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Arjn isMG kwmwgwtwmwrU

BweI Arjn isMG kwmwgwtw mwrU jhwz dw iek muswi&r sI[ 1914 ivc knyfw srkwr ny iek nvW kwnUMn pws kIqw sI ik isr& is`Dy knyfw pu`jx vwly muswi&rW nUM hI knyfw ivc auqrn Aqy rihx dI iejwzq imlygI[ ies msly nUM h`l krn vwsqy guridq isMG srhwlI (AMimRqsr) ny iek jpwnI smuMdrI jhwz kwmwgwtwmwrU nW dw ikrwey ’qy lY ilAw qW jo kwnUMnI AiV`cx nUM dUr kIqw jw sky[ ieh jhwz 29 mwrc 1914 ƒ is`Dy kYnyfw phuμcxw sI[ pr rsqy ivc dyr hox kwrn ieh jhwz 22 meI 1914 ƒ vYnkUvr phuμicAw[ kYnyfw dy nslI hwkmW ny ieM\ is`Dy pu`jy muswi&rW ƒ vI auqrn dI iezwzq nw id`qI[ kw&I lMbI jdojihd mgroN vI jdoN iezwzq nw imlI qW is`K vI ft gey[ kYnyfw dy hwkmW ny jhwz ’qy &wieirMg krn dI DmkI id`qI[ ies dy jvwb ivc kYnyfw dI is`K sμgq ny 21 julweI 1914 ƒ vYnkUvr dy gurduAwry ivc iek iek`T kIqw qy mqw pws kIqw ik jy kr jhwz ’qy golI clweI geI qW is`K vYnkUvr Sihr ƒ swV ky suAwh kr dyxgy[

is`KW dy ies AYlwnnwmy ’qy srkwr fr geI[ hux srkwr ny is`K AwgUAW nwl muV ky g`lbwq kIqI[ jhwz ivcly is`K vI iek hor nvyN bxy kwnUMn dI cwlwkI dy i^lw& t`kr lYx dI bjwey vwips pMjwb muVn vwsqy rwzI ho gey[ knyfw srkwr ny vI jhwz ƒ qyl qy Kwx pIx dw smwn lYx dI iezwzq dy id`qI[ A^Ir 23 julweI ƒ jhwz klk`qy nUM vwips muV ipAw[ do mhIny dy s&r mgroN jhwz 26 sqμbr 1914 ƒ iklpI phuμicAw[ au~Qy ies dI pUrI qlwSI leI geI[ 29 sqμbr ƒ svyry 11 vjy jhwz klk`qw qoN 7 iklomItr dUr bjbj Gwt ivKy p`uijAw[

ie`Qy ieh izkr kr dyxw zrUrI hY ik jdoN jhwz kYnyfw qoN klk`qw dy rwh ivc hI sI qW AMgryz srkwr ny do nvyN AwrfInYNs jwrI kr id`qy sn[ pihlw AwrfInYNs ‘gYr mulkI AwrfInYNs’ 29 Agsq 1914 ƒ jwrI hoieAw sI qy dUjw ‘iengrY`s ieMtU ieMfIAw AwrfInYNs’ kuJ idn mgroN[ ienHW dohW AwrfInYNsz hyT Bwrq ivc dwi^l hox vwly iksy vI SKS ƒ ibnW vjh d`sy ihrwsq ivc ilAw jw skdw sI[

29 sqμbr 1914 ƒ jdoN kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz bjbj Gwt phuμicAw qW iek spYSl g`fI muswi&rW ƒ au~QoN pMjwb iljwx vwsqy A`gy KVI sI[ muswi&rW ny ies ivc bYTx qoN nWh kr id`qI Aqy auh gurU grμQ swihb dI AgvweI ivc klk`qw dy bVw bwzwr vwly gurduAwry vl jlUs bxw ky tur pey[ ies ’qy puils ny muswi&rW ’qy golI clw id`qI[ ies &wieirMg ivc 18 muswi&r mwry gey[ mwry jwx vwilAW ivc BweI Arjn isMG pu`qr BweI l`Kw isMG, vwsI ipMf FuMfy (izlHw jlMDr) vI sI[ mgroN puils ny bwkI muswi&rW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ies dOrwn bwbw gurid`q isMG sxy 30 is`K &rwr hox ivc kwmXwb ho gey.

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Arjn isMG nlvw

Arjn isMG nlvw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy jrnYl hrI isMG nlvw dy cwrW pu`qrW (pRqwp isMG, jvwhr isMG, gurid`q isMG, Arjn isMG) ivcoN sB qoN Cotw sI[ auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy poqy nOinhwl isMG dw dosq vI sI[ hrI isMG nlvw dI mOq mgroNN cOhW pu`qrW ivc jwgIr Aqy dOlq dI vMf vwsqy JgVw hoieAw[ pRqwp isMG Aqy Arjn isMG srdwrnI dysW kOr dy b`cy sn; Aqy, jvwhr isMG qy gurid`q isMG srdwrnI rwj kOr dy b`cy sn[ pRqwp isMG Aqy Arjn isMG ny hrI isMG nlvw dy gujrWvwly dy ^UbsUrq bMgly ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[jvwhr isMG qy gurid`q isMG ny gujrWvwlw Sihq dw kMtrol Awpxy h`QW ivc lY ilAw[ jd ieh ^br rxjIq isMG qk pu`jI qW aus ny nlvw dI swrI jwiedwd (12 ksby Aqy ipMf: gujrWvwlw, hrIpur hzwrw, pKwlI, Dmqor, ^wnpur, kolrw, k`CI, bMnU, klrkhwr, nUrpur, im`Tw itvwxw, iclwXwr) zbq kr leI (ies dw kul mwmlw 8 l`K 53 hzwr rupY swlwnw sI) Aqy ies dy bdly pRqwp isMG nUM 5400 rupY, jvwhr isMG nUM 5500, gurid`q isMG nUM 2200 Aqy Arjn isMG nUM 6500 rupY swlwnw pYnSn lw id`qI[ rxjIq ismG ny gujrWvwlw ksbw pMfq bylI rwm imsr (imSrw) Aqy hrIpur hzwrw pMfq qyj rwm (qyhw isMh) nUM sONp id`qw[ julweI 1840 ivc Arjn isMG nlvw ny Awpxy iek mulwzm nUM mwr id`qw[ ies ’qy aus dI pqnI aus dI icKw ivc hI sqI ho geI[ aus vyly nOinhwl isMG rwjw sI; aus ny jvwhr isMG nUM 10 hzwr rupY jurmwnw kIqw[ AMgryzW nwl lVweIAW ivc aus ny is`K &OjW dw swQ id`qw[ auh cyilAWvwlw dI lVweI ivc bVI bhwdrI nwl liVAw[ pr gujrwq dI lVweI ivc AtwrIvwlw jrnYlW dI hwr mgroN AMgryz aus dy ip`Cy pY gey[ AkqUbr 1848 ivc brgyfIAr kYNpbY~l ny gurjWvwlw iklHy ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ Arjn isMG iklHy ivcoN bc ky inkl igAw pr ies qoN CyqI mgroN hI aus dI mOq ho geI.

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Arjn isMG vDwvx

BweI Arjn isMG qy hkIkq isMG (is`KI ivc Swiml hox qoN pihloN hkIkq rwey) ƒ 18 jnvrI 1735 dy idn ShId kIqw igAw sI[ Arjn isMG hkIkq isMG dw skw mwmw sI[ hkIkq isMG bwG m`l dy pu`qr qy nMd lwl purI dw poqw sI [ ieh pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`KI nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ieh pirvwr gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly qoN is`K pMQ ivc Swiml sI[ mwrc 1660 dy Aw^rI h&qy gurU hir rwie swihb jdoN isAwlkot gey sn qW Awp kuJ idn nMd lwl purI dy Gr Tihry sn[ ies mOky ’qy nMd lwl, aus dy byitAW (Bwg m`l, bwG m`l) Aqy bytI (BwgvMqI) ny gurU swihb dI qih-idloN syvw kIqI sI[ ies mgroN vI ieh pirvwr is`K pMQ dI syvw krdw irhw sI[ hkIkq isMG dI mwqw bIbI gOrW dw pykw pirvwr vI gurU Gr dw swidk sI [ aus dy ies Brw Arjn isMG ny KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI hoeI sI[

iek vwrI hkIkq isMG ƒ kuJ muslmwn muMifAW ny mzwk kridAW ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW au~qy kuJ mwVy bol bol id`qy[ aunHW ƒ hkIkq isMG ny AwiKAw ik mYN is`K hox dy nwqy dyvI dyviqAW ’qy XkIn nhIN r`Kdw pr iksy dy Drm dw mzwk nhIN aufwauxw cwhIdw[ Blky ƒ jy koeI hzrq muhMmd swihb dI bytI Pwiqmw bwry koeI g`l AwKy qW quhwƒ vI qW burw l`gygw[ hkIkq isMG v`loN &wiqmw dw izkr sux ky muMifAW ny aus dy i^lw& JUTI iSkwieq kr id`qI ik aus ny &wiqmw bwry bury l&z AwKy sn[ ies ’qy aus ƒ qy aus dy mwmy Arjn isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr iljw ky zkrIAw Kwn (sUbydwr lwhOr) A`gy pyS kIqw igAw[ zkrIAw Kwn ny aunHW ƒ “mOq Aqy ieslwm” ivcoN iek cuxn dI pySkS kIqI[ pr hkIkq isMG Aqy Arjn isMG ny jwn bcwaux vwsqy Drm C`fxw kbUl nw kIqw[ ies ’qy aunHW dohW ƒ inKws cOk lwhOr ivc kql kr id`qw igAw.

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Arjn gurU

gurU Arjn swihb (15.4.1563 – 30.5.1606) is`KW dy pMjvyN gurU sn[ Awp dw jnm mwqw BwnI Aqy guurU rwmdws dy Gr goieMdvwl ivKy hoieAw sI[ kuJ soimAW ivc Awp dw jnm 1553 dw iliKAw imldw hY (kysr isMG iCbr Aqy gurpRxwlI nMbr 3 qy 4)[ sMn 1579 ivc Awp jI dw ivAwh maU ipMf (i&lOr, jlMDr) dI (mwqw) rwmdyeI nwl hoieAw[ jdoN ds swl qk Awp dy Gr koeI bwl nw hoieAw qW mwqw rwmdyeI qy bwbw bu`Fw jI dy zor pwaux ‟qy Awp ny 1589 ivc dUjw ivAwh (lwhOr dI mwqw gMgw nwl) kr ilAw[ 19 jUn 1590 dy idn Awp dy Gr (gurU) hirgoibMd dw jnm hoieAw[ mgroN ipRQI cMd (mIxw) dy pu`qr imhrbwn ny (gurU) hirgoibMd dw jnm bwbw bu`Fw jI dI ASIrvwd nwl hoey hox dw pRcwr krnw SurU kr id`qw[

kuJ ilKwrI gurU Arjn swihb dy nW nwl “dyv” ilKdy hn[ ieh iblkul Zlq hY[ gurU jI nW nwl “dyv” kdy vI nhIN lgdw sI qy ieh ilKx dI rIq kuJ ku duhwikAW dI hY ies ip`Cy koeI Srwrq sI jW Anjwxqw-ieh qW r`b hI jwxy[ pr ieh Zlq rIq AijhI c`lI ik „sRI‟ dI vrqoN vWg „dyv‟ vI is`KW ivc vVdw qy mnzUr huMdw clw igAw[ kuJ lok gurU gRMQ swihb dy s&w 1409 vwlI quk “jp´au ijn@ Arjn, dyv gurU, iPir sMkt join grB n AwXau” dw hvwlw dyNdy hn, jd ik ies quk dw mwAnw hY: ijnHW ny Arjn swihb (dI isiKAw lY ky gurdyv, Xwin r`b) dw nW jipAw hY, auh grB-jUn dy du`KW (dy fr) ivc nhIN

AwauNdy[ ieQy vI „dyv‟ „gurdyv‟ dw hI ih`sw hY, nw ik gurU Arjn swihb dy nW dw ih`sw[

gurU Arjn swihb pihlI sqMbr 1581 dy idn pMjvyN gurU Qwpy gey[ gurg`dI sMBwlx mgroN aunHW ny is`K Drm dy pRcwr vwsqy pRogrwm aulIky[ pr dUjy pwsy aunHW dy v`fy Brw ipRQIcMd, ijs ƒ gurU rwmdws swihb ny gurg`dI ky kwibl nhIN smiJAw sI, ny swizSW rcnIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ aus ny gurU dw c`k ivc Awaux vwlI Bytw, rsd qy hor vsqW Awpxy vwsqy sMBwlxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW, ijs dw Asr gurU dy lMgr ‟qy vI ipAw; pr CyqI hI bwbw bu`Fw, BweI gurdws Aqy hor isrkrdw is`KW dI mdd nwl is`KW ƒ s`c dw pqw ligAw qW swrw islislw Pyr shI ho igAw[ ies mgroN Awp ny AMimRqsr srovr ƒ p`kw krnw SurU kr id`qw[

1586 ivc AMimRqsr srovr iqAwr ho igAw[ 3 jnvrI 1588 dy idn Awp ny srovr dy ivckwr drbwr swihb dI nINh r`KI (au~nIvIN sdI ivc iek muslmwn ilKwrI bUty Swh ny ieh JUT ilK id`qw ik drbwr swihb dI nINh sWeIN mIAW mIr ny r`KI sI; kuJ Boly is`KW ny ies nUM s`c mMn ky ies dw pRcwr vI SurU kr id`qw)[ 1588 ivc hI sMqoKsr srovr iqAwr ho igAw[ 1590 ivc Awp ny qrn qwrn srovr dI nINh r`KI[ 1593 ivc Awp ny krqwrpur (jlMDr) dI moVHI g`fI[ 1597 ivc Awp ny, ruhIlw ipMf dI Qyh ‟qy, goibMdpur (hux hirgoibMdpur) ngr vswauxw SurU kIqw[ 1601 ivc rwmsr srovr iqAwr ho igAw[ ies smyN ivc gurU Arjn swihb goieMdvwl, gurU dw c`k (hux AMimRqsr), gurU dI vfwlI (hux Cyhrtw) qy Awp goieMdvwl ivc sn qW muZl bwdSwh Akbr vI Awpxy vzIr AbU &zUl nwl auQy (24 nvMbr 1598 dy idn) AwieAw sI[

gurU Arjn swihb ny bhuq swrI bwxI dI rcnw vI kIqI[ Awp ny do hzwr qoN v`D slok ilKy qy ieh swry gurU gRMQ swihb dw ih`sw hn[ Awp ny bwkI gurU swihb dI Aqy AwpxI bwxI ƒ ie`kTw kr ky gurU gRMQ swihb dI bIV iqAwr kIqI[ ieh bIV 31 julweI 1604 dy idn iqAwr hoeI qy ies dw pihlw pRkwS 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn drbwr swihb ivc kIqw igAw[

gurU Arjn swihb ny dsvMD ƒ is`K jIvn-jwc dw iek Atu`t ih`sw bxwieAw[ BwvyN dsvMD dI SurUAwq gurU nwnk swihb ny hI kIqI sI pr gurU Arjn swihb ny dsvMD ƒ iek jgh iek`Ty krn Aqy ies ƒ kOmI mu&wd vwsqy vrqx vwsqy nymb`D kIqw[ gurU jI v`loN nwmzd kIqy gey msMdW rwhIN is`KW dw dsvMD is`Dw gurU swihb kol phuMcxw SurU ho igAw sI[ ieh msMd is`K Drm dw pRcwr vI krdy sn qy is`KW ivc BweIcwrk sWJ vI vDwauNdy sn[ ies nwl is`KW ivc AwpsI sWJ qy ipAwr vD igAw ijs qoN keI is`K-duSmx eIrKw krdy sn[ ienHW ivc SYK Aihmd srhMdI, bRwhmx mhyS B`t (bIrbl) Aqy koeI hor ihMdU qy muslmwn jgIrdwr vI sn[ ieh swry Akbr ƒ BVkwaux dI koiSS krdy rihMdy sn pr kwmXwb nhIN ho sky sn[ iek vwr 1586 ivc bIrbl jdoN A&ZwnW dI bZwvq nUM dbwaux vwsqy ByjI &Oj dy nwl igAw qW aus ny goieMdvwl qoN p`qx pwr krn vyly AMimRqsr ivc Awpxw eylcI Byj ky gurU swihb qoN tYks dI mMg vI kIqI[ gurU swihb v`loN tYks dyx qoN nWh krn ‟qy bIrbl ny hmlw krn dI DmkI id`qI[ ieh v`KrI g`l hY ik ies dOrwn bIrbl iek lVweI ivc mwirAw igAw qy hmlw nw kr sikAw[ auDr gurU

Arjn swihb dw v`fw Brw ipRQIcMd vI gurU swihb dy i^lw& swizSW krdw irhw[ aus ny pihloN sulhI ^wn qy iPr sulBI ^wn ƒ BVkw ky drbwr swihb ‟qy hmlw krvwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI, pr kwmXwb nw ho sikAw[ aus ny gurU swihb dy byty (gurU) hirgoibMd swihb ƒ mrvwaux dIAW vI keI koiSSW kIqIAW[

1605 ivc Akbr dI mOq ho geI qy jhWgIr bwdSwh bixAw[ jhWgIr dy bwdSwh bxn dy nwl hI aus dy pu`qr Kusro ny bZwvq kr id`qI[ Kusro iek v`fI hwr mgroN pMjwb v`l B`j igAw[ rsqy ivc goieMdvwl kol dirAw pwr krn vyly auh rsmI qOr ‟qy gurU Arjn swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy vI igAw[ QoVyH hI icr ivc Kusro dI bZwvq dbwA id`qI geI[ hux jhWgIr ny hr aus S^s ny i^lw& jhwd SurU kr id`qw, ijs ƒ Kusro kdy imilAw vI sI[ iesy islisly ivc 23 meI 1606 ƒ jhWgIr ny gurU Arjn swihb dI igR&qwrI dw hukm id`qw[ gurU jI dI igR&qwrI dy hukm aunHW kol 25 meI ƒ pu`jy[ ausy idn gurU swihb ny gurU hirgoibMd swihb ƒ gurg`dI sONp ky Awp lwhOr v`l cwly pw id`qy[ Awp ƒ 27 meI dy idn igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ jhWgIr dy hukm hyT gurU swihb ƒ ShId krn vwsqy lwhOr dy &Ojdwr murqzw ^wn dy spurd kr id`qw igAw[ murqzw ^wn ny gurU swihb

ƒ Awpxy ieh ihMdU Aihlkwr cMdU dy hvwly kr id`qw[ cMdU ny gurU swihb ƒ q`qI ryq (jo qvI vW| qpdI sI) ivc ibTw ky Aqy aunHW dy nMgy ijsm ‟qy sVdI ryq pwaux vwsqy gurid`qw BiTAwrw ƒ bulw ilAw[ iqMn idn dy qsIhy mgroN gurU swihb dw ijsm

Cwly-Cwly ho igAw qW aunHW dy ijsm ƒ r`isAW ivc nUV ky rwvI dirAw dy burd kr id`qw igAw.

Arjn gurU, guru gRMQ swihb ivc:

Arjn/Arjun/Arjunu gurU gRMQ swihb ivc s`qw qy blvMf dI vwr Aqy B`tW dy svYXy ivc guru Arjn swihb dw izkr keI jgh AwauNdw hY: qKiq bYTw Arjn gurU, siqgur kw iKvY cMdoAw (968), gur Arjun gux, shij ibcwrM (1407), guru Arjunu, Gir gur rwmdws, AnBau ThrwXau (1407), guru Arjunu, Gir gur rwmdws, AprMpru bIxw (1407), guir rwmdws, Arjunu vr´au pwrsu prsu pRmwxu (1407), sd jIvxu Arjunu Amolu AwjonI sMBau (1407), kuil soFI, gur rwmdws qnu, Drm Dujw, Arjunu hir Bgqw (1407), gur Arjun, kl´ücrY, qY, rwj jog rsu jwixAau (1407). gur Arjun kl´ücrY, qY, shij jogu inju pwieXau (1408), gur Arjun, kl´ücrY, qY, jnkh klsu dIpwieAau (1408), guru Arjunu purKu pRmwxu, pwrQau cwlY nhI (1408), mUriq pMc pRmwx purKu guru Arjunu ipKhu nXx (1408), kljuig jhwju, Arjunu gurU, sgl isRis† lig ibqrhu (1408), mQurw ko pRBu sRbmX, Arjun guru, Bgiq kY hyiq pwie rihE imil rwm isau (1408), rwmdwis gurU, jg qwrn kau, gur joiq Arjun mwih DrI (1409), prqiC, irdY gur Arjun kY, hir pUrn bRhim, invwsu lIAau (1409), jp´au ijn@, Arjun, dyv gurU, iPir, sMkt join grB, n AwXau (1409), Bin mQurw, kCu Bydu nhI, guru Arjunu prqK´ hir (1409), gur Arjun isir CqRü, Awip prmysir dIAau (1409), CqRü isMGwsnu iprQmI, gur Arjun kau dy AwieAau (1409). BweI gurdws guru Arjn swihb dw izkr ienHW l&zW nwl krdy hn: Arjun „kwieAw‟ plit kY, mUriq hir goibMd svwrI (vwr 1, pauVI 48).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ArjwnI ml

ieh gurU Amr dws jI dy Coty pu`qr mohrI dw sB qoN in`kw pu`qr sI[ gurU rwmdws jI nUM gurg`dI sONpx vyly, jd gurU jI dw v`fw pu`qr mohn AwkI ho igAw, qW mohrI ny isdk idKwieAw qy isr Jukw ky ieh &Yslw kbUl kr ilAw[ mohrI dw pu`qr ArjwnI m`l vI gurU qyZ bhwdr dy smyN qk gurU drbwr dw ih`sw irhw sI[ jd gurU hirgoibMd jI gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivcoN irhw hox mgroN 28 dsMbr 1620 dy idn (qkrIbn s`q swl mgroN) gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) Awey qW auh goieMdvwl qoN gurU jI dy nwl AwieAw[ jd SwmUgVH dI lVweI (29 meI 1657) AOrMgzyb h`QoN hwrn mgroN jd dwrw iSkoh lwhOr v`l B`ijAw qW auh rwh ivc goieMdvwl ruikAw qy gurU hir rwie jI nUM imilAw[ gurU jI aus vyly ArjwnI m`l dy mihmwn sn[ iPr jd 11 Agsq 1664 dy idn gurU qyZ bhwdr jI nUM bkwlw ivc gurg`dI dI syvw sONpI geI qW bhuq bzurg hox dy bwvjUd auh Awpxy pu`qr dvwrkw dws dy nwl au¤Qy pu`jw[ gurg`dI dI Ardws ies koloN hI Adw krvweI geI[ ies mgroN auh gurU jI dy nwl kIrqpur vI igAw qy 21 Agsq 1664 dy idn bIbI rUp kOr nUM iml ky gurU hirikRSn dI dy cVHweI kr jwx dI mwqm pursI ivc Swiml hoieAw[ ies mgroN aus dw koeI izkr nhIN imldw; Xwin auh Gto-Gt 1664 dy A^Ir qk zrUr izMdw irhw sI[ aus bwry iek g`p khwxI vI pRclq hY ik in`ky huMidAW aus dI mOq ho geI qW mohrI dI pqnI gurU jI kol AweI qy rudn kIqw qW gurU jI ny aus nUM pYr dw AMgUTw lw ky aus nUM izMdw kr id`qw qy ikhw ik ies dI bhuq lMmI Awrjw hovygI[ g`pW mwrn vwly ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW ivc AijhIAW krwmwqW qy g`pW keI jgh iml jWdIAW hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AVU rwm d`q

BweI AVU rwm d`q (pu`qr BweI nwrwiex dws qy pVpoqw BweI bRhm dws) kSmIr dy ipMf m`tn dw muMJwl-d`q bRwhmx prvwr nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ jd gurU nwnk swihb mwnsrovr qoN kSmIr v`l gey sn qW mtn ivc Awp dw myl bRhm dws nwl hoieAw sI[bRhm dws gurU jI dw is`K bixAw sI Aqy gurU jI ny aus nUM kSmIr ivc is`KI pRcwr dI syvw sauNpI sI[ 1620 ivc gurU hrgoibMd swihb Aqy 1660 ivc gurU hr rwie swihb kSmIr gey sn[gurU hr rwie swihb BweI AVU rwm dy Gr vI Tihry sn[1661 ivc jdoN gurU hir rwie swihb ny rwm rwie ƒ AOrMgzyb kol id`lI ByijAw qW aus dy nwl Byjy jwx vwly is`KW ivc AVU rwm d`q vI sI[ies qoN pqw l`gdw hY ik ieh d`q pirvwr dI gurU swihb nwl bVI nyVqw sI[ ijs idn gurU hir rwie swihb joqI joiq smwey, AVU rwm audoN au~Qy hI sI[aus dy h`Q hI gurU swihb dy joqI joq smwaux dI ieqlwh id`lI dy is`KW ƒ ByjI geI sI[AVU rwm dy cwr pu`qr sn: snmuK dws (isMG), BweI ikrpw rwm (isMG), iSv dws qy BweI cylw rwm[ AVU rwm dy cVHweI kr jwx mgroN aus dw bytw ikrpw rwm d`q gurU Gr nwl lgwqwr juiVAw irhw sI[ 25 meI 1675 dy idn kSmIr dy 16 bRwhmx aus nUM lY ky hI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kol hwzr hoey sn[ AVU rwm dy do pu`qr BweI snmuK isMG qy BweI ikrpw isMG cmkOr dI lVweI ivc, 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn, ShId hoey hn[ ies sbMDI B`t vhIAW ivc ieMdrwj imldy hn: “juJwr isμG bytw gurU goibμd isμG jI, mhl dsmyN kw… sμmq sqrW sY bwsT, poK mwsy sudI qIj, vIrvwr idhuμ….BweI Ank isμG… BweI ikrpw isμG bytw AVU rwm kw, BweI snmuK isμG bytw AVU rwm kw, poqy nrYx dws ky, muμJwl d`q bRwhmx, mukwm cmkOr, prgxw ropV, qurk &Oj gYl, swmHy mwQy jUJ ky ShwdqW pwie gey[ Awgy gurU kI giq gurU jwxy[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isμDI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ArUV isMG, fwktr

fwktr ArUV isMG (pu`qr BweI Arjn isMG) dw jnm smGvwl (izlHw jlMDr) ivc hoieAw sI[ skUl dI pVHweI ^qm krn mgroN auh vYtrintI hspqwl jLMDr ivc kMpwaUfr dI nOkrI ’qy l`g igAw; eyQy lok aus nUM fw. ArUV isMG dy nW nwl bulwaux lg pey qy ieh p`kw hI aus dy nW nwl juV igAw[ sMn 1915 ivc jd Zdr pwrtI ny pMjwb ivc ienklwbI kwrvweIAW SurU kIqIAW qW auh vI aunHW ivc Swiml ho igAw[ auh BweI bMqw isMG qy jvMd isMG nwl iml ky srkwrI jwiedwd dI qoV-PoV krn (rylvy lweInW dw nukswn krnw Aqy tYlI&on dIAW qwrW k`txw Awid) dIAW kwrvweIAW ivc Swiml hox lg ipAw[ kuJ icr mgroN pulIs nUM aus dIAW kwrvweIAW dw pqw lg igAw qy aus dy vwrMt igR&qwrI jwrI ho gey[ auh 2 nvMbr 1916 dy idn iek swQI dI mulwkwq krn vwsqy lwhOr jylH igAw ij`Qy aus nUM pCwx ilAw igAw qy auh PiVAw igAw[ aus nUM qIjy lwhr swizS kys ivc Swiml kIqw igAw[ mukdmy dOrwn aus ny AMGryzI Adwlq nwl nw imlvrqx dw AYlwn kIqw Aqy AwpxI s&weI pyS krn qoN nWh kr id`qI[ ies kys ivc aus nUM &WsI dI szw suxweI geI[ aus nUM 4 jnvrI 1917 dy idn lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI ’qy ltkwieAw igAw. (qsvIr: fw. ArUV isMG)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ArUV isMG (ieMglYNf)

AMimRqsr izlHy dy kohwlI ipMf dw ArUV isMG Swied ieMglYNf ivc v`sx vwlw pihlW dsqwrDwrI is`K sI[ jd (mhwrwjw) dlIp isMG nUM ieMglYNf iljwieAw igAw qy 1860ivAW ivc aus ny AYlvyfn AYstyt ^rIdI qW ieh ivcwr kIqw jWdw hY ik ArUV isMG nUM aus dw injI nOkr qy sk`qr bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN auh qkrIbn aus dy nyVy hI irhw[ 1886 ivc jd dlIp isMG ny ieMfIAw jwx dw pRogrwm bxwieAw qy Adn igAw qW auh vI nwl igAw sI[ jd dlIp isMG ny pRvwr nUM vwips ieMglYNf Byj id`qw qy Awp auqy irhw qW ArUV isMG vI aus dy nwl sI[ jd 25 meI 1886 dy idn dlIp isMG ny KMfy dI pwhul lyx dI rsm Adw kIqI qW auh pMj ipAwirAW ivc Swiml sI[ jd dlIp isMG briln qy pYirs igAw qW vI auh nwl sI[ auh s&r krn l`igAW Awpxw nW pRqwb isMG ilKdw sI[ brqwnvI srkwr dI aus ’qy pUrI A`K sI qy auh aus bwry swrI jwxkwrI r`K rhy sn[ jd dlIp isMG ny aus nUM ieMfIAw ByijAw qW 5 Agsq 1997 dy idn aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ qy iqMn swl cunwr iklHy ivc kYd r`iKAw igAw (ieh auhI iklHw sI ij`Qy 1848 ivc rwxI ijMdW kuJ idn kYd rhI sI qy &rwr ho geI sI)[ aus nUM 15 dsMbr 1890 dy idn irhw kIqw igAw sI Aqy aus nUM ieMglYNf prqx dI iejwzq dy id`qI geI sI[ auh ieMglYNf prq ky iPr dlIp isMG dy nwl irhw sI[ auh dlIp isMG dy d&nwey jwx smyN vI hwizr sI[ ies mgroN auh ieMglYNf hI irhw sI[ auh 1905 qk ieMglYNf ivc hI sI[ AMgryzI dsqwvyz ieh dsdy hn ik auh XUrpIn AwdqW Apxw cukw sI Aqy brWfI pIx dw bhuq SOkIn sI.

ArUV isMG Br jvwnI ivc

ArUV isMG 1905 ivc

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AwrX smwj / AwrIAw smwj

prmwnMd srsvqI dy cyly, kwTIAwvwX (gujrwq) vwsI, swDU dXw nMd (12 &rvrI 1824 – 30 AkqUbr 1883) v`loN, 7 ApRYl 1875 dy idn, bMbeI (hux muMbeI) kwiem kIqI iek sMsQw[ ies sMsQw dy muK inXm ieh hn: 1. sB dw mu`F pRmwqmw hY 2. pRmwqmw s`icdwnMd srUp, inrwkwr, srbSkqImwn, inAwkwrI, Ajnmw, AnMq, inrivkwr, Anwid, Anupm, srvwDwr, srvysvr, srb ivAwpk, srb AMqrjwmI, Ajr, Amr, ABX, inqX, piv`qr Aqy iSRStI dw krqw hY[ isr& auh hI aupwsnw dy Xog hY 3. vyd r`bI rcnw hn, iksy ienswn dI nhIN[ ieh s`cI ividAw hn qy ienHW dw pVHnw, pVHwauxw qy suxnw suxwauxw prm Drm hY 4. s`qX nUM gRihx krn qy AsqX nUM iqAwgx vwsqy sdw iqAwr rihxw cwhIdw hY 5. swry kMm Drm Anuswr Aqy s`qX qy As`qX dw ivcwr kr ky krny cwhIdy hn 6. sMswr dw aupkwr krnw AwrIAw Drm dw mu`Flw audyS hY (Xwin srIrk, Awqmk qy smwijk qr`kI) 7. swirAW nwl ipAwr Aqy Drm Anuswr vrqxw cwhIdw hY 8. AividAw dw nwS Aqy ividAw ivc vwDw krnw cwhIdw hY 9. hr iek nUM AwpxI qr`kI ivc hI sMqoK nhIN krnw cwhIdw blik swirAW dI qr`kI jwxnI cwhIdI hY 10. swirAW nUM smwijk srb ihqkwrI inXm pwlx vwsqy hr vyly iqAwr rihxw cwhIdw hY Aqy hr iek ihqkwrI nym pwlx krn ivc swry suqMqr rihx 11. mUrqI pUjw dw ivroD.

