ieh klwnOr dw rihx vwlw sI[ ies nUM lwhOr dy sUbydwr XwhIXw ^wn ny Apxw dIvwn bxwieAw hoieAw sI[lKpq rwey qy aus dy Brw jspq rwey (&Ojdwr eymnwbwd) ny is`KW ƒ ^qm krn vwsqy bVI s^q muihMm SurU kIqI hoeI sI[ ies muihMm dOrwn &rvrI 1746 dy Aw^rI idnW ivc eymnwbwd dy nyVy ipMf ‘b`do-kI-gosweIAW’ ivc isKW nwl lVweI ivc jspq rwey mwirAw igAw sI[jdoN jspq dy mwry jwx dI ^br aus dy Brw dIvwn lKpq rwey ƒ imlI qW auh Zu`sy ivc pwZl ho igAw[ Awpxy Brw dI mOq dw bdlw lYx vwsqy is`KW au~qy byieMqhw zulm kIqy[aus ny qW ie`QoN qk AYlwn vI kIqw ik “is`K Drm ƒ iek KqrI gurU goibMd isMG ny SurU kIqw sI Aqy jd qk mYN is`KW dw nW qwrI^ ivcoN imtw nhIN lYNdw qW mYN Awpxy Awp nUM KqrI nhIN khWgw[”
lKpq rwey ny iek dm Awpxy ielwky dy hr iek Awm is`K (sxy ikrswx, srkwrI nOkr qy dukwndwr) ƒ igR&qwr krn dy hukm jwrI kr id`qy[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny sUbydwr XwhIAw ^wn dy pYrW ivc AwpxI p`g r`K ky AYlwn kIqw ik hux mYN ieh p`g audoN hI isr ’qy r`KWgw jd mYN is`KW dw vjUd imtw dyvWgw[ XwhIAw ^wn nUM hor kI cwhIdw sI? aus ny lKpq nUM QwpI idqI[ id`lI drbwr ny aus ƒ Ku`lHI Cu`tI dy id`qI qy hr shUlq dyx dw vwAdw kIqw[
mwrc 1746 dy pihly h&qy lKpq ny swry is`K dukwndwr, mulwzm qy ikswnW dIAW igR&qwrIAW dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw[ iek h&qy ivc hI lKpq v`loN iek hzwr qoN v`D is`K igR&qwr kIqy jw cu`ky sn[ ienHW ivc BweI subyg isMG Aqy aus dw bytw BweI Swhbwz isMG vI Swiml sn[ lKpq rwey ny ienHW swirAW ƒ kql krn vwsqy 10 mwrc 1746 dw idn im`Q idqw[ ies idn ihMdUAW dw iqauhwr ‘somwvqI m`isAw’ (auh m`isAw ijs idn somvwr vI huMdw hY; kuJ ihMdU ies nUM vI piv`qr smJdy hn) pYNdw sI[ ies kr ky bhuq swry muKI ihMdUAW ny lKpq nUM iml ky ienHW swirAW ƒ ShId krn qoN rokx dI koiSS kIqI[ ienHW ihMdU muKIAW ivc hyT ilKy isrkrdw bMdy vI Swiml sn: (dIvwn) kOVw m`l, dIvwn sUrq isMh, dIvwn dys rwj, cODrI jvwhr m`l, kujwh m`l, bhwl m`l, hrI rwm, su`KU m`l qy keI hor[ ienHW dI AgvweI lKpq dw Awpxw ausqwd gosweIN jgq-Bgq kr irhw sI[ pr lKpq qW is`KW vwsqy n&rq dI A`g ivc eynw m`c irhw sI ik aus ny iksy dI vI pRvwh nw kIqI[ hor qW hor aus ny is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw idn mulqvI krn qoN vI nWh kr id`qI[ lKpq ny aunHW nUM ikhw “qusIN qW kI, jy mYnUM r`b vI AwKy qW mYN aus dI prvwh vI nhIN krWgw[” ies ’qy gosweIN jgq-Bgq ny lKpq nUM ikhw ik qUM AwpxI n&rq dI zihr ivc fub ky hI mr jwvyNgw qy qyry ^wndwn dw nW-inSwn vI bwkI nhIN rhygw[ ieh sux ky vI lKpq nw hitAw[
