Archives: Sikhs Biographies Punjabi

syvw isMG TIkrIvwlw

BweI syvw isMG (1882 – 20.1.1935) dw jnm BweI dyvw isMG dy Gr ipMf TIkrIvwlw ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny Awpxw pihlw smW ipMf ivc hI ibqwieAw[ 1911 ivc auh isMG sBw lihr dw ih`sw bx igAw Aqy aus ny smwijk kwrvweIAW ivc ih`sw lYxw SurU kr id`qw[ 1812 ivc aus ny ipMf ivc iek gurduAwrw vI bxwauxw SurU kIqw[ 1920 ivc jd gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI qW auh ies dw Atu`t AMg bx igAw[ 1923 ivc jd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl nUM ZYr kwnUnI krwr id`qw igAw qW hor AwgUAW dy nwl aus nUM vI igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ aus nUM 1926 ivc irhw kIqw igAw[ pr irhweI qoN mgro pitAwlw dy rwjy BUipMdrw isMG ny aus nUM iPr igR&qwr kr ilAw qy swFy iqMn swl kYd dI szw suxweI[ aus ny jUn 1929 ivc jylH ivc Bu`K hVqwl SurU kr id`qI pr rwjy BUipMdrw isMG ny aus dI koeI prvwh nw kIqI[ ies ’qy 23 julweI 1930 dy idn AkwlI dl ny aus dI irhweI vwsqy morcw lwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ies smyN kuJ AkwlI AwgUAW ny rwjy BUipMdrw isMG nUM smJw-buJw ky syvw isMG nUM irhw krvw ilAw[

rwjy BUipMdrw isMG ny 2 nvMbr 1930 dy idn syvw isMG nUM Pyr igR&qwr kr ilAw qy ds swl kYd Aqy ds hzwr rupY jurmwny dI szw suxweI[ pr aus ny 12 mwrc 1931 dy idn irhw kr id`qw[ sMn 1932 ivc rwjy BUipMdrw isMG ny syvw isMG nUM iPr igR&qwr krn dw hukm dy id`qw qy iqMn mhIny kYd r`iKAw[ ies mgroN rwjy BUipMdrw isMG ny 24 Agsq 1933 dy idn aus nUM Pyr igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ies vwr aus nUM A`T swl kYd dI szw suxweI[ syvw isMG ny 18 ApRYl 1934 dy idn Bu`K hVqwl SurU kr leI[ jylH ivc aus nUM jbrI ^urwk id`qI geI[ ies nwl aus dI ishq ivgV geI qy auh cVHweI kr igAw[ rwjy BUipMdr isMG nUM Asl ivc aus ’qy isr& ieh gu`sw sI ik auh aus dI ADInqw kbUl ikauN nhIN krdw[

syvw isMG TIkrIvwl dI mOq mgroN aus dIAW AsQIAW cwr swl qk pitAwlw dy gurduAwrw inhMgW dI bZIcI ivc peIAW rhIAW[ 1938 ivc jd BUipMdr isMG rwjy dI mOq hoeI qW nvyN rwjy XwdivMdr isMG ny hukm kIqw ik syvw isMG dIAW AsQIAW srkwrI snmwn Aqy &OjI Swn nwl ipMf TIkrIvwlw iljweIAW jwx[ au~Qy hzwrW lokW ny syvw isMG nUM SrDWjlIAW Byt kIqIAW[ BUipMdrw isMG ny syvw isMG dy nwl-nwl s. hrcMd isMG jyjI nwl vI izAwdqI kIqI sI qy aus dI swrI jwiedwd kurk kr ky aus nUM dys inkwlw dy id`qw sI[ aus nUM kw&I smW AMimRqsr ivc (AMgryzI ielwky ivc) rihxw ipAw sI[ mgroN XwdivMdr isMG rwjy ny hrcMd isMG jyjI dI bytI mihMdr kOr nwl SwdI kr ky ies prvwr nwl hoeI izAwdqI dI iek qrIky nwl muAw&I mMg leI sI[ pihlW hrcMd isMG jyjI ny Awpxy byty dw ivAwh syvw isMG TIkrIvwlw dI bytI nwl kr id`qw hoieAw sI[ ieM\ TIkrIvwlw dw irSqw vI SwhI prvwr nwl juV igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

syvw isMG audwnw

BweI syvw isMG BweI jIqw (AjIq) isMG dw pu`qr, BweI rwmw dw poqw Aqy BweI suKIAW mWfn dw pVpoqw sI[ ieh rwTOr rwjpUq ^wndwn nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ ieh prvwr soDrw (izlHHw vzIrwbwd, pwiksqwn) dw rihx vwlw sI[ syvw isMG gurU goibMd isMG jI dI &Oj dw ispwhI sI[ 8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn jd gurU jI (kIrqpur qoN qkrIbn 4 iklomItr dUr) inrmohgVH dI phwVI ’qy qMbU lw ky bYTy hoey sn qW Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj ny gurU swihb ’qy hmlw bol id`qw[ svw pihr dohW pwisAW qoN Gmswx dI lVweI hoeI[ Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj kol golw brUd kw&I sI qy aus dI &Oj dI igxqI vI bhuq sI[ gurU swihb kol igxvyN cuxvyN isMG hI sn[ ies dy bwvjUd isMG sIs qlI ’qy r`K ky lVy[ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry phwVI &OjI mwry gey[ AwpxI hwr vyK ky Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj mYdwn C`f geI[inrmohgVH ’c burI qrHW hwr Kwx mgroN Ajmyr cMd ny srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn nUM gurU swihb dy i^lw& vrqx dI qrkIb bxweI[ aus ny Awpxy vzIr pMifq prmwnMd ƒ srhMd ByijAw[ aus ny vzIr ^wn nUM ^br id`qI ik ies vkq gurU goibMd isMG iek phwVI ’qy qMbU g`f ky bYTy hn qy auh vI QoVHy ijhy is`KW nwl[ ies hwlwq ivc aunHW ’qy hmlw kr ky aunHW nUM ^qm kIqw jw skdw hY[ vzIr ny Ajmyr cMd v`loN ByjI kuJ rkm vI vzIr ^wn nUM ByNt kIqI[ ies ’qy vzIr ^wn ny Awpxy iek jrnYl rusqm ^wn ƒ &Oj dy ky inrmohgVH v`l jwx vwsqy AwK id`qw[ 13 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn rusqm AlI ^wn qy aus dy Brw nwsr AlI ^wn ny &OjW ƒ cwVH ilAWdw[ aunHW ny AwauNidAW hI inrmohgVH dI it`bI qoN QoVI dUr iek hor it`bI (SwhI it`bI) ’qy morcy kwiem kr ley[ plW ivc hI nwsr ^wn ny gurU jI v`l qop dw golw mwirAw[ aus goly nwl gurU jI dw cOr-brdwr BweI rwm isMG kSmIrI ShIdI pw igAw[ gurU swihb ny ausy vyly iSsq bMnH ky AYsw qIr mwirAw ik rusqm ^wn QW ’qy hI mr igAw[ iesy mgroN BweI audY isMG dy qIr nwl nwsr ^wn vI mwirAw igAw[ dohW BrwvW dy mrn mgroN vI muZl &OjW ip`Cy nw htIAW qy Awhmo-swhmxI lVweI hoeI[ Swm qk zbrdsq jMg huMdI rhI[ A^Ir hMB ky muZl &OjW srhMd ƒ vwips muV geIAW[ ies lVweI ivc kuJ is`K vI ShId hoey; ienHW ivc BweI rwm cOrbrdwr qoN ielwvw BweI syvw isMG audwnw qy aus dy Brw mohr isMG qy ihMmq isMG vI Swiml sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Swhbwz isMG qy subyg isMG

Swhbwz isMG (1728-1746) BweI subyg isMG dw bytw sI[ 10 mwrc 1746 (12 cyq sMmq 1802) dy idn lwhOr dy nKws cOk ivc iek hzwr qoN v`D is`K ShId kIqy gey sn[ ienHW ivc BweI Swhbwz isMG qy aus dy ipqw vI Swiml sn, ijnHW ƒ crKVI ‟qy cwVH ky, aunHW dw ijsm noc-noc ky, ShId kIqw igAw sI[ subyg isMG aus vyly TykydwrI dw kMm krdw sI qy Swhbwz isMG, jo isr& 18 swl dw sI, Aqy lwhOr dy &wrsI mkqb ivc pVHweI kr irhw sI[ {lKpq rwey ny aus dy i^lw& ieh prcwr vI kIqw sI ik aus ny mOlvIAW nwl crcw kridAW ieslwm dIAW kuJ g`lW dw KMfn kIqw sI qy mOlvIAW ny &qvw dy ky aus nUM ShId kIqw sI)[ hkIkq ieh hY ik Awpxy Brw jspq rwey dy is`KW h`QoN mwry jwx ‟qy lKpq rwey gu`sy ivc pwZl ho igAw sI[ mwrc 1746 dy pihly h&qy lKpq ny swry is`K dukwndwr, mulwzm qy ikswnW dIAW igR&qwrIAW dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw sI[ iek h&qy ivc hI lKpq v`loN iek hzwr qoN v`D is`K igR&qwr kIqy jw cu`ky sn[ ienHW ivc BweI subyg isMG Aqy aus dw bytw BweI Swhbwz isMG vI Swiml sn[ lKpq rwey ny ienHW swirAW ƒ kql krn vwsqy 10 mwrc 1746 dw idn im`Q idqw sI[ ies idn ihMdUAW dw iqauhwr „somwvqI m`isAw‟ (auh m`isAw ijs idn somvwr vI huMdw hY; ihMdU ies nUM vDyry piv`qr smJdy hn) pYNdw sI[ ies kr ky bhuq swry muKI ihMdUAW ny lKpq nUM iml ky ienHW swirAW ƒ ShId krn qoN rokx dI koiSS kIqI[ ienHW ihMdU muKIAW ivc hyT ilKy isrkrdw bMdy vI Swiml sn: (dIvwn) kOVw m`l, dIvwn sUrq isMh, dIvwn dys rwj, cODrI jvwhr m`l, kujwh m`l, bhwl m`l, hrI rwm, su`KU m`l qy keI hor[ ienHW dI AgvweI lKpq dw Awpxw ausqwd gosweIN jgq-Bgq kr irhw sI[ pr lKpq qW is`KW vwsqy n&rq dI A`g ivc eynw m`c irhw sI ik aus ny iksy dI vI pRvwh nw kIqI[ hor qW hor aus ny is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw idn mulqvI krn qoN vI nWh kr id`qI[ lKpq ny aunHW nUM ikhw “qusIN qW kI, jy mYnUM r`b vI AwKy qW mYN aus dI prvwh vI nhIN krWgw[” ies ‟qy gosweIN jgq-Bgq ny lKpq nUM ikhw ik qUM AwpxI n&rq dI zihr ivc fub ky hI mr jwvyNgw qy qyry ^wndwn dw nW-inSwn vI bwkI nhIN rhygw[ ieh sux ky vI lKpq nw hitAw[gosweIN jgq-Bgq dI pySIngoeI isr& iek swl ivc hI pUrI ho geI qy lKpq rwey bhuq mwVI mOq mirAw. vyKo: lKpq rwey.

icqRkwr v`loN crKVI ‟qy cwVH ky, ijsm noc-noc ky, ShId krm dw icqRx

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

SwdI isMG, igAwnI

BweI sulyK cMd dy pu`qr SwdI isMG (13.10.1915 – 1980) dw jnm cMfIgVH nyVy buVYl ipMf ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny Awpxw jIvn ipRMitMg pRY~s ivc iek kMpozItr vjoN SurU kIqw sI[ 1930 ivc aus ny bI.ey. pws kIqI qy nwl hI igAwnI Syr isMG dI A^bwr ‘AslI kOmI drd’ dw AYfItr bx igAw[ 1936 ivc auh ‘AkwlI piqRkw’ dw AYfItr bixAw[ 1943 ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny aus nUM is`K imSnrI ivBwg dw ieMcwrj lgw id`qw[ pMjwb dI vMf mgroN auh jlMDr Aw igAw Aqy eyQy ‘AkwlI pqRkw’ dw AYfItr bx igAw, ijhVI syvw aus ny AwpxI mOq qk inBweI[ kuJ smW auh gurduAwrw isMG sBw mwfl twaUn dw pRDwn vI irhw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Swh Awlm

id`lI dy q^q ’qy bYTw iek bwdSwh[ ies dw Asl nW AlI gOhr sI[ ies dw jnm 25 jUn 1728 dy idn AwlmgIr dUjw (Asl nW AzIzudIn, jo jhWdwr Swh dw pu`qr qy bhwdr Swh dw poqw sI) dy Gr hoieAw sI[ mrh`itAW ny Aihmd Swh du`rwnI nUM pwnIpq ivc hrwaux mgroN, bwdSwh Swh jhwn dUjw nUM htw ky 19 AkqUbr 1760 dy idnies nUM q^q ’qy bYTwieAw sI[ ieh isr& nwm inhwd dw bwdSwh sI[ Asl qwkq mrh`itAW kol sI[ 22 AkqUbr 1764 dy idn hoeI bksr dI lVweI ivc ieh bMgwl dy nvwb mIr kwism, AvD dy nvwb SujwaudOlw nwl rl ky eIst ieMfIAw kMnI (brqwnvI) dy i^lw& liVAw qy hwr igAw[ nqIjy vjoN aus nUM bMgwl (ijs ivc audoN ibhwr qy aufIsw vI Swiml sn) dI dIvwnI AMgryzW nUM dyxI peI[ ies smyN dOrwn auh id`lI vI nw muV sikAw qy aus nUM Alwhwbwd ivc eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dy cI& vwrn hysitMgz dy iklHy ivc rihxw ipAw[ ies mgroN auh mrh`itAW dy h`Qy cVH igAw qy auh aus nUM jnvrI 1772 ivc id`lI lY Awey[ies dOrwn is`K imslW ny id`lI ’qy iqMn vwr (1772, 1778 qy 1783 ivc) hmlw kIqw[ 1783 ivc is`KW ny, j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw qy bGyl isMG qIs hzwrI dI AgvweI ivc hmlw kIqw Aqy lwl iklHy ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw; pr auh au~Qy Tihry nhIN[ Agsq 1788 ivc auh Zulwm kwidr ruhyly dy h`Q cVH igAw ijs ny ies ’qy zulm FwieAw qy ies dIAW A`KW vI k`F id`qIAW[ aus dI mOq 19 nvMbr 1806 dy idn hoeI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Swh BIK (pIr BIKx Swh)

pIr BIKx Swh (jo Swh BIK vjoN vDyry mShUr sI) dw jnm SXd muhMmd XUs& dy Gr ipMf isAwxw sXdW (izlHw kurUkSyqr) iphovw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr) ivc 28 nvMbr 1636 dy idn (9 rjb 1046 ihjrI) hoieAw sI[ irvwieq hY ik jd auh jvwn hoieAw qW auh shwrnpur dy SY^ Abul muAwlI (jo AMbytw, shwrnpur ivc rihMdw sI) dw Swigrd bx igAw[ kuJ icr mgroN auh GuVwm (izlHw pitAwlw), jo iek v`fw ngr sI (qy kdy kuqbdIn AYbk dI rwjDwnI irhw sI) ivc Aw ky rihx lg ipAw[ mgroN auh ipMf Tskw mIrW jI (izlHw kurUkSyqr ivc, iphovw qoN 3, kurUkSyqr qoN 20 iklomItr dUr) ivc Aw ky rihx lg ipAw sI[ aus bwry is`K irvwieq ivc iek khwxI pRclq hY ik jd gurU goibMd isMG jI dw jnm hoieAw qW ies pIr ny (kwAbw, m`kw dI bjwie) ptnw v`l mUMh kr ky sjdw kIqw[ iPr auh bwl gurU jI dy drSn krn vwsqy ptnw igAw[ aus vyly gurU jI iqMn swl (iek hor irvwieq Anuswr 21 idn) dy sn[ pIr ny aunHW A`gy imTweI dIAW do mtkIAW rK id`qIAW ijnHW qoN auh pqw krnw cwhuMdw sI ik gurU jI ihMdU mtkI ’qy h`Q r`Kxgy jW muslmwn mtkI ’qy, qW jo pqw l`gy ik gurU ikhVy Drm dw p`K lvygw [ bwl gurU ny dohW mtkIAW ’qy h`Q rK id`qw [ ijs dw pIr ny ArQ ilAw ik gurU ihMdU qy muslm dohW dw ‘sWJw pIr’ hovygw[ ieh khwxI pIr BIKx Swh dy gurU jI ivc isdk vwsqy bxweI geI sI ikauNik pIr gurU jI dw bhuq pRsMsk sI qy aunHW nUM imlx vwsqy keI vwr AnMdpur AwieAw vI sI[ BIKx Swh dI gurU jI nwl pihlI mulwkwq gurU jI dy mwmy imhr cMd suiB`KI dy Gr ipMf lKnOr (izlHw AMbwlw) ivc Agsq 1672 ivc hoeI sI[ Tskw ipMf nUM hux Tskw mIrW jI kihMdy hn Aqy aus dI drgwh ’qy hzwrW lok sjdw krn AwauNdy hn[ kuJ lok ZlqI nwl BIKx Swh nUM Bgq BIKx (1480-1573), ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc hY, nwl rl-g`f kr dyNdy hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 Swh husYn

SY^ ausmwn dy pu`qr Swh husYn (1538-1591) dw jnm lwhOr ivc hoieAw sI[ auh iek au~c drjy dw sU&I kvI sI[ aus nUM kwiv-rUp kw&I ilKx dy moFIAW ivcoN igixAw jWdw hY[ aus ny bhuq swrIAW kw&IAW ilKIAW ijnHW nUM qkrIbn hr iek v`fy gwiek ny gwieAw hY[

Swh husYn dw iek bRwhmx lVky mwDo dws nwl ipAwr j`g jwxI g`l hY[ ies ipAwr kwrn lok aus lVky nUM (jW ies joVI nUM) mwDo lwl husYn ikhw krdy sn[ Swh husYn nUM lok ipAwr nwl drvyS bwdSwh vI ikhw krdy sn[ Swh husYn dw mzwr „drbwr mwDo lwl husYn‟ dy nW hyT lwhOr ivc bwZbwnpurw (nyVy SwlImwr bwZ) ivc bixAw hoieAw hY (mwDo lwl dI smwD vI aus dy nwl hI bxI hoeI hY.

Swh husYn dw ayurs hr swl „mylw icrwZW‟ dy nW ‟qy mnwieAw jWdw hY[

Swh husYn bwry iek g`p khwxI vI pRclq hY ik jd gurU Arjn swihb „gurU gRMQ swihb‟ dw srUp iqAwr kr rhy sn qW auh Awpxw klwm lY ky, kwnHw Bgq qy horW dy nwl, gurU jI kol hwzr hoieAw[ gurU jI nUM aus ny “cu`p vy AiVAw…” vwlI rcnw suxweI qW gurU jI ny cu`p rhy qy koeI it`pxI nw id`qI, pr aus dI koeI rcnw gRMQ ivc Swiml nw kIqI[ ieh iek kwlpink khwxI hY qy AijhI koeI Gtnw nhIN sI hoeI[ ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik Swh husYn bhuq au~c kotI dw Swier sI qy aus dw klwm A`j qk lokW dI smwijk qy rUhwnI izMdgI ivc rol Adw kr irhw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

SwhjhW

Akbr dw poqw qy jhWgIr dw pu`qr Swh jhwn (5.1.1592 – 9.5.1666), joDpur dy rwjw audY isMh dI bytI jgq goswienI (ijs nUM joDpur dI hox kr ky joDw bweI vI kihMdy sn) dI ku`K qoN lwhOr ivc pYdw hoieAw sI[ aus dw bcpn dw nW Shwbu`dIn muhMmd Ku`rm sI[ jhWgIr dI mOq mgroN auh 19 jnvrI 1628 dy idn ivc q^q ’qy bYiTAw sI[ 1658 ivc jd auh bImwr pY igAw qW aus dy pu`qr AOrMgzyb ny 31 julweI 1658 dy idn aus nUM Awgrw iklHy ivc kYd kr ky q^q ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ aus dI mOq iklHy ivc kYd dorwn hI hoeI sI[ aus ny 30 swl 6 mhIny 13 idn hkUmq kIqI[ aus dy rwj dI Awmdn 23 kroV rupY swlwnw sI[ dunIAW Br dw mShUr ‘kohynUr hIrw’ (audoN vzn 3 qol 4 mwsy) muZl ^zwny ivc ies dy vyly hI AwieAw sI (ijs nUM mIr jumlw ny Byt kIqw sI)[ Swh jhwn qvwrI^ ivc eImwrqW bxwaux kwrn mShUr hY[ aus ny id`lI ivc lwl iklHw qy jwmw msijd, lwhOr ivc SwlImwr bwZ, jhWgIr dw mkbrw, SwhjhwnI msijd, vzIr ^wn dI msijd, moqI msijd, mhwbq ^wn dI msijd vZYrw bxwey sn[ Awgrw qy lwhOr dy ikilHAW Aqy srhMd (hux &qihgVH swihb) dy Awm ^ws bwZ ivc vI aus ny nvyN vwDy kIqy sn[ aus ny Awpxy bYTx vwsqy q^qy qwaUs vI bxvwieAw sI (ies ’qy audoN dw 7 kroV 10 l`K ruipAw ^rc AwieAw sI)[ aus ny AwpxI byZm ArjumMd bwno (1593-7.7.1631), ijs nUM mumqwj mhl vjoN vDyry jwixAw jWdw hY, dI Xwd ivc qwj mihl (1632-1654) vI bxvwieAw (ies ’qy audoN dw 4 kroV 50 l`K ruipAw ^rc AwieAw sI), jo Aj dunIAW dIAW mShUr QWvW ivcoN iek hY[ mumqwj mh`l dI mOq burhwnpur ivc hoeI sI qy au~Qy hI aus nUM, zYnwbwd ivc, d&n kIqw igAw sI[ mgroN aus dI lwS nUM Awgrw ilAw ky qwj mihl vwlI kbr ivc d&nwieAw igAw sI[ mgroN Swh jhwn nUM vI aus dI kbr dy nwl hI d&nwieAw igAw sI[

Swh jhwn dy bwp jhWgIr ny gurU Arjn swihb nUM 1605 ivc ShId kIqw sI qy mgroN 1613 ivc grU hrgoibMd swihb nUM gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kYd kIqw sI[ 1618 ivc jhWgIr ny vzIr ^wn (cinEt vwlw) dy rwhIN aus ny is`KW nwl suKwvyN sbMD bxw ley sn qy gurU jI nUM irhw kr id`qw sI[ jhWgIr dI mOq mgroN muZl drbwr dy is`KW nwl sbMD pihlW vW| qW nw rhy pr vDyry tkrwA nhIN hoieAw[ lwhor dw sUbydwr qy srhMd dy &Ojdwr injI qOr ’qy is`KW nwl tkrwA zrUr krdy rhy[ gurU jI v`loN Swh jhwn dw bwz nw moVn kr ky lVweI dw hoxw JUTI khwxI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Swh muhMmd

Swh muhMmd AMimRqsr vwsI pMjwbI dw iek vDIAw swier sI[ aus dI rcnw ‘jMgnwmw is`KW qy &rMgIAW’ pMjwbI swihb ivc iek Aihm QW rKdI hY[ ies ivc aus ny lwhOr drbwr Aqy AMgryzW dIAW lVweIAW, Aqy ies dOrwn fogirAW Aqy imSrw bRwhmx drbwrIAW dIAW swizSW dy nwl- nwl is`K &OjW dI bhwdrI dI kmwl dI pySkwrI kIqI hY[ ieh rcnw ij`Qy au~c kotI dw swihq hY auy~Qy iek (iek do nukiqAW nUM C`f ky) qvwrI^ dI bhuq kImqI jwxkwrI nwl BrI hoeI hY[ Swh muhMmd AwpxI ies ilKq qoN, iek muslmwn hox dy bwvjUd, iek inrp`K pMjwbI qy shI ArQW ivc pMjwb dw kOmI kvI AKvwaux dw h`kdwr hY.

swh muhMmd dw iek klipq icqr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Swh nvwz ^wn

ieh lwhOr dy sUbydwr zkrIAw ^wn dw pu`qr sI (aus dw Asl nW hXwqulw ^wn sI, (ies nUM Swh nvwz ^wn dw i^qwb nwdr Swh ny mdd krn bdly 1739 ivc idqw sI)[ zkrIAw ^wn pihlI julweI 1745 dy idn mr igAw[ ies vyly zkrIAw ^wn dw swlw kmru`dIn id`lI dw vzIr (prweIm minstr) sI[ aus ny zkrIAw dy Brw Kvwjw Abdu`lw nUM sUbydwr bxw id`qw[ Abdu`lw iek lutyrw, T`g, kurpt qy byeImwn S^s sI[ aus ny sUby ivc bVI lu`t mcweI[ ies lu`t kwrn pMjwb ivc ieh AKwx mShUr ho geI sI: “hkUmq nvwb Abdu`lw, nw rhI c`kI nw irhw culHw”[ Abdu`lw qoN kmru`dIn vI duKI ho igAw[ aus ny bwdSwh nUM slwh id`qI ik zkrIAw dy iek pu`qr XwhIAw ^wn nUM lwhOr Aqy dUjy pu`qr Swh invwz ^wn nUM mulqwn dw sUbydwr lw idqw jwvy[ XwhIAw ^wn kmru`dIn dw Awpxw jvweI sI[ XwhIAw ^wn nwl aus dw Brw Swh invwz eynI eIrKw krdw sI ik auh aus dIAW kwrvweIAW dIAW ^brW is`KW nUM phuMcw idAw krdw sI qy ies nwl is`KW dw keI vwr bcwA vI hoieAw sI[ auDr bwdSwh muhMmd Swh rMgIlw ies qu`rwnI ^wndwn nUM ieh dovyN sUby iek`Ty nhIN sI dyxw cwhuMdw[ ies hwlq ivc, srkwrI kwZzW ivc, kmru`dIn hI lwhOr dw kwiem mukwm sUbydwr irhw[ bwdSwh v`loN „hW‟ nw hox dy bwvjUd, kmru`dIn ny cupcwp XwhIAw ^wn nUM lwhOr Byj ky sUbydwrI ‟qy aus dw kbzw krvw idqw[ pr, ies dy nwl hI dohW BrwvW ivc zkrIAw dI jwiedwd vMfx dy svwl ‟qy JgVw KVw ho igAw[ Swh nvwz aus vyly doAwbw dw &Ojdwr sI[ auh &Oj lY ky lwhOr Aw igAw[ XwhIAw ^wn ny aus nUM kuJ nkdI qy kuJ kU hIry-jvwhrwq dy ky trkw idqw qy bwkI sB kuJ Awpxy kol r`K ilAw[ jd Cy mhIny ieM\ hI bIq gey qW bwdSwh ny mihsUs kIqw ik ikauN ik XwhIAw ^wn ny kbzw qW kr hI ilAw hY ies kr ky aus ny 3 jnvrI 1746 nUM lwhOr dw kwiem-mukwm sUbydwr mMn hI ilAw[ bwdSwh ny iPr vI kmru`dIn nUM hI lwhOr dw sUbydwr QwipAw Aqy XwhIAw ^wn nUM aus dw isr& nwieb (ifptI) sUbydwr hI mMinAw[ jd XwhIAw ^wn lwhOr dw rsmI sUbydwr bixAw qW aus dw Brw Swh nvwz ^wn mulqwn ivc sI[ ieDr jd XwhIAw ^wn Aqy lKpq rwey ny A`q cu`k leI qW dIvwn kOVw m`l lwhOr qoN mulqwn clw igAw[ aus ny AwpxI v&wdwrI Swh nvwz ^wn nwl joV leI[ hux dovyN lwhOr ‟qy kbzw krn dI iqAwrI krn lg pey[ pihlW qW Swh invwz ^wn ny sUrq isMh nUM Awpxw ivcolw bxw ky XwhIAw ^wn kol ByijAw Aqy jwiedwd dI shI vMf krn dI mMg kIqI[ pr XwhIAw ^wn ny aus nUM ieh kih ky trkw id`qw ik zkrIAw ^wn ny koeI ^ws dOlq nhIN sI C`fI[ ieh jvwb sux ky Swh invwz ^wn ny lwhOr v`l kUc krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ nvMbr 1746 ivc Swh invwz ^wn dIvwn kOVw m`l, hSmq-au~lw-^wn Aqy Awpxy hor v&wdwr swQIAW smyq kuJ &Oj lY ky lwhOr Aw pu`jw[ aus ny lwhOr Sihr dy bwhr, Swlwmwr bwZ ivc, Awpxy bwp dI kbr dy nyVy, Awpxy qMbU g`f ley[ jlMDr doAwbw dw &Ojdwr AdInw byZ vI aus nwl rl igAw[ hux Swh invwz ^wn ny pYZwm Byj ky XwhIAw ^wn qoN Awpxy ipqw zkrIAw ^wn dI jwiedwd iv`coN Awpxw ih`sw mMigAw[ ies sbMDI kSmkS cwr mhIny cldI rhI pr XwhIAw ^wn trkwauNdw hI irhw[ XwhIAw ^wn nw qW kuJ dyxw cwhuMdw sI qy nw hI lVnw cwhuMdw sI[ iek idn XwhIAw ^wn v`loN moimn ^wn, lKpq rwey, mIr nyAmq ^wn qy AmIn byZ Swh invwz ^wn kol Awey Aqy Cy l`K rupY dI pySkS kIqI[ Swh invwz ^wn ny cwlwkI socI Aqy ieh rkm lY leI pr nwl hI aus ny XwhIAw ^wn dI irAwsq dy kuJ ielwky ‟qy kbzw vI kr ilAw[ aus ny phwVI rwijAW nUM vI hukm Byj id`qy ik auh A`gy qoN mwmlw XwhIAw ^wn dI QW aus nUM idAw krn[ ies ‟qy XwhIAw ^wn vI lVweI vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw[ auDr Swh invwz ^wn dy nwl kOVw m`l, AdInw byZ, hSmqu`lw ^wn vI &OjW lY ky Aw rly[ Swh invwz dI &Oj ny hzrq ieSwn dy mzwr ‟qy morcw lw ilAw[ Swh invwz dI &Oj dI AgvweI AdInw byZ Aqy XwhIAw ^wn dI &Oj dI AgvweI moimn ^wn kr irhw sI[ pihly idn dI lVweI ivc Swh invwz dI ij`q hoeI[ ies mOky ‟qy XwhIAw ^wn dy bhuq swry &OjIAW ny bZwvq vI kr id`qI ikauNik aunHW nUM qn^wh nhIN sI iml rhI[ Swh invwz ny auh bwZI &OjI vI Awpxy nwl rlw ley[ ies mgroN iek hor lVweI hoeI; ies ivc vI Swh invwz dI ij`q hoeI[

13 mwrc 1747 dy idn Swh invwz ^wn dI &Oj lwhOr Sihr ivc dwi^l ho geI qy eId dI nmwz ^qm hox mgroN ies &Oj ny XwhIAw ^wn Aqy aus dy swQIAW ‟qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies hmly ivc XwhIAw ^wn dy bhuq swry swQI mwry gey[ XwhIAw ^wn Awp bVI muSkl nwl bicAw Aqy dOV ky znwn^wny ivc jw luikAw[ Swh invwz ^wn ny aus nUM iesy iemwrq ivc nzrbMd kr idqw Aqy Awp lwhOr dw hwkm bx bYTw[

pihlW-pihl qW Swh invwz Aqy is`KW ivc tkrwA nhIN hoieAw pr jd aus nUM kuJ Awrwm AwieAw qW aus ny vI is`KW dy i^lw& AYkSn SurU kr id`qy[ aus zwlm dirMdy ny vI is`KW ‟qy AMqW dy zulm Fwhy[ aus dy hukmW hyT igR&qwr kIqy is`KW dy aus dy swhmxy iF`f pwV id`qy gey, aunHW dy isr hQOiVAW nwl BMny gey qy aunHW dy isrW iv`coN idmwZ k`F id`qy gey[

ienHW idnW ivc hI iek idn XwhIAw ^wn nzrbMdI iv`coN B`j igAw qy id`lI phuMc igAw[ pr, XwhIAw ^wn ies swrI hwlq qoN eynw Gbrw igAw ik id`lI qooN Awpxy shury, pRweIm minstr, dI &Oj ilAw ky Awpxy Brw qoN hkUmq Kohx dI bjwey, aus ny dunIAWdwrI qoN AwzwdI hwisl kr ky iek „drvyS‟ vwlI izMdZI ibqwauxI SurU kr idqI qy isAwsq qoN iblkul hI iknwrw kr ilAw[ aus ny AwpxI izMdZI dy Aw^rI idn iesy drvySI ivc &rU^wbwd ivc ibqwey (qy auh au~Qy hI mirAw)[ auDr jd XwhIAw ^wn nzrbMdI coN B`j igAw qW Swh invwz nUM fr Bwsx lg ipAw ik XwhIAw ^wn Awpxy shury kmru`dIn (jo id`lI q^q dw v`fw vzIr sI) nUM swrI ^br dyvygw[ ieh vI XkInI sI ik lwhOr ‟qy jbrI kbzy dI ^br id`lI dy bwdSwh muhMmd Swh nUM vI imlygI[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik bwdSwh dI &Oj aus ‟qy hmlw vI kr dyvy[ ieh soc ky aus ny Aihmd Swh du`rwnI nUM id`lI ‟qy hmlw krn dw s`dw dy idqw[dUjy pwsy Swh invwz ny id`lI dy bwdSwh v`l vI dosqI dw h`Q vDweI r`iKAw[ aus ny 3 sqMbr 1747 dy idn Awpxw numwieMdw id`lI ByijAw pr ies dw koeI nqIjw nw inkilAw[ vzIr kmru`dIn Swh invwz nUM sUbydwr mMnx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI[jd Aihmd Swh dsMbr 1747 ivc pMjwb v`l cl ipAw qW id`lI dy vzIr kmru`dIn ny Swh invwz nwl rwbqw bxwieAw Aqy aus nUM muZlW dw v&wdwr bxn vwsqy smJw ky Aihmd Swh du`rwnI nwl t`kr lYx vwsqy iqAwr kIqw[ hux id`lI dy bwdSwh ny Swh invwz nUM lwhOr dw sUbydwr vI mMn ilAw[ 10 jnvrI 1748 dy idn Aihmd Swh lwhOr nyVy rwvI dirAw dy kMFy ‟qy pu`j igAw[ Agly idn aus dI muZlW &OjW nwl zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc Aihmd Swh dw h`Q aupr irhw[ lVweI hwrn mgroN Swh invwz id`lI B`j igAw[ Aihmd Swh ny lwhOr ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[

1748 qk id`lI dw v`fw vzIr kmr-aud-dIn (mIr mnUU dw bwp) sI[ Aihmd Swh nwl jMg dOrwn hoeI aus dI mOq mgroN s&dr jMg id`lI ivc v`fw vzIr bixAw qy mIr mnUU lwhOr dw sUbydwr[ s&dr jMg mIr mnUU nwl Kwr KWdw sI[ auh aus (mIr mnUU) nUM qMg krn vwsqy koeI mOkw nhIN sI C`fdw[ mIr mnUU ny nwisr ^wn nUM cwr mhl (isAwlkot, psrUr, gujrwq qy AOrMgwbwd) dw &Ojdwr bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ s&dr jMg nwisr ^wn nUM mIr mnUU dy i^lw& BVkwauNdw rihMdw sI[ ausy ny hI Swh invwz nUM mulqwn ‟qy kbzw krn vwsqy ByijAw sI[ swh invwz l`KI jMgl dy rsiqEN mulqwn pu`jw[ 1748 dy A^Ir ivc aus ny mulqwn ‘qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ Swh invwz eyQoN is`KW nUM ^brW Byj ky aunHW nUM mIr mnUU bwry ^u&IAw jwxkwrI dyNdw rihMdw sI[ aus dy dlwl is`KW nUM SwhI &OjW dy AYkSn dI AgwaUN ^br dy idAw krdy sn[ Swh invwz mIr mnUU nUM qMg krn vwsqy swry vsIly vrqdw rihMdw sI[ ies swry qoN mIr mnUU bVw duKI sI[ auh Swh invwz nwl do h`Q krny cwhuMdw sI[ Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dy (dUjy hmly mgroN) vwips muVn qoN CyqI bwAd hI mIr mnUU ny dIvwn kOVw m`l nUM Swh invwz dy i^lw& mulqwn dI muihMm ‟qy Byjx dw &Yslw kIqw[ kOVw m`l ny ies morcy nUM ij`qx vwsqy is`K &OjW qoN mdd mMgI[ j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny kOVw m`l dI mdd krnw mMn ilAw[ pr, ies dy bdly aus ny Awpxy &OjIAW vwsqy pMdrW rupY mhInw qy jQydwrW vwsqy qIh rupY mhInw qn^wh mMgI[ kOVw m`l ny ieh Srq mMn leI Aqy do mhIny dw AYfvWs vI dy idqw[ ieh vI qYA hoieAw ik ies jMg iv`c is`KW v`loN duSmx qoN KoihAw mwl is`KW kol hI rhygw[ ies ‟qy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw qy su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo ds hzwr &OjI lY ky kOVw m`l dI muihMm ivc Swiml hox vwsqy cl pey[ jd is`K &OjW cinEt kol phuMcIAW qW kOVw m`l Awp A`gy ho ky &OjW nUM lYx AwieAw qy iek v`fI dyZ kVwh prSwd iqAwr krvw ky is`KW nUM vrqwieAw[ dUjy pwsy Swh invwz vI pUrI iqAwrI ivc sI[ auh vI &Oj lY ky A`gy viDAw[ dOrwnw qy lMgwnw ipMfW ivckwr dohW iDrW ivc zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ pihlW qW Swh invwz ^wn dy jrnYl Kvwjw Swh ny kOVw m`l dIAW &OjW dw bhuq nukswn kIqw[ pr, lVweI dOrwn iek vwr kOVw m`l Aqy Kvwjw Swh Awhmo-swhmxy Aw gey[ Aijhw jwpdw sI ik Kvwjw Swh kOVw m`l nUM kwbU kr lvygw[ jd is`K &OjW ny dIvwn kOVw m`l nUM iGirAw vyiKAw qW aunHW ny AwpxIAW bMdUkW dw inSwnw Swh invwz ^wn vl swD ilAw[ Swh ny ies nUM qwV ilAw Aqy auh bcx vwsqy ip`Cy v`l muiVAw[ pr ies qoN pihlW ik auh dUr inkl jWdw, iek golI aus nUM Aw l`gI Aqy auh Awpxy GoVy qoN if`g ipAw[ ies qoN pihlW ik Swh invwz ^wn au~T skdw, BIm isMG nW dy iek is`K ny &urqI nwl aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ (dIvwn kOVw m`l ny BIm isMG dy ies kwrnwmy bdly aus nUM do sony dy kVy, iek vDIAw GoVw qy iek sunihrI Fwl eInwm vjoN id`qI)[ Swh invwz ^wn dI mOq mgroN aus dy &OjI mYdwn C`f ky B`j gey[ is`K &OjW ny aunHW dw ip`Cw kr ky aunHW dy GoVy, hiQAwr qy hor kImqI swmwn Koh ilAw pr aunHW nUM ijaUNidAW vwips muVn idqw[ mIr mnUU dy do ^ws swQI, Abdul AzIz ^wn Aqy imrzw Asmq byZ ^wn ies lVweI ivc mwry gey[ dIvwn kOVw m`l ny mwry jw cuky Swh invwz dI lwS sMBwl ky aus nUM Sms qbryz dy mkbry dy kol SwhI rsmW nwl dbw id`qw[ (ieh vI crcw sI ik kOVw m`l ny Swh invwz dw v`iFAw hoieAw isr mIr mnUU nUM Byj id`qw sI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Swh zmwn

Swh zmwn (1770-1844) qImUr Swh dw (pMjvW) pu`qr Aqy Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dw poqw sI[ qImUr dI mOq mgroN pwieMdw ^wn brkzeI dI mdd nwl aus ny Awpxy BrwvW qy hor ivroDIAW nUM hrwieAw Aqy 18 meI 1793 dy idn kwbl dw bwdSwh bixAw[ bwdSwh bxn mgroN aus ny dsMbr 1793 ivc lwhOr vl kUc kIqw, pr ip`Cy bZwvq ho jwx kr ky aus nUM muVnw pY igAw[ aus ny ihMd ’qy keI vwr hmlw kIqw (15 dsMbr 1793, 3 nvMbr 1795, 12 AkqUbr 1796 Aqy sqMbr 1798), pr is`KW ny aus dI pyS nw clx id`qI[qIjy hmly dOrwn Swh zmwn 1 jnvrI 1797 dy idn lwhOr pu`jw[ ies vyly is`K lwhOr C`f ky jw cuky sn; aus ny is`KW dI Bwl ivc iek v`fw j`Qw AMimRqsr ByijAw, ijhVw 11 jnvrI dy idn qVkswr hI auQy pu`j igAw[ BwvyN aus vyly igxqI dy is`K auQy hwzr sn pr aunHW ny A&Zwn &OjW nUM burI qrHW iSksq id`qI; A&Zwn hwr ky qyzI nwl lwhOr nUM B`j tury[ auh rwq qoN pihlW hI lwhOr pu`j gey[ jd Swh zmwn nUM ies hwr dw pqw lgw qW auh Aglw idn cVHn qoN pihlW hI swrI 50 hzwr &Oj lY ky AMimRqsr nUM cl ipAw[ hux qk bwkI is`K &OjW nUM vI ies Dwvy dI ^br iml cukI sI qy auh vI AMimRqsr nUM cl pey sn[ 12 jnvrI dy idn dohW iDrW ivc zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ is`K &OjIAW ny qh`eIAw kIqw hoieAw sI ik ies vwr Swh zmwn nUM mzw cKw hI dyxw cwhIdw hY so auh jIA jwn nwl duSmx dIAW &OjW ’qy jw pey[ isr& svw pihr (cwr GMty) ivc hI 20 hzwr A&Zwn &OjW mr cukIAW sn[ AwpxI &Oj dw ieM\ burw hSr huMdw vyK ky Swh zmwn ny &Oj nUM B`jx dw hukm dy id`qw[ is`KW ny aunHW dw 30 iklomItr qk ip`Cw kIqw Aqy hor sYNkVy A&Zwn &OjI mwr id`qy[A^Ir cOQy hmly mgroN, 4 jnvrI 1799 dy idn Swh zmwn gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) qoN AwKrI vwr Awpxy mulk ƒ rvwnw ho igAw[ auDr A&Zwinsqwn ivc mihmUd ny Pyr kbzw kr ilAw qy 1800 sMn ivc Swh zwmn nUM A&Zwinsqwn qoN ipSwvr nUM dOVnw ipAw[ pr eyQy vI auh kwbU Aw igAw[ aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky, aus nUM AMinHAW kr ky kwbl ivc (bwlw ihswr ivc) kYd kIqw igAw[ auh 40 swl qoN vD kYd irhw qy ihrwsq ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

SwhcIN ^wn

ies dw Asl nW Aihmd ^wn sI[ ieh kwbl (A&Zwinsqwn) dy bwdSwh Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dy poqy zmwn Swh dw iek au~c drjy dw jrnYl sI[qImUr dI mOq 20 meI 1793 dy idn ho geI[ aus dI QW ’qy aus dw 23 swlw pu`qr zmwn Swh kwbl dw rwjw cuixAw igAw[ aus dw pihlw hmlw dsMbr 1793 ivc SurU hoieAw[ 15 dsMbr 1793 nUM cl ky auh hsn Abdwl, rwvlipMfI, rohqws, Swh dOlw (gujrwq), gujrWvwlw, AYmnwbwd qoN huMdw hoieAw lwhOr pu`jw Aqy ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ aus vyly lwhOr ’qy is`KW dw kbzw sI[ aunHW nUM pqw sI ik Swh zmwn bhuqI dyr lwhOr nhIN itkygw; ies kr ky auh lwhOr ^wlI kr ky phwVW nUM inkl gey[ ieDr Swh zmwn lwhOr itk igAw Aqy aus ny lwhOr dy iklHy dI murMMmq krvweI[ ies smyN dOrwn aus ny is`KW Aqy ihMdUAW ’qy bhuq zulm Fwey[ Ajy aus nUM lwhOr ivc QoVHw smW hI hoieAw sI ik aus nUM kwbl ivc Swh mihmUd v`loN bZwvq krn dIAW ^brW imlIAW[ ies hwlq ivc aus nUM mjbUrn ip`Cy muVnw pY igAw[ jwx qoN pihlW aus ny Aihmd ^wn SwhcIN nUM bwrW hzwr &Oj dy ky p`CmI pMjwb dw Aqy hsn ^wn kwizlbwSI nUM doAwbw dw cwrj sONp id`qw[ qImUr dy kwbl v`l jwx mgroN is`K iPr vwips Aw gey qy aunHW ny A&ZwnW nUM QwinAW qoN duVHw id`qw qy Awp kbzy kr ley[ swihb isMG gujrwqIey dI AgwvweI hyT is`K &OjW dI iek lVweI Aihmd ^wn SwhcIN nwl vI hoeI ijs ivc auh Awpxy do hzwr A&Zwn ispwhIAW sxy mwirAw igAw[ ieh Gtnw 1797 dI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ShIdW imsl

ies imsl dw pihlw jQydwr (bwbw) dIp isMG (pu`qr BweI Bgqw Kihrw) sI[ aus dw j`dI ipMf phU-ivMf (izlHw AMimRqsr) sI[ dIp isMG ny gurU goibMd isMG jI qoN pwhul hwisl kIqI sI[ ikhw jWdw hY aus ny kuJ icr gurU jI dI sMgq vI kIqI sI[ auh bhuq jWbwz jrnYl sI[ jd bMdw isMG bhwdr ny pMjwb dI AwzwdI dI j`dojihd dI AgvweI kIqI qW aus ny ies muihMm ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw pwieAw sI[ jd 1733 ivc is`K &OjW nUM qruxw dl qy bu`Fw dl ivc vMifAw igAw qW aus dI imsl bu`Fw dl dw ih`sw bxI sI[ bu`Fw dl dy pMj jQy bxwey gey sn[ ienHW dy muKI sn: (1) dIp isMG (2) jIvn isMG qy vIr isMG (3) kwhn isMG qy BweI ibnod isMG (4) Drm isG qy krm isMG (5) dsONDw isMG[ ienHW pMjW dw fyrw (itkwxw) drbwr swihb ivc r`iKAw igAw sI[ bwbw dIp isMG dw jQw gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl krdw huMdw sI[

1750 dy duAwly dIp isMG dw jQw qlvMfI swbo ivc rihx lg ipAw sI[ auh 1757 ivc qlvMfI swbo sI[ jd aus nUM A&ZwnW h`QoN drbwr swihb dI byAdbI dI ^br imlI qW auh iek jQw lY ky AMimRqsr ƒ c`l ipAw[ 11 nvMbr 1757 dy idn A&Zwn &OjW nwl lVidAW auh ShId ho igAw[ (iPr pihlI dsMbr 1764 dy idn, aus dI imsl dy iek hor AwgU, lIlH ipMf dy, jQydwr gurbKS isMG Awpxy 30 swQIAW sxy, Akwl buMgw dy gyt dy bwhr, 30000 A&Zwn POjW nwl lVdy ShId hoieAw sI)[

purwxIAW ilKqW ivc bwbw dIp isMG nUM iek jrnYl qy ies imsl dw muKI iliKAw imldw hY[ aus nUM ikqy vI iksy tkswl dw muKI nhIN iliKAw igAw[ purwxIAW ilKqW ivc qW kI mhwn koS, jo 1930 ivc CipAw sI, ivc vI l&z ‘dmdmI tkswl’ vI ikqy nhIN imldw[ ieh l&z ‘jQw iBMfrW-mihqw’ dy muKI igAwnI krqwr isMG ny 1977 ivc koloN GiVAw igAw sI[

bwbw dIp isMG dI ShIdI mgroN su`Dw isMG ny ies imsl dI kmWf sMBwlI[ su`Dw isMG 1762 dy G`lUGwry ivc ShId ho igAw[ ies qoN bwAd mrwKw ipMf (izlHw SyKUpurw) dw krm isMG sMDU imsl dw jQydwr bixAw[ Agly swl hI aus ny AMbwlw izlHy dy Sihzwdpur, mwjrI Aqy kysrI ielwikAW qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1773 ivc aus ny bwkI j`iQAW nwl iml ky zwbqw ^wn ruhIly dy ielwky ’qy hmlw kr ky lu`t-mwr kIqI[ kuJ smyN mgroN aus ny shwrnpur dy Awly-duAwly dy bhuq swry ielwky ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[

krm isMG 1794 ivc cVHweI kr igAw[ hux imsl dI jQydwrI aus dy pu`qr gulwb isMG ny sMBwlI[ auh kmzor hox kr ky shwrnpur dw ielwkw Awpxy kbzy ivc nw r`K sikAw[ pr gulwb isMG kol AMbwlw izly dw ielwkw zrUr bicAw irhw[ 1804 ivc aus ny AMgryzW dI sRprsqI kbUl kr leI[ aus dI mOq 1844 ivc hoeI[ aus dI QW aus dw pu`qr iSv ikrpwl isMG g`dI qy bYTw[ 1871 ivc iSv ikrpwl isMG mgroN aus dw pu`qr jIvn isMG imsl dw muKI bixAw[ aus dI swlwnw Awmdn 48 hzwr rupY sI[ jIvn isMG dw ivAwh pitAwlw dy mhwrwjw mihMdr isMG dI bytI bic`qr kOr nwl hoieAw sI[ mhwrwjw pitAwlw ny AwpxI DI nUM 20 l`K rupY dI rkm dwj ivc id`qI sI[ 1890 ivc jIvn isMG nUM AMgryzW ny ‘stwr Aw& ieMfIAw’ dw i^qwb id`qw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Sms ^wn (ktlw inhMg ^wn)