AwrIAw smwj dw mu`F bMbeI (mhWrwStr gujrwq) ivc b`Jw sI Aqy ies dw muFlw kyNdr vI ieh ielwkw hI irhw[ pMjwb ivc dXw nMd ApRYl 1877 ivc AwieAw sI qy ies sMsQw dI nINh lwhOr ivc 24 jUn 1877 dy idn r`KI geI sI[ lwhOr ivc hI dXw nMd Aqy igAwnI id`q isMG ivc &ls&y dy nukiqAW ’qy crcw hoeI sI ijs ivc dXwnMd ny hwr mMnI sI. vyKo: id`q isMG, igAwnI.

pMjwb ivc AwrIAw smwj dw mu`Flw rol i&rkwpRsqI vwlw irhw[ AwrIAw smwjIAW dy pMifq lyK rwm ny (muslmwnW dy iek bwZI i&rky) AhmdIAW dy i^lw& bhuq pRcwr kIqw[ iesy qrHW gurU dq qy hornW ny is`K Drm ’qy hmly SurU kr id`qy[ pihlW pihl bhuq swry is`K vI ies sMsQw nwl juV gey sn pr jd ies dy AwguUAW by guru swihbwn ’qy hmly SurU kr id`qy qW (ShId Bgq isMG dy dwdw, ipqw qy cwcw Aqy AYktr DrimMdr dy v`fy vfyry C`f ky) qkrIbn swry is`K ies qoN v`K ho gey[ suAwmI dXw nMd dI ikqwb ‘siqAwrQ pRkwS’ ivc vI gurU nwnk swihb dy i^lw& n&rq Bry bolW ny vI is`KW ivc ienHW dy ivroD ivc bhuq vwDw kIqw[ pMjwb ivc AwrIAw smwj ie`QoN qk i&rkwpRsqI &Ylwaux lg ipAw ik ies ny lokW nUM pMjwbI bolI dw iqAwg kr ky ihMdI Apxwaux vwqy swrw zor lwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ pMjwb ivc is`K ihMdU Pu`t dIy izMmydwr muK qOr ’qy guru swihbwn ’qy hmly Aqy pMjwbI dw ivroD sn[ ieh i&rkU ivroDqw pMjwbI sUbw bxn (1966) qk cldI rhI[ 1969 ivc gurU nwnk XUnIvristI nwl kwlj joVn dI ivroDqw ip`Cy vI ies sMsQw dy i&rkU AwgUAW dI qMg soc sI[

AwrIAw smwj dw muK kyNdr pMjwb qoN id`lI qk dw Kyqr hI irhw qy ieh vI swrw dXw nMd dI mOq qoN bwAd hI SurU hoieAw[ ies vkq (2017 ivc) ies sMsQw nwl sbMDq fI.ey.vI. skUlW dI igxqI 800 qoN vD Aqy kwljW dI igxqI 75 qoN vD hY[ pihlw skUl jUn 1886 ivc lwhOr ivc KoilHAw igAw sI[ ies sMsQw dy ividAk AdwirAW ivc 50000 qoN vD mulwzm Aqy 20 l`K ividAwrQI pVHdy hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Atl rwie

gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI SwdI (mwqw) nwnkI nwl 28 mwrc 1620 dy idn hoeI sI[ mwqw nwnkI ny do b`icAW nUM jnm id`qw: (gurU) qyZ bhwdr (18 AkqUbr 1621) Aqy Atl rwie (hwV 3, 1682 sMmq, 31 meI 1625)[ {iek irvwieq muqwibk Atl rwey dw jnm 23 AkqUbr 1619 qy mOq 9 sqMbr 1628 ilKI imldI hY, jo Zlq hY, ikauNik aus vkq qW gurU jI gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kYd sn qy aunHW dI irhweI 26 AkqUbr 1619 dy idn hoeI sI qy mwqw nwnkI nwl aunHW dI SwdI 1620 ivc hoeI sI}[ Atl rwie dI mOq 9 swl dI aumr ivc ho geI sI[ iek kwlpink khwxI muqwibk bwlk Atl rwie dy iek dosq mohn dI mOq ho geI[ Atl rwie ny aus nUM izMdw kr id`qw[ ies ’qy gurU jI aus nwl nwrwz hoey[ ies dw pCqwvw krn vwsqy Atl rwie ny pRwx iqAwg id`qy[ ieh khwxI g`p hY qy is`KI isDWqW dy ault vI hY ikauNik murdy nUM ijvwauxw, r`b dy hukm nUM bdlxw hY[ bwbw Atl dI Xwd ivc aus dy sskwr vwlI jgh ‘gurduAwrw bwbw Atl’ bixAw hoieAw hY[

vyKo: Atl (bwbw) gurduAwrw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AtwrIvwlw, Swm isMG

Swm isMG AtwrIvwlw (1790 ?-10.2.1846), pu`qr inhwl isMG AtwrIvwlw, mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw iek v`fw jrnYl sI[ auh 1817 ivc &Oj ivc Swiml hoieAw sI qy aus ny bhuq swrIAW &OjI muihMmW ivc AgvweI kIqI sI, ^ws kr ky pTwxW Aqy sXd Ahmd brylvI dy i^lw& (1826 qy 1831)[ 1831 ivc rxjIq isMG qy lwrf bYNitMg ivckwr ropV ivc hoeI mulwkwq ivc auh hwzr sI[ lwhOr drbwr ivc auh „cI& Aw& protokol‟ dw rol Adw krdw sI[ auh iqMn swl kSmIr dw sUbydwr vI irhw sI[ fogry aus qoN Kwr KWdy sI qy aunHW ny aus ivc qy rxjIq isMG ivckwr byXkInI Brn dI bQyrI koiSS kIqI sI[ aus dI bytI nwnkI dI SwdI rxjIq isMG dy poqry nOinhwl isMG nwl 1837 ivc hoeI sI[

rxjIq isMG dI mOq qoN mgroN auh ipSwvr ivc qweInwq sI, pr jd hIrw isMh fogrw qy pMfq jlHw ny swrI qwkq h`Q ivc lY leI qy rwxI ijMdW nUM vI byiezq krnw SurU kr id`qw qW dsMbr 1844 ivc rwxI ny Swm isMG nUM lwhOr bulw ilAw[ 1845 ivc jd gulwb isMh fogry ny lwhOr drbwr dw 35 l`K rupY dyx qoN nWh kIqI qW gulwb isMG qoN vsUlI vwsqy Swm isMG &Oj lY ky jMmU igAw[ 1845 ivc lwl isMh imsr bRwhmx (pRweIm minstr) qy qyjw isMh imsr bRwhmx (&Oj dw muKI) ny AMgryzW nwl iml ky pMjwb ‟qy aunHW dw kbzw krvwaux vwsqy lVweI CyVI qy mudkI (18 dsMbr 1845) qy PyrU Sihr (&IrozSwh 21 dsMbr 1845) dIAW lVweIAW ivc ZdwrI kr ky is`K &OjW nUM hrvwieAw[ ies hwlq ivc AMgryzW ny ZdwrW (gulwb isMh fogrw, qyjw isMh qy lwl isMh) nwl ieh smJOqw kIqw sI ik lVweI krvw ky AMgryz &Oj nUM is`K &OjW ‟qy hwvI kIqw jwvy Aqy iPr hwrI hoeI is`K &Oj nUM lwhOr drbwr v`loN iqAwg id`qw jwvy[ ies qoN mgroN lwhOr dw rsqw AMgryzW vwsqy KulHw C`f id`qw jwvy[ kinMGm kihMdw hY ik “swizSW Bry Aqy ies Srmnwk ZdwrI dy mwhOl ivc sBrwEN dI lVweI lVI geI[” (ieh rwz KolHx kr ky kinMGm nUM nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw igAw sI)[ m`ry kihMdw hY ik “ieho ijhI (ZdwrI vwlI) lVweI dI imswl pRwcIn jW AjokI qvwrI^ ivc ikqy vI nhIN imldI[”

ies jMg dI Aw^rI lVweI 10 &rvrI 1846 dy idn sBrwEN ivc lVI geI[ hux qyjw isMh Aqy lwl isMh ny dobwrw plwinMg bxweI ijs hyT ieh XkInI bxwieAw igAw ik AMgryz &OjW iPr ij`q jwx Aqy aunHW dy lwhOr p`ujx dw rsqw sw& ho jwvy[

sBrwEN dI lVweI ivc vI is`KW dw h`Q au~pr sI[ AMgryzI &OjW dy iqMn hmly burI qrHW nwkwm rhy sn qy AMgryz mwr Kw ky ip`Cy hty sn[ aunHW au~qy moVvW hmlw kr ky aunHW ƒ ^qm krn dI bjwie, jyqU is`K &OjW dw kmWfr-ien-cI& (qyjw isMh) mYdwn C`f ky B`j igAw qy jWdw hoieAw dirAw sqluj ‟qy bixAw byVIAW dw bixAw hoieAw pul vI qoV igAw (kinMGm, s&w 284)[ aus ny ies dI ieqlwh AMgryzI &Oj ƒ vI kr idqI[ ies ‟qy AMgryzI &Oj ny is`KW ‟qy nvW hmlw kr idqw[

jrnYlW qoN s`KxI is`K &Oj Swm isMG AtwrIvwlw dI AgvweI hyT ft ky lVI, pr A^Ir bhuqy is`K ShId ho gey[ AwgU-hIx is`K &OjI Gbrw ky ip`Cy v`l dOVy qy pul tu`itAw hox kr ky aunHW ivcoN bhuq swry dirAw ivc fub ky mr gey[ ies qoN ielwvw gulwb isMh fogry Aqy qyjw isMh ny sqluj dy kMFy ‟qy 10 qopW r`KIAW hoeIAW sn ijnHW nwl vwips AwauNdy is`K &OjI Zdwr AwK ky golIAW nwl aufw idqy gey[ Swm isMG AtwrIvwlw Aqy aus dy swQI Aw^rI swhW qk lVdy rhy[ Swm isMG nUM AkIdq pyS krdw hoieAw duSmx &Oj dw jrnYl kinMGm ilKdw hY ik lwl isMh qy qyjw isMh dI ZdwrI dy bwvjUd Swm isMG gurU goibMd isMG dy s`cy pu`qr vWg jUiJAw qy ShId hoieAw (kinMGm, s&w 281, 2005 dI AYfISn)[ kinMGm, Swm isMG nUM, 284 s&y ‟qy, jzbwq BrI AkIdq pyS krdw hoieAw, ilKdw hY ik “mhwn Swm isMG (AtwrIvwlw) ƒ Awpxw pRx Xwd sI[ aus ny icty bsqr pwey hoey sn qy auh Awpxw isr qlI ‟qy r`K ky Awpxy swQIAW sxy jUJ irhw sI qy vwr vwr Awpxy swQIAW ƒ h`lw-SyrI dy ky lVweI kr irhw sI[ auh audoN qk lVdw igAw jd qk ShId nw ho igAw[” gir&n ilKdw hY ik Swm isMG nUM s`q golIAW l`gIAW qy auh ShId ho igAw qy aus dy nwl hI aus dy 50 jWbwz swQI vI ShId ho gey, jo isr& qlvwrW nwl jUJy sn[ (gir&n, rxjIq isMG, s&y 63-64)[ ies lVweI ivc AMgryzW dy 320 &OjI mry qy 2083 z^mI hoey sn[ dUjy pwsy 8000 is`K &OjI vI mwry gey[ AMgryz jnrl lwrf g`& mwry jwx vwly is`KW dI igxqI 12 qoN 15 hzwr dy ivckwr dsdw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Aqr isMG BdOV

sr Aqr isMG (1833-10.6.1896) BdOV (izlHw sMgrUr) dy reIs KVk isMG dw pu`qr sI[ ies prvwr dw ipCokV mhwrwjw pitAwlw dy ^wndwn dw hY[ auh aus smyN dw bhuq v`fw ivdvwn sI[ aus nUM pMjwbI qoN isvw aurdU, ArbI, &wrsI, sMsikRq Aqy AMgryzI ivc cMgI mhwrq hwisl sI[ ies ny Awpxy Gr ivc bhuq vDIAw lwiebryrI bxweI hoeI sI ijs nUM auh 1878 ivc luiDAwxw ivc lY igAw sI, jo mgroN pMjwb XUnIvristI lwhOr nUM dy id`qI geI sI[ ies dI AMgryz A&srW nwl bhuq nyVqw sI qy auh pMjwb qy is`K isAwsq bwry ies qoN Aksr slwh lYNdy rihMdy sn[ AMgryzW dy kihx ’qy ies ny 1873 ivc ‘sO swKI’ dw AMgryzI ivc qrjmw kIqw sI, ikauNik kUikAW ny ieh pRcwr kIqw hoieAw sI ik ies ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dI pySIngoeI hY[ ies qoN ielwvw ies ny jrmn ivdvwn ArnYst trMp vwsqy AKoqI dsmgRMQ dIAW kivqwvW jwpu, Akwl ausqiq, bicqr nwtk, z&rnwmw, hkwieqW dw vI &wrsI qy pMjwbI ivc qrjmw kIqw qy AMgryzI srkwr nUM sONp id`qw[ aus ny pRhlwd isMG qy nMd lwl dy nW nwl joVy jWdy rihqnwmy vI AMgryzI ivc aulQwey[ aus ny mwlvw dys rtn dI swKI poQI, ijs ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr qy gurU goibMd isMG dI mwlvw PyrI dIAW swKIAW hn dw AMgryzI qrjmw vI kIqw[

Aqr isMG AMgryzW dw v&wdwr sI[ auh dlIp isMG nUM pMjwb nw Awaux dyx dy svwl qy vI AMgryzW dy nwl sI[ dUjy pwsy auh isMG sBw lihr nwl vI juiVAw hoieAw sI[auh Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr dw muK srprsq sI[ auh drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dI pRbMDk kmytI dw vI mYNbr sI[ auh bhuq swrIAW kwljW soswietIAW qy dy AhuidAW qy vI SuSoiBq sI[ AMgryzI srkwr ny aus nUM sI.AweI.eI., ‘&wizl-aul-&uzwlw’ qy ‘mhwmhopwDXwX’ dy i^qwb vI id`qy sn[ 1888 ivc AMgryzW ny ies nUM sr dw i^qwb vI id`qw[ 1890 ivc aus nUM Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr dw trstI qy mgroN Kwlsw kwlj kONsl dw mIq pRDwn bxwieAw igAw sI.

(qsvIr vwsqy DMnvwd: pRo. suBwS pirhwr kotkpUrw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Aqr isMG msqUAwxw

Aqr isMG (13.3.1866-31.1.1927) dw jnm ipMf icmG (izlHw sMgrUr) ivc krm isMG dy Gr hoieAw sI[ bwp ZrIb hox kr ky ieh skUl nw jw sikAw, ies kr ky ieh rwmisMG inrmlw dy fyry ’qy bUtw isMG inrmlw qoN pVHdw irhw qy inrml pMQ dIAW isiKAwvW hwisl kIqIAW qy nwl hI gurU gRMQ swihb dw pwT qy kIrqn vI isK ilAw[ auh 17 swl dI aumr ivc &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw qy auh kohwt ivc qweInwq irhw[ ie`Qy aus ny KMfy dI pwhul vI lY leI qy nwl hI SwdI nw krn dw pRx vI kIqw[ 1891 ivc aus ny &Oj dI nOkrI C`f id`qI Aqy swDUAW vW| ihMdUAW dy qIrQW dI Xwqrw ’qy cl ipAw[ ies mgroN aus ny poTohwr dy ielwky nUM Awpxw sYNtr bxw ilAw Aqy lokW ivc KMfy dI pwhul dw pRcwr krn lg ipAw[ aus dw nW ipSwvr, kSmIr qy isMD ivc vI jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ 1911 ivc jd ieMglYNf dw rwjw jwrj pMjm id`lI AwieAw qW ies ny aus dy Swn ivc hoey jSn ivc, mhwrwjw jINd v`loN, kIrqn kIqw[ jd bRwhmx AwgU pMfq mdn mohn mwlvIAw ny bnwrs ivc ihMdU XUnIvristI bxweI qW ies nUM A`gy lw ky is`K rwijAW mhwrwijAW qoN v`fIAW rkmW dI augrwhI kIqI qy ies bdly ies nUM sMsikRq kwlj dI iemwrq dw nINh p`Qr rKx vyly aucycw s`dw id`qw qy nwl hI ies nUM ‘sMq’ dw i^qwb vI id`qw[ is`KI ivc ‘sMq’ nW dw koeI lkb jW Ahudw nhIN[ bRwhmxW ny ies nUM sMq bxw ky is`KW ivc nvIN ApMQk lihr pYdw kr id`qI[ aus dy cyilAW dw dwAvw hY ik aus ny hzwrW is`KW nUM KMfy dI pwhul id`qI sI[ aus dI mOq msqUAwxw (sMgrUr izlHw ivc hoeI sI)[ Aqr isMG dy cyilAW ivcoN muK nW qyjw isMG qy DrmwnMq isMG (jo is`KI dw Gt qy vydWq dw vDyry prcwrk sI) dw sI ijs ny hwrvrf qoN ividAw hwisl kIqI sI[ qyjw isMG vI Awpxy vyilAW ivc bihs gocrw hI irhw sI[ 15-16 nvMbr 1920 dy idn SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy mYNbrW dI cox mgroN ienHW mYNbrW dI suDweI SurU kIqI geI[ suDweI vwsqy cuxy gey pμj ipAwry ieh sn: blvμq isμG kulHw, pRo: bwvw hrikSn isμG, mw: moqw isμG, qyjw isμG Bu`cr qy pRo: qyjw isμG msqUAwxw[ ies mOky ’qy pRo: qyjw isμG bwry ieh ieqrwz auTwieAw igAw ik auh Awpxy Awp ƒ ‘sμq’ AKvwauNdy hn Aqy m`Qw vI itkwauNdy hn[ pRo: qyjw isμG ny Akwl q^q swihb ’qy AYlwn kIqw ik auh A`gy qoN Awpxy Awp ƒ ‘sμq’ nhIN AKvwauxgy Aqy iksy ƒ Awpxy A`gy m`Qw nhIN tykx dyxgy pr hux vI ienHW dy fyry (msqUAwxw) dy lok Aqr isMG qy qyjw isMG nUM mhW sMq, bRhmigAwnI qy keI kuJ hr vI kihMdy hn, m`Qy vI itkwauNdy hn qy aunHW nUM ‘gurU’ vrgw drjw dyNdy hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw

Aqr isMG (1843) AmIr isMG sMDwvwlIey dw pu`qr qy lihxw isMG dw Brw sI[ ieh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy ccyry Brw sn[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw pVdwdw nOD isMG (mOq 1718) qy sMDwvwlIAW dw pVdwdw cMdw isMG (dovyN bu`Fw isMG, 1688-1718, dy pu`qr) s`ky Brw sn[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq (1839), aus dy p`uqr KVg isMG qy poqy nOinhwl isMG dI mOq (4 qy 5 nvMbr 1840) mgroN, rxjIq isMG dw dUjw pu`qr Syr isMG 18 jnvrI 1841 dy idn mhwrwjw bixAw Aqy 20 qwrI^ ƒ lwhOr dy q^q ’qy bYT igAw[jdoN rwjw Syr isMG g`dI ’qy bYTw qW Aqr isMG qy AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw sqluj pwr kr ky AMgryzI ielwky ivc cly gey sn[ kuJ icr mgroN AMgryzW ny Awpxy eyjMt imstr klwrk rwhI ienHW dohW ƒ Syr isMG qoN mAw&I idvw ky vwips lwhOr jwx dI iejwzq lY id`qI qy ienHW ƒ jwgIrW vI vwips idvw idqIAW[ ies dy nwl hI lihxw isMG qy kyhr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ƒ vI irhw kr id`qw igAw[ienHW cOhW sMDWvwlIAW ny vwips Aw ky kuJ mhIny qW v&wdwrI Aqy Srw&q vwly mwhOl ivc ibqwey pr iPr AMgrzW nwl slwhW kr ky dobwrw swizSW SurU kr idqIAW[ auDr iDAwn isMh vI AMdroN-AMdrIN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qoN Kwr Kwx lg ipAw sI ikauN ik mhwrwjy ny iDAwn isMh fogry ƒ Awpxy ’qy hwvI nhIN sI hox id`qw, jd ik iDAwn isMh pihlW rxjIq isMG qy iPr nOinhwl isMG vyly mukMml qwkq ƒ Awpxy h`Q ivc r`iKAw krdw sI[ ies dOrwn sMDwvwlIAW Aqy iDAwn isMh ivc hkUmq ’qy kbzw kr ky ies nUM Awps ivc vMf lYx bwry iek Ax-AYlwinAw smJOqw vI ho igAw sI[ ieh vI crcw sI sMDwvwlIAW ny iek JUTw hukm iqAwr krvw ilAw sI ijs muqwibk mhwrwjw Syr isMG ny iDAwn isMh fogry ƒ ^qm krn dy hukm jwrI kIqy hoey sn[ AwpxI mOq ƒ swhmxy vyK ky hI iDAwn isMh ny sMDwvwlIAW nwl nyVqw kwiem kr leI sI[15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn mOkw qwV ky AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny mhwrwjw Syr isMG ƒ golI mwr ky mwr idqw qy aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ dUjy pwsy lihxw isMG sMDwvwlIAW ny roNdy-kurlWdy 12 swl dy b`cy pRqwb isMG (puqr mhwrwjw Syr isMG) ƒ vI kql kr id`qw[ kuJ mgroN dovyN sMDwvwlIey iDAwn isMh kol hzUrI bwg gey qy glbwq krn dy bhwny aus ƒ iklyH ivc iljw ky kql kr id`qw[hIrw isMh ny sMDwvwlIAW ƒ AMgryzW dy eyjMt AwK ky &Oj ƒ BVkw vI idqw[ ies &Oj ny lwhOr iklHy ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ fyF idn dI lVweI mgroN iklHw ijiqAw igAw[ ies lVweI ivc iek hzwr dy krIb bMdy dohW pwisAW qoN mwry gey[ lihxw isMG ƒ ies lVweI ivc golI lgI qy auh QweyN hI mwirAw igAw[ AjIq isMG ny sMgl nwl iklyH dI kMD qoN auqrn dI koiSS kIqI[ iksy ispwhI ny aus nUM pCwx ilAw qy PV ky aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ AjIq isMG dy nwl hI lihxw isMG dw isr vI v`F ky iklHy dy drvwzy ’qy ltkw idqw igAw[ ienW dy swQIAW gurmuK isMG igAwnI (pu`qr sMq isMG igAwnI), bylI rwm qoSwKwnIAw qy rwm ikSn ƒ vI PV ky bydrdI nwl kql kr id`qw igAw[ aunHW dIAW lwSW vI gMdgI ivc su`t ky zmIn ivc dbw idqIAW geIAW[

ies mgroN swrI qwkq hIrw isMh fogry kol qwkq Aw geI qW aus ivc v`fI hYNkV Aw geI[ hux auh swrI qwkq Awpxy kol rKxI cwhuMdw sI[ies vyly mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy do hor puqr ipSOrw isMG qy kSmIrw isMG isAwlkot ivc sn[ gulwb isMh fogrw ienHW ƒ vI Kqm krnw cwhuMdw sI[ AprYl 1844 dy SurU ivc jrnYl gulwb isMG kwhloN mnhwlIAw (fogrw nhIN) ny aunHW ƒ isAwlkot’ coN inklx ivc mdd kIqI[ kSmIrw isMG au~QoN inkl ky nOrMgwbwd ivc bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy phMuc igAw[ auDr Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw vI kurUkSyqr qoN muV AwieAw sI qy auh vI bwbw bIr isMG dI Srn ivc Aw cukw sI[jdoN hIrw isMh ƒ Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIey Aqy kMvr kSmIrw isMG dy nOrMgwbwd ivc hox dw pqw lgw qW aus ny &Oj ƒ aus pwsy kUc krn dw hukm dy idqw[ pihlW aus ny bwbw bIr isMG ƒ pYZwm ByijAw ik auh Aqr isMG ƒ aus dy hvwly kr dyvy[ ies ’qy bwbw bIr isMG ny jvwb ByijAw ik jo S^s gurU Gr ivc pnwh mMg ley aus ƒ Srx idqI jWdI hY qy iksy duSmx dy hvwly nhIN kIqw jWdw[ hux hIrw isMh ny fogrw XuUintW Aqy AwpxIAW dUjIAW v&wdwr XUintW ƒ bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy golwbwrI krn vwsqy ikhw[ hIrw isMh dw hukm sI ik iksy ƒ igR&qwr nhIN krnw qy bs kql krI jwxw hY[ ies hukm hyT lwB isMh fogrw dI &Oj ny AwauNidAW hI goly clwauxy SurU kr id`qy[ ienHW ivcoN iek golw bwbw bIr isMG dI l`q ’qy l`gw qy auh burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ jdoN jrnYl gulwb isMG ƒ bwby dy z^mI hox dw pqw lgw qW auh bwby ƒ imlx AwieAw[ aus ny hwl-cwl pu`Cx mgroN bwbw jI ƒ ikhw ik auh Aqr isMG ƒ aunHW dy hvwly kr dyx[ ies vyly Aqr isMG Awp vI au~Qy Aw igAw[ gulwb isMG aus vyly AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIey dy GoVy ’qy svwr sI[ Awpxy mwry jw cuky BqIjy dw GoVw vyK ky aus nUM roh Aw igAw[ aus ny AwpxI donwlI bMduUk coN iek golI jnrl gulwb isMG ’qy clweI, ijs nwl auh mwirAw igAw[ ies ’qy gulwb isMG dy &OjIAW ny bMdUkW clw ky Aqr isMG ƒ mwr idqw qy aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ ies mgroN aunHW ny golIAW mwr ky jvwhr isMG nlvw, kMvr kSmIrw isMG, mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw dIvwn ivswKw isMG Aqy sYNkVy (Swied hzwrW) hor is`K mwr idqy[ ies dy nwl hI hIrw isMh dI &Oj ny swrw fyrw vI lut ilAw[ ies kqlyAwm ivcoN kuJ lok bc ky inkl gey Aqy dirAw vl dOVy[ dirAw dy dUjy pwsy kpUrQlw dy rwjy inhwl isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dI &Oj ny golwbwrI kr ky ienHW ivcoN bhuqy is`K mwr id`qy[ ies mgroN hIrw isMh dI &Oj Aqr isMG dw isr lY ky hIrw isMh kol lwhOr pu`jI qy eInwm hwisl kIqy[ ieh kqlyAwm 6 meI 1845 dy idn hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AaulIAw isMG

is`K qÍwrI^ ivc BweI AaulIAw isMG nW dy do is`KW dw izkr AwauNdw hY[ ienHW ivcoN iek BUMdV ipMf dw rihx vwlw sI ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb dsMbr 1705 jW jnvrI 1706 ivc qlvMfI swbo jWidAW, jW auQy rihMidAW, gey sn[ ies BweI AaulIAw isMG bwry izkr hY ik ieh iek praupkwrI is`K sI[ gurU jI ny ies dy Gr Kwxw KwDw sI Aqy aunHW ny Awpxy h`QIN ies dy h`Q ivc kVw pwieAw sI[ (auN\ ies dy nW nwl iek BUq dI mnGVq khwxI vI joVI hoeI hY)[

dUjw BweI AaulIAw isMG pwilq zorwvr isMG dw mwmw sI (pwilq zorwvr isMG 2 ApRYl 1708 dy idn icqOV ivc mwirAw igAw sI)[

ienHW dohW ivcoN koeI iek ApRYl 1734 ivc AMimRqsr ivc igAw hovygw jW au~Qy rih irhw hovygw[ ho skdw hY ik ieh koeI qIjw isMG hI hovy[ pr kursInwimAW ivcoN ies dw kursInwmw nhIN iml sikAW[ ^Yr, ApRYl 1734 ivc AMimRqsr ’coN BweI mnI isMG dy nwl auQy hwizr bwkI swry is`K vI igR&qwr kr ley gey [ BweI AaulIAw isMG aunHW ivcoN iek sI[ aus ƒ vI BweI mnI isMG dy nwl 24 jUn 1734 dy idn nKws cOk, lwhOr ivc ShId kIqw igAw sI: muhkm isMG qy cYn isMG, kIrq isMG blvwn[ Awlm isMG, isMG AaulIAw, sMgq isMG, isMG kwn[ieq Awidk sB muKI is`K, gYl mnI isMG joie[ kSt dIXo bhu Kwn ny, kQn bIc nih koie[(ShId iblws, s&w 92).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 AOrMgzyb

muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn dw qIjw pu`qr, jo ArjumMd bwno (mumqwj mihl) dy audr qoN pYdw hoieAw sI[ AOrMgzyb (3.11.1618 – 20.2.1707, grYgorIAn kYlMfr muqwibk 3.3.1707) dw Asl nW AbU z&r sI[ jd Swhjhwn ny Awpxy ipqw jhWgIr dy i^lw& bZwvq kIqI sI qW aus ny AOrMgzyb Aqy dwrw iSkoh nUM Awpxy mihl ivc zmwnq dy qOr „qy nzrbMd r`iKAw sI[ jhWgIr dI mOq mgroN Swh jhwn ny q^q ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ aus ny Awpxy cwrW pu`qrW nUM sUbydwrIAW id`qIAW hoeIAW sn[ AOrMgzyb d`Kx dw sUbydwr sI[ Swhjhwn 1657 ivc bImwr pY igAw[ aus ny Awpxw vwirs dwrw iSkoh nUM AYlwinAw[ auDr Swhjhwn dy pu`qr Swh Sujwh ny bZwvq kr id`qI pr aus nUM dbw ilAw igAw[AOrMgzyb ny Swh jhwn dy dUjy pu`qr qy murwd b^S nUM cwlwkI nwl Awpxw swQI bxw ilAw[ ies mgroN Swh jhwn ny dwrw iSkoh dI AgvweI ivc AOrMgzyb qy murwd b^S dy i^lw& &Oj ByjI[aus ny ies &Oj nUM ApRYl 1658 ivc hrw id`qw[ ies hwr mgroN meI 1658 ivc SwmUgVH ivc iek hor lVweI hoeI AOrMgzyb nUM ij`q hwisl hoeI qy dwr iSkoh hwr ky pMjwb v`l B`j igAw[ hux ArMgzyb ny Awpxy bwp nUM Awgrw dy iklHy ivc kYd kr ky q^q ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ mgroN aus ny dwrw iSkoh nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw qy kYd ivc 30 Agsq 1659 (grYgorIAn kYlMfr muqwibk 9 sqMbr 1659) dy idn mwr id`qw[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny Aw^rI bcy Brw qy Awpxy swQI murwd b^S nUM vI DoKy nwl Srwb ipAw ky qy kYd kr ky 14 dsMbr 1661 dy idn mwr id`qw[ AOrMgzyb dI hkUmq 32 l`K vrg iklomItr dy ielwky ‟qy sI[ aus dI srkwr dI kul Awmdn (lgwn Aqy vsUlIAW sxy) 287 kroV 94 l`K rupY sI[ aus ny „muhIaudIn‟* (dIn nUM izMdw krn vwlw) Aqy „AwlmgIr‟ (dunIAW ij`qx vwlw) vrgy i^qwb hwisl kIqy {*Sy^ Abdul kwdr jIlwnI dI ieh pdvI sI}. mrn qo kuJ smW pihlW AOrMgzyb ny Awpxy ienkSw& ivc iliKAw: “mYnUM nhIN pqw ik mYN kOx hW Aqy pqw nhIN ik mYN ik`Qy jwvWgw, Aqy ies gunwhW nwl Bry hoey gunwhgwr nwl kI hovygw…”.

