Maharaj Singh, Bhai
mhwrwj isMG
BweI mhwrwj isMG ipMf r`boN (izlHw luiDAwxw) dw vwsI sI[ aus dw bcpn dw nW inhwl isMG sI[ aus dy muFly jIvn bwry koeI jwxkwrI nhIN imldI[ sMn 1845 ivc auh bIr isMG nOrMgwbwdI dy fyry ’qy syvw kirAw krdw sI[ ikauNik auh hr iek nUM ‘mhwrwj jI’ ‘mhwrwj jI’ kih ky bulwauNdw huMdw sI, ies kr ky aus nW mhwrwj isMG mShUr ho igAw sI[
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr KVk isMG qy poqw nOinhwl isMG g`dI ’qy bYTy Aqy fyF swl dy AMdr-AMdr hI mwr id`qy gey sn[ iPr 18 jnvrI 1841 dy idn mhwrwjw Syr isMG g`dI ’qy bYiTAw[ sMDwvwlIAW Aqy iDAwn isMh fogrw ny swizS kr ky 15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw kql kr id`qw sI; pr iesy idn sMDWvwlIAW ny iDAwn isMh nUM vI mwr id`qw sI[ iDAwn isMh dy mwry jwx ip`CoN aus dy puqr hIrw isMh fogrw ny &Oj nUM BVkw ky iklHy ’qy hmlw kr ky sMDwvwlIAW nUM vI ^qm kr id`qw sI[ iqMn idn mgroN 18 sqMbr dy idn pMj swl dy bwl dlIp isMG nUM q^q ’qy ibTwieAw igAw sI qy hIrw isMh fogrw aus dw pRDwn mMqrI bx igAw sI[ kuJ mhIinAW mgroN sMDwvwlIAw pirvwr dw iek vwirs Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw nOrMgwbwd ivc bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy pu`j igAw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw iek pu`qr kMvr kSmIrw isMG vI au~Qy mOjUd sI[ jd hIrw isMh fogrw nUM aunHW dy au~Qy hox dw pqw lgw qW auh &Oj lY ky au~Qy phuMc igAw[ au~Qy iek JVp ivc Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny Zu`sy ivc Aw ky lwhOr drbwr dI &Oj dy iek jrnYl gulwb isMG (fogrw nhIN) nUM kql kr id`qw sI; ies dy jvwb ivc aus dy swQIAW ny Aqr isMG nUM kql kr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN hIrw isMh fogrw dI &Oj ny fyry ’qy goly vrHwauxy SurU kr id`qy sn ijs nwl sYNkVy is`KW qoN ielwvw bwbw bIr isMG vI mwirAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN mhwrwj isMG aus fyry dw muKI bx igAw sI[
jd bwbw bIr isMG, kMvr kSmIrw isMG qy jvwhr isMG nlvw qy sYNkVy is`KW dy kql dI ^br is`K &OjIAW qk phMucI qW aunHW ivc hIrw isMh dy i^lw& bhuq gu`sw &YilAw[ jd is`KW dy ies Zu`sy dI sUh hIrw isMh ƒ imlI qW aus ny bhuq swry is`K jrnYl htw idqy sn Aqy v`fI igxqI ivc is`K &OjIAW dI Cu`tI kr idqI sI[ pMfq jlHy dI slwh ’qy aus ny bhuq swry fogry, ihmWclI phwVIey Aqy muslmwn &Oj ivc BrqI kr ley sn[ aus ƒ fr sI ik Blk ƒ mslw au~Tx ’qy is`K &OjI aus ƒ mwr vI skdy hn[ hzwrW ZYr-is`KW nUM &Oj ivc BrqI krn dy bwvjUd vI hIrw isMh is`KW qoN burI qrHW frdw rihMdw sI[