BweI Sms ^wn (pu`qr sulqwn ^wn qy poqw sulymwn ^wn) ropV dy nyVy kot pTwxW (hux kotlw inhMg ^wn) dw mwlk sI[ meI 1634 ivc guru hrgoibMd swihb kIrqpur swihb Aw ky rihx lg pey sn[ ie`Qy rihMidAW aunHW kol iblwspur, hMfUr (nwlwgVH), nwhn Aqy keI hor irAwsqW dy rwjy Awaux lg pey[ ienHW idnW ivc hI ropV dy nvwb ny hMfUr dy rwjy ’qy hmlw krn dI DmkI idqI qW auh gurU swihb kol Arz krn Aw pu`jw[ gurU swihb ny aus dI mdd krn vwsqy Awpxy byty (bwbw) gurid`qw dI AgvweI ivc 100 is`KW dw j`Qw Byj idqw[ pihlI julweI 1635 dy idn nMgl gujrW (hux nMgl srsw) ipMf ivc hoeI lVweI ivc ropV dIAW &OjW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw[ ies ’qy ropV dy nvwb ny kotlw Sms ^wn dy mwilk Sms ^wn rwhIN gurU swihb dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI ’qy aus ny gurU swihb nUM Awpxy mihl ivc dwAvq ’qy bulwieAw[ gurU swihb 18 julweI 1635 dy idn ropV pu`jy qy iek rwq auh nvwb dy mihl ivc mihmwn bx ky rhy (hux ieh mihl srkwrI kwlj dy nyVy iek Qyh dy rUp ivc mOjUd hY)[ 19 qy 20 julweI dy idn gurU swihb kotlw Sms ^wn ivc Sms ^wn dy Gr ivc rhy[ Sms ^wn qoN mgroN aus dw pu`qr Awlm ^wn qy poqw nOrMg ^wn vI gurU swihb dy swdk rhy[ pr nOrMg ^wn dw bytw inhMg ^wn (ijs dy nW ’qy hux ipMf dw nW cldw hY) qW gurU swihbwn dw iek vDIAw dosq bx igAw sI. (qsvIr: Sms ^wn dy iklHy dI bcI-KucI inSwnI). vyKo: inhMg ^wn, mumqwj, Awlm ^wn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Sms ^wn &Ojdwr

Sms ^wn jlMDr-doAwb dI rwjDwnI sulqwnpur dw swbkw &Ojdwr sI[bwdSwh ny iksy kwrn aus nUM Ahudy qoN htw id`qw hoieAw sI[ jd 1710 ivc bMdw isMG bhwdr ny srhMd (audoN sIhrMd) Aqy Awly duAwly dy ielwky ’qy (sxy rwhoN) kbzw kr ilAw qW ies ny bwdSwh nUM ^uS krn Aqy AwpxI ivgVI swK muV kwiem krn vwsqy rwhoN v`l kUc kr id`qw[auh pMj hzwr &Oj lY ky rwhoN Aw igAw[ ies vyly iklHy ivc bhuqI is`K &Oj nhIN sI Aqy nw hI au~Qy rwSn vZYrw sI, ies kr ky auh iklHy coN inkl ky hyTW mYdwnI ielwky ivc Aw gey[ dohW iDrW ivc bVI zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ is`K vDIAw Asly dI AxhoNd qy igxqI ivc QoVHy hox dy bwvjUd ft ky lVy Aqy iek vwr qW Sms ^wn nUM hwr swhmxy nzr AweI[ pr QoVHI dyr ivc hI Sms ^wn dw cwcw bwiezId ^wn (kuqbdIn ^ySgI), sUbydwr jMmU, vI au~Qy phuMc igAw[ ksUr dw pTwn &Ojdwr aumr ^wn vI Acwxk auDr Aw inkilAw[ ienHW ny iklHy Aqy Sihr nUM swry pwsy qoN Gyrw pw ilAw[ is`KW ny ienHW iqMnW &OjW dw keI idn qk mukwblw kIqw pr Asly dI Gwt Aqy Kwx dw swmwn mu`k jwx kwrn aunHW nUM iklHw ^wlI kr ky dOVnw ipAw[ muZl &Oj dw Gyrw cIr ky inkldy bhuq swry is`K ShId ho gey[ isr& QoVHy ijhy hI bc ky inkl sky[

ies ij`q mgroN swrIAW muZl qy pTwn &OjW dy hOsly bulMd ho gey Aqy auh srhMd v`l cl pey qW jo aus nUM is`KW qoN Awzwd krvwieAw jw sky[auh 2 nvMbr 1710 dy idn srhMd kol pu`j gey[ ies vyly srhMd ivc bhuq QoVHI ijhI hI isK &Oj sI[ sUbydwr BweI bwz isMG vI ies vyly srhMd ivc nhIN sI[ is`KW ny Awpxy Awp nUM iklHy dy AMdr bMd kr ilAw[ A^Ir jd aunHW kol rwSn mu`k igAw qW auh 20 nvMbr dI rwq nUM rwSn lYx vwsqy iklHy ivcoN bwhr inkly[ muZl &OjW ny aunHW ’qy zbrdsq hmlw kr id`qw[ BweI su`Kw isMG bMgySrI qy Swm isMG dI AgvweI ivc is`K POjW ny Sms ^wn qy bwiezId ^wn dI &Oj nwl XwkUb ^wn dy bwZ ivc qy ies dy bwhr ^Ub lohw ilAw[ pr QoVHI igxqI Aqy bhuq Gt Aslw hox kwrn is`K bhuqI dyr nw itk sky[ ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry is`K ShId ho gey[ is`K Awpxy jrnYl BweI su`Kw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN ip`Cy ht ky srhMd dy iklyH ivc jw vVy[ pr is`K bhuqI dyr iklHw vI kwbU ivc nw rK sky Aqy 24 nvMbr dI rwq nUM hnyry ivc Gyrw qoVdy hoey KrV vl nUM B`j gey[(BweI su`Kw isMG qy ienHW hor ShIdW dI Xwd ivc ShId gMj gurduAwrw, lVweI vwlI QW ’qy, gurduAwrw &qihgVH swihb dy nyVy, bixAw hoieAw hY)[

Sms ^wn ny srhMd ’qy kbzy mgroN is`KW qoN lu`ty mwl iv`coN cwr inSwn (emblem), iek nIlw inSwn swihb, cwr qIr, do nyzy Aqy is`KW dy isrW dy cwr g`fy 25 nvMbr nUM bwdSwh nUM Byjy[ bwdSwh ny ^uS ho ky Sms ^wn nUM iK`lq ByjI[ Sms ^wn v`loN srhMd ’qy kbzw krn dI muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM bVI qklI& hoeI[ drAsl ieh ishrw auh Awp hwisl krnw cwhuMdw sI[ ies g`l kwrn muhMmd AmIn ^wn Sms ^wn nwl eIrKw krn lg ipAw qy aus dw sdw vwsqy mu^wil& bx igAw[

mwrc 1711 dy pihly h&qy bMdw isMG jMmU dI srh`dI cOkI rwiepur Aqy bihrwmpur dI jUh ivc phuMc igAw[ ienHIN idnIN Sms ^wn Apxy-cwcy kuqbdIn ^ySgI aur& bwiezId ^wn (&Ojdwr jMmU) kol AwieAw hoieAw sI[ jd aunHW ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K &OjW ienHW phwVW ivc GMum rhIAW hn qW aunHW dohW ny &Oj lY ky is`KW vl kUc kr id`qw[ aunHW ny pihlW vI, 1710 dI AkqUbr-nvMbr ivc, is`K &OjW nUM rwhoN Aqy srhMd ivc hrwieAw sI[ ies AwkV ivc auh is`KW dy ip`Cy cl pey[ is`K aus vyly jMg vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sn[ ies kr ky QoVHw ijhw mukwblw krn mgroN isK hrn ho gey[ bwiezId ^wn Aqy Sms ^wn ny aunHW dw bhuqI dUr qk ip`Cw nw kIqw[

drAsl is`K B`jy nhIN sn; ieh qW aunHW dw iek pYNqVw sI (ijs ƒ ‘FweI &`t dI lVweI’ ikhw jWdw hY)[ jd is`KW ny vyiKAw ik pTwx jrnYl Awpxy Awp ƒ jyqU smJdy hoey Avysly ho gey hn qW aunHW ny ip`Cy muV ky muZl &Oj ’qy iek dm hmlw kr idqw[ ies Acwnk hmly ivc ivc Sms ^wn mOky ’qy hI mwirAw igAw Aqy bwiezId ^wn burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ auh vI iqMn idn mgroN mr igAw[ ienHW dIAW lwSW nUM ksUr ivc iljw ky d&n kIqw igAw[ ies lVweI ivcoN is`K &OjW nUM Sms ^wn qy kuqbdIn dy fyry dw bhuq swrw Aslw qy hor mwl-m`qw vI h`Q AwieAw[

bwdSwh nUM ies dI ^br qkrIbn iek mhInw mgroN, 23 AprYl 1711 dy idn, ropV nyVy imlI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 Sms qbryz / Sms qbrIzI/ Sms qbryzI

Sms qbryz bwry bhuq BulyKy vwlIAW khwxIAW mShUr hn: 1. iek khwxI muqwibk Sms qbryz iek sU&I PkIr sI[ aus dw Asl nW m^dUm Swh Sms-aud-dIn sI[ aus dw jnm ZznI ielwky dy ipMf sbzvwr ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN ieh mulqwn Aw igAw[ bhuq swry lok ies dy murId bx gey[ ies kr ky mukwmI muq`sbI mOlwny ies qoN eIrKw krn lg pey Aqy mulqwn dy hwkm nUM iSkwieq kIqI ik auh Anl hkæ (mYN ^udw hW) AwKdw hY[ ies ’qy mulqwn dy hwkm ny aus dI K`l auqwrn dw hukm dy id`qw[ ies dw mzwr mulqwn ivc bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy l`KW lok ies dw sjdw krn vwsqy au~Qy jWdy hn 2. dUjI khwxI muqwibk Sms qbryz (1185-1248) iek sU&I PkIr sI[ aus dw Asl nW Sms-Al-dIn muhMmd sI[ aus dw jnm eIrwn dy ielwky AzrbweIjwn dy iek ngr qbrIz ivc hoieAw sI[ mShUr lyKk rUmI aus dw Swigrd sI[ aus bwry bhuq khwxIAW pRclq hn (bhuq swry Dwrimk AwgUAW nwl AijhIAW kwlpink, imQhwsk krwmwqI khwxIAW Aksr juV jWdIAW hn)[ ienHW ivcoN iek ieh hY ik auh Acwxk Zwieb ho igAw[ iek khwxI muqwibk iek vwr aus ny ielwky dy hwkm dy pu`qr nUM izMdw kr id`qw sI (ieh khwxI mulqwn vwlI vI ho skdI hY)[ iek hor kQw muqwibk jd hwkm dw pu`qr mr igAw qW rUmI ny aus nUM pu`iCAw ik kI ieh izMdw ho skdw hY qW Sms qbryzI ny ikhw ik hW, pr ies vwsqy mYnUM AwpxI KlVI auDyVnI pvygI qy aus ny ^ud ieh kMm kr id`qw qy hwkm dw pu`qr izMdw ho igAw[ Sms qbryzI dy mzwr iqMn jgh bxy hoey hn: izAwrq (kwrwkrom, pwiksqwn), rUmI (konXw, trkI), mulqwn (pwiksqwn) ivc.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

SmSyr isMG ASok

SmSyr isMG ASok (10.2.1904 – 14.7.1986) pu`qr Jwbw isMG sMGw dw jnm mwqw suKdyv kOr dI ku`K qoN guAwrw ipMf (izlHw sMgrUr) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny bcpn ivc hI sMsikRq, ibRj BwSw, aurdU qy &wrsI pVH leI sI[ ies smyN ivc aus dI nyVqw qyjw isMG BsOV nwl ho geI, ijs ny aus ivc Koj dI lgn pYdw kIqI[ auh BsOV Kwlsw dIvwn dy pricAW ‘pMc Kwlsw smwcwr’ Aqy ‘ikRpwn bhwdr’ vwsqy mzmUn ilKdw irhw[ auh 1934 qoN 1938 qk BweI kwnH isMG nwBw dw sihXogI (AisstYNt) sI[ 1943 ivc aus nUM is`K nYSnl kwlj lwhOr ivc Koj dI syvw sONp id`qI geI qy 1945 qk auh is`K nYSnl kwlj lwhOr ivc nOkrI krdw irhw[ Agly do swl auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ivc syvw krdw irhw[ 1948 ivc auh mihkmw pMjwbI (hux BwSw ivBwg) ivc nOkrI krn lg ipAw[ auQoN 1959 ivc rItwier hieAw[ 1960 qoN 1963 qk aus ny mhwn koS dI dUjI AYfISn dw sMpwdn kIqw[ ieh pihlW cwr ijldW ivc sI; aus ny ies dw &ONt Cotw kr ky ies nUM iek ijld bxw id`qw[ mhwn koS dy ip`Cly ih`sy ivc kIqy vwDy vI ausy ny hI iqAwr kIqy sn[ aus ny 1964 qoN 1981 qk is`K rY&rYNs lwiebryrI AMimRqsr ivc bqOr rIsrc skwlr syvw kIqI[ SmSyr isMG ASok ny in`kIAW v`fIAW 88 ikqwbW ilKIAW jW sMpwdn kIqIAW sn[ ienHW ivcoN isr& 46 hI Cp skIAW sn[ ienHW ivcoN mShUr hn: gurU nwnk: jIvn qy goStW, is`KI qy is`K ieiqhws, ATwrvIN sdI dw pMjwb, soFI imhrbwn: jIvn qy swihq, pMjwbI jIvn qy sMsikRqI, jMgnwmw lwhOr, pRwcIn jMgnwmy, SRomxI kmytI dw pMjwh swlw ieiqhws, Drm swihq qy ieiqhws, gurU nwnk: jIvn qy goStW, vIr nwiek hrI isMG nlvw, nIswx qy hukmnwmy, mwDv nl qy kwm kMdlw qy rwgmwlw inrxY, dsmgRMQ qy hor lyK, is`KW dy qwrI^I qb`rukwq, pMjwbI BwSw dI smisAw Awid[ aus ny srUp dws B`lw dw gur mihmw pRkwS vI sMpwidq kIqw sI[ BwSw ivBwg dI ‘pMjwbI pRkwSnW dI sUcI’ Aqy ‘swfw h`Q ilKq pMjbI swihq’ vI ausy dI imhnq dw is`tw hY[ aus nUM pMjwb srkwr ny 1977 ivc SRomxI swihqkwr dw AYvwrf id`qw[ 1986 ivc pMjwbI swihq AkYfmI ny vI aus nUM snmwinq kIqw sI[

SmSyr isMG ASok iek drvyS S^sIAq sI[ aus ny swrI izMdgI swdgI hMFweI qy swrw smW Koj v`l hI smripq kIqw[ aus ny 82 swl dI aumr ivc clwxw kIqw[ aus dI injI lwiebryrI ivc bhuq swrIAW kImqI ikqwbW sn ijhVIAW aunHw ny pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw nUM Byt kr id`qIAW sn (ies ivc aunHW dIAW AxCpIAW ikqwbW vI hn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

SmSyr isMG sMDwvwlIAw

SmSyr isMG sMDwvwlIAw (1816- 1871), pu`qr bu`D isMG mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw ccyrw Brw sI[ auh mhwrwjw dI &Oj ivc au~cy Ahudy ’qy sI[ auh kuJ smW ipSwvr ivc vI qweInwq irh sI[ ij`Qy Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw qy AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw mhwrwjw qy aus dy pu`qr Syr isMG dy i^lw& swzSW krdy rhy sn, auh sdw srkwr dw v&wdwr irhw sI[ AMgryzW ny aus dI v&wdwrI qoN ^uS ho ky aus nUM dsMbr 1846 ivc aus nUM ‘kONsl Aw& rIjYNsI’ dw mYNbr QwipAw sI[ &rvrI 1848 ivc aus nUM AMimRqsr dw nwzm bxw id`qw igAw[ 1857 dy Zdr vyly aus ny 125 is`K &OjIAW dI iek XUint kwiem kr ky brqwnvI &Oj dI mdd kIqI sI[ ies dsqy nUM ‘hOfsnz hOrs’ (hOfsn dw GoVsvwr dsqw) dw nW id`qw igAw sI[ 1862 ivc aus nUM ifptI kimSnr bxw id`qw igAw[ aus dI mOq 55 swl dI aumr ivc hoeI[ aus dI koeI AOlwd nhIN sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

SXwm julkw

SXwm julkw 1709 ivc AMimRqsr dw vwsI sI[ jd (gurU goibMd isMG jI dwmw) ikrpwl isMG id`lI qoN gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) AwieAw qW aus ny SXwm Bwbrw Aqy pMcW (pRmuK SihrIAW) nwl ies ngr dy msilAW bwry crcw kIqI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

SXwm isMG

1. SXwm isMG gurU goibMd isMG jI dw qoSyKwnIAw Aqy islhKwny dw drogw sI[
2. dIp cMd (pwhul ip`CoN dIp isMG) dw pu`qr, sUrj m`l dw poqw qy gurU hrgoibMd swihb dw pVpoqw[ ies dw jnm 1662 ivc kIrqpur ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dI SwdI AnUp kOr nwl hoeI sI, ijs qoN nwhr isMG pu`qr ny jnm ilAw sI[ ies ny AwpxI swrI aumr kIrqpur ivc hI guzwrI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

syKiclI

SY^ iclI dw Asl nW Abd-aur-rhIm Abdul-krIm Abd-aur-rzwk sI[ auh kwdrIAw sU&I i&rky nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ auh Swh jhwn dy sB qoN v`fy pu`qr muZl Sihzwdy dwrw iSkoh (28.10.1615-30.8.1659) dw ausqwd sI[ aus dw Swndwr mzwr hirAwxw dy ngr kurUkSyqr dy nyVy Qwnysr ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ iesy jgh hI iek hor mzwr vI hY ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh Sy^ iclI dI byZm dw mzwr hY[ ies jgh iek lwl p`Qr dI msijd vI bxI hoeI hY, jo sqwrvIN sdI ivc bxI sI[ ies jgh ivc pRwcIn smyN (kuSwn, gupq, vrDn qy rwjpUq kwl) dIAW inSwnIAW vI imlIAW hn[

Sy^ iclI dy nW nwl bhuq swrIAW mzwhIAW khwxIAW juVIAW hoeIAW hn[ ieh mShUr hY ik auh bhuq ivlwsI qy msqwnw iksm dw S^s sI[ ieh vI mShUr hY ik auh g`pW GVn ivc bVw mwihr sI[ pr ieh swrw kuJ JUTw prcwr hY, jo ik AOrMgzyb dy smyN ivc ies kr ky pRclq hoieAw sI ikauNik auh dwrw iSkoh (ijs nUM mwr ky AOrMgzyb ny q^q ’qy kbzw kIqw sI) dw ausqwd sI qy dUjw auh sU&I mq dw pRcwrk sI[ AOrMgzyb dwrw iSkoh Aqy sU&IAW nUM bhuq n&rq krdw sI Aj klH Sy^ iclI aus nUM ikhw jWdw hY jo i^AwlI pulwau bxwvy, hvweI iklHy auswry, mnGVq g`lW bxwvy Aqy nwmumikn supny vyKy.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Sy^ Sr&

eIrwnI ipCokV vwly ies ivdvwn bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh pwnIpq (hirAwxw) ivc 1209 pYdw hoieAw hoieAw sI[ ies ny bhuq lMmI aumr BogI (ies dI mOq 1324 ivc hoeI sI); pr ies dI kbr ’qy ilKI iebwrq muqwibk ieh gWjw (mOjUdw AzrbweIXW) ivc pYdw hoieAw sI[ ies dw Asl nW bU AlI Swh kælMdr sI[ ies dw bwp SY^ &^r-aud-dIn vI iek ivdvwn sI qy auh 20 swl id`lI ivc pVHwauNdw irhw sI, pr mgroN auh pwnIpq ivc rihx lg ipAw sI[ aus ny kivqw dI iek ikqwb vI ilKI sI[ SY^ Sr& bhuqw smW pwnIpq ivc irhw qy ieQy auh ieslwm dw pRcwr krdw irhw[ aus dw mkbrw kælMdr cOk ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies drgwh dI auswrI bwdSwh jhWgIr dy jrnYl mhwbq ^wn ny krvweI sI[

mhwbq ^wn, aurdU Swier Alqw& husYn hwlI qy hkIm muk`rm ^wn dy mkbry vI iesy jgh bxIy hoey hn; qy nyVy hI iebwrhIm lodI (ijs nUM pwnIpq ivc 1526 ivc hrw ky bwbr mulk dw hwkm bixAw sI) dw mzwr vI hY[ SY^ Sr& dw iek mzwr cinEt (pwiksqwn) ivc vI bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurU nwnk swihb ny AwpxI iek audwsI vyly SY^ Sr& dy iek g`dIdwr SY^ qwihr nwl Drm crcw kIqI sI (jnmswKIAW ivc SY^ Sr& nwl mulwkwq hI ilKI hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Syr muhMmd ^wn

Awm qOr ‟qy ieh prcwr kIqw jWdw irhw hY ik 12 dsMbr 1705 dy idn jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI dy in`ky swihbzwidAW ƒ srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn ny kql krn vwsqy hukm id`qw qW mlyrkotly dy pTwn hwkm Syr muhMmd ^wn ny “hwA” dw nwArw mwirAw sI[ drAsl aus ny koeI “hwA” dw nwArw nhIN sI mwirAw sI[ Gtnw ieM\ sI: jd vzIr ^wn ny swihbzwidAW nUM kql krn dw hukm id`qw qW aus ny nvwb mlyrkotlw nUM ikhw ik “qyry Brw nUM gurU gibMd isMG ny cmkOr dI lVweI ivc mwirAw sI; hux ieh qyry hvwly kr dyNdw hW qUM ienHW nUM mwr ky Awpxy Brw dy mOq dw bdlw lY lY”; ies ‟qy Syr muhMmd ^wn ny isr& eynw hI ikhw sI: “mYN Awpxw bdlw duSmx dy mwsUm b`icAW qoN nhIN blik aus (gurU) qoN hI lvWgw[” cyqy rhy ik swihbzwidAW dy kql dy hukm dI aus ny koeI mu^wl&q nhIN kIqI sI; aus ny qW kIqw sI ik aus ny hI ikhw sI Awpxy Brw dy gurU jI dy h`QoN mwry jwx bdlw gurU dy b`icAW qoN lYxw mnzUr nhIN sI kIqw[ Syr muhMmd ^wn dI ieh g`l sux ky &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn nUM vI Srm AweI[ aus nUM vI Aihsws hoieAw ik gurU dy mwsUm b`icAW dw koeI ksUr nhIN hY qy aus ny aunHW nUM C`f dyx dw hukm dy id`qw[ ies smyN vzIr ^wn dw dIvwn (vzIr) su`cw nMd vI hwizr sI[ aus ny vzIr ^wn nUM b`icAW nUM Cf dyx qoN vrijAw qy ikhw ik „ieh s`p dy b`cy hn qy s`p dy b`cy v`fy ho ky vI s`p hI bxngy; ienHW nUM ^qm krnw hI byhqr hY[‟ ies „qy vzIr ^wn ny swihbzwidAW nUM nIhW ivc icx dyx dw hukm id`qw sI[ (mgroN mlyrkotlw dy hwkm ^wndwn ny iek khwxI GV leI ik Syr muhMmd ^wn ny b`icAW dI ShIdI dy i^lw& AOrgzyb nUM ^q vI iliKAw sI (qy aunHW ny iek Aijhy nklI ^q dI „nkl‟ vI SISy ivc mVH ky r`KI hoeI hY qW jo auh ^ud nUM is`KW dw hmdrd swibq kr skx)[

Syr muhMmd ^wn is`KW dw koeI hmdrd nhIN sI blik k`tV duSmx sI[ aus ny Aqy aus dy BrwvW, pu`qrW qy BqIijAW ny vwr-vwr gurU goibMd isMG swihb Aqy is`KW ‟qy hmly kIqy sn[ 12 AkUqbr 1700 nUM inrmohgVH, 7-8 dsMbr 1705 nUM cmkOr, 9-10 meI 1710 dy idn mJYl isMGW ‟qy bihlolpur ivc Aqy 12 meI 1710 dy idn c`pV-icVI ivc vI zbrdsq t`kr leI sI Aqy dy sUbydwr vzIr ^wn dy hr hukm ‟qy Pul cVHwauNidAW is`KW ‟qy Akwrx hI hmly kIqy sn[ ienHW lVweIAW ivc aus dy iqMn Brw Aqy do BqIjy mwry gey sn[Syr muhMmd ^wn ^ud vI bMdw isMG dy nwl lVdw hoieAw 12 meI 1710 dy idn c`pV icVI dI lVweI ivc mirAw sI[ ies kr ky isKW ƒ mlyrkotlw dy pTwx hwkm vI bhuq cuBdy sn Aqy auh aus ƒ vI szw dyxw cwhuMdy sn[ srhMd ij`qx qoN bwAd is`K &OjW ny mlyrkotlw vl kUc kr idqw[ jdoN mlyrIAW ƒ pqw lgw ik is`K &OjW mlyrkotlw vl Aw rhIAW hn qW au~QoN dw iek SwhUkwr ikSn cMd bwbw bMdw isMG ƒ imlx pu`jw[ ikSn cMd bMdw isMG ƒ pihlW qoN hI jwxdw sI[ aus ny Arz kIqI ik mlyrkotlw ƒ b^S idqw jwvy[ aus ny coKI v`fI rkm is`KW nUM pyS kr ky Sihr ƒ qbwh kIqy jwx qoN bcw ilAw sI[ jy kr ikSn cMd bMdw isMG A`gy &irAwdI nw huMdw qW mlyrkotlw vI qbwh ho jwxw sI[ ies qoN mgroN vI mlyrkotly dy hwkmW ny Aihmd Swh durwnI nwl rl ky 5 &rvrI 1762 dy G`lUGwry qk is`KW dy i^lw& hr muihMm ivc ih`sw ilAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Syr Swh sUrI

pSqUn kOm dy sUr kbIly dw Syr Swh sUrI (1486 – 22.5.1545), jo sUr swmrwj dw moFI sI, dw jnm ibhwr dy ngr swswrwm ivc, hsn ^wn sUr dy Gr &rId ^wn vjoN hoieAw sI[ hsn ^wn sUr dw ipqw iebrwhIm ^wn bihlol loDI dI &Oj ivc Swiml sI[ Syr Swh sUr pihlW bwbr dI &Oj ivc Swiml hoieAw sI qy hOlI-hOlI auh ibhwr dy sUbydwr dy Ahudy qk phuMc igAw[ 1538 ivc aus ny hmwXUM nUM hrw ky muZl swmrwj dy ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ky sUrI swmrwj dI nINh r`KI[

Syr Swh sUrI ny BwvyN QoVHw smW (17 meI 1538 qoN 22 meI 1545 qk) hI hkUmq kIqI pr ies dOrwn aus ny bhuq swry mwArky dy kMm kIqy[ aus ny SyrgVH ngr vswieAw, ieiqhwsk Sihr pwtlIpuqr (ptnw) nUM nvW rUp id`qw, ictwgWg (hux bMglw dyS) Aqy kolkwqw qoN ipSwvr qy kwbl qk jrnYlI sVk (jI.tI. rof) bxvweI qy ies dy Awly-duAwly dr^q, KUh qy srwvW bxvweIAW; aus ny (purwxy tkw dI QW ’qy) cWdI dw ruipAw Aqy sony dI muhr dI krMsI jwrI kIqI[ aus ny bhuq swry iklHy vI bxvwey, ijnHW ivc rohqws (hux pwiksqwn), rohqwsgVH (ibhwr), purwxw iklHw (id`lI) Swiml hn[ aus ny Byrw ngr (hux pwiksqwn) vswieAw[ aus ny iklHw-ie-kUhnw (id`lI), ptnw qy Byrw ngrW ivc msijdW vI bxvweIAW[ aus ny bwbr qy hmwXUM dy swmrwj qoN ielwvw mwlvw qy rwjpUqwnw dw vI bhuq swrw ielwkw ij`q ilAw[ Syr Swh sUrI dI mOq kwilMjr dy iklHy dIAW kMDW nUM bwrUd nwl aufwaux dI koiSS dOrwn hoeI sI[ Syr Swh dw AwlISwn mkbrw ibhwr dy ngr swswrwm ivc bixAw hoieAw hY (vyKo:qsvIr):

Syr Swh qoN mgroN aus dw pu`qr jlwl ^wn, ieslwm ^wn dw nW Dwrn kr ky, bwdSwh bixAw[ aus dI mOq 22 nvMbr 1554 dy idn hoeI[ aus mgroN aus dw pu`qr &Iroz Swh sUrI q^q ’qy bYiTAw[ q^q ’qy bYTx dy kuJ idn mgroN hI 1555 ivc aus nUM aus dy cwcy (Syr Swh sUrI dy BqIjy muhMmd mubrIz ^wn) ny kql kr ky muhMmd Awidl Swh dy nW vjoN hkUmq sMBwlI[ aus dI mOq iek lVweI ivc ho geI[ aus mgroN iebrwhIm Swh sUrI q^q ’qy bYiTAw[ ausy swl hI aus nUM iskMdr Swh sUrI ny hrw id`qw[ iskMdr Swh vI 1559 ivc mr igAw[ auDr 22 &rvrI 1555 dy idn hmwXUM ny lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw hoieAw sI, pr auh 27 jnvrI 1556 dy idn mr igAw[ mgroN Akbr ny sUrI ^wndwn dI hkUmq dy Aw^rI ielwky vI Koh ley[ Syr Swh sUrI dw izkr gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Ais`Dy qOr ’qy ‘mrd kw cylw’ nW hyT AwauNdw hY: Awvin ATqrY, jwin sqwnvY, horu BI auTsI mrd kw cylw (723) {ie`Qy bwbr v`loN ibkrmI sMmq 1578 ivc ihMd ’qy kbzw krn Aqy 1597 ivc hmwXUM v`loN hw rky B`j jwx Aqy Syr Swh sUrI v`loN hkUmq sMBwlx dw izkr hY; eyQy ‘mrd kw cylw’ Syr Swh sUrI nUM ikhw igAw hY}.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 Syr isMG cmkOr

BweI Syr isMG 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn cmkOr dI lVweI ivc ShIdI hoieAw sI[ Syr isMG aunHW pMj ku sO is`KW ivcoN sI ijhVy dsMbr 1705 ivc gurU goibMd isMG kol AnMdpur swihb ivc hwizr sn[ meI 1705 ivc jdoN phwVI rwijAW dIAW &OjW ny AnMdpur swihb ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw qW bwkI isMGW dy nwl nwl Syr isMG vI au~Qy hI iGr igAw sI[

5 Aqy 6 dsMbr dI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG ny AnMdpur C`ifAw qW ieh ieh mwqw gujrI dy jQy dy nwl sI[ jdoN mwqw jI srsw ndI pwr kr ky cmkOr v`l inkl gey qW auh gurU goibMd isMG jI dy nwl clw igAw[ gurU jI, aunHW dy do v`fy swihbzwdy Aqy 45 isMG 7 dsMbr dI svyr ƒ cmkOr pu`jy[ ieh swry Ajy Awrwm kr hI rhy sn ik ropV qoN v`fI igxqI ivc AweI &Oj ny cmkOr pu`j ky gVHI ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ gurU jI ny gVHI ivc hwizr swry isMGW ƒ v`K-v`K ih`isAW ivc vMf ky ifaUtIAW lw id`qIAW[ aunHW ny gVHI dy gyt ’qy mdn isMG qy kwTw isMG ƒ qwienwq kIqw[ aunHW dohW ny qurk hmly dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw pr A^Ir ShId ho gey[ aunHW dohW qoN mgroN gurU jI ny Syr isMG qy nwhr isMG ƒ gVHI dy drvwzy ’qy qwienwq kIqw[ Syr isMG qy nwhr isMG ny ikrpwnW sUq leIAW Aqy hmlwvr &Oj dy bhuq swry ispwhIAW ƒ pwr bulwieAw[ bhwdrI dy jOhr idKwauNdy hoey A^Ir ieh dovyN XoDy vI ShId ho gey.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Syr isMG bMgySrI

BweI Syr isMG bMgySrI nUM 9 jUn 1716 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG nwl ShId kIqw igAw sI[ Syr isMG BweI bwz isMG (sUbydwr srhMd) dw bytw, BweI nTIAw dw poqw Aqy BweI mweI dws dy pVpoqw sI[ auh bwz isMG dy cOhW byitAW ivcoN qIjy QW ’qy sI[

Syr isMG Awpxy ipqw Aqy Awpxy v`fy vIr nwhr isMG qy Coty vIr Albyl isMG nwl is`K pMQ dI j`dojihd dOrwn bwbw bMdw isMG dy moFy nwl moFw joV ky, v`D cVH ky, ih`sw pwauNdw irhw sI[ aus ny bwbw bMdw isMG dI hr muihMm ivc mUhrlIAw kqwrW ivc rih ky ih`sw pwieAw sI[7 dsMbr 1715 dy idn jdoN gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivcoN bMdw isMG bhwdr dy nwl aunHW dy jo ^ws swQI igR&qwr kIqy gey sn Syr isMG vI aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ aus ƒ id`lI iljw ky 9 jUn 1716 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG Aqy ipqw bwz isMG sUbydwr dy nwl ShId kIqw igAw sI[ ies mOky ’qy aus dy do Brw (nwhr isMG qy Albyl isMG), aus dw ipqw bwz isMG, qwieAw (BgvMq isMG bMgySrI) qy do cwcy (kuier isMG qy Swm isMG) vI ShId hoey sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Syr isMG mhwrwjw

mhwrwjw Syr isMG (4.12.1807-15.9.1843) mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy rwxI mihqwb kOr dw pu`qr sI[ rxjIq isMG dI mOq mgroN aus dw sB qoN v`fw pu`qr KVk isMG mhwrwjw bixAw[ rxjIq isMG ny AwpxI hkUmq dI bhuqI qwkq iDAwn isMh fogrw qy aus dy pu`qr hIrw isMh Aqy iDAwn isMh dy BrwvW (gulwb isMh qy sucyq isMh) vZYrw ƒ sONpI hoeI sI[ iDAwn isMh pRweIm minstr sI[ KVk isMG fogirAW dIAW swzSI kwrvweIAW qoN duKI sI[ aus dw sB qoN v`fw slwhwkwr cyq isMG bwjvw sI[ fogry smJdy sn ik cyq isMG ƒ rwh ivcoN htwaux nwl hI auh swrI qwkq Awpxy h`Q ivc r`K skdy sn[ A^Ir swizSW bxw ky 9 AkqUbr 1839 nUM iDAwn isMh fogrw ny cyq isMG nUM KVk isMG dy swhmxy hI kql kr id`qw qy ies dy nwl hI nOinhwl isMG nUM rwj pRbMD sONp id`qw[ ies qoN kuJ smW mgroN hI KVk isMG nUM Kwxy ivc zihr dy ky mwr idqw igAw[ aus dI mOq 4 qy 5 nvMbr 1840 dI rwq ƒ hoeI d`sI geI[ Agly idn KVk isMG dw sskwr kr ky vwips iklHy nUM jw rhy sn qW, pihloN GVI swizS muqwibk, iDAwn isMh ny rOSnI gyt dw C`jw sutvw ky nOinhwl isMG ƒ mwr id`qw[

ieDr iDAwn isMh fogrw ny Syr isMG ƒ mukyrIAW qoN bulvw ilAw qW jo aus ƒ g`dI ’qy ibTw idqw jwvy[BwvyN Syr isMG mukyrIAW qoN lwhOr phuMc igAw sI pr iDAwn isMh fogrw aus ƒ mhwrwjw bxwaux ivc kwmXwb nw ho sikAw[ sMDwvwlIAW Aqy hor srdwrW ny aus dI mu^wl&q kIqI[ A^Ir mjbUr ho ky fogirAW ƒ cMd kOr (KVk isMG dI pqnI qy nOinhwl isMG dI mW) ƒ hI rwxI mMnxw ipAw[nvMbr 1840 qoN dsMbr 1840 qk rwxI cMd kOr ‘mhwrwxI’ bx ky rwj krdI rhI[ auDr fogry Syr isMG ƒ swrIAW ^brW phuMcwauNdy rihMdy sn[hux fogirAW ny rwxI cMd kOr dy AMgryzW nwl rly hox dw prcwr krnw SurU kr id`qw[ fogirAW dy ies ^qrnwk pRwpygMfw dw Boly qy jzbwqI is`K &OjIAW ’qy bhuq CyqI Asr ho igAw[ ies pRcwr kwrn &Oj dw iek v`fw ih`sw Syr isMG dw ihmwieqI Aqy cMd kOr dw mu^wil& bx igAw[ jnrl vYNqUrw ƒ vI fogirAW ny Awpxy nwl rlw ilAw (jW auh Awp rl igAw)[ sucyq isMh fogrw vI Syr isMG nwl Aw imilAw[ hux isr& sMDwvwlIey hI rwxI dy nwl rih gey sn qy kuJ ku v&wdwr jrnYl aus dw swQ dy rhy sn[ A^Ir &Yslw lVweI nwl hox dy hI Awswr bx gey[ Syr isMG dI &Oj ny ikly ƒ Gyr ilAw Aqy golwbwrI SurU kr idqI[ iqMn idn iklHy dy AMdroN Aqy iklHy dy au~qy golwbwrI huMdI rhI[ hux cMd kOr ny mihsUs krnw SurU kr id`qw ik auh lVweI ivc ij`q nhIN skdI[ ies kr ky aus ny hkUmq Syr isMG dy hvwly krnw mnzUr kr ilAw[

18 jnvrI 1841 dy idn Syr isMG mhwrwjw bixAw Aqy 20 qwrI^ ƒ lwhOr dy q^q ’qy bYT igAw[ aus ny rwxI cMd kOr ƒ 9 lK rupY swlwnw dyxy mMn ley gey[ ies mgroN cMd kOr ny AwpxI swrI dOlq gulwb isMh fogry dy nwl jMmU Byj idqI[ (rwxI dy kpVy, sonw, cWdI, is`ky, muhrW, pSmIny vZYrw, 16 g`ifAW ’qy l`d ky, jMmU iljwey gey sn)[ ieh swrw kuJ aus vyly dy 80 l`K Aqy iek kroV rupY dy ivckwr sI[ ieh dOlq isr& rwxI dI injI jwiedwd nhIN sI blik ies ivc drbwr dw kw&I ^zwnw vI Swiml sI[ (mgroN gulwb isMh ies rkm nUM fkwr igAw)[ iDAwn isMh fogrw ny 11 jUn 1842 dI rwq ƒ golIAW h`QoN cMd kOr ƒ aus dy isr ’qy p`Qr mwr-mwr ky, aus dw isr Pyh ky, ^qm kr idqw[ ies qoN pihlW aus ny kMvr nOinhwl isMG dI vhutI dw b`cw vI pyt ivc igrvw idqw sI qW jo iek hor vwirs pYdw nw ho sky[ ies dy nwl hI iDAwn isMh ny ny lihxw isMG qy kyhr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ky jylH pw idqw[

ies swry swzSI mwhOl ivc AMgryz dohrw-rol Adw kr rhy sn[ aunHW dI fogirAW nwl vI BweIvwlI sI Aqy auh sMDWvwlIAW nwl rl ky vI swizSW GV rhy sn[ jdoN rwjw Syr isMG g`dI ’qy bYTw qW Aqr isMG qy AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw sqluj pwr kr ky AMgryzI ielwky ivc cly gey sn[ kuJ icr mgroN AMgryzW ny Awpxy eyjMt imstr klwrk rwhI ienHW dohW ƒ Syr isMG qoN mAw&I idvw ky vwips lwhOr jwx dI iejwzq lY id`qI qy ienHW ƒ jwgIrW vI vwips idvw idqIAW[ ies dy nwl hI lihxw isMG qy kyhr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ƒ vI irhw kr id`qw igAw[

ienHW cOhW sMDWvwlIAW ny vwips Aw ky kuJ mhIny qW v&wdwrI Aqy Srw&q vwly mwhOl ivc ibqwey pr iPr AMgrzW nwl slwhW kr ky dobwrw swizSW SurU kr idqIAW[ auDr iDAwn isMh vI AMdroN-AMdrIN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qoN Kwr Kwx lg ipAw sI ikauN ik mhwrwjy ny iDAwn isMh fogry ƒ Awpxy ’qy hwvI nhIN sI hox id`qw, jd ik iDAwn isMh pihlW rxjIq isMG qy iPr nOinhwl isMG vyly mukMml qwkq ƒ Awpxy h`Q ivc r`iKAw krdw sI[ ies dOrwn sMDwvwlIAW Aqy iDAwn isMh ivc hkUmq ’qy kbzw kr ky ies nUM Awps ivc vMf lYx bwry iek Ax-AYlwinAw smJOqw vI ho igAw sI[ ieh vI crcw sI sMDwvwlIAW ny iek JUTw hukm iqAwr krvw ilAw sI ijs muqwibk mhwrwjw Syr isMG ny iDAwn isMh fogry ƒ ^qm krn dy hukm jwrI kIqy hoey sn[ AwpxI mOq ƒ swhmxy vyK ky hI iDAwn isMh ny sMDwvwlIAW nwl nyVqw kwiem kr leI sI[

15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn mOkw qwV ky AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny mhwrwjw Syr isMG ƒ golI mwr ky mwr idqw qy aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ dUjy pwsy lihxw isMG sMDwvwlIAW ny roNdy-kurlWdy 12 swl dy b`cy pRqwb isMG (puqr mhwrwjw Syr isMG) ƒ vI kql kr id`qw[ kuJ mgroN dovyN sMDwvwlIey iDAwn isMh kol hzUrI bwg gey qy glbwq krn dy bhwny aus ƒ iklyH ivc iljw ky kql kr id`qw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Syr isMG, igAwnI

igAwnI Syr isMG (1890- 7 AkqUbr 1944) dw jnm BweI virAwm isMG DwlIvwl dy Gr ipMf TIkrIvwlw ivc hoieAw sI[ auh isr& do swl dw hI sI ik aus dIAW A`KW dI rOSnI clI geI; pr auh pVHn dw eynw SOkIn sI ik ies dy bwvjUd aus ny pVHweI jwrI r`KI[ auh pVHn vwsqy AMimRsr Aqy irSIkyS vI igAw[ aus ny pMjwbI qoN ielwvw AMgryzI, sMsikRq Aqy aurdU zUbwnW dw swihq vI piVHAw[ sMn 1911 ivc auh ipSwvr clw igAw qy is`K imSnrI lihr dw ih`sw bx igAw[ 1915 ivc aus ny rwvlipMfI ivc imSnrI lihr hyT Drm pRcwr dI syvw SurUU kIqI[ ieh aus smW sI jd AwrIAw smwj dy cODrIAW ny is`K Drm ’qy hmly SurU kIqy hoey sn[ igAwnI Syr isMG aunHW dIAW ilKqW dw dlIlW sihq b^UbI jvwb idAw krdw sI[ ies smyN dOrwn aus ny bhuq swry pYN&ilt qy kuJ ikqwbW vI ilKIAW, ijnHW ivcoN muK ieh sn: jIvn gurU hrgoibMd, jIvn gurU hr rwie, : jIvn gurU hr ikSn, : jIvn gurU guru goibMd isMG, inqnym stIk, rwgmwlw drpx, gurU gRMQ qy pMQ, gurU swihb qy vyd Awid qoN ielwvw bhuq swry trYkt[

1920 ivc jd gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI qW auh ies dw Atu`t ih`sw bx igAw[ auh ‘AkwlI’, ‘AslI kOmI drd’ qy ‘is`K syvk’ dy AYfItr vjoN syvw krdw irhw[ AkqUbr 1923 ivc jd SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr-kwnUMnI krwr id`qw igAw qW swry AkwlI AwgUAW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ igAwnI Syr isMG aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ ieh swry AwgU 1923 qoN 1925 qk lwhOr iklHy ivc kYd rhy[ 1925 ivc gurduAwrw AYkt bxn mgroN srkwr ny AYlwn kIqw ik ijhVy AwgU gurduAwrw AYkt nUM mMnx dw AYlwn krngy aunHW nUM irhw kr id`qw jwvygw[ jnvrI 1926 ivc irhw hox vwilAW ivc igAwnI Syr isMG vI sI[ ienHW irhweIAW nwl is`KW ivc Put pY geI; bhuq lok irhw hox vwilAW dy i^lw& ho gey[ ies nwl igAwnI Syr isMG dI mkbUlIAq nUM vI D`kw l`gw[ pr ies dy bwvjUd auh pMQk syvw ivc ih`sw pwauNdw irhw[ auh qy bwbw KVk isMG iek gru`p vjoN kMm krdy rhy[ 1928 ivc jdoN AsYNblIAW qy kONslW ivc i&rkU numwieMdgI dy svwl ’qy lKnaU, Alwhwbwd Aqy kolkwqw ivc kwn&rMsW hoeIAW qW aus ny ienHW ivc is`KW dy numwieMdy vjoN ih`sw ilAw[

1931 ivc aus nUM fskw morcy dOrwn igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ auh 16 nvMbr 1931 qoN 17 meI 1932 qk jylH ivc irhw[ ies mgroN auh brmw clw igAw qy Drm pRcwr ivc bhuq rol Adw kIqw[ igAwnI Syr isMG iek bhuq zordwr vkqw Aqy bhuq isAwxw ilKwrI sI[ aus dI mOq 1944 ivc hoeI[ mrn qoN kuJ smW pihlW (15 nvMbr 1941 dy idn) aus ny Awpxy purwxy swQI mwstr qwrw isMG nwl mqByd dUr kr ky eykqw kr leI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

SIhW msMd

SIhW nW dw DIr m`l dw iek msMd vI sI, ijs ny bkwlw (hux bwbw bkwlw) ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ’qy bMdUk nwl golI dw inSwnw lwieAw sI, pr gurU jI bc gey sn[ BweI m`Kx Swh lubwxw ny ies nUM s^q szw id`qI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

SIhW isMG

ieh id`lI dw rihx vwlw iek is`K sI[ ies ny gurU goibMd isMG jI dIAW pqnIAW (suMdr kOr qy swihb kOr) dy id`lI invws vyly bhuq syvw kIqI[ mwrc 1706 ivc jd guru goibMd isMG jI qlvMfI swbo ivc sn qW ieh dohW mwqwvW nUM au~Qy lY ky igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

SIhW/ sIhW

1. BweI SIhW qy g`jx aupl zwq dy is`K gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN ivc hoey sn[ aunHW dw izkr BweI gurdws AwpxIAW vwrW ivc krdy hn: “SIhW auplu jwxIAY, gjxu auplu siqgu BwvY” (vwr 11, pauVI 14)[ inrmlw sUrq isMG (ijs ny BweI mnI isMG dy nW ‟qy „is`KW dI Bgqmwlw‟ ilKI sI) ny aus bwry iek khwxI ibAwn kIqI hY ik auh iek vwr gurU nwnk swihb krqwrpur nUM jWdy aus kol ruky sn[ gurU jI dy nl bhuq swry is`K vI sn[ Agly idnI BweI SIhW dI bytI dI SwdI sI Aqy aunHW ny bwrwq vwsqy imTweIAW bxw ky r`KIAW hoeIAW sn[ SIhW ny auh imTweI gurU jI Aqy is`KW nUM KuAw id`qI[gurU jI dy jwx mgroN SIhW dI GrvwlI ny pu`iCAw ik hux bwrwq nUM kI KuAwvWgy, pr SIhW ny aus nUM icMqw nw krn vwsqy ikhw[ Agly idn bwrwq AweI qy pMj idn auQy TihrI[ aus ny aunHW dI bVy ipAwr nwl syvw kIqI qy auh bhuq ^uS ho ky au~QoN gey[ ieMj gurU jI dI ikrpw nwl aus dI ie`zq kwiem rhI.
2. ieh kSmIr dw rihx vwlw iek mihrw sI[ jd gurU nwnk swihb kSmIr gey qW aus dOrwn BweI SIhW Aqy BweI h`sU gurU jI dI syvw ivc hwzr rhy[ ieh vI ikhw jWdw hY ik jd gurU jI bwxI gwauNdy sn qW ieh aus nUM nwl-nwl ilKI vI jWdy sn
3. KfUr vwsI au~pl goq dw KqrI, jo gurU AMgd swihb Aqy gurU Amr dws swihb dy smyN gurU drbwr ivc hwzr huMdw rihMdw sI[ SIhW dI iek bytI sI, ijs dw nW mQo sI[gurU Amr dws jI dy kihx ‟qy aus ny aus dw ivAwh ipMf KweI (izlHw lwhOr) iek KqrI nOjvwn, ijs dw nW pRymw sI qy aus nUM murwrI vI kihMdy sn, nwl kr id`qw sI[mgroN ies bytI mQo qy aus dy pqI murwrI ny is`KI prcwr ivc bhuq ih`sw pwieAw[ gurU jI v`loN QwpIAW hoeIAW bweI mMjIAW ivcoN iek ies pqI-pqnI kol vI sI

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

iSromxI AkwlI dl

iSromxI AkwlI dl (vDyry kr ky SRomxI hI iliKAw jWdw hY) is`KW dI sB qoN suprIm jQybMdI hY[ AkwlI dl dI kwiemI 14 dsMbr, 1920 dy idn ‘gurduAwrw syvk dl’ dy nW hyT hoeI sI[ 23 jnvrI, 1921 dy idn ies dw nW ‘AkwlI dl’ r`K id`qw igAw[ Agly idn 24 jnvrI 1921 dy idn pRDwn dI cox hoeI ijs ivc srmuK isMG Jbwl pihly jQydwr bxwey gey sn[ AkwlI dl dI kwiemI dw mksd sI: gurduAwirAW ƒ mhMqW qoN Awzwd krvwaux ivc iSromxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI mdd krnw[ ies nUM ijlHw j`iQAW qoN v`KirAwaux vwsqy 29 mwrc, 1922 dy idn ies dw nW ‘iSromxI AkwlI dl’ r`K id`qw igAw[ 1921 qoN 1925 qk iSromxI AkwlI dl Aqy izlHw qy srkl AkwlI jiQAW dw v`fw rol AkwlI moricAW ivc j`Qy Byjxw Aqy &Mf iek`Ty kr ky morcw, SRomxI kmytI qy kYdI isMGW dy pirvwrW dI mdd krnw sI[