AOrMgzyb dI S^sIAq: Awpxy Awp nUM „AwlmgIr‟ AKvwaux vwlw, Awpxy BrwvW nUM kql krvwaux Aqy bwp nUM kYd ivc r~K ky mwrn vwlw AOrMgzyb izhnI bImwr (pervert) sI[ aus dI sMgIq nwl n&rq, snkI qbIAq, idKwvy dI SrA Aqy Dwrimk k~tVqw qoN jwpdw hY ik auh izhnI qOr ‟qy kw&I h`d qk bImwr sI[ dMB, idKwvw, n&rq, gu~sw, Aihswn-&rwmoSI, vwAdy qoN mukrnw, zulm krnw, jzbwqI qy snkI &Ysly krnw vI aus dI ies izhnI bImwrI dI pYdwvwr sn[ ZYr-muslmwnW nwl n&rq dw aus nUM SYdwA sI[ aus ny ihMdUAW dy sYNkVy mMdr, ijnHW ivc (audoN dy) l~KW rupY ^rc ky bxwey v~fy v~fy mMdr vI Swiml sn, Fwh idqy sn[ ienHW ivc mQrw dy kySvrwE mMdr (1666 ivc), bnwrs dw ivSvnwQ mMdr (1669 ivc), mQrw dw gopInwQ mMdr (1669 ivc), aujYn, knOj, Ajmyr qy bMgwl dy keI mMdr vI Swiml sn[ AOrMgzyb ny hkUmq sMBwlx dy nwl hI 1659 ivc hI hukm jwrI kr idqy sn ik ihMdUAW nMU koeI nvW mMdr bxwaux dI iejwzq nhIN hovygI[ ies hukm muqwibk pihlW bxy mMdr kwiem rihx dI iejwzq sI[ pr g`dI sMBwlx qoN 6 swl mgroN aus ny Awpxw ieh hukm vI bdl idqw qy swry purwxy v`fy mMdr Fwhux dy hukm jwrI kr idqy[ hYrwnI dI g`l qW ieh hY ik ijnHW SihrW ivc mMdr Fwhy gey, aunHW ivcoN bhuiqAW dy sUbydwr jW &Ojdwr jW koqvwl ihMdU rwjpUq sn[

jnvrI 1679 ivc aus ny audYpur dw mMdr FwihAw; hwlWik audYpur iek ihMdU-rwjpUq irAwsq sI[ 8 mwrc nUM KMfylw, swnymylw qy Awly-duAwly dy mMdr Aqy 25 meI 1679 nUM joDpur dy mMdr Fwh id`qy qy ies dIAW mUrqIAW qoV ky jwmw msijd dIAW pOVIAW hyTW pYrW hyT ilqwVn vwsqy rK id`qIAW[ joDpur vI iek v`fI ihMdU-rwjpUq irAwsq sI[ pihlW jnvrI 1670 ivc mQrw ivc nr isMh buMdylw dw bxwieAw iek bVw v`fw mMdr vI Fwh id`qw sI qy mQrw dw nW bdl ky „ieslwmwbwd‟ r`K id`qw sI[ ies vyly mQrw dw &Ojdwr ihMdU rwjpUq sI[ 10 Agsq 1680 dy idn bnyr dy 66 mMdrW nUM Fwhux dI ^br bwdSwh nUM id`qI geI sI[ ieQoN pqw lgdw hY ik rwjpUq rwjy qy &Ojdwr eyny nwmrd qy byZYrq sn ik auh Awpxy rwj ivc mMdr Fwhy jwx dy i^lw& vI Awvwz qk auTwaux dI jur`Aq nhIN sn rKdy[ (ienHW swrIAW GtnwvW dw izkr „mAwisir-ie-AwlmgIrI‟ ivc (pMjwbI XUnIvristI dI pMjwbI ivc qrjmw hoeI AYfISn) s&y 80, 156, 158, 169, 176 „qy imldw hY)[

AOrMgzyb ny qW ihMdUAW qy jzIAw vI lwgU kr idqw sI qy cuMgI dI dr muslmwnW qoN dugxI kr idqI sI[ AOrMgzyb ny is`KW dIAW DrmswlwvW Fwhux dw hukm vI jwrI kIqw sI qy bUVIAw ksby dI Drmswlw Fwh vI idqI sI (pr AOrMgzyb dy ijaUNidAW hI, is`KW ny jldI hI ies nMU dubwrw auswr ilAw sI)[

dUjy pwsy AOrMgzyb ny iSvwjI mrh`tw nwl „dosqI‟ bxwaux dI pUrI koiSS kIqI sI[ aus ny qW iSvwjI dy pu`qr sMBwjI nUM julweI 1675 ivc „Cy hzwrI Cy hzwr svwr‟ dw mnsb vI id`qw sI qy nwl hI eInwm vjoN A`sI hzwr dwm, JMfw qy ngwrw vI b^iSS kIqy sn[ (swkI musqAwd ^wn, „mAwisir AwlmgIrI‟, pMjwbI AYfISn, s&w 124)[ auN\ pihlW iSvwjI mrh`tw dw juAweI nyqU Kqnw krvw ky muslmwn bx igAw sI qy aus nUM nvW nW kulI ^wn id`qw igAw sI qy nwl hI „iqMn hzwrI do hzwr‟ dw mnsb vI id`qw igAw sI („mAwisir AwlmgIrI‟, s&w 80)[ ieh v`KrI g`l hY ik AOrMgzyb dI iSvwjI nwl pUrI ieksurqw nw bx skI[ iSvwjI 19 meI 1680 dy idn mr igAw[

AOrMgzyb dI ZYr-muslmwnW nwl n&rq dw kwrn, aus dw srhMd dw nkSbMdI ausqwd sI[ auh bcpn ivc pihly kuJ swl qW sulqwnpur loDI ivc pVHdw irhw sI pr Pyr auh SYK sY&-aud-dIn dy Asr hyT Aw igAw sI[ nkSbMdI i&rky dw ieh g`dIdwr byhd i&rkU Aqy muq`sb nwl BirAw zihrIlw S^s sI[ aus ny AOrMgzyb dy idl ivc ZYr-muslmwnW vwsqy zihr Br idqw, jo aus ny Aw^rI swhW qk sMBwlI r`iKAw[

AOrMgzyb Aqy is`K: AOrMgzyb dI iesy bImwr izhnIAq ny 1661 ivc gurU hir rwie swihb nUM id`lI qlb kIqw ijs ‟qy aunHW ny Awpxy pu`qr rwm rwie nUM as kol ByijAw (qy rwm rwie AOrMgzyb dy nwl rl igAw)[ ies mgroN rwm rwey dy kihx ‟qy 1664 ivc gurU hrikSn swihb nUM id`lI qlb kIqw (ij`Qy auh 30 mwrc 1664 dy idn joqI joiq smw gey)[ iPr aus ny 1665 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM ShId krn dw hukm id`qw jY isMh imrzw dy p`uqr rwm isMh kCvwhw dy kihx ‟qy mwrn dI QW kYd kr id`qw[ iPr 1675 ivc aus ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM ShId krn dw hukm id`qw[ auh gurU goibMd isMG jI dy i^lw& vI AYkSn krnw cwhuMdw sI pr d`Kx ivc hox kr ky bhuq kuJ nw kr sikAw[ dsMbr 1705 dy Aw^rI idnW ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI ny aus nUM imlx vwsqy pYZwm ByijAw jo aus nUM 1706 ivc imilAw[ ies ‟qy aus ny gurU jI nUM bulw ByijAw pr ies mulwkwq qoN pihlW hI aus dI mOq ho geI[ aus mgroN aus dy pu`qrW ivc q^q vwsqy lVweIAW hoeIAW (ijs ivc aus dy do pu`qr, Awzm Swh 8 jUn 1707 dy idn jzwaU ivc qy kwm b^S 14 jnvrI 1709 dy idn d`Kx ivc) mwry gey) qy bhwdr Swh 19 jUn 1707 dy idn q^q ‟qy bYiTAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Aivqwibl/AivqwbIl

(ietwlIAn aucwrx AwvIqwibly) pwElo d AvIqwibl (25.101791-28.3.1850) ietlI dy iek ikswn dw pu`qr sI[ auh nYpolIAn dIAW jMgW ivc liVAw sI[ vwtrlU ivc nYpolIAn dI hwr mgroN 1820 ivc auh prSIAw (eIrwn) dy Swh dI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ aus ny Awpxy kMm dy sdky krnl dw Ahudw hwisl kIqw Aqy v`fy qmZy ij`qy[ 1824 ivc auh ietlI muV igAw[ 1827 ivc auh pMjwb AwieAw Aqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc Swiml ho igAw[ 1829 ivc aus nUM vzIrwbwd dw nwzm bxw id`qw igAw[ 1837 ivc auh ipSwvr dw sUbydwr bixAw[ aus bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik auh bhuq s^q suBwA dw sI qy mujirmW nUM bVIAW zwlmwnW szwvW idAw krdw sI[ auh 1843 qk pMjwb ivc irhw pr mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy kql mgroN auh ietlI muV igAw qy nYplIz ivc AwlISwn Gr bxw ky rihx lg ipAw[ ies mgroN aus ny iek mukwmI kuVI nwl SwdI kIqI pr CyqI hI auh cVHweI kr igAw[ aus nUM ipSwvr dy lok AbU qbylw dy nW nwl Xwd krdy sn. (skY~c: Aivqwbl):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Abul klwm (mOlwnw Azwd)

pUrw nW Abul klwm Aihmd muheIaudIn (11.11.1888 -22.2.1958) dw jnm m`kw (swaUdI Arb) ivc iek bMgwlI mOlwxw muhMmd ^Yru`dIn dI mdInw vwsI ArbI pqnI dI ku`K qoN hoieAw sI[ 1890 ivc ieh pRvwr bMgwl muV AwieAw[ Abul klwm ny bhuq pVHweI kIqI[ ieslwm dy ielm ivc aus dw koeI swnI nhIN sI[ 1912 ivc aus ny ‘A`l ihlwj’ nW dw A^bwr k`Fxw SurU kIqw, ijs ’qy srkwr ny 1914 ivc pwbMdI lw id`qI[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny i^lw&q dI lihr ivc qy AzwdI dI j`dojihd vI bhuq ih`sw pwieAw[ aus nUM keI vwr igR&qwr kIqw igAw qy aus ny keI swl jylW ivc ibqwey[ aus ny fw mu^qwr Aihmd AMswrI, hkIm Ajml ^wn nwl iml ky id`lI ivc jwmIAw mIlIAw ieslwmIAw dI nINh r`KI, jo mgroN XUnIvristI bx igAw[ auh kWgrs pwrtI dw pRDwn vI bixAw[ aus ny pwiksqwn dI mMg dI mu^wl&q vI kIqI Aqy gWDI qy nihrU dw swQI bixAw irhw[ ies kr ky ijnwh ny aus nUM ‘SoA buAwey Aw& kWgrs’ (kWgrs dw muMfU) dw lkb id`qw sI[ AwzwdI qoN bwAd auh do vwr mYNbr pwrlImYNt bixAw qy AYjUkySn minstr vI bixAw[

aus ny ‘ieMfIAw ivnz &rIfm’ ikqwb vI ilKI jo 1957 ivc CpI[ aus ny ies ivc 30 s&y C`f id`qy sn qy ikhw sI ik ieh aus dI mOq qoN 30 swl mgroN Cwpy jwx[ ienHW ivc aus ny iliKAw sI ik Bwrq dI vMf dy Asl izMmydwr nihrU qy ptyl sn jo qwkq hwisl krn vwsqy ieh swrw kuJ kr rhy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

iemwm b^S

jd gurU hrgoibMd swihb gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivcoN irhw ho ky Awey qW aunHW ny ruhIlw ipMf dI swr vI leI (ies nUM gurU Arjn swihb ny vswieAw sI qy ies dw nW goibMdpur r`iKAw sI qy hux ies nUM hirgoibMdpur AwKdy hn)[ gurU swihb dI gvwlIAr kYd dOrwn ies QW ’qy Bgvwn dws GyrV (cMdU dw kuVm) ny nwjwiez kbzw kr ilAw sI[ gurU swihb ny Bgvwn dws qoN ies dw kbzw vwips KoihAw Aqy ies QW nUM Pyr sMvwirAw qy vswieAw[ kuJ idnW mgroN Bgvwn dws GyrV ny cMdU dy pu`qr krm cMd dI mdd nwl iek &Oj iek`TI kIqI Aqy 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies hmly ivc burI qrHW hwr Kwx mgroN Bgvwn dws GyrV ny jlMDr dy muslmwn hwkm nUM pYsy dy ky aus dI &Oj nUM cVHw ilAWdw[ 3 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn Pyr bVI Gmswn dI lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc Bgvwn dws GyrV, aus dw pu`qr rqn cMd qy cMdU dw pu`qr krm cMd iqMny hI mwry gey[ ies hwr mgroN iksy hor nUM gurU swihb ’qy hmlw krn dw hOslw nw ipAw[ 3 AkqUbr dI lVweI ivc hornW dy nwl-nwl BweI nwnU (BweI mnI isMG dy dwdy dy Brw), BweI prwgw (BweI mqI dws qy sqI dws dy pVdwdw), BweI mQrw B`t (ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hY) ny vI lVweI ivc bhwdrI dy ^Ub zOhr idKwey Aqy ies lVweI ivc aus ny ShIdI jwm vI pIqw[ ies lVweI ivc aunHW ny hornW qoN ielwvw muZl jrnYlW bYrm KW qy eImwm b^S ƒ vI mwirAw sI[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

eIsw ^wn

iek mM\ zwq dw cODrI jo kuJ icr duAwby dw nwieb &Ojdwr irhw[ bMdw isMG bhwdr vyly ieh jMgl dys (mwlvw) dw &Ojdwr sI[ 24 meI 1710 nUM muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh tofw ksbw ivc sI[ ie`Qy aus ƒ srhMd ’qy is`KW dy kbzy Aqy vzIr ^wn dy mwry jwx dI ^br dI qweId hoeI[ bhwdr Swh ny id`lI dy mus`dIAW v`l hukm ilKwieAw ik auh ^wn jhwn bhwdur sUbydwr Alwhwbwd qy AbYd ^wn bhwdur nUM mdd vjoN 8 l`K rupY dyx; Ar A&zl ^wn nUM hukm id`qw igAw ik auh Swhjhwnwbwd jwvy Aqy ^wn bhwdur, Abdu`lw ^wn, SmSyr ^wn, cyq isMh (zmINdwr kmwEN) qy AnUp isMh qy eIsw ^wn vZYrw nUM ‘gurU’ (bMdw isMG) dI qwVnw vwsqy Byjy[28 AprYl nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br id`qI geI ik 20 AprYl nUM is`K &qihbwd (goieMdvwl qoN 6 iklomItr) ivc sn[ au~QoN dy Qwnydwr Aqy zmINdwr eIsw ^wn (jo mgroN duAwbw dw nwieb bxwieAw igAw) ny iml ky ienHW is`KW nwl zbrdsq t`kr leI ijs ivc bhuq swry is`K mwry gey sn[ 25 meI nUM bwdSwh ny eIsw ^wn nUM duAwbw-ibsq dw nwieb &Ojdwr bxw id`qw qy aus nUM vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ’qy Byj id`qw[16 jUn nUM bwdSwh nUM ^br imlI ik is`K &OjW vzIrwbwd qoN phwVW v`l inkl geIAW hn qy sFOry v`l jw rhIAW hn[ aus nUM d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG phwVW ivcoN jw irhw hY qy aus ny dobwrw lohgVH ’qy kbzw krnw hY[ ies ’qy aus ny v`fy Sihzwdy jhWdwr ^wn Aqy eIsw ^wn (nwieb &Ojdwr ibsq doAwb jlMDr) dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh sFOry v`l jw ky is`KW nUM Gyrn[gurdws nMgl dw Gyrw ipCly fyF mhIny qoN jwrI sI[ 14 meI 1715 ƒ bwdSwh ny eIsw ^wn mM\ (&Ojdwr l`KI jMgl) ƒ vI hukm jwrI kIqw ik auh vI AwpxI &Oj lY ky gurdws nMgl vl clw jwvy[ bMdw isMG bhwdr dy i^lw& qkrIbn hr muihMm ivc ieh A`gy sI[ ies eIsw ^wn ny hI ny 1708 ivc kotkpUrw dy hwkm kpUr isMG brwV (jIjw BweI f`lw isMG qlvMfI swbo) nUM DoKy nwl &WsI dy ky mwr id`qw sI[ mgroN kpUr isMG dy pu`qr muKIAw ny eIsw ^wn kql kr ky aus dy ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

eISr isMG mukqw

ipMf f`l-vW vwsI BweI eISr isMG dI izMdgI bwry vDyry jwxkwrI qW nhIN imldI pr eynw zrUr pqw l`gdw hY ik jdoN gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb ivc ivswKI dy idn sIs-Byt kOqk kIqw qW pMj is`KW v`loN isr Byt krn mgroN ijhVy pMj hor is`K gurU swihb ƒ Awpxw isr hwizr krn vwsqy KVy hoey sn eISr dws (pwhul mgroN eISr isMG) aunHW ivcoN iek sI [ Awp pMjW ƒ gurU swihb ny ‘pMj mukqy” AwK ky mwx id`qw sI[ ies mgroN gurU swihb ny pMj ipAwirAW ƒ KMfy dI pwhul id`qI qy iPr ienHW pMj ipAwirAW ƒ sμgqW ƒ AMimRq Ckwaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ pMjW ipAwirAW h`QoN AMimRq C`kx vwilAW ivcoN eISr isMG dw nMbr cOQw sI[

eISr isMG gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy drbwrI isMGW ivcoN iek sI [ auh hr vyly gurU swihb dy nwl hI irhw krdw sI[ aus ny AnMdpur swihb Aqy inrmohgVH ivc gurU swihb ’qy hoey swry hmilAW dOrwn hmlwvr &OjW dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw sI[ jdoN gurU swihb 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq vyly AnMdpur swihb C`f ky clx l`gy qW eISr isMG Aqy 39 hor isMGW ny gurU swihb dy nwl hI jIx-mrn dw pRx kIqw[ aunHW ikhw ik auh gurU swihb vwsqy AwpxI jwn qk vwr dyxgy qy Awpxy Aw^rI swhW qk Awpxw pRx inBwauxgy[ eISr isMG AnMdpur qoN gurU swihb dy nwl tuirAw Aqy kIrqpur, srsw ndI qoN huμdy hoey cmkOr pu`jw[ ies vyly 7 dsμbr 1705 dI svyr ho cu`kI sI[ ies mgroN ieh swry isMG cmkOr ivc BweI buDI cMd rwvq dI gVHI ivc Arwm krn l`g pey[ ausy dupihr hzwrW dI igxqI ivc muZl &OjW ny gVHI ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ isr& cwr drjn is`KW ny ies v`fI muZl &Oj dw ft ky mukwblw kIqw[ rwq qk ienHW isMGW ivcoN 38 isMG, sYNkVy muZl ispwhIAW ƒ mwrn mgroN, ShId ho cu`ky sn[ ienHW 38 isMGW ivc BweI eISr isMG vI Swiml sI[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

eISr isMG

BweI eISr isMG kyvl isMG dw pu`qr, AWfU dw poqw, qy jgnw dw pVpoqw sI[jgnw Bgvwnw dw pu`qr, rUpw dw poqw qy rxml dw pVpoqw sI[ rxml rwTOr-rwjpUq pirvwr nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[rxml dw qwieAw aUdw vI gurU swihb dy ^ws is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ aus dw poqw suKIAw mWfn BweI mnI isMG dw Pu`PV sI[eISr isMG horIN lwfvw (hux hirAwxw) dy rihx vwly sn[ ieh pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN hI gurU swihb dw swidk irhw sI[

jdoN CyvyN nwnk gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny &Oj bxweI qW ies pirvwr ’coN bhuq swry jxy gurU swihb dI &Oj ivc Swiml hoey sn[rxml dw poqw DUVw (pu`qr godVIAw) 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ ieM\ hI rx ml dy v`fy pu`qr Bojw dy poqy P`qU qy AmIAw, dovyN, 26 ApRYl 1635 dy idn krqwpur dI lVweI ivc ShId hoey sn[ ienHW dw v`fw Brw j`gU 29 ApRYl 1635 dy idn PgvwVw dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[

ienHW iqMnW ShIdW dy Brw Kymw cMdnIAW dw pu`qr (qy ienHW dw BqIjw) aUdw gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy vyly dy pRmuK is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ jdoN gurU swihb kSmIrI pMfqW dI &irAwd lY ky id`lI ƒ gey sn qW ieh aUdw vI id`lI igAw sI[ mgroN aUdw 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn BMgwxI dI lVweI ivc ShId ho igAw sI[

eISr isMG dI ShIdI qoN bwAd vI ieh pirvwr pMQ dI syvw krdw irhw sI[eISr isMG dw Cotw Brw 8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH ivc ShId hoieAw sI[eISr isMG dy v`fy Brw kIrq isMG dw pu`qr krn isMG 6 ApRYl 1709 dy idn AMimRqsr dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw ies pirvwr ny hor vI keI ShIdIAW hwisl kIqIAW sn[

eISr isMG dI ShIdI 29 Agsq 1700 dy idn qwrwgVH iklHy dI ih&wzq kridAW hoeI sI[ ieh iklHw qwrwgVH AnMdpur swihb qoN pMj ku iklomItr dUr ipMf qwrwpur dI jUh ivc sMn 1690 ivc hI iqAwr hoxw SurU hoieAw sI[ 29 Agsq sMn 1700 dy idn iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny svyry-svyry Acwnk hI ies iklHy ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ audoN swihbzwdw AjIq isMG dI kmwn hyT QoVHy ijhy is`K ie`Qy hwizr sn[ ienHW swirAW ny hmlwvr &OjW dw f`t ky twkrw kIqw[ ieh lVweI iek pihr (qkrIbn iqMn GMty) cldI rhI[ eyny ivc hI ies hmly dI ^br iklHw AnMdgVH ivc pu`j geI[ au~QoN gurU jI ny audy isMG dI kmwn hyT svw sO hor isMG Byjy[ A^Ir Ajmyr cMd ny mYdwn C`f id`qw Aqy B`j igAw[ ies lVweI ivc eISr isMG, BweI mMgq isMG, kilAwn isMG qy horW ny ShIdIAW hwisl kIqIAW[eISr isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:

“eISr isMG bytw kyvl kw poqw AwVU kw, ibMjlauq, kilAwn isMG bytw idAwl dws kw, poqw mweI dws kw, bMJrauq, mMgq isMG bytw ibMny au~pl kw……. vwsI AMb mwVI, prgnw lwhOr….swl sqrW sY sqvMjw Bwdv pRivSty aun`qIs vIrvwr ky idhuM, gurU ky Sihzwdy AjIq isMG kw bcn pwie iklHw qwrwgVH ky mlhwn, prgnw qwrwpur, eyk pihr Gor juD kr ky, Gxy prbqI mwr, swhmyN mwQy rx myN jUJ kr Shwdq pwie gey [ GumMf cMd bytw gMBIr cMd kw, BweI aUdY isMG ky hwQ sy Gwiel hUAw[”

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

AwktrlonI sr fyivf AwktrlonI (12.2.1758 – 15..7.1825) bostn (AmrIkw) ivc pYdw hoieAw iek nOjvwn sI, jo 1777 ivc ihMdosqwn AwieAw sI[ ie`Qy Aw ky aus ny AwpxI bhwdrI Aqy sUJ dI DWk jmw leI[ pihlW auh lwrf lyk hyTW iek sInIAr &OjI jrnYl sI[ 1803 ivc aus nUM id`lI dw rYzIfYNt bxw id`qw igAw sI qy 1804 ivc aus nUM myjr jnrl dw Ahudw dy id`qw igAw[ iesy swl jd

mrh`tw jrnYl jsvMq rwE holkr ny id`lI ’qy hmlw kIqw qW ies ny aus nUM hrw ky Bjw id`qw sI[ 1816 ivc aus ny nYpwl dy goriKAW nUM hrwieAw[ ies mgroN aus nUM bhuq swry ^qwb qy AYvwrf id`qy gey[ 1818 ivc aus nUM rwjpUqwnw ivc rYzIfYNt lw id`qw igAw (id`lI pihlW hI aus dy pRbMD hyT sI)[

eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI ny ies nUM mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI nwl sbMDW vwsqy s&wrqI numwieMdw bxwieAw sI[ sMn 1812 ivc KVk isMG dI SwdI vyly ieh ^ws mihmwnW ivcoN iek sI[ 1825 ivc ies ny Brqpur dy rwjy dI mdd kIqI Aqy aus dI mdd vwsqy &Oj qweInwq krn dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw,ijs nUM gvrnr jnrl lwrf AYmrst ny r`d kr id`qw[ ies ’qy ies ny AsqI&w dy id`qw qy id`lI ivc rihx lg ipAw[ julweI 1825 ivc auh myrT ivc sI, ij`Qy idl dw dOrw pYx nwl aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Awr.AYs.AYs

(rwStrIAw soiem syvk sMG):

ieh i&rkwpRsq qy buinAwdpRsq ihMdUAW dI iek nIm &OjI iksm dI jmwq hY[ Awr.AYs.AYs. dI nINh 27 sqMbr 1925 dy idn kySv blrwm hYfgyvr ny r`KI sI[ ies dw dUjw muK AwsU vI.fI. swvrkr sI[ AMgryzW dy huMidAW ieh aunHW dy v&wdwr sn[ 1947 qoN mgroN hOlI-hOlI ies ny isAwsI pwrtIAW dy i&rkwpRsq AwgUAW Aqy srkwrI A&srW nwl rwbqw bxw ky aunHW nUM ies jmwq dw ih`sw bxw ilAw[ ies dy AwgUAW dy bwl gMgwDr iqlk qy ihMdU mhW sBw nwl gUVHy sbMD rhy sn[ mgroN ies jmwq nwl AYm.AYs. golvwlkr vI juV igAw sI[ dUjI jMg ivc ies dy AwgU ihtlr qy musolInI dy pRsMsk rhy sn[ 30 jnvrI 1948 dy idn kWgrs dy ihMdU AwgU mohn dws gWDI dw kql krn vwly iesy jmwq nwl sbMDq sn[ ieh Bwrq dy ivDwn Aqy JMfy nUM n&rq krdy hn Aqy mnU dy ivDwn Aqy Bgvy JMfy nUM lwgU krnw cwhuMdy hn[ golvwlkr (1940-73) qoN mgroN mDUkr d`qwqRY idErs (1973-93), rwjyNdr isMh (1993-2000), ky.AYs. sudrSn (2000-2009), mohn Bwgvq (21.3.2009 qoN hux qk) ies dy muKI rhy hn[ ies qoN ielwvw blrwj mDok, dIn idAwl aupwDXwey, lwl ikSn AfvwnI, Awid vI ies jmwq dy muK AwgU rhy hn[BwrqI jnqw pwrtI (pihloN jnsMG) ies dw isAwsI ivMg hY[ ies qoN ielwvw BwrqI mzdUr sMG, BwrqI ikswn sMG, AiKl BwrqI ividAwrQI pRISd, ivSv ihMdU pRISd , syvw BwrqI, rwStrI syivkw sMmqI, ihMdU svXM syvk sMG, svwdySI jwgrx mMc, srsvqI iSSU mMdr, ividAw BwrqI, nvvwsI kilAwx AwSrm, bjrMg dl, AnUsUicq jwqI-jmwqI AwrkSn bcwE pRISd ienHW dIAW Sw^wvW hn[ieh jmwq ZYr-ihMdUAW nUM n&rq krdI hY qy Ajoky Bwrq nUM ‘ihMdU rwStr’ bxwauxw cwhuMdI hY[ieh is`KW nUM ihMdUAW dw iek i&rkw dsdI hY ijs dw swry is`K f`t ky ivroD krdy hn[

muslmwnW nUM Pswaux vwsqy ienHW ny ‘musilm rwStrIAw mMc’ Aqy is`KW nUM Pswaux vwsqy ‘rwStrIAw is`K sMgq’ kwiem kIqIAW hoeIAW hn [rwStrIAw is`K sMgq’ AKOqI dsm-gRMQ (drAsl swkq mq dw ‘bicqr nwtk’) nUM gurU rcnw kih ky prcwrdy hn qW jo is`K gurU gRMQ swihb qoN tu`t jwx[

keI is`K ienHW dy is`Dy qy Ais`Dy ihmwieqI hn, ijvyN ruldw isMG (jo kql ho cukw hY), gurcrn isMG lWbw (‘sMq ispwhI’, jlMDr), (pRo) hrBjn isMG fyhrwdUn, hrpwl isMG pMnU (pitAwlw), qrlocn isMG swbkw AYm.pI. vZYrw[ igAwnI pUrn isMG, joigMdr isMG vydWqI, ieMdrjIq isMG gogoAwnI, iBMfrW-mihqw jQw (cOk mihqw fyrw), AKMf kIrqnI jQw dw iek DVw, ivrsw isMG id`lI dw fyrw, nwnksr (klyrW) fyrw, rwVw fyrw, iphovw fyrw, b`DnI klW fyrw, msqUAwxw fyrw, Drm isMG qy kuJ hor inhMg qy AKOqI dsm gRMQ dy is`Dy qy Ais`Dy ihmwieqI ienHW dI hI tIm mMny jWdy hn[

1996 ivc pRkwS isMG bwdl vI ies jmwq dw sQweI YNbr bx igAw sI[

ienHW ny bhuq swry vY~b sweIt bxwey hoey hn ijnHW qoN pMQk hox dw BulyKw pYNdw hY pr ieh is`K &ls&y Aqy is`K S^sIAqW dy i^lw& prcwr krn ihq vrqy jWdy hn[ kuJ dUjy vY~bsweIt ienHW dy pMQ ivroDI prcwr nUM PYlwaux ivc mdd vI krdy hn[ ienHW ivcoN muK hn:

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(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swdw, BweI (1)

quklwnI ipMf (izlHw &rIdkot) dw vwsI BweI swdw iek qrKwx sI[ auh mShUr muslmwn &kIr sKI srvr dw murId sI[ Awpxy pu`qr swDU dI SwdI qoN bwAd aus ny sKI srvr dI murIdI C`f id`qI qy is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw[ aus dy poqy BweI rUpw ny is`K qvwrI^ ivc bhuq Aihm QW bxwieAw. vyKo: rUpw, BweI.

swdw, BweI (2)

bl^ (A&Zwinsqwn dw iek cwr hzwr swl qoN vD purwny ngr, mzwry-SrI& qoN 75 iklomItr dUr) dw invwsI BweI swdw gurU hrgoibMd swihb dw pRymI is`K sI[ ies vwr auh gurU jI vwsqy GoVy lYx vwsqy ierwk v`l c`ilAw[ aus vyly aus dw lVkw bhuq bImwr sI[ lokW ny aus nUM roikAw, pr aus ny gurU dI syvw nUM mu`K rK ky cwly pw id`qy[ Ajy aus ny iek pVwA hI sr kIqw sI ik aus nUM pu`qr dy mrn dI ^br imlI, pr ies dy bwvjUd auh Gr nhIN muiVAw[ auh iqMn GoVy kY ky gurU jI kol pu`jw[ ies Gtnw dw izkr zuli&kwr ArdsqwnI ny ‘dibsqwny mzwihb’ ivc kIqw hY[ ies Gtnw qoN iksy lyKk ny ieh khwxI vI GV leI sI ik aus koloN ieh GoVy Swhjhwn dy mnsbdwr ^lIl ^wn ny Koh ley sn[ swdw dw nW swD iliKAw vI imldw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swDwrx, BweI
BweI swDwrx gurU Amr dws jI dy vyly dw iek qrKwx, jo iek SrDwvwn is`K sI[ jd gurU jI ny goieMdvwl ivc bwaulI bxvweI qW ies ny jl dy AMdr rihx vwlI l`kV dI pauVI bxweI sI[ ies dI syvw Aqy sUJ qoN ^uS ho ky gurU jI ny ies nUM pRcwrk dI mMjI b^SI hoeI sI (auN\ BweI gurdws, ijnHW ny XwrHvIN vwr ivc drjnW is`KW dw izkr kIqw hY, auh BweI swDwrx dw izkr nhIN krdy[ ho skdw hY ik ieh nW (BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI) ‘is`KW dI Bgqmwlw’ ivc sUrq isMG inrmlw ny GVy hox (ijhw ik aus ny hor bVw kuJ koloN GV ky, BweI mnI isMG dy nW ’qy ilKIAW, AwpxIAW ilKqW ivc Swiml kIqw hY). hor vyKo: swDwrn.

swDwrn, BweI
mihqpur (izlHw jlMDr) vwsI BweI swDwrn nW dw iek qrKwx gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly dw iek SrDwvwn is`K sI[ ieh gurU jI kol goieMdvwl AauNdw rihMdw sI qy ielwky ivc isKI dw pRcwr vI krdw sI (auN\ BweI gurdws, ijnHW ny XwrHvIN vwr ivc drjnW is`KW dw izkr kIqw hY, auh BweI swDwrn dw izkr nhIN krdy[ ho skdw hY ik ieh nW (BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI) ‘is`KW dI Bgqmwlw’ ivc sUrq isMG inrmlw ny GVy hox (ijhw ik aus ny hor bVw kuJ koloN GV ky, BweI mnI isMG dy nW ’qy ilKIAW, AwpxIAW ilKqW ivc Swiml kIqw hY). hor vyKo: swDwrx.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sBw kOr

1. rwjw hmIr isMG nwBw dI bytI BMgI imsl dy swihb isMG (hwkm gujrwq) nwl ivAwhI hoeI sI[ swihb isMG dI mOq 1811 ivc hoeI sI[ sBw kOr dw nW suBw kOr iliKAw vI imldw hY 2. Swhbwd dy reIs rxjIq isG dI bytI, ijs dI SwdI rwjw sMgq isMG (pu`qr rwjw &qih isMG jINd) nwl 1824 ivc hoeI sI[ sMgq isMG 1834 ivc Akwl clwxw kr igAw sI[ sBw kOr dI koeI AOlwd nhIN sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

s`cn s`c

1. s`co s`c, inrol sc (hor vyKo: s`co s`c) 2. BweI s`cn s`c m`dr nW dy iek ipMf (qhsIl Srkpur, izlHw lwhOr, Srkpur qoN 6 iklomItr dUr) dw rihx vwlw iek bRwhmx sI[ auh gurU Amr dws swihb vyly is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ aus dI ieh ^wsIAq sI ik auh Aksr ‘s`cn s`c’* Sbd vriqAw krdw sI, jo aus dI A`l pY geI sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk hrIpur (ihmWcl pRdyS) dI iek rwxI (jW rwjkumwrI), jo mwnisk qOr ’qy shI nhIN sI, nUM Arog kr ky gurU jI ny aus dI SwdI ies nwl kr id`qI sI[ gurU jI ny s`cn s`c nUM Drm pRcwr vwsqy ‘mMjI’ (vyKo: mMjI) b^SI hoeI sI[ ies ipMf ivc ‘gurduAwrw s`cI mMjI’ bixAw hoieAw sI, ijs ivc gurU Amr dws swihb dw joVw sMBwilAw hoieAw sI[ 1947 ivc is`K p`CmI pMjwb qoN ihjrq kr gey qW auh Awpxy nwl ieh joVw lY gey sn[ hux ieh gurduAwrw aujwV ipAw hY. {*s`cn s`c= 1. (vwihgurU) sB qoN v`fw s`c (hY) 2. (qusIN jo kihMdy ho auh) sB qoN v`fw s`c (hY)}.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sdw kOr (nwBw)

ieh nwBw irAwsq dy rwjw hmIr isMG (rwjw 1755 – dsMbr 1783) dI (rwxI mweI dyso dI ku`K qoN) puqrI sI qy ies dw ivAwh jY isMG btwlw nwl hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sdw kOr (rwxI)

