ies nUM lokW nUM BVkwaux dw doS lw ky fyF swl kæYd dI szw id`qI sI[ irhweI mgroN ies ny „svrwj‟ dw nwArw lwauxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ sMn 1905 ivc bMgwl dI vMf dw ies ny ft ky ivroD kIqw sI[ sMn 1907 ivc kWgrs pwrtI ivc nrm dl qy grm dl dy i^AwlW vwilAW ivc Pu`t pY geI sI[ iqlk grm dlIAW dw lIfr mMinAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ audoN bwl gMgwDr iqlk, gopwl ikSn goKly Aqy lwjpq rwey iqMn jxy grm dlIAW dI Awvwz mMny jWdy sn[ sMn 1907 ivc hI jdoN pMjwb ivc ikswnW dI lihr SurU hoeI qW AjIq isMG qy lwl lwjpq rwey nUM kæYd kr ky mWflw (brmw) ivc Byj id`qw igAw sI[ ies smyN lwlw lwjpq rwey Aqy gopwl ikRSn goKly ny ibRitS srkwr nUM ^qW rwhIN Awpxy Awp nUM grm i^AwlIAW qoN vKry swibq krn dw zor lwieAw qW bwl gMgwDr iqlk ny ienHW dI zrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI sI[ ies mgroN lwlw lwjpq rwey qW iblkul fr igAw sI (auh hux isAwsq nwloN AwrIAw smwj dw kMm vDyry krn lg ipAw sI)[ auDr gopwl ikRSn goKly vI nrm ho igAw sI (19 &rvrI 1915 dy idn goKly dI mOq ho geI sI)[ sMn 1909 ivc srkwr ny „bZwvq‟ dy doS lw ky bwl gMgwDr iqlk nUM iPr igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[ kwiedy-Awzm muhMmd AlI ijnwh ny aus dw kys liVAw sI, pr ies dy bwvjUd AMgRyz j`j ny iqlk nUM 6 swl kæYd dI szw dy ky mWflw (brmw) ivc Byj id`qw sI[ ie`Qy jd aus dI ishq ivgV geI sI qW aus nUM jUn 1914 ivc irhw kr id`qw igAw sI[

sMn 1916 ivc aus ny „hom rUl lIg‟ sMsQw kwiem kIqI sI[ aus ny nwArw id`qw sI: “AwzwdI myrw h`k hY Aqy mYN ies nUM lY ky rhWgw”[ ies vyly qk AMgRyz srkwr mohn dws krm cMd gWDI nUM Bwrq ilAw cukI sI[ aus ny AihMsw dw nwArw lw ky lokW ivc grm dlIAW dw ivroD SurU kr id`qw sI[ sMn 1919 ivc AMgRyz srkwr ny AYkt bxw ky Bwrq ivc isAwsI pRbMD SurU kIqw qW ies ny ies dw ivroD kIqw sI Aqy dsMbr 1919 dy kWgrs iejlws ivc „pUrn svrwj‟ dw nwArw id`qw[ pr, ies qoN QoVHy hI smyN mgroN aus dI mOq ho geI sI[ bwl gMgwDr iek mUlvwdI ihMdU AwgU sI[ rwm rwj dw nwArw lwaux vwlw auh pihlw ihMdU AwgU sI[ auh rwmwnuj Aqy Awid SMkrwcwrX dI i&lws&I dw v`fw pRcwrk sI[ iqlk AOrqW Aqy ACUqW nUM hkUk dyx dw vI ivroDI sI[ auh zwq pwq ivc vI ivSvws rKdw sI[ auh cwhuMdw sI ik ihMd nUM vydW, rwmwiex Aqy gIqw dy &ls&y hyT clwieAw jwey[ rwStr soiem syvk sMG dw shI ArQW ivc bwnI auh sI.