ienHW idnW ivc aus ny Aqy aus dy swQI pMfq j`lHw ny mhwrwxI ijMdw Aqy mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM vI zlIl krnw SrU kr id`qw sI[jd is`K &OjW nUM ies bdslUkI dw pqw lgw qW hux hIrw isMh ƒ jwpx lg ipAw sI ik koeI nw koeI is`K &OjI aus ƒ zrUr kql kr dyvygw[ ies kr ky aus ny jMmU nUM B`j jwx dw &Yslw kIqw sI[ aus ny Awpxw Aqy lwhOr drbwr dy hIry-jvwhrwq qy hor swrw Kzwnw iek`Tw kIqw Aqy s`q hwQIAW ’qy l`d ilAw sI[ 21 dsMbr 1844 ƒ auh swrI cwr hzwr fogrw &Oj nwl lwhOr qoN jMmU vl cl ipAw sI[ CyqI hI ies dI ^br is`K jrnYlW ƒ iml geI sI[ Swm isMG AtwrIvwlw dI AgvweI hyT bhuq swrI is`K &Oj GoiVAW ’qy svwr ho ky ienHW dy ip`Cy cl peI sI[ rsqy ivc is`KW Aqy fogirAW ivckwr ^Ub lVweI hoeI sI[ bhuq swry fogry mwry gey sn[ lwhOr qoN 35-40 iklomItr dUr qk lVweI huMdI geI sI[ ie`Qy iek ipMf lubwixAW dw sI[ is`K &Oj nyVy pu`jI vyK ky, hIrw isMh, pMfq j`lHw, sohx isMh (puqr gulwb isMh fogrw) qy lwB isMh fogrw ie`Qy luk gey sn[ pr kuJ icr mgroN, jd aunHW ƒ bhuq ipAws lgI qW auh iek KUh vl gey sn[ is`K &OjIAW dI ingwh aunHW vl peI qW aunHW ny ienHW qy bMdUkW nwl golIAW clwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ ienHW nwl hwQI qy bYTw sohx isMh fogrw mwirAw igAw sI[ lwB isMh fogry ƒ vI golI lgI sI[ auh GoVw Bjw ky jMmU vl clw igAw sI[ is`K &OjW ny aus dw ip`Cw kIqw sI qy 7-8 iklomItr dUr jw ky aus ƒ Gyr ky mwr idqw sI[ ies dy nwl hI is`K POjIAW ny hIrw isMh ’qy vI hmlw kIqw sI[ aus ny qW A`goN twkrw vI kIqw sI pr iek is`K dy nyzy nwl auh vI mwirAw igAw sI[ pMfq jlHw qW qlvwr dy iek vwr nwl hI mwirAw igAw sI[ ienHW swirAW dy mrn mgroN &OjW drbwr dw swrw ^zwnw qy hor swrw mwl-m`qw lY ky lwhOr muV AweIAW sn[
ies vyly lwhOr drbwr dI swrI kwrvweI AMgryz rYzIfYNt dI mnzUrI nwl cldI sI[ &rvrI 1847 ivc lwhOr drbwr dy iek v&wdwr BweI prymw isMG ny plwn bxweI ik Zdwr qyjw isMh imSrw qy AMgryz rYzIfYNt ƒ kql kr ky, mhwrwjw dlIp isMG ƒ Agvw kr ky, AMgryzW ƒ k`Fx vwsqy muihMm clweI jwey[ pr AMjwm hox qoN pihlW hI ies plwn dI sUh AMgryzW ƒ iml geI[prymw isMG qy aus dy swQIAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ ies swizS ƒ ADwr bxw ky rwxI ’qy vI muk`dmw clwaux dI socI geI[ AMgryzW dw ielzwm sI ik prymw isMG ƒ BweI mhwrwj isMG (nOrMgwbwdI) Aqy rwxI dI ihmwieq hwisl sI[
meI 1848 ivc mulqwn dI sUbydwrI dw mslw Aw igAw sI[ AMgryzI &Oj ny mulqwn Gyr ilAw sI[ ies vyly qk BweI mhwrwj isMG vI mulqwn puj cukw sI[ aus ny auu~Qy phuMc ky is`K &OjW ƒ jQybMd krnw SurU kr idqw sI[ pr ies mOky ’qy Aw^rI lVweI ivc 1 julweI 1848 dy idn AMgryz hI jyqU rhy sn[ ies smyN mhwrwj isMG bc ky au~QoN inkl igAw sI[
auDr sMn 1847 ivc AMgryzW ny hzwry dy sUbydwr cqr isMG AtwrI nUM vI qMg krnw SurU kr id`qw hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN AMgryzW ny aus dy pu`qr Syr isMG AtwrI nUM vI qMg krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ ies dy nqIjy vjoN AMgryzW Aqy is`K &OjW ivc rwmngr (22 nvMbr 1848), cyilAWvwlw (13 jnvrI 1849) Aqy gujrwq (21 &rvrI 1849) dIAW lVweIAW hoeIAW sn[ ies hwlq ivc mhwrwj isMG ny AtwrIvwilAW dw bhuq swQ id`qw sI[ pr, iqMnW lVweIAW ivc AMgryzW Aqy is`KW dohW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw[ gujrwq ivc is`KW nUM bhuq zbrdsq hwr hoeI sI[