BwvyN sYNtrl is`K lIg 1919 ivc kwiem ho geI sI Aqy is`K pMQ dI isAwsI jmwq vjoN ivcr rhI sI, pr ies dw rol iksy mwArky vwlI kwrvweI qoN s`Kxw sI[ auDr 1925 ivc gurduAwrw AYkt bxn mgroN, qy ^ws kr ky 1926 ivc AkwlI AwgUAW dIAW irhweIAW mgroN, AkwlI lIfriSp iek vwr Pyr jQybMd ho geI[ ies nwl aunHW dI jQybMdI bVI qwkqvwr ho geI[ ies hwlq ivc AkwlI dl ny is`K kOm dI isAwsI vwgofr vI sMBwl leI[ BwvyN sYNtrl is`K lIg jQybMdI vjoN qW kwiem rhI, pr AslI qwkqvr pwrtI AkwlI dl hI sI[ 1930 qoN mgroN SRomxI AkwlI dl is`K pMQ dI ieko iek jmwq bx igAw[

ies mgroN vI AkwlI dl ivcoN keI lIfr v`K hoey qy aunHW ny nvIAW AkwlI jQybMdIAW vI bxvweIAW[ ienHW ivcoN ^ws AwgU sn: bwbw KVk isMG, ig: Syr isMG, s.b. mihqwb isMG vgYrw[ ieh AwgU pMQk rol qoN dUr qW nw gey pr pMQ dI v`fI igxqI ny ienHW dI AgvweI kbUl nw kIqI qy mUl jQybMdI dw swQ nw C`ifAw[ ieM\ ieh lIfriSp Coty-moty nukswn krn qoN isvw koeI n&I dw rol vI Adw nw kr skI[ jdoN 1940 ivc muslm lIg ny pwiksqwn dI kwiemI dw rOlw pwieAw qW AkwlI Aqy dUjy is`K lIfrW ny vI ie`qhwd idKwieAw[ pr ieh ie`qhwd bhuqI dyr nw c`l sikAw[ S^sIAqW dy tkrwA, haUmY, km-AklI qy swVy dI vjHw kr ky is`K lIfriSp ivc zbrdsq Pu`t pY geI[ nqIjy vjoN is`K kOm dw 1947 ivc v`fw nukswn hoieAw[ is`K Awzwd mulk hwsl vI nw kr sky Aqy 20 l`K jwnW vI guAweIAW Aqy nwnkwxw swihb sxy svw sO qoN v`D gurduAwirAW dw ieMqzwm vI h`QoN guAw bYTy qy pwiksqwn ivc C`fxy pey[

1947 qoN mgroN vI vzIrI/qwkq/dOlq dI Bu`K ny bhuq swrI AkwlI lIfriSp ƒ kWgrs v`l iKc ilAw[ kWgrsI-bxy AkwlI, is`KW dI qbwhI krvw ky vI, Awpxy injI qy vkqI &wieidAW dI soc vl tur pey[ ies nwl is`KW ivc bVI audwsI CweI[ auDr ihMdU lIfriSp Aqy A&sr-SwhI is`KW nwl hr moV ’qy D`kw krn l`g peI[ hwlwq Aijhy bx gey ik is`KI bcwaux vwsqy pMQ ƒ pRogrwm aulIkxw pY igAw[ AkwlI dl ny pMQk mu&wd ƒ swhvyN r`KidAW pMjwbI bolI dy sUby dI mMg SurU kr id`qI[ 1955 qoN 1960 ’c do morcy vI lwey[ A^Ir 1966 ivc pMjwbI sUbw bx igAw pr ies ivcoN jwn k`F leI geI[ 1967 ivc pMjwb ’c AkwlI srkwr bx geI[ hux is`KW ivc iek nvIN jmwq pYdw ho geI, jo qwkq dI soc nwl isAwsq ’c kwbz hox l`g peI[ 1967 ivc mwstr qwrw isMG dI mOq mgroN dUjI pIVHI AkwlI dl ’qy kwbz ho geI[ &qih isMG qy cMnx isMG, ijhVy ik mwstr qwrw isMG ivru`D swizSI mwhOl ivc A`gy Awey sn, pihlI vwrI AweI qwkq Kusx mgroN, CyqI hI (1972 ivc) zlIl ho ky cVHweI kr gey[ hux vwrI sI gurcrn isMG tOhVw, mohx isMG isMG quV, jgdyv isMG qlvMfI qy pRkwS isMG bwdl vZYrw dI[

AkwlI dl ny 1967 qoN 1968, 1969 qoN 1971 qk pMjwb ’c hkUmq kIqI[ 1972 ivc kWgrs ny hkUmq Koh leI [ 1977 ivc AkwlI dl Pyr hwkm bx igAw[ 1980 ivc kWgrs ny AkwlI srkwr qoV id`qI[ ies vyly inrMkwrIAW vloN 13 is`KW dy kql (13 AprYl, 1978) dy nwl hI juJwrU lihr SurU ho cu`kI sI[ 1980 ivc gurbcn isMh inrMkwrI dy kql mgroN pMjwb ’c gurIlw lVweI SurU ho geI[ bwbw jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwly dy Awaux nwl juJwrU lIfriSp iek`TI ho geI[ 1982 ivc AkwlI dl ny ‘Drm Xu`D’ morcw SurU kr id`qw[ ieMdrw gWDI dI srkwr ny is`KW ƒ sbk isKwaux vwsqy 4 jUn 1984 ƒ drbwr swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ hzwrW is`K kql kr id`qy gey [ swry AkwlI AwgU igR&qwr kr ky jylHIN sut id`qy gey[ 31 AkqUbr ƒ ieMdrw kql mgroN hor hzwrW is`K kql kIqy gey[ 1985 ’c AkwlI AwgU irhwA kr id`qy gey[ aunHW ny iBMfrWvwilAW dy ipqw ƒ lIfr mMn ilAw pr ieh g`l QoVHI dyr hI c`lI[ ies nwl do AkwlI dl bx gey[ auDr rwjIv gWDI ny surjIq brnwly nwl gMF qrup kr ky aus ƒ cI& minstr bxvw id`qw[ pr lONgovwl AkwlI dl ’c Asl qkVw grup bwdl qy tOhVw dw sI[ brnwly v`loN 30 AprYl 1986 dy idn drbwr swihb ’qy hmlw krn mgroN bwdl-tOhVw grup ny v`Krw AkwlI dl bxw ilAw[ brnwly ƒ kuJ icr vrqx mgroN rwjIv ny r`d kr id`qw[ bwdl-tOhVw grup ƒ ies nwl hor qwkq imlI pr ies vyly KwVkU dOr SurU ho igAw[ KwVkU grup ny ismrnjIq isMG mwn ƒ lIfr mMn ilAw[ 1989 dIAW coxW ivc KwVkUAW dy auNmIdvwrW ny pMjwb ’c pwrlImYNt coxW ’c hUMJw-Pyr ij`q hwsl kIqI[ 1992 qk KwVkUAW dw dOr BwrU irhw qy bwdl-tOhVw grup dI qwkq nw bx skI[ 1992 ’c KwVkUAW dw kqlyAwm SurU ho igAw Aqy aunHW dw zvwl SurU ho igAw[ 1995 qk KwVkU lihr qkrIbn mu`k cu`kI sI[ ies mgroN AkwlI dl dy do DVy qwkqvr grup bx gey: tOhVw-mwn grup qy bwdl grup[ kuJ icr mgroN bwdl qy tOhVw nyVy Aw gey[ ieM\ mwn grup dI qwkq G`t geI[ hOlI-hOlI bwdl-tOhVw grup vDyry qwkqvwr huMdw igAw[ 1996 dIAW gurduAwrw coxW ’c bwdl tOhVw grup ny 95 &I sdI is`tW ij`q leIAW[ mwn kol isrP 8 sItW hI rhIAW[ iPr &rvrI 1997 ivc AsYNblI dIAW coxW ivc bwdl-tOhVw grup ny BwrqI jnqw pwrtI nwl rl ky coxW lV ky do-iqhweI qoN vI vD sItW ij`q ky srkwr bxweI[ &rvrI 1998 ivc pwrlImYNt dIAW coxW ivc AkwlI dl (bwdl-tOhVw) ny swrIAW sItW ij`q ky AwpxI cVHq kwiem r`KI[ BwvyN ies vyly qk keI AkwlI vrkr srkwr qoN bhuq inrwS sn, pr aunHW ny AkwlI dl ƒ BrvW huMgwrw id`qw qy pMjwb ivc kWgrs pwrtI ƒ iek vI sIt nw ij`qx id`qI[ 1999 ivc bwdl ny tOhVw nUM pwrtI iv`coN k`F id`qw[ ies mgroN 2002 ivc hoeIAW AsYNblI coxW ivc bwdl DVy nUM burI qrHW hwr hoeI[ 2004 ivc bwdl qy tOhVw iPr iek`Ty ho gey[ Agly swl SRomxI gurdvwrw pRbMDk kmytI dIAW coxW hoeIAW ijs ivc bwdl DVy dIAW sItW 95% qoN Gt ky 70% rih geIAW[ 2007 dIAW AsYNblI coxW ivc bwdl AkwlI dl ny 117 ivcoN isr& 46 sItW (kWgrs ny 41) ij`qIAW qy 19 SihrI sItW Bwjpw ij`q geI[ bwdl ny Bwjpw dI mdd nwl cI& minstrI hwisl kIqI[ 2012 dIAW AsYNblI coxW ivc mnpRIq bwdl dI pMjwb pIplz pwrtI ny kWgrs dIAW votW ^rwb kIqIAW ijs kr ky bwdl iPr qwkq ivc Aw igAw Aqy aus ny pMjwb hI nhIN blik SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM vI

qbwh kr id`qw[ pr lokW ny aus nUM ies dI szw id`qI qy 2017 dIAW AsYNblI coxW ivc AkwlI dl bwdl 117 ivcoN isr& 15 sItW hI ij`q sikAw[

SRomxI AkwlI dl is`KW dI sB qoN v`fI jmwq hY[ AkwlI dl is`KW dI bhuigxqI dI numwieMdgI krdw hY[ pr 1996 ivc, pRkwS isMG bwdl ny ies dw Dwrimk inSwnw bdl id`qw, jdoN aus ny ies dy mu`Fly AsUlW dw ^wqmw krn leI ZYr-is`KW ƒ Awpxy DVy dy dl ivc Swiml krn dI iejwzq dy id`qI[ mgroN prkwS bwdl gru`p ny iek-iek kr ky swrw is`K AjMfw ^qm kr id`qw[ ^ws kr ky 2005 qoN mgroN qW bwdl ny AYNtI-is`K AjMfw Apxw ilAw[ A`j bwdl DVw Awr.AYs. AYs. qoN vD AYNtI-is`K hY[ A`j keI hor in`ky-v`fy AkwlI dl vI kwiem hn[ bwdl gru`p qW is`K-duSmx ho cukw hY (qy bwkI gru`p bs zrw-mwsw hI vjUd rKdy hn)[

vDyry q&sIl vwsqy pVHo:

SromxI AkwlI dl (ieiqhws)

jW

is`K qvwrI^ (5 ijldW ivc).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

iSromxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI

iSoRmxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ((vDyry kr ky SRomxI kmytI hI iliKAw jWdw hY) kmytI), auh Adwrw hY, jo gurduAwrw AYkt-1925 dI sUcI ivc drj qvwrI^I gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl leI is`K bwlgW dIAW votW nwl cuxI jWdI hY[ ies sUcI ivc pMjwb, hirAwxw, ihmWcl Aqy cMfIgVH dy gurduAwry Swiml hn[ (pihlW ies ivc auh gurduAwry vI Swiml sn, jo 1947 ivc pwiksqwn bxn qoN bwAd p`CmI pMjwb ivc rih gey sn[ ienHW gurduAwirAW ‘qy pwiksqwn srkwr AOkw& rwhIN kMtrol krdI hY[ ip`Cy ijhy pwiksqwn srkwr ny vI gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl leI “pwiksqwn is`K gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI” bxw id`qI, ijs dw pRDwn pihloN ie`k muslmwn sI[ AkqUbr 2004 ivc, muslmwn dI QW ‘qy iek is`K nUM rsmI qOr ‘qy pRDwn bxw id`qw igAw sI (auN\ swrw kMtrol pwiksqwn srkwr kol hI hY)[

gurduAwrw AYkt bxwaux vwsqy 1920 qoN 1925 qk bVI j`do-jihd krnI peI sI[ ies dOrwn 50 hzwr is`K igR&qwr hoey, 5 sO ShId hoey, 3 hzwr z^mI hoey Aqy l`KW rupey jurmwny vI Brny pey[ ies kwƒn dy bwvjUd keI gurduAwry (pwaUNtw, fyhrwdUn, ibdr, nMdyV, ptnw swihb vgYrw) is`KW ƒ nhIN iml sky[ 1947 qoN mgroN vI ies ivc keI qrmImW kIqIAW geIAW[ sB qoN v`fI D`kySwhI sI piqq Aqy AKOqI-sihjDwrI dy nW ’qy ihMdUAW dw kmytI dIAW coxW ivc votr bxnw[ ieh D`kw 2017 ivc kwnUMnI qOr ’qy ^qm hoieAw[ SoRmxI kmytI dIAW coxW hryk pMj swlW bwAd krvweIAW jWdIAw hn BwvyN 1965 qoN mgroN N 2004 qk (39 swlW ivc) isr& iqMn vwr hI (1979, 1996 Aqy 2004 ivc) coxW krvweIAW geIAW sn[ ies mgroN sq swl bwAd 2011 ivc coxW krvweIAW geIAW sn[ SoRmxI AkwlI dl hmySw 90% votW hwisl krdw AwieAw hY (2004 ƒ C`f ky, jdoN pMQk morcw dy swry DiVAW ny 42% votW pRwpq kIqIAW sn)[ 1948, 1958 Aqy 1962 ivc, BwrqI srkwr ny mYNbr ^rId ky SRomxI kmytI au~pr kbzw kr ilAw (pr AglIAW coxW ivc hmySw burI qrHW hwr KwDI)[ SRomxI kmytI dy pihly pRDwn suMdr isMG mjIiTAw, hrbMs isMG AtwrI qy bwbw KVk isMG sn[ 1926 ivc ‘gurduAwrw AYkt’ hyT hoeIAW coxW ivc bwbw KVk isMG pihly pRDwn bxy[ aunHW qoN mgroN mwstr qwrw isMG, gopwl isMG kOmI, pRqwp isMG SMkr, mohn isMG nwgoky, aUDm isMG nwgoky, cMnx isMG aurwVw, nwhr isMG, pRIqm isMG KuVMj, eISr isMG mJYl, bwvw hrikSn isMG, pRym isMG lwlpurw, AjIq isMG bwlw, ikrpwl isMG ckSyrw, cMnx isMG, gurcrn isMG tOhVw, bldyv isMG isbIAw, jgIr kOr, jgdyv isMG qlvMfI, ikrpwl isMG bfUMgr, Avqwr isMG m`kV, goibMd lONgovwl vgYrw vI pRDwn bxy[

SoRmxI kmytI kool hryk swl dw 1000 kroV rupY qoN vD dw bjt huMdw hY[ ieh iek qrHW nwl “rwj dy iv`c rwj” dI qrHW hY[ SRomxI kmytI “is`KW dI pwrlImYNt” bx skdI hY pr ies AkwlI dl v`loN nwmzd kIqy jWdy mYNbrW ivcoN bhuqy qW shI is`K vI nhIN huMdy ies kr ky ies dw Asl mksd ^qm ho cukw hY[ auN\ vI SoRmxI kmytI dy mYNbrW dI cox dw qrIkw is`KI isDwqW nwl myl nhIN KWdw[ iek isAwsI jmwq, klb, XUnIAn Aqy gurduAwry dI syvw sMBwl krn vwilAW dI cox dw FMg v`K-v`K hoxw cwhIdw hY[

SoRmxI kmytI gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl qoN ielwvw, 60 qoN v`D skUl Aqy kwlj vI clwauNdI hY pr ienHW ivcoN koeI vI Adwrw koeI Dwrimk rol Adw nhIN kr irhw, ikauNik SoRmxI kmytI dy pRDwn (Kws qOr ‘qy gurcrn isMG tOhVw) ny izAwdwqr nOkrIAW kimaUinstW, ZYr-is`KW Aqy is`KI iv`c XkIn nw r`Kx vwilAW ƒ id`qIAW sn[ ieM\ hI Drm pRcwr dy kMmW dy nW ‘qy SRomxI kmytI dy kroVW ruipAW dy &Mf Zbn kr ley jWdy hn qy Gwlw-mwlw kr ilAw jWdw hY[ SoRmxI kmytI au~qy iek hor dwZ ieh vI hY isAwsI A`fw bxdI jw rhI hY[ gurcrn isMG tohVw 25 swlW qoN v`D ies dw pRDwn irhw sI ies leI ies dI kwrguzwrI ivc KVoq Aw geI sI[ tOhVw dI mOq (30.4.2004) qoN bwAd ieh Adwrw Dwrimk nwloN isAwsI vDyry bx igAw hY ikauNik pRkwS bwdl ies ƒ pwrtI Aqy in`jI &wieidAW leI vrqdw hY[

SRomxI kmytI dI hwlq iPr 1920 qoN pihlW mhMqW vwlI ho cukI hY[ SRomxI kmytI dw bhuqw pYsw, kwbz (bwdl) DVy dy, isAwsI qy bwdl DVy dI lIfriSp dy injI pRcwr vwsqy guAwieAw jw irhw hY[ Drm pRcwr dy &Mf nUM vI A-is`K kwrvweIAW vwsqy lu`itAw jw irhw hY[ bwdl dy bxwey pRDwnW iv`coN AlivMdrpwl isMG p`Koky, jwgIr kOr, ikRpwl isMG bfUMgr Aqy Avqwr isMG m`kV ny qW ies dy &MfW dI ^Ub lu`t-Ksu`t mcweI sI[ bwdl dIAW hdwieqW ivc SRomxI kmytI kurpSn, kuDrm, ivBcwr qy pwp dw A`fw bx ky rih geI hY[

– SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy jnm bwry q&sIl jwxn vwsqy pVHo ikqwb: SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ikvyN bxI?

– SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dIAW 50 swlw (1920-1970) qk dIAW kwrvweIAW bwry pVHo: SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pMjwh swlw ieiqhws.

vDyry q&sIl vwsqy pVHo

SromxI AkwlI dl (ieiqhws)

jW

is`K qvwrI^ (5 ijldW ivc).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

iSv isMG

iSv isMG aunHW pMj is`KW ivcoN iek sI, ijnHW ny gurU goibMd isMG jI dI ilKI ic`TI AOrMgzyb qk phuMcweI sI[ bwkI cwr sn: dieAw isMG, Drm isMG, dysw isMG qy jyTw isMG.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

iSvwjI mrh`tw

SwhjI BONslw Aqy jIjw bweI dw pu`qr iSvwjI (6.4.1627 jW 19.2.1630 – 3.4.1680) mrh`tw kOm dw iek bhwdr jrnYl sI[ aus dw ipqw iSv Bgq sI ies kr ky aus ny pu`qr dw nW iSvwjI r`iKAw sI[ iSvwjI dw ipqw SwhjI BONslw d`Kx dy sulqwnW dI &Oj ivc nOkr sI[ aus vyly d`Kx dy sulqwnW dy iqMn muK kyNdr sn: bIjwpur, Ahmdngr Aqy golkMfw[ SwhjI sdw ie`ko irAwsq ivc nOkr nhIN irhw sI[ Ajy iSvwjI b`cw hI sI ik SwhjI BONslw ny iek hor SwdI kr leI Aqy krnwtk rihx lg ipAw[ ip`CoN iSvwjI dw pwln poSn koNifE dwdojI ny kIqw sI[ ies hwlq ivc iSvwjI nUM pVHweI qoN vWi\AW rihxw ipAw[ 12 swl dI aumr ivc aus nUM bMglOr iljwieAw igAw[ jvwn hox mgroN aus ny AwidlSwhI hkUmq dy i^lw& prcwr SurU kr id`qw[ aus ny 1645 ivc qornw iklHy ’qy kbzw vI kr ilAw, pr ieh kbzw bhuqI dyr nw c`ilAw qy 25 julweI 1648 dy idn iSvwjI nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ jyLH ivc iSvwjI ny ieh drswauxw SurU kr id`qw ik aus isAwsq qoN rItwier ho igAw hY, ies kr ky kuJ swl mgroN aus nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw[ pr 1656 ivc aus ny iPr kbizAW dI muihMm SurU kr id`qI[ 1659 ivc sulqwn Awidl Swh ny A&zl ^wn nUM iSvwjI nwl g`lbwq vwsqy ByijAw[ iSvwjI ny 10 nvMbr dy idn aus nUM DoK nwl mwr id`qw[ies mgroN hoeI prqwpgVH dI lVweI ivc aus nUM ij`q hwisl hoeI[ ies mgroN kohlwpur dI lVweI ivc auh jyqU irhw[ pr muZlW nwl juMnr dI lVweI ivc vI auh hwr igAw[ ies ip`CoN AOrMgzyb dy cwcy Swiesqw ^wn ny iek v`fI &Oj nwl iSvwjI dy bhuq swry ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ApRYl 1663 ivc iSvwjI ny puny ivc muZl &OjW dw bhuq nukswn kIqw[ hux AOrMgzyb ny imrzw jY isMh AMbyrI nUM v`fI &Oj dy ky iSvwjI dy i^lw& rvwnw kIqw[ ies hwlq ivc iSvwjI ny mjbUr ho ky 11 jUn 1665 dy idn muZlW nwl ‘purMdr dy Aihdnwmy’ hyT smJOqw kr ilAw, ijs hyT aus nUM 23 iklHy Aqy 40 hzwr rupY hrjwn dyxw ipAw, Aqy, Awpxy pu`qr sMBwjI nUM zwmnI vjoN muZl drbwr ivc r`Kxw mnzUr krnw ipAw[ 1666 ivc AOrMgzyb ny iSvwjI qy aus dy pu`qr nUM Awgrw ivc bulwieAw[ jd aus nUM drbwr ivc mnsbdwrW dy ip`Cy KVHw kIqw igAw qW aus ny ieqrwz kIqw ijs ’qy aus nUM kYd kr ilAw igAw[ ies kYd ivcoN auh cwlwkI nwl B`j igAw[ AOrMgzyb ny aus nwl iPr smJOqw kr ilAw qy 1668 ivc aus nUM rwjw dw i^qwb moV id`qw igAw Aqy aus dy pu`qr sMBwjI nUM 5000 dw mnsb vI dy id`qw igAw[ ieh smJOqw isr& do ku swl c`ilAw[ 37 swl dI aumr ivc aus ny bIjwpur irAwsq dy AwidlSwhI sulqwn dI slqnq ivc AwpxI irAwsq dw mu`F bMinHAw[ aus dI qwjpoSI 6 jUn 1674 dy idn iSvnyrI iklHy ivc hoeI sI[ iesy swl aus ny KwndyS dw ielwkw vI kbzy ivc kr ilAw[ ies dOrwn aus dw pu`qr sMBwjI bhq A`XwS Aqy D`kyKor bx cukw sI[ iSvwjI ny aus nUM nzrbMd vI krI r`iKAw[ mwrc 1680 dy A^Ir ivc iSvwjI bImwr ho igAw qy iesy nwl hI isr& 50-52 swl dI aumr ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI[

iSvwjI dy is`KW nwl vI sbMD sn[ aus dw ausqwd smrQ rwmdws gurU hrgoibMd swihb nUM 1634 ivc sRIngr (gVHvwl) ivc imilAw sI qy ieh i^Awl kIqw jWdw hY ik aus ny gurU jI v`loN id`qI isiKAw nUM A`goN iSvwjI nUM isKwieAw sI[ iSvwjI Aqy is`KW dw dUjw sbMD ieh hY ik BweI l`KI swh vxjwrw ny pYsy qy hiQAwrW Aqy hor keI kuJ nwl iSvwjI dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI[ l`KI rwey v`loN mrh`itAW dI mdd dy sbUq ies g“l qoN vI iml jWdy hn ik A`j vI aus ielwky ivc l`KI Swh dy lwey hoey keI KUh mOjUd hn. hor vyKo: smrQ rwmdws, sRIngr, l`KI rwey vxjwrw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

iSvdyv isMG

ieh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy pu`qr Syr isMG dw rwxI dkxoN dy pyt qoN jnimAw pu`qr sI[ jd mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM pMjwb ivcoN k`F ky &qihgVH (auqr pRdyS) ivc r`iKAw igAw qW iSvdyv isMG qy aus dI mW nUM brylI iljwieAw igAw Aqy iesweI imSnrIAW dy dyK-ryK ivc r`iKAw igAw[ ie`Qy aus ny AwpxI bwkI swrI aumr ibqweI[ aus dw koeI vwirs nhI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

iSXwm julkw qy iSXwm BwbVw

ieh gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc rihx vwly do is`K sn[ 1709 ivc jd ikrpwl isMG (mwmw gurU goibMd isMG) id`lI qoN gurU-dw-c`k AwieAw qW aus ny ngr dy msilAW bwry ijnHW muK bMidAW nwl g`lbwq kIqI sI ieh dovyN aunHW ivcoN Swiml sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

iSXwm isMG

iSXwm isMG (iSAwm isMG) dIp cMd dw pu`qr, sUrj m`l dw poqw Aqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw pVpoqw sI[ aus dw jnm 1662 ivc kIrqpur ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dI SwdI AnUp kOr nwl hoeI sI ijs ny nwhr isMG nUM jnm id`qw sI[ SXwm isMG ny AwpxI izMdgI dw bhuqw smW kIrqpur, c`k nwnkI Aqy AnMdpur ivc hI ibqwieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

iskMdr hXwq ^wn

sr iskMdr hXwq ^wn (5.6.1892 – 26.12.1942) vwh dy nvwb muhMmd hXwq ^wn, jo Atk dy K`tr kbIly ivcoN sI, dw bytw sI[ aus ny AlIgVH XUnIvristI qoN bI.ey pws kIqI sI qy hor pVHweI krnw vwsqy ieMglYNf vI igAw sI[ pr 1915 ivc Gr dy hwlwq kwrn aus nUM iv`cy Cf ky vwips mVnw ipAw sI[ pihlI jMg vyly aus ny srkwr dI bhuq mdd kIqI Aqy ies syvw bdly aus nUM ikMgz kimSn’ dw snmwn imilAw[ A&Zwn jMg ivc mdd bdly aus nUM AYm.bI.eI. dw i^qwb id`qw igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny vpwr ivc vI bhuq kwmXwbI hwisl kIqI[ auh vwh tI Astyt, AMimRqsr-ksUr rylvy, isAwlkot-nwrovwl rylvy, pIplz bYNk Aw& nwrQ ieMfIAw qy hor keI kMpnIAW dw fwierYktr sI[ 1935 ivc auh kuJ smW nvyN kwiem kIqy rIzrv bYNk Aw& ieMfIAw dw AYkitMg ifptI fierYktr vI irhw sI[ 1921 ivc auh pihlI vwr pMjwb kONsl dw mYNbr bixAw[ CyqI hI auh &zlI husYn dI QW XUnIAinst pwrtI dw muKI bx igAw[ 1937 dIAW coxW ivc aus dI pwrtI ny pMjwb ivc sB qoN vD bhuq v`fI kwmXwbI hwisl kIqI[ 19 julweI 1932 qoN 19 AkqUbr 1932 qk auh pMjwb dw gvrnr vI irhw[ 1937 qoN 1942 qk auh pMjwb dw cI& minstr irhw[

aus ny pMjwb ivc is`K musilm ihMdU sdBwvnw kwiem krn ivc bhuq rol Adw kIqw sI; auN\ aus dy Aihd dOrwn vI is`KW nUM Jtky dI iejwzq vwsqy kuJ smW j`dojihd krnI peI sI[ bldyv isMG aus dy smyN dOrwn hI vzIr bixAw sI[ pr, 1940 dy pwiksqwn dy mqy dI aus ny ihmwieq kIqI sI Aqy aus ny iskMdr –ijnwh pYkt kr ky nYSnilst pwrtI dy mYNbrW nUM musilm lIg ivc Swiml hox dI iejwzq id`qI sI[ pwrtI ivc aus dy ies &Ysly dw ivroD milk iKjr hXwq ^wn itvwxw ny kIqw sI (jo 1942 qoN 1947 qk pMjwb dw cI& minstr irhw sI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

is`K lIg

1917 qk is`KW dI koeI isAwsI jQybMdI nhIN sI[ isμG sBwvW Aqy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dI pwilsI-pRogrwm ivc ieh iliKAw hoieAw sI ‘koeI vI isAwsI kwrvweI nhIN kIqI jwvygI’, ies kr ky is`KW dy isAwsI msilAW ivc ies dw koeI v`fw rol nhIN sI[ cI& ^wlsw dIvwn dI kwiemI qoN mgroN 1907 ivc ikswn lihr dOrwn cI& ^wlsw dIvwn ny, idKwvy dy qOr ’qy, mUμh r`Kx vwsqy iek iF`lw ijhw srkwr-pRsqI vwlw mqw pws kIqw pr ies ƒ is`KW ny psμd nw kIqw[ ies msly ’qy vDyry Awvwz hrcμd isμG lwielpurI ny auTweI sI[ BwvyN pihlI AwlmI jμg (vrlf vwr) dOrwn ieh mslw db igAw pr jμg mgroN is`KW ivc iek isAwsI kOmI plyt&wrm kwiem krn vwsqy iehsws auTxw SurU ho igAw[

pihlI AwlmI jμg (vrlf vwr) ivc l`KW is`K AμgryzI &Oj ivc BrqI ho ky XUrp, A&rIkw Aqy dUr-pUrvI eySIAw ivc jrmn Aqy aus dy swQIAW dIAW &OjW dy i^lw& lVy[ ies lVweI ivc pμj l`K qoN vD is`K &OjI Swiml sn, ijnHW ivcoN 83000 qoN vD mwry gey Aqy iek l`K 10 hzwr dy krIb z^mI hoey[ pr ies jμg dy ^qm hox qoN bwAd rOlt AYkt, mwrSl lwA Aqy jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc Awm lokW dw kqlyAwm vrgy eInwm imly[ jμg qoN pihlW kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy muswiPrW nwl D`kw, bjbjGwt ivc golIAW nwl is`KW dw mwirAw jwxw Aqy Zdr lihr dOrwn PæWsIAW, szwvW Aqy jwiedwd zbqIAW ny vI is`KW dy idlW ivc AμgryzW vsqy n&rq BrI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw is`KW dy hor vI keI isAwsI msly sn, ijnHW ƒ pyS krn, aunHW bwry j`dojihd krn Aqy h`l krvwaux vwsqy koeI isAwsI plyt&wrm nhIN sI[ ies ƒ mihsUs kr ky v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc bYTy reIs, srdwr bhwdr (sRkwr dy AYvwrf lYx vwly cODrI), vkIl, pRo&Ysr Aqy hor srgrm is`KW ny iek jQybμdI kwiem krn dw crcw clwieAw[ Ajy vI jQybμdI kwiem krn dI ies soc ip`Cy srkwr nwl tkrwA vwlI soc nhIN sI ikauNik ies ip`Cy ijhVy lok sn aunHW ivcoN bhuqy srkwr-pRsq, srkwr dy v&wdwr jW srmweydwr qy jwgIrdwr sn[ Aijhy lok kdy vI srkwrW nwl tkrwA nhIN kirAw krdy[ dUjw, ienHW lokW dy pRogrwm ivc srkwr qoN shUlqW, &wiedy, Ahudy Aqy mYNbrIAW hwsl krnw muK AjMfw sI[

ies mwhOl ivc 1916 ivc lKnaU kwn&rμs ivc ihμdUAW Aqy muslmwnW ny kOslW ivc imlx vwlIAW sItW ivc Awpo-Awpxw kotw nIAq kr ilAw sI qy Aijhw kridAW is`KW ƒ pUrI qrHW nzr-Aμdwz kr idqw sI[ is`K vI cwhuμdy sI ik aunHW ƒ vI sItW imlx Aqy AμgryzI srkwr vloN imlx vwlIAW shUlqW ivc ‘is`K kotw’ nIAq ho jwvy[ ies sbMD ivc jnvrI 1917 ivc suMdr isMG mjIiTAw ny srkwr nUM iek mYmorMfm id`qw qy mMg kIqI ik kONslW ivc is`KW nUM vI aunHW dI puzISn (AbwdI nhIN) muqwibk vKrw kotw id`qw jwvy[ mjIiTAw dI ies koiSS dI pMjwb dy ihMdUAW (muslmwnW ny nhIN) ny BrpUr mu^wl&q kIqI[ aus vyly pMjwb dy numwieMidAW ivcoN 50% muslmwn hoxy sn qy is`KW nUM kotw dUijAW ivcoN imlxw sI Xwin ies dw ihMdUAW nUM is`Dw Gwtw hoxw sI[ ihMdUAW ny hux nvW rwg Alwpxw SurU kr id`qw ik is`K vKrw Drm hI nhIN[ is`KW ny ies swizS dw BrpUr jvwb id`qw[ ies qoN zwihr hY ik cI& Kwlsw dIvwn inrw-purw Dwrimk qy smwjk rol hI Adw nhIN sI kr irhw blik is`K isAwsI h`kW vwsqy vI kuJ-kuJ kwrvweIAW kr irhw sI[ AijhI mYNbrIAW, nwmzdgIAW Aqy Ahudy vZYrw sB imldy qW srkwr-pRsqW ƒ hI sn, ies kr ky is`KW dw iehI (srkwr-pRsq) ih`sw AijhIAW koiSSW kr irhw sI[ mgroN mONtyg-cYms&orf kmytI ny is`KW dy vKry koty dw h`k julweI 1918 ivc kbUl kr ilAw[ &rvrI 1919 swaUQbOro kmytI ny is`KW nUM pMjwb ivc 15% sItW dyx dI is&wrS kIqI[ pr ies ivc Zlq g`l ieh sI ik AKOqI sihjDwrI (drAsl ihMdU) qy keI horW bihrUpIAW nUM vI is`K mMinAw igAw sI[ ies nwl hr ihMdU Awpxy Awp nUM AKOqI sihjDwrI AwK ky cuxy jwx dw h`kdwr bx skdw sI[ is`K jQybMdIAW ny ies ibnwA ’qy coxW dw bweIkwt krn dI DmkI dy id`qI[(mgroN julweI 1920 ivc kuJ is`K AwgU lMfn gey Aqy sYktrI Aw& styt nUM imly pr aus ny is`KW dI koeI mdd nw kIqI[ mgroN jwieMt pwrlImYNtrI borf ny is`KW dI nuMmwieMdgI 15 qoN 18.75% kr id`qI ijs nwl is`K koty ivc do sItW vD geIAW[ pr ies dy nwl ieh vI ikhw igAw ik votrW nUM rijstrySn vyly Awpxy Awp nUM ihMdU jW is`K AYlwxnw pvygw[ ihMdUAW ny Awpxy Awp nUM bqOr is`K rijstr krn qoN nWh kr id`qI qy ieM\ AKOqI sihjDwrI dy nW ’qy is`K sItW dI T`gI ruk geI[ (ieM\ hI AKOqI sihjDwrI dy nW ’qy ihMdU SRomxI kmytI dy votr vI bxdy rhy[ A^Ir 2004 ivc iek AwrfInYNs aqy 2016 dy iek kwnUMn mgroN SRomxI kmytI dw vI ienHW nklI votrW qoN KihVw Cu`itAw)[ pr ieh kwrvweIAW isr& kONslW dIAW mYNbrIAW qy srkwr nwl imlvrqx vwlIAW g`lW qk hI mihdUd sn qy dUjw ieh jQybMdI vI ies mksd vwsqy koeI lok Awvwz nhIN sI auTw rhI[ aus vyly ihμdUAW vwsqy kWgrs Aqy muslmwnW vwsqy musilm lIg pihloN hI mOjUd sn[ 30 mwrc 1919 dy idn s:b: g`jx isMG, kONsl dy kuJ hor is`K mYNbr Aqy kuJ is`K reIs lwhOr ivc iek`Ty hoey Aqy aunHW ny is`K h`kW dI iek isAwsI jQybMdI bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[

13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn AMimRqsr ivc jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc jnrl fwier ny 379 bygunwh lokW nUM kql Aqy bwrHW sO qoN vD lokW nUM z^mI kr ky pMjwb ivc dihSq qy nwl hI roh dw mwhOl pYdw kr id`qw ies kr ky isAwsI is`K jQybMdI bxwaux dI kwrvweI ivc kuJ icr vwsqy KVoq Aw geI[ s`q mhIny dI ^wmoSI mgroN nvμbr 1919 dy dUjy h&qy ieh srgrm is`K iPr iek`Ty hoey Aqy aunHW ny dsμbr ivc iek v`fw iek`T kr ky ies dw AYlwn krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ muslmwnW dI ‘musilm lIg’ vWg nvIN jQybμdI dw nW vI ‘is`K lIg’ r`iKAw igAw (jo mgroN sYNtrl is`K lIg ho igAw)[

is`K lIg dw pihlw iejlws 27 dsμbr 1919 dy idn AμimRqsr ivc hoieAw[ ies ivc qkrIbn bwrHW sO is`K Swiml hoey[ ies smwgm ivc srdwr bhwdr g`jx isμG luiDAwxw iek`T dy pRDwn cuxy gey[ pRo: qyjw isμG (bnwrs ihμdU XUnIvristI) ny Ardws kr ky kwrvweI SurU krvweI[ g`jx isμG ny pRDwngI AYfrYs ivc ikhw, ‘pμjwb ivc is`KW dw h`k Gto Gt iek iqhweI hY[ kONsl dIAW sItW, jufISIArI dIAW AswmIAW, SwhI kimSnW Aqy hr mihkmy ivc ihμdUAW qy muslmwnW dy brwbr hY, ikauNik muAwmlw, rμgrUt (&OjI BrqI), jμg krn ivc is`K iqhweI qoN vI vD ih`sw pwauNdy hn[ …drbwr swihb dw pRμbD Aqy Dwrimk jgIrW is`K kOm dy pRbμD ivc hox[…’ ies mgroN hyT ilKy 15 mqy pws kIqy gey: (1) bwdSwh qy srkwr dI v&wdwrI dw XkIn idvwieAw igAw[ (2) it`kw swihb nwBw ƒ vDweI idqI geI[ (3) SwhI AYlwn ’qy SukrIAw kridAW mμg kIqI ik swry iksm dy isAwsI kYdI irhw kIqy jwx Aqy nzrbμd KulHy kIqy jwx[ (4) ihμdosqwn ƒ hor ibRitS klonIAW vrgI sYl& gvrnimμt idqI jwvy (5) 1919 dy AYkt ivc sYl& gvrnimμt nhIN idqI geI, auh idqI jwvy qy isKW ƒ pμjwb ivc pUry h`k idqy jwx (6) gurduAwirAW qy pμQk jgIrW dw pRbμD Kwlsw jI dy h`Q hovy qy cuxIAW kmytIAW pRbμD krn (7) pμjwb dw p`kw bμdobsq hovy, muAwmlw vDy Gty nw Aqy zmIn dw tYks hovy ikrwieAw (rYNt) nhIN (8) hiQAwrW dy kwƒn ivc qlvwrW ibnW lwiesYNs hox (9)

nihrW dw AwibAwxw GtwieAw jwey (10) is`KW ƒ v`fy-v`fy srkwrI AhuidAW ivc h`k dw ih`sw imly[ (11) is`KW ƒ SwhI kimSn hux nwloN vD imilAw krn (12) mdn mohn mwlvIAw qy moqI lwl nihrU dI mdd dw Dμnvwd (13 mhwrwjw PrIdkot dI mOq ’qy A&sos (14) mwrSl lwA dOrwn ijnHW A&srW ny s^qIAW kIqIAW sn aunHW ƒ srkwr szw dyvy (15) &OjW ivc is`KW ƒ ikrpwnW pihxn dI KulH hovy qy ijnHW-ijnHW is`KW ƒ ikrpwnW bdly k`iFAw igAw hY aunHW ƒ muV bhwl kIqw jwvy[

ies smwgm ivc mohn dws krm cMd (gWDI), mdn mohn mwvlIAw, imstr qwieb Aqy Awr.sI. dws vI pu`jy[ bysmJ is`KW ny aunHW dy Awaux ’qy ‘hm Gr swjn Awey’ Sbd gw ky gurbwxI dI byAdbI kIqI[ ies mgroN ^zwn isμG bYirstr ny ikhw ik ‘‘gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny Awpxw isr Byt kr ky mulk dy sμkt dUr kIqy sn qy swƒ jwpdw hY pμfq (mwvlvIAw) jI aunHW dw krzw auqwrn vwsqy pμjwb Awey hn qy swƒ Brosw hY ik Awp is`KW dy AiDkwrW ƒ mμn ky kWgrs vloN vI swƒ swfy h`k duAwxgy[’’ ies mgroN mwlvIAw ny ikhw ‘‘AsIN nOvyN pwqSwh dw krzw jnm-jnmWqrW qk nhIN auqwr skdy[ bwkI AiDkwrW dI g`l ieh hY ik jo Xog s`jx hn auh swfy isr m`Qy ’qy hn[’’ pr aus ny is`KW dy h`kW qy rwKvIAW sItW bwry kuJ vI nw ikhw[ iehI gWDI ny kIqw qy ikhw ‘mwlvI jI myry vfy Brw hn… jo myry vfy BweI jI ny ikhw hY aus ƒ hI mμno[’ AKIr igAwnI gurbKS isμG ny vloN Dμnvwd qy AkwlI kOr isμG dI Ardws mgroN ieh smwgm ^qm hoieAw[

is`K lIg v`loN 11 julweI 1920 dy idn syvw rwm isMG, iSvdyv isMG, sohn isMG, au~jl isMG iek fYpUtySn vjoN lMfn pu`jy Aqy brqwnvI sYktrI Aw& styt nUM iml ky pMjwb kONsl ivc is`KW vwsqy 33% numwieMdgI dI mMg kIqI[ dsMbr 1919 dy sYSn ivc 15 mqy pws krn Aqy julweI 1920 ivc lMfn jwx qoN ielwvw is`K lIg ny koeI hor kwrvweI nw kIqI[ gurduAwirAW dy pRbμD bwry qW is`K lIg iblkul hI cu`p rhI[ pr 21 meI 1920 dy idn ‘AkwlI’ A^bwr SurU ho jwx nwl gurduAwrw suDwr lihr qyzI nwl SrU hox lg peI[ 12 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ Akwl q^q swihb dy kbzy mgroN 15 nvμbr 1920 ƒ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμD kmytI kwiem ho geI[ ies hwlq ivc vI is`K lIg ny cu`p v`tI rKI[ Aijhw jwpx lg ipAw ik ies jQybμdI dw swrw rol isr& swlwnw iejlws krn qy mqy pws krn qk hI mihdUd hY[

is`K lIg dw dUjw sYSn 20-21 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ lwhOr dy brYflw hwl ivc hoxw sI[ iek h&qw pihlW ies dI pRDwngI KVk isμG isAwlkot ny kbUl kr leI[ suμdr isμG cwvlw svwgqI kmytI dy pRDwn sn[ 20 qwrI^ dy smwgm ivc fw: sY&-aud-dIn ikclU, muhμmd AlI, SOkq AlI, mOlwxw AbU klm Awzwd pujy[ ies dy pμdrW imμt ip`CoN KVk isμG qy ipRμsIpl qyjw isμG msqUAwxw Awey[ aunHW mgroN mohn dws krm cμd gWDI, aus dI pqnI, cODrI rwm Bj d`q qy cODrI srlw dyvI vI Aw gey[ iPr dunI cμd, Awgw s&dr, lwlw gvrDn dws, BweI prmw nμd vI phuμc gey[ hrcμd isμG lwielpurI ny kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy Aqy Zdr pwrtI dy kuJ is`KW ƒ styj ’qy bulw ky aunHW dI pCwx krvweI qy nwl hI (bjbj Gwt golI kWf mgroN) Akwl q^q swihb dy pujwrIAW v`loN aunHW ƒ ‘ieh is`K nhIN hn’ kihx dI inμdw kIqI[ Agly idn 21 AkqUbr ƒ kwrvweI SurU hox qoN pihlW vwlμtIArW ny ApIl kIqI ik hwzr lok AwpxIAW nYktweIAW lwhux dI imhrbwnI krn[ s:b: mihqwb isμG srkwrI vkIl sxy 500 dy krIb lokW ny AwpxI mrzI nwl nYktweIAW lwh ky jybHW ivc pw leIAW[ sB qoN pihlW srdUl isμG kvISr ny mwrSl lwA lwgU krn Aqy is`KW qy i^lw&q lihr dy AwgUAW ’qy zulm krn Aqy is`KW dy h`kW dI byprvwhI dw izkr kr ky nwimlvrqx dw mqw pyS kIqw qy ies dy nwl hI ikhw ik: (1) srkwrI i^qwb, AwnryrI mYijstrytIAW, srkwrI mYˆbrIAW C`f idqIAW jwx (2) srkwrI jlisAW qy drbwrW ivc jwxw bμd kIqw jwvy (3) srkwrI qy srkwr dI mdd nwl clx vwly skUlW ’coN b`cy htwauxy SurU kr idqy jwx (4) kcihrIAW ivc muk`dmy iljwx dI QW pμcwieqW A`gy kys pyS kIqy jwieAw krn (5) mYsopotwmIAw (eIrwk) dI BrqI ivc srkwr dI mdd nw kIqI jwvy (6) nvIAW koNslW ’c koeI aumIdvwr nw bxy qy koeI vot pwaux nw jwvy (7) hr ivdySI cIz dw bweIkwt kIqw jwvy[

srdUl isμG kvISr ny ies mgroN ikhw ik bygunwh ZdrI qy hor AwgU jylW iv`c su`ty hoey hn[ SwhI AYlwn hyT ihμdU qy muslmwn kYdIAW ’coN bhuqy C`f idqy gey hn pr BweI rxDIr isμG Aqy hor is`K kYdI Ajy vI jylHW ivc hn[ jilHAW vwly bwg ivc bygunwhW ƒ golIAW nwl aufw idqw igAw[ ies mqy dI ihmwieq qy ivroD ivc AkwlI mμgl isμG, dwn isμG vCoAw, sujwn isμG vkIl, joD isμG, syvw rwm isμG vkIl, gWDI, SOkq AlI, muhμmd AlI, Abul klwm Azwd, Awgw s&dr, jsvμq isμG Jbwl, ig. Syr isμG, suμdr isμG lwielpurI, mw: moqw isμG, sohx isμG (AYfItr ‘d is`K’) ny qkrIrW kIqIAW[ au~jl isμG qy qyjw isμG msqUAwxw ny qrmImW pyS kIqIAW jo rih geIAW[ AKIr mqw bhusμmqI nwl pws kIqw igAw[ mqw pws huμidAW hI hridAwl isμG bhjvwl, blvμq isμG reIs ku`lw, lwl isμG SyKUpurw, hrnwm isμG (ipqw spIkr joigMdr isMG mwn qy dwdw ismrnjIq isμG mwn) ny kONsl dI mYNbrI C`fx AYlwn kIqw[ kuμdn isμG, swvn isμG ny nμbrdwrI Cfx dw AYlwn kIqw[ Awqmw isμG AμimRqsrI ny qæZmy qy vrdI, byAμq isμG (luiDAwxw) ny &rWs qy mYsopotwmIAW dy qmZy Aqy pRqwp isμG (gujrwq) ny mYfl vwps krn dw AYlwn kIqw[ sμqoK isμG qy gurb^S isμG ny srkwrI mYfIkl kwlj ’coN pVHnw C`fx dw AYlwn kIqw[ ies qoN mgroN is`K rwjsI kYdIAW dy prvwrW dI mdd vwsqy kmytI bxwaux dw mqw pyS kIqw[ kmytI ’c hyT ilKy nW Swiml kIqy gey: hrcμd isμG qy suμdr isμG (dovyN lwielpur), jsvμq isμG Jbwl, krqwr isμG J`br, ipAwrw isG, bdn isμG, sμq isμG vkIl, qyjw isμG smuμdrI qy guridAwl isμG[ mwstr moqw isμG ny styj ’qy Aw ky AYlwn kIqw ik mYN audoN qk ju`qI nhIN pwvWgw qy isr& iek fμg rotI KwvWgw jd qk is`K kYdI irhw nhIN kr idqy jwxgy[ is`K lIg dw smwgm 22 AkqUbr ƒ vI cilAw[ ies mOky ’qy rkwb gμj dI kμD bxwaux vwsqy 29 nvμbr ƒ jQw iljwx dw AYlwn kIqw igAw[ KVk isμG ny AwpxI qkrIr ivc is`KW vwsqy vKry h`kW dI gl kridAW ikhw ik ihμdUAW qy muslmwnW ny lKnaU ivc swfy nwl byiensw&I kIqI [ gWDI ƒ vI Awpxy lYkcr ivc Ais`Dy l&zW ivc is`KW leI coxW ivc vKrIAW sItW dI g`l mμnxI peI[

nwimlvrqx dw mqw pws hox mgroN srkwr dy imlvrqxIey is`K lIg ƒ C`f gey qy hOlI-hOlI ieh AkwlI dl qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dw hI dUjw rUp bx geI[ Agly ds swl qk is`K lIg is`K jQybMdIAW dI C`qrI vW| (umbrella organisation) bxI rhI qy is`K msilAW bwry kOmI &Ysly lYNdI rhI[ BwvyN ies au~qy AkwlI pwrtI dw hI kMtrol sI pr iPr vI bwkI is`K AwgUAW dw v`fw ih`sw vI ies dIAW mIitMgW qy knvYnSnW ivc Swiml huMdw rihMdw sI qy is`K lIg vI iek qrHW dy sWJy &Ysly hI ilAw krdI sI[ pr 1932 qoN mgroN ies dy rsmI iejlws vI bμd ho gey Aqy ies dy bhuqy AwgU AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho gey qy kuJ-ku kWgrs ivc vI cly gey.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

isklIgr kbIlw

auh lok ijnHW dw pySw iskæl/ sYkæl krnw hY[ pihlW-pihl ieh hiQAwrW nUM sw& krn, cmkwaux Awid dw kMm krdy sn, iPr ieh hiQAwrW nUM iq`Kw krn dw kMm vI krn lg pey qy ienHW ivcoN bhuq swry hiQAwr bxwaux vI lg pey[ pMjwb dIAW zwqW bwry Koj krn vwl iebtsn (pMjwb kwstz) dw i^Awl hY ik ieh lohwr brwdrI ivcoN hn qy ieh t`prIvwsW dI SRyxI ivc AwauNdy hn[ gujrwq vwly pwsy dy isklIgr kbIilAW dy iek muKI dw kihxw hY ik ieh rwjpUq hn qy ienHW dw j`dI ielwkw knOj hY pr ienHW ivcoN bhuq gujrwqI boldy hn[ au~qr (pMjwb, hirAwxw, rwijsQwn) dy isklIgr icqOV nUM Awpxw j`dI ielwkw mMndy hn qy aunHW dw kihxw hY ik muhMmd ZOrI v`loN icqOVgV ’qy kbzy mgroN auh t`prIvws bxy sn[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb vyly ienHW vcoN bhuqy is`K Drm ivc Swiml ho gey sn[auh tWifAW dy vxjwirAW vwsqy hiQAwr bxwieAw krdy sn[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ienHW nUM AnMdpur swihb dy lohgVH iklHy ivc hiQAwr bxwaux dw kwr^wnw vI bxw id`qw sI[ ienHW ivcoN kuJ l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy tWfy dy nwl vI rhy sn[ gurU jI dy AnMdpur C`fx mgroN ieh bMdw isMG bhwdr dI &Oj dy nwl rhy sn[ bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ShIdI mgroN ieh is`K imslW vwsqy kMm krdy rhy pr pMjwb ivc AMgryzI rwj kwiem ho jwx mgroN ieh iPr bykwr ho gey[ ienHW dw rozgwr ^qm jo jwx mgroN ienHW ivcoN bhuqy iPr ^wnwbdoS bx gey sn[ AMgryzW ny ienHW nUM jrwiem pySw lokW ivc Sumwr krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ ienHW ivcoN keI qW pMjwb qoN dUr inkl gey[ pMjwb ivc ienHW ivcoN bhuqy muK qOr ’qy biTMfw qy luiDAwxw izilHAW ivc rihMdy hn[ isklIgrW dy 84 kbIly hn, ijnHW ivcoN muK cOhwn, inrbwn, tONk, killot, moihl, B`tI, gihloq, solMkI, bnvwrI Awid hn[ ienHW dI bolI pMjwbI hY; auN\ dUjy suibAW ivc rihx vwly isklIgr mukwmI bolIAW vI bol qy smJ lYNdy hn[ ienHW ivcoN bhuqy is`K Drm Anuswr izMdgI ijaUNdy hn pr kuJ ihMdU Drm nUM vI mMndy hn[ ienHW kbIilAW dy lok isr& Awpxy kbIly ivc hI SwdIAW krdy hn[ pMjwb ivc ienHW nUM pCVIAW zwqW (SifaUlf kwstz) dw drjw id`qw hoieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sweImn Aqy sweIm kimSn

sr jOhn sweImn

sr jOhn sweImn (28.2.1873 -11.1.1954) dw jnm mwncYstr (ieMglYNf) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny ividAw hwisl krn mgroN vkwlq SurU kr leI[ 1906 ivc aus nUM brqwnvI pwrlImYNt dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 1910 ivc auh brqwnIAw dw swilstr jnrl qy 1913 ivc AtwrnI jnrl bxwieAw igAw[ 1915 ivc aus nUM srkwr ivc hom minstr dw Ahudw id`qw igAw[ 1918 ivc auh cox hwr igAw, pr 1922 ivc auh muV cuixAw igAw[ 1931 ivc auh ivdySI mihkimAW dw vzIr bxwieAw igAw[ 1940 ivc aus nUM ‘vweIkwaUNt’ dw i^qwb idqw igAw Aqy aus nUM lwrf cWslr vI bxw id`qw igAw[ auh ies Ahudy ’qy 1945 qk irhw.