bwl gMgwDr iqlk

puSpw dyvI, rwxI

rwxI puSpw rwjw jY isMh imrzw dI byZm Aqy kMvr rwm isMh dI mwqw sI[mOjUdw gurduAwrw bMglw swihb aunHW dw bMglw/mihl sI[ mwrc 1664 ivc jdoN gurU hirikSn swihb AOrMgzyb dy s`dy ’qy id`lI gey sn qW auh ies dy bMgly ivc hI Tihry sn[ ies sbMD ivc kuJ swKIkwrW ny iek khwxI GVI hoeI hY ik rwxI puSpw ny golIAW vwly kpVy pw r`Ky sn qW jo auh gurU jI dI Azmq dI prK kr sky[ iesy smyN hI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI pUrb dy dOry qoN prqidAW id`lI ruky sn; auh vI rwxI puSpw nUM imly sn[ iPr nvMbr 1665 ivc jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM Dmqwn qoN igR&qwr kr ky AOrMgzyb kol id`lI ivc pyS kIqw igAw sI qW irhweI mgroN auh vI rwxI puSpw nUM imly sn[ 20 jUn 1670 dy idn jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr jI pUrb dy dUjy dOry mgroN pMjwb prqy sn qW auh BweI kilAwxw dI Drmswlw ivc Tihry sn[ ies smy rwxI puSpw AwpxI nUMh (kMvr rwm isMh imrzw dI pqnI) nUM nwl lY ky gurU jI nUM imlx vwsqy geI sI[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn ShId kIqw igAw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik aus vkq qk rwxI puSpw dI mOq ho cukI hovygI, vrnw ies smyN auh zrUr koeI rol Adw krdI. hor vyKo: jY isMh imrzw, rwm isMh imrzw.

pUrn, Bgq

pMjwbI ik`sw kwiv muqæwibkæ pUrn Swilvwhnkot (isAwlkot) dy rwjy Swilvwhn Aqy rwxI ie`CrW dw pu`qr sI[ mgroN rwjy ny lUxW nW dI iek nOjvwn kuVI nwl ivAwh kr ilAw sI[ jvwn lUxW dw mn pUrn ’qy Aw igAw sI, pr jd pUrn ny mqyeI mW dI kwm ie`Cw pUrI nw kIqI qw aus ny aultw aus ’qy doS lw ky aus nUM szw idvw id`qI sI[ aus dy h`Q pYr v`F ky aus nUM KUh ivc su`t id`qw sI[ XogI gorK nwQ jdoN auDroN lMiGAw qW aus ny KUh ivc Awvwz sux ky pUrn nUM KUh ivcoN k`iFAw sI[ ies mgroN pUrn Awp vI XogI bx igAw sI[ keI swl mgroN auh Gr priqAw qW mW nUM imilAw[ mW aus dy duK ivc ro-ro ky AMnHI ho cukI sI pr pu`qr dI Awvwz sx ky aus nUM pCwx ilAw sI[ ies ik`sy dy keI rUp pRcl`q hn[ hIr-rWJw Aqy hor ik`sw-kwiv dy pwqrW vW| ies imQhwsk khwxI dI Xwdgwr vI bxI hoeI hY[ isAwlkot qoN qkrIbn Cy iklomItr dUr Bgq pUrn dI smwD bxI hoeI hY; ies dy nwl auh KUh vI hY ijs ivc aus nUM su`itAw igAw sI[ ieh KUh bwry ieh pRcwr kIqw hoieAw hY ik jy iksy AOrq dy b`cw pYdw nw huMdw hovy qW ies KUh dw pwxI pIx nwl aus AOrq dy AOlwd pYdw ho jWdI hY.

pUrn isMG, pRo.