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI s`s sdw kOr (1762-26.12.1832) dw jnm dsONdw isMG ig`l, vwsI rwaukw klW (mogw) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw ivAwh knHeIAw imsl dy muKI jY isMG dy pu`qr gurb^S isMG nwl hoieAw sI[ gurb^S isMG dI mOq Acl vtwlw dI lVweI ivc hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc rwjw sMswr cMd kWgVw, j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw, mhW isMG sukrc`kIAw (ipqw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG) kneIAw imsl dy i^lw& lVy sn[ pr, ies duSmxI nUM Bu`ldy hoey, sdw kOr ny 1786 ivc AwpxI DI mihqwb kOr (aumr 4 swl) dI SwdI mhW isMG sukrckIAw dy pu`qr rxjIq isMG (jo audoN sr& 6 swl dw sI) nwl kr id`qI[ 1789 ivc knHeIAw imsl dy muKI jY isMG dI mOq ho geI qy imsl dI kmWf ies ny sMBwl leI[ 1792 ivc mhW isMG vI mr igAw qy (12 swl dw jvwn) rxjIq isMG sukrckIAw imsl dw muKI bx igAw[ ies smyN sdw kOr ny rxjIq isMG dI pUrI mdd kIqI[ aus dy A`T hzwr jvwn hr vyly rxjIq isMG dy nwl rhy[ 1799 ivc lwhOr ’qy kbzw krn ivc aus dw v`fw rol sI[ ies mgroN vI AMimRqsr, cinEt, ksUr, Atk, kWgVw Aqy hzwrw ’qy kbzw krn vyly vI sdw kOr ny aus dw pUrw swQ id`qw[ 1802 ivc rxjIq isMG ny nwcI morW nwl SwdI kr leI Aqy aus ny mhwrwxI mihqwb kOr nUM nzr AMdwz krnw SurU kr id`qw[sdw kOr ny ies g`l nUM psMd nw kIqw qy ies nwl aunHW ivc dUrI vDx lg peI[ auh rxjIq isMG dy sB qoN v`fy pu`qr KVk isMG dI SwdI ivc vI Swiml nw hoeI[ hwlW ik sdw kOr dw koeI pu`qr nhIN sI qy aus dI irAwsq aus dy dohiqAW (rxjIq isMG dy pu`qrW Syr isMG qy qwrw isMG) nUM hI imlxI sI, pr rxjIq isMG ny sdw kOr dI irAwsq ’qy kbzw krn dI ^wihS nwl 1821 ivc aus nUM lwhOr bulw ky DoKy nwl kYd kr ilAw[ ies vwr aus ny Bjx dI koiSS vI kIqI, pr rxjIq isMG ny aus nU iPr kwbU kr ilAw[ kYd ivc hI aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

s`dw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw

s`dw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw imsl dy s. j`sw isMG dw CkVdwdw (pVdwdy dw ipqw, dwdy dw dwdw) sI[ aus dw nW swDU isMG, s`dw isMG qy s`do iliKAw vI imldw hY[ s`dw isMG dw pu`qr gopwl isMG sI[ gopwl isMG dw dyvw isMG; dyvw isMG dy iqMn pu`qr (gurb^S isMG, sdr isMG qy bdr isMG) sn[ bdr isMG dw pu`qr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw sI[ j`sw isMG dw koeI pu`qr nhIN sI[ j`sw isMG dI mOq (1783) mgroN, aus dy v`fy qwey gurb^S isMG dw pVpoqw Bwg isMG (j`sw isMG dw BqIjw) aus dy rwj dw vwirs bixAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

s`dw isMG kroVwisMGIAw

s`dw isMG (pu`qr hzUrI isMG) au~pl KqrI, vwsI pMjvV (izlHw qrnqwrn), kroVwisMGIAw imsl dw jrnYl sI[ 1770 ivc auh pitAwlw dy rwjw Amr isMG dI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ aus nUM bhwdrI idKwx bdly eInwm ivc DnOrw (AMbwlw izlHw) dy ielwky ivc 48 ipMf imly[ mgroN aus ny 7 hor ipMfW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ aus dI ies in`kI jhI irAwsq dI rwjDwnI DnOrw sI[ aus dI moq mgroN aus dw BqIjw swihb isMG aus dw vwirs bixAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sDwrx, BweI

is`K qvwrI^ ivc BweI sDwrx nW dy iqMn is`K mShUr hn: 1. gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly dw iek is`K, jo ipMf p`Koky (nyVy fyrw bwbw nwnk) dw rihx vwlw sI Aqy rwvI dirAw pwr kr ky Aksr gurU jI kol krqwrpur (pwiksqwn) AwauNdw rihMdw sI 2. gurU Amr dws jI dy smyN dw iek luhwr is`K ijs ny goieMdvwl dI bwaulI vwsqy lMmI l`kV dI pauVI bxweI sI[ gurU jI ny aus nUM is`K Drm dy prcwr vwsqy mMjI vI b^SI hoeI sI[ mgroN auh btwlw clwigAw sI qy au~Qy is`K Drm dw prcwr krdw irhw sI[ aus dw AMq smW au~Qy hI bIiqAw qy aus dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw vI bixAw hoieAw hY 3. gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly dw iek qrKwx is`K, ijs ny krqwrpur (jlMDr) ivc gurU jI dy rihx vwsqy Gr dI auswrI ivc bhuq ih`sw pwieAw sI (ies jgh hux gurduAwrw ‘gurU dy mihl’ bixAw hoieAw hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sDnw

sDnw dw jnm 1180 ivc sihvwn (izlHw jmSoro, isMD pwiksqwn ivc hYdrwbwd, qoN 130 iklomItr) ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh pRvwr ksweI dw pySw krdw sI Aqy jwnvr mwr ky aunHW dw mws vycdw sI[ aus bwry keI dMd kQwvW (jo mnoklipq hn) mShUr hn[ aus bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik auh swlgrwm (ivSnU dw icMnH smiJAw jwx vwlw p`Qr) nwl mws qol ky vycdw huMdw sI[ iek vwrI iek vYSnv swDU aus kol AwieAw qy aunHW p`QrW nUM piv`qr kih ky cu`k ky lY igAw pr, keI idn aunHW p`QrW dI pUjw mgroN jd aus nUM koeI skUn, SWqI jW rUhwnI su`K nw imilAw qW auh aunHW p`QrW nUM moV igAw[ sDnw ny aus nUM smJwieAw ik p`Qr koeI igAwn nhIN dyNdy, ieh sB krm kWf hY[ ies Gtnw mgroN aus ny kMm kwr C`f id`qw qy sU&I &kIr bx igAw qy jgHw jgHw iPr ky auh lokW nUM s`cy Drm dI isiKAw dyx lg ipAw[ aus nwl juVI dUjI khwxI ieh hY ik iek vwr iek ivAwhI bRwhmx AOrq aus ’qy i&dw ho geI qy aus nwl Bog krn dI ie`Cw pRgt kIqI, pr sDnw ny nWh kr id`qI[ aus AOrq ny smiJAw ik sDnw aus dy pqI qoN frdw bhwnw lw irhw hY[ aus ny Awpxy pqI nUM kql kr id`qw qy sDnw kol Aw geI, ies ’qy sDnw nUM bhuq sdmw lgw qy sU&I &kIr bx igAw qy jgHw jgHw iPr ky auh lokW nUM s`cy Drm dI isiKAw dyx lg ipAw[ iPrdw-iPrdw auh pMjwb Aw igAw[ iek hor khwxI ivc bwdSwh v`loN aus nUM burj ivc icxy jwx dw hukm dyx dI kQw vI pRcilq hY[

ieho ijhIAW mnoklipq khwxIAW hornW bwry vI pRcilq hn[ pr iek g`l shI hY ik auh iek au~Gw Bgq sI qy aus dI rcnw nUM gurU gRMQ swihb ivc QW dy ky gurU jI ny ies g`l nUM swibq kr id`qw[

aus dw Aw^rI smW sIrMd (hux srhMd) ivc bIiqAw, ij`Qy aus dI Xwd ivc iek msijd bxI hoeI hY[ aus dw iek Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb ivc rwg iblwvl ivc imldw hY: inRp kMinAw ky kwrnY, ieku BieAw ByKDwrI] kwmwrQI suAwrQI, vw kI pYj svwrI]1] qv gun khw jgq gurw, jau krmu n nwsY] isMG srn kq jweIAY, jau jMbuku gRwsY]1] rhwau] eyk bUMd jl kwrny, cwiqRku duKu pwvY] pRwn gey swgru imlY, Puin kwim n AwvY]2] pRwn ju Qwky iQru nhI, kYsy ibrmwvau] bUif mUey naukw imlY, khu kwih cFwvau]3] mY nwhI kCu hau nhI, ikCu Awih n morw] Aausr ljw rwiK lyhu, sDnw jnu qorw]4] (858)[

gurU gRMQ swihb ivc aus dw auN\ vI izkr imldw hY: nwmdyv kbIru iqlocnu, sDnw sYnu qrY (1106).

(qsvIr: &qihgVH ivc sdnw dI msijd)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swDU Kosw

BweI swDU Kosw (pu`qr BweI Drmw qy mwqw nMd kor) ipMf m`lHw (izlHw &rIdkot) dw vwsI sI[ gurU hrgoibMd swihb ny AwpxI bytI vIro dI SwdI ies nwl 14 ApRYl 1634 dy idn, ipMf Jbwl ivc kIqI sI[ jUn 1656 ivc jd gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb au~qr pRdyS, ibhwr, bMgwl, Aswm dy dOry ’qy gey qW ieh vI aunHW dy nwl igAw sI qy qkrIbn 8 swl aunHW dy nwl irhw sI[ 1670 ivc jd gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aswm dy dUjy dOry qoN mgroN pMjwb muVy qW auh ienHW dy ipMf m`lHw ivc ienHW kol iek mhInw rhy sn[ BweI swDU dy pMj pu`qr sn: sMgo Swh, gulwb cMd, jIq m`l, gMgw rwm qy mwhrI cMd[sMgo Swh qy jIq m`l gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI &Oj ivc vI sn qy aunHW dohW ny 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn BMgwxI dI lVweI ivc ShIdI vI hwisl kIqI sI[

swDU jn nW dy lyKk ijs ny jpu suKmnI, bwvn A`KrI qy vwr nW dIAW ikqwbW ilKIAW sn, bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh lyKk BweI swDU hI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swDU isMG

swDU isMG AkwlI PUlw isMG dw iek swQI sI[1818 ivc jd mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny mulqwn ’qy hmlw kIqw qW swDU isMG ny kmwl dI bhwdrI idKweI[ 2 jUn 1818 dy idn jd rxjIq isMG dIAW qopW ny mulqwn dy iklHy dI kMD ivc iek mGorw kr id`qw qW swDU isMG kuJ swQIAW sxy aus ivcoN iklHy ivc dwi^lw hoieAw Aqy pTwxW ’qy tu`t ipAw[ aus ny vyKidAW-vyKidAW hI mulqwn dy srdwr muz`&r ^wn, aus dy do pu`qr, iek BqIjw Aqy bhuq swry pTwx &OjI mwr id`qy[ ies hmly ivc ieh swry is`K &OjI vI ShId ho gey sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swDU isMG BOrw

swDU isMG BOrw (6.6.1905 – 7.3.1984) dw jnm BweI rx isMG dy Gr c`k nMbr 7 (izlHw lwiepur, hux &Yslwbwd, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn ho ky auh pulIs ivc BrqI ho igAw, pr CyqI hI nOkrI C`f id`qI qy ShId is`K imSnrI kwlj ivc dw^lw lY ilAw[ kors pUrw hox mgroN aus nUM is`K imSn AlIgVH Aqy hwpuV ivc qweInwq kIqw igAw ij`Qy aus ny 1960 qk syvw kIqI[ aus dw dwAvw sI ik aus dy pRcwr kwrn 50 hzwr vxjwry is`KI ivc vwips Awey sn[ 1961 ivc aus nUM kysgVH (AnMdpur swihb) ivc muK syvwdwr lwieAw igAw[ 1965 ivc aus ny &qih isMG AkwlI dl v`loN bihrwm hlky qoN cox lVI pr aus nUM mwstr qwrw isMG AkwlI dl dy jQydwr svrn isMG ny hrw id`qw[ ies hwr mgroN aus nUM Akwl q^q swihb dw muK syvwdwr lw id`qw igAw[ aus dw nW muK qOr ’qy 10 jUn 1978 dy idn inrMkwrIAW dy i^lw& hukmnwmw jwrI krn kr ky AwauNdw hY (ieh hukmnwmw iek s`q mYNbrI kmytI ny iqAwr kIqw sI)[ 1979-80 ivc jd bwdl Aqy tOhVw-qlvMfI DiVAW ivc JgVw c`ilAw qW tOhVw ny Akwl q^q dy nW dI vrqoN krnI cwhI qW ies dw rol bihs gocrw ho igAw[ nqIjy vjoN aus nUM Awpxy Ahudy qoN AsqI&w dyxw ipAw[ aus ny Awpxw bwkI smW Awpxy pu`qr kol jlMDr ivc ibqwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swDU isMG igVvVI

swDU isMG igVvVI (1840-1907) dw jnm soBw isMG dy Gr ipMf srlI (izlHw qrnqwrn) qy idhWq igVvVI (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh pMfq gulwb isMG igVvVI dw cylw sI, ijs koloN aus ny sMsikRq zbwn qoN ielwvw gurbwxI Aqy ihMdU gRMQW dI ividAw vI hwisl kIqI sI[ aus ny ‘guris`K pRBwkr’, ‘SRI muKvwkX isDWq jÎoiq’ qy keI hor ikqwbW dI rcnw kIqI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swDU isMG hmdrd

swDU isMG hmdrd (1918-29.7.1984) dw jnm ipMf p`dI mtvwlI (izlHw nvWSihr) ivc iek sYnI prvwr ivc hoieAw sI[ 1943 ivc aus ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ivc bqOr pbilstI ieMcwrj nOkrI SurU kIqI[ 1944 ivc aus ny aurdU ivc AjIq A^bwr SurU kIqw[ 1955 ivc aus ny ies dw pMjwbI AYfISn SurU kIqw[ aus dI nyVqw pMjwb dy cI& minstr pRqwp isMG kYroN nwl hox kr ky aus nUM srkwrI ieSiqhwr imlxy SurU ho gey[ 1962 ivc jd pRqwp isMG kYroN ny mwstr qwrw isMG qoN SRomxI kmytI dw kbzw lYx vwsqy &qih isMG gMgwngr nUM iqAwr kIqw qW ies ny aus dw ft ky swQ id`qw[ ies kr ky &qih isMG ny aus nUM Awpxy AkwlI dl dw slwhkwr bxw ilAw[

1963 ivc BwSw ivBwg ny aus nUM SRomxI p`qrkwr dw AYvwrf id`qw[ jnvrI 1984 ivc Bwrq srkwr ny aus nUM pdm sRI dw AYvwrf id`qw[ drbwr swihb ’qy (4 jUn 1984 dy) hmly dy i^lw& pRotYst vjoN swDU isμG hmdrd ny 16 jUn 1984 dy idn ieh AYvwrf vwips kr id`qw[ swDU isMG hmdrd p`qrkwr dy nwl-nwl iek Swier vI sI[ aus ny ‘pMjwbI Zzl dw jnm qy ivkws’ ’qy pI-AYc. fI. vI hwisl kIqI sI[ aus ny ZzlW dIAW iqMn ikqwbW vI CwpIAW sn[ aus ny iek s&rnwmw ‘A`KI if`Tw myrw rUs’ vI iliKAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swDU, BweI (1)
lwhOr vwsI BweI swDU gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk jd jhWgIr ny gurU Arjn swihb nUM igR&qwr krn dw hukm id`qw qW aunHW nUM ies dy Gr qoN igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ pr ieh shI nhIN hY[ gurU jI nUM jhWgIr kol pyS hox dy hukm goieMdvwl pu`jy sn qy auh Awp lwhOr Awey sn[ hW ieh ho skdw hY ik auh goieMdvwl qoN Aw ky rwq vyly ies kol ruky hox qy AglI svyr jhWgIr dy drbwr ivc pyS hoey hox.

swDU, BweI (2)
BweI swDU (pu`qr swdw) quklwxI ipMf dw iek qrKwx sI[ auh muslmwn PkIr sKI srvr dw murId sI[ aus dI SwdI v`fw Gr ipMf dy BweI Awkl dI bytI nwl hoeI sI[ SwdI mgroN aus ny sKI srvr nUM iqAwg id`qw Aqy is`K Drm Apxw ilAw sI[ auh gurU hrgoibMd swihb kol Aksr AwauNdw jWdw rihMdw sI[ aus dy Gr iek byty ny jnm ilAw ijs dw nW gurU jI ny rUpw r`iKAw, jo mgroN BweI rUp cMd vjoN qvwrI^ ivc mShUr hoieAw. vyKo: rUp cMd.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMhwrI/shwrI m`l/ shwrI rwm

BweI shwrI m`l gurU rwmdws jI dw ccyrw v`fw Brw sI[ ieh lwhOr rihMdw sI[ iek vwr, jd ies dy pu`qr dw ivAwh sI, qW gurU rwmdws jI ny gurU Arjn swihb nUM ies ivc Swiml hox vwsqy ByijAw[ ies mOky ’qy gurU jI bhuq smW lwhOr rhy qy is`KI dw prcwr krdy rhy[ aunHW dy lwhOr rihx dy ies smyN nUM iksy swKI ilKx vwly ny, D`ky nwl, gurU Arjn swihb dy rcy cwr slokW (myrw mnu locY gur drsn qweI) nwl joV id`qw[ hwlW ik aunHW SbdW dw ies smyN nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swihb kOr, rwxI

swihb kOr (1771 – 1801) pitAwlw dy rwjw Amr isMG dI DI qy rwjw swihb isMG dI BYx sI[ aus dI SwdI 6 swl dI aumr ivc hI kneIAw imsl dy jY isMG nwl hoeI sI[ SwdI mgroN auh pqI nwl &qihgVH ivc jw ky rihx lg peI sI[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN, 1793 ivc, aus dy Brw swihb isMG ny, aus nUM pitAwlw bulw ilAw qy pRweIm minstr bxw id`qw[swihb kOr ny irAwsq nUM mrh`itAW (1794 ivc AMtw rwE qy lCmx rwE), AMgryzW (jwrj Qwms 1799) qy hor hmlwvrW qoN bcwaux vwsqy keI vwr ^ud &Oj dI AgvweI kIqI[ 1795 ivc jd swihb isMG bydI ny mlyrkotlw ’qy hmlw kIqw qW swihb kOr ny aus nUM bcwieAw[ Agly swl aus ny nwhn dy rwjy dI mdd kIqI[ pitAwlw irAwsq dy ZYr is`K Aihlkwr Aksr swzSW krdy rihMdy sn qy auh aunHW swirAW dI ingrwnI krdI rihMdI sI[ ieh Aihlkwr Aksr swihb isMG nUM aus dy i^lw& BVkWdy rihMdy sn[ ies mhOl ivc auh pitAwlw C`f ky AwpxI jgIr dy ipMf ByrlW (nyVy sunwm) jw ky rihx lg peI[ swihb isMG ny swihb kOr qoN auh hwQI vI Koh ilAw ijhVw aus nUM nwhn dy rwjy ny Sukrwny vjoN Byt kIqw sI[ iek vwr qW cu`k ivc Aw ky swihb isMG ny swihb kOr ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy &Oj vI Byj id`qI[ ipMf au~Byvwl ivc hoeI lVweI ivc swihb isMG dy bhuq swry &OjI mwry gey[ swihb isMG eynw iehswn &rwmoS inkilAw sI! ies mOky ’qy kYQl dy rwjy lwl isMG ny ivcolgI kr ky dohW dw JgVw ^qm krvw id`qw[ pr, ies swrw kuJ ny swihb kOr dw idl qoV id`qw qy auh ies sdmy nwl 30 swl dI aumr ivc hI cVHweI kr geI.

swihb kOr rwxI (2) jINd irAwsq dy rwjw &qih isMG dI pqnI Aqy rwjw sMgq isMG dI mwqw sI[ auh rwj pRbMD ivc vD cVH ky ih`sw lYNdI huMdI[ auh iek suXog hwkm mMnI jWdI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swihb kOr, mwqw

BweI rwmU bsI KqrI dI bytI swihb kOr dw jnm rohqws (izlHw ijhlm, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dI SwdI gurU goibMd isMG jI nwl 15 ApRYl 1700 dy idn AnMdpur swihb ivc hoeI sI[ meI 1705 ivc jd phwVI qy muZl &OjW ny AnMdpur swihb dI GyrwbMdI kIqI qW guru jI ny mwqw suMdr kOr, mwqw swihb kOr, bIbI qwrw kOr (pqnI swihzwdw AjIq isMG) nUM qwrw kOr dy ipqw jyTw isMG dy nwl id`lI v`l Byj id`qw[ pihlW auh id`lI gey[ au`QoN Awgrw dw BweI SrDw isMG aunHw nUM Awpxy Gr lY igAw ij`Qy qwrw kOr ny AjIq isMG dy byty hTI isMG nUM jnm id`qw[ 1706 ivc jd guru goibMd isMG jI qlvMfI swbo pu`jy qW dovyN mwqwvW aunHW nUM imlx vwsqy au~Qy geIAW[ 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn gurU jI d`Kx vl rvwnw hoey qW aunHW ny mwqw suMdr kOr nUM burhwnpur Byj id`qw qy ApxI nUMh qy poqry kol rihx vwsqy AwiKAw[mwqw swihb kOr gurU jI dy nwl rhI[ jd gurU jI nUM nMdyV ivc ShId kIqw igAw qW auh aunHW dy nwl hI sI[ ies mgroN auh id`lI Aw geI qy au~Qy rihx lg peI sI[ mwqw swihb kOr dI koeI sMqwn nhIN sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ieh ikhw jWdw hY ik gurU jI ny Kwlsw pMQ nUM aunHW dI ‘JolI’ pwieAw sI[ mwqw swihb kOr ny Awpxw Aw^rI smW id`lI ivc hI ibqwieAw[ kuJ ^q, ijnHW nUM aus dy ilKy ikhw jWdw hY, 1726 qy 1734 dy ivckwr dy smyN dy hn[ ies ihswb nwl aus dI mOq 1734 qoN mgroN hoeI hovygI[ kysr isMG iCbr aus dI mOq 1731 ivc hoeI ilKdw hY.

(gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn mwqw swihb kOr, rohqws, pwiksqwn)

gurduAwrw mwqw swihb kOr, nMdyV

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swihb rwey

swihb rwey AMimRqsr-hrIky dy ivckwr (AMimRqsr qoN 40, qrnqwrn qoN 15, hrIky qoN 20 iklomItr dUr) ipMf nOSihrw dw cODrI sI (hux ies nUM nOSihrW pMnUAW AwKdy hn)[ swihb rwey vI hor cODrIAW vWg D`ky-Kor sI[ aus dy GoVy cridAW-cridAW Aksr ZrIb ikrswnW dy KyqW ivc jw vVdy sn qy PslW dw nukswn kr dyNdy sI[ jUn 1726 dy pihly h&qy ivc aus ny qwrw isMG f`l vW ’qy hmlw kIqw sI qy burI qrHW mwr Kw ky n`s igAw sI. vyKo: qwrw isMG f`l-vW.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swihb isMG bydI

swihb isMG (5.4.1756 – 17.7.1834) AjIq isMG bydI dw pu`qr Aqy klwDwrI dw poqw sI[ auh guru nwnk swihb dy pu`qr lKmI dws dI kul ivcoN sI[ auh isr& 14 swl dw sI qW aus dy mwpy aUnw (hux ihmWcl pdyS) cly gey sn[ bcpn ivc aus ny Ssqr qy Swsqr dI bhuq ividAw hwisl kIqI[ 1773 ivc ipqw dI klk`qw ivc mOq mgroN auh AwpxI jgIr dw mwilk bixAw[ CyqI hI aus ny bhuq swry cyly ie`kTy kr ley[ 1794 ivc aus ny mlyrkotlw ’qy hmlw kIqw, pr jd pitAwlw dy rwjy dIAW &OjW mlyrkotlw dy nvwb dI mdd vwsqy pu`jIAW qW auh n`T igAw[ 1798 ivc aus ny rweykot dy cI& rwey ielIAws (poqw BweI rwey klHw) ’qy hmlw kIqw Aqy bhuq lu`t-mwr kIqI[ jd lwhOr ’qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw kbzw ho igAw qW ies ny aus nwl nyVqw kwiem kr leI[ sMn 1800 ivc rxjIq isMG dI BMgI imsl nwl BsIn ipMf ivc hoeI lVweI ivc ies ny rxjIq isMG dw swQ id`qw[ jd 11 ApRYl 1801 dy idn rxjIq isMG ny Awpxy Awp nUM mhwrwjw AYlwinAw qW aus dw rwj iqlk krn dI bRwhmxI rsm ies ny hI inBweI sI[ nvMbr 1808 ivc ies ny rxjIq isMG Aqy pitAwlw rwjw ivc sMDI vI krvweI[ rxjIq isMG dy AMgryzW nwl Aihdnwmy mgroN ies dI jgIr AMgryzI ielwky ivc Aw jwx kr ky ies ny aunHW hyT rwKI kbUl kr leI[ swihb isMG bydI gurU nwnk swihb dI kul dw hox dy nW ’qy is`K rwijAW qoN bhuq swrI rkm Aqy jwgIrW hwisl krdw irhw[ rwvlipMfI ivc k`lr nW dy ielwky dI jgIr vI aus nUM is`K rwijAW ny id`qI sI[ mrn qoN pihlW aus ny Awpxy dohW pu`qrW nUM jgIr vMf id`qI: ibSn isMG nUM k`lr qy ibkrm isMG nMU aUnw dI jgIr imlI[ swihb isMG dI mOq 1834 ivc hoeI[ aus dy pu`qr ibSn isMG (qy aus dy pu`qr Aqr isMG) dI mOq 1839 ivc hoeI[ Kym isMG bydI, jo audoN isr& 7 swl dw sI, aunHW dohW dI jgIr dw vwirs bixAw[ ieh prvwr AMgryzW dw v&wdwr irhw[ swihb isMG dw dUjw pu`qr ibkrm isMG aUnw is`KW dw v&wdwr irhw sI[ ies dI szw v`loN AMgryzW ny aus dw aUny vwlw iklHw Fwh id`qw sI Aqy ayus dI jgIr vI zbq kr leI sI. hor vyKo: Kym isMG bydI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swihb isMG BMgI

swihb isMG (pu`qr gujr isMG) BMgI imsl dw muKI sI[ aus dI SwdI rwj kor (pu`qrI cVHq isMG, jo mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI BUAw sI) nwl heI sI[ 1781 ivc auh lwhOr dw hwkm bixAw sI[ aus ny Apxw hY~fkuAwrtrz gujrwq ivc r`iKAw sI, pr aus dy do Brw cyq isMG qy mohr isMG lwhOr rihMdy sn[ aus dI irAwsq dI AwmdnI 13 l`K rupY swlwnw sI[ aus kol 12 iklHy Aqy 2000 GoVsvwr &OjI sn[ 1779 ivc jd rxjIq isMG ny c`iTAW ’qy hmlw kIqw qW aus ny aus dI mdd kIqI sI[ 1798 ivc aus ny qy rxjIq isMG ny A&Zwn hmlwvr Swh zmwn nwl sWJI t`kr leI sI[ 1799 ivc rxjIq isMG ny aus dy BrwvW qoN lwhOr Koh ilAw[ 1810 ivc rxjIq isMG ny gujrwq ’qy hmlw kIqw[ swihb isMG twkrw krn dI bjwey dOV igAw qy rxjIq isMG ny aus dI irAwsq ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1811 ivc rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM bulw ByijAw Aqy aus nUM iek l`K rupY swlwnw dI jgIr dy ky Arwm dI izMdgI bsr krn vwsqy tor id`qw[ ies qoN kuJ mhIny mgroN hI swihb isMG dI mOq ho geI[ aus dI mOq mgroN rxjIq isMG ny aus dIAW do jvwn qy ^UbsUrq rwxIAW (dXw kOr qy rqn kOr, jo s`kIAW BYxW sn) nwl SwdI kr leI (swihb isMG dI qIjI rwxI rwj kOr rxjIq isMG dI s`kI BUAw sI; aus nUM aus ny ivDvw hI rihx id`qw sI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swihb isMG dIvwn

BweI swihb isMG, ShId BweI mqI dws dw pu`qr, hIrw m`l dw poqw Aqy dvwrkw dws dw pVpoqw sI[ ieh iC`br bRwhmx ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ ies dw pirvwr gurU nwnk swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`K pMQ nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[dvwrkw dws dy dwdw gOqm, ijs ƒ bwbw gOqm rwmdws vI AwiKAw jWdw sI, ƒ gurU nwnk swihb ny poTohwr dy ielwky vwsqy is`K Drm dw pRcwrk bxwieAw sI[ aunHIN idnIN ieh prvwr ipMf kirAwlw ivc irhw krdw sI[dvwrkw dws dw ipqw BweI prwgw gurU hirgoibMd swihb vyly 3 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw dI jMg ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ swihb isMG dw ipqw BweI mqI dws gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy nwl 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn id`lI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ ieh swrw pirvwr hI gurU Gr dw bhuq nzdIkI sI[swihb isMG dy dwdw hIrw nMd dw v`fw Brw drgh m`l cwr gurU swihb (sqvyN qoN dsvyN gurU) dy smyN dIvwn (vzIr) irhw sI[ aus dI mOq qoN bwAd aus dy byty Drm isMG Aqy swihb isMG ƒ gurU swihb ny Awpxw dIvwn QwipAw sI[

Agsq 1700 dy A^Ir ivc iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny AnMdpur swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ 29 Agsq qoN pihlI sqMbr 1700 qk cwr idn dy hmilAW ivc burI qrHW mwr Kwn mgroN phwVIAW ny gurU swihb ƒ Arz kIqI ik lokW ivc aunHW dw n`k r`Kx vwsqy iek vwrI AnMdpur swihb KwlI kr dyx qy Pyr kuJ idn mgroN byS`k vwips cly Awaux[ gurU jI phwVIAW dy Pryb qoN vwikP sn, pr iPr vI aunHW ny is`KW dy zor dyx ’qy 2 AkqUbr ƒ AnMdpur C`f id`qw Aqy kIrqpur qoN kuJ A`gy ipMfW hrdo Aqy inrmoh dy nyVy iek phwVI ’qy jw fyrw lwieAw[ jdoN Ajmyr cMd ƒ ieh pqw l`gw qW aus ny Aihswn-&rwmoSI kridAW inrmohgVH ivc gurU swihb ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy kUc kr id`qw[jdoN aus ny iek v`fI &Oj lY ky hmlw kr id`qw qW swihb isMG, hor swQI isMGW nwl rl ky, phwVI &OjW dy iKlw& ft ky liVAw[ ies vyly qkrIbn iek hzwr is`K au~Qy hwzr sn Aqy swihb isMG sB qoN A`gy ho ky lVweI kr rhy sn[ ies mOky ’qy phwVI &OjW ny iekdm bhuq golwbwrI SurU kr id`qI[ iek golI is`DI Aw ky swihb isMG dy m`Qy ivc v`jI ijs nwl auh au~Qy hI ShId ho igAw[ swihb isMG dI ShIdI sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ivc ieM\ imldw hY :

“swihb isMG bytw mqIdws kw, poqw hIrw m`l kw……iCbr bRwhmn, mQrw isMG bytw idAwldws kw, poqw mweIdws kw…..bMJrauNq jlHwnw,….sUrq isMG bytw kyvl kw poqw AWfU kw…..qUmr ibMjlauq, dyvw isMG bytw qygy kw poqw suKy kw, audwnw…..swl s`qrW sY sqvMjw, kwriqk pRivSty sqmIN, mMglvwr ky idhuM inrmohgVH ky mlHwn, prgnw kihlUr kI jMg myN, swmHy mwQy, jUJ kr mry” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw puAwr jlwnoN kw)