sweImn kimSn

mwrc 1927 ivc, brqwnIAw dy pRDwn mMqrI lwrf ierivn ny Bwrq srkwr dy AYkt 1919 dI d&w 84 hyT, iek kimSn kwiem krn dw AYlwn kr idqw[ ies kimSn ny Bwrq dy lokW ƒ isAwsI irAwieqW qy shUlqW dyx bwry is&wrSW krnIAW sn qy ies dy nwl hI Awaux vwly isAwsI inzwm ivc v`K-v`K DrmW/kOmW dI numwieμdgI dw &Yslw vI krnw sI[ BwvyN lwrf irpn ny kimSn bnwaux dw AYlwn mwrc ivc kIqw sI pr ies ƒ Aml ivc ilAwaux vwsqy 8 mhIny lg gey[ 8 nvμbr 1927 dy idn sr jwhn sweImn dI AgvweI ivc ies kimSn dy mYNbrW dy nWvW dw AYlwn kIqw igAw[ ikauNik ies kimSn dw muKI jwhn sweImn sI, ies kr ky ies dw nW ‘sweImn kimSn’ jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ ies kimSn ivc iqμnW brqwnvI isAwsI pwrtIAW dy 7 mYNbr sn[ brqwnvI srkwr vloN AYlwny gey ies kimSn ivc koeI vI mYNbr ihMdU, is`K jW muslmwn nhIN sI[

dsμbr 1927 ivc kWgrs pwrtI dw sYSn mdrws ivc hoieAw[ ies sYSn ivc kWgrs pwrtI ny sweImn kimSn dy bweIkwt dw PYslw kIqw ikauN ik ies ivc iek vI BwrqI Swiml nhIN sI[ ies vyly kWgrs pwrtI Aqy sYNtrl is`K lIg (qy SRomxI AkwlI dl) iek dUjy nwl pUrw isAwsI imlvrqx kr rhy sn[ 16 jnvrI 1928 dy idn SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI dI iek mIitμg dl dy pRDwn aUDm isμG nwgoky dI pRDwngI hyT hoeI[ ies mIitμg ivc sweImn kimSn dw bweIkwt krn dw PYslw kIqw igAw[ 26 jnvrI 1928 dy idn pμjwb dIAW swrIAW isAwsI jQybμdIAW dw iek jlsw jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc hoieAw[ ies ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, hIrw isμG drd, fwktr sY&-aud-dIn ikclU, fwktr s`q pwl qy mOlwnw zPr AlI ^wn ny qkrIrW kIqIAW Aqy lokW ƒ sweImn kimSn dw mukμml bweIkwt krn vwsqy AwiKAw[ ies BrvyN iek`T vwly jlsy dw ieμqzwm SRomxI AkwlI dl ny hI kIqw sI[ SRomxI AkwlI dl dy bulwvy ’qy iek Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs 29 jnvrI 1928 dy idn gurU rwmdws lμgr vwly hwl (drbwr swihb) AμimRqsr ivc hoeI[ ies iek`T ivc 150 dy krIb sInIAr AkwlI AwgU Aqy sYNkVy vrkr Swiml hoey[ ienHW ivcoN muK sn: mwstr qwrw isμG, ig: Syr isμG, s:b. mihqwb isμG, au~jl isμG AYm.AYl.sI. mμgl isμG ig`l, hIrw isμG drd, bwbw KVk isμG qy hrb^S isμG AYm.AYl.sI.[ ies kwn&rμs ny vI lokW ƒ ApIl kIqI ik sweImn kimSn dw mukμml bweIkwt kIqw jwvy[ iesy iek`T ny ieh vI mqw pws kIqw ik ‘‘i&rkyvwrwnw coxW dyS vwsqy GwtyvμdIAW hn pr ikauNik kWgrs Aqy muslm lIg ny ies ƒ mμn ilAw hY ies kr ky is`KW dw &Yslw ieh hY ik is`KW ƒ pμjwb ivc qIjw ih`sw sItW id`qIAW jwx qy inzwm ivc vI eynw hI ih`sw imly[ is`K iksy vI hwlq ivc i&rkU nuμmwieμdgI dy ADwr ’qy cuxI iek`lI AksrIAq hyTW rihxw nhIN shwrngy[ mdrws kWgrs ivc ihμdU-musilm h`kW bwry pws hoey, pμjvyN ih`sy vwly sWJy i&kryvwr msly vwly nukqy, is`KW au~pr vI lwgU kIqyy jwx[ isμD Aqy srh`dI sUby ivc Gt-igxqI is`KW dI rwKI kIqI jwvy[’’

3 &rvrI 1928 dy idn sweImn kimSn bμbeI (hux muμbeI) pu`jw[ ies idn kWgrs pwrtI ny Bwrq ivc keI QWeIN ros muzwhry kIqy[ pμjwb ivc vI keI QWeIN in`ky-moty jlUs inkly qy A`D-pc`DI hVqwl vI hoeI[ pr lwhOr ivc hVqwl kwmXwb nw ho skI[ kWgrs dy s`dy ’qy BwvyN lwhOr ’c hVqwl kwmXwb nw hoeI pr Agly h&qy hI SRomxI AkwlI dl ny, 10 &rvrI ƒ, lwhOr ’c sweImn dy i^lwP jlUs k`Fx dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ies jlUs ivc 30 hzwr dy krIb lok Swiml hoey[ ienHW ivcoN qkrIbn 20 hzwr nIlIAW p`gW vwly AkwlI sn[ ies mOky qy bwbw KVk isμG, Amr isμG Jbwl, srdUl isμG kvISr Aqy hornW ny qkrIrW kIqIAW[ ies ros jlUs ƒ iKμfwaux vwsqy pulIs ny lwTIcwrj kIqw[ ies lwTIcwrj ivc fw. s`q pwl, lwlw Aicμq rwm, svwmI ENkwr nμd Aqy Abdul mjId vZYrw ƒ vI s`tW lgIAW[

ies dOrwn sweImn kimSn ny 30 AkqUbr dy idn lwhOr Awauxw sI[ 28 AkqUbr ƒ SRomxI AkwlI dl ny PYslw kIqw ik 30 AkqUbr 1928 dy idn sweImn kimSn dI lwhOr Awmd ’qy zbrdsq muzwhrw kIqw jwvy[ 30 AkqUbr 1928 dy idn lwhOr

rylvy stySn qy qkrIbn 7000 dy hzUm ny ‘‘sweImn kimSn go bYk’’ dy nwAirAW nwl Awsmwn gUμjw id`qw[ ies mzwhry dI AgvweI kr rhy sn: mwstr qwrw isμG, Amr isμG Jbwl, mμgl isμG, srdUl isμG kvISr, sohn isμG joS, mdn mohn mwlvIAw, mOlvI Abdul kwdr, lwlw hμs rwj, fw. gopI cμd, fw. sqpwl, lwlw lwjpq rwey qy hor keI AwgU[ ies jlUs ivc pulIs ny lwTIcwrj vI kIqw[ ies mOky qy iek Aμgryz A&sr ny hμtr nwl AwgUAW ’qy vwr kIqw[ hμtr dw pihlw vwr lwly ’qy Aqy dUjw fw. s`qpwl qy hoieAw[ ies qoN ielwvw hornW ƒ vI hμtrW qy lwTIAW dw iSkwr hoxw ipAw[ ies mOky qy rweyzwdw hμs rwj, fw. gopI cμd, fw s`q pwl, lwlw hμsrwj qy Abdul kwdr z^mI hoey[ (lwlw lwjpq rwey ƒ koeI s`t nhIN l`gI sI)[ dupihr iqμn vjy ieh swrw hzUm id`lI drvwzy ’qy Pyr iek`Tw hoieAw[ ies iek`T ivc keI AwgUAW ny qkrIrW kIqIAW[ qkrIrW qoN bwAd hwzr lokW ny Pyr iek jlUs k`iFAw[ ies vyly qk 15000 qoN v`D lok iek`Ty ho cuky sn[ ies jlUs ƒ ‘svrwj jlUs’ dw nW idqw igAw[ ies jlUs dI AgvweI fwktr gopI cμd (ijnHW dw isr lwTIAW dI mwr nwl su`ijAw hoieAw sI), fw. sqpwl (ijnHW dI bWh lwTIAW dI mwr nwl burI qrHW z^mI hoeI nzr Aw rhI sI) qy hornW ny kIqI[ mgroN lwlw lwjpq rwey 17 nvμbr ƒ idl dw dOrw pYx nwl mr igAw[ ies qoN bhuq icr mgroN sI.Awr. dws dI Gr vwlI ny lwly dI ‘idl dy dOry nwl hoeI mOq’ ƒ ‘lwTIAW nwl hoeI mOq’ nwl joVn dI g`l SurU kIqI geI[ hwlW ik muzwhry vwly idn lwlw lwjpq rwey ƒ zrw vI JrIt qk nhIN AweI sI[ aus dy idl dy dOry dw kwrn, mwstr qwrw isMG v`loN aus qoN knyfw qy AmrIkw dy is`KW qoN, Zdr pwrtI dy kYd AwgUAW dy prvwrW vwsqy iek`Ty kIqy 70 hzwr rupY (audoN dy), dw ihswb mMgxw sI; ieh rkm lwlw lwjpq rwey ny Awp hVp leI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ismrnjIq isMG mwn

ismrnjIq isMG mwn dw jnm s. joigMdr isMG mwn Aqy mwqw gurbcn kOr dy Gr iSmlw (ihmWcl) ivc 20 meI 1945 dy idn hoieAw sI[ aus ny cMfIgVH qoN bI.ey. Awnrz dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI qy ihstrI ivc golf mYfl vI ilAw[ 1967 ivc auh BwrqI puls syvwvW vwsqy cuixAw igAw[ 1970 ivc auh pMjwb dy gvrnr pwvqy dw ey.fI.sI. irhw[ ies mgroN aus nUM izlHw &rIdkot dw AYs.AYs.pI. lwieAw igAw[ iPr auh rylvy ivc AYfISnl ieMspYktr jnrl, ivjIlYNs ibaUro pMjwb dw ifptI fwierYktr, pMjwb Awrmf pulIs dw kmWfYNt vI irhw[ aus dI Aw^rI positMg sYNtrl ieMfstrIAl sikaUirtI &ors, bMbeI ivc bqOr grup kmWfYt (fI.AweI. jI.) sI[ ismrnjIq isMG dI SwdI bIbI gIiqMdr kOr (puqrI igAwn isMG kwhloN) nwl hoeI sI, ijs qoN bytw eImwn isMG qy bytIAW pivq kOr qy nwnkI kOr ny jnm ilAw sI[

&rIdkot ivc AYs.AYs.pI. huMidAW aus ny bbr Kwlsw nW dI ^u&IAw KwVkU jQybMdI dI bhuq mdd kIqI[ ies jQybMdI dy iqMn muK kwrkuMn AmrjIq isMG, gurnwm isMG qy syvw isMG aus kol puls mihmkmy ivc mulwzm sn[ auh aunHW dI pUrI mdd krdw sI[ 1984 ivc drbwr swihb ’qy BwrqI &Oj dy hmly dy i^lw& ros vjoN aus ny AsqI&w dy id`qw Aqy is`K srUp vwly BwrqI rwStrpqI zYl isMG nUM ros dw ^q vI iliKAw[ ies ’qy pulIs aus dy ip`Cy lg geI[ ies kr ky aus ny ivdyS jw ky lihr clwaux dw &Yslw kr ilAw, pr nYpwl qoN srh`d pwr krdy nUM aus nUM jogbnI (ibhwr) koloN, 9 nvMbr 1984 dy idn igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ 26 nvMbr 1984 dy idn aus nUM Brqpur (rwijsQwn) dI jylH ivc Byj id`qw igAw[ aus nUM ieMdrw gWDI dw kql Aqy bZwvq vZYrw dy bhuq swry kysW ivc cwrj kIqw igAw[ ies mgroN aus nUM Bwglpur qy hor jylHW ivc r`iKAw igAw qy pMj swl aus ’qy bhuq qS`dd FwihAw igAw[ 1985 ivc jd auh jylH ivc hI sI qW swry AkwlI dlW nUM iek`iTAW kr ky bxwey XUnwietf AkwlI dl dw aus nUM pRDwn cux ilAw igAw[ ie`q&wkn 1989 ivc lok sBw dIAW coxW Aw geIAW[ aus nUM (6 nvMbr 1989 dy idn) qrnqwrn hlky qoN aumIdvwr bxwieAw igAw ij`QoN auh 5 l`K dy krIb votW dy &rk nwl AYm.pI. cuixAw igAw[ 2 dsMbr 1989 dy idn aus nUM irhw kIqw igAw[ jd aus nUM pwrlImYNt ivc ikrpwn sxy dwi^l nw hox id`qw igAw qW aus ny shuM cu`kx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ ies mgroN Agly iqMn swl ivc aus nUM 24 vwr (1990 ivc 3 vwrI, 1991 ivc 7 vwrI, 1992 ivc 11 vwrI, 1993 ivc 3 vwrI) igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ 2 meI 1994 dy idn AkwlI dlW nUM iPr iek`iTAW kIqw igAw Aqy ies dw nW SRomxI AkwlI dl (AMimRqsr) r`iKAw igAw[ auh ies dI Cy mYNbrI suprIm kONsl ivc Swiml sI[ ApRYl 1995 ivc tOhVw qy bwdl iPr iek`Ty ho gey qy pihlI Agsq nUM iehHW ny sWJI vrikMg kmytI dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ pr ismrnjIq isMG ny AkwlI dl (AMimRqsr) nUM kiem r`iKAw[ 1999 ivc auh sMgrUr hlky qoN iPr AYm.pI. cuixAw igAw[ aus dw AkwlI dl SryAwm Kwilsqwn dy nwAry ’qy cox lVdw qy kwrvweIAW krdw hY, Aqy ijMnI vI aus kol qwkq hY, dy shwry ’qy Awpxw rol Adw kr irhw hY[ aus nUM drjnW vwr igR&qwr kIqw jw cukw hY, pr auh Awpxy inSwny ’qy Aifg cl irhw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

isMgwruU
BweI isMgwrU Aqy aus dw Brw BweI jYqw gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly dy is`K sn[ gurU jI aunHW dI syvw ’qy bhuq ^uS sn[ ies kr ky auh dovyN gurU hrgoibMd swihb vyly vI gurU drbwr ivc hwzr huMdy Aqy syvw ivc ih`sw pwauNdy rihMdy sI[[ iek swKI Anuswr iek vwr iek PkIr ny isMgwrU ’qy ^uS ho ky aus nUM iek pwry dI rwK dw rswiex id`qw ijhVw iksy vI Dwq nUM sony ivc bdl skdw sI[ iSMgwrU aus rwK nUM gurU hrgoibMd swihb kol lY AwieAw[ aunHw ny aus rwK nUM AMimRqsr (drbwr swihb dw srovr) ivc sutvw id`qw qy ikhw ik ieh sB JUT hY, pr mMn lE ik jy pwry dI rwK Dwq nUM sony ivc bdl skdI huMdI qW kI hY? hMkwr nUM ^qm krnw hI ienswn nUM sony vrgw bxw skdw hY[ iSMgwrU Aqy jYqw gurU jI dy AinMn SrDwlUAW ivcoN sn[ auh SSqr clwaux dy vI mwihr sn[ aunHW ny gurU hrgoibMd swihb ’qy hoey hmilAW ivc vI hmlwvrW dw ft ky mukwblw kIqw sI Aqy AwpxI bhwdrI dy jOhr idKwey sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

isMG sBw lihr

is`K ieiqhws ivc 30 julweI 1873 dy idn iek frwmweI Gtnw GtI ijs ny is`K jgq nUM ihlw ky r`K id`qw[ AMimRqsr imSn skUl ivc pVH rhy cwr is`K b`icAW (Aqr isMG, swDU isMG, sMqoK isMG Aqy AwieAw isMG) ny AYlwn kIqw ik auh eIsweI Drm ivc Swiml hoxw cwhuMdy hn[ ies qoN pihlW vI BwvyN do rwj GrwixAW dy b`cy (dlIp isMG qy hrnwm isMG kpUrQlw) eIsweI bx cuky sn pr hor AKOqI-au~cy ^wndwnW iv`coN hor koeI vI eIsweI nhIN sI bixAw[ auN\ Awm is`KW iv`coN hor keI jxy eIsweI zrUr bx cuky sn pr ieho-ijhy lok, AnpVH, AKOqI-pCVIAW jmwqW ivcoN jW ies qrHW dy kuJ hor S^s sn[ pVHy ilKy cMgy guris`K GrW ivcoN iek vI bMdw Ajy qk eIsweI nhIN sI bixAw[ ^Yr, cwr is`K b`icAW dy eIsweI bxn dy ies AYlwn nwl kuJ srgrm is`K (Ajy is`KW ivc sWJw AwgU koeI nhIN sI) Awps ivc imly Aqy ienHW b`icAW ƒ smJw-buJw ky ies hrkq qoN rok ilAw[

ienHW idnW ivc hI „gurU dw bwg‟ AMimRqsr (drbwr swihb dI hdUd) ivc, AMgryzW dy iek eyjMt, i&lOr dy iek bRwhmx (SrDw rwm i&lOrI), ny „kQw‟ krnI SurU kr idqI[ aus ny hor aUl-jlUl qoN ielwvw is`K Drm dI Swn ivc vI gusqw^I kIqI[ aus dI ies bkvws ƒ is`K cupcwp sux ky nzr-AMdwz krdy rhy Aqy nwmrdW vWg cup kr ky bYTy rhy[ ies ‟qy auh bRwhmx hor vI vDyry zor nwl is`KI dy iKlw& pRcwr krn lg ipAw[ drAsl ies bRwhmx ƒ AMgryz srkwr dI srprsqI hwisl sI[ jd auh nw hitAw qW kuJ is`K nOjvwnW ny iml ky ies bRwhmx dI gurU-inMdw dw jvwb dyxw SurU kr idqw[ jd aunHW ny ies bRwhmx ƒ vMgwrnw SurU kr idqw qW auh frdw au~QoN clw igAw[

kuJ nOjvwnW dy ies kdm dIAW ^brW hor is`K srgrm qy isrkrdw S^sIAqW ƒ vI pu`jIAW[ ienHW ivc Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw, igAwnI igAwn isMG (ieh qvwrI^ dIAW ikqwbW dw lyKk nhIN dI blik AMimRqsr dw iek gRMQI sI), igAwnI srdUl isMG vgYrw vI sn[ hornW nwl vI ienHW ny rwbqw bxwieAw Aqy A^Ir pihlI AkqUbr 1873 dy idn Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny isrkrdw is`KW dw iek iek`T AMimRqsr ivc bulw ilAw[ ies ivc kuJ igAwnI, pujwrI, gMRQI, audwsI, inrmly Awidk Swiml hoey[ ienHW ivcoN keI qW is`K Drm bwry pUrI qrHW sucyq vI nhIN sn, pr auh aus bRwhmx dy gurU-inMdw dy prcwr dy ivroD ivc iek`Ty hoey sn[ ienHW swirAW ny iml ky “gurU isMG sBw” bxwaux dw mqw pws kIqw, pr inrmilAW qy audwsIAW dy zor dyx ‟qy ies A`gy ihMdU dyvI “sRI” dw nW vI pw ky “sRI gurU isMG sBw” bxw ilAw[ ies dy pRDwn Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw (1832-1887), sk`qr igAwnI igAwn isMG (1824-1884), mIq syvk (mIq sk`qr) Amr isMG qy ^zwncI Drm isMG (mjITw buMgw) bxwey gey[ ies sBw dw inSwnw “is`K Drm Aqy smwj ivc Aw peIAW kurIqIAW dUr kr ky is`K Drm dI AslI mirAwdw kwiem krnw” sI[

gurmuKI A^bwr SurU krnw: isMG sBw lihr dy Asr hyTW sB qoN pihlW iek Kwlsw skUl KoilHAw igAw[ mgroN 1879 ivc „gurmuKI A^bwr‟ vI SurU kIqw igAw[ ies dy AYfItr pRo: gurmuK isMG (ErIAYNtl kwlj lwhOr dy pRo&Ysr) sn[ ies lihr sdkw is`K ivdvwn qy pRcwrk iek`Ty ho ky Dwrimk Aqy qÍwrIKI nukiqAW ‟qy ivcwr-vtWdrw krn lg pey[ mMjI swihb (drbwr swihb) ivc is`K ivcwrvwn iek`Ty hox lg pey[ sB qoN pihlw bihs vwlw nukqw gurU nwnk swihb dI jnm qwrI^ bwry sI[ ies nukqy ‟qy bhuq swry S^s bihs ivc ih`sw lYNdy rhy[ ies mgroN gurU swihbwn Aqy aunHW dy prvwrW sbMDI qwrI^W ‟qy vI keI swl ivcwrW huMdIAW rhIAW[ (ies dy nqIjy vjoN gur pRxwlIAW ikqwb iqAwr hoeI, jo keI swl mgroN sRomxI gurduAwrw pRbDMk kmytI ny CwpI sI)[

1879 ivc lwhOr ivc vI iek ieho-jhI isMG sBw kwiem kIqI geI[ ies isMG sBw dy AwgUAW ny „gurmiq gMRQ pRcwrk sBw‟ AMimRqsr ivc kwiem kIqI Aqy bhuq swrw swihq (iltrycr) vI CwipAw[ ies lVI hyT gurpurb pRkwS, guris`KW dy inq dy krm, s`d isDWq, gurmiq isDWq, gur iblws (suKw isMG), Xwqrw hzUr swihb, Kwlsw mnmodk, gurpurb krn ivDI, gur-pRxwlI (CotI) qy keI hor ikqwbW Aqy trYkt vI Cwpy gey[ ieM\ hI pMfq qwrw isMG nroqm dI gurU gMRQ koS qy qIrQ sMgRih Aqy igAwnI igAwn isMG dI pMQ pRkwS Aqy qvwrI^ gurU Kwlsw vrgIAW ikqwbW vI CwpIAW geIAW[

1877 qoN hI isMG sBw lihr hyT keI jgh isMG sBwvW bxnIAW SurU ho geIAW sn[ ienHW dw mYn&Ysto sI: 1. swry is`K vIrW Aqy Kwlsw jI ƒ is`KI Drm dy nwl ipAwr rKxw pRcwrnw 2. ies srySt Drm dy nymW ƒ prgt krnw Aqy QW pr QW ies dI vifAweI dI crcw krnI 3.ijnHW poQIAW ikqwbW ivc ies Drm dI vifAweI qy BilAweI pweI jWdI hY, aunHW ƒ Cpvw ky pRgt krnw 4.sMpRdweI bwxI ƒ prgt krnw Aqy aunHW qwrI^I mzhbI poQIAW (ijvyN jnm swKI Aqy gur-pRxwlI vZYrw) ijnHW ivc iksy qrHW dw kuJ SMkw hY, aunHW ƒ Asly kFw ky, A`gw-ip`Cw vyK ky SuD (shI) krnw 5. pMjwbI zbwn rwhIN ielm mr`vjy dI qr`kI krnI Aqy ies mksd vwsqy rswly qy A^bwrW CwpxIAW 6. jo lok is`KI dy ivroDI hn, jW ijnHW ies dy i^lw& kuJ ikhw jW suixAw hY jW jo is`K q^qW qoN Kwrj hn (mIxy, DIrm`lIey, rwmrweIey, msMd) jW ijhVy Awpxw Drm C`f ky dUjy Drm Aqy sBw smwj ivc jw rly hox jW ijnHW ny Awpxy kysW dI byAdbI krweI hovy jW jo srkwr dy nzdIk mu&sd igxy gey hox, jW jo sulh, im`lq Aqy BlweI kMmW dy ivroDI hox, isMG sBw dy mYNbr nhIN bx skdy[ pr jd ienHW ivcoN koeI ipClI kIqI qoN qn^wh luAw ky qy A`gy sBw dI rwie ho jwvy qW iml skdy hn 7. v`fy mrqby vwly AMgryz bhwdr ividAw Sw^ dy mYNbr bx skdy hn[ hor kOmW qy pMQW dy lok vI ies sBw dy mYNbr qd bx skdy hn jd p`kI qrHW mwlUm ho jwvy ik auh is`KI Drm Aqy pMjwbI zbwn dy ^Yr KÍwh hn 8. iksy dUjy mq dy ivruD kihxw, suxnw jW ilKxw isMG sBw dw kMm nhIN 9. isMG sBw ivc koeI glbwq srkwr dy sbMD ivc nhIN kIqI jwvygI 10. ^Yr-KÍwhI kOm, &rmwbrdwrI srkwrI, is`KI Drm nwl ipAwr Aqy au~nqI krnw ividAw dw, pMjwbI zbwn rwhIN Aqy mslohq aumdI hr bwq ivc ilhwz krnw[

isMG sBw lihr SurU hox nwl is`K Drm, pMjwbI Aqy pMjwb vwsqy sMjIdw koiSSW hoeIAW[ ies lihr qoN 13 swl pihlW, 1860 ivc, pMjwb ivc AYjUkySn ifpwrtmYNt SurU ho cukw sI[ skUlW qy kwljW ivc tWvy-tWvy is`K b`cy vI dwi^l hox lg pey sn[ pr, pMjwb ivc pVHweI dw mwiDAm pMjwbI nhIN blik aurdU bxwieAw igAw sI[ fwktr lweItnr dI mdd nwl isMG sBw lihr dy AwgUAW ny 1877 ivc ErIAYNtl kwlj (hux pMjwb XUnIvristI, lwhOr) ivc pMjwbI dI pVHweI SurU krvw leI[ pRo: gurmuK isMG ies kwlj ivc pMjwbI dy pRo&Ysr (tIcr/ausqwd) lwey gey[ isr& eynw hI nhIN, blik ies kwlj ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dw prkwS hoxw vI SurU ho igAw sI[ ies mgroN isμG sBw lwhOr ivc vI kwiem hoeI[ ies dw pihlw iek`T 2 nvμbr 1879 dy idn hoieAw[ 11 ApRYl 1880 dy idn lwhOr isμG sBw ƒ AμimRqsr isμG sBw nwl sbμDq kIqw igAw Aqy dohW dw sWJw

nW „sRI gurU isμG sBw jnrl‟ riKAw igAw[ 10 nvμbr 1880 qoN h&qwvwrI gurmuKI A^bwr Aqy 1881 qoN mwhvwrI ividAk prcw SurU kIqw igAw[ pRo. gurmuK isμG ny pμjwb dw dOrw kr ky keI ipμfW, ksibAW qy SihrW ivc isμG sBwvW kwiem kIqIAW[ ienHW swrIAW ƒ iek Jμfy hyT jQybμd krn vwsqy „Kwlsw dIvwn‟ kwiem kIqw igAw[

isMG sBw AMimRqsr ‟qy bRwhmxI soc dw kbzw: ijauN-ijauN isμG sBw lihr PYldI geI ies dy AwgUAW ivcoN reIs DVy dy bhuqy cODrIAW au~qy lIfriSp dw BUq svwr ho igAw[ rwjw ibkrm isμG PrIdkot qy Kym isμG bydI vwsqy gdyly ivCwey jwx lg pey[ eynw hI nhIN ies gru`p ny isμG sBw lihr dy AsUlW dy ault „dilqW‟ qoN dUrI vDwauxI SurU kr idqI[ hor qW hor jdoN drbwr swihb dy buqpRsqI rokx, TwkrW dI pUjw Kqm krn Aqy drbwr swihb dI hdUd coN mUrqIAW cukx dI mμg auTI qW ienHW ny Aijhw krnoN vrijAw[ pr jdoN rwjw ibkrm isμG qy Kym isμG bydI DVy ny suDwrk DVy dI hr g`l dI mu^wl&q SurU kr idqI qW aunHW ny 10-11 ApRYl 1886 dy idn lwhOr iejlws bulw ky ivcwrW krn mgroN vKrw „Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr‟ bxw ilAw[ ies dw inSwnw ieh im`iQAw igAw: 1. pμQ ivc &wiedymμd ividAw Aqy guxW dw pRcwr krnw 2. ielm qy hunr ‟c vwDw krnw 3. pμjwbI bolI dI qr`kI krnw qy dUjIAW bolIAW coN cμgIAW ikqwbW dw qrjmw kr ky ies ƒ BrpUr krnw 4. gurU gRμQ swihb dy shI ArQ krny Aqy ies ivc A`f-A`f bolIAW dy l&zW dI jVH lBxw 5. mwnsk, ie^lwkI qy smwjk ivkws krnw qy Kwlsw Drm dy s`cy nymW dw pRcwr krnw 6. iesqrI is`iKAw ƒ vDwauxw 7. isμGW dy XqIm b`icAW dI ividAw Aqy pwlxw vwsqy XqImKwnw KolHxw 8. hunr Aqy kwSqkwrI ividAw dyx vwsqy kwlj qy skUl kwiem krny 9. &wiedymμd ikqwbW qy irswly Cwpx vwsqy iek jW vD pRYs lwauxw 10. Pwiedymμd ividAw dy prswr vwsqy v`K-v`K QWvW ‟qy isμG sBwvW kwiem krnIAW 11. srkwr AμgryzI Agy Kwlsw pμQ dy hkUk zwihr krnw Aqy isμGW ƒ srkwr AμgryzI dy rwj dIAW Axigxq brkqW dsxIAW[ 12. Awaux vwlIAW nslW ivc pμQ dI au~nqI dy i^Awl pwauxy Aqy jmwqI qwkq pYdw krnI, ijs qoN iml kr ky au~dm krn dw Fμg vwDw pwauNdw hY Aqy jo srkwr AμgryzI dI nmk hlwlI, &rmwbrdwrI qy SukrguzwrI ƒ cμgI qrHW p`kw krdw hY[ 13. isμGW dI mOjUdw hwlq dI qr`kI krn vwsqy ienHW Aqy Aijhy hornW audySW dy pUrw krn vwsqy nvyN vwjbI qrIky A^iqAwr krny[

do dIvwn bxn nwl isμG sBwvW vI vμfIAW geIAW[ pr dohW ny iek dUjy qoN Agy inklx vwsqy kμm krny SurU kr idqy[ AμimRqsrIAW ny 1885 ivc „gurU gRμQ pRcwrk sBw‟ bxw ky gur pRxwlI, gurpurb inrxY, dsm gRμQ inrxY ikqwbW ilKvwaux vl kdm cuky qy gurU gRμQ swihb dw PrIdkotI tIkw (inrmilAW vwlw) iqAwr krvwieAw[ lwhOr vwly „dIvwn‟ ny gurmuKI A^bwr, ividAwrk rswlw, ^wlsw Zzt prcy SurU kIqy[

gurU gMRQ swihb dw srUp Aqy gutky Cwpxw: aunHIN idnIN gurU gMRQ swihb, poQIAW Aqy gutky isr& h`Q nwl ilKy hI imldy sn[ hwlW ik eIsweI pwdrIAW ny Awpxy prcwr vwsqy p`Qr Cwpy nwl pMjwbI ivc bweIbl Aqy hor iltrycr Cwp vI ilAw sI pr is`KW v`loN Ajy vI ies pwsy vl kdm nhIN sI auTwieAw igAw[ 1887 ivc isMG sBw lihr dy AwgUAW ny gurmuKI dw &ONt iqAwr krvw ky lwlw hIrw nMd dI pRY~s qoN gurU gRMQ swihb dw Ajokw srUp iqAwr CpvwieAw[ ies dy 1430 s&y sn[ ies qoN pihlW h`Q nwl ilKy gurU gRMQ swihb dy srUpW dy si&AW dI igxqI iek nhIN sI hoieAw krdI[ gurU gMRQ swihb qoN ielwvw inqnym dy gutky vI Cpxy SurU ho gey[ ies nwl gurbwxI dw pRcwr qy pRswr Awswn ho igAw Aqy GrW ivc gutky phuMcxy lg pey[

lwhOr Aqy AMimRqsr sBwvW ivc zbrdsq &u`t: 1880 ivc Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr Aqy Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr ƒ iek`iTAW kr ky jnrl sBw kwiem kr id`qI geI sI[ BwvyN bhuq swry isrkrdw is`K ienHW nwl sbMDq ho cuky sn pr jvwhr isMG kpUr, fw. jY isMG, imhr isMG cwvlw, v`KirAW Awpxy qOr ‟qy vI, in`gr rol Adw kr rhy sn[ pYsy vwsqy rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot, kMvr ibkrm isMG kpUrQlw (audoN vwsI jlMDr) Aqy kuJ hor is`K ih`sw pwauNdy rihMdy sn[ pr ies mwhOl ivc Kym isMG bydI sB qoN vD injI &wiedw auTwaux dI koiSS krdw rihMdw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dy Coty puqr lKmI dws dy ^wndwn ivcoN hox kr ky auh nwjwiez qOr ‟qy Awpxw snmwn mMgdw sI[ jdoN kuJ Boly lokW ny aus ƒ ie`zq mwx dyxw SurU kr id`qw qW auh hor cWBHl igAw Aqy aus ny nIm-gurU vWg pyS Awauxw SurU kr id`qw[ hor qW hor auh dIvwn ivc hI nhIN gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI ivc vI gdyly ivCw ky Awsx bxw ky, g`dI ‟qy bYTx lg ipAw[ isMG sBw lihr qW sgoN Drm ivc suDwr vwsqy bxI sI qy Kym isMG dI ieh kwrvweI lihr dy inSwny dy mu`FoN hI ault sI[ kuJ is`K AwgU ies ‟qy bVy ^&w sn[ pihloN-pihl qW kuJ icr cup vrqI rhI, iPr hOlI-hOlI g`l clx lg peI qy A^Ir ieh iek v`fw mslw bx geI[

ies hwlq dy bwvjUd Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr Aqy AMimRqsr Awpo-Awpxy ielwikAW ivc suDwrk, ividAk Aqy Dwrimk kwrvweIAW krdy rhy[ 1881 ivc isMG sBw lwhOr ny iek is`K skUl KolHx vwsqy koiSSW SurU kr id`qIAW[ ieM\ hI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy qrjmy vwsqy vI koiSSW SurU ho geIAW[ 1882 ivc hzwrW is`KW ny mYmorMfm iqAwr kr ky gurmuKI ilpI qy pMjwbI zbwn ivc skUlW dI pVHweI krvwaux vwsqy srkwr ƒ ByijAw[ 1884 ivc Kwlsw kwlj kwiem krn vwsqy vI sMjIdw koiSSW SurU ho geIAW[ auN\ ies sbMDI kwlj KolHx dI QW, lwhOr jW AMimRqsr, vwsqy Awps-ivroDI kwrvweIAW vI huMdIAW rhIAW[ 1886 qk iek sO dy krIb isMG sBwvW kwiem ho cukIAW sn[ swrIAW isMG sBwvW kuJ nw kuJ jmHW-p`KI kwrvweI krdIAW rihMdIAW sn[ AMimRqsr ivc skUl Aqy cYrItybl hspqwl SurU ho cuky sn[ isAwlkot ivc vI skUl KulH igAw sI[ iSmlw ivc gurduAwrw dy nwl DrmSwlw (srW) bx cukI sI[ dIvwn, kQw-pRvwh, kvI drbwr qW Awm hI huMdy rihMdy sn[ lwhOr ivc iek skUl qy iek A^bwr vI cl rhy sn[ rwvlipMfI ivc vI mwhvwrI „gurmiq pRkwS‟ Cpx lg ipAw sI[ sB qoN Aihm g`l ieh sI ik ies mwhOl ny bhuq swry AwgU pYdw kIqy ijhVy syvw krn ivc iek dUjy qoN A`gy jwxw cwhuMdy sn[ hux is`KW ivc smwijk qy Dwrimk dy nwl-nwl isAwsI jwgo vI AwauxI SurU ho geI sI[ ies dy nwl hI brqwnvI srkwr vI hrkq ivc Aw geI sI[ AwrIAw smwjIAW ny vI ies lihr dI mhwnqw smJ leI sI qy aunHW ny vI isMG sBw lihr dy AwgUAW nwl AwpxI nyVqw SurU kr leI sI[ aunHW dw ieh inSwnw sI ik is`K suDwrk AwgUAW ƒ ihMdU Drm qoN v`KrI pCwx nw bxwaux idqI jwvy[

AwrIAw smwj dw hmlw: 1875 ivc iek ihMdU swDU dXwnMd ny bMbeI (hux muMbeI) ivc AwrIAw smwj dI nINh rKI[ auh AprYl 1877 ivc pMjwb vI AwieAw[ jUn ivc lwhOr ivc vI dXwnMd dI brWc bx geI[ Agly swl qk AMimRqsr, rwvlipMfI, mulqwn, gujrWvwlw, gurdwspur, &Irozpur, ijhlm, vzIrwbwd vgYrw ivc vI ies dIAW brWcW kwiem ho geIAW[ AwrIAw smwj dy AYlwny gey inSwinAW ƒ vyK ky keI is`K vI ies dy mYNbr bx gey[ ienHW ivcoN iek, jvwhr isMG kpUr, AwrIAw smwj dy

sk`qr vI bxw idqy gey qy aunHW ny bhuq imhnq nwl ies jQybMdI vwsqy vD-cVH ky kMm kIqw[ kuJ icr bwAd swDU dXw nMd dI ikqwb “siqAwrQ pRkwS” vI Cwp ky Aw geI[ ies ikqwb ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy dUjy DrmW dy moFIAW, AwgUAW qy pRcwrkW dy i^lw& GtIAW lPz ilKy hoey sn[ jdoN is`KW hI nhIN blik kuJ isAwxy ihMdUAW ny aus dw iDAwn ies pwsy vl idvwieAw qW aus ny vwAdw kIqw ik AglI AYfISn ies ƒ soD ky CwpI jwvygI[ pr dXw nMd 1883 ivc mr igAw[ aus dy mgroN k`tV i&rkU AwrIAw smwjI AMsr ny ies ivc soD krn qoN nWh kr idqI[ (ies qoN svw sO swl mgroN, jUn 2006 ivc iPr ies dy iek muKI ny ieh soD krn bwry vwAdw kIqw pr prnwlw au~Qy dw au~Qy hI irhw)[ mgroN 1897 ivc AwrIAw smwj dy iek gru`p ny Pyr is`KW nUM Awpxy v`l iK`cx vwsqy iliKAw ik “dXw nMd nUM gurmuKI dI jwxkwrI nhIN sI qy aus dy is`K gurUAW bwry l&z dUjy drjy dI jwxkwrI ‟qy ADwrq sn[” (AwrIAw Zzt, 15 julweI 1897)[ ies s&weI mgroN iPr kuJ is`K ienHW nwl juV gey[ ienHW ivcoN muK sn: jgq isMG qy bwvw nwrwiex isMG[ jgq isMG qW ienHW dw eynw ^Yr ^wh bx igAw ik aus ny qW ie`QoN qk ilK mwirAw ik “is`K Drm AwrIAw smwj dw muFlw pVwA sI[ ies mgroN 1898 ivc lwlw Twkr dws Aqy BweI nwrwiex isMG ny “is`K ihMdU hYn” ikqwbcI ilK ky nvW crcw CyV id`qw[ ies 30 s&y dI ikqwbcI dw mUMh qoV jvwb BweI kwnH isMG nwBw ny “hm ihMdU nhIN” ikqwb ilK ky id`qw[

ienHW idnW ivc hI 25 nvMbr 1888 dy idn iek bRwhmx gurU d`q ny AMimRqsr ivc iek lYkcr kridAW gurU swihb dy i^lw& GtIAw bolI vrqI sI[ ies vyly qk jvwhr isMG kpUr AwrIAw smwj dy sk`qr sn[ dXw nMd v`loN kIqy vwAdy muqwibk siqAwrQ pRkwS ivclI GtIAw l`&wzI vI qbdIl nhIN hoeI sI[ ies ‟qy pRotYst vjoN jvwhr isMG kpUr ny AwrIAw smwj qoN AsqI&w dy idqw Aqy isMG sBw lihr ivc Swiml ho gey[ jvwhr isMG dy nwl igAwnI idq isMG vI isMG sBw dw ih`sw bx gey[ ies mgroN koeI vI s`cw is`K AwrIAw smwj dy nwl nw irhw[ AwrIAw smwj ny iek hor is`K-ivroDI hI nhIN blik pMjwb-ivroDI hrkq ieh vI kIqI ik ies ny pMjwbI ihMdUAW nUM ihMdI qy dyvnwgrI v`l toirAw Aqy pMjwbI qy gurmuKI qoN vI dUr kIqw[ (AwrIAw smwj nUM pMjwbI qy gurmuKI qoN n&rq isr& ies kr ky sI ik is`KW dw gurU gRMQ swihb gurmuKI ivc hY)[ ieh idlcsp g`l hY ik A`j vI, 99% pMjwbI ihMdU, svw sO swl qoN ihMdI qy dyvnwgrI dI vrqoN krn dy bwvjUd shI ihMdI nw qW ilK skdy hn qy nw bol skdy hn[ drAsl iek Awm S^s AwpxI mW bolI qoN isvw dUjI bolI nUM pUrI qrHW audoN qk is`K nhIN skdw jd qk auh kuJ dhwky aus dUjI bolI dy ielwky ivc rihx nw lg pvy[

ies dOrwn AwrIAw smwj dw moFI swDU dXw nMd vI pMjwb dy dOry ‟qy AwieAw sI[ aus dy lwhOr Awaux „qy igAwnI id`q isMG aus nUM imilAw Aqy aus nwl &ls&y dy nukiqAW ‟qy bihs kIqI[ ieh bihs iqMn vwr hoeI Aqy iqMny vwr dXw nMd igAwnI id`q isMG dy svwlW dw jwvb nw dy sikAw qy hr vwr aus ny igAwnI id`q isMG qoN hwr mMnI[ ieh vwrqwlwp igAwnI id`q isMG ilKq „myrw qy swDU dXw nMd dw sMbwd‟ ivc q&sIl nwl ilKI hoeI hY[

AwrIAw smwj BwvyN hor iksy srgrm is`K vrkr ‟qy Awpxw Asr qW nw pw sikAw pr fw: jY isMG qy Kym isMG bydI aunHW dy Asr hyTW zrUr Aw gey[ fw. jY isMG dI Su`DI lihr (drAsl musilm ivroDI lihr) ny aus ƒ pUrI qrHW is`K pRcwrk nw bxn idqw[ auN\ aunHW dw rol nWh-p`KI kdy vI nhIN sI[