pRo. pUrn isMG (17.2.1881 – 31.3.1931), pu`qr krqwr isMG AwhlUvwlIAw Aqy mwqw prmw dyvI, dw jnm ipMf slh`d (izlHw AYbtwbwd, hux izlHw Atk) ivc hoieAw sI[ bwrHvIN jpwq pws krn mgroN auh kYimstrI dI pVHweI krn vwsqy jpwn igAw sI[ au~Qy aus dw myl iek boDI iBkSU aukwkUrw nwl hoieAw sI Aqy auh iek boDI iBkSu bx igAw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN aus dw myl vydWqI swDU suAwmI rwm qIrQ nwl hoieAw sI[ pUrn isMG aus dy Asr hyTW Aw ky vydWq m`q dw pRsMsk bx igAw sI[ sMn 1903 ivc auh pMjwb priqAw qW aus ny kys ktvw ley sn Aqy Bgvy kpVy pw ky swDU bx igAw sI[ sMn 1904 ivc aus dI SwdI hoeI sI[

iesy swl aus nUM ivktorIAw fwiemMf jublI ihMdU tYknIkl ieMstIicaUt lwhOr dw ipRMsIpl lw id`qw igAw sI[ ie`QyN aus dw myl mShUr Swier qy i&lws&r A`lwmw iekbwl Aqy fwktr ^udwdwd nwl hoieAw sI[ ienHW iqMnW ivc bhuq nyVqw bx geI sI[ nvMbr 1906 ivc auh fyhrwdUn dy nyVy ipMf foeIvwlw clw igAw sI Aqy au~Qy swbx bxwaux dI &YktrI lw leI sI[ ApRYl 1907 ivc auh &orYst rIsrc ieMstIicaUt ivc nOkrI krn lg ipAw sI, ij`Qy auh 1918 qk nOkrI krdw irhw sI[ sMn 1912 ivc iek vwr auh pMjwb AwieAw sI[ ies dOrwn aus dw myl BweI vIr isMG nwl hoieAw sI[ vIr isMG dI sMgq ivc aus ny mihsUs kIqw ik aus ny is`K Drm C`f ky bhuq ZlqI kIqI hY[ aus ny hux iPr kys r`K ley sn[ aus ny AwpxI ies hwlq: kys k`tx nUM ‘lokI AwKx mr igAw hW mYN’, Aqy muV kys r`Kx nUM ‘lokIN AwKx jI ipAw hW mYN’ nUM do kivqwvW ivc ibAwn kIqw hY[ drAsl pUrn isMG bhuq jzbwqI, ^uddwr Aqy bycYn rUh sI[ auh CyqI hI dUijAW dy Asr hyT Aw jWdw sI[ jy ikqy auh A`lwmw iekbwl dy nyVy izAwdw rih igAw huMdw qW aus ny muslmwn vI bx jwxw sI[[ pUrn isMG ny bhuq jgh Aqy keI pRwjYktW ivc kMm kIqw sI[ aus dw Aw^rI kMm sMn 1926 ivc nwnkwxw swihb kol c`k 73 ivc roSw Gwh lwaux dw pRwjYkt sI[ sMn 1928 ivc hVH Awaux kr ky aus dI swrI Psl qbwh ho geI sI[ ies dy nwl hI kuJ smyN qoN aus nUM qpidk dI bImwrI ny Gyr ilAw hoieAw sI jo jwn-lyvw swibq hoeI sI[

pRo pUrn isMG ny bhuq swrIAW kivqw Aqy lyKW dIAW ikqwbW dI rcnw vI kIqI sI: (pMjwbI)

KulHy lyK, KulHy mYdwn, KulHy GuMf, KulHy AsmwnI rMg, is`KI dw pRyrxw sroq vwlt ivtmYn; (AMgRyzI): d siprt Aw& d ErIAYNtl poietrI, siprt bOrn pIpl, isstrz Aw& d sipMinMg vIlH, AnsMg bIfz, d bu`k Aw& d tY~n mwstrz, d siprt Aw& d is`Kz[ aus ny mShUr AMgRyzI kvI vwly ivtmYn dI kwiv rcnw ‘lIvz Aw& grws’ dw pMjwbI kivqw ivc ‘Gwh dIAW p`qIAW’ nW hyT KulHw qrjmw vI kIqw sI.