10 mwrc 1746 (12 cyq sMmq 1802) dy idn lwhOr dy nKws cOk ivc iek hzwr qoN v`D is`K ShId kIqy gey[ ienHW ivc BweI subyg isMG qy aunHW dw bytw BweI Swhbwz isMG vI Swiml sn ijnHW ƒ crKVI ’qy cwVH ky, aunHW dw ijsm noc-noc ky, ShId kIqw igAw[ ies mOky ’qy iek ihMdU-phwVI irAwsq dy rwjy ny vI Awpxy kol kMm krdy 15 is`K lKpq dy hvwly kr id`qy[ ienHW nUM vI nKws cOk ivc ShId kr id`qw igAw[
lKpq rwey ny drbwr swihb Aqy kuJ hor gurduAwirAW ’qy hmly vI kIqy qy Fwh id`qy[ aus ny gurU gRMQ swihb dw iek srUp vI swiVAw[
lKpq rwey dI is`KW vwsqy n&rq eynI zihr-BrI sI ik aus ny l&z ‘guV’ Aqy ‘gRMQ’ dI vrqoN ’qy pwbMdI lw id`qI, ikauNik ‘guV’ qoN ‘gur’ (gurU) Aqy ‘gRMQ’ qoN ‘guurU gRMQ swihb’ cyqy Aw jWdw sI[ aus ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik guV dI QW ‘BylI’ Aqy ‘gRMQ’ dI QW ‘poQI’ l&z dI vrqoN kIqI jwvy[ lKpq ny AYlwn kIqw ik gurU dw nW lYx vwly dw ausy vyly iF`f cIr id`qw jwvy[(AlI-aud-dIn mu&qI, ijld pihlI, s&w 199, muhMmd lqI&, s&w 213)[
ies swrw kuJ dy bwvjUd lKpq dI is`KW dy ^Un dI qryh (ipAws) nw G`t skI[ aus dy zulmW ƒ vyK ky hr iek pMjwb-vwsI kMb igAw[ aus dI A`g ƒ keIAW ny TMfw krn dI koiSS kIqI pr auh qW n&rq ivc burI qrHW pwZl ho cu`kw sI[
lKpq dy zulmW kwrn is`K Awpxw Gr-Gwt C`f ky iek vwr Pyr jMglW, CMBW, phwVW Aqy ryigsqwn vl inkl gey[ ApRYl dy Aw^rI idnW ivc koeI ds-kU hzwr is`K rwvI dirAw dI CMB ivc, kwhƒvwn dy nyVy, lu`ky hoey sn[ ienHW ivc nvwb kpUr isMG, j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo, guridAwl isMG flyvwlIAw qy cVHq isMG sukrc`kIAw vZYrw vI sn[ aunHIN idnIN ieh jMgl bVw frwauxw sI, ikauNik sMGxy dr^qW qy JwVIAW v`l jwx qoN Awm lok frdy sn[ jdoN ies dI ^br lKpq rwey ƒ imlI qW aus ny Aqy lwhOr dy sUbydwr XwhIAw ^wn ny hzwrW dI igxqI ivc &Oj ƒ kwhƒvwn ƒ Gyrw pwaux vwsqy lY AWdw[ jdoN is`K &OjW ƒ ies Gyry dw pqw l`gw qW aunHW ny gurIlw lVweI SurU kr id`qI[ ieh lVweI keI idn cldI rhI[ ies lVweI ivc lKpq rwey dw pu`qr hrBj rwey, XhIAw ^wn dw pu`qr nwhr ^wn Aqy do Aihm jrnYl krm b^S qy mihmUd ^wn vI mwry gey[ Awpxy Brw dy kql mgroN hux Awpxy pu`qr dy mwry jwx ’qy lKpq hor pwgl ho igAw[ ieM\ hI pu`qr dI mOq ny XhIAw ^wn