ShIdI mgroN swihb isMG dI lwS ƒ phwVI &OjW ny Gyr ilAw[ ies ’qy gurU swihb bic`qr isMG, audY isMG, Awilm isMG qy kuJ hor is`KW ƒ nwl lY ky phwVIAW v`l vDy Aqy BwrI jMg kIqI[ phwVI &OjW Kwlsy dy roh A`gy itk nw skIAW Aqy mYdwn C`f geIAW[ gurU swihb swihb isMG dI lwS ƒ Awp cu`k ky ilAwey Aqy aus dw sskwr inrmohgVH dI it`bI dy nzdIk kr id`qw[

swihb isMG dw iek bytw crn dws sI jo AMimRq Ckx mgroN crn isMG bx igAw sI pr mgroN ieh swDU bx igAw qy muV crn dws hI AKvwaux l`g ipAw[ kuJ icr mgroN ies ny mwlvy dy BdOV ipMf ivc fyrw bxw ilAw[ dsMbr 1705 ivc jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb mwCIvwVw qoN qlvMfI swbo v`l gey qW auh rsqy ivc 20 dsMbr 1705 dy idn BdOV vI ruky[ ieQy crn dws ny gurU swihb ƒ jI AwieAW AwiKAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swihb isMG pitAwlw rwjw

swihb isMG rwjw (18.8.1773 – 26.3.1813) pitAwlw dy rwjw Amr isMG dw pu`qr sI[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN 1781 ivc 8 swl dI aumr ivc auh pitAwlw irAwsq dw rwjw bixAw[ aus dy bwlZ hox qk aus dI irAwsq dw inzwm aus dI v`fI BYx swihb kOr Aqy bwAd ivc aus dI BUAw rijMdr kOr (pqnI iqlok cMd PgvwVw) clwauNdIAW rhIAW sn[ aus dI SwdI Aws kOr (puqrI gurdws isMG c`Tw) nwl 1792 ivc hoeI sI[ swihb isMG nwAihl rwjw sI[ aus dI BYx ny aus dI irAwsq dw inzwm hI nhIN clwieAw blik ies nUM duSmxW qoN vI keI vwr bcwieAw, pr swihb isMG bhq iehswn &rwmoS inkilAw (vyKo: swihb kOr rwxI)[ swihb isMG 1813 ivc mr igAw qy hux aus dI irAwsq dw pRbMD aus dI rwxI Aws kOr dy h`QW ivc Aw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swihb isMG ipAwrw

BweI swihb isMG cmn lwl dw pu`qr sI[cmn lwl ny ibdr (krnwtk) dy iek nweI pirvwr ivc jnm ilAw sI[ jdoN gurU nwnk swihb swihb AwpxI audwsI dOrwn ibdr gey qW aunHW ny aus ielwky ivc r`b dy pYZwm dI Awvwz id`qI[ ies Awvwz ny bVy pirvwrW ƒ is`K-pMQ ivc Swiml kIqw[ ienHW pirvwrW ivc cmn lwl dy v`fy vfyry vI sn[ ieh pirvwr gurU nwnk swihb qoN mgroN vI aunHW dy nwdI vwirsW dy drSn krn vwsqy pMjwb dyS ivc Aksr AwauNdw irhw[ iek vwr cmn lwl gurU swihb kol Awpxy byty swihb cMd ƒ lY ky AwieAw[ ieh g`l 1685 dI hY[ swihb cMd audoN 23 swl dw sI[ jdoN swihb cMd ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy drSn kIqy qy bcn suxy qW auh kIilAw igAw Aqy sdw vwsqy gurU swihb dw ho ky rih igAw[

jd gurU goibMd isMG swihb ApRYl 1685 qoN AkqUbr 1688 qk pwauNtw swihb rhy sn qW swihb cMd vI ieh swrw smW gurU jI dy nwl hI irhw sI[ jdoN 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn gVHvwl dy rwjy &qih Swh ny gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw qW BMgwxI ipMf ivc hoeI lVweI ivc swihb cMd ny vI f`t ky lVweI kIqI Aqy vYrIAW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ nvMbr 1688 ivc gurU swihb c`k nwnkI vwips pu`j gey qW ieh vI gurU jI dy nwl irhw[ jdoN gurU swihb ny sIs Byt kOqk rcwieAw qW swihb cMd ny vI Awpxw sIs Byt kIqw qy pMj ipAwirAW ivc Swiml ho ky ‘BweI swihb isMG” bx igAw[ swihb isMG ny AnMdpur swihb qy inrmohgVH ivc hoey hmilAW ivc duSmn dy iKlw& f`t ky lVweI lVI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny AnMdpur C`ifAw qW ieh aunHW cwlHI AnMdpurI mukiqAW ivc sI jo gurU swihb dy nwl rhy sn[ ieh AnMdpur qoN inkl ky 7 dsMbr ƒ cmkOr pu`jy sn[ ausy idn dupihr vyly muZl &Oj ny cmkOr ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw[ aus vyly cmkOr dI gVHI ivc gih-g`c lVweI hoeI[ ies h`QoN-h`QIN lVweI ivc iek-iek isMG ny keI muZl ispwhIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw[ ies mOky ’qy swry cwlHI isMG ShIdIAW pw gey[ cmkOr dy ienHW cwlHI mukiqAW ivc swihb isMG ipAwrw vI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swihb isMG, ipRMsIpl

gurU gRMQ swihb dw pMjwbI ivc sB qoN vD pRvwxq qy is`kybMd tIkw ilKx vwly pRo. swihb isMG dw jnm 16 &rvrI 1892 dy idn BweI hIrw nMd dy Gr n`QU rwm vjoN ipMf Q`pl (izlHw isAwlkot) ivc hoieAw sI[ pRo swihb isMG ny 12 swl dI aumr ivc is`K Drm Dwrn kIqw sI[ auh 23 swl dI aumr ivc gujrWvwlw Kwlsw kwlj ivc sMsikRq dy lYkcrwr bixAw[ jd AkwlI lihr SurU hoeI Aqy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI kwiem hoeI qW aus nUM ies dw sk`qr bxwieAw igAw[ 13 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn aus nUM bwkI AkwlIAW nwl igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ aus dI irhweI jnvrI 1926 ivc hoeI[ 1929 ivc auh Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc lYkcrwr bixAw ijQoN 1952 ivc irtwier hoieAw[ ies mgroN aus nUM is`K imSnrI kwlj dy ipRMsIpl bxwieAw igAw[ 1971 ivc aus nUM AwnryrI fwktryt dI ifgrI id`qI geI[

aus ny 30 dy krIb ikqwbW dI rcnw kIqI ijnHW ivc pUry gurU gRMQ swihb dw mukMml tIkw, gurbwxI ivAwkrx Aqy lyKW qy qvwrI^ dIAW ikqwbW Swiml hn[ auh 29 AkqUbr 1977 dy idn Awpxw duinAwvI s&r pUrw kr ky ies &wnI dunIAW nUM Alivdw kih igAw[ ipRMsIpl swihb isMG iek qrHW nwl is`K imSnrI lihr dw moFI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sYxu Bgq

gurU gRMQ swihb ivc ijnHW BgqW dI bwxI Swiml hY aunHW ivc Bgq sYx vI hY[ Bgq sYx bwry bhuqI jwxkwrI nhIN imldI, hW eynw pqw lgdw hY ik aus dw jIvn kwl 1400 qoN 1490 dy ivckwr dw sI[ aus bwry zubwnI irvwieq hY ik aus dy ipqw dw nW mukMd rwey qy mW dw nW jIvnI sI qy auh pMjwb dy izlHw qrnqwrn dy ipMf sohl ivc j`dI-puSqI nweI dw pySw krdw sI[ mgroN auh rIvw dy rwjw rwm dw SwhI h`jwm bx igAw sI qy aus dI mOq kwSI (vwrwnsI) ivc hoeI sI[ pr ies irvwieq (jwxkwrI) dw koeI somw nhIN hY[

(qsvIr: Bgq sYx dw iek klipq icqR):

Bgq syx dw izkr gurU rwmdws jI dy iek Sbd ivc Bgq vjoN AwauNdw hY: jo jo imlY swDU jn sMgiq, Dnu DMnw jtu, sYxu, imilAw hir deIAw (835)[ Bgq sYx dw iek Sbd vI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc (s&w 695 ’qy) drj hY: DUp dIp iGRq swij AwrqI] vwrny jwau kmlwpqI]1] mMglw hir mMglw] inq mMglu rwjw rwm rwie ko]1] rhwau] aUqmu dIArw inrml bwqI] quhˆØI inrMjnu kmlwpwqI]2] rwmw Bgiq rwmwnμdu jwnY] pUrn prmwnμdu bKwnY]3] mdn mUriq BY qwir goibMdy] sYnu BxY Bju prmwnμdy]4] {ArQ: hy! kmlwpqI (kmlw/ mwieAw dy mwlk, pRmwqmw) mYN qYQoN vwrny (sdky) jWdw hW (qYQoN sdky jwxw hI) DUp dIvy qy iGau (Awidk) sm`gRI iek`Ty kr ky qyrI AwrqI krnI hY[ hy! hrI! hy rwjn! hy rwm! (qyrI imhr nwl, myry AMdr) sdw (nwm-ismrn dw) mMgl (^uSI, AnMd) ho irhw hY[ hy! kmlwpqI (hy! pRmwqmw) qUM inrMjn hI myry (AwrqI krn) vwsqy au~qm (sohxw, cMgw) dIArw (dIvw) qy (aus ivc) inrml (sw& suQrI) bwqI (b`qI/ v`tI) hYN[jo (S^s) pUrn prm Awnμd (pRBU) dy gux gWdw hY, auh rwm (pRwmqmw) dI BgqI (dI brkq) nwl aus (dy imlwp) dw Awnμd mwxdw hY[ sYx (AwKdw hY, hy myry mn!) aus prm-Awnμd (prmwqmw) nUM Bj (aus dw ismrn kr), jo mdn mUrq (sohxy srUp vwlw) hY, jo (sMswr dy) BY (frW) qoN qwrn (pwr lμGwaux) vwlw hY}.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sWeIN dws

1. { gurU hrgoibMd swihb dw sWFU} (izlHw mogw) dy ipMf frolI BweI dw vwsI, ijs nwl gurU hrgoibMd swihb dI swlI (mwqw dmodrI dI v`fI BYx) rwmo ivAwhI hoeI sI[ gurU jI dw BweI sWeIN dws nwl bhuq ipAwr sI qy auh Aksr aunHW dy Gr Tihrdy huMdy hn[ jd gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI hoeI qW sur`iKAw nUM swhvyN rKidAW hoieAW gurU hrgoibMd jI pqnI qy mwqw jI sxy, jUn 1606 qoN dsMbr 1607 qk ienHW kol rhy sn[ aunHW dy pihly b`cy gurid`qw dw jnm vI eyQy hI hoieAw sI[ 13 julweI 1631 dy idn jd mwqw dmodrI dI moq hoeI qW vI auh ienHW dy Gr ivc sn[ ies mOky qy isr& mwqw dmodrI hI nhIN blik sWeIN dws, aus dI pqnI, aus dy s`s qy shurw dI vI mOq hoeI sI[ ienHW swirAW dw sskwr gurU jI ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw sI

2. BweI gurdws iek BweI sWeIN dws dw izkr krdy hn, jo gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly gurU drbwr ivc hwzr huMdw qy sMgqW dI syvw krdw irhw sI: rwmdwsu BMfwrIAw, bwlw sweIN dws iDAweI (BweI gurdws, vwr 11, pauVI 19)

3. BweI gurdws jVIAw zwq dy iek BweI sWeIN dws dw vI izkr krdy hn, gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly gurU drbwr ivc hwzr huMdw qy sMgqW dI syvw krdw irhw sI: jVIAw sWeIdwsu hY, sB kulu hIry lwl Apwrw (BweI gurdws, vwr 11, pauVI 28).

4. BweI sWeIN dws gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly dw ie`k pRmu`K is`K sI[ auh gurU hirgoibMd swihb vyly vI Aksr AMimRqsr AwauNdw rihMdw sI[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny &Oj bxweI qW BweI sWeIN dws vI ies ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ aus ny v`K-v`K qrHW dy Ssqr clwaux dI is`iKAw leI[ 13 ApRYl 1634 dy idn jdoN muZl &OjW ny gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ’qy hmlw kIqw qW sWeIN dws sB qoN mUhry ho ky liVAw qy keI muZl ispwhIAW ƒ mwr ky A^Ir ShIdI hwisl kIqI[ AMimRqsr dI ies lVweI ivc ShId hox vwilAw ivcoN 13 Aihm jrnYlW dw izkr “guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN” dy lyKk ny cYptr 11 ivc kIqw hY, sWeIN dws vI ienHW ivcoN iek hY:“sWeIN dws pYVw blI, BgqU sUr Apwr[AnMqw blI AnMq Qw hmro pRym ipAwr ]13]—– ey mm qyrh sUr Apwry[ mm inimq ieh surg isDwry]14] auN\, guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN ikqwb bhuq g`pW nwl BrI hoeI hY[

5. sUrq isMG inrmlw (ijs ny BweI mnI isMG dy nW ’qy is`KW dI Bgqmwlw ilKI sI) lwhOr vwsI JMJI zwq dy BweI sweIAW dw izkr krdw hY, jo gurU Amr dws qoN gurU Arjn swihb qk gurU drbwr ivc hwzr huMdw qy sMgqW dI syvw krdw irhw

6. sUrq isMG inrmlw iek BMfwrI zwq dy BweI sweIAW dw vI izkr krdw hY, jo gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly gurU drbwr ivc hwzr huMdw qy sMgqW dI syvw krdw irhw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sWeIN id`qw

1. sUrq isMG inrmlw sulqwnpur vwsI BweI sWeI id`qw dw izkr krdw hY, jo gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly gurU drbwr ivc hwzr huMdw qy sMgqW dI syvw krdw irhw sI

2. sUrq isMG inrmlw jVIAw zwq dy BweI sWeI id`qw dw izkr krdw hY, jo gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly gurU drbwr ivc hwzr huMdw qy sMgqW dI syvw krdw irhw sI[ drAsl ies dw nW sWeI dws sI qy BweI gurdws ny ies izkr vI kIqw hY (vwr 11, pauVI 28). vyKo: sWeI dws.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sYxw

iek irvwieq muqwibk ieh gurU goibMd isMG jI dy drbwr ivc iek kvI sI[ iek vwr aus qoN iek jurm (jW pwp) ho igAw ijs qoN fr ky auh AnMdpur qoN B`j igAw Aqy Gr jw ky ikRKI (KyqI) SurU kr leI[ kuJ smyN mgroN aus ny iek dohw ilK ky gurU jI nUM ByijAw: “jb qy pRBu qy bICury, krXo ikRKI ko Twt[ ibRKBn sMgiq krI, Bey jwt ky jwt[” ieh pVH ky gurU jI ny aus nUM vwips bulw ilAw Aqyy iPr drbwr ivc hwzr kr ilAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sYnwpqI kvI

gurU goibMd isMG jI dw iek drbwrI kvI ijs dw nW cMdr sYn sYnwpqI (KMfy dI pwhul mgroN sYnw isMG) sI[ ies ny is`K qvwrI^ dw iek kImqI somw ikqwb gursoBw ilKI sI[ 1711 ivc iqAwr hoeI ies ikqwb ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy Aw^rI swlW dI shI qvwrI^ pyS hY[ lyKk ies ikqwb ivc gurU goibMd isMG swihb dIAW kuJ lVweIAW, Kwlsy dw pRgt krnw, KMfy dI pwhul, Kwlsy dy pRgt hox qoN bwAd ihMdUAW dw (^ws kr ky id`lI ivc) is`KW nwl mwVw slUk, AnMdpur swihb C`fx vZYrw bwry bhuq vyrvy BrpUr jwxkwrI dyNdw hY[ BwvyN ik ieh kuJ in`kIAW-in`kIAW glqIAW qoN Awzwd nhIN pr ieh is`K qvwrI^ dy aus kwl dw Swied sB qoN vD kImqI qy Aihm somw hY[ ies ny kOtilX dI ilKI ikqwb ‘cwxkX nIqI’ dw qrjmw vI kIqw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sKI srvr

iek muslmwn PkIr, ijs dw Asl nW seIAd Aihmd sulqwn sI[ aus nUM sulqwn, ingwhIAw pIr, lKdwqw, lwlW vwlw, rohIAW vwlw, DONklIAw vI kihMdy hn[ ieh seIAd sKI zYn-aul-dIn AbIdIn Aqy AwieSw dw pu`qr sI[ ieh prvwr mdInw ngr qoN Aw ky mulqwn nyVy Swhkot nW dy ipMf ivc sMn 1100 dy krIb Awbwd hoieAw sI[ ipqw dI mOq ip`CoN aus dy irSqydwrW ny aus nwl mwVw slUk kIqw ijs kr ky ieh au~QoN bZdwd clw igAw[ bZdwd ivc aus nUM ZOs-aul-Azm, SY^ Sb-aud-dIn suhrwvrdI Aqy Kvwjw mhdUd cSqI ny i^lw&q b^SI[ ies mgroN auh ihMd prq AwieAw qy ipMf DONkl (izlHw vzIrwbwd) ivc rihx lg ipAw[ ies mgroN auh Swhkot clw igAw qy iPr mulqwn ivc fyrw bxw ilAw[ CyqI hI aus dIAW krwmwqW dw crcw cl ipAw qy QoVHy icr ivc hI bhuq swry lok aus dy cyly bx gey[ ies nwl aus dy kuJ irSqydwr aus qoN Kwr Kwx lg pey Aqy kuJ qW aus dy kql dy mnsUby vI bxwaux lg pey[ jd aus nUM ieh pqw lgw qW auh sulymwn phwVW ivc ingwhw nW dy ipMf (izlHw fyrw ZwzI ^wn) ivc jw ky rihx lg ipAw[ aus dy irSqydwrW ny au~Qy vI aus dw ip`Cw kIqw Aqy A^Ir 1174 ivc aus nUM kql kr id`qw[ kuJ icr mgroN aus dI bhuq mwnqw hox lg peI[ muZl bwdSwh bwbr ny ipMf mukwm ivc aus dw bhuq AwlISwn mzwr bxw id`qw sI[ies dy pYrokwrW ny ies dI Xwd ivc iebwdq vwsqy QWvW bxweIAW hoeIAW hn ijnHW nUM pIr^wnw (pIr dw ^wnw/Gr) kihMdy hn[ ies dy cyly jumyrwq (vIrvwr) dy idn pIr^wny ivc iek`Ty huMdy hn Aqy hor cIzW dy nwl-nwl rot (rotI) vI cVHwauNdy hn[ ieh iek v`fI rotI, jo zmIn nUM qpw ky pkwauNdy hn (jo keI vwr qW svw mx qIk vzn dI vI huMdI hY)[ ies rotI nUM iGE qyguV nwl copV ky pIr A`gy Byt krdy hn[ iBrweI (pIr^wny dw pujwrI) ‘drUd’ pVH ky kuJ rotI Awp lY lYNdw hY Aqy bwkI cyilAW ivc vrqw dyNdw hY[aus dy muK fyry p`CmI pMjwb ivc ngwhIAw, sKI srvr, Swhkot (mulqwn), ipSwvr qy lwhOr vZYrw ivc hn[aus dy kuJ fyry pUrbI pMjwb ivc mukMdpur (izlHw nvWSihr) Aqy lKpur (izlHw kpUrQlw) Aqy ihmWcl ivc Cotw ingwhIAw (izlHw aUnw, ihmWcl pRdyS) ivc vI hn[ sulqwn dI kbr ngwhIAw ipMf (hux iek v`fw ngr) ivc hY[ ies dI pqnI bIbI bweI dI kbr vI eyQy hI hY[ ies dy fyry dy cVHwvy nUM ies dy iqMn syvkW dI AOlwd lYNdI hY Aqy auh Awps ivc vMf lYNdy hn[ Aj-klH ieh sYNkVy vwirsW ivc vMfI jWdI hY[ (qsvIr: fyrw ZwzI ^wn ivc sKI srvr dw mzwr):

pwiksqwn dy bhuqy muslmwn ies nUM v`fw krwmwqI pIr mMndy hn[ pr vhwbI Aqy Awlm &wzl muslmwn ies pIr (Aqy hor swry pIrW) nUM r`d krdy hn Aqy ies nUM ku&r grdwndy hn ikauNik aunHW dI pUjw dw ArQ hY aunHW nUM AlHw dw SrIk mMnxw[ gurU Arjn swihb vyly A`Dw pMjwb (qkrIbn swry muslmwn Aqy bhuq swry ihMdU* vI) sKI srvr dw Bgq (srvrIAw) sI[(*sKI srvr nUM mMnx vwly ihMdU vI, muslmwnW vWg sUr dw mws nhIN KWdy qy dUjw mws vI auh Jtkw dI QW ’qy hlwl KWdy sn)[ gurU swihb ny bhuq swry srvrIAW nUM is`KI ivc ilAWdw sI. hor vyKo: mM\.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

skqU

BweI skqU mihqw Awgrw vwsI, gurU Arjn swihb Aqy gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy vyly dw pRmuK is`K sI[ auh Aksr gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) qy goieMdvwl AwauNdw rihMdw sI[ sqMbr 1621 ivc auh gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy nwl ruhIlw (goibMdpur, hux hrgoibMdpur) ivc mOjUd sI jd cMdU dy pu`qr rqn cMd, cMdU dy kuVm Bgvwn dws GyrV qy GyrV dy pu`qr krm cMd ny gurU jI ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ BweI skqU ies lVweI ivc bVI bhwdrI nwl liVAw[ ieh lVweI 27 sqMbr qy 3 AkqUbr 1621 ƒ, do idn, hoeI sI[ duSmxW dy AwhU lwhuMdw, auh A^Ir ShIdI jwm pI igAw[ BweI skqU dw izkr BweI gurdws ny vwr 11, pauVI 27 ivc kIqw hY (mhqw skqU AwgrY, c`Fw hoAw inhwlu inhwlw).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swls rwie

ieh hwjIpur (ptnw) dy ielwky ibSMBrpur dw vwsI, iek AmIr jOhrI sI[ AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn, 1509 ivc, gurU nwnk swihb hwjIpur Aqy ptnw vI gey sn[ hwjIpur ivc ies swls rwey jOhrI ny gurU jI ny Awpxy Gr Kwxy ’qy bulwieAw[ Kwxy mgroN aus ny gurU jI ƒ kuJ rkm vI ByNt kIqI[ gurU jI ny pYsy lYx qoN nWh kr idqI qy ikhw ik PkIr Awpxy nwl pYsw bMnH ky nhIN iljWdy[ gurU jI ny aus ƒ ieh vI disAw ik AwdmI dOlq kr ky v`fw nhIN huMdw, blik rUhwnI ielm hwisl kr ky sicAwr dI izMdgI jIx nwl v`fw huMdw hY[ ‘nwm’ vwly kol jo ^zwnw hY, auh rupeIAW dy ^zwny qoN ikqy v`fw hY[ swils rwey jOhrI nUM AwpxI dOlq dw mwx JUTw jwpx lg ipAw[ aus ny gurU jI A`gy isr JukwieAw Aqy gurU jI qoN ‘is`KI dy dwn’ dI mMg kIqI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk gurU swihb ny swls rwey jOhrI ƒ AwpxI dsqwr vI Byt kIqI sI pr ieh g`l shI nhIN hY; hW swls rwie gurU nwnk swihb dI isiKAw dw prcwr zrUr krdw irhw sI[ swls rwey nwl iek klipq khwxI vI joVI geI hY[ ies muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb ny BweI mrdwnw nUM iek p`Qr id`qw (jo aunHW nUM jMgl ivcoN imilAw sI) qy ikhw ik auh ies nUM vyc ky aus nwl jo idl krdw hY lY Awvy[ auh ijs kol vI igAw aus ny hI aus p`Qr nUM &zUl ikhw qy moV id`qw[ jd auh swls rwey kol igAw qW aus ny ies nUM vyK ky ikhw ik ieh AYnw kImqI hY ik mYN ies dI kImq nhIN dy skdw[ aus ny mrdwnw nUM ikhw ik mYN ies dy mwilk nUM imlxw cwhuMdw hW qy nwl hI aus ny Awpxy nOkr ADrkw nUM kuJ Pl qy hor qoh&y nwl lYx vwsqy ikhw Aqy gurU jI nUM imlx clw igAw[ gurU jI nUM iml ky swls rwey bhuq Asr-AMdwz hoieAw Aqy auh aunHW dw is`K bx igAw[swls rwey ny Awpxy Gr nUM Drmswlw bxw id`qw sI[ gurU goibMd isMG jI dw jnm iesy dy Gr ivc hoieAw sI[

gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn sMn 1920 ivc

gurduAwrw 2018 ivc

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

swlHo, BweI

BweI swlHo gurU rwmdws swihb Aqy gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ AMimRqsr (srovr) dI putweI dI syvw ivc aus ny bhuq ih`sw pwieAw sI[ mgroN drbwr swihb dI auswrI Aqy gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) Sihr vswaux ivc vI aus ny bhuq syvw kIqI sI[ aus ny bhuq swry lokW nUM ies ngr ivc v`sx dI pRyrxw id`qI sI[ auh iek iksm dw ngr dw srbrwh/ nwizm sI; Awmdn qy ^rc dw ihswb aus kol sI[ aus dI syvw qy SrDw kr ky gurU Arjn swihb aus nUM bhuq ipAwr krdy sn[ auh gurU pRvwr dy eynw nyVy sI ik aus nUM gurU hrgoibMd swihb dI brwq ivc vI Swiml kIqw igAw sI[ aus dI mOq 1628 ivc hoeI sI qy aus dw sskwr gurU hrgoibMd swihb ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw sI[ aus dI irhwieS vwlI QW ’qy gurduAwrw ‘BweI swlHo dw toBw’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dy AMdr iek cub`cw ijhw bxwieAw hoieAw hY ijs nUM aus vyly dw AslI toBw kihMdy hn qy Boly lok auQoN dw pwxI ‘AMimRq’ vjoN pINdy hn[ BwvyN ies dw ieMqzwm SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmtI kol hY pr ies dy bwvjUd gurduAwry ivc BweI swlHo dI v`fI swrI qsvIr (Asl nhIN) r`KI hoeI hY qy lok aus nUM hwr pwauNdy hn Aqy m`Qw vI tykdy hn, jo ik gurmiq dy ault hY.

gurduAwrw BweI swlHo (AMimRqsr)

swlHo dw toBw dy nW ’qy bxieAw cub`cw

gurduAwry ivc BweI swlHo dI klipq qsvIr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMBwjI

sMBwjI BONsly (14.5.1657 – 11.3.1689) mhwrwxI sweIbweI qoN iSvwjI mrh`tw dw sB qoN v`fw pu`qr sI[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN auh 16 jnvrI 1681 dy idn AwpxI hkUmq dw muKI bixAw[ jd 11 jUn 1665 dy idn iSvwjI qy AOrMgzyb ivc smJOqw ho igAw qW ies nUM 8 swl dI aumr ivc hI smJOqy ’qy Aml krn dI ‘zmwnq’ vjoN id`lI ByijAw igAw qy ieh jY isMh imrzw dI imsl ivc iek qrHW nwl bMdI irhw qy aus nUM hr roz muZl drbwr ivc hwzr rihxw pYNdw sI[ 12 meI 1666 dy idn iSvwjI qy sMBwjI dovyN AOrMgzyb dy drbwr ivc Awgrw ivc hwzr hoey ij`Qy AOrMgzyb ny aunHW dohW nUM nzrbMdI (hwaUs ArYst) ivc r`Kx dw hukm dy id`qw[ isr& do mhIny mgroN hI 22 julweI 1666 dy idn auh kYd ivcoN dOV gey[ sMBwjI iek kwmI qy A`XwS nOjvwn dI izMdgI ibqwauNdw sI[ A^Ir duKI ho ky iSvwjI ny 1678 ivc ies nUM pnhwlw dy iklHy ivc kYd kr id`qw[ iSvwjI dI mOq (3 ApRYl 1680) mgroN 21 ApRYl 1680 dy idn aus dy Coty lVky dw rwj iqlk kIqw igAw[ ies ’qy ies ny bZwvq kr id`qI Aqy pnhwlw iklHy dy kmWfr nUM kql kr ky rwey gVH dw iklHw vI kbzy ivc kr ilAw[ aus ny Awpxy Brw qy aus dI pqnI nUM kYd kr ky 20 julweI dy idn q^q ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies qoN kuJ idn mgroN hI aus ny burhwnpur ’qy hmlw kr ky kbzw kr ilAw[1682 ivc aus dIAW muZlW, mYsUr dy rwjy qy purqgyzIAW nwl lVweIAW hoeIAW[

A^Ir 1687 ivc ‘vweI dI lVweI’ ivc auh hwr igAw qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky aus ’qy bypnwh qS`dd kIqw igAw[ aus dIAW A`KW k`FIAW geIAW, jIB v`FI geI, cmVI auDyVI geI, ijsm pwiVAw igAw qy A^Ir aus dy isr ivc kuhwVI mwr ky aus nUM ^qm kr id`qw igAw[ ies hor irvwieq muqwibk aus nUM bwdSwh kol pyS kIqw igAw sI qy ieslwm nw kbUlx kr ky aus nUM qsIhy dy ky mwirAw igAw sI qy aus dI lwS dy tukVy ku`iqAW A`gy pwey gey sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMmx

Swhbwzpury (KfUr qoN nwgoky vl qkrIbn 3 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf) dw vwsI sMmx (mUsn dw ipqw) gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly dw is`K sI[ iek swKI Anuswr iek vwr kpUr dyv nW dy iek is`K ny gurU jI qoN pu`iCAw ik gurmuK is`K ikhVw hY jo sdw Bwxw mMndw hY, qW gurU jI ny aus dw nW ilAw sI[ sMmx nwl iek khwxI vI juVI hoeI hY[ ies muqwibk ijvyN aupr izkr kIqw hY guru jI ny kpUr dyv nUM sMmx dy Gr ByijAw[ jd auh au~Qy pu`jw qW aus ny dyiKAw ik sMmx lkVW iek`TIAW kr irhw hY (ijvyN ik iksy dw sskwr krnw hovy)[ ie`q&wkn ausy rwq fwkUAW ny ipMf ‟qy hmlw kr id`qw[ fwkUAW dy i^lw& lVn vwilAW ivc sMmx dw pu`qr vI sI[ ies lVweI ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[ bIqI Swm iek`TIAW kIqIAW l`kVW nwl aus ny pu`qr dw sskwr kIqw[ au~QoN jwx l`igAW kpUr dyv ny aus nUM pu`iCAw ik Aijhw jwpdw hY ik qYnUM pu`qr dI mOq dw AwBws ho igAw sI qy qUM l`kVW iekTIAW kr irhw sI[ pr qUM pu`qr dI izMdgI vwsqy Ardws ikauN nw kIqI[ BweI sMmx ny aus nUM ikhw ik is`K nUM pRBU dy Bwxy ivc rihxw cwhIdw hY[ (iehI khwxI iek iek gujrwq vwsI is`K BweI iBKwrI dy nW nwl vI joVI hoeI hY[ ieh khwxI s`cI nhIN ik aus nUM pu`qr dI mOq dw pihlW pqw sI[ drAsl ieh khwxI „Bwxw mMnx‟ dI g`l smJwaux vwsqy bxweI geI sI)[ BweI gurdws muqwibk sMmx Awpxy ielwky dw msMd sI[ auh ielwky dy guris`KW dI ^br rKdw sI qy Awey-gey dI pRym nwl syvw kirAw krdw sI: “sMmxu hY swhbwj puir gurisKW dI swr lhMdw” (vwr 11, pauVI 22)[ ieh vI i^Awl kIqw jWdw hY ik gurU gRMQ swihb ivc (s&w 1363 ‟qy) „caubly‟ isrlyK hyT bwxI (sMmn jau ies pRym kI, dm ik´hu hoqI swt) gurU Arjn jI ny sMmx qy aus dy pu`qr mUsn nUM mu^wiqb ho ky ilKI hY (ijvyN gurU nwnk swihb ny s&w 722-23 ‟qy BweI lwlo nUM Aqy s&w 553 ‟qy BweI mrdwnw nUM mu^wiqb ho ky ilKI hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMpUrn isMG rwmw

jQydwr sMpUrn isMG rwmW (1895 – 15.11.1970) dw jnm BweI hrI isMG mwn dy Gr mwqw Bwg kOr dI ku`K qoN ipMf mOV iFlvW (izlHw biTMfw) ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN ieh prvwr rwmW (mMfI) ivc rihx lg ipAw sI[sMpUrn isMG nUM bcpn ivc hI ikqwbW pVHn dw SOk sI[ ies qoN hI aus ivc kivqwvW pVHn qy ilKx dw SOk pYdw ho igAw[ sMn 1941 ivc auh AnMdpur swihb igAw qy au~Qy KMfy dI pwhul lY leI[ ies mgroN auh AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho igAw[ kuJ swlW mgroN auh izlHw biTMfw Aqy iPr swrI pitAwlw styt dw jQydwr bx igAw[