AwrIAw smwjIAW ny Kym isMG bydI ƒ aunHW ny nIm-ihMdU jW kysW vwlw ihMdU pYtrn ‟qy zrUr clw ilAw[ gdyly lw ky qW auh pihlW hI bYTx lg ipAw sI, hux aus ny Dwrimk suDwrW dw vI, pihloN hOlI-hOlI qy mgroN Sry-Awm, ivroD krnw SurU kr idqw[ aus ny qW pRo. gurmuK isMG Aqy ig. idq isMG vloN CUq-Cwq, is`KI ivc Aw vVIAW ihMdU rIqIAW, is`K-GrW ivc TwkrW dI pUjw dy ivroD, dw vI ivroD SurU kr idqw aus ny hOlI-hOlI keI pujwrI vI Awpxy nwl rlw ley[ keI inrmly qy audwsI swD, jo mnoN ihMdU sn, vI aus dy ihmwieqI bxny hI sn[ AwrIAw smwj nwl nyVqw rKx vwly Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr ivc vDyry sn; ies kr ky ies dIvwn ivc ienHW dw bolbwlw sI[ &rIdkot irAwsq dy rwjy ibkrmw isMG ƒ vI Kym isMG bydI vWg dIvwn ivc spYSl g`dy Aqy glIcy bYTx vwsqy imldy sI; auh vI ies kr ky Kym isMG dw ihmwieqI sI[ Kym isMG bydI dw iek tihlUAw (syvwdwr) Avqwr isMG vhIrIAw sI[ aus dy nW hyT Kym isMG qy ibkrmw isMG rwjw dy h`k ivc ilKqW Cpx lg peIAW sn[ ieh nIm-ihMdU soc vwly lok qW “isMG sBw” ƒ “AKOqI sihjDwrI jW ihMdU sBw” ivc bdlx dI koiSS vI kr rhy sn[ iek vwr qW ies dw nW „isMG sBw‟ dI QW „is`K sBw‟ r`Kx vwsqy rwvlipMfI isMG sBw ny ilKqI suJwA vI pyS kIqw sI[

aus vyly hwlwq ieh sn ik T`tw (nwBw irAwsq) ivc iek is`K ny AwpxI DI dw ivAwh AnMd kwrj dI rsm rwhIN kIqw qW bRwhmxW qy aunHW dy ip`Cl`g dsqwrDwrIAW ny ies dw bweIkwt kIqw qy bwrwq nUM Drmswlw ivc rihx nw id`qw[(Kwlsw A^bwr, 13 julweI 1894)[ drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dy pujwrIAW ny „duKBMjnI‟ byrI kol iek qsvIr lweI hoeI sI ijs ivc ihMdU dyvI cMfI gurU goibMd isMG swihb nUM „vr‟ dyNdI idKweI hoeI sI (ies byrI dw nW duKBMjnI vI ihMdU pujwrIAW ny r`iKAw sI[ is`K Drm ivc iek byrI duK BMjnI nhIN ho skdI[ isr& rb dw nW jpxw hI duK BMjn hY)[ (Kwlsw A^bwr, 12 &rvrI 1897)[ qrnqwrn drbwr swihb dy pujwrIAW ny gurU Arjn swihb dw srwD kIqw[ (Kwlsw A^bwr, 8 AkqUbr 1897)[ ieh swry pujwrI Kym isMG bydI dy ihmwieqI sn[ inrol is`KI, pMQk pRcwr qy is`KI dy inAwrwpx dy ihmwieqI sn: pRo. gurmuK isMG, ig. idq isMG, kMvr ibkrm isMG kpUrQlw, BweI kwnH isMG nwBw, imhr isMG cwvlw vgYrw[ 1887 q`k hwlwq ieh bx gey sn ik Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr inrol is`KI pRcwr vwilAW dw Aqy Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr Kym isMG bydI dw (nIm ihMdU) DVw bx cuky sn[ Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr kol vDIAw ilKwrI vI sn Aqy aunHW kol AKbwr qy rswly vI sn[ 1886 ivc pRo. gurmuK isMG ny suDwrk mwhvwrI mYZzIn vI SurU kr ilAw sI[ ies ivc mUrqI pUjw Aqy gurU-bMs vwilAW dI AKOqI au~cqw dw ^Ub KMfn kIqw jWdw sI Aqy is`KI dy inAwrwpx dw pRcwr kIqw jWdw sI[ ieM\ hI rozwnw Kwlsw A^bwr, jo 13 jUn 1886 ƒ p`Qr Cwpy ‟qy Cpwxw SurU hoieAw sI, vI is`KI dy inAwrwpx dy nwl-nwl ividAk au~nqI, is`K qvwrI^, is`K klcr Aqy &ls&y bwry vDIAw sm`grI Cwp irhw sI[ dUjy pwsy isAwsI p`K qoN vI vKryvyN pYdw ho gey sn[ poR. gurmuK isMG AMgryz srkwr dI mu^wl&q krn dy h`k ivc nhIN sI qy aus ny (mhwrwjw) dlIp isMG dy h`k ivc CpI ^urSId Kwlsw ikqwb dy lyKk inhwl isMG ƒ isMG sBw lwhOr coN k`F vI id`qw sI[ dIvwn bUtw isMG (rwxI ijMd kOr dy swbkw hmdrd) dw vI iehI hSr hoieAw, ikauN ik aus ny aurdU ikqwb ^urSId Kwlsw dw pMjwbI qrjmw Cwp ky vMifAw sI[ AMimRqsr grup BwvyN AMdroN-AMdrI srkwr-pRsq sI, pr aunHW ny ivroD krn dI soc nwl lwhOr grup dy i^lw& stYNf lY ky dlIp isMG (mhwrwjw) dI ihmwieq krnI SurU kr id`qI[ 1887 dy SurU ivc Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr dI srprsqI hyT l`gI iek numwieS ivc dlIp isMG dI qsvIr lwey jwx nwl ies sbMDI AwpsI tkrwE hor vI vD igAw[ ienHIN idnIN drbwr swihb qy Akwl q^q swihb dy pujwrIAW ny AMgryzW dI cwplUsI dI iek hor Zlq hrkq kIqI[ jd

vwiesrwey AMimRqsr AwieAw qW aus nUM KMfy dI pwhul dyx dI rsm kr ky idKweI geI, Xwin numwieS kIqI geI[ (ikrpwl isMG, BweI vIr isMG dI ieiqhwsk rcnw, s&w 308)[

drbwr swihb ivc ibjlI: Bwvy Kym isMG bydI ƒ AMgryzI srkwr p`kw v&wdwr smJdI sI pr dlIp isMG dI qsvIr ny Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr ƒ srkwr dy Gr ivc bwZI bxw idqw[ srkwr ny AMimRqsr DVy ƒ is`KW dy numwieMidAW vjoN srkwrI bYTkW, kmytIAW Aqy AdwirAW ivc QW dyxI bMd kr idqI[ ienHIN idnIN hI drbwr swihb ivc ibjlI lwaux sbMDI do rwvW bx geIAW[ AMimRqsr DVw ibjlI dy h`k ivc sI[ rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot ny ies mksd vwsqy, rwxI ivktorIAw dI jublI dy nW qy 25 hzwr rupY dyx dw AYlwn vI kr id`qw[ dUjy pwsy, lwhOr DVy dy pRo. gurmuK isMG ies dy i^lw& sn[ ibjlI dI mu^wl&q krn kwrn AMimRqsr DVy ny pRo. gurmuK isMG Aqy ig. idq isMG dy i^lw& bVw pRcwr kIqw[ hwlq ieh ho gey ik drbwr swihb ‟qy kwbz AMimRqsrI DVy dy ihmwieqI pujwrIAW ny iek idn pRo. gurmuK isMG ƒ mMjI swihb qkrIr vI nw krn idqI[ hwlW ik sMgq aunHW ƒ suxn vwsqy pu`jI hoeI sI[ pr srbrwh ny qW pulIs vI bulweI hoeI sI ijs kol hukm sI ik jy poR. gurmuK isMG bolx dI koiSS kry qW aus ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw jwvy[ pRo. gurmuK isMG ny ies byiezqI ƒ BulwieAw nhIN[ aus ny jWidAW hI Awpxy rswly „suDwrk‟ ivc iek lyK ilK ky drbwr swihb ivc mUrqI pUjw Aqy hor A-is`K krm kWf dIAW kwrvweIAW dw pwj auGwiVAw[ aus ny pujwrIAW Aqy srbrwh ƒ ies dw izMmydwr TihrwieAw[ srbrwh Aqy pujwrIAW ny ies qoN iKJ ky prcwr krnw SurU kr idqw ik pRo. gurmuK isMG ny gurU gRMQ swihb dI byAdbI kIqI hY[ hux Kym isMG bydI qy pujwrI QW-QW jw ky pRo. gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& prcwr krn lg pey[ ienHW ny AMimRqsr Kwlsw dIvwn, rwvlipMfI isMG sBw Aqy &rIdkot dy rwjy ibkrmw isMG dy ihmwieqIAW ƒ vI nwl rlw ilAw[ ienHW ny pRo. gurmuK isMG qy hyT ilKy “doS” lwey: (1) aus ny Kwlsy dy ieq&wk Aqy au~nqI ivc ivroD dw bIj bIijAw hY (2) aus ny AMimRqsr dy Kwlsw dIvwn ƒ ‘msnUhI’ ikhw hY Aqy ies dy mukwbly ivc lwhOr ivc Kwlsw dIvwn bxwieAw hY (3) ies ny bwbw Kym isMG ƒ Kwlsw dIvwn ivc gdylw nw ivCwaux dyx vwsqy kwrvweIAW kIqIAW hn (4) BweI bwlw Aqy sumyr prbq dI hoNd ‟qy S`k prgt kIqw hY (5) auh gurU gRMQ swihb dy srUp ƒ jVH pdwrQ mMndw hY Aqy jd q`k gurU gRMQ swihb dI qwibAw koeI nw bYTw hovy audoN qk auh m`Qw nhIN tykdw[

pRo: gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& AKOqI hukmnwmw: ieh doS lw ky ies DVy ny &rIdkot ‟c iek mIitMg bulweI qy pRo. gurmuK isMG ƒ juAwb dyx vwsqy vI bulwieAw[ ieh vI crcw sI ik AMimRqsr DVw JgVw krvw ky aunHW ƒ irAwsqI pulIs koloN igR&qwr krvw dyvygw[ ies kr ky poR. gurmuK isMG au~Qy gey hI nhIN[ ies iek-iDrI bYTk ny pws kIqw ik BweI “gurmuK isMG jI sbMDI ieh rwie zwihr kIqI geI hI ik AYsIAW (aupr izkr kIqIAW pMj) Anuicq kwrvweIAW krn vwlw purS jd qoVI AwpxI B`ul nw bKSwey qd qoVI qA`lukwq isMG sBw Aqy Kwlsw dIvwn sy Alihdw rKxy Xog hY[” ies „mqy‟ hyTW rwjw ibkrmw isMG, Kym isMG bydI, sumyr isMG, sMq isMG igAwnI kpUrQlw, audY isMG vZYrw dy dsq^q sn[ mgroN AMimRqsr jnrl sBw qoN ies dI qweId krvweI geI[ ies hyTW kwhn isMG mjIiTAw, srdUl isMG igAwnI, fwktr crn isMG (ipqw BweI vIr isMG) Aqy drbwr swihb dy hor audwsI qy inrmly pujwrIAW Aqy gRMQIAW dy dsq^q vI krvwey gey[ies DVy ny eyQy hI bs nhIN kIqw[ ienHW ny rwvlipMfI, kpUrQlw, jlMDr, i&lOr, Swhkot, KmwxoN, GVUMAW, KrV, bUVIAw, nwrMgvwl, jMifAwlw, nvWSihr, kIrqpur, gujrWvwlw, isAwlkot, AnMdpur, ptnw, qlvMfI swbo Aqy Akwl qKq dy pujwrIAW qoN vI gurmuK isMG ƒ “pMQ ‘coN Kwrj” krn vwlw AKOqI-hukm(nwmw) jwrI krvwieAw[ ies DVy v`loN, AMimRqsr qoN Akwl qKq dy nW ‟qy jwrI krvwieAw igAw, n&rq qy eIrKw vwlw, AKOqI hukm(nwmw) ieh sI: hm jumly isMGwn pujwrIAn q^q swihb Akwl buMgw v drbwr swihb jI v bwbw Atl rwie jI v JMfw buMgw swihb v ShId buMgw swihb ny mulwhjy kwrvweI gurmuK isMG skiqR kw kIAw[ mwlUm hUAw hY ik ies S^s ny cMd jgw bri^lw& gurieSt ky qOhIn gurU gRMQ swihb v gurU AMs v gurbwnI ky qihrIr v qkrIr kIAw hY ijs sy swbq hoqw hY ik aus kw eykdwd is`K Drm sy iblkul bri^lw& hY[ ies vwsqy hm qmwm pujwrIAn v gRMQIAn v nMbrdwr gurduAwry hwie mddUh qihjIr krqy hYN ik gurmuK isMG mjkUr pMQ Kwlsw sy Alihdw kIAw igAw hY[ gurduAwry hwie mOsU& aus kI Ardws nw hogI v brqwau n hogw[ qmwm isMGwn ko vwizAw rhy ik koeI S^s aus kw pYrokwr nw ho[ jo S^s aus kI pYrvI krygw vuh BI bymuK lwiek qn^wh smJw jweygw[ AOr vYsw hI slUk aus ky swQ BI kIAw jwvygw[ Pkwq v qwrI^ sqvIN mwh cyq 418 gurU nwnkSwhI, muqwibk 18 mwrc sMn 1887. dsq^q hwzrIn isMGn v auhdydwrwAn v gRMQIAn v pujwrIAn: srdwr mwn isMG srbrwh gurduAwry swihbwn, s: kwnH isMG mjIiTAw reIs, BweI hrnwm isMG gRMQI drbwr swihb, BweI gulwb isMG mhMq Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI qyjw isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI jvwhr isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI pRqwp isMG, suMdr isMG, Syr isMG, BweI krm isMG ArdwsIAw drbwr swihb, srdwr jsvMq isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Twkr isMG pujwrI, BweI dyvw isMG DUpIAw, BweI mulqwnw isMG, BweI sMqw isMG pujwrI, BweI hridq isMG ArdwsIAw, BweI mhW isMG, BweI tyk isMG p`qIdwr Akwl buMgIAw, cMcl isMG, gulwb isMG Akwl buMgIAw p`qIdwr, gulwb isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Aqr isMG Akwl buMgIAw, BweI nwrwiex isMG nMbrdwr bwbw At`l rwie swihb jI, BweI jvwhr isMG, BweI DMnw isMG bwbw Atl rwie jI dy suKeI, BweI drbwrw isMG JMfy buMgIAw, BweI ikrpwl isMG jI JMfy buMgIAw, gurid`q isMG inSwncI, BweI sMq isMG nMbrdwr, BweI nwrwiex isMG jI gRMQI qrn qwrn swihb[

ij`Qy-ij`Qy &rIdkotI rwjy, Kym isMG bydI, srbrwh pRdumx isMG, sumyr isMG, sMq isMG igAwnI kpUrQlw vgYrw dy sbMD sn, au~QoN pRo gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& ic`TIAW ilKvwaux mgroN AMimRqsrI DVw Q`k igAw[ hux lwhOr isMG sBw ny vI pRo: gurmuK isMG dy h`k ivc muihMm SurU kr idqI[ AprYl 1887 ivc ivswKI dy mOky ‟qy AMimRqsr ivc lwhOr Kwlsw dIvwn, pitAwlw, rwjpurw, jlMDr, liDAwxw, qrnqwrn, AMbwlw, iBMfr vgYrw, kul 19 isMG sBwvW dw iek`T hoieAw[ aus ivc pRo: gurmuK isMG dI ihmwieq ivc mqw pws kIqw igAw[ ies dy jvwb ivc AMimRqsrI DVy ny vI AwpxI mIitMg kIqI ijs ivc rwvlipMfI, AMimRqsr, &rIdkot Aqy pihlW dsq^q kr cukIAW isMG sBwvW dy nMumwieMdy Swiml hoey[ ies mOky ‟qy iek is`K ny 40 nukiqAW vwlw, iek A`T s&y dw, KulHw ^q vMifAw[ ies ivc AMimRqsrI DVy ‟qy is`KI dy ault clx dy doS lwey hoey sn[ aus ƒ ies mIitMg iv`coN k`ut-mwr ky k`F id`qw igAw[ aus is`K dy lwey ielzwmW ivcoN muK ieh sn: 1. gurU dI hzUrI ivc gdyly lw ky bYTxw 2. ds pwiqSwhIAW qy gurU gRMQ swihb qoN ibnW bwrHvIN, qyrHvIN qy cOdHvIN pwiqSwhI AKvwauxw 3. jnyaU pwauxw 4. dwVHI ƒ vsmw lw ky kwlw krnw 5. ihMdU mUrqIAW dI pUjw krnw vgYrw[ ies mgroN, 16 AprYl 1887 dy idn, ig: idq isMG ny Kwlsw A^bwr dw iek cwr s&y dw zmImw CwipAw[ ies ivc aunHW dy ilKy “supn nwtk” dI iek ikSq vI sI[ ies ‟qy rwjw &rIdkot Aqy Kym isMG bydI

bhuq gu`sy ivc Awey Aqy aunHW ny ig: idq isMG ‟qy mukdmw krn dI DmkI idqI[ ig: idq isMG ny muk`dmy dy c`kr qoN bcx vwsqy Agly AMk ivc (qy mgroN keI vwr vI) ieh iliKAw ik “ies nwtk ivc hMkwr Aqy dMB dI siq (scweI) AOr suihrdqw ivckwr klipq lVweI dw izkr hY, ijvyN pRboD cMdr nwtk ivc moh Aqy ibbyk dI lVweI dI klpnw pyS kIqI hY[ swfw iksy dy inj bwry ilKx dw koeI ArQ nhIN hY[” pr igAwnI idq isMG dI ies s&weI dI prvwh nw krdy hoey irAwsq &rIdkot dy iek nOkr audX isMG rwhI ig: idq isMG ‟qy mukdmw krvw id`qw igAw[ h`qk ie`zq dy ies kys dw swrw ^rcw rwjw &rIdkot Aqy Kym isMG bydI ny idqw[ dUjy pwsy igAwnI idq isMG dy if&YNs dw Krcw Aqr isMG BdOV Aqy kMvr ibkrm isMG ny id`qw[ A^Ir Adwlq ny ig: idq isMG ƒ 51 rupY hrjwnw Brn vwsqy &Yslw idqw[ ig: idq isMG ny ies &Ysly dy i^lw& ApIl kIqI[ sYSn j`j ny ApIl mnzUr kr ky ig: idq isMG ƒ brI kr idqw[ ies kys dy ^qm hox mgroN vI dohW iDrW ivc coKI rMijS bxI rhI[

mu`FlI lIfriSp dw tur jwxw: ig. idq isMG ‟qy mu`kdmw SurU hox qoN CyqI hI ip`CoN, iek-iek kr ky isMG sBw lihr dy swry moFI AwgU cVHweI krn lg pey[ sB qoN pihlW, 8 meI 1887 dy idn kMvr ibkrm isMG kpUrQlw (jlMDr), iPr 18 sqbMr 1887 ƒ Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw (jo audoN jlwvqn ho ky pWfIcrI ivc rihMdy sn), 10 jUn 1896 ƒ Aqr isMG BdOV, 8 Agsq 1898 nUM rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot, 9 jUn 1898 ƒ fw: jY isMG, 24 sqMbr 1898 ƒ pRo: gurmuK isMG qy 6 sqMbr 1901 ƒ ig: idq isMG ies &wnI dunIAW ƒ Alivdw kih gey[ ies nwl isMG sBw lihr dw pihlw pVwA ^qm ho igAw[ hux AMimRqsr Aqy lwhOr DVy dI t`kr vI ^qm ho geI[

isMG sBw lihr dI dyx: 1. is`KW ivc Awpxy inAwrwpx dw Aihsws pYdw hoieAw qy aunHW ƒ ihMdU Drm dw iek AMg bxwaux dI ihMdU swizS nwkmXwb ho geI 2. is`KW ny Awpxy sskwr iPr Kwlsw irvwieqW muqwibk krny SurU kr idqy 3. drbwr swihb ivcoN klipq ihMdU dyvI-dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW htw ky ies ƒ inrol is`K sYNtr bxwieAw igAw Aqy is`KW ivc p`Qr-pUjw qy mUrqI-pUjw kwiem hox qoN Cutkwrw imilAw[ (ienHW mUrqIAW nUM htwaux ivc v`fw rol ArUV isMG srbrwh dw sI[ ArUV isMG 1919 ivc fwier nUM isropw dyx kwrn bdnwm hoieAw sI, vrnw aus dw bwkI rol kwbly-qwrI& sI) 4. gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI ivc gdyly htwey jwx nwl gurU-bMs dy nW ‟qy gurU-fMm kwiem hoxoN ruk igAw 5. mYks AwrQr mYkwil& qoN AMgryzI ivc is`K ieiqhws ilKvwieAw igAw Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb dy kuJ ih`sy dw AMgryzI qrjmw vI krvwieAw igAw 6. AMimRqsr ivc Kwlsw kwlj kwiem krn dw pRwjYkt vI isMG sBw ny hI auBwirAw sI 7. isMG sBw lihr dy AwgUAW ny is`K Drm Aqy qvwrI^ sbMDI iek sO dy krIb ikqwbW Aqy sYNkVy trYkt vI Cwpy[ ies nwl lokW ivc jwgo AweI 8. iesy lihr dy Asr hyTW rozwnw, h&qwvwrI Aqy mwhvwrI rswly vI SurU hoey ijs nwl is`K jrnilzm Aqy pMjwbI jrnilzm dw mu`F b`Jw 9. ies lihr ny bhuq swry is`K AwgU, vrkr, lyKk, pRo&Ysr, ausqwd, vkIl, A^bwr nvIs pYdw kIqy[ mgroN ienHW ny is`KI prcwr qy is`KW ivc kOmIAq dw Aihsws qoN ielwvw aunHW ivc isAwsI h`kW vwsqy sUJ pYdw kIqI 10. is`KW ivc smwj suDwr, ividAw, igAwn dw bhuq prswr hoieAw[ 1850 ivc iek AMgryz ilKwrI ny iliKAw sI ik “25 swl bwAd pMjwb ivc dsqwr nhIN idsxI[” isMG sBw lihr ny ies nUM Zlq swibq kr ky idkw id`qw[ ieh isMG sBw dw kmwl sI ik ies dy Asr hyTW is`KW dI AwbwdI ijhVI ik 1868 ivc 11 l`K 41 hzwr 848 sI, isr& 10-12 swl ivc hI vD ky 1881 ivc hoeI pihlI mrdm SumwrI ivc ieh igxqI 18 l`K 53 hzwr 428 ho geI sI, Xwin ik s`q l`K dw vwDw (60% qoN vI izAwdw) hoieAw sI[iesy lihr dw iek ih`sw Kwlsw trYkt suswietI sI ijhVI 1894 ivc AkwlI kOr isMG dI AgvweI ivc kwiem hoeI sI[iesy lihr hyTW 1906 ivc qyjw isμG BsOV ny pμc Kwlsw dIvwn kwiem kIqw[ &Irozpur ivc BweI qKq isμG ny is`K kμinAw pwTSwlw, kYroN ipMf ivc inhwl isμG ny ^wlsw Bujμgx AwSrm qy BsOV ivc qyjw isμG ny iesqrI ividAw Bμfwr Kol ky iesqrI ividAw dw ^Ub prcwr kIqw.

isMG sBw lihr dy AwgU

Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw,Arjn isMG bwgVIAW 

Aqr isMG BdOV, kMvr ibkrmw isMG

pRo gurmuK isMG, igAwnI id`q isMG

Kym isMG bydI, rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

isMG swihb

1. isMGW dw swihb (mwilk, suAwmI)
2. ieh lkb isr& gurU goibMd isMG jI vwsqy vriqAw jWdw sI ikauN ik isr& aunHW nUM hI is`KW dw suAwmI mMinAw jWdw sI[

jd mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny AwpxI hkUmq kwiem kr leI qW cwplUsW ny aus nUM vI ‘isMG swihb’ kihxw SurU kr id`qw[ aus vwsqy ieh lkb sB qoN pihlW igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw ny vriqAw sI[ pr is`K ivdvwn aus vwsqy ieh lkb nhIN vrqdy sn[ mgroN dy kcGrV lyKkW ny ies dI vrqoN Awm kr id`qI sI[ 1986 qoN mgroN qW ieh lkb pihlW Akwl q^q dy muK gRMQI qy iPr hor gRMQIAW vwsqy vI vriqAw jwx lg ipAw[ ijhVy ieh lkb vrqdy hn aunHW nUM Swied ies dw ArQ vI pqw nhIN[ koeI gRMQI is`KW dw swihb/ mwilk nhIN ho skdw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

isMGw, BweI

1. BweI isMGw soFI ibrwdrI dw purohq sI[ aus dw nW is`K qvwrI^ dI iek Aihm Gtnw nwl juiVAw hoieAw hY[ ApRYl 1634 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb AwpxI bytI bIbI vIro dy ivAwh dIAW iqAwrIAW ivc ru`Jy hoey sn[ bwrwq Awaux qoN iek idn pihlW muZl &OjW ny iek jrnYl murqzw Kwn dI AgvweI ivc guru-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ is`KW ƒ ies hmly dI ^br AgwaUN ho geI[ iesy kr ky aunHW ngr qoN bwhr (mOjUdw Kwlsw kwlj vwlI jgHw dy nyVy) morcy sMBwl ley[ iek pwsy qW is`KW dy kuJ j`iQAW ny muZl &OjW dw rwh f`k ilAw qy dUjy pwsy kuJ is`K gurU swihb dy pirvwrW ƒ gurU dw c`k qoN dUr mih&Uz jgHw (Jbwl) v`l iljwx l`g pey[ QoVHI hI dyr ivc muZl &OjW ny ngr ƒ keI pwisAW qoN Gyrw pw ilAw[ ies dy nwl hI Gmswx dI lVweI SurU ho geI[ ies vyly q`k gurU Gr dy swry mYNbr Jbwl phuMcwey jw cu`ky sn[ pr bIbI vIro, ijs dw ivAwh hoxw sI, auh Ajy gurU dw c`k ivc hI sI[ ikauNik auh iek`lI v`Kry kmry ivc sI, ies kr ky BwjV ivc aus v`l iksy dw i^Awl hI nw igAw[pr jdoN is`KW ƒ ies dw pqw l`gw qW aunHW ivcoN BweI isMGw purohq qy BweI bwbk ny muslmwnI rUp Dwr ky bIbI vIro ƒ l`B ky lY AWdw[ isMGw ny bIbI vIro ƒ GoVy ’qy ibTwieAw Aqy duSmxW dw Gyrw qoVdw hoieAw Jbwl phuMc gey[ bIbI vIro ƒ au~Qy C`fx mgroN isMGw vwips AMimRqsr Aw igAw Aqy lVweI ivc Swiml ho igAw[ isMGw ny bhuq swry muZl ispwhI pwr bulwey[ muZlW dIAW lwSW dy Fyr l`gy vyK ky muZl kmWfr sXd ny keI swQIAW sxy BweI isMGw ’qy hmlw bol id`qw[ isMGw ny ienHW swirAW dw mukwblw f`t ky kIqw[ A^Ir aus sXd nwl h`Qo-h`Q lVweI ivc auh muZl jrnYl qy isMGw dovyN mwry gey[ies lVweI ivc ShId hox vwly ienHW swry is`KW dw sskwr gurU hirgoibMd jI ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw sI[

isMGw dw pu`qr jwqI mlk / jwqI m`l vI AMimRqsr (qy mgroN krqwrpur dI lVweI, jo 27 qoN 29 ApRYl 1635 ƒ hoeI sI) ivc idlo-jwn qoN liVAw sI[ jdoN gurU jI krqwrpur C`f ky kIrqpur cly gey qW jwqI mlk qy aus dw pirvwr vI gurU jI dy nwl hI cly gey[jwqI milk ny 1643 ivc kIrqpur swihb ivKy hI cVHweI kIqI[ mrn qoN pihlW aus ny Awpxy pu`qr dXw rwm dI bWh gurU hirgoibMd jI dy h`Q PVw id`qI sI[ mgroN ieh dXw rwm (KMfy dI pwhul mgroN dXw isMG purohq) gurU goibMd isMG jI dw nzdIkI swQI bixAw Aqy A^Ir qk aunHW dI syvw krdw irhw sI.

2. KIvy dw iek j`t, jo gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dy smyN dw is`K sI[ iek vwr gurU jI ny ies nUM aupdyS id`qw sI ik Bojn dw vrqwrw lYx kdy iksy dy Gr nw jwE; jo Awp ipAwr nwl dyvy auh lY jwE. 3. BweI isMGw KIvw dw rihx vwlw sI[ swKI poQI muqwibk iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb mwlvw dy dOry ’qy gey qW auh gurU jI nUM imilx AwieAw[ aus ny guru jI dy GoiVAW vwsqy pwxI Gwh qy cwry dw ieMqzwm vI kIqw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

isMGpurIAw imsl

ies imsl ƒ &YzlwpurIAw imsl vI kihMdy sn[ ies dw iek muKI (nvwb) kpUr isMG qrnqwrn izlHw dy isMGpurw (ijs dw pihlw nW &Yzlwpur sI) dw rihx vwlw sI[ nvwb kpUr isMG cODrI dlIp isMG ivrk dw pu`qr sI[ 1723 ivc ieh Gr-Gwt C`f ky pMQk syvw ivc ih`sw pwaux vwsqy bwbw drbwrw isMG dy j`Qy ivc Swiml ho igAw sI qy CyqI hI swrIAW is`K &OjW (dl Kwlsw) dw ifptI cI& bx igAw sI[ jd 1733 ivc is`KW nUM nvwbI dI pySkS kIqI geI sI qW ies nUM nvwb bxwieAw igAw sI[(iesy krky kpUr isMG dy nwm A`gy sdw leI “nvwb” l`g igAw)[ 1734 ivc ies nUM dl Kwlsw dw jQydwr (muKI) bxwieAw igAw sI[

nvwb kpUr isMG ny sqluj dirAw dy pUrbI qy p`CmI ielwikAW ivc AwpxI hkUmq kwiem kIqI[ aus dI irAwsq ivc p`tI, hYbqpur qy jlMDr dy prgny Swiml sn[ aus kol 2500 GoVsvwr sn[ aus ny J`jr, dwdrI, dujwnw, ptOdI, bhwdrgVH, &rIdwbwd, blbgVH, guVgwEN dy hwkmW Aqy reIsW qoN vI Krwj vsUl kIqw[

1753 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[ aus mgroN aus dw BqIjw ^uShwl isMG (pu`qr BweI dwn isMG) imsl dw jQydwr bixAw[ ^uShwl isMG 1795 ivc cVHweI kr igAw[ aus vyly qk ies imsl ny jlMDr-doAwb ivc mnOlI, GnOlI, BrqgV, bulMdgVH, hYbqpur, p`tI, nUrpur, bihrwmpur, Awdmpur, bMgw, bylw, C`q, bnUV, Abohr vgYrw ij`q ley hoey sn[ ies dI kul Awmdn swFy iqMn l`K rupY swlwnw sI[ ies ivcoN do l`K rupY bwrI doAwb qoN, iek l`K rupY ibsq duAwb qoN qy 50000 rupY C`q bnUV qoN AwauNdy sn[

KuShwl isMG qoN mgroN aus dw pu`qr buD isMG imsl dw cI& bixAw[ aus ny jlMDr ’qy kbzw kr ky ies nUM vI AwpxI irAwsq dw ih`sw bxw ilAw[ AkqUbr 1811 ivc rxjIq isMG ny aus ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ auh dOV ky sqluj pwr AMgryzI ielwky ivc clw igAw[ ies mgroN rxjIq isMG ny aus dy bwkI ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1816 ivc bu`D isMG dI mOq ho geI[ buD isMG dy s`q pu`qr sn (Amr isMG, BUpq isMG, lwl isMG, guridAwl isMG, idAwl isMG, gopwl isMG, hridAwl isMG)[ buD isMG dI irAwsq aunHW ny Awps ivc vMf leI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sIqw rwm kohlI

sIqw rwm kohlI (28.2.1889 – julweI 1962) dw jnm Byrw (izlHw Swhpur, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[muFlI pVHweI ipMf ivcoN krn mgroN aus ny srkwrI kwlj lwhOr qoN ihstrI ivc AYm.ey. kIqI[ aus dI ilAwkq nUM vyK ky 1915 ivc aus nUM ihstrI dI Koj vwsqy ‘AlYZzYNdrw rIsrc skwlriSp’ id`qw igAw[ aus ny ies pRwjYkt hyTW mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy drbwr dy 1811 qoN 1849 qk dy irkwrfW dI Koj kIqI qy Sksqw &wrsI ivc ilKy iqMn l`K kwZzW dI pVqwl mgroN aus ny ‘kYtwlwg Aw& lwhOr drbwr irkwrfz’ nW dI ikqwb ilKI, jo 1919 Aqy 1927 ivc do ijldW ivc CpI[ 1919 ivc aus nUM srkwrI kwlj lwhOr ivc ihstrI dw lYkcrwr lwieAw igAw[ aus kol ‘ifptI kIpr Aw& irkwrfz’ dw vwDU cwrj vI sI[ 1933 ivc aus nUM srkwrI kwlj luiDAwxw ivc qbdIl kr id`qw igAw qy nwl hI vweIs ipRMsIpl vI bxw id`qw igAw[ 1940 ivc auh srkwrI kwlj huiSAwrpur dw ipRMsIpl bx igAw[ 1946 ivc rItwier hox ’qy aus nUM jINd srkwr ny aus nUM rxbIr kwlj sMgrUr dw ipRMsIpl lw id`qw[ aus ny ieh syvw nvMbr 1951 qk inBweI[ ies mgroN aus ny AwpxI bwkI aumr rohqk ivc ibqweI[ ikqwbW: aus ny 1932 ivc ‘trwiel Aw& dIvwn mUl rwj’ qy 1933 ivc ‘mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG’ (aurdU ivc) CwpI[ 1951 ivc aus ny ‘mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ’qy nvIN ikqwb pMjwbI ivc ilKI[ aus dI ‘snsYt Aw& is`K AYNpwier’ aus dI moq qoN mgroN CpI sI[ aus ny Amr nwQ ilKq ‘z&rnwmw-ie-rxjIq isMG’, gxyS dws vfyrw ilKq ‘&qhnwmw guru Kwlsw jI kw’ Aqy lwhOr drbwr qy AMgryzW dI lVweI bwry Swh muhMmd dw ‘jMgnwmw isMGW qy &rMgIAW’ (1956) dw sMpwdn vI kIqw sI[ (sIqw rwm kohlI rucI rwm swhnI dw dwmwd sI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sIql isMG

iKdrwxy dI Fwb ’qy 29 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ShId hox vwly cwlHI isMGW ivc BweI sIql isMG vI sI[ aus dy nwl aus dy ipqw rwey isMG Aqy Brw mhW isMG ny vI ShIdI pweI sI[ sIql isMG rwey isMG dw qIjw pu`qr sI[ BweI mnI isMG aus dw skw cwcw sI[ aus dy dwdw BweI mweI dws qy pVdwdw ShId BweI b`lU gurU Gr dy isdkI syvwdwr rhy sn[ dsMbr 1705 ivc sIql isMG Awpxy ipqw nwl ipMf mrlH-mwVI ivc irhw krdw sI[ jdoN 28 dsMbr 1705 dy idn mwJy dy 40 isMGW dw iek j`Qw gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy drSnW vwsqy mwlvy v`l igAw qW auh vI Awpxy ipqw qy v`fy Brw nwl ies jQy ivc Swiml hoieAw[ ieh jQw dirAw ibAws Aqy sqluj pwr kr ky mKU, zIrw Aqy mogw nyiVEN lMGdw hoieAw 29 dsMbr dI svyr vyly ipMf rUpyAwxw dI rohI ivc gurU swihb ƒ iml ipAw[ ies mOky ’qy jQy dy iek AwgU BweI Bwg isMG Jbwl ny gurU swihb ƒ AwpxI g`l mnwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr kwmXwb nw ho sikAw qW aus ny kwhlI ivc gurU swihb ƒ bydwvw ilK id`qw[ ies bydwvy ƒ gurU swihb ny sMBwl ilAw Aqy A`gy v`l c`l pey[ gurU swihb dy jwx mgroN j`Qy dy nwl AweI mweI Bwg kOr dy vloN iJVkW mwrn ’qy aunHW swirAW ƒ iehsws hoieAw ik aunHW ny bydwvw ilK ky ZlqI kIqI hY[ CyqI hI auh swry gurU swihb dy ip`Cy Bu`l b^Swaux vwsqy c`l pey[ Ajy auh iKdrwxy dI Fwb dy nyVy hI pu`jy sn ik srhMd dy nvwb vzIr Kwn dIAW &OjW vI au~Qy Aw pu`jIAW[ vyKidAW-vyKidAW hI dohW iDrW ivc zbrdsq jMg SurU ho igAw[ is`K BwvyN 40 sn pr aunHW ny hzwrW dI igxqI ivc AweI muZl &Oj dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ cwlHI isMGW ny ShIdIAW pwaux qoN pihlW v`fI igxqI ivc muZl &OjI mwr mukwey[ Swm pYx q`k swry isMG zmIn ’qy if`g cu`ky sn[ ies mgroN jdoN muZl &Oj ny vyiKAw ik is`KW ivc lVweI krn vwsqy koeI vI nhIN bicAw qW vzIr ^wn ny aunHW ƒ vwips clx dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw[ kuJ dyr mgroN gurU goibMd isMG swihb vI au~Qy pu`j gey[ aunHW ny BweI mwn isMG inSwncI, BweI dwn isMG Aqy bwkI isMGW dI mdd nwl ShIdW dIAW lwSW iek`TIAW kIqIAW[ AglI svyr, 30 dsMbr dy idn, ienHW lwSW dw iek`iTAW hI sskwr kIqw igAw[ ienHW dw sskwr gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny soihlw dw pwT kr ky Awpxy h`QIN kIqw[sIql isMG SwdI-Sudw sn[ Awp dw iek bytw su`Kw isMG sI[su`Kw dw bytw syvw isMG sI[syvw isMG dy A`goN do byty sn: mohn isMG qy rwjw isMG[ ieh pirvwr ies qoN bwAd vI is`KI dI syvw krdw irhw[ ies ^wndwn dy keI Gr A`j-klH vI ipMf sUhroN, nnhyVw kOlI (izlHw pitAwlw) Awid ivc Awbwd hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sIqo bweI (bsMq kOr)

sIqo bweI (1646? – 1734) BweI l`KI rwie vxjwrw dI bytI Aqy BweI mnI isMG dI pqnI sI[ aus dw ivAwh mnI isMG nwl 1659 ivc hoieAw sI[ KMfy dI pwhul lYx mgroN aus dw nW bsMq kOr r`iKAw igAw sI[ aus ny kw&I smW AlIpur (mulqwn) dy ielwky ivc ibqwieAw sI, pr mgroN Aw^rI aumr ivc auh BweI mnI isMG nwl rihx vwsqy gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) Aw geI sI[ 1733 dI AkqUbr ivc mnI isMG ny hkUmq nwl g`lbwq kr ky 10 hzwr rupey dy tYks dI AdwiegI dI Srq ’qy dIvwlI vwly idnW ivc AMimRqsr ’c isMGW dw iek iek`T s`idAw[ ieh iek`T 20 qoN 26 AkqUbr 1733 ƒ hoxw sI[ iek pwsy muZl hkUmq ny iejwzq dy id`qI pr dUjy pwsy &Oj ƒ cOks kr id`qw qW jo mOky ’qy hmlw kr ky v`D qoN v`D isMG ShId jW igR&qwr kIqy jw skx[ ies AYkSn vwsqy lKpq rwey vzIr ƒ qwienwq kIqw hoieAw sI[ aus ny keI is`K igR&qwr kr ky ShId kIqy vI sn[ ieh ^br mnI isMG q`k vI pu`j geI Aqy aunHW ny isMGW nUM AwauxoN rok id`qw, ijs nwl v`fw iek`T nw ho sikAw[ cVHwvw nw cVHn kr ky mnI isMG im`QI rkm nw qwr sky[ A^Ir mnI isMG ny ivswKI 1734 (9 ApRYl 1734) q`k dI muhlq hwisl kr leI[ ivswKI ’qy vI muZl &OjW ny is`KW ’qy hmlw krn dI iqAwrI kr r`KI sI qy ies kr ky ieh iek`T nw ho sikAw[ ies dOrwn hI mOlwixAW ny zkrIAw ^wn nUM is`KW dy i^lw& BVkwieAw Aqy ikhw ik qUM is`KW nUM Sih nw dyh[ aunHW sgoN swry is`KW nUM ^qm krn vwsqy BVkwieAw[ies ’qy zkrIAw ^wn ny AMimRqsr &Oj Byj id`qI Aqy BweI swihb Aqy au~Qy rih rhy bwkI isMGW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ BweI swihb dy nwl aunHW dy Brw jgq isMG, do pu`qrW (icqr isMG qy gurb^S isMG), gulzwr isMG (bytw Awlm isMG) sMgq isMG qy rx isMG (pu`qr nTIAw), mnI isMG dI isMGxI bsMq kOr qy hor bIbIAW qy b`icAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ieh swry BweI swihb dy pirvwrW ivcoN hI sn[ ienHW qoN ielwvw BUpq isMG pu`qr jyTw isMG, mohkm isMG, AaulIAw isMG, kIrq isMG pu`qr &qih isMG, kwhn isMG qy keI horW ƒ vI igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ ienHW swirAW ƒ lwhOr dy kYdKwny ivc qsIhy id`qy gey[ ienHW ƒ “mOq” Aqy “ieslwm” ivcoN iek dI cox krn dI pySkS kIqI geI, pr, swirAW ny ShIdI kbUl kIqI[ BweI mnI isMG ƒ bMd-bMd k`t ky ShId kIqw igAw[ BUpq isMG dIAw A`KW k`F ky aunHW ƒ crKVI ’qy cwVH ky ShId kIqw igAw[gulzwr isMG jI ƒ pu`Tw ltkw ky aunHW dI K`l auqwrI geI[ ieM\ hI bwkI isMGW ƒ vI vihSI qrIky nwl ShId kIqw igAw[ bIbI bsMq kOr Aqy aus nwl ies prvwr dIAW kuJ hor bIbIAW nUM vI bMdI ^wny ivc r`K ky ShId kIqw igAw sI[ audoN aus dI aumr qkrIbn 80 swl sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

simQ, hYrI

krnl sr hYnrI jwrj vykiln simQ (28.6.1787–12.10.1860), jo hYrI simQ dy nW nwl mShUr hY, AMgryzI &Oj dw iek sInIAr jrnYl sI[ aus ny XUrp ivc 1812 ivc nYpolIAn dy i^lw& jMgW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ ies mgroN aus nUM ibRitS ieMfIAw ivc ibRitS &Oj dw ifptI jrnYl bxw id`qw igAw sI[

aus ny 1845-46 ivc lwhOr drbwr (is`K &OjW) nwl hoeIAW lVweIAW (&IrozSwh 21.12. 1845, b`dovwl 21.1.1846 Aqy AlIvwl 28.1. 1846) ivc vI ih`sw ilAw sI[ AlIvwl dI ij`q mgroN aus nUM 1847 ivc aus nUM ‘bYr`nY~t Aw& AlIvwl’ dw i^qwb id`qw igAw Aqy kyp Aw& gu`f hop (swaUQ A&rIkw) dw gvrnr jnrl vI bxw id`qw igAw[ auh iek qgVw nwzm sI qy aus ny bhuq s^qI nwl swaUQ A&rIkw dw inzwm clwieAw[ aus dI dyx nUM ieiqhws ivc Amr krn vwsqy do ngrW dw nW aus dy nW ’qy r`iKAw igAw[ swaUQ A&rIkw dy do ngrW ‘AlIvwl’ Aqy ‘hYnrI simQ’ dy nW aus nUM mwx dyx vwsqy r`Ky gey sn (AlIvwl dI 28 jnvrI 1846 dI lVweI ij`qx kwrn aus nUM bYr`nY~t Aw& AlIvwl’ dw i^qwb imilAw sI)[ aus ny AwpxI aumr dw Aw^rI smW lMfn ivc ibqwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

soBw isMG klwkwr

soBw isMG (29.1.1901-22.8.1986) dw jnm s. dyvw isMG dy Gr hrgoibMdpur izlHw gurdwspr ivc hoieAw sI)[ soBw isMG ny Awpxw jIvn AMgryzI &Oj ivc Swiml ho ky SurU kIqw sI[ nOkrI dorwn auh ierwk ivc qweInwq irhw sI[ 1923 ivc aus ny nOkrI C`f id`qI[ aus nUM bcpn qoN hI mUrqIAW bxwaux dw SOk sI, ies kr ky aus ny AMimRqsr Aw ky Awpxw stUfIE KolH ilAw[ kuJ icr auh lwhOr Aqy id`lI ivc irhw, pr 1949 ivc auh AMDrytw (kWgVw) jw ky rihx lg ipAw[ soBw isMG ny Awpxy jIvn ivc bhuq swrIAW ^UbsUrq qsvIrW bxweIAW ijnHW ivcoN muK kWgVy dI lwVI, Swh jhwn, sohxI mhIvwl qy hIr rWJw dIAW sn[ ies qoN ielwvw aus ny buqswzI vI kIqI qy fw. mihMdr isMG rMDwvw qy ipRQvI rwj kpUr dy isrW dy buq vI bxwey[ soBw isMG nUM keI AYvwrf vI id`qy gey sn ijnHW ivc 1974 dw pMjwb srkwr dw klwkwr vjo, 1983 ivc Bwrq srkwr dw pdmSRI qy pMjwbI XUnIvristI vloN fI.ilt dI AwnryrI ifgrI Awid vI Swiml sn aus au~qy do fwkUmYNtrIAW vI bxweIAW geIAW sn[ 2001 ivc Bwrq srkwr ny aus dI Xwd ivc iek fwk itkt vI jwrI kIqI sI[

soBw isMG dw is`K qvwrI^ ivc vI izkr Avygw[ aus ny 1969 ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI kwlpink qsvIr iqAwr kIqI sI (ijs dy ichry dw mwfl soBw isMG ^ud Awp sI qy aus dw DV iek swD vrgw bxwieAw igAw sI)[ aus dI ies qsvIr ny is`KW ivc buq prsqI dw bhuq pRswr kIqw[ mgroN aus ny gurdwspur dy iek swD Bwg isMG nUM mwfl bxw ky gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb dIAW nklI qsvIrW vI bxweIAW[ ienHW swrIAW ny ‘Sbd gurU’ dy is`K &sl&y nUM bhuq s`t mwrI[ ipRMsIpl swihb isMG ny 1971 ivc Aqy fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr ny 1993 ivc ienHW qsvIrW dy i^lw& SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI koloN mqy pws krvwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI pr koeI nqIjw nw inkilAw[ A^Ir 2016 ivc ‘nwnk Swh PkIr’ nW dI is`K-ivroDI i&lm mgroN ies mUrqI pUjw dy i^lw& lihr zrUr c`lI pr ies dw Asr isr& 10% is`KW ’qy hI hoieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

soBw isMG kn`eIAw

ATwrHvIN sdI ivc pMjwb ivcoN muZlW dw s&wieAw kr ky hkUmq sMBwlx vwlIAW imslW ivc iek kn`eIAw imsl vI sI[soBw isMG ies dw iek Aihm AwgU sI[ soBw isMG lwhOr izlHy ivc ipMf kwnHw (lwhOr qoN 20 iklomItr dUr, hux grytr lwhOr dw ih`sw hY) dw sI; ies kr ky ies imsl dw nW aus dy ipMf dy nW ’qy r`iKAw igAw[ aus dy jIvn bwry bhuq vyrvw qW nhIN imldw pr eynw zrUr pqw lgdw hY ik 1761 ivc lwhOr ’qy hmlw kr ky ies dy sUbydwr nUM Bjwaux vwly iqMn jrnYlW ivc auh vI sI[ &rvrI 1764 ivc aus ny lwhor Aqy mulqwn ivcly rsqy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw Aqy lwhOr dy Swh AwlmI gyt ’qy nwkw lw ky cuMgI vsUlxI SurU kr id`qI[ A^Ir lwhOr dy sUbydwr kwblI m`l nUM aus dI srdwrI kbUl krnI peI qy ieMj iek qrHW nwl ies ielwky ’qy aus dI hkUmq kwiem ho geI[

10 AprYl 1765 dy srb`q Kwlsw iek`T ivc ieh gurmqw vI kIqw igAw ik lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jwvy[ ies iek`T ivc j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, jY isMG knHeIAw, soBw isMG knHeIAw qoN ielwvw pMj BMgI jrnYl (g`ujr isMG, lihxw isMG, hrI isMG, JMfw isMG, gMfw isMG) vI hwizr sn[ ienHW ny gurmqw kIqw ik lwhOr ’qy iek dm kbzw kr ilAw jwvy[ is`K jrnYlW nUM ieh vI ^br imlI ik Aihmd Swh v`loN lwhOr ivc lwieAw sUbydwr kwbulI m`l &Oj ivc do hzwr fogirAW nUM BrqI krn vwsqy jMmU igAw hoieAw hY qy aus dy ip`Cy aus dw BqIjw b^SI AmIr isMh iklHy dI ih&wzq kr irhw hY[ is`K &OjW ny ies vDIAw mOky nUM KuMJwauxw TIk nw smiJAw Aqy j`sw isMG, lihxw isMG, gu`jr isMG qy hor jrnYlW dI AgvweI ivc lwhOr v`l cl pey[ is`K &OjW dI igxqI isr& do hzwr sI[ is`K &OjW dI mdd imhr sulqwn, Zulwm rsUl, ASr& cMnU qy bkr ArweIN ny vI kIqI qy ieh swry 16 meI 1675 dy idn qU&wn dI qyzI nwl Sihr ivc dwi^l ho gey[ idn cVHidAW hI jd ies dI ^br AmIr isMh nUM imlI qW aus ny iklHy dI kMD qoN qop dy kuJ goly brswxy SurU kr id`qy[ auDr qwrw isMG mujMg ny isr& 25 is`K ispwhIAW nUM nwl lY ky AmIr isMh dy &OjIAW dw mukwblw kIqw qy QoVHy ijhy smyN ivc hI aunHW ’qy kwbU pw ilAw[ iek somy muqwibk gu`jr isMG BMgI 50 swQIAW nUM nwl lY ky iek nwly rwhIN iklHy ivc dwi^l hoieAw qy iPr lihxw isMG vI aus kol pu`j igAw[

lwhOr iklHy ’qy purI qrHW kbzw hox mgroN d`KxI ielwkw, inAwz byZ qk, soBw

isMG kol sI; kwblI m`l dI hvylI gu`jr isMG kol sI qy iklHy dw AMdrUn lihxw isMG kol sI[ jd Sihr ivc ieh ^br lokW qk pu`jI qW auh bVy ^uS hoey ikauN ik swry lok kwbulI m`l dIAW izAwdqIAW qoN duKI sn[ lokW ny is`KW nUM iml ky AwpxI ^uSI dw iezhwr kIqw qy iek dUjy nUM mubwrkW vI id`qIAW[ lok ^uSI ivc Sihr ivc ieM\ GuMm rhy sn ijvyN koeI pMCI ipMjry iv`coN Awzwd ho igAw hovy[ Sihr dy isrkrdw lokW ny Kwlsw drbwr ivc hwizr ho ky is`KW dI hkUmq ƒ kbUl kr ilAw[

iek idn lokW ny kuJ is`KW nUM Sihr ivc lu`t mwr kridAW vyiKAw[ ies ’qy Sihr dy kuJ moihqbr S^s iek`Ty ho ky BMgI isrdwrW kol gey[ ienHW ivc s`jx seIAd mIr, n`QU Swh, hwi&z kwdr b^S, mIAW muhMmd AwiSk, cODrI rUpw, lwlw ibSn isMh qy mhwrwj isMh vI sn[ ienHW ny isrdwrW nUM Arz kIqI ik ieh ngrI gurU rwmdws swihb dI (aunHW dw jnm AsQwn) hY qy ies dI lu`t-mwr nhIN hoxI cwhIdI[ ieh sux ky dohW BMgI isrdwrW ny Sihr dy drvwzy bMd krvw id`qy Aqy muinAwdI krvw id`qI ik ijhVw koeI vI lu`t-mwr krygw aus nUM s^q szw id`qI jwvygI[ ienHW dohW ny iek hor kmwl ieh vI kIqI ik auh Awp h`QW ivc sotIAW PV ky Sihr dy bwzwrW ivc inkly qW jo sB nUM kMn ho jwx[ aunHW ny soBw isMG nUM vI pYZwm ByijAw ik auh vI Sihr dy qIjy ih`sy dw nwzm hY aus nUM vI nwl Awauxw cwhIdw hY[ ies ’qy auh vI aunHW dy nwl Aw rilAw[ ieM\ aunHW ny CyqI hI Sihr ivc Amn Amwn kwiem kr id`qw[

dsMbr 1766 ivc jd Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny iPr hmlw kIqw qW auh Sihr ^wlI kr ky cly gey qy jd meI ivc vwips clw igAw qW aunHW ny Aw ky muV inzwm sMBwl ilAw[ ies mgroN soBw isMG dy jIvn bwry kuJ pqw nhIN lgdw, Aijhw lgdw hY ik aus dI mOq mgroN BMgI imsl ny lwhOr ’qy mukMml kbzw kr ilAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

soBw isMG, sr

sr soBw isMG (1890 – 18.4.1978) dw jnm s. sujwn isMG dy Gr ipMf hfwlI (^uSwb, izlHw Swhpur, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw ipqw iemwrqW, sVkW Aqy pul bxwaux dI TykydwrI dw kMm krdw sI; ies kr ky skUl dI pVHweI ^qm krn mgroN auh vI iesy DMDy ivc Swiml ho igAw[ 1911 ivc Bwrq dy vwiesrwie lwrf hwrifMg ny brqwnvI ieMfIAw dI rwjDwnI klkqw (hux kolkwqw) qoN id`lI ilAwaux dw AYlwn kIqw[ ies sbMD ivc ieMglYNf dy bwdSwh jwrj pMjm dw dsMbr 1911 ivc id`lI ivc drbwr lwaux vI lwieAw igAw[ ies mOky qy bwdSwh Aqy rwxI ny nvIN id`lI dw nINh p`Qr vI r`iKAw[ mgroN ieh nINh p`Qr au~QoN htw ky 11 iklomItr dUr rwiesInw Aqy mwlcw ipMf vwlI mOjUdw jgHw ’qy ilAw ky lwieAw igAw sI (ieh swrI jgh BweI lKI rwey vxjwrw dI sI ijs ’qy AMgryzI hkUmq ny D`ky nwl kbzw kr ilAw sI)[ ies dorwn pihlI sMswr jMg SurU ho geI[ jMg ^qm hox mgroN1919 ivc nvIN rwjDwnI vwsqy iemwrqW bxnIAW SurU hoeIAW[ swaUQ blwk (srkwr dy d&qr) Aqy ieMfIAw gyt bxwaux dw Tykw soBw isMG Aqy aus dy ipqw kol sI[ aus ny vwiesrwie dy mhl (hux rwStrpqI Bvn), knwt plys, bVodw hwaUs, Awl ieMfIAw ryfIE dI iemwrq, nYSnl imaUizAm, idAwl isMG kwlj, sujwn isMG pwrk (nyVy ^wn mwrkIt) Awid dIAW iemwrqW auswrn ivc vI ih`sw pwieAw sI[ soBw isMG nvIN id`lI imaUNspl kONsl dw pihlw pRDwn vI sI[ aus nUM AMgryzI srkwr ny ‘E.bI.eI.’ (Awrfr Aw& ibRitS AYmpwier) Aqy ‘sr’ dy AYvwrf id`qy sn[ aus ny bhuq swry smwj BlweI dy kMmW ivc vI bhuq ih`sw pwieAw sI[

soBw isMG dy cwr pu`qr (BgvMq isMG, lyKk ^uSvMq isMG, myjr gurb^S isMG qy dljIq isMG) qy iek bytI (mihMdr kOr) sn[ aus ny 1919 qoN mgroN dw AwpxI aumr dw bhuqw ih`sw id`lI ivc hI ibqwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

soFI

KqrIAW dI iek zwq[ „bicqr nwtk‟ dy lyKk (ies dy lyKk gurU goibMd isMG nhIN hn) ny soFIAW dy ipCokV nUM imQhws bxw ky imQhwsk dyvqy rwm dy pu`qr lv dw vMS bxw id`qw hY[ KqrIAW nUM muK qor ‟qy cwr gru`pW ivc vMifAw jwdw hY (bwrHW Gr, bvMjwhI, srIn Aqy KUKrYn)[ soFI KqrIAW nUM srInW ivc igixAw jWdw hY[ KqrIAW dw sB qoN purwxw izkr Swied Abul &zl dI AweIny AkbrI (1590) ivc AwauNdw hY (vyrvy vwsqy vyKo: KqrI)[ BweI gurdws bhuq swrIAW KqrI zwqW dw izkr krdy hn, ienHW ivc bwrw Gry, bvMjwhI, KUKrYnW qy srInW dw izkr hY: “ikqVy KqRI bwrhI, kyqiVAW hI bvMjwhI[ pwvwDy pwcwiDAw, PlIAw KoKrwiexu AvgwhI[ kyqiVAw cauVoqrI, kyqiVAw syrIn ivlwhI” (vwr 8, pauVI 9)[ gurU swihbwn ivcoN gurU nwnk swihb bydI KqrI, gurU AMgd swihb qryhn KqrI, gurU Amr dws B`lw KqrI Aq gurU rwmdws (qy Agly swry Cy gurU) soFI KqrI kul ivcoN sn (BweI gurdws gurUAW dy soFI kul ivcoN hox dw izkr iqMn QW krdy hn:“bYTw soFI pwiqswhu, rwmdws siqgurU khwvY”: vwr 1, pauVI 47; “c`lI pIVI soFIAw, rUpu idKwvix vwro vwrI”… “kiljuig pIVI soFIAW, inhcl nIv auswir KlwrI”: BweI gurdws, vwr 1, pauVI 48)[ soFI kul nwl sbMDq is`KW ivcoN gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dy kSmIr dy iek BweI mwDo dws dw izkr BweI gurdws ny kIqw hY: mwDo soFI kwsmIr, gur isKI dI cwl clweI (vwr 11, pauVI 26).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sohn cMd prmwr