pRo. pUrn isMG sMn 1900 ivc tokIE (jpwn). bYiTAW ivcoN ivckwrlw

pRo. pUrn isMG boDI iBkSU

pRo. pUrn isMG vydWqI

pUrn isMG, Bgq

Bgq pUrn isMG (4.6.10904 – 5.8.1992), pu`qr BweI iS`bU m`l, dw jnm ipMf rwjyvwl (nyVy KMnw, izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dy mwipAW ny aus dw nW rwmjI dws r`iKAw sI[ cOdW swl dI aumr ivc auh &qihgVH swihb ivc Coty swihbzwidAW dy joV myly ’qy igAw sI Aqy ies Xwqrw ny aus dI izMdgI bdl ky r`K id`qI sI[ aus ny is`KI Dwrn krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN auh lwhOr clw igAw sI Aqy gurduAwrw fyhrw swihb ivc mhMq qyjw isMG nwl iml ky sMgq dI syvw ivc ruJ igA sI[ Agsq 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf mgroN auh lwhOr qoN AMiMmRqsr Aw igAw sI Aqy Apwhj ipAwrw isMG nwl iek ri&aUjI kYNp ivc irhw sI (auh ipAwrw isMG dI sMn 1934 qoN syvw kr irhw sI)[ Agly ds swl auh ipAwrw isMG nUM nwl lY ky ibnw Awsry qoN idn k`tdw irhw sI[ hOlI-hOlI aus dy duAwly hor Apwhj qy AnwQ vI ie`kTy ho gey sn[

sMn 1958 ivc aus ny ‘ipMglvwVw’ dI SurUAwq kIqI sI ij`Qy aus ny Apwhj Aqy byshwrw lokW dI syvw krnI SurU kr id`qI sI[ hOlI-hOlI ieh bhuq vwfI sMsQw bxdw igAw sI[ aus ny 47 swl ies sMsQw nUM clwieAw sI[ Bwrq srkwr ny aus nUM pdm SRI dw AYvwrf id`qw sI, jo aus ny jUn 1984 ivc drbwr swihb ’qy hmly dy ros vjoN vwips kr id`qw sI[ gurU nwnk XUnIvristI ny aus dI Xwd ivc ‘Bgq pUrn isMG cyAr’ kwiem kIqI sI[ sMn 2004 ivc Bwrq srkwr ny aus dI Xwd ivc iek fwk itkt vI jwrI kIqI sI.

Bgq pUrn isMG qy ipAwrw isMG

Bgq pUrn isMG dI Xwd ivc fwk itkt

pMjwb isMG nwnkwxw

pMjwb isMG (1870- 20.2.1921), pu`qr BweI pwhU isMG qy mwqw Bwn kOr, dw jnm ipMf inzwmpur (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh Ajy Cotw hI sI ik aus dI SwdI kr id`qI geI sI[ aus dy Gr pMj b`icAW ny jnm ilAw sI[ ies mgroN aus dI pqnI dI mOq ho geI sI[ b`cy Coty hox kr ky aus nUM dUjI SwdI krnI peI sI; ies qoN vI aus dy Gr iek pu`qr ny jnm ilAw sI[ pMjwb isMG Dwrimk ibrqI vwlw is`K sI qy auh smwgmW ivc ih`sw lYNdw rihMdw sI[ &rvrI 1921 ivc jdoN lCmx isMG DwrovwlI ny nwnkwxw swihb j`Qw iljwx dw &Yslw kIqw sI qW ies dy Coty Brw ny j`Qy ivc jwx vwsqy Awpxw nW ilKw idqw sI qy DwrovwlI nUM clw igAw sI[ jdoN ies nUM ieh pqw l`gw qW ieh vI aus dy ip`Cy clw igAw sI Aqy jQy ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ 20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN j`Qw nwnkwxw swihb pu`jw qW mhMq nrYxU ny Aqy aus dy ilAWdy guMifAW ny jQy dy swry mYNbrW nUM kql kr id`qw sI. q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw.