1952 ivc aus dy SRomxI AkwlI dl dy audoN dy pRDwn pRIqm isMG gojrW nwl mqByd ho gey qW aus ny pwrtI C`f id`qI Aqy mwlvw irAwsqI AkwlI dl bxw ilAw[ hux aus ny pMjwbI sUbw vwsqy morcw lwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ApRYl 1952 ivc aus ny iek h&qwvwr prcy ivc kivqw ilK ky ies sbMD ivc Awpxy ivcwr pyS kIqy[ aus vyly qk pMjwbI sUbw bwry Awm lokW nUM kuJ vI pqw nhIN sI[ 24 ApRYl 1953 dy idn aus ny Bwrq dy pRDwn mMqrI pMfq jvwhr lwl nihrU nUM iek ^q ilK ky pMjwbI sUbw bxwaux dI mMg kIqI qy ikhw ik “mMg nw mMny jwx dI sUrq ivc mYN pRDwn mMqrI dI koTI dy bwhr mrn vrq r`KWgw[” ies qoN Cy mhIny bwAd AkqUbr 1953 ivc auh gurduAwrw dmdmw swihb qlvMfI swbo qoN id`lI vwsqy cl ipAw[ pihlI nvMbr 1953 dy idn aus nUM pMjwb qy id`lI dI srh`d ’qy nrylw stySn qoN igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy iqhwV jylH ivc bMd kr id`qw igAw[ aus ny jylH ivc hI mrn vrq SurU kr id`qw[ au~Qy aus nUM jbrI Kurwk id`qI geI ijs nwl aus dI ishq ivgV geI qy ies kr ky aus nUM irhw kr ky aus dy ipMf ivc nzrbMd kr id`qw igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny iek vwr iPr mrn vrq SurU krn dI koiSS kIqI[ ies nwl aus dI ishq hor ivgV geI[ ies dy nwl hI Awpxy AVb suBwau kr ky Awpxy swQIAW nwl vI nwrwz ho igAw qy A^Ir isAwsq C`f igAw[ aus ny Awpxw Aw^rI smW rwmW qy biTMfw ivc, qkrIbn guMmnwmI ivc, ibqwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

smrU byZm

smrU byZm (1753 – 27.1.1836) dw Asl nW &rzwnw zyb-au-insw sI[ auh kSmIrI ipCokV dI, luq& AlI ^wn dI bytI, iek Coty ijhy k`d, swFy cwr Pu`t, dI kuVI sI qy iek nwcI vjoN lKnaU rih rhI sI[ Ajy auh 14 swl dI sI ik aus dw myl lZzmbrg mulk dy 45 swlw vwltr rweInhwrt sONbr nwl hoieAw[ auh pihlW &rWs dI &Oj ivc sI pr mgroN AMgryzI &OjI dw jrnYl bx igAw sI[ (lokW vwsqy sONbr dw nW lYxw AOKw sI, ies kr ky aus dw nW ‘smrU’ cl ipAw jo vDyry mShUr ho igAw)[ sONbr lKnaU qoN ruhIlKMf qy iPr Awgrw Aw igAw[ mgroN auh bMgwl dy mIr kwsm dI &Oj ivc Swiml ho igAw[ pr kuJ icr mgroN auh iPr gMgw-jmnw doAwb dy ielwky ivc Aw igAw[ auh bhuq au~dmI jrnYl sI qy hOlI-hOlI ihMmq kridAW kridAW aus ny pRwcIn ngr hsqnwpur dy nyVy, srdwnw ngr (myrT qoN 20 iklomItr dUr) nUM AwpxI Awzwd irAwsq vjoN kwiem kr ilAw[

iek vwr auh lKnaU AwieAw hoieAw sI qy ies nwcI dy koTy ’qy igAw[ aus nUM auh psMd Aw geI qy auh aus nUM Awpxy nwl hI lY igAw[ ies mgroN auh aus dy nwl pihloN rKYl qy iPr pqnI vjoN rihx lg peI[ smrU dI mOq (1778) mgroN auh ies irAwsq dI hwkm bx geI[ aus ny XUrpIn &OjI jrnYlW twms Aqy lyvwso nUM nOkrI ’qy r`K ky AwpxI irAwsq nUM kwiem r`iKAw[ aus nUM keI lVweIAW vI lVnIAW peIAW[

1781 ivc aus ny kYQoilk m`q Dwrn kr ilAw qy aus dw nW johwnw r`iKAw igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny iek kYQoilk crc vI bxvwieAw qy bhuq swrIAW smwijk sMsQwvW dI mwlI mdd vI kIqI[ byZm smrU bhuq cusq AOrq sI qy aus ny AwpxI qwkq kwiem krn vwsqy AMgryzW hI nhIN bwkIAW nwl vI suKwvyN sbMD kwiem kIqy[

3 jnvrI 1791 dy idn is~K &OjW ny BweI BMgw isMG dI AgvweI hyT AnUp Sihr ’qy hmlw kIqw Aqy ies hmly dOrwn iek AMgryz A&sr krnl rwbrt stUArt nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw qy aus nUM irhw krn vwsqy 3 l`K rupY dI mMg kIqI; pr AMgryzW ny aus nUM irhw krvwaux vwsqy eynI rkm nw id`qI qy auh is`KW dI ihrwsq ivc hI irhw[ A^Ir 9 mhIny 21 idn dI kYd mgroN ies byZm smrU ny s`T hzwr rupY dy ky aus nUM 24 AkqUbr 1791 dy idn CufvwieAw[ ies nwl AMgryzW ivc vI aus dI p`kI swK bx geI[ 1793 ivc aus ny lyvwso nwl gupq swdI kr leI[ do swl ip`CoN jd aus dI &Oj nUM pqw l`gw qW auh bZwvq ’qy auqr Awey[ ies ’qy dohW ny ^udkuSI krn dI koiSS kIqI[ lyvwso qW mr igAw pr ieh bc geI[ 1805 ivc ies ny AMgryzW dI ADIngI kbUl kr leI qy ies mgroN sOKI izMdgI ijaUNdI rhI[ BwvyN aus ny sObr (smrU) qoN mgroN lyvwsy nwl SwdI kr leI sI, pr aus dw nW smrU byZm vjoN vDyry mShUr irhw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMqoK isMG

kvI sMqoK isMG (pu`qr dyvw isMG) dw jnm 8 AkqUbr 1787 dy idn nUrdIn ipMf ivc hoieAw sI[ aus dw ipqw krm isMG inrmly dw cylw sI qy aus qoN gurbwxI qy vydWq piVHAw hoieAw sI[ sMqoK isMG ny inrmly sMq isMG igAwnI koloN 15 swl pVHweI kIqI qy gurbwxI, vydWq qy ihMdU gRMQW dI pVHweI kIqI[ mgroN auh kwSI (vwrwnsI) clw igAw qy auQy vI qy ihMdU gRMQW dw muqwlIAw kIqw[ auh 1810 ivc bUVIAw (hirAwxw) ivc rihx lg ipAw[ auh kuJ icr pitAwlw ivc vI irhw[ 1823 ivc aus ny ‘gurU nwnk pRkwS’ iliKAw Aqy sMsikRq ifkSnrI ‘Amr koS’ dw qrjmw kIqw[ sMn 1825 ivc kYQl dy rwjy audY isMG ny aus nUM rwj kvI dw Ahudw dy ky Awpxy kol r`K ilAw[ 1829 ivc aus ny ‘grb gMjnI’ nW hyT jpujI dw qrjmw kIqw[ 1834 ivc aus ny vwlmIkI rwmwiex dw qrjmw kIqw[ 1843 ivc aus ny is`K ieiqhws dI ikqwb ‘gurpRqwp sUrj gRMQ’ pUrI kIqI qy iesy swl 19 AkqUbr dy idn aus dI moq ho geI[

sMqoK isMG dw iliKAw ieiqhws ij`Qy kwlpink khwxIAW, Zlq q`QW Aqy ihMdU imQhws nwl BrpUr hY, auQy aus ny bhuq QWvW ’qy gurU swihbwn dI S^sIAq dy ivru`D vI bhuq GtIAw drjy dy l&z vI vrqy hn[ inrmly pujwrIAW dw cylw hox kr ky, aunHW ny ies dy ieiqhws dI kQw gurduAwirAW ivc SurU krvw id`qI, ijs nwl is`KW ivc bhuq Zlq mnOqW qy DwrnwvW kwiem ho geIAW qy lokW ivc Zlq ieiqhws pRclq ho igAw[ jdoN ivdvwnW ny ienHW ZlqIAW nUM suDwrnw cwihAw qW gurduAwirAW ’qy kwbz cODrIAW Aqy bRwhmxI qy inrmlw soc dy pujwrIAW ny aunHw dy i^lw& &qvy dyxy SurU kr id`qy[ sMqoK isMG dI iek is&q zrUr mMnxI cwhIdI hY ik auh ibRj BwSw dw isrmOr kvI sI ijs ny ies zubwn ivc hzwrW si&AW dw gRMQ iqAwr kIqw[ aus qoN mgroN Aj qk vI koeI vI ieh mukwm hwisl nhIN kr sikAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

smuMdw

BweI smuMdw gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ surq isMG inrmlw ny (mnI isMG dy nW hyT ilKI ‘Bgq rqnwvlI’ ivc) aus dy nwl iek swKI joV ky iliKAw hY ik iek vwr gurU jI ny aus dy svwl dw jvwb dyNidAW ‘snmuK’ (gurmuK) qy ‘ivmuK’ (bymuK, mnmuK) dy l`Cx ds ky prmwrQ dw aupdyS id`qw sI[ aus dw izkr BweI gurdws ny ieM\ kIqw hY: suhVu iqlokw sUrmw, is`K smuMdw snmuK swrw (vwr 11, pauVI 18).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sWgw, rwxw

rwxw sWgw (12.4.1484 – 30.1.1528), ijs dw Asl nW rwxw sMgrwm isMh sI, myvwV ielwky dw issofIAw rwjpUq ^wndwn dw rwjw sI, ijhVw 1508 ivc, Awpxy ipqw rwey ml dI mOq mgroN, q^q ’qy bYiTAw sI[ aus ny bhuq vwr A&Zwn loDI, id`lI sulqwnW qy A^Ir muZlW nwl lVweIAW lVIAW sn[ aus dI Aw^rI lVweI Awgrw nyVy Kwnvw dI sI (jo 17 mwrc 1527 dy idn bwbr dIAW &OjW nwl lVI geI sI)[ rwxw sWgw bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik aus dy ijsm ’qy 80 z^m sn[ Awpxy Brw nwl lVweI ivc aus dI iek A`K mwrI geI sI qy p^qUnW nwl lVweI ivc aus dI iek bWh v`FI geI sI[ l`q ivc qIr l`gx kr ky auh lMgVw ky turdw sI[ aus dI rwxI krnwvqI ny 8 mwrc 1535 dy idn ic`qOVgVH dy ikly ivc jOhr kIqw sI.

rwxw sWgw dI mOq mgroN aus dy pu`qr ivkrmwidqXw isMh (rwj= 1531-1537), audY isMh dUjw (rwj: 1540 qoN 1572) AwpxI irAwsq dy muKI bxy sn[ mhwrwxw pRqwp isMh (jnm 9.5.1540, rwj= 1572 qoN 29.1.1597) aus dw poqw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMgq rwie

BweI sMgq rwie BweI j`gU (jgqw) dw bytw, BweI pdmw dw poqw qy BweI kOl dws dw pVpoqw sI[ auh cOhwn rwjpUq ^wndwn nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ aunHIN idnIN ieh pirvwr “dburjI audY krn vwlI” (izlHw isAwlkot) ivc rih irhw sI[ ieh ipMf BweI audY krn (pu`qr BweI hwjl, poqw BweI goiel) dy nW qy visAw hoieAw sI[ BweI audY krn dw poqw BweI kOl dws, BweI sMgq rwie dw pVdwdw sI[

ieh cOhwn pirvwr gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`K Drm Apxw cu`kw sI[ ies pirvwr dy gurU swihb nwl bVy nzdIkI sbMD rhy sn[ jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny &Oj bxweI sI qW BweI sMgq rwie dy ipqw, cwcy qy ccyry Brw aus &Oj ivc Swiml hoey sn[ aunHW ivcoN BweI ikSnw (pu`qr BweI kOl dws) 27 ApRYl 1635 dy idn krqwrpur ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ ieM\ hI BweI sMgq rwey dy qwey BweI durgw dy pu`qr BweI Awlm isMG n`cxw (jo gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw ifEVI brdwr sI) Aqy aus dy pu`qrW ny vI cmkOr dI lVweI ivc 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ShIdI jwm pIqy sn[ BweI sMgq rwey dy pMj hor Brw (BweI hnUmMq, BweI sihj, BweI fogr, BweI hIrw, BweI idAwl) vI v`K-v`K mukwmW ‟qy ShId hoey sn[ BweI hnUmMq qW BweI sMgq rwie dy nwl hI ShId hoieAw sI[

jdoN 19 Agsq 1695 dy idn lwhOr dy nwieb sUbydwr idlwvr ^wn dw pu`qr rusqm ^wn AnMdpur swihb ‟qy hmlwvr hoieAw, pr hmlw nw kr skx kwrn ^wlI muiVAw qW idlwvr ^wn ny kWgVy dy iklyHdwr husYn ^wn ƒ &Oj dy ky phwVW v`l ByijAw[ husYn ^wn ny AnMdpur swihb v`l mUMh krn dI bjwie is`DI phwVI rwijAW ‟qy cVHweI kr id`qI[ fFvwlIey qy iblwspurIey rwijAW ny pihloN qW husYnI dw twkrw kIqw pr A^Ir hiQAwr su`t id`qy[ husYn ^wn ny aunHW ƒ ies Srq ‟qy muAw& kIqw ik ayuh AwpxIAW &OjW sxy aus dI muihMm ‟c Swiml ho ky bwkI phwVI rwijAW ‟qy hmlw krngy[ ies muihMm dOrwn muZl &OjW ny gulyr (hrIpur) irAwsq ‟qy vI hmlw kIqw[ gulyr dy rwjy gopwl ny smJOqw krn dI koiSS kIqI pr husYnI ny pUry dw pUrw mwmlw iek-dm lYx dI Srq r`K id`qI, ijhVI pUrI krnoN rwjw gopwl ny mjbUrI zwihr kIqI[ A^Ir rwjw gopwl ny gurU swihb qoN mdd mMgI[ ies ‟qy gurU swihb ny BweI bicqr dws, BweI sMgq rwie, BweI hnUmMq rwie, BweI lihnU, BweI d`go vZYrw dI AgvweI ‟c is`K &OjW ƒ rwjw gopwl dI mdd vwsqy ByijAw[ 19 &rvrI 1696 dy idn hoeI ies lVweI ivc is`K jrnYlW dy qIrW dI vwCV ny muZlW, Aqy aunHW qoN hwr ky ZulwmI kbUl krn vwly phwVI rjvwiVAW dIAW &OjW dy C`ky Cufw id`qy[ kWgVy dw iklyHdwr husYn ^wn qy aus dI keI phwVI swQI mwry gey[ is`KW iv`coN vI BweI lihnU, BweI sMgq rwie, BweI hnUmMq, BweI drso qy iqMn hor is`K ShId ho gey[ ies sbMDI „B`t vhI BwdsoN‟ ivc iek izkr ieM\ AwieAw hY: “lihnU bytw mweIdws kw, poqw blU kw, jlHwnW sqrW sY bwvn Pwgn idhuM qyeIs, vIrvwr ky idvs, gulyr ky mlHwn swmyH mwQy jUJ kr mrw[ gYloN sMgq rwie, hnUmMq byty jgqy ky, poqy pdmw ky, pVpoqy kaul ky, cMdrbMsI bqs goqry cwihmwn, hjwbq AWibAwnyN mwry gey[” (B`t vhI BwdsoN prgnw Qwnysr, Kwqw jlHwny puAwroN kw)[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMgq isMG (BweI PyrU)

AMbmwVI (izlHw lwhOr) dy BweI ibMnw au`pl KqrI dw puqr (jnm 1640), ijs dw pihlw nW sMgq sI[ ieh guru hr rwie dy smyN qoN hI kIrqpur, iPr ck nwnkI qy AnMdpur swihb AwauNdw irhw sI[ ieh Awpxy ielwky dw msMd sI[ jd msMdW dI prK hoeI sI qW ies dI syvw nUM swhvyN rKidAW, ies nUM ‘s`cI dwVHI’ dw i^qwb dy ky isropwE dI b^iSS kIqI geI sI (vyKo: msMd)[ AnMdpur swihb ivc pwhul lYx mgroN ies dw nW sMgq isMG bixAw sI[ ies mgroN ieh ipMf prq AwieAw sI qy ies ny ielwky ivc lok BlweI dy kMm SurU kIqy sn[ hOlI-hOlI ies dy bhuq swry cyly bx gey qy ies dw Gr iek fyrw bx igAw qy ies dy cyilAW nUM ‘sMgqswihbIey’ ikhw jwx lg ipAw. hor vyKo: PyrU (BweI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMgq isMG (pu`qr lhOrw isMG)

BweI sMgq isMG BweI lhOrw isMG dw pu`qr sI[ bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ShIdI mgroN Agly iqMn swl is`KW vwsqy bVy AOKy sn[ pMjwb dy iksy Sihr ivc iek vI is`K nzr nhIN AwauNdw sI, Aqy gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc qW iksy is`K dy hox dw svwl hI nhIN sI pYdw huMdw[ 1719 ivc s`Xd BrwvW ny &r`^sIAr bwdSwh nUM AMinHAW kr id`qw qy iPr mwr vI id`qw[ ies nwl id`lI hI nhIN pMjwb ivc vI byXkInI vwly hwlwq pYdw ho gey ijs kr ky lwhOr dy sUbydwr ny vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc idlcspI lYxI C`f id`qI[ ies qoN kuJ mhIny mgroN id`lI ivc muhMmd Swh rMgIlw bwdSwh bx igAw[ aus ny is`KW dy mwmly ivc koeI idlcspI nw leI[ ieM\ do kU swl hor bIq gey[ hux is`K SryAwm gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) Awaux lg pey[

1723 ivc gurU dw c`k ivc do DVy zrUr pYdw ho gey sn[ iek DVw Amr isMG kMboj (pu`qr rGupqI shwey kMboj, vwsI Kymkrn) dw sI qy dUjw qryhn prvwr dw[ Amr isMG kMboj auh S^s sI ijhVw bMdw isMG dI ShIdI vwlI rwq mihrolI ivc jw ky bMdw isMG dI lwS dy tukVy, aus nUM bMnHI hoeI lwl p`g ivc bMnH ky, cu`k ilAwieAw sI qy aunHW dw sskwr kIqw sI[

1723 ivc gurU-dw-c`k ivc JgVy dw kwrn ieh sI ik Amr isMG kMboj ny kihxw SurU kr id`qw ik gurU goibMd isMG swihb bMdw isMG nUM XwrHvW gurU Qwp ky gey sn[ pr dUjy pwsy sMgq isMG qy mIrI isMG (ijnHW nUM ‘ShId iblws’ dw lyKk ‘Akwl purKIey’ nW dNdw hY) kihMdy sn ik gurU goibMd isMG swihb gurU gRMQ swihb nUM gurg`dI dy ky gey sn[ Amr isMG ny guruU-dw-c`k ivc g`dI lw ky, mhMq bx ky, m`Qw vI itkwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ aus ny qW ieh prcwr vI SurU kr id`qw ik is`K nUM mws m`CI nhIN KwxI cwhIdI qy sUhy rMg dy k`pVy pihxny cwhIdy hn[

jd ieh mslw mwqw suMdrI (pqnI gurU goibMd isMG swihb) kol pu`jw qW aus ny BweI mnI isMG nUM ienHW dw mslw h`l krn vwsqy ^q iliKAw[ ies ’qy BweI mnI isMG ny dohW DiVAW nUM ibTw ky mslw h`l krn dI koiSS kIqI[ swlsI smJOqy muqwibk ieh mMinAw igAw ik do prcIAW au~qy dohW DiVAW dw nW ilK ky srovr ivc pw id`qw jwvygw qy ijs dI prcI pihlW qr AweI dUjw DVw aus dI g`l mMn lvygw[ ieq&wkn inhMgW (AkwlpurKIAW) dI prcI pihlW qr AweI[ pr bMdeI (Amr isMG dy swQI) iPr iv`tr gey[ ies hwlq ivc BweI mnI isMG ny AkwlpurKIAW dy lwhOrw isMG nwl slwh kIqI ik dohW qr&W dy m`lW (pihlvwnW) dw Gol krvw id`qw jwvy qy ijhVw F`T jwvy auh jyqU nUM Awpxw AwgU mnU ley[ A^Ir bMdeIAW v`loN sMgq isMG qy mIrI isMG ieh g`l mMn gey[ Akwl buMgw Aqy drbwr swihb dy ivckwr, JMfy buMMgy (ij`Qy hux do JMfy l`gy hoey hn) dy nyVy, Gol hoieAw ijs ivc bMdeIAW v`loN sMgq isMG qy AkwlpurKIAW v`loN mIrI isMG Guly ijs ivc bMdeIAW dw sMgq isMG F`T igAw[ hux sMgq isMG ny hwr mMn leI qy bMdw isMG nUM gurU kihx dI izd bMd kr id`qI[ BweI mnI isMG ny ausy vly sUr dw Jtkw krvw ky, mws iqAwr kr ky, sMgq isMG qy aus dy swQIAW nUM KuAwieAw qy nwl hI sUhy rMg dI QW nIly kpVy puAw ky ‘eykqw’ krvw id`qI. (auN\ prcIAW pwauxw jW Gol krvw ky &Yslw krnw, gurmiq muqwibk Zlq sI[ Aijhy qrIikAW nwl isDWqk inrxY nhIN kIqy jw skdy[ isDWq dw inrxw isr& gurbwxI dy ADwr ’qy hI kIqw jw skdw hY; Aqy, ieihwskq &Ysly q`QW dy ADwr ’qy kIqy jw skdy hn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMgq isMG

24 jUn 1734 dy idn BweI mnI isMG nwl ShId hox vwilAW ivc BweI sMgq isMG vI Swiml sI[ sMgq isMG BweI nTIAw dw bytw, BweI b`lU dw poqw Aqy BweI mUlw dw pVpoqw sI[ auh nTIAw dy A`TW byitAW ivcoN sqvyN QW ’qy sI[ iek lyKk ny cmkOr ivc ShId hox vwly BweI sMq isMG bMgySrI ƒ ZlqI nwl sMgq isMG iliKAw hY [ drAsl cmkOr ivc imldy nWvW vwly do isMG sn[ iek sMgq isMG CwbVw jwq dw AroVw sI Aqy dUjw sMq isMG prmwr rwjpUq sI (jo nTIAw dw bytw sI)[ iek lyKk ny sMgq isMG AroVw ƒ sMq isMG AroVw vI iliKAw hY[ ieM\ hI iek lyKk ny nTIAw dy A`TW pu`qrW ivcoN sB qoN in`ky dohW dw nW sMgq isMG qy sMq isMG dI QW sMgq isMG Aqy lwl isMG iliKAw hoieAw hY[nTIAw dy A`T pu`qr ieh sn: BwgU (BgvMq isMG), kurIAw (kuier isMG) bwjU (bwz isMG), rxsI (rx isMG), Swm (Swm isMG) su`Kw (su`Kw isMG) sMqw isMG (sMq isMG) sMgqw (sMgq isMG)[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI ShIdI mgroN sMgq isMG BweI mnI isMG kol AMimRqsr rihMdw irhw sI[ ApRYl 1734 ivc aus ƒ vI BweI mnI isMG dy nwl igR&qwr kr ky, 24 jUn dy idn lwhOr ivc ShId kr id`qw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMgq isMG

BweI sMgq isMG CwbVw ny cmkOr ivc 8 dsMbr 1705 dy idn svyr vyly muZl &OjW nwl lVidAW ShIdI pweI sI[ ies lVweI ivc ShId hox vwly 40 mukiqAW ivcoN Aw^rI dohW ivcoN auh iek sI[ sMgq isMG CwbVw goq dw AroVw is`K sI[ aus dw ipCokV p`tI (audoN izlHw lwhOr, hux izlHw qrnqwrn) dw sI[

sMgq isMG gurU swihb dI &Oj dw mMinAw hoieAw jrnYl sI[ aus ny sMn 1700 ivc AnMdpur swihb Aqy inrmohgVH dIAW swrIAW lVweIAW ivc vI ih`sw ilAw sI[ sMgq isMG Aksr AnMdpur swihb irhw krdw sI[ jdoN meI 1705 ivc phwVI &OjW ny AnMdpur swihb ƒ Gyrw pwieAw qW BweI sMgq isMG vI au~Qy hwizr sI[ ies vyly au~Qy 500 dy krIb is`K mOjUd sn[ hOlI-hOlI rsd Gt geI qW ngr vwsIAW ƒ roz dI iek-iek mu`T CoilAW qy guzwrw krnw ipAw [ A^Ir 5 qy 6 dsMbr dI rwq ƒ, isMGW nwl ivcwr kr ky, gurU swihb ny AnMdpur Cfxw mnzUr kr ilAw[ ies mOky ’qy 40 is`KW ny gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg rih ky jwnW vwrn dw pRx kIqw[sMgq isMG CwbVw ienHW cwlHIAW ivcoN iek sI[

AnMdpur swihb C`fx smyN auh gurU swihb dy nwl hI irhw Aqy kIrqpur Aqy srsw ndI lMGx mgroN cmkOr ivc vI gurU swihb dy nwl sI[ sq dsMbr dI svyr ƒ auh cmkOr ivc gurU swihb dy nwl BweI buDI cMd rwvq dI gVHI ivc mOjUd sI[ ies idn dupihr bwAd muZl &OjW vloN Gyrw pwaux mgroN igxqI dy is`KW Aqy v`fI igxqI ivc muZl &OjW ivc A-sWvIN lVweI SurU ho geI[ ieh lVweI hnyrw pYx qk cldI rhI [ ies vyly qk 45 ivcoN 38 is`K, pMjW ivcoN iqMn ipAwry Aqy dovyN v`fy swihbzwdy ShId ho cu`ky sn[

rwq vyly kotlw inhMg ^wn dy BweI inhMg Kwn dI BUAw aumrI dy do pu`qr BweI nbI Kwn Aqy ZnI Kwn muZl &Oj dw bwxw lY ky Aw gey[ aunHW ny gurU swihb ƒ auQoN iljwx vwsqy Bys bdlx vwsqy AwiKAw[ ies mOky ’qy gVHI ivc isr& dieAw isMG, Drm isMG, mwn isMG (prmwr), dieAw isMG puroihq, rwm isMG (prmwr), BweI sMgq isMG CwbVw Aqy sMq isMG bMgySrI hI rih gey sn[ gurU swihb ny BweI dieAw isMG, Drm isMG, mwn isMG, rwm isMG ’qy dieAw isMG puroihq ƒ vI Awpxy ip`Cy inkl jwx vwsqy AwiKAw[ hux gVHI ivc isr& sMgq isMG CwbVw Aqy sMq isMG bMgySrI hI rih gey sn[

Agly idn 8 dsMbr ƒ phu PutidAW hI muZl &OjW ny gVHI qy Pyr hmlw kr id`qw[ aunHW dI hYrwnI dI koeI nw rhI, jdoN aunHW ƒ isr& do isMG hI lV ky ShId hoey nzr Awey[ jd auh dovyN vI ShId ho gey, qW pTwx ispwhIAW ny ieh smJ ilAw ik aunHW ny gurU swihb ƒ vI ShId kr ilAw hY[ pr, jd aunHW nUM gurU swihb dy auQoN inkx jwx dw pqw l`gw qW aunHW ƒ bVI nmoSI hoeI [

sMgq isMG CwbVw dI ShIdI dw izkr keI lyKkW dIAW ilKqW ivc imldw hY[ kuJ QWeIN aus ƒ sMq isMG AroVw iliKAw vI imldw hY[ ieh BulyKw sMq isMG bMgySrI dy nW kr ky ipAw lgdw hY[ sMgq isMG p`tI (izlHw qrn qwrn) dw vwsI sI[ mgroN aus dy pu`qr hwVw isMG (aur& bhwdr isMG) isMG ny gurU jI qoN Awpxy h`k ivc hukmnwmw imly hox dw dwAvw kIqw sI, joik 9 A`sU 1761 (9 sqMbr 1704) dw hY[ cmkOr dI jMg 7 dsMbr 1705 dI hY, ies kr ky ieh hukmnwmw S`kI bx jWdw hY[ ies prvwr ny guru jI dw dsqwrw, jWmw qy joVy dw iek pYr (joVy dw dUjw pYr iek hor prvwr kol sI) hox dw vI dwAvw kIqw sI[ mgroN ieh prvwr ipSwvr clw igAw sI qy 1947 qoN mgroN id`lI Aw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMgq isMG

BweI sMgq isMG BweI CbIl isMG dw bytw, BweI murwrI dw poqrw qy BweI BUrw dw pVpoqrw sI[ ieh prvwr lwfvw (izlHw Qwnysr, hirAwxw) dw rihx vwlw sI[ mwrc 1709 dy AwKrI hPqy auh AMimRqsr ivc hI sI[ 6 ApRYl 1709 dy idn p`tI dy cODrI hr shwie Aqy 12 ApYRl nUM noSihrw pMnUAW dy hwkm cODrI dyvw ny gurU dw c`k ‘qy hmlw kIqw[ auh bhuq bhwdrI nwl liVAw Aqy duSmxW dy AwhU lwhuMdy hoey Awp vI ShId ho igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMgo Swh

BweI sMgoSwh (aus dw nW sMgrwm Swh vI imldw hY) m`lHw ipMf (izlHw &rIdkot) dy BweI swDU dw bytw Aqy BweI Drmw dw poqw sI[ aus dI mwqw bIbI vIro gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI bytI sI[ Xwin auh gurU goibMd isMG jI dI BUAw dw pu`qr sI[sMgo Swh dw ipqw BweI swDU Koslw-K`qrI pirvwr nwl sbMD r`Kdw sI[ sMgoSwh bVw bhwdr Aqy sUrbIr sI[ jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny &Oj bxweI qW auh vI aus ivc Swiml hoieAw[ auh gurU swihb nwl c`k nwnkI ivc vI rihMdw irhw sI [ jdoN gurU swihb ny ApRYl 1685 ivc pwauNtw vswieAw qW auh vI aunHW dy nwl auQy clw igAw[

18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn jdoN gVHvwl dy rwjw PqySwh ny gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kIqw, qW BMgwxI ivc bVI zbrdsq lVweI hoeI[ sMgoSwh ny ies lVweI ivc idlo-jwn qoN ih`sw ilAw Aqy duSmxW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ ies qrHW ies lVweI ivc bhwdrI dy jOhr idKw ky sMgoSwh ny ShIdI jwm pIqw[ “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc aus dI ShIdI dw izkr ieM\ imldw hY: “audIAw bytw Kymy cMdnIey kw….rmwnW, gurU kI bUAw ky byty sMgoSwh, jIq m`l byty swDU ky, poqy Drmy Kosly KqrI ky gYl rn BUmI myN Awey[ swl sqrW sY pYNqwlIs Asuj pRivSty ATwrW BMgwnI ky mlHwn jmnW igrI ky miDAwn rwj nwhn eyk GrI idhuM Kly jUJMqy sUirEN gYl swmHyN mwQy jUJ kr mry [”

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMgq isMG rwjw

jINd dy rwjw &qih isMG dw pu`qr, jo 11 swl dI aumr ivc g`dI qy bYiTAw[ 1824 ivc ies dw ivAwh Swhbwd dy reIs rxjIq isMG dI DI sBw kOr nwl hoieAw[ 23 swl dI aumr ivc 3 nvMbr 1834 dy idn sMgrUr ivc ies dI mOq ho geI[ ies dw koeI b`cw nhIN sI[ ies dw BqIjw srUp isMG ies dw vwrs bixAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMgrwm isMG

BweI sMgrwm isMG ny 12 meI 1710 dy idn cpVicVI dI lVweI ivc ShIdI jwm pIqw sI[ sMgrwm isMG BweI bicqr isMG dw bytw, BweI mnI isMG dw poqw qy BweI mweI dws prmwr dw pVpoqw sI[