BweI sohn cMd (BweI mnI isMG dw Brw) BweI mweI dws dw pu`qr, ShId BweI b`lU dw poqw Aqy BweI mUly dw pVpoqw sI[ auh prmwr goq dy rwjpUqW dy prvwr ivcoN sI[ auh ipMf AlIpur (izlHw muz`&rgVH, pwiksqwn) dw vsnIk sI[ ieh pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN is`K pMQ nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny &Oj bxweI qW sohn cMd vI ies ivc Swiml hoieAw[ sohn cMd kw&I smyN qoN gurU jI kol AnMdpur swihb ivc rih irhw sI[

mwrc 1691 ivc jdoN lwhOr dy sUbydwr ny phwVI rwijAW qoN qwvwn (tYks) vsUlx vwsqy Ail& ^wn dI AgvweI ivc &Oj Byj id`qI qW iblwspur dy rwjy BIm cMd ny gurU jI qoN mdd mMgI[ gurU jI ^ud &OjW ƒ lY ky ndOx ksby ivc pu`jy[ ie`Qy dirAw ibAws dy kMFy ’qy hmlwvr muZl &OjW dI phwVI qy is`K &OjW ivckwr bVI zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc is`KW ny idlo-jwn qoN ih`sw ilAw Aqy hmlwvrW ƒ n`kIN cny cbwey[ ies lVweI ivc ^Ub lohw KVikAw[

sohn cMd qIr-AMdwzI qy qlvwr KVkwaux ’c bVw mwihr sI[ aus ny pihlW qIrW nwl qy Pyr Awhmo-swhmxy h`Qo-h`QI lVweI kIqI[ A^Ir Ail& ^wn bhuq swrw nukswn krvw ky vwips muV igAw[ ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry muZl ispwhI mwry gey qy keI phwVIey vI jwn qoN h`Q Do bYTy[ is`K &OjW ivcoN hornW qoN ielwvw sohn cMd ny vI ShIdI hwisl kIqI[ ieh lVweI 20 mwrc 1691 dy idn hoeI sI[ ies ShIdI sbMDI B`t vhIAW ivc ieh iliKAw imldw hY: “sohn cMd bytw mweI dws kw, poqw b`lU kw pVpoqw mUly kw….puAwr, jlwnw, swl sqrW sY sYNqwlIs, cyq pRivSty bweIs, gurUvwr ky idhuM, gur kw bcn pwie, ndwaux ky mlHwn, swmHy, mwQy jUJ kr mrw [ gYloN mUl cMd bytw rGUpiq rwie kw inJr goqr kMboj, vwsI Kymkrn, prgnw ksUr, mwrw gXw[” (B`t vhI mulqwn isMDI, Kwqw puAwr blauNqo kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sohx isMG Bknw

sohx isMG Bknw (4.1.1870-21.12.1968), pu`qr BweI krm isMG dw jnm Awpxy nwnky ipMf Kuqrwie Kurd ivc hoieAw sI[ auh Ajy iek swl dw hI sI ik ipqw dI moq ho geI[ aus dI muFlI pVHweI dwdky ipMf Bknw ivc hI hoeI[ aus ny pMjwbI qoN ielwvw aurdU qy &wrsI dI mhwrq vI hwisl kIqI[ ds swl dI aumr ivc aus dw ivAwh lwhOr dy iek zmINdwr ^uShwl isMG dI bytI ibSn kOr nwl ho igAw[ sohx isMG BwvyN cMgI zmIn dw mwilk sI pr aus ny jvwnI ivc ^Ub A`XwSI kIqI ijs dOrwn byihswb ^ricAW kr ky aus ny AwpxI mwlI hwlq ^rwb kr leI[ ies hwlq ny aus nUM JMJoiVAw Aqy aus ny ivdyS jwx dw ierwdw kr ilAw[ ApRYl 1909 ivc auh AmrIkw dy ngr sIeytl phuMc igAw[ au~Qy aus ny l`kV dI iek &YktrI ivc nOkrI SurU kr leI Aqy Agly cwr swl ^Ub imhnq nwl kMm kIqw[ aunHW idnW ivc AmrIkw qy knyfw ivc rMgdwr lokW nwl bhuq ivqkrw kIqw jWdw sI[ ies ny pMjwbIAW Aqy hor BwrqIAW ivc ros pYdw kIqw[ ies hwlq ivc 14 ApRYl 1913 dy idn iek iek`T hoieAw ijs ivc ihMdI AYsosIeySn dy nW hyT iek pwrtI bxweI geI (ijs nUM mgroN Zdr pwrtI dw nW id`qw igAw)[ aus nUM ies dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ienHW idnW ivc hI jd knyfw dI gorI hkUmq ny vYnkUvr (knyfw) ivc kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy musw&rW nwl D`kw kIqw qy aunHW nUM vwips muVnw ipAw qW ies jhwz dy Xokohwmw pu`jxw ’qy ies ny bhuq swry hiQAwr ies jhwz ivc rKvw id`qy (jo mgroN muswi&rW ny PVy jwx dy fr qoN smuMdr ivc su`t id`qy sn)[ sMn 1914 ivc jd Zdr pwrtI dy AwgUAW ny pMjwb jw ky AMgryzI srkwr dy i^lw& hiQAwrbMd Gol krn dw &Yslw kIqw qW auh vI pMjwb Aw igAw[ auh 13 AkqUbr 1914 dy idn klk`qw pu`jw ij`Qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky mulqwn jylH Byj id`qw igAw[ ies mgroN aus nUM lwhOr jylH ilAWdw igAw ij`Qy aus dy (qy aus dy swQIAW) au~qy ‘pihlw lwhor swizS kys’ clwieAw igAw qy aus nUM 13 sqMbr 1915 dy idn mOq dI szw id`qI geI, jo mgroN aumr kYd ivc bdl id`qI geI[ aus nUM 10 dsMbr 1915 dy idn AMfymwn sYlUlr jylH ivc iljwieAw igAw[ auQy kYdIAW nwl bhuq mwVw slUk huMdw sI ijs kr ky aus ny keI vwr Bu`K hVqwl kIqI[ auh pMj swl ies jylH ivc irhw[ 1921 ivc aus nUM koieMbytUr qy iPr Xrvdw jylH ivc qbdIl kr id`qw igAw[ ie`Qy vI aus ny is`K kydIAW vwsqy kCihrw Aqy dsqwr dy h`k vwsqy Bu`K hVqwl kIqI[ 1927 ivc aus nUM lwhOr jylH Byj id`qw igAw[ie`Qy aus ny jUn 1928 ivc AKoqI nIvIN zwq dy lokW nwl AKOqI au~cIAW zwqW nwloN vKrw slUk krn dy i^lw& Bu`K hVqwl kIqI[ julweI 1930 ivc aus nUM irhw kIqw igAw[

irhweI mgroN vI sohx isMG Bknw ny isAwsI qy smwijk kwrvweIAW ivc ih`sw lYxw jwrI r`iKAw[ 1935 ivc jd AkwlI AwgUAW ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ’qy kbzy vwsqy JgVy SurU hoey qW aus nUM Aqy bwbw ivswKw isMG ddyhr nUM swls cux ky aunHW ivc smJOqw krvwieAw igAw[ 1937 ivc ZdrI AwgUAW ny ‘dyS Bgq cox borf’ bxw ky pMjwb AsYNblI dIAW nON sItW ’qy coxW lVIAW ijnHW ivcoN auh A`T sItW ’qy kwmXwb hoey[ ies dorwn ‘BwrqI ikswn sBw’ vI bxweI geI ijs dw aus nUM pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ dUjI sMswr jMg dOrwn aus nUM igR&qwr kIqw igAw qy qkrIbn iqMn swl idaulI kYNp (rwijsQwn) ivc kYd kIqw igAw[ aus nUM 1943 ivc irhw kIqw igAw[ 31 mwrc 1948 dy idn aus nUM iPr igR&qwr kIqw igAw, pr 8 meI nUM hI irhw kr id`qw igAw[ 1955 ivc aus dIAW koiSSW nwl ‘dyS Bgq Xwdgwr kmytI’ bxweI geI ijs ny jlMDr ivc Zdr pwrtI dI Xwdgwr bxwaux dw kMm SurU kIqw[ hux vfyrI aumr hox kr ky auh ipMf ivc hI rihx lg ipAw sI qy Aw^rI aumr au~Qy hI ibqweI[ kuJ icr bImwr rihx mgroN auh cVHweI kr igAw[ aus ny AwpxI sÍY-jIvnI vI ilKI sI ijs ivc aus ny Zdr pwrtI bwry bhuq hYrwnkuMn q`Q pyS kIqy hn; aus ny lwlw hridAwl nUM cMgI qrHW bynkwb kIqw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sohx isMG jlwlwausmwn

sohx isMG (1900-1994) dw jnm BweI jvwhr isMG dy Gr izlHw AMimRqsr dy ipMf jlwlausmwn ivc hoieAw sI[ ATwrW swl dI aumr ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw pr do swl mgroN hI nOkrI C`f ky ipMf prq AwieAw[ 1920 ivc jd gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI qW auh vI ies ivc ih`sw lYx lg ipAw[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI jYqo morcw dOrwn hoeI sI[ 1926 ivc auh irhw hoieAw qy iesy swl auh AkwlI jQw ibAws dw jQydwr cuixAw igAw[ 1929 ivc ikswn morcy dOrwn aus nUM igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ 1930 ivc auh bwbw bkwlw gurduAwrw kmytI dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ iesy smyN hI aus nuM isvlnw&urmwnI lihr dorwn igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ 1932 ivc aus nUM iPr igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ 1933 ivc AkwlI jQw izlHw AMimRqsr dw jQydwr cuixAw igAw[ 1938 ivc aus nUM ikswn morcy dorwn igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ iesy swl auh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI Aqy qrnqwrn gurduAwrw kmytI dohW dw mYNbr Aqy ies dy nwl hI Aqy qrnqwrn gurduAwrw kmytI dw pRDwn vI cuixAw igAw[ 1941 ivc aus nUM iek isAwsI kql dy sbMD ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ 1942 ivc auh ‘Bwrq C`fo’ morcy ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw[ 1952 ivc auh AYm.AYl. ey. cuixAw igAw[ 1955 Aqy 1960 ivc aus ny pMjwbI sUbw morcw dI mu^wl&q kIqI[ auh hmySw AkwlI dl dw mu^wil& Aqy kWgrs pwrtI dw v&wdwr irhw[

1969 ivc aus dy iek purwxy swQI drSn isMG PyrUmwn ny cMfIgVH pMjwb nUM idvwaux vwsqy mrn vrq r`K ky AwpxI jwn dy id`qI, pr sohx isMG iPr vI kWgrs dw v&wdwr irhw, pr aus ny drSn isMG PyrUmwn dy nW ’qy reIAw ivc iek kwlj bxw id`qw[ 1972 ivc aus nUM kWgrs srkwr ivc vzIr bxwieAw igAw[ 1977 ivc auh cox hwr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 sohx isMG joS

sohx isMG joS (22.9.1898 – 29.7.1982) dw jnm BweI lwl isMG dy Gr ipMf cyqnpurw (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny bwrHvIN Aqy igAwnI dy iemiqhwn pws kIqy[ 1920 ivc jd gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI qW auh vI ies ivc ih`sw lYx lg ipAw[ 1922 ivc auh AkwlI dl dw sk`qr bxwieAw igAw[ ies lihr dOrwn aus nUM keI vwr igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ 13 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn jd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl nUM ZYr-kwnUMnI krwr id`qw igAw qW aus nUM qy hor swry muKI AwgUAW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ auh iqMn swl lwhOr jylH ivc irhw[ 1926 ivc irhweI mgroN auh kimaUnist pwrtI nwl juV igAw[ 1929 ivc aus nUM myrT swijS kys ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw qy pMj swl kYd dI szw suxweI geI[ 1937 ivc auh kWgrs pwrtI dy aumIdvwr vjoN pMjwb AsYNblI ivc AYm.AYl.ey. cuixAw igAw[ dUjI sMswr jMg ivc aus nUM igR&qwr kIqw igAw qy auh do swl jylH ivc irhw[ 1948 ivc jd kimaUinst pwrtI ’qy pwbMdI lweI geI sI qW aus nUM muV nUM igR&qwr kIqw igAw[

sohx isMG joS kuJ smW ‘ikrqI’ Aqy ‘jMg-ie-AwzwdI’ irswilAW dw AYfItr vI irhw[ 1972 ivc aus ny gurduAwrw suDwr lihr (1920-1926) bwry ‘AkwlI moricAW dw ieiqhws’ ikqwb ilKI qy ies nUM Dwrimk dI bjwey ikrswnI lihr swibq krn dI koiSS kIqI (auN\ ieh ikqwb iek kImqI ieiqhwsk somw hY)[ ies qoN ielwvw aus ny do hor ieiqhwsk ikqwbW ‘kwmwgwtw mwrU dw duKWq’, Zdr pwrtI dw ieiqhws’, iek s&rnwmw ‘myrI rUs Xwqrw ‘qy AwpxI svY jIvnI ‘iek ienklwb – iek jIvn’ vI ilKI[ aus ny Awpxw AMqlw smW ipMf cyqnpurw ivc hI ibqwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sohx isMG sIql

sohx isMG sIql (7.8.1909-23.9.1998) dw jnm s. ^uShwl isMG dy Gr ipMf kwdIivMf (qihsIl Aqy izlHw ksUr) ivc hoieAw sI[ BwvyN aus nUM pVHn dw SOk pihlW qoN hI sI, pr auh dsvIN jmwq dw iemiqhwn 21 swl dI aumr ivc hI dy sikAw sI[ ie mgroN aus ny ‘igAwnI’ dw iemiqhwn pws kIqw, ijs nwl aus dy nW nwl igAwnI Sbd juV igAw[ aus nUM bcpn qoN hI kivqw ilKx dw SOk sI Aqy aus dI kivqwvW (qy kuJ khwxIAW vI) mwisk rswilAW ivc Cp geIAW sn[ 1925 ivc aus ny iek FwFI j`Qw bxw ilAw[ ikauN ik aus ny ieiqhws dI bhuq pVHweI kIqI sI ies kr ky aus dw j`Qw lokW ivc bhuq hrmn ipAwrw ho igAw[

sohx isMG ny bhuq kivqw dIAW swrIAW ikqwbW vI ilKIAW, ijvyN sIql ikrxW, sIql sunyhy, sIql hMJU, sIql hulwry, sIql qWGW, kysrI dup`tw, jdoN mYN gIq ilKdw hW Awid[ aus ny bhuq swry nwvl vI ilKy ijnHW ivcoN hyT ilKy bhuq mShUr hn: qUqW vwlw KUh, jug bdl igAw, jMg jW Amn, eIcoigl nihr qk[ aus ny kuJ ieiqhwsk ikqwbW (is`K rwj ikvyN bixAw, is`K rwj ikvyN igAw, bMdw isMG bhwdr Awid), myry ieiqhwsk lYkcr Aqy pMj ijldW ivc ieiqhwskwrI iksm dI rcnw ‘is`K ieiqhws dy somy’ vI pRkwiSq kIqIAW[ aus ny AwpxI jIvn khwxI ‘vyKI mwxI dunIAw’ vI pRkwiSq kIqI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sohIAw, cMdRhVw

gurU swihbwn dy smyN dIAW pRis`D vwrW ivcoN nO vwrW dw izkr gurU gRMQ swihb ivc AweIAW vwrW dy isr-lyKW ivc imldw hY[ aunHW ivcoN iek mwJ dI vwr hY, ijs dy iek isrlyK ivc iliKAw hY: ‘mlk murId qQw cMdRhVw sohIAw kI DunI gwvxI’[ ies vwr dI khwxI muqwibk Akbr dy drbwr ivc murId ^wn qy cMdRhVw nW dy do rwjpUq srdwr sn: murId ^wn (ijs dI zwq mlk sI) qy cMdRhVw (ijs dI zwq sohI sI)[ dohW dI Awpo ivc l`gdI sI[ iek vwrI bwdSwh ny murId ^wn ƒ kwbl dI iek muihMm qy G`ilAw, aus ny vYrI ƒ ij`q qW ilAw, pr rwj dw ieMqzwm sMBwlx ivc kuJ dyr lg geI[ ies ’qy cMdRhVw ny Akbr kol cuZlI KwDI ik murId ^wn bwZI ho bYTw hY[ so, Akbr ny ies nUM &Oj dy ky cMdRhVw sohI dy mgr G`ilAw[ dohW ivc jMg hoeI Aqy dovy Awps ivc lV ky mwry gey[ FwfIAW ny ies jMg dI vwr ilKI, jo dys ivc bhuq pRclq hoeI[ gurU swihb ny mwJ dI vwr dy SurU ivc isrlyK dy ky hdwieq kIqI ik ieh vwr aus DunI ivc gwauxI hY ijs ivc ‘mlk murId qQw cMdRhVw sohIAw’ vwlI vwr gweI jWdI sI[ ieh irvwieq hY ik ienHW sohIAw (jo ik sohI rwjpUq sn) ivcoN hI sohI j`t inkly hn. hor vyKo: sohI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

somw, BweI

BweI somw JMg ngr (p`CmI pMjwb) dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ ijnHW imsqrIAW ny drbwr swihb dI auswrI ivc ih`sw pwieAw sI auh aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ iek khwxI muqwibk iek vwr iek ZrIb bMdw gurU jI kol AwieAw qy kuJ mdd krn vwsqy ikhw[ aus vyly gurU jI ko koeI pYsw nhIN sI[ BweI somw, jo aunHW dy kol bYTw sI, kol do pYsy sn, jo aus ny gurU jI nUM Byt kIqy qW jo auh aus ZrIb nUM dy dyx[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny ikhw ik ‘BweI somw swfw Swh hY[’ ies mgroN Swh l&z BweI somw dy nW nwl juV igAw qy puSq dr puSq aus dy ^wndwn nwl juiVAw irhw[ ies prvwr dy swry jixAW ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy vyly KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI sI[ 1947 qoN pihlW ies prvwr dy jWnSIn fyrw iesmweIl ^wn, mIAWvwlI qy bMnU dy ielwky ivc rihMdy rhy sn, pr mgroN pitAwlw qy luiDAwxw Awid ivc Aw vsy sn[ BwvyN gurU jI v`loN ZrIb nUM pYsy nw dy skx dI khwxI s`cI nhIN pr ieh BweI somw prvwr dI gurU jI vwsqy SrDw dI swKI zrUr hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sUjw

BweI sUjw Dvn qy mUlw Dvn gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN ivc hoey sn[ aunHW dw izkr BweI gurdws AwpxIAW vwrW ivc krdy hn: “mUlw sUjw Dwvxy, cdI cauJV syv kmweI” (vwr 11, pauVI 19)[ inrmlw sUrq isMG (ijs ny BweI mnI isMG dy nW ‟qy „is`KW dI Bgqmwlw‟ ilKI sI) ny aus bwry iek khwxI ieMj ibAwn kIqI hY ik auh iek vwr sweIN dws BMfwrI, bwlw BMfwrI, rwm dws BMfwrI, mUlw Dvn qy cMd cauJV* Awid nwl gurU Arjn swihb kol igAw sI Aqy aunHW qoN cMgy qy mwVy kMmW dw Pl bwry pu`iCAw sI qW gurU jI ny aus nUM d`isAw sI ik hr cMgy mwVy kMm dw Pl Bugqxw pYNdw hY[ (*sUrq isMG ny ieh swry nW BweI gurdws dI vwr ivcoN ley sn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

subyg isMG jMBr

jMBr ipMf dw iek is`K jo 1730ivAW qy 1740ivAW ivc TykydwrI dw kMm krdw sI[ Tykydwr hox kr ky subyg isMG dy lwhOr dy sUbydwr Aqy hor drbwrIAW nwl suKwvyN sbMD sn[ 1733 ivc jd zkrIAw ^wn ny is`KW nwl sbMD suKwvyN bxwaux dw ierwdw kIqw qW aus ny ies nUM hI jwgIr dI pySkS dy ky gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) ByijAw sI; ij`Qy auh aunHW nUM 29 mwrc 1733 dy idn imilAw sI[ mgroN lKpq rwey dy zwlmwnw hukm hyT aus nUM qy aus dy pu`qr Swhbwz isMG nUM, 10 mwrc 1746 dy idn crKVI ’qy cwVH ky, aus dw ijsm noc-noc ky, ShId kIqw igAw sI. hor vyKo: Swhbwz isMG.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

subyg isMG jnrl

jnrl subyg isMG (1925 – 6.61984) dw jnm s Bgvwn isMG dy Gr mwqw pRIqm kOr dI ku`K qoN ipMf iKAwl klW (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr Aqy srkwrI kwlj lwhOr qoN pVHweI kIqI Aqy 1944 ivc 19 swl dI aumr ivc &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ auh ‘gVHvwl rweI&lz’ ivc sYkMf lY&tInYNt vjoN Swiml hoieAw[ iek &OjI vjoN aus ny 1945 ivc brmw Aqy isMGwpur ivc syvw nBweI[ Bwrq dI AwzwdI mgroN auh ‘50vIN pYrwSUt brgyf’ ivc Swiml hoieAw Aqy 1959 qk ies syvw ’qy irhw[ ies mgroN auh ‘11 gorKw rweI&lz’ dI qIjI btwlIAn ivc irhw[ 1971 dI bMglw dyS dI jMg ivc aus ny kmwl dw rol Adw kIqw, pr aus nUM &zUl ijhy doS lw ky &Oj qoN irtwier kr id`qw igAw[

1982 ivc jd pMjwb ivc ‘DrmXu`D morcw’ SurU hoieAw qW aus ny AwpxIAW syvwvW iBMfrW-mihqw jQw dy igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw nUM sONp id`qIAW qy ‘Kwilsqwn’ dI jMg dw ih`sw bx igAw[ aunHW idnW ivc BwrqI &Oj v`loN drbwr swihb ’qy hmly dI iqAwrI kIqI jw rhI sI[ ies ’qy aus ny svw ku sO is`K nOjvwnW nUM BwrqI &Oj dw mukwblw krn vwsqy iqAwr kIqw Aqy drbwr swihb dI iek iksm dI iklHwbMdI kr leI[ 4 jUn 1984 dy idn BwrqI &Oj ny drbwr swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies hmly ivc is`KW ny aus dI AgvweI ivc BwrqI &Oj dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw qy aunHW dw bhuq nukswn kIqw[ auh Awp vI 6 jUn dy idn BwrqI &Oj dIAW golIAW dw iSkwr ho ky cVHweI kr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suBwgw (BweI)
1.
gurU nwnk swihb dw iek SrDwlU is`K, ijs dw ipCokV pqw nhIN lgdw.

2.
gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly dw iek AmIr is`K syT suBwgw AroVw, jo cUhxIAW (izlHw lwhOr) dw vwsI sI, ijs dw izkr BweI gurdws ny vI kIqw hY: syT suBwgw cUhxIAhu AwroVy Bwg augvMdw (BweI gurdws, vwr 11, pauVI 23).

3.
ipSwvr dw is`K, jo pMj bhuq kImqI kwbulI GoVy lY ky gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM Bytw krn vwsqy goibMdpur (hux hrgoibMdpur) ivc gurU jI dy drbwr ivc hwzr hoieAw sI[ ies dw izkr isr& sMqoK isMG kvI krdw hY (sMqoK isMG ny Aijhy bhuq swry is`KW bwry iliKAw hY, ijnHW dw iksy hor somy ivc izkr qk nhIN hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suBwS cMdr bos

suBwS cMdr Bos (23.1.1897 – 18.8.1945) dw jnm ktk (aufIsw) ivc iek kwiesQ prvwr dy jwnkI nwQ bos dy Gr hoieAw sI[ auh pRvwr dy cOdW bicAW ivcoN nONvyN QW ‟qy sI[ aus ny skUl dI ividAw ktk ivc pRotYstYNt iesweI skUl qoN hwisl kIqI sI; ies kr ky aus nUM AMgryzI qy auVIAw bolIAW AwauNdIAW sn qy auh bMgwlI bhuq Gt jwxdw sI[ kwlj ivc pVHweI krn dOrwn auh svwmI ivvykwnMd Aqy rwmwikRSn dIAW isiKAwvW vl iKicAw igAw sI[ 1918 ivc bI.ey. krn mgroN auh ieMglYNf clw igAw Aqy kyNbirj dy i&tzivlIAm kwlj ivc dwi^l ho igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny AweI.sI.AYs. dw iemiqhwn id`qw qy cOQy nMbr ‟qy AwieAw[ pr aus ny ivdySI srkwr dI nOkrI krnw mnzUr nw kIqw Aqy 23 ApRYl 1921 dy idn AsqI&w id`qw[ vwips Aw ky aus ny „svrwj‟ nW dw prcw SurU kIqw[ 1923 ivc auh ieMfIAn XUQ kWgrs dw pRDwn Aqy bMgwl styt kWgrs dw sk`qr cuixAw igAw[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI 1925 ivc hoeI sI[ aus nUM brmw dI mWfly jylH ivc r`iKAw igAw sI, ij`Qy aus nUM qpidk ho geI[ 1927 ivc irhw hox mgroN auh kgrs dw jnrl sk`qr bx igAw[ 1929 ivc aus ny gWDI dy „nO AbwdIAq‟ dy mukwbly ivc „svrwj‟ dw nwArw id`qw[ ies ‟qy kWgrs ivc Pu`t pY geI; pr suBwS cμdr bos nyy ies inSwny dw AYlwn kr ky kWgrs dw iek v`fw ih`sw Awpxy nwl rlw ilAw sI[ pμjwb ivc bwbw KVk isμG SryAwm qy mwstr qwrw isμG AμdroN-AμdrIN suBwS cμdr bos nwl rly hoey sn[

1930 ivc aus nuM isvl nw&urmwnI lihr ivc muV igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ irhweI mgroN auh klk`qw dw myAr cuixAw igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny XUrp dw dorw kIqw[ ies dorwn auh ietlI dy musolInI nUM vI imilAw[ ies dorwn aus ny iek ikqwb „ieMfIAn strgl‟ ilKI (ijs ‟qy brqwnvI srkwr ny pwbMdI lw id`qI sI)[ 1936 ivc auh klk`qw vwips pu`jw qW aus nuM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ 1937 dIAW coxW vyly aus nUM irhweI imlI[ suBwS cMdr bos dy mwstr qwrw isMG nwl in`Gy sbMD sn ies kr ky 26 nvμbr 1938 dy idn rwvlipμfI ivc hoeI AkwlI dl dI srb ihμd kwn&rMs ivc suBwS cμdr bos nUM muK mihmwn bxwieAw igAw sI[ 1938 ivc auh Awl ieμfIAw kWgrs dw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ Agly swl dI cox 31 jnvrI 1939 dy idn hoeI[ ies ivc suBwS cμdr bos ny mohn dws gWDI qy jvwhr lwl nihrU dI ihmwieq vwly aumIdvwr p`twBI sIqw rm`ieAw nUM (1286 votW dIAW mukwbly 1495 votW lY ky) 209 votW dy &rk nwl hrwieAw[ suBwS cMdr bos dy dobwrw pRDwn cuxy jwx ‟qy nrm dl dy v`lB BweI ptyl, AcwrIAw ikRplwnI, fwktr rwijμdr pRswd, BUlw BweI dysweI, syT jmnw dws, mOlwnw Azwd Aqy hwry aumIdvwr p`twBI sIqw rm`ieAw ny AsqI&y dy id`qy[ ies dOrwn gWDI qy nihrU DVy dIAW swzSW qoN qMg Aw ky suBwS ny kWgrs qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw Aqy „&wrvrf blw`k‟ nW dI jQybMdI kwiem kr leI[ julweI 1940 ivc AMgryzI srkwr ny aus nUM aus dy Gr ivc hI nzrbMd kr id`qw[ 17 jnvrI 1941 dy idn auh iek pTwn dw Bys bxw ky Gr ivcoN inkl igAw Aqy kwbul, mwsko qy rom huMdw hoieAw auh briln (jrmnI) phuMc igAw, ij`Qy auh 1943 qk irhw[ies mgroN auh isMgwpur clw igAw Aqy Azwd ihMd &Oj nUM muV kwiem kIqw (pihlW ies nUM jnrl mohn isMG ny dsMbr 1941 ivc kwiem kIqw sI qy jnvrI ivc ies dw nW Azwd ihMd &Oj r`iKAw sI)[ ies &Oj ny brqwnvI &Oj nwl t`kr lYxI SurU kr id`qI[ CyqI hI aunHw ny jpwnI &Oj nwl iml ky kuJ ielwky ‟qy kbzw vI kr ilAw[ 4 julweI 1944 dw aus dw brmw ivc id`qw lYkcr BwrqIAW vwsqy iek kOmI nwArw bx igAw “qusIN mYnUM ^Un idE mYN quhwnUM AwzwdI idAWgw”[ dUjI jMg ivc jpwn v`loN hiQAwr su`ty jwx mgroN Azwd ihMd &Oj dw rol vI ^qm ho igAw[jpwn v`loN hiQAwr su`ty jwx dI ^br aus nUM 16 Agsq dy idn imlI sI[ 16 Agsq 1945 dI Swm nUM auh isMgwpur qoN bMgkwk huMdw hoieAw swiegwauN pu`jw[ 17 Agsq dy idn auh iek bMbwr jhwz imqsUibSI ky-AweI 21 ivc hbIbur rihmwn nwl rvwnw hoieAw jo hwdsy dw iSkwr ho igAw ijs ivc aus dI moq ho geI[ aus dw sskwr 20 Agsq dy idn qweIhokU ivc kIqw igAw[ aus vwsqy AMiqm Ardws 14 sqMbr nUM kIqI geI sI[

mgroN kuJ lokW ny ieh pRcwr vI SurU kr id`qw ik suBwS cMdr hwdsy ivcoN bc igAw sI[ ieh vI pRcwr huMdw irhw ik auh rUs dI jylH ivc sI[ ies pRcwr dw fr jvwhr lwl nihrU nUM vI sI[ auh eynw frdw sI ik aus ny keI swl qk srkwr dIAW ^u&IAw eyjMsIAW rwhIN suBwS cMdr dy BYxW BrwvW dI zbrdsq ^u&IAw ingrwnI krvweI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suiB`KI (bIbI)

bIbI suiB`KI iek swidk is`K BweI du`nw isMG qrKwx dI pqnI sI[ auh qy aus dw Grvwlw keI swlW qoN mwqw gujrI Aqy gurU jI dy swihbzwidAW dy nwl rihMdy sn qy aunHW dI dyK-Bwl krdy sn[ auh iek iksm dw gurU pRvwr dw ih`sw hI sn[

13 mwrc 1705 dy idn Ajmyr cMd ny hMfUrI &OjW ƒ nwl lY ky AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ieh lVweI do idn c`lI[ Ajmyr cMd ies vwr Pyr hwr igAw[ ies vkq qk gurU swihb ƒ pqw l`g cukw sI ik Ajmyr cMd ny hMfUr qy hor phwVI rwijAW ƒ nwl imlw ky, sUbw srhMd dI mdd nwl iek v`fy hmly dI iqAwrI kr irhw hY[ ies mOky ’qy iek v`fI qy lMbI jMg hox dy Awswr sn[3 meI 1705 dy idn Ajmyr cMd ny hzwrW &OjW nwl AnMdpur swihb ƒ Gyr ilAw[ gurU swihb ny swry ikilHAW ivc pUrI qkVweI kIqI hoeI sI pr aus vyly AnMdpur swihb ’c Anwj koeI bhuqw nhIN sI[ Ajmyr cMd dIAW &OjW ny cwry pwsy Gyrw pwieAw hoieAw sI[ ies Gyry qoN kuJ hor dUr hMfUrI &OjW, gu`jrW qy rMGVW qy srhMdI &OjW ny morcy sMBwly hoey sn[ hOlI-hOlI isMGW dy lMgr msqwny ho gey[ isMG CoilAW dI rozwnw iek mu`T nwl guzwrw krn l`gy[ ies hwlq ivc kuJ isMG Gbrwaux l`g pey[ auh AnMdpur swihb dw Gyrw qoV ky inklxw cwhuMdy sn[ gurU swihb Ajy kuJ icr rukxw cwhuMdy sn; pr, ienHIN idnIN ^br Aw geI ik CyqI hI srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn dI bhuq v`fI &Oj vI AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw krn dI iqAwrI kr rhI hY[ ies &Oj dw pihlw pVwA ropV ’c 5 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq ƒ hovygw[ bhuqy isMG cwhuMdy sn ik gurU swihb pirvwr sxy AnMdpur swihb qoN cly jwx qy ip`CoN is`K &OjW muZlW qy phwVIAW nwl do h`Q krn[ pr gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik auh is`KW ƒ iek`ilAW C`f ky nhIN jwxgy[ gurU swihb ny &Yslw kIqw ik swry dy swry qkrIbn 500 isMG iek`Ty hI jwxgy[ aunHW bwkI ikilHAW ivcoN vI swry isMGW ƒ bulw ilAw[ aunHW swry is`KW ƒ do ih`isAW ivc vMf id`qw[ iek pwsy gurU swihb Aqy aunHw nwl cwlHI ‘drbwrI’ isMG sn (ienHW ƒ AnMdpur swihb dy ‘cwlHI mukqy’ AwK ky Xwd kIqw jWdw hY); dUjy pwsy mwqw gujrI, cwr swihbzwdy qy bwkI qkrIbn cwr sO s`T isMG sn[ ienHW swirAW ƒ A`goN v`K-v`K ih`isAW ivc vMf id`qw igAw[ cwr sO s`T ivcoN pMjwh isMG BweI audY isMG dy nwl sn, iek sO isMG BweI jIvn isMG rMGryty nwl, iek sO isMG BweI bicqr isMG nwl, 90 isMG mwqw gujrI qy swihbzwidAW dy nwl qy bwkI dy isMG iek v`Kry jQy ivc jwx sn[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq nUM gurU jI ny AnMdgVH Aw ky sB qoN pihlW 90 isMGW dy iek j`Qy dI ih&wzq ivc mwqw gujrI, do Coty swihbzwdy Aqy iek duMnw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI ƒ kIrqpur v`l toirAw[iPr BweI audY isMG dI AgvweI ’c 50 isMGW dw jQw rvwnw kIqw Awp vI ip`Cy tur pey[ ienHW ip`Cy swihbzwdw AjIq isMG qy BweI bu`Fw isMG dw jQw Aw irhw sI[ ienHW ip`Cy BweI jIvn isMG qy sB qoN ip`Cy BweI bicqr isMG dw jQw sI[ gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb qoN kIrqpur swihb huMdy hoey, ipMf J`KIAW dI jUh ’coN lMG ky srsw ndI dy kMFy v`l jwxw sI Aqy eyQoN ndI pwr krnI sI[ gurU swihb ny mwqw jI Aqy in`ky swihbzwidAW ƒ cmkOr v`l Byjxw sI Aqy Awp kotlw inhMg (ropV) v`l jwxw sI[

Ajy gurU swihb kIrqpur lMGy hI sn ik ip`CoN phwVI ny qIrW Aqy golIAW nwl hmlw kr id`qw[ gurU swihb ny BweI audY isMG ƒ SwhI it`bI qy qwienwq kIqw qy aus nwl pMjwh isMG lVn vwsqy id`qy[ aunHW audY isMG ƒ AwiKAw ik swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ƒ AwKxw ik auh au~Qy nw rukx Aqy kotlw inhMg ^wn cly jwx[ ies mgroN Awp ny mwqw gujrI, do Coty swihbzwidAW, du`nw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI nwl srsw ndI ƒ pwr krvwieAw[ ies mgroN ienHW ip`Cy Aw irhw vhIr vI srsw pwr kr igAw[

mwqw gujrI qy do in`ky swihbzwdy, BweI du`nw isMG qy bIbI suiB`KI srsw ndI qoN cl ky is`Dy cmkOr phuMc gey[ gurU jI ny mwqw jI nwl cmkOr ivc iek`Ty hox dw &Yslw kIqw sI[ jd mwqw jI qy do swihbzwidAW cmkOr pu`jy qW auh aus rwq gurU jI dy swidk BweI krIm b^S mwCI dy Gr rhy[ Agly idn svyr vyly hI aunHW nUM shyVI ipMf dy DuMmw qy drbwrI, jo kdy ies ielwky dy msMd huMdy hn, iml pey Aqy aunHW nUM Awpxy nwl Awpxy ipMf lY gey[ ies mgroN du`nw isMG qy suiB`KI Awpxy ipMf cly gey[ aunHW dI ies mgroN dI izMdgI dw koeI pqw nhIN lgdw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sucw nMd

ieh id`lI sUby dy hyT sB qoN vD mwlIey vwly ielwky srhMd (pihloN sIhrMd) dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn dw pySkwr/dIvwn sI[ jd gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy in`ky swihbzwidAW Aqy bzurg mwqw gujrI nUM shyVI qoN igR&qwr kr ky srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn kol pyS kIqw igAw qW hwzr kuJ lokW ny ikhw ik b`icAW dw koeI ksUr nhIN, aunHW nUM C`f dyxw cwhIdw hY[ pr ies su`cw nMd ny ikhw ik s`p dy b`cy rihm krn dy kwibl nhIN huMdy[ ies ’qy vzIr ^wn ny b`icAW nUM qsIhy dyx Aqy aunHW nUM ijaUNidAW nUM nIhW ivc icx ky ShId krn dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw[ jd auswridAW-auswridAW auh kMD ifg peI qw aunHW dIAW grdnW k`t ky aunHW nUM ShId kiqw igAw (ieh ShIdIAW 12 dsMbr 1705 dy idn hoeIAW sn)[

12 meI 1710 dy idn jd bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy vzIr ^wn dIAW &OjW ivckwr c`pV icVI ivc lVweI hoeI qW ieh vI jMg dy mYdwn ivc hwzr sI[ ies qoN pihlW s`ucw nMd ny Awpxy iek BqIjy gMfw m`l ƒ iek hzwr ihMdU &OjI dy ky bMdw isMG dIAW &OjW ivc Swiml hox vwsqy C`q-bnUV vl tor idqw sI[ aus dI plwn ieh sI ik jMg SurU hMuidAW hI ieh swry ZdwrI kr ky mYdwn C`f ky B`j jwx ijs nwl is`K &OjW ivc KlblI m`c jwvy qy iesy aulJx ivc auh mwry jwx jW mYdwn C`f jwx[ jd ieh j`Qw bMdw isMG dy kYNp ivc phMuicAw qW is`K ƒ ienHW dI g`l ’qy XkIn nw AwieAw ik ieh vzIr ^wn qoN bwZI ho ky is`KW nwl Aw rly hn[ ies kr ky bMMdw isMG ny &Yslw kIqw ik ienW ƒ A`gy lwaux dI QW sB qoN Aw^rI kqwrW ivc riKAw jwey[

jd lVweI BKI hoeI sI qW plwn muqwibk su`cw nMd dw BqIjw gMfw m`l Awpxy jwsUs ihMdU &OjI lY ky B`jx lg ipAw[ ies nwl is`KW dy Kymy ivc vI kuJ Gbrwht PYl geI[ ies ƒ vyK ky bMdw isMG it`ly qoN auqr ky Awp mYdwny-jMg ivc Aw igAw[ bMdw isMG ƒ Awpxy ivc KVw vyK ky is`KW dy hOsly dUxy-cOxy ho gey qy auh nvyN joS nwl srhMdI &OjW ’qy tu`t pey[ ies nwl srhMdI &OjW ny ip`Cy htxw SurU kr idqw[ ieh vyK ky vzIr ^wn qy aus dw vzIr su`cw nMd Awp AglIAW s&W ivc Aw gey Aqy srhMdI &OjW ƒ h`lwSyrI dyx lg pey[ sB qoN pihlI t`kr bwz isMG Aqy su`cw nMd ivc hoeI[ bwz isMG jd su`cw nMd v`l viDAw qW buzidl su`cw nMd ^O& nwl dihl igAw qy ip`Cy nUM B`j ipAw[ (mYdwn iv`coN B`jy su`cw nMd ny srhMd pu`j ky hI swh ilAw)[

c`pV icVI dI lVweI ij`qx mgroN is`K &OjW srhMd pu`jIAW Aqy CotI ijhI lVweI mgroN Sihr ’qyy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ pr Ajy qk su`cw nMd is`K &OjW dy h`Q nhIN sI l`gw[bMdw isMG ny muKI SihrIAW dw iek iek`T bulwieAw Aqy AYlwn kIqw ik is`K iksy vI bygunwh ƒ koeI qklI& nhIN Awaux dyxgy pr iksy vI mujirm ƒ muAw& nhIN kIqw jwvygw[ ies ’qy lokW ny rwhq mihsUs kIqI[ bhuq swry lok bMdw isMG nwl imlvrqx krn lg pey[ aunHW ivcoN iksy ny su`cw nMd dw vI Qhu-pqw ds idqw[ su`cw nMd Ajy Sihr ivc luikAw hoieAw sI[ auh c`pV-icVI iv`coN dOV Awaux dy bwvjUd srhMd ’coN inkl nhIN sikAw sI ikauNik auh AwpxI bySumwr iek`TI kIqI hoeI dOlq nUM sMBwlx Aqy k`F ky iljwaux dIAW skImW GVdw rih igAw sI[ aus ƒ igR&qwr kr ky aus dy n`k ivc nkyl pw ky aus ƒ Gr-Gr ivc iB`iKAw mMgx ’qy mjbUr kIqw igAw[ rsqy ivc lokW ny aus ƒ p`Qr vI mwry[ A^Ir burI qrHW zlIl ho ky s`ucw nMd mr igAw[ su`cw nMd kol bySumwr dOlq sI[ ies swrI dOlq nUM zbq kr ilAw igAw[ iebrqnwmw dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism ilKdw hY ik “ieM\ jwpdw sI ik aus ny ieh swrI dOlq iesy idn vwsqy iek`TI kIqI hoeI sI[” muhMmd kwism ieh vI ilKdw hY ik “lok kihMdy sn ik vzIr ^wn dy vyly koeI AYsw zulm nhIN sI jo ZrIbW au~qy nw kIqw igAw hovy qy hux (zulm dw) koeI Aijhw bIj nhIN sI ijs nUM Pu`l nw l`gw hovy[ ijhw bIijAw igAw, iqhw v`iFAw igAw[” bMdw isMG ny su`cw nMd dy prvwr nUM vI szw id`qI[ aunHW nUM ijsm F`kx jogy kpVy dy ky Sihr ivc mMgx ’qy mjbUr kIqw qy nwl hI Sihr ivc ieh muinAwdI vI krvw id`qI geI ik koeI vI bMdw ienHW nUM iek kOfI qoN vD iBiKAw nw dyvy (qwrI^y muhMmd SwhI)[ su`cw nMd Aqy vzIr ^wn dy mihlW bwry muhMmd kwism ilKdw hY ik aunHW dy“surgW vrgy mihl kWvW dy A`fy bx gey”.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

su`cyq isMh fogrw

jMmU dy rwjw jIq isMh puqr rwjw rxjIq dyau (ijhVw bMdw isMG dy i^lw& muihMm ivc sB qoN mUhrlI kqwr ivc sI) qoN 1815 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny jMmU dw rwj KoihAw sI[ jIq isMh dy ccyry Brw mIAW ikSorI dy iqMn puqr sn: gulwb isMh, iDAwn isMh qy sucyq isMh (jnm 18 jnvrI 1801)[ jy.fI.kinMGm (ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz, s&w 161) muqwibk ieh fogirAW dI ‘nwjwiez’ AOlwd sn[mIAW ikSorI qy ies dy iqMny pu`qr rxjIq isMG kol nOkr ho gey Aqy cwplUsI ivc mwihr hox kr ky aus dy bhuq nyVy huMdy gey[ rxjIq isMG ny 1821 ivc mIAW ikSorI ƒ jMmU dw rwjw bxw idqw[ 1822 ivc mIAW ikSorI dy mrn qy aus dw pu`qr gulwb isMh rwjw bx igAw[rxjIq isMG dI hkUmq ivc gulwb isMh fogrw ie`ko-iek rwjw sI ijs nUM AwpxI &Oj Awp r`Kx dw h`k imilAw hoieAw sI (kinMGm, s&w 213)[ ies qoN kuJ icr mgroN gulwb isMh fogrw dw Brw sucyq isMh fogrw sWbw dw rwjw bx igAw[ 1834 ivc aus ny ipSwvr ’qy kbzy dI mihMm ivc ih`sw ilAw[ 1835 ivc jsrotw irAwsq nUM vI aus dI jwgIr ivc Swiml kr id`qw igAw[ 1836 ivc aus nUM AtlgVH, koTI Aqy ndOx (ijs dI Awmdn s`qr hzwr rupY slwnw sI) vI dy id`qy gey[ 1839 ivc rxjIq isMG dI mOq mgroN auh jMmU clw igAw[ aus dI koeI AOlwd nhIN sI qy aus ny gulwb isMh dy pu`qr rxbIr isMh nUM muqbMnw bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ 1840-41 ivc rwxI cMd kOr Aqy rwjw Syr isMG dI lwhOr dy q^q ’qy kbzy lVweI ivc sucyq isMh fogrw mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy nwl Aw imilAw sI[ mgroN Syr isMG kwmXwb ho igAw qW sMDwvwlIAW ny 15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn aus dw kql kr id`qw[ sMDwvwlIey hIrw isMh fogrw qy sucyq isMh fogrw ƒ vI kql krnw cwhMudy sn pr auh dovyN ienHW dy h`Q nw lgy[ies ^UnI dirAw ƒ vhwaux dy dOrwn 5 swl dy nwbwlg kMvr dlIp isMG ƒ 18 sqMbr 1843 dy idn g`dI ’qy ibTw id`qw igAw sI[ hIrw isMh fogrw aus dw vzIr bx igAw sI[ hux hIrw isMh kol swrI qwkq Aw geI[ aus dy cwcy sucyq isMh ny vI hkUmq ivc v`fw ih`sw mMigAw[ auh mwrc 1844 dy dUjy h&qy lwhOr Aw igAw[ aus nwl 50 kU injI v&wdwr ispwhI sn[ bwkI &Oj hIrw isMh ny vDyrIAW qn^whW dy ky Awpxy nwl rlw leI sI[ hIrw isMh ny sucyq isMh ƒ pYZwm ByijAw ik qUμ qwkq hwisl nhIN kr skdw, ies kr ky AwpxI jwn nw guAw qy vwips clw jwh[ pr, sucyq isMh nhIN ruikAw[ A^Ir dohW ivc lVweI hoeI[ sucyq isMh qy aus dy swQI kysrI isMh ny swQIAW sxy ^Ub bhwdrI idKweI qy pMj-pMj, s`q-s`q &OjIAW ƒ mwr ky AKIr jwnW guAweIAW[ ieh g`l 27 mwrc 1844 dI hY[ ieh vI i^Awl kIqw jWdw hY ik sucyq isMh ƒ gulwb isMh ny ByijAw sI, ikauNik auh hIrw isMh dy i^lw& sI[ pr mgroN aus ny h`Q ip`Cy iK`c ilAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suDr sYn