pMjwb isMG nlvw

pMjwb isMG hrI isMG nlvw dw pu`qr sI[ auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc iek jrnYl sI[ aus nUM mhwrwjw ny jwgIr id`qI hoeI sI[ jdoN lwhOr drbwr Aqy AMgRyzW ivc sMn 1845-46 Aqy 1848-49 ivc lVweIAW hoeIAW qW ies ny iksy p`K dw swQ nhIN id`qw sI, ies kr ky AMgryzW ny ies dI jwgIr zbq nhIN kIqI sI[ ies dI mOq sMn 1854 ivc hoeI sI.

pMjwb isMG GrjwK

pMjwb isMG, ipMf GrjwK (izlHw gujrWvwlw) dy iek SwhUkwr, Swm isMG dw pu`qr sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh &qh isMG kwilAW vwlw dI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ &qh isMG dI mOq mgroN auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oj dw ih`sw bx igAw sI Aqy AwpxI imhnq sdkw aus dw iek muKI jrnYl bx igAw sI[ mhwrwjw ny aus nUM &qhpur (izlHw AMimRqsr) dI jwgIr dy id`qI sI[ pMjwb isMG ny mulqwn dI lVweI (sMn 1818) ivc bhuq bhwdrI idKweI sI, ijs qoN ^uS ho ky mhwrwjw ny aus nUM hor jwgIr dy id`qI sI[ pr aus dI mOq mgroN mhwrwjw ny aus dI jwgIr zbq kr leI sI; aus vyly aus dw pu`qr Ajy bwlZ nhIN sI hoieAW.

pMjwb kOr

ieh rwm rwie (pu`qr gurU hir rwie swihb) dI dUjI pqnI sI[ ieh rwm rwie nwl Kurv`DI (hux fuhrwdUn) ivc rihMdI sI[ 4 sqMbr 1687 dy idn rwm rwie dI mOq ho geI sI[ pMjwb kOr dw kihxw sI ik rwm rwie nUM aus dy kuJ msMdW (ijnHW dw muKI id`lI dw gurb^S sI) ny byhoSI dI hwlq ivc mwr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN ienHW msMdW ny fyry ’qy kbzw krn vwsqy pMjwb kOr nUM vI qMg krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ ies ny gurU goibMd isMG jI nUM pYZwm Byj ky aunHW qoN mdd mMgI sI (gurU jI aus smyN pwauNtw ivc rih rhy sn)[ gurU jI ny msMdW nUM szwvW id`qIAW[ msMd gurb^S au~QoN B`j ky bc igAw sI[ auh is`Dw sRIngr igAw Aqy gVHvwl dy rwjy &qh Swh dy kMn Bry sn[ &qh Swh ny &Oj lY ky gurU jI ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy pwauNtw v`l kUc kr id`qw sI[ is`K &OjW ny BMgwxI Aw ky aus dw rwh rok ky aus nUM zbrdsq hwr id`qI sI[ gurU jI pMjwb kOr nUM imlx vwsqy do vwr Kurv`DI gey sn: sMn 1687 ivc Aqy iPr sMn 1694 ivc[ pMjwb kOr dI mOq ivswK sudI 4, sMmq 1798 (8 ApRYl 1741) dy idn hoeI sI[ aus dI mOq ip`CoN ies fyry nUM aUDo dws (jo audwsI bwlU hsnw dw cylw sI) ny sMBwl ilAw sI.

pMj murId

auh pMj muslmwn ijnHW ny gurU goibMd isMG jI nUM mwCIvwVw qoN sur`iKAq k`Fx vwsqy, aunHW nUM ‘au~c dw pIr’ dy Bys ivc, aunHW dw plMG mwCIvwVw qoN dInw ipMf qk Awpxy moiFAW ’qy auTwieAw sI[ ienHW nUM is`K ieiqhws ivc ‘pMj murId’ kih ky Xwd kIqw igAw hY; ieh pMj sn: hwjI crwZ dIn (Ajnyr), ienwieq AlI (nUrpur), kwzI pIr muhMmd (sloh), subyg Swh (hlvwrw) Aqy hsn AlI (moTU mwjrw)[ is`K kOm ienHW pMjW dw iehæswn kdy nhIN Bu`l skdI.