5 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn gurU goibMd isMG swihb qoN Qwpxw lY ky bwbw bMdw isMG pMjwb v`l cl ipAw sI[ qkrIbn iek swl ivc aus ny hr pwsy is`KW nwl rwbqw kwiem kr ilAw qy qkVI &Oj kwiem kr leI[ bMdw isMG dI POj dI kmwn, hornW qoN ielwvw, bwj isMG (puuqr nTIAw, poqw b`lU), rwm isMG (pu`qr bicqr isMG, poqw BweI mnI isMG), Pqih isMG (pu`qr audY isMG, poqw BweI mnI isMG), kol vI sI[

ienHW Kwlsw POjW ny pMjwb dI AwzwdI dI j`dojihd 26 nvMbr 1709 dy idn smwxw ksby qoN SurU kIqI[ kuJ hI GMitAW ivc isMGW ny smwxw ‘qy kbjw kr ilAw[ ies lVweI ivc hornW qoN ielwvw BweI sMgrwm isMG ny vI bVI bhwdrI nwl jMg lVI sI[

is`KW dw sB qoN v`fw AYkSn srhMd dw sI ikauNik srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr Kwn ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy b`icAW Aqy mwqw nUM ShId kIqw sI qy auh isKW dw sB qoN v`fw duSmn sI[ iehI vzIr ^wn sI jo dsMbr 1705 dy AwKrI hPqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw ip`Cw krn vwsqy iek v`fI POj lY ky dInw-kWgV Aqy iPr kotkpUrw qy iKdrwxy dI Fwb qk igAw sI[ vzIr ^wn dy ieh hmly isrP 29 dsMbr 1705 qk hI nhIN cly blik aus ny bwdSwh bhwdr Swh nwl iml ky jmSYd ^wn nW dw iek BwVy dw pTwn gurU swihb dy ip`Cy nMdyV vI ByijAw, ijs ny 5 AkqUbr dI rwq nUM gurU swihb ‘qy ktwr nwl hmlw kr ky aunHW nUM ShId kIqw sI[ ies kr ky srhMd dw &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn Aqy aus dw vzIr su`cw nMd is`KW vwsqy sB qoN v`fy mujirm sn[

srhMd aus vyly lwhOr ijMnI v`fI POjI qwkq bx cu`kw sI; ies kr ky aus ‘qy hmlw krn vwsqy v`fI iqAwrI dI loV sI[ ies mksd vwsqy hiQAwr Aqy iek v`fI POj dI loV sI[ smwxy dI ij`q mgroN bMdw isMG kol kwPI hiQAwr Aw cu`ky sn[ ies qoN ielwvw vI is`KW ny hor vI hiQAwr lu`ty Aqy KrIdy vI sn[ 1710 dIAW grmIAW dy SurU hox qk hzwrW isMG bwbw bMdw isMG dI &Oj ivc Swiml ho cu`ky sn[ idn-b-idn nvyN is`K j`Qy bwbw bMdw isMG nwl rldy jw rhy sn[ AKIr meI 1710 dy dUjy hPqy qoN pihlW bwbw bMdw isMG ny srhMd ‘qy hmlw krn dI iqAwrI pUrI kr leI sI[ 10 meI 1710 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG ny srhMd v`l v`Dxw SurU kr id`qw[ auDr vzIr ^wn nUM vI bMdw isMG vloN kUc krn dI Kbr iml geI[ aus ny vI bMdw isMG nUM AgoN tkrn dw PYslw kIqw[ auh AwpxI POj nUM srhMd qoN 15 iklomItr dUr cpV-icVI ipMf dI jUh ivc lY AwieAw[ 12 meI nUM vzIr ^wn dIAW Aqy Kwlsw &OjW cpV icVI dy mYdwn ivc Aw ftIAW[ CyqI hI dohW pwisAW qoN gih-g`c lVweI SurU ho geI[ 12 meI 1710 do idn hoeI ies lVweI ivc muZlW dy hzwrW ispwhI mwry gey[ ies mOky ‘qy sYkVy is`KW ny vI ShIdI hwisl kIqI; ienHW ivc ieh nOjvwn sMgrwm isMG vI Swiml sI[

BweI sMgrwm isMG dy iqMn pu`qr (srUp isMG, igAwn isMG ‘qy sujwn isMG) sn[ ienHW ivcoN igAwn isMG dI AOlwd clI sI[igAwn isMG dy cwr pu`qr sn: KVk isMG, Pqih isMG, jYml isMG, vzIr isMG[KVk isMG dy iqMn pu`qr sn: Aqr isMG, mWgw isMG qy hwVw isMG[ ieMJ hI jYml isMG dy pMj pu`qr sn: n`Qw isMG, bu`D isMG, vDwvw isMG, vswvw isMG qy dUlw isMG[ ienHW ivcoN bu`D isMG dy A`goN 6 pu`qr sn: bMqw isMG, rwm isMG, lwl isMG, hrnwm isMG, krqwr isMG, pwlw isMG, su`cw isMG, POjw isMG[ ienHW dI A`goN hor AOlwd vI hY[ ienHW ivcoN bhuq swry pirvwr A`j klH ipMf sUhroN izlHw pitAwlw qy hor ielwikAW ivc rih rhy hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMgrwm isMh Btnyr

1635 ivc jd gurU hirgoibMd swihb kIrqpur rihx lg pey qW bhuq swry ihMdU rwjpUq rwjy qy Sihzwdy gurU swihb kol pnwh lYx vwsqy Awey sn[ ieh swry rwjy muZlW dy zulm qoN qMg Aw ky qy bwZI ho ky gurU swihb kol pnwhgIr bxy hoey sn qy au~Qy rih rhy sn[ ienHW ivc rwjw rwmpRqwp qy aus dw pu`qr rwm isMh qoN ielwvw Btnyr dw rwjw sMgrwm isMh vI sI jo iek muZl sUbydwr v`loN jbrI aus dI DI dw folw mMgx kr ky aus nUM kql kr ky au~Qy Aw igAw sI[

3 mwrc 1644 dy idn gurU sihb joqI-joiq smw gey qy jwx qoN pihlW gurU hir rwey swihb (spu`qr bwbw gurid`qw) nUM gurg`dI sONp gey[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy sskwr vyly rwjw rwmpRqwp qy aus dy pu`qr rwm isMh ny Awp dI icqw ivc ClWg mwr ky AwpxI jwn dy idqI[ auh dovyN gurU jI dw ivCoVw nw J`l sky qy ies dunIAW nUM Alivdw kih ky tur gey[ iesy mOky ’qy rwjw sMgrwm isMh Btnyr ny vI icqw ivc ClWg mwrn dI koiSS kIqI qW gurU hir rwey swihb ny aus nUM kwbU kr ilAw qy ies kwrvweI krn qoN rok ilAw, pr aus ny Awpxy sIny ivc ktwr mwr ky jwn dy id`qI[ gurU jI ny ies nUM Zlq ikhw Aqy sMgqW nUM smJwieAw ik ieh kwrvweI is`K &ls&y muqwibk shI nhIN hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

snmuK isMG d`q

BweI snmuK isMG BweI AVU rwm dw pu`qr, nrYx dws dw poqw, BweI bRhm dws dw pVpoqw sI[ ieh muMJwl d`q bRwhmx pirvwr dI pIVHI ivcoN sn qy kSmIr dy ksby m`tn dy rihx vwly sn[ gurU nwnk swihb jdoN kSmIr gey sn qW m`tn ivc aunHW dw myl bRhm dws (vwsI bIj ibhwVw, nyVy m`tn) nwl hoieAw sI qy gurU swihb ny aus dw hMkwr qoiVAw sI[ bRhm dws dw bytw nrYx dws sI [ nrYx dws dy do pu`qr sn : BweI AlU rwm qy BweI AVU rwm[ BweI AVU rwm dy A`goN cwr pu`qr sn: snmuK dws, BweI ikrpw rwm, iSv dws qy BweI cylw rwm[

jdoN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU kIqI qW sB qoN pihlW pMj ipAwirAW, iPr pMj mukiqAW qy Pyr BweI mnI isMG Aqy 10 hor is`KW ny KMfy dI pwhul hwisl kIqI [ ienHW qoN mgroN Agly jQy ivc KMfy dI pwhul hwisl krn vwiLAW ivc kvI brn, kvI AxI rwey, dXw rwm puroihq, gurb^S, ikrpw rwm Aqy aunHW dy Brw snmuK dws vI Swiml sn[ pwhul mgroN dohW BrwvW dw nW ikrpw isMG Aqy snmuK isMG riKAw igAw[

ikrpw isMG qy snmuK isMG kw&I dyr c`k nwnkI ivc rhy[ jdoN meI 1705 ivc phwVI rwijAW ny AnMdpur swihb dI GyrwbMdI kIqI, audoN dovyN Brw AnMdpur swihb ivc hI sn[ jdoN gurU swihb nUM AnMdpur swihb C`fxw ipAw qW aunHW nwl jwx vwly isMGW ivc ikrpw isMG Aqy snmu`K isMG vI sn [ ieh dovyN gurU jI dy nwl cmkOr ivc vI sn[ s`q dsMbr 1705 dI lVweI ivc dohW BrwvW ny muZl &OjW dw f`t ky twkrw kIqw Aqy ShIdI pweI[ ies bwry “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” ivc ieh ieMdrwj imldw hY: juJwr isMG bytw gurU goibMd isMG jI mhl dsmy kw………sMmq sqrW sY bwsT, poK mwsy sudI qIj, vIrvwr ky idhuM……….ikrpw isMG, bytw AVU rwm kw, snmuK isMG bytw AVU rwm kw, poqy nrYx dws ku muMJwl d`q bRwhmx, mukwm cmkOr, prgxw, ropV, qurk &Oj gYl, swmHy mwQy jUJ ky ShwdqW pwie gey”.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMswr cMd

sMswr cMd ktoc rwjpUq (1765 – dsMbr 1823) kWgVw dw rwjw sI[ auh ds swl dI aumr ivc g`dI ’qy bYiTAw sI[ aus ny AwpxI ihMmq nwl kWgVw Aqy huiSAwrpur dy ivckwrly ielwky ivcoN bhuq swrw ielwkw AwpxI irAwsq ivc Swiml kr ilAw sI[ bjvwVw dw iklHw (huiSAwrpur qoN 5 iklomItr) vI aus dy kbzy ivc sI[ 1804 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny hmlw kr ky huiSAwrpur qoN kWgVw dy ivckwr dw bhuq swrw ielwkw aus qoN Koh ilAw[ 1805 ivc nYpwl dy gorKw jrnYl Amr isMh Qwpw ny kWgVy ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ kWgVy dw iklHw bhuq mzbUq sI ies kr ky nYpwlI &OjW ies ’qy kbzw nw kr skIAW[ ieh Gyrw cwr swl qk ipAw irhw qW sMswr cMd ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM pYZwm Byj ky aus qoN mdd mMgI[ rxjIq isMG ny aus dI mdd krn vwsqy kWgVy v`l kUc kIqw Aqy gorKw &OjW nUM au~QoN dOVw id`qw[ pr hux rxjIq isMG ny ^ud ies iklHy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qy sMswr cMd v`loN Krwj Adw krn dI Srq ’qy aus nUM Awpxy mwqihq rwjw mMn ilAw[ 1823 ivc sMswr cMd dI mOq mgroN aus dww pu`qr AinruD cMd g`dI ’qy bYTw[1828 ivc jd kWgVy dw nvW rwjw Ainru`D cMd AwpxI mW qy dohW BYxW nwl &qih isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dy pu`qr inhwl isMG dy ivAwh ivc Swiml hox vwsqy AwieAw qW iDAwn isMh fogrw ny koiSS kIqI ik aus dy pu`qr hIrw isMh dw ivAwh (kWgVy dy mr cuky rwjy) sMswr cMd dI DI Aqy nvyN rwjy AnruD cMd dI BYx nwl ho jwvy[ pr kWgVy dy rwjy ies ‘nwjwiez’ (fogrw) prvwr nUM Awpxy qoN bhuq hI nIvW smJdy sn[ ies kr ky aus ny nWh kr id`qI Aqy rxjIq isMG qoN frdI mwrI, kuVIAW dI mW AwpxIAW DIAW nUM nwl lY ky, rxjIq isMG dy ielwky ivcoN B`j ky AMgryzI ielwky ivc clI geI[ ies g`l nUMM mW ny idl nUM lw ilAw qy auh kuJ hI idnW ivc idl dy dOry nwl mr geI[ auDr rxjIq isMG ny AnruD cMd nUM AwpxIAW BYxW moV ilAwaux vwsqy ikhw[ auh aunHW nUM ilAwaux dy bhwny AMgryzI ielwky v`l igAw pr muV ky nw AwieAw[ CyqI hI auh vI sdmy nwl mr igAw[ hux rxjIq isMG ny sMswr cMd dy nwjwiez pu`qrW ivcoN iek nUM kWgVy dw rwjw bxw id`qw pr nwl hI bdlw lYx vwsqy sMswr cMd dIAW dohW DIAW nUM Awp (jbrI) ivAwh ilAw[ rxjIq isMG iek nwcI morW, ijs nwl aus ny ivAwh kIqw hoieAw sI, vwsqy qW eynw pwZl sI ik iek vwr aus ny morW dI byh`d cwplUsI kridAW aus nUM AwpxI sB qoN ^UbsUrq rwxI ikhw[ ies ’qy g`dW (sMswr cMd dIAW dohW ivcoN iek DI) ny ^udkuSI kr leI sI (drAsl auh sB qoN suhxI sI).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMq isMG

(1) BweI sMq isMG bMgySrI ny 8 dsMbr 1705 dy idn svyr vyly muZl &OjW nwl lVidAW ShIdI jwm pIqw sI[ auh cmkOr dI lVweI ivc ShId hox vwly Aw^rI do isMGW ivcoN iek sI[ sMq isMG BweI nTIAw dw pu`qr qy BweI b`lU dw poqrw sI[ sMq isMG gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy ^ws drbwrI is`KW ivcoN iek sI[ auh hmySw gurU swihb dy kol irhw krdw sI[ aus ny AwpxI izMdgI dy Aw^rI keI swl gurU swihb dI syvw ivc ibqwey sn[ Kwlsw prgt hox qoN cmkOr dI lVweI q`k auh gurU swihb dy AMg-sMg hI irhw sI[ meI 1705 ivc jdoN AnMdpur dw Gyrw ipAw qW vI auh gurU swihb dy kol hI sI[ AnMdpur swihb ’coN 5 qy 6 dsMbr dI rwq ƒ inkl ky jwx vyly gurU swihb nwl jIx-mrn dw pRx krn vwly 40 mukiqAW ivc vI auh Swiml sI[ auh gurU swihb dy nwl hI cmkOr dI gVHI ivc vI hwizr sI[ s`q dsMbr dI rwq ƒ cmkOr dI gVHI ivc bc rhy 7 isMGW ivc auh vI Swiml sn [ aus rwq dy &Ysly muqwibk isr& sμq isMG bMgySrI (prmwr rwjpUq) qy sMgq isMG CwbVw (AroVw) ny hI gVHI ivc rihxw sI[ Agly idn phu-PutidAW hI aunHW dI lVweI mUZl &OjW nwl SurU ho geI[ pr AYnI v`fI &Oj dw mukwblw do isMG ijMnW kU icr kr skdy sn krdy rhy Aqy A^Ir ShIdI jwm pI ilAw[ aunHW dw sskwr 10 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gVHI dy bwhr hI kIqw igAw sI[

kuJ lyKkW ny aus dw nW sMgq isMG bMgySrI iliKAw hY[ auh qW 24 jUn 1734 dy idn BweI mnI isMG dy nwl lwhOr ivc ShId hoieAw sI [ ieM\ hI ieh lyKk 8 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ShId hox vwly dUjy isMG dw nW vI sMgq isMG dI QW sMq isMG ilK dyNdy hn [ drAsl ieh bMgySrI isMG sMq isMG sn Aqy dUjy isMG sMgq isMG CwbVw AroVw sn [ kuJ ieko ijhw nW hox kr ky ienHW lyKkW ƒ BulyKw lgw jwpdw hY[ sMq isMG p`tI dw vwsI sI[ mgroN aus dy pu`qr hwVw isMG (aur& bhwdr isMG) isMg ny gurU jI qoN Awpxy h`k ivc hukmnwmw imly hox dw dwAvw kIqw sI, joik 9 A`sU 1761 (9sqMbr 1704) dw hY[ cmkOr dI jMg 7 dsMbr 1705 dI hY, ies kr ky ieh hukmnwmw S`kI bx jWdw hY[ ies prvwr ny guru jI dw dsqwrw, jWmw qy joVy dw iek pYr (joVy dw dUjw pYr iek hor prvwr kol sI)hox dw vI dwAvw kIqw sI[ mgroN ieh prvwr ipSwvr clw igAw sI qy 1947 qoN mgroN id`lI Aw igAw sI. hor vyKo: sMgq isMG.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMq isMG igAwnI

ies dw jnm 1768 ivc inrmlw sUrq isMG dy Gr hoieAw sI[ sUrq isMG 1780ivAW ivc AMimRqsr rihx lg ipAw sI[ aus ny drbwr swihb ivc gRMQI dI syvw sMBwl leI sI[ aus dy mrn ip`CoN sMq isMG drbwr swihb dw gRMQI bx igAw[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI cwplUsI kwrn auh mhwrwjy dy bhuq nyVy Aw igAw[ aus ny hI rxjIq isMG nUM pRyrxw dy ky drbwr swihb dIAW dIvwrW dy bhuqy ih`sy nUM sony nwl mVHn dI kwrvweI krvweI sI (drbwr swihb ivc sony dy pqirAW Awid dI syvw BMgI imsl vyly SurU ho cukI sI)[ sMq isMG igAwnI au~qy Awpxy ipqw sUrq isMG dw bRwhmxI Asr pUrw sI qy auh imQhwsk dyvqy gxyS dw Bgq vI sI, iesy kr ky aus ny Awpxy Gr dy bwhr gxyS dy isr dw bu`q lwieAw hoieAw sI[ sMq isMG dI mOq 1832 ivc hoeI sI[ aus mgroN aus dw pu`qr gurmuK isMG Akwl buMgy dw dw muK gRMQI bixAw sI.

(qsvIr sMq isMG dy Gr dy bwhr gxyS dy isr dw bu`q).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMq isMG syKoN

sMq isMG syKoN (30 meI 1908 – 8 AkqUbr 1997) dw jnm hukm isMG dy Gr c`k 70 lwielpur (hux PYslwbwd, pwiksqwn) ivc hoieAw sI[ luiDAwxw izlHw dw ipMf dwKw ies prvwr dw j`dI ipMf sI[ aus ny AYm.ey. AMgryzI kIqI qy 1931 ivc Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc lYkcrr lg igAw[ 1952 ivc aus ny AsqI&w dy ky kimaUinst pwrtI v`loN lok sBw dI cox lVI pr burI qrHW hwr igAw[ ies mgroN auh mwqw gujrI kwlj &qihgVH sihb Aqy iPr gurU goibMd isMG rIpbilk kwlj jMifAwlw (jlMDr) ivc ipRMsIpl lg igAw[

sMq isMG syKoN pMjwbI dw nwmvr ilKwrI sI[ aus ny bhuq swry nwtk, khwxIAW, Awlocnw Aqy isAwsq sbMDI lyK vI ilKy[ aus dIAW muK rcnwvW hyT ilKIAW hn[ nwtk qy iekWgI: Cy Gr (1941), klwkwr (1946), qipAw ikauN KipAw (1950), nwt sunyhy (1954), moieAW swr nw kweI (1958), byVw bMD nw sikE (1958), dmXMqI (1960), bwbw bohV (1964), bMdw bhwdr (1985), v`fw G`lUGwrw (1986), im`qr ipAwrw (1971); nwvl qy khwxIAW:lhU im`tI (1949), qIjw pihr (1953), A`DI vwt (1954), nON inDwn (1956), bwrW drI (1956); Awlocnw: siqAwrQ[ aus nUM 1965 ivc pMjwb dw SRomxI swihqkwr Aqy 1972 ivc swihq AkYfmI AYvwrf id`qw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMq isMG qyZ

kSmIr dy is`K AwgU sMq isMG qyZ (13 ApRYl 1909 – 16 sqMbr 2007) dw jnm h`TIAW dup`tw ipMf (izlHw muz`&rwbwd, kSmIr) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn huMidAW hI auh isAwsq ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ 24 swl dI aumr ivc auh ikswn sBw dw pRDwn bx igAw[ies smyN aus ny AMgryzW dy i^lw& qkrIrW kIqIAW ijs kwrn aus dy vwrMt k`F id`qy gey[ igR&qwrI qoN bcn vwsqy auh kwbl clw igAw ij`Qy aus dw myl rwjw mihMdr pRqwp isMh nwl hoieAw[ auh aus dy nwl rUs Aqy hoyr sYNtrl eySIAn mulkW ivc vI igAw[ vwips Awaux mgroN auh 1931 dy kWgrs sYSn ivc kSmIr v`loN Swiml hoieAw[ ies dOrwn aus ny kSmIr dy gurduAwirAW nUM mhMqW qoN Awzwd krvwaux dI j`dojihd ivc Aihm rol Adw kIqw[ mhMqW ny aus nUM mrvwaux vwsqy keI vwr koiSS kIqI, pr auh hr vwr bc jWdw irhw[ 1938 ivc auh nYSnl kwn&rMs ivc Swiml ho igAw Aqy 1957 qk ies dI nYSnl kONsl dw mYNbr irhw[ auh Sy^ Abdu`lw dy nzdIkI swQIAW ivcoN iek sI[ aus ny 1947 ivc ri&aUjI is`KW dI bhuq mdd kIqI[ 1950 ivc auh kSmIr AkwlI dl dw pRDwn bixAw Aqy srb ihMd AkwlI dl dI vrikMg kmytI dw mYNbr bxwieAw igAw[ 1990 ivc auh AkwlI dl (mwn) dI kSmIr XUint dw pRDwn bixAw[ aus ny AwpxI izMdgI dy 17 vrHy jylW ivc vI ibqwey[ aus nUM lok ‘Syr-ie-kSmIr’ ikhw krdy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMq isMG (2)

BweI mnI isMG nwl 24 jUn 1734 dy idn lwhOr ivc bhuq swry isMG ShId kIqy gey sn[ ienHW ivcoN kuJ dw ipCokV pqw l`gdw hY pr bhuq swry Aijhy hn ijnHW dw isr& nW hI imldw hY Aqy keIAW dy qW nW vI nhIN imldy[ ShId iblws (BweI syvw isMG) Aqy gur iblws pwqSwhI 10 (kuier isMG) ivc pMj nW Aijhy hn ijnHW dw ipCokV nhIN l`B sikAw[ ieh hn: SrDw isMG, gurmuK isMG, sMq isMG, kwnH isMG qy cYn isMG[(gur iblws pwqSwhI 10): sRI gurbKS isMG iek jwnI, duqIey sMq isMG Agm bKwnI[AO srDw isMG jW mY su Apwrw[ audY isMG hY jws mJwrw[gurmuK isMG AwhY Aiq bIrw[ rx isMG eyk Agm bfbIrw[sMgq isMG hY nwm jW ko[ ey jUJy hY bIr su bWko[AOr isMG hY bVy bfyry [ pr inKwsq bIc ju hyry[.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMqw isMG bwbU

sMqw isMG (1887 – 27 &rvrI 1926) pu`qr sUbw isMG dw jnm hirEN Kurd (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc hoieAw sI[ dsvIN pws krn mgroN auh klrk BrqI ho igAw ijs nwl aus dy nW nwl „bwbU‟ l&z juV igAw[ &rvrI 1920 ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ 20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivc hoey kqlyAwm ny aunHW dy mn ivc ros pYdw kIqw[ aunHIN idnIN aus ny ikSn isMG gVg`j dy kuJ lYkcr vI suxy[ AkqUbr 1921 ivc aus ny ikSn isMG nUM aus dw swQI bxn dI ^whS dw iezhwr kIqw[ ikSn isMG ny aus nUM ikhw ik auh &Oj ivc hI rhy qy auQoN hI auh pMQ dI syvw krdw rhy[ pr aus koloN irhw nw igAw qy jnvrI 1922 ivc aus ny &Oj dI nOkrI C`f id`qI qy pUrI qrHW bbr lihr ivc Swiml ho igAw[ 21 meI 1923 dy idn bbrW ny Awpxy prcy „bbr AkwlI‟ ivc AYlwnnwmw CwipAw ijs ivc s`q bbrW ny, bbrW dy nW hyT kIqy jwx vwly AYkSn „Awpxy isr lYx‟ dw izMmw ilAw (qW jo puls Awm lokW nUM qMg nw kry)[ ieh s`q nW sn: krm isMG dOlqpur, audY isMG rwmgVH, DMnw isMG bihblpur, ibSn isMG mWgt, dlIp isMG DwmIAW, sMqw isMG hirENN, AnUp isMG (jo bwAd ivc ZdwrI kr igAw)[ ies mgroN bbrW ny Awpxy AYkSn SurU kIqy[ 10 &rvrI 1923 dy idn bbrW ny rwxI Qulw ipMf dy zYldwr ibSn isMG dw kql kIqw[ ies mgroN aunHW ny bihblpur dy lwB isMG qy hzwrw isMG, GuiVAwl ipMf dy sUbydwr gyNdw isMG, SwmW ipMf dw nMbrdwr bUtw qy kOlgVH ipMf dy rlw qy id`qU nUM kql kIqw[ „sMq‟ krqwr isMG (Asl nW Sr& dIn) dI muKbrI ‟qy pulIs ny aus nUM 10 jUn 1923 dy idn igR&qwr kr ilAw[ 20 jUn qoN 8 Agsq qk (50 idn) puls ny aus ‟qy bhuq qS`dd kIqw pr aus ny koeI rwz nw id`qw[ ies mgroN aus nUM jlMDr jylH ivc Byj id`qw igAw[ aus ‟qy “bbr swjS kys” clwieAw igAw[ aus ny ikhw ik auh brqwnvI AdwlqW qoN iensw& dI aumId nhIN rKdw qy aus ny AwpxI s&weI vwsqy vkIl lYx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ Adwlq ny aus nUM szwey mOq id`qI qy 27 &rvrI 1926 dy idn lwhOr jylH ivc &WsI ‟qy cVHw id`qw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMqw isMG jQydwr

BweI sMqw isMG (1897 – 20 &rvrI 1921) pu`qr BweI nMd isMG qy pRym kOr dw jnm ipMf frolI (izlHw jlMDr) ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN auh prvwr ipMf Swhkot (izlHw Sy^Upurw) clw igAw sI[ jd bkwpur ipMf dy BweI mihqwb isMG bIr (jo muslmwn qoN is`K bxy sn) ny dilqW nUM is`KI ivc Swiml krn vwsqy ‘Kwlsw brwdrI kwrj swDk dl’ bxwieAw qW sMqw isMG aus ivc Swiml ho igAw[ aunHIN idnIN hI gurduAwrw suDwr (AkwlI) lihr SurU ho cukI sI; auh vI ies dw Atu`t ih`sw bx igAw[ aus ny Awpxy ipMf ivc iek AkwlI j`Qw bxw ilAw[ jd gurduAwrw bwby dI byr (isAwlkot), gurduAwrw Krw sOdw qy gojrW dy gurduAwry nUM pMQk kbzy hyT ilAwaux dI lihr clI qW aus ny vI ies ivc ih`sw ilAw[ienHW idnW ivc nwnkwxw swihb nUM Awzwd krvwaux dI lihr vI cl rhI sI[ jd BweI lCmx isMG DwrovwlI nwnkwxw swihb nUM Awzwd krvwaux vwsqy j`Qw lY ky c`ly qW auh vI Awpxy ipMf qoN, 19 &rvrI 1921 dy idn iek jQw lY ky, ies ivc Swiml hoieAw[ AglI svyr nUM jd auh nwnkwxw swihb pu`jy qW mhMq nrYxU dy guMifAW ny aus nUM j`Qy dy bwkI mYNbrW dy nwl ShId kr id`qw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMqoK dws

sMqoK dws sMgqSwhIey fyry (BweI PyrU) dy cyilAW ivcoN iek sI[ ieh pihloN is`K Drm dw ih`sw sn pr iPr ieh Awpxy Awp nUM audwsI-ihMdU kihx lg pey sn[ jd is`K muZlW nwl lV rhy sn qW ienHW ny drbwr swihb Aqy hor gurduAwirAW dw ieMqzwm sMBwl ilAw sI[ sMqoK dws ny AMimRqsr ivc fyrw lwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus dw iek v`fw kMm, mhMq pRIqm dws nwl rl ky, AMimRqsr (drbwr swihb dw srovr) vwsqy hMslI (CotI nihr) bxw ky rwvI dirAw dw pwxI ilAwauxw sI[ sMqoK dws sMn 1781 qoN 1784 qk bRhm bUtw AKwVw dw pRbMDk irhw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 sMqoK isMG DridE

BweI sMqoK isMG dw jnm 1893 ivc BweI jvwlw isMG dy Gr isMgwpur ivc hoieAw sI[jvwlw isMG ny 1903 ivc pYnSn lY leI Aqy ipMf DridE muV AwieAw[ dsvIN pws kr ky 1910 ivc auh Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr ivc dwi^l ho igAw[ aus dI AMgryzI dI jwxkwrI eynI kmlw dI sI ik lok aus nUM ‘ifkSnrI isMG’ kih ky bulwiAw krdy sn[ 1912 ivc auh ieMglYNf clw igAw[ ies mgroN auh knyfw clw igAw[ 21 mwrc 1913 dy idn portlYNf (AmrIkw) ivc ‘ihMdI AYsosIeySn Aw& d pYsyi&k Aw& AmYrIkw’ kwiem kIqI geI qW aus nUM ies dI kwrjkwrxI ivc ilAw igAw[ sYn&rwissko swzS kys ivc aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky muk`dmw clw ky 21 mhIny vwsqy mkYnIkl twpU jylH ivc kYd kr id`qw igAw[ mwrc 1914 ivc aus nUM Zdr pwrtI dw sYktrI cux ilAw igAw[ nvMbr 1922 ivc auh rUs igAw Aqy kimaUinst ieMtrnYSnl ivc ih`sw ilAw[ ihMd prqx ’qy aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ jylH ivc mwVI ^urwk Aqu qS`dd ny aus dI ishq bhuq ^rwb kr id`qI[ 1925 ivc irhw hox mgroN auh AMimRqsr ivc hI rihx lg ipAw[ au~Qy aus ny Bwg isMG knyfIAn Aqy krm isMG cImw dI mdd nwl mwsik ‘ikrqI’ prcw SurU kIqw[ ies dw pihlw AMk 19 &rvrI 1926 dy idn CipAw sI[ ies dw sMpwdk sMqoK isMG Awp sI[ ienHW idnW ivc hI qpidk dI bImwrI kwrn aus dI ishq ivgVnI SurU ho geI[ aus nUM iek koTVI ivcoN cuk ky is`K imnrI kwlj (puqlI Gr) ilAWdw igAw[

mwstr qwrw isMG aus dy pRsMskW ivcoN iek sI ies kr ky aus dw bhuq i^Awl r`iKAw krdw sI[ pr bImwrI ny aus dw burw hwl kr id`qw sI[ 19 meI 1927 dy idn isr& 33 swl dI aumr ivc aus dI mOq ho geI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sMqoK isMG jQydwr

jQydwr sMqoK isMG (1928 – 21 dsMbr 1981) 1955 qoN 1981 qk id`lI dI is`K isAwsq ’qy CwieAw irhw sI[ id`lI dy gurduAwirAW ’qy kbzw r`Kx vwsqy auh kdy mwstr qwrw isMG qy kdy Pqih isMG nwl iml jWdw sI[ mgroN auh ieMdrw gWDI dw nzdIkI vI bx igAw[ aus ny bVI sUJ nwl id`lI dIAW srkwrW nwl nyVly sbMD bxw ky bhuq swry gurduAwirAW vwsqy zmInW hwisl kIqIAW[

