Jassa Singh Ramgarhia
j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw
j`sw isMG (sMn 1718-20.4.1803) dw jnm igAwnI Bgvwn isMG (mOq sMn 1739) dy Gr hoieAw sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk j`sw isMG dy dwdw hrdws isMG (mOq sMn 1715) ip`CoN surisMG ipMf (audoN izlHw lwhOr, hux izlHw qrnqwrn) dy rihx vwly sn[ iek hor irvwieq muqwibk ienHW dw ipCokV izlw lwhOr ivc eIcoigl ipMf dw sI[ 1748 ivc jd swrIAW is`K &OjW nUM 11 imslW ivc vMifAw igAw sI qW aus dy swQIAW dI vI iek imsl mMnI geI sI[ audoN ies dw muKI nMd isMG sMGwxIAw nUM bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies imsl nUM „sMGwxIAw dI imsl‟ ikhw jWdw sI[ jdoN j`sw isMG ny AMimRqsr ivc “rwm rOxI” (jW rwmgVH iklHw) bxwieAw qW ies imsl ƒ „rwmgVHIAw imsl‟ ikhw jwx l`g ipAw sI[ nMd isMG dI mOq mgroN ieh imsl dw muKI bixAw[
aunHW idnW ivc mIr mnUU dy zulmW dw dOr cl irhw sI[ ieh dOr audoN ruikAw jdoN aus ny dIvwn kOVw ml Aqy jlMDr dy nwieb sUbydwr AdInw byg dI mdd nwl is`KW nwl smJOqw krn dI koiSS kIqI sI[ aus ny kuJ is`KW ƒ AwpxI &Oj ivc BrqI krn dI pySkS vI kIqI sI[ j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw (qy aus dy BrwvW jY isMG, ^uShwl isMG qy mwlI isMG) ny ieh pySkS kbUl kr leI (j`sw isMG dy iek Brw qwrw isMG ny AdInw byg nwl smJOqw nhIN kIqw)[ j`sw isMG v`loN AdInw byZ nwl smJOqw krn dw kwrn ieh ho skdw hY ik j`sw isMG muZl &Oj dy rwz hwisl krn dI ^wihS rKdw hovy[ auN\ ies nwl do &wiedy zrUr hoey sn: iek qW muZl &Oj v`loN is`KW ‟qy byvjh dy zulm kuJ icr vwsqy ruk gey; qy dUjw, ienHW is`KW dI mwlI hwlq kuJ sOKI ho geI sI[ pr, ies nwl kuJ is`K jQydwr j`sw isMG qoN AOKy vI hoey[ iek crcw muqwibk aus ƒ pMQ ‟coN Cyk id`qw igAw sI[ ies muqwibk Cyky jwx dI vjh aus vloN AwpxI nv-jMmI DI dw mwrnw sI (is`K ƒ iek kuVI-mwr nwl sbMD r`Kx dI mnwhI hY)[ auN\ ies g`l dI qweId iksy vI somy qoN nhIN huMdI, Aqy ieh g`p jwpdI hY[ BwvyN j`sw isMG AdInw byg dI &Oj ‟c Aihm QW r`Kdw sI, pr iPr vI muZl AMdroN-AMdrI aus nwl, is`K hox kr ky, n&rq hI krdy sn[
j`sw isMG ny injI qwkq nwl pihlIAW ij`qW gurdwspur dy ielwky ivc hwisl kIqIAW sn[ aus ny kWgVy dy ktoc rwjy dy vI gofy luAwey qy aus qoN iKrwj hwisl kIqw sI[ dUn dy ielwky dy in`ky-in`ky keI hoor rwjy vI aus ƒ Krwj (mwmlw) idAw krdy sn[ sMn 1775 ivc jdoN imslW dy AwpsI JgVy SurU ho gey qW dInw ngr dI lVweI ivc knHeIAw, sukrckIAw Aqy AwhlUvwlIAw imsl iek pwsy Aqy rwmgVHIAw Aqy BMgI dUjy pwsy sn[ ies lVweI ivc j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ƒ hwr hoeI sI[ iPr aus ny krm isMG (ShIdW imsl) nwl rl ky hWsI, ihswr, shwrnpur vl AYkSn kIqw sI Aqy ngr dy AmIrW vzIrW dy ^zwny l`ut ley sn[aus ny mwrc 1783 ivc j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, bGyl isMG qy hor is`K jrnYlW nwl iml ky id`lI dy lwl iklHy ‟qy nIlw* inSwn swihb g`ifAw sI[