gujrwq ivc is`KW dI hwr mgroN AtwrIvwilAW ny hiQAwr su`t id`qy sn, pr, mhwrwj isMG ies g`l dy h`k ivc nhIN sI[ auh Ajy Gto-Gt iek hor lVweI zrUr lVnw cwhuMdw sI[ krnl rCpwl isMG qoN isvw hor koeI vI mhwrwj isMG dw swQ dyx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI hoieAw sI[
rwvlipMfI ivc AtwrIvwilAW Aqy hornW v`loN hiQAwr su`tx vyly mhwrwj isMG ienHW dy nwl Swiml nhIN hoieAw sI[ auh au~QoN inkl ky kSmIr vl nUM clw igAw sI[ auh kuJ icr ipMf dyvI btwlw ivc TihirAw sI[ ie`Qy aus ny kuJ swQIAW nwl rwbqw bxwieAw sI[ CyqI aus dy kuJ swQI aus nwl Swiml ho gey sn[ hux aus ny cMbI ivc fyry lw ley[ ie`QoN auh v`K-v`K QWvW ’qy jWdw irhw sI Aqy bhuq swry is`KW nUM imldw irhw sI[ ie`Qy aus nUM pqw l`gw ik dlIp isMG nUM g`dI qoN lwh ky pMjwb nUM AMgryzI rwj ivc imlwieAw jw cukw hY[mhwrwj isMG ny dlIp isMG nUM Agvw krn dI koiSS vI kIqI sI; pr, ijnHW nUM ieh ifaUtI sONpI geI sI auh ibnW kuJ hwisl kIiqAW hI igR&qwr ho gey sn[ ies nwl AMgryzW ny dlIp isMG dI sikaUirtI vDw id`qI qy auh iek qrHW nwl kYdI hI bxw ilAw igAw[ hux AMgryzW ny dlIp isMG nUM pMjwb ivcoN k`F ky dUr Byjx dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[
jUn qoN AkqUbr 1849 qk mhwrwj isMG sUjovwl (btwlw nyVy) irhw sI[ ikauNik aus kol qy aus dy swQIAW kol pYsy dI kmI sI, ies kr ky aus ny Awpxy swQIAW nUM hiQAwrW Aqy pYisAW dw ieMqzwm krn vwsqy v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc ByijAw sI[ bhuq swry is`KW ny aunHW nUM mdd dw XkIn idvwieAw[ BweI mhwrwj isMG ny kwbl dy AmIr nwl vI rwbqw kIqw[ aus ny iek vwr Pyr mdd krn dw ‘vwAdw’ kIqw sI (drAsl lwrw lwieAw sI)[
mhwrwj isMG ny lokW nUM jgwaux vwsqy gRMQIAW qy pRcwrkW dI ifaUtI lweI sI[ ies mgroN auh Awp sUjovwl qoN gulyrW, ikSnpur, kurwlw, jlMDr, huiSAwrpur qy keI hor jgh vI igAw sI[ swrw hwl jwxn mgroN aus ny hiQAwr hwisl krn vwsqy jlMDr qy huiSAwrpur dIAW CwvxIAW ’qy hmlw krn dI plwn bxweI sI[ ies inSwny nUM hwisl krn vwsqy aus ny ienHW CwvxIAW ivc keI is`K &OjIAW nwl g`lbwq vI kIqI sI[
mhwrwj isMG dIAW kwrvweIAW bwry AMgryz hwkmW nUM vI QoVHI-bhuq ^br iml cukI sI[ pr, auh swrw zor lw skx dy bwvjUd aus q`k nhIN sn phuMc sky sn[ bhuq swrI ibRitS sUhIAw pulIs aus dy ip`Cy l`gI hoeI sI[ iek vwr mulqwn dy nyVy PVy jwx qoN auh msW hI bicAw sI[ iek vwr AMgryzW nUM ieh vI ^br imlI ik auh fu`b igAw hY[ ies ^br ’qy aunHW ny bVI ^uSI mnweI sI[ pr ieh ^uSI QoVHw icr hI kwiem rhI jd ieh pqw l`gw ik ieh isr& A&vwh hI sI[ hux AMgryzW ny ies is`K jrnYl mhwrwj isMG dI igR&qwrI vwsqy ds hzwr rupY dw eInwm AYlwx kr id`qw[ dunIAW Br dI qvwrI^ ivc (2001 ivc ibn lwdn dy eInwm qoN pihlW) eyfw v`fw eInwm iksy dw nhIN sI r`iKAw igAw sI[ 1849 dy ds hzwr rupY A`j dy kroVW ruipAW dy brwbr sn[