1981 ivc Akwl q^q swihb dy muK syvwdwr jQydwr guridAwl isMG Ajnohw ieMglYNf gey qW (jQydwr) sμqoK isμG ny aunHW bwry iek ibAwn dy mwirAw ik auh ivdySW ivc Kwilsqwn vwsqy &Mf iek`Ty krn gey hoey hn[ ieh ibAwn Agsq 1981 ivc isr& lwlw jgq nwrwiex dI A^bwr ivc hI CipAw sI[ ies ibAwn kr ky sMqoK isMG ƒ Akwl q^q dy muK syvwdwr Aqy hor gRMQIAW v`loN Akwl qKq swihb ’qy qlb kr ilAw igAw[ aus ny AwpxI ‘jwn ƒ Kqrw’ AwK ky pyS hox qoN nWh kr id`qI pr nwl hI Akwl q^q dy muK syvwdwr dy sbMD ivc koeI vI ibAwn id`qy hox qoN vI mukr igAw[ (ieh crcw sI ik aus ny ieMdrw gWDI dy AwKx ’qy Akwl q^q ’qy Awaux qoN kIqI sI)[ 23 Agsq ƒ q^q dy gRMQIAW ny aus dy mukr jwx ƒ hI s&weI mμn ky aus nUM muAw& kr id`qw igAw pr aunHW A`gy pyS hox qoN nWh krn vwsqy ‘qnKwhIAw’ krwr dy id`qw[ ies ’qy sμqoK isμG fr igAw Aqy auh 9 sqμbr 1981 ƒ pMj gRMQIAW kol pyS ho igAw qy aus ƒ Dwrimk qn^wh lweI geI[

sMqoK isMG ieMdrw gWDI dw ^wsm-^ws sI qy aus dw p`kw v&wdwr sI qy dovyN iek dUjy dw pUrw swQ dyNdy sn qy hr smyN dUjy dy kMm AwauNdy sn, pr 9 sqMbr 1981 dy idn sMqoK isMG v`loN Akwl q^q ’qy pyS hox ‘qy ieMdrw aus nwl nwrwz ho geI ikauNik aus dy rokx dy bwvjUd auh AMimRqsr clw igAw sI[ ies mgroN dohW ny iek dUjy nwl bolcwl vI bMd kr id`qw[ jQydwr sMqoK isMG ny vI hux bwZI sur vI Apxw leI[ auN\ aus dw suBwA pihlW qoN hI KwVkU Aqy dlyrwnw vI sI[

aunHIN idnIN i&rkwpRsq p`qrkwr lwlw jgq nwrwiex dw kql ho igAw[ ies kql ivc cOk mihqw dy igAwnI jrnYl isMG iBMfrWvwlw dw h`Q sI[ pulIs ny aus dy vwrMt k`F id`qy Aqy aus nUM igR&qwr krn vwsqy aus dw hirAwxw ivc ip`Cw kIqw[ pihlW qW iBMfrWvwlw puls qoN bc ky inkl igAw pr A^Ir aus ny 20 sqMbr nUM cOk mihqw ivc igR&qwrI dyx dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ aus idn cOk mihqw ivc iqμn l`K qoN v`D is`K pu`jy[ies smyN hoey dIvwn ivc Akwl q^q swihb dy mu`K syvwdwr jQydwr guridAwl isMG Ajnohw Aqy AkwlI dl dy pμjwb Aqy id`lI dy sInIAr AwgUAW ny srkwr ƒ vwrinμg id`qI ik jy BweI jrnYl isμG dw vwl vI ivμgw hoieAw qW pμjwb Aqy Bwrq isvl vwr dI lpyt ivc Aw jwxgy[ jd puls BweI jrnYl isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ky kwr ivc ibTw ky iljw rhI sI qW jQydwr sMqoK isMG id`lI ny iek nwtk kIqw[ ijs kwr ivc puls iBMfrWvwlw nUM iljw rhI sI, auh aus kwr dI bOnt ’qy bYT igAw Aqy ikhw ik auh kwr jwx nhIN dyvygw[ kuJ icr mgroN iBMfrWvwilAW dy kihx ’qy auh bOnt qoN auqirAw qW hI puls dI g`fI A`gy jw skI[

jd ieh ^brW ieMdrw gWDI qk pu`jIAW qW aus ny sMqoK isMG dw ‘kMfw k`Fx’ dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ 21 dsMbr 1981 dy idn jd auh kwr ivc jw irhw sI qW aus dI kwr nUM id`lI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI iek hor mYNbr sohn isMG sMDU ny roikAw[ puls muqwibk ies mOky ’qy dohW ivc JgVw hoieAw Aqy dovyN iek dUjy dI golI nwl mr gey[ pr drAsl ieh AwpsI JgVy dw kql nhIN sI ikauN ik sMDU dy ijs irvwlvr nwl golI clweI geI khI geI sI auh irvwlvr Zwieb ho igAw sI[ jQydwr dy pu`qr mnjIq isMG jI. ky. dw Aj vI doS hY ik ieh kql ^u&IAw eyjMsIAW ny krvwieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sprU, qyj bhwdr

sr qyj bhwdr sprU (1875-1949) AlIgVH dw iek bRwhmx AwgU, XU.pI. AsYNblI dw iek mYNbr sI[ aus ny AMgryzW nwl nzdIkI sbMD bxw ky aunHW ivc AwpxI QW bxw leI[ nqIjy vjoN aus nUM vwierswie dI kONsl dw mYNbr Qwp id`qw igAw sI[ aus ny 1930-32 dIAW lMfn ivc hoeIAW golmyz kwn&rMsW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ 1944-45 ivc jd v`K-v`K AsYNblIAW qy kONslW ivc v`K-v`K DrmW dI numwieMdgI dw svwl AwieAw qW aus ny ies msly dy h`l vwsqy iek kmytI bxweI, ijs dw nW ‘sprU kmytI’ jwixAw igAw[ ies kmytI ny AwpxIAW is&wrSW srkwr nUM pyS kIqIAW, pr ieh is`KW nwl iensw& nw kr sikAw[ dUjy pwsy srkwr ny muslmwnW nUM sItW dI vD pySkS kr ky sprU kmytI dIAW is&wrSW nUM bymienw kr id`qw. (qsvIr: qyj bhwdr sprU):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sqI dws

BweI sqI dws BweI hIrw nMd dw spu`qr, BweI dvwrkw dw poqw Aqy ShId BweI prwg dws (prwgw) dw pVpoqw sI[ auh iC`br-bRwhmx ^wndwn nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ aus dw pirvwr gurU rwmdws swihb dy vyly is`K pMQ nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ aus dw pVdwdw prwg dws gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI &Oj dy pMj muKI jrnYlW ivcoN iek sI[prwg dws 3 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw (hirgoibMdpur) dI lVweI ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ ieh iC`br pirvwr ipMf kirAwlw (izlHw ijhlm, pwiksqwn) ivc irhw krdw sI[

sqI dws gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw bVw swidk qy syvwdwr sI[ aus dw gurU swihb nwl bVw ipAwr sI[ Awm qOr ‟qy ij`Qy vI gurU swihb jWdy sn sqI dws vI aunHW dy nwl irhw krdw sI[ sqI dws bVy cMgw rsoeIAw vI sI[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw Kwxw Aksr auhI bxwieAw krdw sI[ BweI idAwl dws qy BweI mqI dws (aus Brw) qoN bwAd BweI sqI dws Aijh S^s sn ijs ƒ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy bhuq nyVy rihx dw Sr& hwisl hoieAw sI[

1665 ivc jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ƒ Dmqwn qoN igR&qwr kIqw igAw qW auh gurU jI dy nwl hI sI [ auh gurU swihb dy nwl hI do mhIny bMdIKwny ivc irhw[ ies mgroN jdoN gurU swihb Aswm, bMgwl, ibhwr dy dOry ‟qy gey qW auh vI aunHW dy nwl hI igAw Aqy aunHW dy nwl hI 1670 ivc pMjwb vwips AwieAw[ julweI 1675 ivc jdoN gurU swihb ƒ igR&qwr kr ky cwr mhIny b`sI pTwxW (srhMd dy nyVy) kYd ivc r`iKAw igAw qW auh vI gurU jI dy nwl hI sI[ nvMbr ‟c gurU jI dy nwl aus nUM vI id`lI iljwieAw igAw sI[

11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn kwzI ny BweI sqI dws ƒ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI dw swQ dyx Aqy ieslwm kbUl nw krn kr ky mOq dw &qvw jwrI kIqw igAw[ aus ƒ rUM ivc lpyt ky ijaUNidAW swV ky ShId kr id`qw igAw[

sqI dws dI ShIdI gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny Awpxy A`KIN vyKI Aqy AwiKAw: “ienHW is`KW dI Shwdq ny qurk rwj dIAW jVHW KoKlIAW kr id`qIAW hn[ ieh rwj izAwdw smW nhIN rhygw[ jd q`k zmIn ‟qy Asmwn, cMd qy sUrj kwiem hn, ienHW ShIdW dw nW dunIAW ivc rOSn rhygw[” sqI dws dI ShIdI sbMDI ieMdrwj „B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI‟ qy „B`t vhI qlauNFw prgxw jINd‟ ivc imldy hn.

(iek klwkwr dI ingwh ivc ShdI dw idRS)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sqnwmI/ sqnwmIey

rwjpUqW dw iek i&rkw, jo AOrMgzyb Aqy muZlW dy zulmW qoN duKI ho ky cMdyl rwjpUq jgjIvn dws (pu`qr swDU gMgw rwm) sI AgvweI hyT muZl rwj dy i^lw& ho igAw sI[ieh vI ikhw jWdw hY ik jgjIvn dws gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM imilAw sI qy aunHW dI ASIrvwd hwisl kIqI sI[ ies irvwieq muqwibk gurU jI ny aus nUM siq nwm jpx vwsqy ikhw sI, ijs qoN aunHW dw nW sqnwmIey bx igAw sI[ ienHW ny nwrnOl (hirAwxw ivc id`lI qoN 120 iklomItr dUr) ’qy kbzw kr ky SwhI &Oj nUM hrw id`qw sI[ ies nwl muZlW ivc dihSq PYl geI sI qy auh ienHW qoN frn lg pey sn[ muslmwnW ivc ieh g`l PYl geI sI ik ienHW kol koeI (siqnwm dw) mMqr hY ijs kr ky ienHW nUM koeI hrw nhIN skdw[ ies g`l ny AOrMgzyb dI nINd hrwm kr id`qI Aqy aus ny ^ud ies muihMm dI AgvweI sMBwlI Aqy ds hzwr dI igxqI ivc &Oj iqAwr kIqI qy sqnwmIAW dy mMqrW nUM byAsr krn vwsqy Awpxy h`QIN JMfy au~qy kurwn dIAW AwieqW ilK ky sXd Aihmd ^wn dI AgvweI hyT &Oj ByjI[ ies &Oj ny 15 mwrc 1672 dy idn sqnwmIAW ’qy hmlw kr ky ienHW dw kqlyAwm krnw SurU kr id`qw[ pihly idn hI do hzwr sqnwmI kql kr id`qy gey sn[ ies kqlyAwm ivcoN jo bcy auh m`D pRdyS qy C`qIsgVH dy ielwky v`l cly gey sn[ iqMn dhwikAW mgroN jgjIvn dws dy iek cyly dulMd dws ny ienHW nUM muV jQybMd krn ivc bhuq v`fw rol Adw kIqw sI[ hux aunHW ivcoN bhuq swry C`qIsgVH, JwrKMf qy bMgwl dy ielwikAW ivc vI PYly hoey hn[ aunHW ivcoN keI iesweI vI bx cuky hn[iek AMdwzy muqwibk ienHW dI igxqI fyF kroV dy krIb hY[ C`qIsgVH dw muK mMqrI AjIq jogI iesy kbIly ivcoN hY. 2. 1820 ivc ipMf igrodpurI (izlHw rweypur, m`D pRdyS) dy GwsIdws (1756 – 1836), pu`qr mMgU dws, ny dilqW (^ws kr ky cmwrW) nUM jQybMd kIqw qy sqnwm dw pRcwr kIqw[ mgroN aus dy pu`qr bwlk dws ny vI sqnwmIAW nUM cMgI AgvweI id`qI[ A`j auh C`qIsgVH ivc iek bhuq v`fI qwkq bx cuky hn[ aunHW dw hYfkuAwrtrz BMfwrw (izlHw rweypr, m`DpRdyS) ivc hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

s`qw qy blvMf

s`qw qy blvMf gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly dy FwFI sn[ auh gurU drbwr ivc bIr rs qy SWq rs dIAW vwrW gwieAw Aqy kIrqn kirAw krdy sn[ v`K-v`K irvwieqW muqibk auh jW Brw sn qy jW ipau pu`qr[ s`qw qy blvMf bwry iek khwxI mShUr hY ik gurU swihb dy drbwr ivc keI B`t kvI, kIrqnIey qy FwfI hwizr irhw krdy sn[ ienHW ivc hI sn: s`qw qy blvMf, do rbwbI, jo gurU drbwr ivc rbwb vjwieAw qy kIrqn kirAw krdy sn[GVI geI khwxI muqwibk iek vwr s`qy ny gurU swihb nUM ikhw ik myrI DI dI SwdI hY qy jy gurU drbwr dw iek idn dw pUrw cVHwvw mYnUM iml jwvy qW mYN AwpxI DI dw ivAwh sOiKAW kr skWgw[ gurU swihb ny aus dI Arz kbUl kr leI[ pr ie`q&wkn aus idn sMgq Gt AweI Aqy cVHwvw Gt hoieAw[ies ’qy s`qw iv`tr igAw Aqy hor rkm mMgx lg ipAw[ jd gurU swihb ny aus dI g`l nw mMnI qW s`qw qy blvMf rus ky cly gey qy Pyr muV ky nw Awey[ gurU swihb dy s`dx ’qy vI auh drbwr ivc hwizr nw hoey[ iek vwr qW gurU swihb ^ud aunHW nUM bulwaux gey pr aunHW Awauxw qW kI sI aultw aunHW ny qW gurU nwnk swihb dI Swn ivc vI ieh AwK ky gusqw^I kIqI ik ‘jy mrdwnw kIrqn nw krdw qW gurU nwnk swihb nUM vI iks ny jwxnw sI?’ s`qw qy blvMf dI ieh ihmwkq vyK ky gurU swihb vwips muV Awey[ dUjy pwsy gurU drbwr dw kMm pihlW vWg cldw irhw[ gurU swihb ny sMgqW nUM smJwieAw ik is`K pMQ iek ie`qhwd hY qy ies ivc koeI vI S^s vDyry Aihm (jW Gt Aihm) nhIN[ AYsw koeI vI S^s nhIN hY ijs ibnw pMQ dw kw&lw ruk jwvygw[ gurU swihb ny hux kIrqn dI syvw BweI hrI rwm, BweI gurSrn Aqy BweI swihb rwm nUM sONp idqI[ ieh iqMny bhuq suhxw kIrqn krn lg pey[ sMgqW nUM hOlI-hOlI ieh vI Bu`l igAw ik s`qw qy blvMf dI kdy hoNd vI sI jW nhIN[ auDr, s`qw qy blvMf dI AwkV bVI CyqI B`j geI[ aunHW dohW dy GrW dw ^rcw gurU drbwr ivcoN imlx vwlI Bytw dy Awsry ’qy hI cldw sI[ hux aunHW nUM rotI imlxI vI AOKI ho geI[ jd auh Bu`Ky mrn lg pey qW aunHW ny iek is`K BweI l`Dw dy pYr PVy Aqy aunHW rwhIN gurU swihb qoN muAw&I mMgI[ jd gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM muAw& kr idqw qW auh ^ud drbwr ivc hwzr hoey qy sMgqW qoN vI vwr-vwr muAw&I mMgI[ s`qy qy blvMf dI iek vwr gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hY[

drAsl s`qw qy blvMf gurU drbwr dy bVy Aihm drbwrI sn bhuq ipAwr qy SrDw nwl kIrqn kirAw krdy sn[ aunHW dI S^sIAq nUM fygx vwsqy iksy ny aunHW dy gurU swihb nwl ‘rus jwx’ qy iPr muAw&I mMgx dI ieh khwxI GVI sI[ s`qw qy blvMf ny gurU gRMQ swihb ivclI AwpxI ‘vwr’ iek ‘muAw&Inwmy’ vjoN nhIN ilKI sI[(AijhIAW khwxIAW pihloN jnmswKIAW dy lyKkW ny BweI mrdwnw vwsqy vI GVIAW sn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sqvMq isMG

sqvMq isMG (1962 – 6.9.1989) pu`qr iqRlok isMG bwjvw dw jnm (mwqw) ipAwr kOr dI ku`K qoN, ipMf Agvwn Kurd (izlHw gurdwspur) ivc hoieAw sI[ jvwn hox ’qy auh id`lI pulIs ivc BrqI ho igAw sI[ auh pRDwn mMqrI ieMdrw gWDI dI koTI ’qy sur`iKAw gwrf vjoN qweInwq sI[ ieMdrw gWDI v`loN 4 jUn 1984 dy idn drbwr swihb ’qy &OjI hmlw kr ky hzwrW bygunwh is`KW dw kql krn dy jurm dI szw dyx vwsqy aus ny Awpxy swQI mulwzm byAMq isMG nwl iml ky 31 AkqUbr 1984 dy idn ieMdrw gWDI nUM kql kr id`qw[ byAMq isMG ny Awpxy 38 bor dy irvwlvr nwl ieMdrw gWDI ’qy iqMn golIAW clweIAW Aqy sqvMq isMG ny AwpxI sty~n gMn dIAW 30 golIAW ^wlI kr id`qIAW[ kql krn ip`CoN aunHW ny Awpxy hiQAwr su`t id`qy pr dUjy sur`iKAw gwrfW ny aunHW dohW ’qy golIAW clw ky mwrn dI koiSS kIqI; ies golwbwrI nwl byAMq isMG dI mOq ho geI pr sqvMq isMG nU bcw ilAw igAw[ sqvMq isMG Aqy ikhr isMG ’qy muk`dmw clw ky aunHW nUM mOq dI szw suxweI geI qy id`lI dI iqhwV jylH ivc &WsI ’qy ltkw id`qw igAw[ sqvMq isMG dI mMgxI suirMdr kOr (puqrI ivrsw isMG) nwl ho cukI sI[suirMdr kOr ny 2 meI 1988 dy idn sqvMq isMG dI &oto nwl ivAwh kr ilAw; pr aus dy ies kd dy bwvjUd aus dI &WsI dI szw ^qm nw kIqI geI[ auNj sqvMq isMG dy Gr idAW ny bIbI suirMdr kOr nwl cMgw slUk nw kIqw; auh 2001 ivc cVHweI kr geI.

(qsvIr sqvMq isMG qy bIbI suirMdr kOr):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 swvx m`l

ieh guru Amr dws jI dw BqIjw sI[ jd goieMdvwl ivc sMgqW vwsqy mkwn bxwaux vwsqy l`kV dI zrUrq mihsUs hoeI qW gurU jI ny l`kV ilAwaux vwsqy ies nUM, hrIpur dy phwVI ielwky (ndOn qy kWgVw dy ivckwr) v`l ByijAw[ ies ny l`kV dw ieMqzwm kr ky ibAws dirAw rwhIN l`kV vI iBjvweI qy nwl hI gurU nwnk dI is`KI dw pRcwr vI kIqw[ ies dy pRcwr dy Asr hyTW hrIpur-gulyr irAwsq dw rwjw pirvwr sxy goieMdvwl AwieAw Aqy is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw[gurU jI ny ies nUM mMjI b^SI qy phwVI ielwky ivc pRcwr krn dI syvw sONpI[ ieh irAwsq gurU goibMd isMG jI hI nhIN blik mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qk is`K pMQ dw ih`sw rhI sI.

swvn m`l

swvn m`l (puqr hoSnwk m`l) 1821 qoN 1844 qk mulqwn dw sUbydwr sI[ pihlW, auh AkwlgVH dy dl isMG hyT kMm krdw irhw sI[ 1804 ivc dl isMG dI mOq mgroN auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG kol nOkr ho igAw[aus dI sqwrW swl dI v&wdwrI ny aus nUM sUbydwr dy Ahudy qk phuMcw id`qw[ swvn m`l iek byilhwz Aqy s`cw iensw& krn vwlw hwkm mMinAw jWdw sI[ aus ny qW Awpxy pu`qr nUM vI jurm dI pUrI szw id`qI sI[ 16 sqMbr 1844 dy idn jd iek mulzm nUM aus A`gy pyS kIqw igAw qW aus ny swvn m`l ’qy hmlw kr ky burI qrHW z^mI kr id`qw qy ienHW z^mW kr ky auh 29 sqMbr dy idn cVHweI kr igAw[ aus mgroN aus dy pu`qr mUl rwj nUM mulqwn dw sUbydwr bxwieAw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

sihj isMG

BweI sihj isMG ƒ 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl (lwhOr) ivc ijaUNidAW zmIn ivc g`f ky ShId kIqw igAw sI[ sihj isMG, j`gU dw pu`qr, pdmw dw poqw qy kaul dws dw pVpoqw sI[ auh “dburjI audYkrn vwlI” (izlHw isAwlkot) dw rihx vwlw sI[ ieh ipMf BweI audY krn (pu`qr hwjl, poqw goiel) dy nW ’qy visAw hoieAw sI[audY krn dw poqw kaul dws, sihj isMG cOhwn dw pVdwdw sI[

ieh pirvwr pMjvyN gurU dy vyly qoN hI is`K pMQ dw iek ^ws ih`sw sI[ ies pirvwr ivcoN bhuq swry jixAW ny pMQ vwsqy jwnW kurbwn kIqIAW sn[ ies pirvwr dy kaul dws qy aus dw bytw pdmw gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy drbwrI is`KW ivcoN sn Aqy auh Aksr gurU swihb dy nwl hI irhw krdy sn[ pdmw dy s`q pu`qr sn: durgw (ieh ielwky dw msMd sI), j`gU, gurdws, KwnU, hymdws, cqrw Aqy suKn[ sB qoN v`fy BweI durgw dy iqMn byty sn[ Awilm isMG n`cxw, bIr isMG qy cOpw isMG[ durgU qoN Coty j`gU dy A`T byty sn: sihj isMG, sMgq rwie, hnUmMq, munSw isMG, hwTU isMG, hIrw isMG qy idAwl isMG[ ienHW ivcoN hnUmMq Aqy sMgq dovyN gulyr dI lVweI ivc (19 &rvrI 1696) ShId hoey sn[ hwTU isMG 12 ApRYl 1709 dy idn gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc ShId hoieAw sI[ bwkI dy pMjW ivcoN cwr (sihj isMG, fogr isMG, hIrw isMG qy idAwl isMG) 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc ShId kIqy gey sn[

meI 1710 ivc jdoN bhwdr Swh bwdSwh ƒ pqw l`gw ik bwbw bMdw isMG dI AgvweI ivc is`KW ny pMjwb ivc kw&I ielwky ivc AwpxI srdwrI kwiem kr leI hY qW aus ny pMjwb v`l kUc krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ auh AkqUbr 1710 ivc iek bVI v`fI &Oj lY ky pMjwb v`l tur ipAw[ aus ny sonIpq, sFOrw, smwxw, srhMd vZYrw ’qy dubwrw kbzw kr ilAw[ ies mgroN aus ny bwbw bMdw isMG dw ip`Cw krnw SurU kIqw pr bMdw isMG 30 nvMbr 1710 dy idn lohgVH dy iklHy ivc hI gwieb ho igAw[ ies mgroN bwdSwh ny lwhOr ivc fyry lw lYx dw &Yslw kIqw[iesy idn (kuJ lyKk ieh qwrI^ 10 dsMbr ilKy hn; auh jUlIAn dI QW grYgorIAn kYlMfr ivc bdl ky ilKdy hn) bhwdr Swh ny is`KW dw kqlyAwm krn (nwnk pRsqW rw hr jw bXwbMd bkql rswnMd) dw hukm jwrI kIqw: “The Emperor asked Bakhshi-Ul-Mumalik Mahabat Khan that under his name orders should be issued to the Faujdar around Shahjahanabad that wherever the Nanak-worshippers be found they should be murdered.” (29 Shawwal, 4th Bahadurshahi, A.H. 1123).

is`KW dy kqlyAwm dy nW hyT pMjwb dy v`K-v`K ih`isAW ivcoN is`K igR&qwr kIqy gey[ ienHW ivc BweI j`gU cOhwn pirvwr dy cwr, BweI boihQ B`t pirvwr dy s`q, BweI jIqw isMG pirvwr dy cwr, BweI mnI isMG dy do Brw qy iek BqIjw, BweI CbIlw dy byty BweI jyTw isMG qy BweI Drm isMG Aqy 21 hor jxy vI Swiml sn[ ieh swrIAW igR&qwrIAW julweI-Agsq 1711 ivc kIqIAW geIAW[ ienHW swirAW ƒ v`K-v`K QwvW qoN igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr ilAWdw igAw[ Agly iqMn mhIny ienHW ’qy zbrdsq qS`dd kIqw igAw Aqy qrHW-qrHW dy qsIhy id`qy gey[ aunHW ƒ ieslwm ivc ilAwaux vwsqy qrHW-qrHW dy lwlc vI id`qy gey[ A^Ir jdoN lwlc qy qsIhy, dovyN, aunHW ƒ is`KI C`fx vwsqy mjbUr nw kr sky qW kwzI dy &qvy hyT aunHW ƒ Awlovwl (izlHw lwhOr) ivc ijaUNidAW ƒ zmIn ivc g`f id`qw igAw[ ieh Gtnw 11 AkqUbr 1711 dI hY[ ienHW cwlHIAW ivc ieh sihj isMG cOhwn vI Swiml sn[sihj isMG dy nwl aus dy iqMn hor Brw (fogr isMG, hIrw isMG qy idAwl isMG) vI ShId kIqy gey sn[ ienHW ShIdIAW dw izkr “B`t vhI qlauNFw”, “B`t vhI BwdsoN prgnw Qwnysr”, “B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI” Aqy “B`t vhI isrsmw” ivc vI imldw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

syvw dws qy ‘prcIAW’

syvw dws audwsI i&rky nwl sbMDq sI (ieh syvw pMQI i&rky dw nhIN sI)[ ies bwry hor jwxkwrI nhIN imldI[ ies ny ‘prcIAW syvw dws’ (swKIAW syvw dws audwsI) nW dI iek ikqwb ilKI sI ivc 50 swKIAW hn, ijnHW ivcoN pihly 8 gurUAW bwry iek-iek, nOvyN gurU bwry 4 Aqy bwkI 38 gurU goibMd isMG bwry hn[ BwvyN lyKk dwAvw krdw hY ik aus ny ieh ikqwb 1708 ivc ilKI sI, pr jwpdw hY ik ieh ATwrHvIN sdI dy A^Ir jW 19vIN sdI dy SurU ivc ilKI geI sI[ ies ikqwb ivc lyKk ny msMd pRQw ^qm krn, AOrMgzyb nUM gurU jI dw ^q (AKOqI z&rnwmw) phuMcwaux, gurU goibMd isMG dI bwdSwh bhwdr Swh nwl nyVqw, gurU goibMd isMG dI ShIdI bwry iliKAw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw ies ivc pRihlwd isMG vwlw ‘rihqnwmw’ vI id`qw hoieAw hY[ ieh ikqwb BwSw ivBwg ny 1961 ivc pihlI vwr (dUjI AYfISn 1978 ivc) CwpI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

syvw dws

ieh sRIngr dw iek bRwhmx sI qy mwqw BwgBrI dw bytw sI[ mwDo soFI nW dy iek is`K rwhIN ieh is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI. hor vyKo: sRIngr, BwgBrI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

syvw isMG B`t

BweI syvw isMG Aqy aus dy do Brw qwrw isMG qy dyvw isMG (iqMny Brw) 11 AkqUbr 1711 dy idn Awlovwl ivc ShId kIqy gey sn[ ieh BweI hrI isMG B`t dy pu`qr, BweI bohQ B`t dy poqy Aqy ShId BweI kIrq B`t dy pVpoqy sn[

meI 1710 dy A^Ir ivc jdoN bhwdr Swh bwdSwh ƒ pqw l`gw ik bwbw bMdw isMG dI AgvweI ivc is`KW ny pMjwb ivc kw&I ielwky ivc AwpxI srdwrI kwiem kr leI hY qW aus ny pMjwb v`l kUc krn dw &Yslw kIqw [ auh AkqUbr 1710 ivc iek bVI v`fI &Oj lY ky pMjwb v`l tur ipAw[ aus ny sonIpq, sFOrw, smwxw, srihMd vZYrw ’qy dubwr kbzw kr ilAw[ pr bwdSwh bhwdr Swh bwbw bMdw isMG dw kuJ nw ivgwV sikAw Aqy lohgVH iklw vI kbzy ivc nw kr sikAw[ ies mgroN aus ny lwhOr ivc fyry lw lYx dw &Yslw kIqw [ 10 dsMbr 1710 dy idn bhwdr Swh ny is`KW dw Awm kqlyAwm krn (nwnk pRsqW rw hr jw bXwbMd bkql rswnMd) dw hukm jwrI kIqw[

is`KW dy Awm kqlyAwm dy nW hyT pMjwb dy v`K-v`K ih`isAW ivcoN bhuq swrt is`K igR&qwr kIqy gey[ ienHW ivc ienHW iqMnW B`tW dy nwl aunHW dy ipqw, cwcw, qwieAw Aqy iek ccyry Brw dy nwl 34 hor is`K vI v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivcoN igR&qwr kIqy gey sn[ ieh swrIAW igR&qwrIAW julweI-Agsq 1711 ivc kIqIAW geIAW[ ienHW swirAW ƒ v`K-v`K QwvW qoN igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr ilAWdw igAw[ Agly iqMn mhIny ienHW ’qy zbrdsq qS`dd kIqw igAw Aqy bwdSwh dy hukm hyT qrHW-qrHW dy qsIhy id`qy gey[ aunHW ƒ ieslwm ivc ilAwaux vwsqy qrHW-qrHW dy lwlc vI id`qy gey[ A^Ir jdoN lwlc qy qsIhy, dovyN, aunHW ƒ is`KI C`fx vwsqy mjbUr nw kr sky qW kwzI dw &qvw idvw ky aunHW ƒ Awlovwl (izlHw lwhOr) ivc ijaUNidAW ƒ zmIn ivc d`b id`qw igAw [ ieh Gtnw 11 AkqUbr 1711 dI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

syvw isMG ikRpwn bhwdur

BweI syvw isMG (1890 – 8.8.1961), pu`qr BweI hrnwm isMG dw jnm ipMf b^qgVH ivc hoieAw sI[ 1908 ivc auh &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw[ auh pihlI sMswr jMg ivc &rWs ivc liVAw[ 1917 ivc auh ruVkI Aw igAw[ ie`Qy aus nUM qy iqMn hor is`K &OjIAW nUM ikrpwn pihxn dy h`k vwwsqy bhuq j`dojihd krnI peI[ ikrpwn nw lwhux kr ky aus dw kort mwrSl kIqw igAw[ aus ny ies dy i^lw& Adwlq ivc ApIl dwier kIqI[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny A^bwrW ivc prcwr vI SurU kr id`qw[ ies dw nqIjw ieh inkilAw ik &Oj ivc is`KW nUM ikrpwn r`Kx dw h`k iml igAw; pr aus nUM &Oj ivc vwips nw ilAw igAw[ isMG sBwvW qy hor AdwirAW ny aus nUM “ikrpwn bhwdr” dw i^qwb id`qw[ jd 1920 ivc gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI qW auh ies dw At`ut AMg bx igAw[ 1922 ivc aus ny ikrpwn bhwdr nW hyT iek A^bwr vI SurU kIqI[

srkwr dy ivru`D lyK ilKx kr ky 1923 ivc aus igR&qwr kIqw igAw qy iek swl dI kYd dI szw suxweI geI[ aus nUM AMimRqsr jylH ivc r`iKAw igAw[ ie`Qy aus ny ikrpwn nw r`Kx dI iejwzq dy i^lw& Bu`K hVqwl kr id`qI[ aus ny pwxI pIxw vI C`f id`qw[ jd aus dI hwlq ivgV geI qW aus nUM zmwnq ’qy irhw kr id`qw igAw[ ies mgroN aus nUM iek hor kys ivc iek swl dI kYd dI szw suxweI geI qy mulqwn jylH ivc Byj id`qw igAw[ ie`Qy vI aus ny ikrpwn r`Kx dI iejwzq nw dyx dy i^lw& Bu`K hVqwl kr id`qI[ ies mgroN aus nUM iek hor kys ivc jylH ByijAw igAw[ ies vwr &Irozpur jylH ivc aus ny ikrpwn nw r`Kx dI iejwzq dy i^lw& Bu`K hVqwl kr id`qI[ lMmIAW Bu`K hVqwlW ny aus dI ishq ^rwb kr id`qI[ aus dI A^bwr qy pRYs vI bMd ho geIAW[ A^Ir aus ny ipMf b^qgVH ivc skUl KolH ilAw[ 1940 ivc aus nUM sMgrUr AkwlI dw jQydwr cux ilAw igAw[ 1956 ivc jd igAwn isMG rwVyvwlw AkwlI dl C`f ky kWgrs ivc Swiml ho igAw qW aus ny vI aus dw swQ dyx dw AYlwn kIqw; ies’qy aus nUM AkwlI dl ivcoN k`F id`qw igAw; pr kWgrs pwrtI ny aus nUM koeI Ahudw nw id`qw[ aus dI mOq qkrIbn guMmnwmI dI hwlq ivc ipMf ivc hI hoeI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

syvw isMG rwTOr

BweI syvw isMG ny 14 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn inrmohgVH dI lVweI ivc ShIdI pweI sI[ syvw isMG BweI AjIq isMG dw bytw, BweI rwmy dw poqw, ShId BweI suKIAw dw pVpoqw qy BweI mWfn rwTOr dw pV-pVpoqw sI[ aus dy v`fy-vfyry gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly qoN hI is`K pMQ dw ih`sw sn[BweI mWfn ny ruhIlw dI lVweI (27 sqMbr 1621) ivc ^Ub bhwdrI nwl lVweI kIqI sI [BweI suKIAw (jo BweI mnI isMG dy s`ky Pu`PV sn) ny 16 dsMbr 1634 dy idn mihrwj dI lVweI ivc bhwdrI dy jOhr idKw ky ShIdI hwisl kIqI sI[ bIqy idn 13 AkqUbr 1700 nUM iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd vloN auksw ky ilAWdI muZl hmlwvr &Oj dy muKI nwisr Kwn Aqy rusqm Kwn dy mwry jwx mgroN 14 AkqUbr dy idn Ajmyr cMd ny Pyr hmlw kr id`qw[ ies lVweI ivc BweI suKIAw dy poqirAW qy BweI rwmw dy pu`qrW, BweI bjr isMG, BweI jIqw isMG qy BweI nyqw isMG ny mUhry ho ky ih`sw ilAw[ aunHW dIAW ikrpwnW ny bhuq swry muZl ispwhIAW ƒ mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw[ BweI jIqw isMG dy nwl aunHW dy do hor byty BweI mohr isMG qy BweI syvw isMG vI moFy nwl moFw fwh ky lVy[ ies lVweI ivc BweI AjIq isMG, aus dw Brw BweI nyqw isMG qy BweI AjIq isMG dy dovyN byty BweI mohr isMG qy BweI syvw isMG vI ShId ho gey sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)