ƒ vI zwlmwnw roh ivc lY AWdw[ hux lKpq ny byldwrW nUM kih ky iek hzwr qrKwx bulw ky jMgl ktvwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ pr eyfw v`fw jMgl k`tx vwsqy keI mhIny lg jwxy sn ies kr ky ktvweI iv`cy rukvw ky, aus ny aus jMgl ƒ cwry pwisEN Gyrw pw ilAw qW jo iek vI is`K bc ky nw inkl sky; qy ies mgroN, swry jMgl ƒ A`g luAw id`qI[ hux is`K &OjW ny Gyrw qoV ky inkl jwx dI koiSS kIqI[ ies dy nwl hI lKpq ny qopW Aqy bMdUkW dy mUMh B`jdy hoey is`KW vl KolH id`qy[ ies nwl bhuq swry is`K mwry gey[ hr pwsy muZl &Oj hox kr ky is`KW dw bc ky inkl jwxw qkrIbn nw-mumikn ho igAw[ies G`lUGwry ivc sq qoN ds hzwr dy krIb is`K ShId ho gey Aqy iqMn hzwr dy krIb igR&qwr kr ley gey[ igR&qwrW ƒ lwhOr iljw ky, SwhI iklHy dy ip`Cy, n^ws cOk ivc ShId kr id`qw igAw[
13 mwrc 1747 (iek somy muqæwibkæ 21 mwrc) dy idn Swh invwz ^wn dI &Oj lwhOr Sihr ivc dwi^l ho geI qy eId dI nmwz ^qm hox mgroN ies &Oj ny XwhIAw ^wn Aqy aus dy swQIAW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies hmly ivc XwhIAw ^wn dy bhuq swry swQI mwry gey[ XwhIAw ^wn Awp bVI muSkl nwl bicAw Aqy dOV ky znwn^wny ivc jw luikAw[ Swh invwz ^wn ny aus nUM ausy iemwrq ivc nzrbMd kr idqw Aqy Awp lwhOr dw hwkm bx bYTw[ aus ny XwhIAw ^wn dy swry v&wdwrW nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ienHW ivc nwieb mIr moimn ^wn ksUrIAw, dIvwn l`CmI rwm/nwrwiex qy dIvwn lKpq rwey vI sn[
ies muihMm ivc kOVw m`l ny Swh invwz dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI, ies kr ky ij`qx mgroN aus ny kOVw m`l nUM Awpxw dIvwn lwieAw sI[ Swh invwz dI hkUmq bhuq QoVHw smW rhI sI[ jnvrI 1748 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny lwhOr ’qy hmlw kIaw[ ies smyN lVweI hwrn mgroN Swh invwz id`lI B`j igAw[
11 AprYl 1748 dy idn mIr mnUU lwhOr dw sUbydwr bixAw[ aus ny hkUmq sMBwlidAW hI j`ly ^wn Aqy lKpq rwey ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ lKpq rwey nUM qIh l`K rupey jurmwnw kIqw[ lKpq rwey dI 18 l`K nkdI qoN ielwvw aus dI jwiedwd nUM vyc ky kul 20 l`K rupey bxy[ mIr mnUU vloN lKpq rwey ’qy Awied kIqy jurmwny dw bkwieAw 10 l`K ruupey bxdy sn[ ieh 10 l`K rupey dIvwn kOVw ml ny Adw kr ky mIr mnUU qoN lKpq rwey ƒ Awpxy kbzy ivc lY ilAw; mgroN aus ny lKpq ƒ is`KW dy hvwly kr id`qw[ is`KW ny aus nUM aus dy jurmW dI FukvIN szw id`qI.