(*audwsIAW ny JMfw buMgw, drbwr swihb, ivc Bgvw JMfw lwieAw hoieAw sI; aus nUM mgroN inrml pujwrIAW ny drbwr swihb dw JMfw bxw ilAw sI[ vIhvIN sdI ivc ies dw rMg rwjpUqW vwlw kysrI bx igAw sI[ bysmJ is`KW ny gurU dw nIlw inSwn swihb Bu`l ky, ies kysrI rMg nUM is`KW dw JMfw mMn ilAw sI)[
ies mOky ‟qy jrnYlW ny dl Kwlsw dw muKI hox dy nwqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM q^q ‟qy bYTx vwsqy ikhw pr aus ny ieh kih ky nWh kr id`qI ik is`KW ivc koeI bwdSwh nhIN huMdw, hr iek is`K bwdSwh hY[ ies kr ky koeI vI aus q^q ‟qy bYTx vwsqy iqAwr nw hoieAw[EQy imsl srdwrW ivc qKq ‟qy bYTx leI AwpsI JgVw hoxw qy JgVy kr ky id`lI dw q^q Kusxw dI khwxI g`p khwxI hY[
kuJ icrmgroN hIaunHWnUM bwdSwhny id`lI dI cuMgI ivc rupey iv`coN Cy Awny(swFy 37%)ih`sy dyxymMn kyaunHW nUM Byjid`qw[ ies mOky ‟qy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny ikhw ik jy AsIN id`lI dy q^q ‟qy nhIN bYTxw qW AsIN ies q^q dw QVHw Xwdgwr vjoN AMimRqsr nUM zrUr lY ky jwvWgy qW jo qvwrI^ ivc ieh snd rhy ik kdy id`lI dw q^q vI kdy is`KW dy kdmW hyT irhw sI qy ies dI isl hmySw hI is`KW dy pYrW hyT rhygI[ (q^q vwlI ieh is`l j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw Awpxy buMgy ivc lY igAw sI, jo A`j vI au~Qy mOjUd hY; hyTW qsvIr vyKo)[
sMn 1783 ivc ies ny Aqy bGyl isMG ny gurU swihbwn nwl sbMDq XwdgwrW (sIs gMj, rkwb gMj, bMglw swihb Awid) dI auswrI ivc BrpUr ih`sw ilAw sI[ aunHW ny qvwrI^I QWvW dI Snw^q kr ky Agly Cy mhIinAW ivc gurU swihbwn (gurU nwnk swihb, gurU hrikSn swihb, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy gurU gooibMd isMG swihb) dIAW XwdgwrW bxw id`qIAW[ gurduAwrw sIs gMj, rkwb gMj, bMglw swihb, bwlw swihb, dmdmw swihb, moqI bwZ, qylIvwVw, mjnU it`lw, nwnk ipAwau vZYrw gurduAwry auswr ley[
sMn 1783 qoN 1785 qk ies ny irAwVkI Aqy jlMDr-doAwb dw kw&I ielwkw Awpxy kbzy ivc kr ilAw sI[ btwlw, klwnOr, dsUhw, qlvwVw, imAwxI, bygovwl vZYrw dw 7 l`K dw ielwkw ies ivc Swiml sI[ phwVI rwijAW ivcoN hrIpur, jsvwn, nUrpur, cMbw, mMfI, kWgVw dy rwjy ies ƒ iKrwj dyNdy sn[aus ny auVmuV tWfw Aqy XwhIAwpur ‟qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ aus ny bhuq swry iklHy vI bxwey sn[ hirgoibMdpur aus dw hY~fkuAwrtrz sI[ j`sw isMG dy sukrc`kIAW qy AwhlUvwlIAW nwl sbMD cMgy nhIN sn qy auh Awps ivc lVdy rihMdy sn[ aus ny iek vwr cVHq isMG Aqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM vI hrwieAw sI[ sukrc`kIey aus qoN bVy AOKy sn[ sMn 1796 ivc rxjIq isMG qy aus dI s`s sdw kOr ny vI aus dy imAwxI iklHy ‟qy hmlw kr ky Gyrw pw ilAw sI, ijhVw hVH Awaux kwrn cu`kxw ipAw sI[ sMn 1803 ivc j`sw isMG dI mOq ho geI[ ies dw pu`qr joD isMG isAwxw qy dlyr nhIN sI[ sMn 1811 ivc rxjIq isMG ny aus ƒ QoVHI jhI jwgIr Aqy 11 ipMf dy ky aus dI irAwsq ƒ Awpxy rwj ivc imlw ilAw sI.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)