BweI bwlw dI jnmswKI dI iek swKI muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn 1510 ivc krnPu`lI dirAw qoN 20 iklomItr dUr ictwgWg (hux bMglwdyS dw iek Aihm ngr) ivcoN lMGy sn[ swKI muqwibk ie`QoN dw rwjw suDr sYn, aus dw BqIjw ieMdr sYn Aqy JMfw bwfI (iek qrKwx) gurU jI dy is`K bxy sn[

bwlw jnmswKI ivc iqMn swKIAW hn ijnHW ivc suDr sYn, ieMdr sYn Aqy mDrbYn dw izkr hY[ ictwgWg ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc cOk bwzwr ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dI pihlI iemwrq 1740-50 ivc mohn isMG (ictwgWg dy nvwb AlI vrdI ^wn dw dIvwn) ny bxvweI sI[ hux gurduAwry dw ieMqzwm iek kmytI krdI hY, ijs dw cyArmYn izlHw j`j huMdw hY.

gurduAwrw ictwgWg, bMglw dyS

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sU&I i&rkw

ieslwm dw iek i&rkw ijs nUM ieslwmI rh`svwd vI ikhw jWdw hY[ies mq dw nW ies dy muK pRcwrkW v`loN sU& dy k`pVy Dwrn krn qoN c`ilAw sI[ kuJ ivdvwn ies dw mUl qs`vu& (pSmInw bxwauxw) ivc mMndy hn[ kuJ lok ies dw mu`F hzrq muhMmd dy juAweI AlI qoN mMndy hn[ kuJ lok bZdwd dy junYd (830-910) Aqy mnsUr A`l-h`lwj (mOq 922) nUM muF`ly sU&IAW ivc igxdy hn[ pr bhuq ivdvwn ies dw moFI bhwau`dIn swm nUM mMndy hn, jo qyrHvIN sdI ivc hoieAw sI[ ies dy muK pRcwrkW ivc hyT ilKIAW S^sIAqW Swiml sn: bZdwd dw Abdul kwdr iglwnI (1077- 1166), mueInau`dIn icSqI (1141- 1236), iebn ArwbI (1165 – 1240), bhwau~dIn nkSbMdI bu^wrI (1318- 1389) qy aus dw cylw SY^ Aihmd srhMdI (1564- 1624)[ ienHW dIAW pRMprwvW nUM kwdrIAw, icSqIAw qy nkSbMdIAw dy nW nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ sU&I kvIAW qy lyKkW (Kojw A^mq X`svI, rUmI) Aqy inSwpur dy A`qwr ny sU&I mq dy pRcwr ivc bhuq rol Adw kIqw[ sU&I pRcwrkW dy nW nwl joVIAW geIAW krwmwqW ny ies dy pRcwr ivc bhuq ih`sw pwieAw[ ATwrvIN sdI ivc bsrw dI rihx vwlI rwbIAw nW dI iek AOrq sU&I (mOq 1801) ny vI bhuq nW K`itAw[ Bwrq ivc Aw ky pRcwr krn vwly sU&IAW au~qy kuJ-kuJ vydWq dw vI Asr sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dIAW audwsIAW mgroN ies mq dy pRcwrkW ’qy gurbwxI dw vI bhuq Asr ipAw; ^ws kr ky sU&I kvI bulHw, Swh husYn, sulqwn bwhU, hwiSm Swh, vjId, ^vwjw Zulwm &rId, Swh Sr&, mOLvI Zulwm rsUl, mIAW muhMmd b^S Awid dIAW ilKqW ivc gurbwxI sw& JlkdI hY[ sU&IAW dy muK nym ieh hn: 1. r`b swirAW ivc hY Aqy r`b ivc sB kuJ hY 2. mzhb mukqI dw swiKAwq swDn nhIN; ieh isr& jIvn Xwqrw dw qrIkw hY 3. swrI rcnw, kwienwq r`b dI rzw ivc hY[ aus dI rzw ibnw ienswn kuJ nhIN kr skdw 4. jIvwqmw ijsm qoN pihlW sI[ ienswn AwpxIAW krqUqW dy muqwibk ivc r`b ivc smwvygw 5. pUry murSd dI imhr nwl r`b dI iebwdq ivc lIn rihx nwl ABydqw hwisl huMdI hY[ sU&I mq dIAW cwr mMizlW hn: 1. nwsUq (ienswnIAq): ies nUM SrIAq vI kihMdy hn, Xwin ieslwm dI isiKAw muqwibk izMdgI jIxw; ^ud nUM n&sI BwvnwvW qoN bxwauxw qy ie^lwkI piv`qrqw Apxwauxw 2. mlkUq (&irSqy vwlIAW ^UbIAW): ies nUM qrIkq vI kihMdy hn; Xwin murSd dy d`sy qrIky ’qy clxw[ duinAwvI ^wihSW qoN aupr auTxw 3. jbrUq (qwkq): ies nUM mwr&q vI kihMdy hn[ ies ivc igAwn dI qwkq hwisl huMdI hY qy r`b nwl ilv lgdI hY 4. &nw (ABwv); ies nUM hkæIkæq vI kihMdy hn[ ies ivc dunIAW dw ABwv huMdw hY, rUh rOSn huMdI hYY Aqy s`c nwl vsl (imlwp) huMdw hY[ sU&I mq dy pYrokwr nUM swilk kihMdy hn, ijs dw ArQ hY: r`b dI Koj krn vwlw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suhylw, BweI

BweI suhylw BweI b`lU (jo BweI mnI isMG dw dwdw sI) dw sB qoN Cotw pu`qr, BweI mUly dw poqrw qy BweI rwE dw pVpoqw sI[ auh 29 ApRYl 1635 dy idn PgvwVy ivc audoN ShId hoieAw jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb krqwrpur dI lVweI mgroN kIrqpur jw rhy sn qy PgvwVy ivc muZl &Oj dy iek dsqy ny aunHW ‟qy Acwnk hmlw kr id`qw sI[ BweI suhylw dI ShIdI bwry „B`t vhI qlauNFw‟ ivc ieh ieMdrwj imldw hY: “dwsw bytw b`lU kw, suhylw bytw b`lU kw, poqy mUly ky, pVpoqy reIAw ky, jlHwny, jgU bytw Drmy kw, poqw Bojy kw, rmwxw, vwsI lwfvw, prgnw Qwnysr, swl solW sY bwnmyN, jyT mws kI sMkRWq, idhuM bu`Dvwr PgvwVw ky mlHwn, prgxw jlMDr, pwCY Aw rhI qurk &Oj gYl swmHy mwQy jUJ kir mrY[”

2. iek kwlpink khwxI muqwibk kwbl dw iek isK gurU hirgoibMd swihb vwsqy do vDIAw GoVy ilAw irhw sI Aqy rsqy ivc lwhOr dy hwkm ny jbrI Koh ley sn[ ibDI cMd surisMG vwlw aunHW nUM vwips lY AwieAw sI[ dohW GoiVAW dy nW gulbwZ qy dUjy dw idlbwZ sn[ gurU jI ny gulbwZ dw nW suhylw qy idlbwZ dw nW jwnBweI r`iKAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sukrckIAw imsl/ sukrc`kIey

ies imsl dw moFI pMf sukrc`k (izlw gujrW vwlw) dw BweI dysU (pu`qr cODrI Bwg m`l qy poqw qKq m`l) sI, jo pwhul lY ky bu`Fw isMG bixAw sI[ ies dy do pu`qr sn: nOD isMG qy cMdw isMG (cMdw isMG dy vwirs sMDwvwlIey AKvwauNdy hn)[ 1718 ivc bu`Fw isMG dI mOq ho geI[ hux nOD isMG ies jQy dw muKI bixAw[ nOD isMG 1752 ivc mr igAw[ ies mgroN aus dy pu`qr cVHq isMG ny kmWf sMBwlI[ cVHq isMG Sukr c`k qoN gujrWvwlw Aw igAw[ aus ny ies QW ’qy iklHw bxwieAw[ CyqI hI aus ny vzIrwbwd, eymnwbwd Aqy rohqws ivc AwpxI qwkq bxw leI[ Agsq 1761 ivc ies ny AihmdSwh durwnI dy jrnYl nUr-aud-dIn ƒ isAwlkot ’coN burI qrHW BjwieAw[ sqMbr 1761 ivc aus ny lwhOr dy sUbydwr Kvwjw AbYd ƒ zbrdsq iSksq id`qI[ 5 &rvrI 1762 dy G`lUGwry vyly ies ny kmwl dw rol Adw kIqw[ 1770’c jMmU ’qy hmly dOrwn ies dI mOq ho geI[ ies mgroN aus dw nwbwlg pu`qr mhW isMG ies imsl dw muKI bixAw[ 1790 ivc mhW isMG dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr (mhwrwjw) rxjIq isMG muKI bixAw[

pihlW ies imsl kol isr& gujrWvwlw dw ielwkw hI sI[ 7 julweI 1799 ƒ rxjIq isMG ny AwpxI s`s rwxI sdw kOr dI mdd nwl lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1804 ivc AMimRqsr ’qy vI ies dw kbzw ho igAw[ ies mgroN rxjIq isMG ny iek-iek kr ky swrIAW is`K imslW dy ielwky Koh ley[ isr& AwhlUvwlIAw imsl dw ielwkw hI Awzwd irhw jW sqluj pwrly ielwky ies dI mwr qoN bcy rhy[ ies ny is`K jrnYlW dI mdd nwl ksUr (1807), JMg (1807), bhwvlpur qy AKnUr (1807), f`lyvwlIAw imsl dw ielwkw (1807), kWgVw (1809), gujrwq (1810), ^uSwb qy swhIvwl (1810), jMmU (1810), vzIrwbwd (1810), rwmgVHIAw imsl dw ielwkw (1811), &YzlwpurIAw/ isMGpurIAw imsl dw ielwkw (1811), n`keI imsl dw ielwkw (1811), Atk (1813), kSmIr (1812 qy 1814 dI nwkwmXwbI mgroN 1819 ivc), knHeIAw imsl dw ielwkw (1821), mulqwn (1803, 1807, 1816 qy 1817 dI nwkwmXwbI mgroN 1818 ivc), nOSihrw (1824), ipSwvr (1812 dI nwkwmXwbI mgroN 1834 ivc), fyrw ZwjI ^wn, fyrw iesmweIl ^wn (1836) vZYrw swry ielwky ijq ley[ ihmWcl dIAW swrIAW phwVI irAwsqW aus ƒ Krwj dyNdIAW sn[

1839 ivc rxjIq isMG mr igAw[ aus dy pwly hoey jMmU dy fogry-ihMdU (iDAwn isMh, gulwb isMh, sucyq isMh qy hIrw isMh), ihMdUsqwn (hux au~qr pRdyS) dy bRwhmx (KuShwl cMd, lwl cMd, qyj rwm) vZYrw aus dy rwj dI qbwhI dw kwrn bxy[ 1840 ivc aus dw v`fw pu`qr KVk isMG qy poqw nOinhwl isMG Aqy 1843 ivc dUjw pu`qr Syr isMG qy poqw pRqwb isMG mwr id`qy gey[1843 ivc nwbwlg dlIp isMG rwjw bixAw 1845 ivc rxjIq isMG dy do hor pu`qr (ipSOrw isMG qy kSmIrw isMG) vI mwr idqy gey[AMgryzW ny Zdwr fogirAW Aqy imSrw bRwhmxW dI mdd nwl dlIp isMG ƒ g`dIEN lwh ky mulk ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ rxjIq isMG ny ijvyN ‘muridAW dy k&n lwh ky’ rwj bxwieAw sI Aw^r aus dw rwj aus dy pwly bu`kl dy s`pW (fogirAW Aqy bRwhmxW) dy h`QoN EvyN hI clw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl bbr

suKdyv isMG (9.8.1955 – 9.8.1992) pu`qr ijμd isμG) dw jnm ipMf dwsUvwl (izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc hoieAw sI[ 13 ApRYl 1978 dy idn AMimRqsr ivc inrMkwrIAW v`loN 13 is`KW dy kql mgroN pMjwb ivc is`K nOjvwnW ivc Drm surjIqI dI lihr c`lI[ 1979 ivc jQydwr qlivMdr isMG prmwr (knyfw) ny ^u&IAw jQybMdI „bbr Kwlsw‟ dI nINh r`KI[ ies dy nwl hI aunHW ny zmInI p`Dr ‟qy “cldw vhIr ckrvrqI dl” bxw ky ipMf-ipMf Drm pRcwr dI syvw vI SurU kr id`qI[jQydwr qlivMdr isMG nwl bhuq swry srgrm kwrkuMn Swiml hox lg pey[ CyqI hI ieh qIh ku jixAW dw j`Qw bx cukw sI[ ienHW ivc AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn, gurnwm isMG BUrw kohnw, syvw isMG qrmwlw, AmrjIq isMG dhyVU, qrsym isMG kwlw sMGw, vDwvw isMG sMDU c`Tw, inhwl isMG, mihMgw isMG, kulvMq isMG jgwDrI, AnoK isMG viVMg, sul`Kx isMG vYrovwl, suirMdr isMG nwgoky, rySm isMG, sqnwm isMG, divMdr isMG, suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl, kuldIp isMG, surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW, Amolk isMG qy Ajwieb isMG bwgVI Awid Swiml sn[jQydwr qlivMdr isMG dI bhuqI nyVqw AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn, gurnwm isMG BUrw kohnw, syvw isMG qrmwlw, AmrjIq isMG dhyVU, vDwvw isMG qy surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW nwl sI[ dUjy pwsy suirMdr isMG nwgoky, AnoK isMG, sul`Kx isMG, divMdr isMG, suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl qy Amolk isMG mwJy ivc iml ky kMm krdy sn[ pMjwb ivc inhwl isMG hrIAW vylW vwly dw vI ies jQy nwl nyVlw sbMD sI[ AMimRqsr ivc 13 ApRYl 1978 dy idn hoey 13 is`KW dy kqlyAwm vwly kys dw PYslw 4 jnvrI 1980 dy idn hoieAw sI[ bwdl dI puls ny kys shI nhIN liVAw Aqy inrMkwrIAW ny j`j qk phuMc vI kr leI ijs kwrn gurbcn isMG Aqy aus dy swQI mujirm brI ho gey[ ies hwlq ivc KwVkUAW ny PYslw kIqw ik inrMkwrI nUM pMQk qrIky nwl szw id`qI jwvy[ so Xojnw bxw ky isMGW ny 24 ApRYl 1980 dy idn gurbcn isMG nUM soD id`qw[ ies ivc v`fw rol BweI rxjIq isMG, kwbl isMG, igAwn isMG reIAw mMfI dw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw dlbIr isMG AiBAwsI, svrn isMG, Bolw isMG, myjr isMG nwgoky Awid ny vI imlvrqn id`qw sI[ kuJ icr mgroN jQydwr qlivMdr isMG knyfw muV gey Aqy pYsy Aqy hiQAwrW dw ieMqzwm kIqw[ ienHW ivco iek mwaUzr igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrW nUM vI Byt kIqw igAw sI[ ies mgroN hr inrMkwrIAW dI suDweI vI SurU ho geI: 5 Agsq 1981 dy idn AnMdpur ivc SwdI lwl AMgwrw (suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl ny), 28 Agsq dy idn kot SmIr dw mwstr drSn (surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW ny), G`l kLW dw Qwnydwr (AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn ny), 9 sqMbr 1981 dy idn lwlw jgq nwrwiex (svrn isMG rofy, dlbIr isMG AiBAwsI qy nCqr isMG ny) soD id`qy[ 20 sqMbr nUM cOk mihqw ivc c`lIAW golIAW nwl 11 is`K mwry gey sn[ ies dy i^lw& ros vjoN motr sweIklW ‟qy svwr bbrW ny 20 qwrI^ nUM jlMDr Aqy 21 sqMbr dy idn qrnqwrn ivc golIAW clweIAW[ ieh motr sweIkl vwilAW ivc AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn, gurnwm isMG BUrw kohnw, surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW, qrsym isMG kwlw sMGw, suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl, vDwvw isMG Swiml sn[ 16 AkqUbr 1981 dy idn motr sweIkl vwilAW ivcoN AmrjIq isMG Kymkrn Aqy suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl ny sYktrIeyt ivc jw ky inrMkwrIAW dy iek pRmuK AwgU inrMjn isMG dy soDx dw AYkSn kIqw[ auh qW bc igAw, pr aus dw Brw suirMdr mwirAw igAw[ inrMjn dy gMnmYn ^uSnsIb ny suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl nUM j`Pw pw ilAw pr AmrjIq isMG ny aus nUM golI mwr ky suKdyv isMG nUM Cufvw ilAw Aqy dovyN jxy bc ky inkl gey qy bwhr JwVIAW kol KVHy vDwvw isMG v`loN iqAwr motr sweIkl ‟qy svwr ho ky inkl gey[ 23 AkqUbr nUM pWCtw dw mihMdrpwl srpMc Aqy 16 nvMbr nUM kpUrQlw dw pRihlwd cMd, aus dw Brw qy bwp mwry gey[ pr ies mOky ‟qy qrsym isMG dw auDwr mMg ky ilAWdw motr sweIkl nw cl sikAw[ ies motr sweIkl qoN puls nUM qrsym isMG dw rwz pqw lg igAw[ auDr surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW 6 nvMbr dy idn Aslw KrIddw PiVAw jw cukw sI[ puls ny aus nUM qsIhy dy ky aus qoN vI bhuq swry rwz pqw kr ley sn[ ies hwlq ivc jQydwr qlivMdr isMG, vDwvw isMG, qrsym isMG qy rySm isMG Awid nYpwl rwhIN ivdySW nUM inkl cuky sn[ 27 meI 1982 dy idn puls ny kulvMq isMG nwgoky nUM igR&qwr kIqw qy aus ‟qy bhuq qS`dd kiqw[ A^Ir aus nUM nklI mukwblw bxw ky mwr id`qw[ 19 julweI 1982 dy idn AmrjIq isMG dhyVU dw nklI mukwblw bxw ky aus nUM vI mwr id`qw[ ies hwlq ivc suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl Aqy aus dy kuJ swQIAW ny drbwr swihb pnwh lY leI[ auh kdy-kdy bwhr jw ky KwVkU AYkSn krdy rihMdy sn[ julweI 1982 ivc BweI AmrIk isMG qy Twrw isMG dI igR&qwrI mgroN BweI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw vI drbwr swihb ivc Aw igAw[ ies smyN iBMfrWvwilAW Aqy suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl ivc ql^I clx lg peI[ nOjvwn iBMfrWvwilAW kol jWdy sn qy suKdyv isMG nUM koeI pu`Cdw jW jwxdw vI nhIN sI[ ies hwlq ivc AmrjIq isMG, gurnwm isMG kWstybl qy surjIq isMG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW dohW iDrW ivc Amn kwiem r`Kx dI koiSS krdy rhy[ A^Ir iBMfrWvwlw gurU nwnk invws C`f ky Akwl buMgw dI iemwrq ivc clw igAw[ hux is`K nOjvwn gurU nwnk invws dI QW iBMfrWvwilAW kol Akwl buMgw Aqy aus dy dIvwn lwaux vwlI jgh gurU rwmdws swihb dI C`q ‟qy jwxy SurU ho gey[ ies nUM vyK ky suKdyv isMG dwsUvwl ny AwpxI hoNd dw iezhwr krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ suKdyv isμG ny 20 dsμbr 1983 ƒ iek pRYs kwn&rMs kr ky 35 inrMkwrIAW Aqy zwlm pulsIAW dy kqlW dw izμmw AwpxI j`QybμdI isr lY ilAw[ ies vyly bbr Kwlsw dy &waUNfr qy muKI jQydwr qlivμdr isμG jrmn dI iek jylH ivc bMd sI[ suKdyv isμG ny ieh ibAwn aus dI rzwmμdI qoN ibnW id`qw sI[ kuJ icr mgroN bbr Kwlsw dy vI do ih`sy ho gey[ ies mgroN bbr Kwlsw dy AmrjIq isμG Kymkrn, gurnwm isμG kWstybl qy surjIq isμG rwmpur ibSnoeIAW vZYrw suKdyv isμG ƒ C`f ky iBMfrWvwlw dy kYNp ivc Swiml ho gey[ ies dy nwl hI dohW DiVAW ivc AwpxI hsqI mMnvwaux dI jMg SurU ho geI[

4 jUn 1984 dy idn BwrqI &Oj ny drbwr swihb ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ suKdyv isMG bbr qy aus dy swQI kuJ icr qW lVweI ivc Swiml rhy pr CyqI hI auh qy aus dy drjn ku swQI kμDW t`p ky bc ky inkl gey[ ies mgroN suKdyv isMG (qy mgroN aus dw s`kw Brw mihl isMG vI) pwiksqwn clw igAw[ CyqI hI aus nUM pwiksqwn srkwr ny kbUl kr ilAw[ kuJ icr mgroN aus nUM ivdySW qoN bhuq rkm Awaux lg peI qy auh KwVkU AYkSn krvwaux lg ipAw[ ies dOrwn aus ny pitAwlw dI Arbn Astyt (Pyz 1 vc mkwn nbr 20) ivc iek koTI ^rId leI Aqy iemwrqW Aqy sVkW Awid bxwaux vwlw Tykydwr bx ky rihx lg ipAw[ aus ny nwBy dy FwFI j`Qy vwlI iek bIbI nwl dUjw ivAwh vI krvw ilAw ijs qoN iek lVkw vI pYdw hoieAw[ 1992 ivc pMjwb AsYNblI dIAW coxW krvwaux dw AYlwn hoieAw[ kWgrs pwrtI qy sYNtr srkwr ny KwVkUAW ivc Awpxy AμsrW rwhIN zor puAw ky, AkwlIAW ƒ DmkIAW dy ky, qy keI AkwlI aumIdvwrW, AwgUAW qy vrkrW ƒ kql krvw ky, votrW nUM frwaux dI pUrI koiSS kIqI[ pr ies dy bwvjUd nw qW AkwlI cox mYdwn ivcoN hty qy nw hI KwVkU[ jy coxW huMdIAW qW KwVkUAW dI hkUmq hoxI sI pr ^u&IAw eyjMsIAW ny Awpxw Asr vrq ky, kuJ KwVkU AwgUAW nUM byvkU& bx ky ienHW koloN coxW dw bweIkwt krvw idqw[

ies bweIkwt qoN pihlW dljIq isMG ib`tU Aqy suKdyv isMG bbr ny coxW lVn vwly AkwlIAW nUM „^qrnwk‟ is`itAW dI vwrinMg id`qI sI[ ies kwrn AkwlI AwgU fr gey qy aunHW ny coxW dw bweIkwt krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[mgroN ies swry gunwh dw nqIjw KwVkUAW ƒ hI nhIN, hzwrW bygunwh is`KW ƒ vI Bugqxw ipAw[ coxW ivc is`KW vloN bweIkwt krn kr ky v`K-v`K sItW ‟qy isr& 10 qoN 20 &I sdI poilμg hoeI[ kWgrs pwrtI dw byAμq isMh 25 &rvrI 1992 dy idn cI& minstr bx igAw[ aus ny cI& minstr bxidAW hI pulIs cI& ky.pI.AYs. ig`l ƒ is`KW dw kqlyAwm SurU krn vwsqy hrI JμfI dy id`qI[ byAMq isMh vloN hrI JμfI imlidAW hI bu`cV puls A&sr ky.pI.AYs. ig`l ny dihSq &Ylwaux vwsqy is`K nOjvwnW dw kqlyAwm krnw SurU kr idqw[ pihlW qW kuJ igxy cuxy pr pihlI ApRYl qoN hr roz is`K nOjvwn igRPqwr kr ky nklI mukwbilAW ivc kql kIqy jwxy SurU ho gey[ ies swrw smW suKdyv isMG pitAwlw vwly Gr ivc irhw, pr mu^brI hox ‟qy aus nUM Agsq 1992 dy SurU ivc pitAwlw ivc Arbn Astyt ivc aus dy Gr qo igR&qwr kr ky nON Agsq 1982 dy idn iek nklI mukwbly ivc kql kr id`qw igAw[ pulIs ny aus ƒ iek hzwr kqlW dw izμmydwr krwr idqw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suKIAw mWfn

BweI suKIAw BweI mWfn dw bytw, BweI audw dw poqw qy BweI nwQU dw pVpoqw sI [ auh rwTOr-rwjpUq pirvwr nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy vyly auh soDrw (izlHw vzIrwbwd-pwiksqwn) ivc rih irhw sI[ ieh prvwr pihloN KYrpur (izlHw muz`&rgVH, jo mulqwn qoN 120 iklomtr dUr hY) ivc vI rihMdw irhw sI[ suKIAw dI BweI mnI isMG pirvwr nwl kuVmwcwrI sI[ auh mnI isMG dw s`kw Pu`PV sI[ aus dI pqnI bIbI mlUkI mnI isMG dI s`kI BUAw sI Aqy BweI b`lU ShId dI bytI sI[ suKIAw 16 dsMbr 1634 dy idn mihrwj ivc l`lw byg dI AgvweI ivc gurU swihb ’qy hmlwvr hoeIAW &OjW nwl do-h`Q krdy hoey ShId hoieAw sI[ ShId hox qoN pihlW aus ny muZl &Oj dy iek muKI iebrwhIm ^wn Aqy hor bhuq swry ispwhIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwr id`qw sI[suKIAw Awpxy pirvwr ivcoN ShId hox vwly Swied pihlw S^s sI, pr Awp dy pirvwr ivcoN keI hor jxy vI gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI &Oj ivc Swiml sn Aqy ruhIlw (1621) qy AMimRqsr (1634) dIAW lVweIAW ivc Awpxy jOhr idKw cu`ky sn[ ienHW ivc suKIAw dy ipqw BweI mWfn qy Brw BweI ibhwrI 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw dI lVweI ivc sB qoN mUhrlI kqwr ivc lVy sn[ aunHW ny hmlwvr &Oj dy AwgU Bgvwnw GyrV ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw sI Aqy aus dy pu`qr rqn cMd ƒ burI qrHW z^mI kIqw sI[ BweI suKIAw qoN bwAd vI ies pirvwr dy hor vI keI jxy gurU swihb dI &Oj ivc Swiml huMdy rhy sn[suKIAw dw poqw dyvw isMG (pu`qr qygw) 8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ aus dy iek poqy bjr isMG (pu`qr rwmw) ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb ƒ Ssqr ividAw id`qI sI [ ieh bjr isMG cpV icVI dI lVweI ivc 13 meI 1710 dy idn ShId hoieAw sI[bjr isMG dy iqMn hor Brw vI ShId ho cuky sn[jIqw isMG qy nyqw isMG 13 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShId hoey sn[audY isMG 1734 ivc BweI mnI isMG nwl ShId hoieAw sI[suKIAw dI pVpoqI bIbI iB`KW (pu`qrI BweI bjr isMG) Awlm isMG n`cxw dI isMGxI sI[iB`KW 6 dsMbr 1705 dy idn SwhI it`bI dy nyVy J`KIAW dI jUh ivc, BweI jIvn isMG (jYqw) dy moFy nwl moFw joV ky lVI qy ShId hoeI sI[ ies pirvwr ivcoN, AglIAW pIVHIAW ivcoN, ihMmq isMG, syvw isMG, mwn isMG, mohr isMG, kwhn isMG Aqy keI hor jxy vI v`K-v`K mOikAW ’qy ShId hoey sn [suKIAw bwry iek B`t vhI ivc ieh ieMdrwj imldw hY: ‘suKIAw bytw mWfn kw, poqw audY kw, pVpoqw nwQU kw, audwnw, swl solW sy iekwnvyN, poK pRivSty sqwrW, mMglvwr ky idhuM, mrwJ ky mlHwn, gurU ky hukm gYl swmHy mwQy jUJ kir mrw[’ (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw audwnoN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

su`Kw isMG bfru`KW

BweI su`Kw isMG PUlkIAW ^wndwn ivcoN bfruKW Sw^ dy bswvw isMG dw pu`qr sI[ jId dy rwjy sMgq isMG (3.2.1822 – 4.11.1834) dI lwvld mOq ’qy ivc ies ny g`dI dw dwAvw kIqw sI; pr AMgryzI hkUmq ny 8 mwrc 1837 nUM srUp isMG bjIdpurIey (1812-1864) nUM v`fI Sw^ dw smJ ky aus nUM g`dI id`qI sI[ mgroN nwBw irAwsq dy rwjw Bgvwn isMG (1842-1871) dy ibnw AOlwd mrn ip`CoN 31 meI 1871 dy idn ies su`Kw isMG dw pu`qr hIrw isMG (1843-1911) nwBw dw rwjw bxwieAw igAw sI[ su`Kw isMG dI mOq 1852 ivc hoeI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo

BweI su`Kw isMG dw jnm ipMf mwVI kMbo (izlHw qrnqwrn) dy iek qrKwx prvwr ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn ho ky auh Kwlsw &Oj dw ih`sw bx igAw[ aus ny nOjvwnW dw iek j`Qw bxwieAw Aqy muZl hwkmW nwl f`t ky t`kr leI[ hOlI-hOlI aus dy swQIAW dI igxqI vDdI geI qy ieh iek v`fw j`Qw bx igAw[ 1733 ivc swrI ^wlsw &Oj ƒ pUrI qrHW jQybMd krn vwsqy iek iek`T Akwl q^q swihb ‟qy bulwieAw[ ies smyN swrI is`K &Oj ƒ do ih`isAW ivc vMf id`qw igAw[ vfyrI aumr dy is`K „bu`Fw dl‟ dw ih`sw bx gey Aqy nOjvwn „qruxw dl‟ dw ih`sw bxy[ bu`Fw dl dy pMj jQy bxwey gey[ ienHW dy mu`KI sn: (1) bwbw dIp isMG phUivMfIey (2) jIvn isMG qy bIr isMG (3) kwhn isMG qy BweI ibnod isMG goieMdvwlIey (4) Drm isG qy krm isMG gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) vwly (5) dsONDw isMG kot bu`Fw vwlw[ ienHW pMjW dw fyrw drbwr swihb kMplYks ivc r`iKAw igAw[ ieM\ hI qruxw dl dy vI pMj jQy bxwey gey hn[ ienHW jiQAW dy muKI sn: (1) su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo (2) gurb^S isMG roVWvwlI (3) bwG isMG hlovwlIAw (4) guridAwl isMG flyvwl (5) Swm isMG nwrokI[

sMn 1739 ivc jd nwdr Swh ny pMjwb Aqy id`lI ivc lu`t mcweI qW is`K &Ojw ny hmlw kr ky aus qoN lu`t dy mwl dw kuJ ih`sw Koh ilAw[ ies ‟qy nwdr Swh bhuq gu`sy ivc AwieAw[ aus ny lwhor dy sUbydwr zkrIAw ^wn nUM is`KW ‟qy s^qI krn vwsqy AwiKAw[ zkrIAw ^wn ny is`KW dw kqlyAwm SurU kr id`qw[ kqlyAwm dy nwl-nwl zkrIAw ^wn ny AMimRqsr ‟qy kbzw vI kr ilAw[ aus ny mMifAwlw ipMf dy m`sw rMGV (mIr mUsw-aul-^wn) ƒ drbwr swihb dw kbzw dy id`qw[ (m`sw rMGV auhI sI ijs ny 1716 qoN 1739 qk, hzwrW muZl ispwhI Aqy mzdUr luAw ky bMdw isMG bhwdr dI rwjDwnI Kwlsw q^q lohgVH dy ivSwl iklHy nUM FuhwieAw sI)[ m`sw rMGV ny drbwr swihb ƒ AwpxI A`XwSI dw A`fw bxw ilAw[ auh ie`Qy kMjrIAW dy nwc krvwaux qy Srwb pIx l`g ipAw[ ies sB dI ^br bulwkw isMG nW dy iek is`K nUM imlI qW auh iek dm bIkwnyr nUM c`l ipAw[audoN bIkwnyr irAwsq ivc pYNdy ies ielwky, jo ryigsqwnI drKqW kr ky is`KW leI vDIAw lukxgwh sI[ EQy Awly duAwly qoN fUMGI jgHw hox kr ky iek purwxw C`pV sI ijs nUM ielwky dI „bwgVI‟ bolI „c “jOhVw” ikhw jWdw sI hux Eh jgHw “bu`Fw jOhV” krky jwxI jWdI hY jo Ajoky rwjsQwn dy gMgwngr izly ‟c pYNdI hY)[ bu`Fw jOhV pu`j ky aus ny pnwh leI bYTy is`KW nUM swry hwlwq jw d`sy[ jd aus ny ieh sB kuJ d`isAw qW iek is`K ny bulwkw isMG nUM svwl kIqw ik qUM ieh swrw kuJ vyK ky kuJ krn dI bjwie cupcwp eyQy ikauN Aw igAw hYN, qUM ^ud kuJ ikauN nhIN kIqw? ies ‟qy bulwkw isMG ny ikhw ik mYN iek`lw sI qy jy mYN auQy lV ky ShId ho jWdw qW quhwnUM ieh ^br ikvyN pu`j skxI sI? ^Yr, drbwr swihb dI byhurmqI bwry sux ky is`KW ivc bVw roh jwigAw[ is`KW ny ieh gurmqw kIqw ik drbwr swihb dI byhurmqI krn vwly m`sw rMGV ƒ soiDAw jwvy[ ies mOky ‟qy BweI mihqwb isMG mIrWkot Aqy su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo ny Awpxy Awp nUM ies syvw vwsqy pyS kIqw[ aunHW ny 11 Agsq 1740 dy idn AMimRqsr pu`j ky m`sw rMGV dw isr v`iFAw qy isr lY ky bu`Fw jOhV phuMc gey[ 1745 ivc BweI mihqwb isMG ShId ho igAw sI[ mihqwb isMG dw pu`qr rwey isMG (ipqw rqn isMG BMgU) Ajy Cotw sI; aus dw pwlx-poSx krn dI izMmydwrI su`Kw isMG ny lY leI sI[

&rvrI 1746 dy Aw^rI idnW ivc is`KW dw iek j`Qw j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw qy su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo dI AgvweI hyT iSvwlk dIAW phwVIAW v`l jw irhw sI[ jspq rwey dI &Oj dw swhmxw ipMf KoKrW (eymnwbwd dy nyVy) dy bwhr is`K &OjW nwl ho igAw[ ies mOky hoeI lVweI ivc jspq rwey mwirAw igAw[ ies mgroN aus dy Brw lKpq rwey ny is`KW dw Kurw Koj imtwaux dI ksm Kw leI[ ApRYl 1746 dy Aw^rI idnW ivc koeI ds-kU hzwr is`K rwvI dirAw dI CMB ivc, kwhƒvwn dy nyVy, lu`ky hoey sn[ ienHW ivc nvwb kpUr isMG, j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo, guridAwl isMG flyvwlIAw qy cVHq isMG sukrc`kIAw vZYrw vI sn[ lKpq rwey ny ies jMgl nUM A`g luAw id`qI qy swry pwisEN hmlw vI kr id`qw ijs nwl s`q hzwr dy krIb is`K mwry gey[ AkqUbr 1749 ivc jd dIvwn kOVw m`l ny is`KW qoN mulqwn &qh krn vwsqy mdd mMgI qW j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw qy su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo dI AgvweI ivc ds hzwr is`K ies muihMm ivc Swiml hoey qy ij`q hwisl kIqI[ 1752 dy SurU ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI nwl hoeI iek lVweI ivc auh ShId ho igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

su`Kw isMG prmwr

BweI suKw isMG BweI rwey isMG dw pu`qr Aqy BweI mweI dws dw poqw sI (Xwin ieh BweI mnI isMG dw skw BqIjw sI)[ ieh Aksr guruU goibMd isMG jI kol AnMdpur irhw krdw sI[ Agsq 1700 dy A^Ir ivc iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny AnMdpur swihb ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ iqMn idn dI hwr ip`CoN aus ny cOQy idn pihlI sqMbr ƒ cOQy iklHy lohgVH ‟qy hmlw kIqw[ lohgVH iklHy dw drvwzw bVw mzbUq sI [ ies drvwzy ƒ qoVn vwsqy phwVI &OjW ny iek hwQI ilAWdw Aqy aus ƒ SrwbI kr ky iklHy dy drvwzy v`l ByijAw [ eyny icr ivc is`K iklHy ‟coN bwhr inkl ky hwQI v`l, crn gMgw dy mYdwn v`l vDy, bic`qr isMG ny nwgnI brCy nwl aus hwQI ƒ z^mI kr ky ipCWh moV id`qw[audY isMG ny Ajmyr cMd dy mwmw rwjw kysrI cMd dw isr klm kr id`qw qy k`ty hoey isr ƒ brCy ‟qy tMg ky iklHw AnMdgVH lY igAw[ ies ip`CoN phwVI &OjW qy isMGW ivckwr gih-g`c lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc Awilm isMG cOrbrdwr, su`Kw isMG, kuSwl isMG qy keI hor isMG ShId hoey[ ies lVweI dw izkr “B`t vhI qlauNFw” ivc ieM\ iliKAw imldw hY: „gurU kw bcn pwie mnI isMG bytw mweI dws kw poqw b`lU kw… bic`qr isMG bytw mnI isMG kw, audY isMG bytw mnI isMG kw…..Awilm isMG bytw durgwdws kw, poqw pdmyN kw…hjwvq AWibAwnw…, swl sqrW sY sqvMjw, AsUj pRivSty pihlI, rvIvwr ky idhuM, iklHw lohgVH pRgnw mwKovwl sy, Kwlsw dl ko gYl lY, crngMgw ndI ky mlHwn, swmHyN mwQy Gor Xu`D kIAw[ bic`qr isMG ny hwQI ko mwr BgwieAw[ audY isMG ky hwQ sy kysrI cMd jsvwrIAw mwrw igAw[ mnI isMG s^q Gwiel hUey[ Awilm isMG bytw drIAw kw, poqw mUly kw….jlHwnw, su`Kw isMG bytw rwie isMG kw, poqw mweIdws kw, kuSwl isMG bytw m`KxSwh kw, poqw dwsy kw-pylIAw bnjwrw, rx myN jUJ kr mry[ Awgy gurU Bwxy kw KwibMd hY[ gurU kI giq gUr jwxy[‟ (B`t vhI qlauNFw prgnw jINd, Kwqw jlhwnoN kw)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 

su`KU

ieh iek dIvwnw toly dy iek muKI Gu`dy dw iek cylw sI[ jd jnvrI 1706 ivc gurU goibMd isMG iKdrwxy dI Fwb (hux mukqsr) qoN qlvMfI swbo nUM jw rhy sn qW auh rsqy ivc mlUkw ipMf (hux qihsIl Bgqw BweI kw, izlHw biTMfw; koTw gurU qoN mlUkw 5 iklomItr dUr Aqy jYqo qoN qkrIbn 18 iklomItr dUr) ivc ruky sn[ ie`Qy ienHW dIvwny swDUAW ivcoN iek ny jd gurU jI dy ^ymy (tYNt) ivc dwi^l hox dI koiSS kIqI qW iek is`K ny aus nUM roikAw ijs nwl auh h`Qo-pweI ho igAw qy ies ByV ivc bhuq z^mI ho igAw qy aus dI moq ho geI[ ies ’qy Gu`dw nW dy iek dIvwny ny qkrIbn 50 swDU iek`Ty kr ley qy gurU jI dw ip`Cw kIqw[ kuJ idn mgroN, jd gurU jI bwjk ipMf (mlUkw qoN 57 iklomItr dUr) pu`jy qW Gu`dw ny swDUAW nUM gurU jI ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy aukswieAw

jd swDUAW nUM gurU jI dI S^sIAq bwry pqw l`gw qW swry swDU SrimMdw hoey Aqy au~QoN cly gey; isr& su`Ku qy bu`DU hI rih gey[ jd auh dovyN gurU jI kol Awey qy aunHW nwl vwrqwlwp kIqI qW auh bhuq pRBwivq hoey[ aunHW ny gurU jI qoN muAw&I mMgI Aqy nwl hI sMgqW dI syvw vI krn lg pey[ su`KU cMgw gw lYNdw sI; aus ny gurU jI nUM mwlvy dw iek gIq (s`d) vI gw ky suxwieAw (ijs dy bol sn: k`cw koTw ivc vsdw jwnI[ sdw nw mwpy, in`q nw juAwnI[ c`lxw A`gy, nw hoie gumwnI…)[ jd gurU jI auQoN c`lx lgy qW aus ny gurU jI dI pwlkI nUM cu`kx dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI[ auh kuJ dUr qk sMgqW dy nwl igAw qy rUhwnI ^uSI mihsUs kIqI[ (bwjk ipMf ivc vI gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY; bwjk biTMfw qoN 23 iklomItr dUr hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sul`KxI, mweI

AμimRqsr qoN A`T iklo mItr dI dUr ipμf c`bw hY[gurU hirgoibμd swihb dy smyN ivc ieQoN dI iek AOrq bIbI sul`KxI sI qy aus dI koeI AOlwd nhIN sI (aus dw nW mweI dysW iliKAw vI imldw hY)[gurU hirgoibμd swihb Aksr gurU-dw-c`k qoN cwtIivμf huμdy hoey c`by qk jW ies qoN Agy qk, jo aus smyN jμgl hI sI, iSkwr vwsqy jWdy huMdy sn[ iek idn sul`KxI sμgrwxw swihb vwlI QW qy kwZz qy klm dvwq lY ky gurU jI dy rwh ivc Aw KloeI[ aus ƒ dyK ky jdoN gurU jI Klo gey qW aus ny gurU jI nUM m`Qw tyk ky pu`qr dI mμg kIqI[ gurU swihb ny bIbI sulKxI ƒ ikhw ik b`icAW dI dwq isr& Akwl purK dy h`Q hY[ qUμ Awpxw Drm inBwA qy vwihgurU dy BYA ivc rih ky aus dw nW jipAw kr[ jy Akwl purK dI drgwh ivc syvw kbUl hoeI qW vwihgurU Awp qYƒ mW bxn dw mwx b^Sxgy[ smW pw ky bIbI sul`KxI dy Gr sq pu`qr pYdw hoey[ ieh swrw ielwkw ausy bIbI dy Kwndwn qy vwirsW dw hI hY[ mgroN iksy khwxIkwr ny g`p swKI GV leI ik bIbI gurU swihb kol kwZz lY ky AweI qW jo gurU jI aus nUM aus kwZz ’qy pu`qr dI dwq ilK ky dy dyx qy gurU swihb jdoN iek ilKx lgy qW auh GoVy dy ihxkx nwl iek dw sq bx igAw[ ies g`p khwxI dw hwsohIxw ArQ ieh bxdw hY ik pu`qr kwZz ’qy iliKAW pYdw huMdy hn[ (AijhIAW khwxIAW hor gurUAW vloN krwmwq idKwey jwx bwry vI GVIAW hoeIAW hn, jo ik is`K &ls&y dy iblkul ault hn qy Zlq hn)[ hor vyKo: sMgrwxw swihb.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sul`KxI, mwqw (1)

is`K qvwrI^ ivc (mwqw iqRpqw Aqy byby nwnkI qoN mgroN) qIjI AOrq (ijs nUM p`CmI lok ‘&st lyfI’ kihxgy) ipMf p`Koky rMDwvw dy rihx vwly BweI mUl cMd cOxw dI DI mwqw sul`KxI (12.10.1476–22.9.1539) sI[ aus dw ivAwh gurU nwnk swihb nwl 24 sqMbr 1487 dy idn btwlw ivc hoieAw sI[ Awp dy Gr 10 Agsq 1494 dy idn sRI cMd Aqy 13 PrvrI 1497 dy idn lKmI dws (do byty) pYdw hoey[ sul`KxI ny AwpxI izMdgI dy 16-17 swl qlvMfI rwey Boey dI, iqMn swl sulqwnpur, 14-15 swl iPr p`Ko ky rMDwvy Aqy Aw^rI 17 swl krqwrpur ivc ibqwey[ aus dI mOq 22 sqMbr 1539 dy idn hoeI sI[ BwvyN gurU nwnk swihb dw audwsIAW dw 14 swl dw smW Awp ny iek`ilAW ibqwieAw sI, pr 35-36 swl aus nUM gurU nwnk swihb dy swQ dw in`G hwisl hieAw sI[ mwqw sul`KxI XkInn iek sbr vwlI AOrq sI ijs ny Awpxy pqI nUM swlW b`DI audwsIAW ’qy jwx qoN nhIN roikAw; aus nUM gurU swihb dw imSn AwpxI loV qoN v`fw mihsUs hoieAw hovygw[ dUjw, aus ivc syvw krn dw jzbw bhuq hovygw[ qlvMfI, sulqwnpur qy krqwrpur ivc gurU jI nUM imlx vwsqy sYNkVy qy hzwrW lok AwauNdy rihMdy hoxgy qy aunHW dI syvw krn dI izMmydwrI aus dI hI huMdI hovygI[ mwqw sul`KxI dy ipqw ‘coxw’ goq dy sn ies kr ky aunHW dw nW mwqw coxI iliKAw vI imldw hY.

sul`KxI, mwqw (2)

mwqw sul`KxI (1630- 3.7.1721) gurU hir rwie jI dI pqnI sn[ Awp ArUp ngr (izlHw gujrWvwlw) dy BweI dXw rwm is`lI dI bytI sn[ mwqw sul`KxI iek gurU (hir rwie) dI pqnI qy iek gurU (hrikRSn) dI mwqw sn[ Awp dw ivAwh gurU hirrwie swihb nwl 14 jnvrI 1640 dy idn hoieAw sI[ Awp dy ivAwh vyly bIbI sulKxI dI aumr isr& 10 swl sI[ ies mgroN BweI dieAw rwm ArUp ngr C~f ky ipMf kot kilAwxpur (nyVy kIrqpur) Aw visAw sI[ bIbI sul`KxI dw muklwvw do swl bwAd, 16 jUn 1642 dy idn toirAw igAw sI[gurU hirrwie swihb dI pqnI bIbI sul`KxI dy mwpy ikauNik kot kilAwxpur ivc rihx l~g pey sI, ies kr ky aus nUM ‘kot kilAwxI’ vI AwKdy sn[ bIbI sul`KxI ny 24 PrvrI 1646 dy idn rwmrwie, 9 ApRYl 1649 dy idn rUp kOr Aqy 20 julweI 1652 dy idn (gurU) hirikSn swihb nUM jnm idqw[ iqMn b~icAW dI mW hox kr ky Awp nUM Awp dI s~s ‘iqrbYxI’ AwK ky vI bulwieAw krdI sI[

ie`Qy ieh izkr krnw vI zrUrI hY ik iek do lyKkW ny Awp dy s~q ivAwh vI ilK id~qy hn, jo nw isr& glq hY blik hwsohIxw vI hY[ koeI vI bwp iek 10 swl dy bwl (gurU dI AOlwd hI shI) nwl s~q DIAW dw ivAwh nhIN kr skdw[ auN\ ieh nwmumikn vI hY[ ies ihswb nwl qW sB qoN CotI (sqvIN) kuVI qW Ajy god iv~c hI KyfdI hovygI[ is~K qvwrI^ iv~c AijhIAW Zlq g~lW keI QWeIN BrIAW peIAW hn[

mwqw sul`KxI ny AwpxI aumr dw bhuqw ih`sw kIrqpur ivc hI ibqwieAw sI[ 1645 qoN 1657 qk, jd gurU hr rwie swihb nwhn irAwsq dy ipMf Qwpl ivc jw ky rhy sn, qW auh vI ieh bwrW swl dw smW au~Qy rhI sI (ies dw mqlb ieh hY ik gurU jI dy iqMny b`cy ie`Qy hI pYdw hoey sn)[ mwrc 1664 ivc jd gurU hrikRSn swihb id`lI gey qW Awp vI aunHW dy nwl gey Aqy jY isMh imrzw dy bMgly ivc rhI sI[ 11 Agsq dy idn jd gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny rsmI qOr ’qy gurg`dI sMBwlI qW Awp vI bkwlw pu`jy sn[ 1688 ivc jd gurU goibMd isMG sihb pwauNtw qoN c`k nwnkI nUM g`ey qW rsqy ivc iek pVwA kIrqpur ivc vI kIqw qy mwqw sul`KxI dy Gr rhy sn[ iPr jd gurU jI Dmqwn dy dOry qoN Awey qW vI ienHW kol hI Tihry sn[ jd mwqw jIq kOr jI dI mOq hoeI qW mwqw sul`KxI AnMdpur swihb pu`jy sn[ Awp ny AMqlw smW kIrqpur ivc hI ibqwieAw sI

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sulhI ^wn qy sulBI ^wn

iek khwxI muqwibk sulhI ^wn iek muZl jrnYl sI, jo gurU Arjn swihb dy v`fy Brw ipRQI cMd dw iek v`fw muhrw bx igAw sI[ ipRQI cMd v`loN kMn Brn Aqy irSvq imlx mgroN auh gurU dw c`k (hux AMimRqsr) ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw[ pr ies qoN pihlW ik auh gurU dw c`k phuMcdw rsqy ivc hI GoVy dy bykwbU hox ’qy iek bldy B`Ty ivc ifg ky auh ijaUNdw sV ky mr igAw (iek muslmwn vwsqy A`g ivc ijaUNdy sV ky mrnw bVI v`fI bdiksmqI mMinAw jWdw hY)[ pr ipRQI cMd Ajy vI nw smiJAw[ hux aus ny sulhI ^wn dy BqIjy sulBI ^wn nUM nwl gMF ilAw[ sulBI ^wn &Oj lY ky gurU dw c`k v`l viDAw[ ies qoN pihlW ik auh gurU dw c`k phuMc skdw, Awpxy hI iek ispwhI nwl qn^wh sbMDI JgVy dOrwn, rwh ivc hI aus dI moq ho geI (auN\ ipRQI cMd ny ies dy bwvjUd vI AwpxIAW hrkqW nw C`fIAW qy mrn qk swizSW krdw irhw)[ iek hor irvwieq muqwibk sulhI ^wn qy sulBI ^wn nUM cMdU ny ByijAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sulqwn isMG vVYc

