Kahan Singh Nabha
kwnH isMG nwBw
pMQ rqn BweI kwnH isMG nwBw (30.8.1861- 23.11.1938) dw jnm BweI nrYx isMG iF`loN dy Gr ipMf sbz bnyrw (izlHw pitAwlw) ivc hoieAw sI[ Awp ny bcpx qy jvwnI ivc bhuq swrIAW ikqwbW pVHIAW, ^ws kr ky gurbwxI, is`K qvwrI^ Aqy i&lws&I dw bhuq igAwn hwisl kIqw[ 1883 ivc Awp lwhOr cly gey ij`Qy Awp dw myl pRo: gurmuK isMG nwl hoieAw[ ies dy nwl hI Awp isMG sBw lihr dw ih`sw bx gey[ 1884 ivc Awp nUM nwBw dy rwjy hIrw isMG ny drbwr ivc iek sInIAr nOkrI qy r`K ilAw[ 1888 ivc Awp nUM kMvr irpdumn isMG dw itaUtr bxw id`qw igAw[ 1893 ivc Awp nwBw dy rwjy dy pI.ey. bxwey gey[ 1895 ivc Awp nUM mijstryt lw id`qw igAw; 1896 ivc Awp izlHw PUl dy ifptI kimSnr bxwey gey[
1875 ivc iek ihMdU swDU dXwnMd ny bMbeI (hux muMbeI) ivc AwrIAw smwj dI nINh rKI[ auh AprYl 1877 ivc pMjwb vI AwieAw[ jUn ivc lwhOr ivc vI dXwnMd dI brWc bx geI[ kuJ icr bwAd swDU dXw nMd dI ikqwb “siqAwrQ pRkwS” vI Cp ky Aw geI[ ies ikqwb ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy dUjy DrmW dy moFIAW, AwgUAW qy pRcwrkW dy i^lw& GtIAw lPz ilKy hoey sn[ jdoN is`KW hI nhIN blik kuJ isAwxy ihMdUAW ny aus dw iDAwn ies pwsy vl idvwieAw qW aus ny vwAdw kIqw ik AglI AYfISn ies ƒ soD ky CwpI jwvygI[ pr dXw nMd 1883 ivc mr igAw[ aus dy mgroN qW k`tV i&rkU AwrIAw smwjI AMsr ny ies ivc soD krn qoN nWh kr idqI[ (jUn 2006 ivc iPr ies dy iek muKI ny ieh soD krn bwry vwAdw kIqw pr „prnwlw au~Qy dw au~Qy‟ hI irhw)[
mgroN 1897 ivc AwrIAw smwj dy iek gru`p ny Pyr is`KW nUM Awpxy v`l iK`cx vwsqy iliKAw ik “dXw nMd nUM gurmuKI dI jwxkwrI nhIN sI qy aus dy is`K gurUAW bwry l&z dUjy drjy dI jwxkwrI ‟qy ADwrq sn[” (AwrIAw Zzt, 15 julweI 1897)[ ies s&weI mgroN iPr kuJ is`K ienHW nwl juV gey[ ienHW ivcoN muK sn: jgq isMG qy bwvw nwrwiex isMG[ nwrwiex isMG ZrIb hox kr ky pYsy dw muhqwj sI; AwrIAw smwjIAW ny ieh qwV ilAw Aqy aus dI bhuq mwlI mdd kIqI; ies mgroN aus ny qW ie`QoN qk ilK mwirAw ik “is`K Drm AwrIAw smwj dw muFlw pVwA sI[” ies mgroN 1899 ivc lwlw Twkr dws Aqy nwrwiex isMG ny “is`K ihMdU hYn” ikqwbcI ilK ky nvW crcw CyV id`qw[
BweI kwnH isMG nwBw ny “hm ihMdU nhIN” ilK ky ies (mqbw kwnUMnI ihMd pRY~s ivc CpI ies 30 s&y dI ikqwbcI) dw mUMh qoV jvwb id`qw; BweI kwnH isMG dI ikqwb ny ihMdUAW dI is`KW nUM jzb krn dI swizS nUM PylH kr id`qw[ ies ikqwb qoN i&rkU ihMdU eyny AOKy hoey ik aunHW ny BweI kwhn isMG nwBw dy i^lw& „jhwd‟ SurU kr id`qw[ audoN nwBy dw rwjw hIrw isMG (ipqw irpdumn isMG) ihMdUAW dw ipCl`g bixAw hoieAw sI qy auh AwpxI DI irpdumn kOr dw ivAwh DOlpur dy ihMdU rwjy nwl krnw cwhuMdw sI[ jd BweI kwnH isMG ny vyiKAw ik hux rwjw ihMdUAW nUM ^uS krn vwsqy AOKw hoieAw iPrdw hY qW aus ny ifptI kimSnr dy Ahudy qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw[
ies mgroN BweI kwnH isMG nwBw ny is`K &ls&y bwry ikqwbW ilKxIAW SurU kIqIAW Aqy „gurmiq pRBwkr‟ qy „gurmiq suDwkr‟ ilKIAW[ kuJ icr pihlW Awp dw myl AwierlYNf dy iek sInIAr A&sr mYks AwrQr mYkwil& nwl hoieAw sI; mYkwil& ny BweI jI dI mdd nwl is`K Drm bwry bhuq kuJ iliKAw[ ieh swrw kuJ
1905 ivc „isK irlIjn‟ nW dI ikqwb dy rUp ivc Cy ijldW ivc CipAw[ ikauN ik BweI kwnH isMG ny ieh ikqwb ilKx ivc mYkwil& dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI ies kr ky auh ies ikqwb dw „kwpI rweIt‟ BweI jI nUM dy igAw sI[
1908 ivc iempIrIAl kONsl dy mYNbr, nwBw dy kMvr irpdumn isMG (mgroN mhwrwjw) ny jo „AnMd mYirj ib`l‟ pyS kIqw auh vI aus dy ausqwd BweI kwnH isMG nwBw dI dyx sI[
1911 ivc rwjw hIrw isMG dI mOq ho geI; 24 jnvrI nUM irpdumn isMG nwBw dw rwjw bixAw Aqy aus ny BweI kwnH isMG nUM nwBw hweI kort dw j`j lw id“qw[ pr BweI kwnH isMG nUM Akwl purK ny iksy v`fI syvw vwsqy jnm id`qw sI; so 20 meI 1912 nUM mhwrwjw ny j`j dw Ahudw C`f ky „mhwn koS‟ dI rcnw SurU kr id`qI;
; aus ny ies mksd vwsqy BweI kwhn isMG nUM pUrw stw& vI id`qw igAw sI, ijs dw Krc srkwr idAw krdI sI[
6 &rvrI 1926 dy idn, swFy 13 swl dI imhnq mgroN, ieh rcnw mukMml ho geI[ ies dI CpweI pitAwlw dy rwjy BUipMdrw isMG ny Awpxy Krcy ‟qy krvweI[ dunIAW dy hr iek is`K lyKk Aqy is`K Drm qy qvwrI^ dy hr is`K qy ZYr-is`K lyKk ny AwpxIAW rcnwvW vwsqy mhwn koS dI mdd zrUr leI hY[ BweI kwnH isMG ny ies qoN ielwvw gurmiq mwrqMf, gurU CMd AlMkwr, gurU igrw ksOtI, Sbd AlMkwr, rwj Drm ikqwbW Aqy bhuq swry lyK vI ilKy sn[ BweI kwnH isMG shI mwAinAW ivc pMQ rqn sn.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)