mhwrwj isMG qoN swry AMgryz, sxy lwrf flhOzI dy, eynw frdy sn ik iek vwr lwrf flhOzI ny iliKAw sI ik “..jy auh myry h`Q Aw igAw qW mYN aus nUM &WsI lw idAWgw[” BweI mhwrwj isMG bwry brwauUtn dy l&z sn: “ies mOky ’qy iek is`K mhwrwj isMG auiTAw[ aus ny Kwlsy dI qlvwr imAwn coN k`FI Aqy ibRitS (ijhVy is`KW nUM ^qm krn vwsqy muslmwnW nwl imly hoey sn) dy i^lw& bZwvq dw JMfw KVw kIqw[ mhwrwj isMG ny Awm is`KW, sUbweI AihlkwrW Aqy sUby dIAW isrkrdw hsqIAW nwl rwbqw bxwieAw[ aus ny aunHW qoN &Mf ley qy ipMfW ivc lokW ivc AsMqoS dI lihr clweI[ lok aus dI &Oj nUM rotI dyNdy sn; pyNfU j`t aus dy nwl rl gey sn; Coty A&sr, kwrdwr, pulIs qy &Oj ny aus nUM Kwlsy dw muhwi&z AwK ky siqkwr dyNdy sn[”
jlMDr dy, audoN dy ifptI kimSnr, vMisqwrq muqæwibkæ, “BweI iek Awm AwdmI nhIN hY[ auh mukwmI lokW vwsqy auvyN hI hY ijvyN k`tV eIsweIAW vwsqy jIss krweIst hY[”
iehI kwrn sn ik AMgryz hwkm mhwrwj isMG qoN bVw frdy sn qy aus dI Bwl ivc swrI mSInrI l`gI hoeI sI[ AMgryzW ny muslmwnW Aqy ihMdUAW ivc ieh prcwr kIqw hoieAw sI ik mhwrwj isMG inrol Kwlsw rwj kwiem krnw cwhuMdw hY[ AMgryzW dy ies pRcwr kwrn ds hzwr rupY dy eInwm dy lwlc ny keI muslmwnW qy ihMdUAW ivc AmIr bxn dI ^wihS pYdw kr id`qI sI qy auh AMgryzW dy mu^br bxn vwsqy iqAwr ho gey sn[
28 dsMbr 1849 dy idn, jlMDr qy huiSAwrpr CwauxIAW ’qy hmly qoN isr& 6 idn pihlW, mhwrwj isMG Awdmpur nyVy iek gMny dy Kyq ivc Awpxy 21 swQIAW sxy luikAw hoieAw sI ik aunHW nUM iek muslmwn ny vyK ilAw sI[ aus ny jlMDr jw ky ifptI kimSnr nUM ies dI ieqlwh dy id`qI sI[ ifptI kimSnr iek dm BwrI &ors lY ky Awdmpur Aw pu`jw sI[ &Oj ny aus Kyq nUM cwry pwisAW qoN Gyr ilAw[ eynI v`fI &Oj vyK ky mhwrwj isMG ny mihsUs kIqw ik auh B`j vI nhIN skygw[mhwrwj isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ky ausy vkq sMglW qy byVIAW ivc jkV id`qw igAw sI[ mhwrwj isMG nUM jlMDr jylH ivc phuMcwieAw igAw sI[ jd auh au~Qy pu`jy qW au~Qy qweInwq pihrydwrW ny mhwrwj isMG nUM vyK ky isr Jukw ky siqkwr zwihr kIqw sI[ ies qoN ifptI kimSnr hor fr igAw sI Aqy aus nUM jlMDr r`Kx dI bjwie klk`qw Byj id`qw sI[ AMgryz Ajy vI aus qoN bhuq frdy sI ies kr ky aunHW ny aus nUM jlwvqn kr ky isMgwpur Byj id`qw sI[ isMgwpur ivc aus nUM AwaUtrwm jylH ivc riKAw igAw sI[ ie`Qy aus nUM iek in`kI ijhI koTVI ivc r`iKAw igAw ij`Qy islH qy hnyrw sI[ ies in`kI ijhI koTVI ivc vI aus nUM byVIAW pweIAW hoeIAW sn[ nqIjy dy qOr ’qy mhwrwj isMG nUM p`iTAW dIAW drdW SurU ho geIAW[ hnyrI koTVI dI kYd kwrn aus dIAW A`KW dI rOSnI vI jWdI rhI sI[ QoVHy icr ivc hI auh h`fIAW dI mu`T bx ky rih igAw (ieh sI AMgryzW dw iek isAwsI kYdI nwl slUk[ AMgryzW nUM jMgI AihdnwimAW (vwr knvYnSnz), ienswnIAq, iensw& sB Bu`l cuky sn qy aunHW ’qy isr& iek zwlm vihSI soc hwvI sI)[ A^Ir ies ‘nrk’ ivc 5 swl qoN vD smW kYd k`tidAW auh 5 julweI 1856 dy idn cVHweI kr igAw sI[
mhwrwj isMG dy nwl aus dy swry krIbI swQI vI PVy gey sn qy ip`Cy koeI jQybMd krn vwlw nhIN sI rih igAw sI[ ies kr ky AMgryzW dy i^lw& hox vwlI Aw^rI j`dojihd ADUrI rih geI sI[
isMGwpur ivc islht rof ’qy is`KW ny BweI mhwrwj isMG dI iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw hY. 