BweI sulqwn isMG p`tI dy cODrI dys rwj vVYc dw pu`qr Aqy inDwn isMG dw Brw sI[ dsMbr 1705 ivc aus dw ipqw BweI dys rwj cVHweI kr igAw[ ies pirvwr dI ielwky ivc bVI ie`zq sI Aqy ieh cMgy r`jy-pu`jy zmINdwr sn[ dys rwj dI sqwrHvIN dy mOky ’qy r`Ky pwT dy Bog ’qy Awly-duAwly dy muKI is`K AwgU hwizr hoey[dys rwj qy sulqwn isMG dI is`K pMQ ivc koeI ^ws hsqI zrUr hoxI hY ikauNik ies mOky ’qy gurU Amr dws swihb dw vwirs ^uShwl isMG qy aus dy do byty, Aqy dUroN-dUroN keI hor is`K vI pu`jy hoey sn[ies smyN iksy ny au~Qy hwzr sMgqW ƒ gurU goibMd isMG jI dy AnMdpur C`fx Aqy mwqw jI, cOhW swihbzwidAW Aqy sYNkVy is`KW dIAW ShIdIAW bwry d`isAw[ ies vwrqw ƒ sux ky ielwky dy lokW ny A&sos zwihr kIqw ik swƒ AnMdpur swihb dy hwlwq pqw nhIN sn, vrnw AsIN au~Qy jw ky gurU jI dw swQ dyNdy[A^Ir Awps ivc ivcwr kr ky Bwg isMG Jbwl, sulqwn isMG vVYc, inDwn isMG vVYc (pqI mweI Bwg kOr), 37 hor isMG Aqy mweI Bwg kOr gurU swihb ƒ imlx vwsqy mwlvy vl cl pey[ ieh swry isMG gurU swihb dI Bwl ivc, p`tI qoN cl ky, mKU qy zIrw qoN huMdy hoey, dInw-kWgV jwx vwsqy mogw vl cly gey[ mogw dy nyVy aunHW ƒ pqw l`gw ik gurU jI dInw-kWgV qoN jw c`uky hn qy aus vyly rwmyAwxw qoN rUpwxw dy rsqy ivc sn[ ies mgroN ienHW cwlIAW ny rUpyAwxw vl mUMh kr ilAw[ rUpwxw ipMf dI rohI ivc (ij`Qy hux ipMf mlHx soFIAW hY) gurU jI qy ies jQy dw myl ho igAw[

kuJ icr mgroN Jbwl dy cODrI Bwg isMG JbwlIey dw gurU swihb nwl qkrwr ho igAwijs ’qy qYS ivc Aw ky Bwg isMG AwKx l`gw: jy qusIN ieM\ hI rihxw hY qW quhwfI-swfI inB nhIN skdI[ swQoN ieho ijhI is`KI nhIN inBxI[ joS qy aubwl ivc Awey, cODrI Bwg isMG ny kwZz ’qy bydwvw ilK id`qw qy hyTW Awpxy dsq^q kr id`qy[ ies mgroN idlbwg isMG, Grbwrw isMG, gMfw isMG ny vI dsq^q kr id`qy pr bwkI isMGW ny dsq^q nhIN kIqy[Ajy ieh g`lW cl hI rhIAW sn ik iek sUhIey is`K ny ^br ilAw id`qI ik srhMd dI &Oj ies ielwky dy nyVy hI Aw pu`jI hY[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny isMGW ƒ GoiVAW ’qy svwr ho ky A`gy kUc krn dw hukm id`qw[ gurU jI ny JbwlIAW dw bydwvw jybH ivc pwieAw Aqy swQI isMGW ƒ nwl lY ky auQoN cly gey[

gurU jI dy jwx mgroN mweI Bwg kOr, jo Bwg isMG qy idlbwg isMG dI v`fI BYx sI Aqy inDwn isMG vVYc dI Gr vwlI sI, ny ienHW nUM iJVikAw [ mweI dy bolW ny aus dy Brw Bwg isMG ƒ vI tuMb ilAw Aqy auh swry is`K guru jI qoN Bu`l b^Swaux vwsqy ausy pwsy vl cl pey ijDr gurU swihb gey sn[ cldy-cldy (rUpwxw qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) iKdrwxy dI Fwb dy kMFy ’qy pwxI pIx vwsqy ruky[ kuJ hI icr mgroN srhMd dI &Oj vI au~Qy Aw pu`jI[ is`KW nUM vyK ky muZl &Oj ny smiJAw ik gurU goibMd isMG vI ienHW ivc Swiml hn, ies kr ky aunHW ny aunHW ’qy iek dm hmlw kr id`qw[ vyKidAW-vyKidAW hI dohW pwisAW qoN golIAW Aqy qIrW dw mINh pYxw SurU ho igAw[ pOxy GMty (2 GVIAW) mgroN jdoN is`KW kol qIr qy golIAW muk geIAW qW aunHW ny ikrpwnW DUh leIAW Aqy duSmx dI &Oj ’qy tu`t pey[ dohIN qr&IN lohy nwl lohw KVikAw[ cwlHI is`KW Aqy mweI Bwgo ny srhMdI &Oj dI AijhI v`F-t`uk kIqI ik aunHW ƒ AlHw cyqy krvw id`qw[ ieh lVweI kw&I dyr q`k cldI rhI[ dohW iDrW ny koeI ksr nw C`fI[ A^Ir sYNkVy muZl ispwhIAW ƒ mwrn mgroN sulqwn isMG vVYc sxy swry dy swry isMG ShId ho gey[ iKdrwxy dI Fwb, mukqsr, dI lVweI dI hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: suMdr isMG J`lIAWvwlw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sumyr isMG, bwvw

sumyr isMG (17.8.1847 – 5.3.1903) auqr pRdyS dy izlHw AwzmgVH dy ksby inzwmwbwd dw vwsI bwvw swDU isMG dw pu`qr qy bwvw ikRpwl dXwl isMG dw poqw sI (auh Awpxy Awp nUM gurU Amr dws jI dI kul ivcoN dsdw sI)[ ies ny Kwlsw pMcwiskw, ‘Kwlsw Sqk’, sRI gurU cirqr drpx, ‘gurUpd pRym pRkwS’ (16 hzwr sqrW ivc gur ieiqhws) Awid ikqwbW dI rcnw kIqI[ Ssqr nwm mwlw dw lyKk vI ies nUM hI mMinAw jWdw hY[ inrmilAW v`loN iqAwr kIqw igAw gurU gRMQ swihb dw tIkw vI ies dI srprsqI hyT iqAwr kIqw igAw sI[ ieh kuJ icr ptnw dw gRMQI qy mhMq vI irhw sI[ jd Kym isMG bydI Awid ny isMG sBw AwgUAW gurmuK isMG Aqy igAwnI id`q isMG dy i^lw& jhwd KVHw kIqw qW ies ny Kym isMG bydI dw ft ky swQ id`qw sI[ aus ny gurU gRMQ swihb Aqy bicqr nwtk (AKOqI dsmgRMQ) dIAW bhuq swrIAW bIVW ie`kTIAW kIqIAW sn, ijnHW ivcoN bhuqIAW A`j vI inzwmwbwd ivc peIAW hoeIAW hn[ aus dI smwD inzwmwbwd ivc bxI hoeI hY (inzwmwbwd AwzmgVH qoN 25 iklomItr dUr Aqy rwxI kI srwey (rylvy jMkSn) qoN 8 iklomItr dUr hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suMdr Swh

kIrqpur dy sweIN bu`Fx Swh dw cylw, jo BweI ibDIcMd dw bhuq ipAwrw dosq sI[ ieh ssrWv Aqy dyaU ngr ivc Awpxy murIdW kol irhw krdw sI[ AwpxI aumr dy Aw^rI pVwA ivc ibDI cMd gurU hrgoibMd jI nUM C`f ky ies kol dyaU ngr clw igAw sI qy au~Qy rihx lg ipAw sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik dohW dI mOq ieko idn BwdoN sudI 3, sMmq 1695 (31 Agsq 1638) dy idn hoeI sI[ dyaU ngr ivc suMdr Swh dI kbr Aqy ibDIcMd dI smwD ie`ko QW bxIAW hoeIAW sn[ mgroN ibDIcMd dy Brw auDIcMd dy pu`qr lwlcMd ny dyau ngr qoN rwK ilAw ky iek smwD surisMG ipMf ivc vI bxw id`qI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suMdr isMG iBMfrWvwlw

suMdr isMG (18.8.1883 – 15.2.1930) puqr mihqwb isMG dw jnm ipMf iBMfr klW (izlHw &Irozpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny pihlI ividAw pMfq jvwlw dws (ipMf dwdn, luiDAwxw), Bgq rwm (hmIdI) qy dyvw isMG qoN hwisl kIqI[ 23 swl dI aumr ivc auh ibSn isMG murwlw kol clw igAw qy do swl au~Qy irhw[ ies mgroN suMdr isMG auqr pRdyS, ihmWcl, nYpwl qy d`KxI Bwrq dy ihMdU qIrQW ’qy GuMmdw irhw qy ihMdU gRMQW dw AiDAYn kIqw[ A^Ir auh pMjwb muV AwieAw[ aus ny bopwrwey klW, q^qupurw, lDweIky, ig`l, mlHw, GuVwnI Awid QWvW ’qy fyry kwiem kIqy[ aus dI mOq 47 swl dI aumr ivc bopwrey klW ivc hoeI sI[ aus dy jQy nUM iBMfrW jQw kihMdy sn (vyKo igAwnI mnI isMG ilKq ikqwb ‘nwm pdwrQ’)[ mgroN ies dy cyly gurbcn isMG dy iek cyly igAwnI krqwr isMG (mOq 1977) ny cOk mihqw ivc iek fyrw kwiem kr ilAw qy aus dw nW ‘iBMfrW-mihqw jQw’ r`K ilAw Aqy 1977 dy SurU ivc ies nUM dmdmI tkswl kihxw SurU kr id`qw Aqy ies nUM BweI mnI isMG qy iPr bwbw dIp isMG nwl joVn dI koiSS kIqI[ ieh sUrq isMG inrmlw, aus dy pu`qr igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw, aus dy pu`qr gurmuK isMG qy iek cyly drbwrw isMG nUM Awpxy jQy dy muKI mMndy hn[ ieh swry inrmly sn; ies kr ky ieh swibq huMdw hY ik ieh jQw inrmlw jQw hY[ is`KW ivc BulyKw KVHw krn vwsqy ienHW ny ^ud nUM dmdmI tkswl kihxw SurU kr id`qw; hwlW ik ienHW dI swrI mirAwdw inrmlw bRwhmxI mirAwdw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suMdr isMG J`lIAWvwlw

29 dsMbr 1705 dy idn mukqsr (audoN iKdrwxy dI Fwb) ’qy muZl &OjW nwl lVweI kr ky ShId hox vwly cwlHI isMGW ivcoN BweI suMdr isMG 38vW isMG sI[suMdr isMG BweI bUV isMG dw pu`qr sI[ ieh swrsuq bRwhmx pirvwr ivcoN sn[ 1705 ivc ienHW dw pirvwr ipMf J`lIAW vwlw (nyVy p`tI) ivc rihMdw sI[ 28 dsMbr 1705 dy idn p`tI qoN gurU goibMd isMG jI dy drSn krn vwsqy ijhVw 40 isMGW qy iek isMGxI dw jQw mwlvy v`l tuirAw sI aus ivc auh Awpxy ipqw bUV isMG dy nwl Swiml hoieAw sI[ ieh j`Qw Agly idn svyr vyly gurU jI ƒ ipMf rUpyAwxw dI jUh ivc (ij`Qy hux ipMf mlHn soFIAW hY) iml ipAW[ ie`Qy g`lW kridAW Bwg isMG JbwlIey dw gurU jI nwl qkrwr ijhw ho igAw[ ies mgroN joS ivc Aw ky Bwg isMG Aqy aus dy iqMn hor swQIAW ny gurU jI ƒ “bydwvw” ilK id`qw[ ausy vyly pqw l`gw ik srhMd dw nvwb v`fI &Oj ƒ lY ky aus pwsy v`l Aw irhw hY[ ies v`fI &Oj dw twkrw krn ƒ bysmJI jwx ky gurU jI au~QoN c`l pey Aqy jwx l`igAW auh “bydwvy” vwlw kwZz vI nwl lY gey[

gurU jI dy jwx ip`CoN Bwg kOr ny aunHW ƒ iJVk ky AwpxI Bu`l b^Swaux vwsqy ikhw[ ies ’qy swry cwlHI isMG gurU jI dI Bwl ivc c`l pey[iKdrwxy dI Fwb dy nyVy srhMd dI &Oj Aqy ienHW 40 isMGW ivckwr t`kr ho geI[ ienHW isMGW ny bhuq swry muZl ispwhI mwr ky ShIdI jwm pIqy[ Swm vyly q`k 37 isMG ShId ho cu`ky sn Aqy bwkI iqMn vI burI qrHW z^mI ho ky if`g cu`ky sn[ ienHW iqMnW ivc ieh suMdr isMG vI sI[

kuJ icr mgroN gurU jI vI au~Qy pu`j gey[ aunHW ny suMdr isMG dw mUMh pUMiJAw, aus ƒ pwxI ipAwieAw Aqy mrhm p`tI krn dI koiSS kIqI pr aus dy z^m eyny BwrI sn ik aus dw bcxw nwmumikn sI[ ies mgroN gurU swihb suMdr isMG qy dUjy dohW z^mIAW nwl g`lW krdy rhy[ A`DI rwq qoN pihlW hI suMdr isMG cVHweI kr igAw[ suMdr isMG dw sskwr gurU jI ny Awpxy h`QIN 30 dsMbr vwly idn ausy QW ’qy kIqw[ suMdr isMG dy nwl hI aus dw ipqw bUV isMG vI AwieAw hoieAw sI[ auh vI ies lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ ienHW swirAW dw sskwr iek`Tw hI kIqw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suMdr isMG lwielpurI

mstr suMdr isMG (4.4. 1885 – 5.1.1969) dw jnm BweI lKmIr isMG kMboj dy Gr ipMf bhoVU (AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN ieh prvwr c`k 18 bhoVU lwielpur (hux &Yslwbwd) clw igAw sI[ suMdr isMG Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc mwstr qwrw isMG dw klws &Ylo sI[ jd mwstr qwrw isMG lwielpur Kwlsw skUl dw hYfmwstr bixAw qW ies nUM sYkMf hYfmwstr bxwieAw igAw[ 21 meI 1920 dy idn jd ‘rozwnw AkwlI’ A^bwr SurU kIqI geI qW ies ny bhuq v`fw rol Adw kIqw[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI kwiem krn ivc vI aus dw bhuq v`fw rol sI[ gurduAwrw sudwr lihr ivc aus ny bhuq Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ aus dI pihlI igR&qwrI 26 nvMbr 1921 dy idn Ajnwlw ivc cwbIAW dw morcw dOrwn hoeI sI[ 1923 ivc aus nUM iPr igR&qwr kIqw igAw Aqy auh 1926 qk jylH ivc irhw[ Bwrq dI AwzwdI dI lihr ivc vI aus dw v`fw rol sI[

mwstr suMdr isMG isr& rozwnw AkwlI hI nhIN blik ‘gurU Kwlsw’ Aqy mgroN ‘dlyr Kwlsw’ A^bwrW dw moFI vI sI[ pr, ienHW dohW ivcoN keI vI A^bwr kwmXwb nw ho sikAw[ ies ny aus dw idl qoV id`qw Aqy auh bMbeI clw igAw qy au~Qy Awpxw vpwr SurU kr ilAw[ auh vpwr ivc vI nwkwmXwb irhw ijs nwl aus dI mwnisk hwlq ^rwb ho geI[ auh keI swl ies hwlq ivc irhw[ 1947 ivc auh ihswr Aw igAw qy pMjwb srkwr ny aus nUM kuJ pYnSn dyxI vI SurU kr id`qI[ ies nwl aus dw kuJ guzwrw clx lg ipAw[ A^Ir ies ZrIbI Aqy gumnwmI dI hwlq ivc auh cVHweI kr igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suMdr isMG mjIiTAw

suMdr isMG (17.2.1872 – 2.4.1941) dw jnm rwjw sUrq isMG dy Gr mjITw (AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus ny AYcIsn kwlj lwhOr qy srkwrI kwlj lwhOr qoN pVHweI kIqI[ pVHweI ^qm krn mgroN auh isMG sBw lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw[ 1894 ivc auh Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr dw sYktrI bixAw[ 1895 ivc auh Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr dI gvrinMg kONsl dw mYNbr bx igAw[ 1902 qoN 1912 qk auh ies dw sk`qr Aqy ies mgroN swrI aumr ies dw pRDwn irhw[ auh 1902 qoN 1920 Aqy iPr 1934 qoN 1937 qk cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dw vI sk`qr irhw[ 1932 ivc auh ies dw AYkitMg pRDwn vI irhw[ auh is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs dy moFIAW ivcoN vI sI[ aus ny 1911, 1924 Aqy 1935 ivc is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs dI pRDwngI vI kIqI[ auh mwisk Kwlsw AYfvokyt irswly dw moFI vI sI[ 1908 ivc auh pMjwb AYNf isMD bYNk dw pihlw cyArmYn bixAw[ 1909 ivc aus nUM vwiesrwey dI kONsl dw mYNbr vI bxw id`qw igAw[ AwnMd mYirj ibl BwvyN irpdumn isMG nwBw ny iqAwr krvwieAw sI pr ies nUM suMdr isMG dy vyly pws kiqw igAw sI[ 1911 ivc aus nuM srdwr bhwdr Aqy 1926 ivc sr dw i^qwb id`qw igAw sI[

jd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI bxI qW 16 nvMbr 1920 dy idn aus nUM pihlw pRDwn cuixAw igAw[ 1931 ivc is`KW ny aus dI AgvweI ivc 17 is`K mMgW dw cwrtr vwiesrwey nUM pyS kIqw, ijs nUM ik rwaUNf tybl kwn&rMs ivc r`iKAw jwxw sI[ 1936 ivc aus ny Kwlsw nYSnilst pwrtI bxw ky pMjwb AsYNblI dIAW coxW ivc ih`sw ilAw[ 1937 ivc aus nUM mwl mMqrI bxwieAw igAw[ 1941 ivc aus dI moq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suMdr isMG m^sUspurI (bbr)

nwnkwxw swihb dy swky, 200 is`KW dy vhSIAwxw kqlyAwm Aqy ies ivc srkwr dI SmUlIAq ny ij`Qy Awm is`KW ivc ros pYdw kIqw, au~Qy nOjvwnW, swbk ZdrI AwgUAW Aqy &OjIAW ivc zbrdsq roh vI pYdw kIqw[ hr pwsy crcw sI ik BwvyN zwhrw qOr qy nwnkwxw swihb dw kqlyAwm mhμq nrYx dws qy aus dy ikrwey dy guμifAW ny kIqw hY pr ies dI izμmydwrI imstr ikμg (cI& kimSnr lwhOr), imstr krI (fI. sI. lwhOr), imstr bOirμg (suprfYNt sI.AweI.fI.), krqwr isμG bydI, bsμq dws mwxk dI vI brwbr dI hY[ ies swky qoN mgroN kuJ KwVkU nOjvwn Awps ivc imly Aqy swky dy ienHW izμmydwr S^sW ƒ soDx (kql krn) dw mqw pws kIqw[ 1921 ivc is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs huiSAwrpur ivc 25 qoN 27 mwrc qk hoeI[ ies smyN ivc kuJ KwVkU is`K (ijnHW mgroN bbr AkwlI dl bxwieAw) imly qy aunHW ny rl ky KwVkU AYkSn krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies muihMm ivc mwstr moqw isMG, dlIp isμG (swDVw), ikSn isμG gVrwj (biVMg), qwrw isμG (TyTr), bylw isμG (GolIAw), qoqw isMG (ipSwvr), nrYx isμG (cwtIivμf), vqn isμG (knyfIAn) Swiml sn[

ies mgroN BweI ikSn isμG gVg`j ny m&rUr (ckrvrqI) rih ky ‘ckrvrqI jQw’ bxw ilAw[ ies jQy dw mksd pμQ doKIAW ƒ szw dyxw, twaUtW qy JolI cu`kW ƒ soDxw, AμgryzW dy i^lw& pRcwr krnw sI[ aunHIN idnIN BweI ikSn isμG qoN ielwvw BweI krm isμG dOlqpurI vI Aijhw hI iek vKrw jQw bxw ky kwrvweIAW kr rhy sn[ kuJ icr mgroN ies soc dy swry is`K iekTy ho gey qy aunHw ny sWJIAW kwrvweIAW krnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ aunHW ny iek ^u&IAw A^bwr vI SurU kr ilAw[ ies A^bwr dw AYfItr krm isμG dOlqpurI sI[ auh Awpxy nW nwl ‘bbr’ q^`lus iliKAw krdw sI[ hOlI-hOlI ienHW dy jQy dw nW ‘bbr AkwlI jQw’ mShUr ho igAw[ ies jQy dI A^bwr ‘gVg`j AkwlI’ ny bhuq swry KwVkUAW ƒ Awpxy nwl joV ilAw[ hOlI-hOlI ies jQy ivc bhuq swry nOjvwn Swiml ho gey[

bbr AkwlI lihr (1921-25) BwvyN QoVHw icr hI rhI pr iesy soc ny mgroN gVgj AkwlI jQw (ig: hrbμs isμG srhwlw klW ShId 1944) qy bbr Kwlsw (bwnI jQydwr qlivμdr isμG, ShId 15 AkqUbr 1992) Aqy 1984 qoN mgroN KwVkU jQybMdIAW ƒ jnm id`qw[

bbrW dy kys ivc 96 isμGW ƒ igR&qwr kr ky aunHW ’qy mukdmw clwieAw igAw[ kys dOrwn bbrW ny pYrvI krn qoN nWh kr id`qI[ blik ikSn isMG gVg`j ny qW Adwlq ivc ibAwn dy ky SryAwm AYkSn krnw kbUl kIqw Aqy ikhw ik ‘AsIN AMgryzI AdwlqW nUM nhIN mMndy Aqy Drm vwsqy jwnW dyx vwsqy hr vyly iqAwr hW[’

igR&qwr 96 bbrW ivcoN 5 pihloN hI brI kr idqy gey, swDw isMG pMforI in`JrW Aqy suMdr isMG hXwqpur muk`dmy dOrwn jylH ivc cVHweI kr gey qy bwkI 89 ivcoN 6 ƒ &WsI qy 49 ƒ v`K-v`K imAwd dIAW kYdW idqIAW geIAW[ 34 bbrW ’qy kys swibq nw ho sikAw qy auh C`fxy pey[(ienHW ivcoN suMdr isMG hXwqpur 13 dsMbr 1924 dy idn Aqy swDw isMG pMforI in`JrW 19 nvMbr 1924 dy idn jylH ’c cVHweI kr gey[ 28 &rvrI 1925 ƒ pμj bbrW ƒ &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ ieh pμj sn: ikSn isμG gVg`j, sμqw isμG inDVk DwmIAW, dlIp isμG BuJμgI DwmIAW, nμd isμG GuiVAwl qy krm isμG hrIpur[ mgroN hweI kort ny Drm isμG ihAwqpur ruVkI ƒ vI &WsI dI szw idqI[ (ienHW swirAW CyAW ƒ 27 &rvrI 1926 ƒ lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI dy idqI geI)[ hyT iliKAW ƒ aumr kYd hoeI: surjn isμG bIkw, Twkr isμG rwjovwl, dlIp isμG DwmIAW, ipAwrw isμG DwmIAW, suμdr isμG m^sUspur, krqwr isμG goNdpur, bUtw isμG pμforI in`JrW, hzwrw isμG mMfyr[

suMdr isMG mKsUspur pUrI kYd Bugqx mgroN ApRYl-meI 1938 ivc irhw hoieAw[ mgroN 1970 ivc aus ny ‘bbr AkwlI lihr’ ikqwb ilKI ijs ivc aus ny bbr lihr bwry bhuq kImqI jwxkwrI pyS kIqI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suMdru

suMdru AnMd dw pu`qr, mohrI dw poqw Aqy gurU Amr dws jI dw pVpoqw sI[ aus dI rcnw ‘sdu’ gurU gRMQ swihb ivc (s&w 923 ’qy rwmklI rwg ivc) Swiml hY[ s`d kivqw dI iek iksm hY[ ieh hyk lw ky gweI jWdI hY[ s`d dw mwAnw hY: s`dw jW s`dxw[ kvI suMdru dI rcnw gurU Amrdws swihb dy joqI-joq smwaux dw hwl pyS krdI hY[ ies ivc Cy Sbd hn[ ies ‘s`d’ ivc, gurU Amr dws swihb nUM r`b v`loN AweI ‘s`d’ (s`dy, bulwvy, Xwin mOq) ƒ drswieAw igAw hY[ ieh s`d hr iek jIv nUM AwauxI hY[ ieh rcnw swƒ dsdI hY ik jy kr swfw koeI ipAwrw/nyVlw s`jx/irSqydwr cVHweI kr jWdw hY qW swƒ aus smyN ikvyN ivhwr krnw cwhIdw hY:

jig dwqw soie, Bgiq vClu iqhu loie jIau] gur sbid smwvey, Avru n jwxY koie jIau] Avro n jwxih sbid gur kY, eyku nwmu iDAwvhy] prswid nwnk gurU AMgd, prm pdvI pwvhy] AwieAw hkwrw clxvwrw, hir rwmnwim smwieAw] jig Amru Atlu Aqolu Twkuru, Bgiq qy hir pwieAw]1] hir Bwxw gur BwieAw, guru jwvY hir pRB pwis jIau] siqguru kry hir pih bynqI, myrI pYj rKhu Ardwis jIau] pYj rwKhu hir jnh kyrI, hir dyhu nwmu inrMjno] AMiq clidAw hoie bylI, jmdUq kwlu inKMjno] siqgurU kI bynqI pweI, hir pRiB suxI Ardwis jIau] hir Dwir ikrpw siqguru imlwieAw, Dnu Dnu khY swbwis jIau]2] myry isK suxhu puq BweIho, myrY hir Bwxw Awau mY pwis jIau ] hir Bwxw gur BwieAw, myrw hir pRBu kry swbwis jIau] Bgqu siqguru purKu soeI, ijsu hir pRB Bwxw Bwvey] Awnμd Anhd vjih vwjy, hir Awip gil mylwvey] qusI puq BweI prvwru myrw, min vyKhu kir inrjwis jIau] Duir iliKAw prvwxw iPrY nwhI, guru jwie hir pRB pwis jIau ]3] siqguir, BwxY AwpxY, bih prvwru sdwieAw] mq mY ipCY koeI rovsI, so mY mUil n BwieAw] imqu pYJY, imqu ibgsY, ijsu imq kI pYj Bwvey] qusI vIcwir dyKhu puq BweI, hir siqgurU pYnwvey] siqgurU prqiK hodY, bih rwju Awip itkwieAw] siB isK bMDp puq BweI, rwmdws pYrI pwieAw]4] AMqy siqguru boilAw, mY ipCY kIrqnu kirAhu inrbwxu jIau] kyso gopwl pMifq sidAhu, hir hir kQw pVih purwxu jIau] hir kQw pVIAY, hir nwmu suxIAY, bybwxu, hir rMgu gur Bwvey] ipMfu pqil ikirAw dIvw Pul, hir sir pwvey] hir BwieAw siqguru boilAw, hir imilAw purKu sujwxu jIau] rwmdws soFI iqlku dIAw, gur sbdu scu nIswxu jIau]5] siqguru purKu ij boilAw, gurisKw mMin leI rjwie jIau] mohrI puqu snmuKu hoieAw, rwmdwsY pYrI pwie jIau ] sB pvY pYrI siqgurU kyrI, ijQY gurU Awpu riKAw] koeI kir bKIlI invY nwhI, iPir siqgurU Awix invwieAw] hir gurih Bwxw dIeI vifAweI, Duir iliKAw lyKu rjwie jIau] khY suMdru suxhu sMqhu, sBu jgqu pYrI pwie jIau]6]1]

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suDr sYn

BweI bwlw dI jnmswKI dI iek swKI muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn 1510 ivc krnPu`lI dirAw qoN 20 iklomItr dUr ictwgWg (hux bMglwdyS dw iek Aihm ngr, Fwkw qoN qkrIbn 240 iklomItr dUr) ivcoN lMGy sn[ swKI muqwibk ie`QoN dw rwjw suDr sYn, aus dw BqIjw ieMdr sYn Aqy JMfw bwfI (iek qrKwx) gurU jI dy is`K bxy sn[ bwlw jnmswKI ivc iqMn swKIAW hn ijnHW ivc suDr sYn, ieMdr sYn Aqy mDrbYn dw izkr hY[ pr, ieh kwlpink g`l hY[ 1510 ivc jd gurU nwnk swihb ies ielwky ivcoN lMGy sn qW eyQy muslmwnW dw rwj kwiem hoey nUM qkrIbn fyF sO swl ho cuky sn[ pr, ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik gurU jI ictwgWg gey zrUr sn[

ictwgWg ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc cOk bwzwr ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dI pihlI iemwrq 1740-50 ivc mohn isMG (ictwgWg dy nvwb AlI vrdI ^wn dw dIvwn) ny bxvweI sI[ hux gurduAwry dw ieMqzwm iek kmytI krdI hY, ijs dw cyArmYn izlHw j`j huMdw hY.

gurduAwrw ictwgWg, bMglw dyS

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suMdr kOr, mwqw

mwqw suMdrI (KMfy dI pwhl mgroN suMdr kOr) dw jnm lwhOr vwsI BweI rwm srn kumrwE dy Gr hoieAw sI[ aus dI SwdI gurU goibMd isMG jI nwl 4 ApRYl 1684 dy idn hoeI sI[ gurU jI dw pihlw ivAwh lwhOr vwsI hrjs suiB`KI dI bytI jIqo nwl 21 jUn 1677 dy idn hoieAw sI[mwqw jIqo lwhOr vrgy v`fy Sihr ivc jMmI, plI qy v`fI hoeI sI[ au~Qy aus dIAW bcpx dIAW swQxW qy irSqydwr sn[ ivAwh mgroN auh iek in`ky ijhy ipMf „c`k nwnkI‟ ivc Aw vsI sI ij`Qy auh Awpxy Awp nUM iek`lI mihsUs krdI sI[ BwvyN hzwrW sMgqW au~Qy AwauNdIAW sn pr auh swry gurU swihb dy drSnW vwsqy AwauNdy sn, aunHW dw mwqw jIqo nwl koeI rwbqw nhIN sI huMdw[ ies iek`lpx kwrn auh bImwr rihx lg peI[ A^Ir jd s`q-ku swl bIq gey qy auh TIk nw ho skI qW aus ny gurU swihb nUM mjbUr kr ky dUjw ivAwh krn vwsqy zor pwieAw[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw dUjw ivAwh ies (mwqw) suMdrI nwl hoieAw sI[ 1685 ivc gurU swihb pwauNtw cly gey[ au~Qy suMdr kOr ny 26 jnvrI 1686 dy idn swihbzwdw AjIq isMG nUM jnm id`qw[ b`cy nUM jnm dyx mgroN mwqw suMdrI bImwr pY geI[ swihbzwdw AjIq isMG nUM mwqw jIqo ny sMBwlxw SurU kr id`qw[ hOlI hOlI AjIq isMG vDyry mwqw jIqo dI godI ivc hI rihx lg ipAw[ ies bwl nwl Kyfx kwrn mwqw jIqo hOlI-hOlI TIk hox lg peI[ dUjy pwsy mwqw suMdrI dI bImwrI lmk geI[ mwqw jIqo TIk hox mgroN swry kMm ivc pUrI idlcspI lYx lg peI[ ies mgroN mwqw jIqo ny iqMn b`icAW nUM jnm id`qw[ auh mwqw suMdrI dI syvw vI krdI rhI[1698 ivc Aijhw smW vI Aw igAw ik mwqw jIqo iPr bImwr pY geI[ hux mwqw suMdrI qy mwqw jIqo dovyN bImwr sn qy mwqw gujrI bhuq bzurg sn[ ies hwlq ivc Gr dw ieMqzwm muSikl ho igAw sI[ ienHW idnW ivc rohqws qoN swihb dyvW dw prvwr au~Qy pu`jw[ aunHW ny gurU swihb nUM swihb dyvW nwl ivAwh krn vwsqy Arz kIqI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik hux mYN gRihsq Bog cukw hW qy hor ies qoN A`gy nhIN clxw cwhuMdw[ ies ‟qy swihb dyvW ny ikhw ik myry nwl SwdI kr lE, mYN qW isr& cOhW swihbzwidAW, quhwfIAW dohW bImwr pqnIAW Aqy mwqw gujrI jI dI syvw kirAw krWgI[ ies sUrq ivc gurU swihb ny swihb dyvW nwl ivAwh kr ilAw[

mwqw suMdr kOr dy byty AjIq isMG dw ivAwh bIbI qwrw kOr (puqrI burhwnpur vwsI BweI jyTw isMG) nwl 15 jnvrI 1705 ƒ hoieAw[ ies sbMDI B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ izkr imldw hY: “AjIq isMG bytw gurU goibMd isMG mhl dsmyN kw, poqw gurU qyZ bhwdr jI kw, pVpoqw gurU hirgoibMd jI kw…bMs gurU Arjn jI kI, sUrjbMsI gosl goqrw, soFI KqrI, bwsI AnMdpur prgnw kihlUr, kw ivvwh, qwrw bweI bytI jyTw isMG sy, swl sqrW sY iekwht mwG sudI eykm ky idvs, iklw AnMdgF myN hUAw[ gurU kI kVwhI kI…[” (B`t vhI pUrbI d`KxI)[” {iesy B`t vhI ivc swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dy Gr, 9 dsMbr 1705 dy idn Awgrw Sihr ivc, iek bytw hox dw izkr vI imldw hY[ {hTI isMG dI mOq aus dy nwnky ngr burhwnpur (m`D pRdyS) ivc hoeI sI[ gurduAwrw bVI sMgq dy ip`Cly ihsy ivc qwrw kOr qy hTI isMG dIAW smwDW bxIAW hoeIAW hn}[ swihbzwdw AjIq isMG 7 idsMbr 1705 dy idn cmkOr ivc ShId ho igAw sI}[

1688 qoN 1705 qk mwqw suMdr kOr AnMdpur swihb ivc hI rhy sn[ AkqUbr 1700 ivc iqMn kU h&qy auh inrmohgVH Aqy bswlI ivc vI rhy sn[ ies mgroN auh iPr AnMdpur swihb muV Awey sn[ 13 mwrc 1705 dy idn Ajmyr cMd ny hMfUrI &OjW ƒ nwl lY ky AnMdpur swihb ‟qy iek vwr Pyr hmlw kr id`qw[ ieh lVweI do idn c`lI[ Ajmyr cMd ies vwr Pyr hwr igAw[ ies vkq qk gurU swihb ƒ pqw l`g cukw sI ik Ajmyr cMd ny hMfUr qy hor phwVI rwijAW ƒ nwl imlw ky, srhMd dy &Ojdwr dI mdd nwl iek v`fy hmly dI iqAwrI kr irhw hY[ ies mOky ‟qy iek v`fI qy lMbI jMg hox dy Awswr sn[ ies kr ky gurU swihb ny 29 mwrc 1705 dy idn AnMdpur swihb ‟c rih rhy swry isMGW dw iek`T bulwieAw Aqy aunHW ƒ AwiKAw ik swry gRihsqI isMG Awpxy prvwrW ƒ lY ky Awpo-Awpxy vqnW ƒ cly jwx[ dohW mwqwvW ƒ vI BweI jyTw isMG qy bIbI qwrw kOr dy nwl burwhnpur v`l tor id`qw igAw (mwqwvW nUM BweI mnI isMG dy nwl Byjx dI Zlq khwxI mgroN pRclq hoeI sI)[ kuJ smW BweI SrDw isMG gulwtI dy Gr Awgrw ivc rihx mgroN mwqw suMdr kOr, mwqw swihb kOr, bIbI qwrw kOr Aqy hTI isMG id`lI Aw gey Aqy muh`lw idlvwlI ivc rihx lg pey[ 16 jnvrI 1706 dy idn gurU goibMd isMG qlvMfI swbo pu`jy qy mwqwvW nUM ies dI ieqlwh Byj id`qI[ &rvrI 1706 ivc mwqw suMdr kOr qy mwqw swihb kOr qlvMfI swbo pu`jy (b`cw Cotw hox kr ky bIbI qwrw kOr id`lI ivc hI rhI)[ 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn jd gurU jI d`Kn v`l cly qW dovyN mwqwvW BweI f`lw isMG dy Brw m`lw isMG qy godVIAw isMG dy nwl id`lI nUM vwips clIAW geIAW[ kuJ smW mgroN mgroN suMdr kor AwpxI nUMh qwrw kOr Aqy poqy nUM lY ky qwrw kOr dy ipqw kol burhwnpur clI geI[

jd gurU jI muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh nwl d`Kx nUM gey qw auh rsqy ivc meI 1708 ivc burhwnpur vI ruky[ ie`Qy aunHW dw myl mwqw suMdr kOr, bIbI qwrw kOr Aqy Awpxy poqy hTI isMG nwl hoieAw[ jd gurU jI nMdyV ivc joqI-joiq smwey qW mwqw suMdr kOr nMdyV pu`jy[ ies mgroN Awp burhwnpur muV Awey qy kuJ icr Awpxy kuVmW kol rihx mgroN pihlW mQrw qy iPr id`lI cly gey[ id`lI ivc auh kUcw idlvwlI ivc (qurkmwn drvwzy qoN bwhr) ivc rhy sI[ ies smyN ivc mwqw jI dw muKI is`KW nwl rwbqw bixAw irhw[ aunHW dIAW 12 AkqUbr 1717 qoN 10 Agsq 1730 ivckwr ilKIAW kuJ ic`TIAW imldIAW hn (ho skdw hY ik ienHW ivcoN kuJ jW swrIAW hI JUTIAW hox)[ mwqw suMdrI dI mOq id`lI ivc 1747 ivc hoeI sI[ ie`Qy aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek kwlj bixAw hoieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

surYx isMG (Zdr pwrtI) (1)

BweI surYx isMG dw jnm BweI bUV isMG dy Gr ipMf iglvwlI (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jd au~Qy Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI qW auh ies dw srgrm kwrkuMn bx igAw[ Zdr dw v`fw AYkSn 21 &rvrI 1915 dy idn SurU hoxw sI, pr srkwrI mu^br ikrpwl isMG kwrn ies nUM iek idn AgwaUN krn dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ ikrpwl isMG nUM ies dw pqw lg igAw qW aus ny puls nUM ^br kr id`qI ijs nwl bhuq swry vrkr PVy gey[ surYx isMG nUM pihly lwhOr swizS kys ivc cwrj kIqw igAw sI qy &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ aus nUM 16 nvMbr 1915 dy idn lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI ’qy ltkwieAw igAw sI.

surYx isMG (Zdr pwrtI) (2)

BweI surYx isMG dw jnm BweI eISr isMG dy Gr ipMf iglvwlI (izlHw AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jd au~Qy Zdr pwrtI kwiem hoeI qW auh ies dw srgrm kwrkuMn bx igAw[ surYx isMG nUM pihly lwhOr swizS kys ivc cwrj kIqw igAw sI qy &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI[ aus nUM 16 nvMbr 1915 dy idn lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI ’qy ltkwieAw igAw sI.

(qsvIrW: iglvwlI dy dovyN surYx isMG):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sUrq isMG rwTOr

BweI sUrq isMG BweI kyvl isMG dw bytw, BweI AwVU dw poqw Aqy BweI jgnw dw pVpoqw sI[ auh rwTOr rwjpUq ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ aunHW idnW ivc auh ipMf soDrw (izlHw vzIrwbwd, pwiksqwn) ivc rihMdw sI[ aus dw prvwr keI pIVHIAW qoN gurU swihbwn dw bVw SrDwlU sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny &Oj bxweI qW ienHW prvwrW ivcoN bhuq swry nOjvwn &Oj ivc Swiml hoey[ BweI sUrq isMG dw v`fw Brw eISr isMG 29 Agsq 1700 dy idn qwrwgVH ivc ShId ho cu`kw sI[ 8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn jdoN iblwspur dy rwjw Ajmyr cMd ny v`fI &Oj lY ky inrmohgVH „qy hmlw kr id`qw qW sUrq isMG ny hor swQI isMGW nwl rl ky phwVI &OjW dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw sI[ ies mOky ‟qy bVI gih-g`c lVweI hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc sUrq isMG sB qoN A`gy ho ky lVweI krdw irhw sI[ aus ny h`Qo-h`Q lVweI ivc bhuq swry phwVI &OjIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw Aqy A^Ir Awp vI ShId ho igAw[sUrq isMG dI ShIdI sbMDI B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ivc ieM\ izkr AwauNdw hY:“…..sUrq isMG bytw kyvl kw poqw AwVU kw…..qumr ibMjlauNq, dyvw isMG bytw qygy kw poqw suKy kw audwnw……swl sqrW sY sqvMjw kwriqk pRivSty sqmIN mMglvwr ky idhuM inrmohgVH ky mlHwn, prgnw kihlUr kI jMg myN swmHy mwQy jUJ kr mry[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw puAwr jlHwnoN kw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 sUrdws

1. ies dw Asl nW mdnmohn sI[ ies nUM sUrdws vI kihMdy sn[ ies dw jnm 1529 ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh keI zbwnW dw ivdvwn sI[ muZl bwdSwh Akbr ny ies vwr ies nUM iek inkI jhI irAwsq sMdIlw dw nwzm vI lw id`qw sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ieh bhuqI dyr ies nOkrI ‟qy nw itk sikAw Aqy sB kuJ C`f ky ivrkq ho igAw sI[ iek hor irvwieq muqwibk Zbn krn kr ky bwdSwh ny ies nUM htw id`qw sI[ ies dI mOq Br jvwnI ivc 1563 ivc bnwrs ivc hoeI sI.

2. iek mShUr kvI ijs dw jnm 1478 Aqy 1483 ivckwr, mQrw dy nyVy, virMdwvx (ibMdrwbx) ipMf ivc hoieAw sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk v`fw ho ky ieh v`lBwcwrX dw cylw bixAw[ iek irvwieq muqwibk auh AMnHw sI[ ies ny ibRj BwSw ivc bhuq swrIAW kivqwvW ilKIAW; ies dIAW ilKqW „sUr swgr‟, „sUr srwvlI‟ „swihq lihrI‟ „nl dmXMqI‟ ikqwbW ivc sMpwidq hoeIAW imldIAW hn[aus dIAW kivqwvW dw muK ivSw ikRSn lIlw Aqy pRym BgqI hY[ ies dI mOq aus dy ipMf ivc hI 1561 qy 1584 dy ivckwr hoeI sI

gurU gRMQ swihb dy mOjUdw (Cpy hoey) srUpW ivc, swrMg rwg ivc (“swrMg mhlw 5 sUrdws” isrlyK hyT, s&w 1253 ‟qy), aus dI kivqw dI iek quk (Cwif mn hir ibmuKn ko sMgu) imldI hY, ijs dy hyTW gurU Arjn swihb dw slok hY[ ies bwry do irvwieqW hn: pihlI ieh ik gurU jI ny aus dI iek quk dw jvwb id`qw hY (qy aus nUM sMboDn ho ky Sbd iliKAw hY); dUjI irvwieq muqwibk sUrdws dI kivqw ‟qy guru jI ny hVqwl Pyr id`qI sI (k`t id`qI sI) pr ieh iek quk iksy bIV ivc ZlqI nwl Swiml hoeI qy bwAd ivc kwiem rih geI[ ies ivcwr mqwibk kuJ bIVW ivc aus dI pUrI kivqw mOjUd hY, jo gurU jI qoN mgroN cVHweI geI lgdI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sUrI cODrI

BweI sUrI cODrI gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ BweI gurdws aunHW nUM gurU swihb dy snmuK rihx vwly muKI is`KW ivc igxdy hn: “inrmlu nwno EhrI, nwil sUrI cauDrI rhMdw” (vwr 11, pauVI 23).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

suirMdr isMG soFI

BweI suirMdr isMG soFI (1962-12.4.1984) dw jnm jQydwr dljIq isMG dy Gr, mwqw nirMdr kOr dI ku`K qoN, ipMf bulHovwl (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ bcpn ivc hI aus dy mwqw ipqw cVHweI kr gey sn ies kr ky aus dw pwlx-poSn aus dI dwdI ny kIqw sI[ ieh prvwr AKMf kIrqnI jQw nwl sbMD rKdw sI ies kr ky auh bcpn ivc rYxsbweI kIrqn ivc Swiml huMdw rihMdw sI[ BwvyN auh pVHweI ivc bhuqw huiSAwr nhIN sI pr auh dlyrI Bry kwrnwimAW kr ky bhuq mShUr ho cukw sI[ auh h`Q C`f ky, A`KW ’qy p`tI bMnH ky Aqy KVHy ho ky vI motr sweIkl clw lYNdw sI qy motr sweIkl ’qy keI stMt kr ilAw krdw sI[ pr ies dOrwn aus dI izMdgI ivc iek moV AwieAw[ auh hrIAW vylW dy bwbw inhwl isMG dw bwfI gwrf bx igAw[ ie`Qy auh AKMf pwT vI krn lg ipAw[ ies dOrwn aus dw myl igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw nwl vI hoieAw[ auh FweI swl hrIAW vylW ivc irhw[ Gr Awaux mgroN iek idn aus dw JgVw inrMkwrIAW dy iek toly nwl ho igAw; pr, BwvyN auh iek`lw sI aus ny aunHW qyrHW inrMkwrIAW dI ^Ub ku`t-mwr kIqI[ aunHW ny ies au~qy d&w 324-25-26 dw muk`dmw drj krvw id`qw[ Qwnydwr jgdIS rwxw ny aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ies dOrwn aus Qwnydwr nUM iBMfrWvwilAW dw &on Aw igAw qy aus ny fridAW soFI nUM C`f id`qw[ soFI ausy vyly motr sweIkl Bjw ky cOk mihqw phuMc igAw[ ip`CON Qwnydwr ny soFI dy pulIs dI ihrwsq ivcoN &rwr hox dI ^br PYlw id`qI[ ies mgroN auh iBMfrWvwilAW dw swQI bx igAw[ iek vwr auh nYpwl dI srh`d qoN Aslw ilAw irhw sI qW sonIpq (hirAwxw) dI pulIs ny aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ iesy dOrwn aus nUM nsrwlw (izlHw huiSAwrpur) kol rylvy lweInW nUM nukswn phuMcwaux dy kys ivc Dr ilAw igAw; ies kr ky aus nUM hirAwxw qoN huiSAwrpur ilAWdw igAw[ ieh g`l 28 sqMbr 1981 dI hY[ huiSAwrpur dy AsY.AYs.pI. Avqwr Atvwl ny aus ’qy bhuq qS`dd kIqw[ huiSAwrpur jylH ivc aus dI iek kYdI nwl lVweI mgroN aus nUM jlMDr jylH ivc qbdIl kr id`qw igAw[ iek swl mgroN auh zmwnq ’qy irhw hoieAw[ ies mgroN auh KwVkU kwrvweIAW ivc Swiml ho igAw[ aus ny muV Adwlq ivc pyS nw hox dw &Yslw kIqw[ aus dI zmwnq zbq ho geI[ 27 AkqUbr 1982 dy idn aus ny inrMkwrIAW dy ‘s`q isqwirAW’ ivcoN iek rOSn isqwrw dw kql kIqw[ 28 julweI 1983 dy idn aus ny iek hor sInIAr inrMkwrI, jo ^ud nUM ‘mhWpurS kulqwrw’ AKvwauNdw sI, dw kql kIqw[ 26 sqMbr 1982 dy idn aus ny BweI kulvMq isMG nwgoky nUM nklI mukwbly ivc mwrn vwilAW ivc Swiml m`Kx nW dy iek hvwldwr dw kql kIqw[ ies kys dy muK mujirm fI.AYs.pI. bcn (gurbcn) isMG ’qy vI 29 AkqUbr 1983 dy idn hmlw kIqw pr aus dy gMnmYn ny mukwblw kIqw qy eyny ivc bcn isMG B`j ky luk igAw (mgroN 30 ApRYl dy idn auh vI kql ho igAw sI)[ ies mukwbly ivc soFI dy gofy ’qy golI l`gI sI[ 2 ApRYl 1984 dy idn jd jnrl lwB isMG ny Bwjpw dy i&rkwpRsq AYm.AYl.ey. hrbMs lwl KMnw (ijs ny 11 is`K mrvwey sn) nUM aus dI dukwn ivc kql kIqw igAw qW motr sweIkl iehI clw irhw sI[ pulIs nUM suirMdr isMG soFI bhuq cuBdw sI qy auh aus nUM mrvwauxw cwhuMdy sn pr aunHW dw vs nhIN cl irhw sI[ A^Ir aunHW ny AkwlI dl dy sk`qr gurcrn isMG (jo hrcMd isMG lONgovwl dw ^ws-aul-^ws sI) nwl swizS bxw ky iek mujirm suirMdr iSMdw qy aus dI mwSUk bljIq rwhIN 14 ApRYl 1984 dy idn suirMdr isMG soFI nUM mwlk isMG BwtIAw dy isMDI rYstorYNt ivc bulw ky DoKy nwl kql krvw id`qw[

soFI dy kql ’qy iBMfrWvwlw ny AYlwn kIqw ik soFI myrI s`jI bWh sI; aus dy kql ivc Swiml hr iek S^s nUM lwzmI szw id`qI jweygI[ soFI ’qy golI clwaux vwly suirMdr iSMdy nUM ausy rwq 11 vjy kql kr id`qw igAw[ ies qoN kuJ GMty mgroN bljIq vI mwrI geI[ qocI nUM Agly idn 15 ApRYl nUM Aqy hotl dy mwilkW brijμdr isMG qy mwlk isMG BwtIAw nUM 16 ApRYl dy idn kql kr id`qw igAw[ soFI dy kql dy iek Aihm mujirm gurcrn isμG sk`qr ƒ AkwlIAW ny (hrcMd isMG lONgovwl dy kmry ivc) ih&wzq dy ky sμBwlI r`iKAw[ pr auh vI do mhIny qoN pihlW-pihlW (jUn 1984 ivc drbwr swihb ’qy hmly dOrwn BwrqI &Oj dy h`QoN) mwirAw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)