Holkar, Yashwant Rao
holkr, XSvMq rwE
XSvMq (jsvMq) rwE holkr (3.12.1776-27.10.1811), mrh`itAW dI qvwrI^ ivc iek Aihm QW rKdw hY[ XSvMq rwE ieMdOr dy rwjw kwSI rwE holkr (1767-1799) dw iek jrnYl sI, pr auh kwSI rwE dy Brw mlhwr rwE dw ihmwieqI sI[ sqMbr 1797 ivc dOlq rwE isMDIAw ny hmlw kr ky mlhwr rwE nUM mwr id`qw[ ies hwlq ivc XSvMq rwE au~QoN clw igAw Aqy aus ny nwgpur ivc rwGojI BONslw kol Srx lY leI, pr, mgroN rwGojI ny, isMDIAw dy kihx ’qy, &rvrI 1798 ivc XSvMq rwE nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ApRYl 1798 ivc BvwnI SMkr KqrI dI mdd nwl XSvMq rwE rwGojI BONslw dI kYd ivcoN B`j igAw[ aus ny jnvrI 1799 ivc mhySvr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ julweI 1801 ivc aus ny au~jYn (m`D pRdyS) nUM ij`q ilAw[ meI 1802 ivc aus ny mrh`tw pySvw bwlwjI rwE dy i^lw& muihMm SurU kIqI Aqy aus ’qy hmlw kr ky pUnw nUM Awpxy kbzy ivc kr ilAw[ 1803 ivc XSvMq rwE ny AMgryzW dy i^lw& muihMm SurU kIqI qy ihMdU rwijAW nUM swQ dyx vwsqy ^q ilKy, pr iksy ny vI aus dw swQ nw id`qw ikauNik swirAW ny AMgryzW nwl sMDIAW kIqIAW hoeIAW sn[ A^Ir aus ny iek`ilAW hI AMgryzW dy i^lw& lVn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ aus ny buMdylKMf ivc AMgryzW nUM hrwieAw Aqy muZl bwdSwh Swh Awlm dUjw (jo AMgryzW dI kYd ivc sI) nUM irhw krvwaux vwsqy id`lI v`l kUc kIqw[ 1804 ivc holkr Aqy AMgryzW ivckwr keI lVweIAW hoeIAW ijnHW ivc holkr ny zbrdsq ij`q hwisl kIqI[ 1804 ivc holkr ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nwl vI rwbqw kIqw[ rxjIq isMG ny pihlI Agsq 1804 nUM imlvrqx dyxw mMn vI ilAw[ hux XSvMq rwE id`lI dy nyVy puj igAw[ jnvrI 1805 ivc id`lI dy nyVy Brqpur ivc lgwqwr iqMn mhIny lVweI c`lI qy AMgryzW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw, pr ies dOrwn Brqpur dy jwt rwjy rxjIq isMh ny AMgryzW nwl sMDI kr leI ijs kr ky hoolkr nUM Brqpur ivcoN jwxw ipAw[
holkr id`lI qoN pMjwb v`l cl ipAw[ aus ny pihlW pitAwlw dy rwjy dw swQ mMigAw pr aus ny nWh kr id`qI[ ies mgroN aus ny jINd dy rwjw Bwg isMG Aqy kpUrQlw dy rwjy &qh isMG rwhIN is`KW nwl iml ky AMgryzW dy i^lw& muhwz bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ auh dsMbr 1805 ivc AMimRqsr phuMc igAw qy is`KW qoN mdd mMgI[ rxjIq isMG ny rsmI qOr ’qy ‘srbq Kwlsw’ dw iek`T bulwieAw qy is`K srdwrW nUM holkr dI bynqI ’qy ivcwr krn vwsqy ikhw[ auDr AMgryzW nUM vI ieh ^brW iml rhIAW sn[AMgryz jnrl lwrf lyk vI aus dy ip`Cy pMjwb vl cl ipAw sI[ auDr AMgryzW ny jINd dy rwjw Bwg isMG nUM (aus dy Bwxjy) rxjIq isMG kol Byj ky aus nUM holkr dI mdd krnoN rok id`qw[ A^Ir ies ‘srbq Kwlsw’ dy idKwvy dy rsmI iek`T mgroN 17 dsMbr 1805 dy idn mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny holkr dw swQ dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ hux holkr kol vI koeI cwrw nhIN sI[ pr, auDr AMgryz vI aus nwl smJOqw krnw cwhuMdy sn[ A^Ir Bwg isMG jINd qy &qh isMG kpUrQlw dI ivcolgI nwl 24 dsMbr 1805 dy idn ibAws dirAw dy nyVy rwjpur ipMf ivc AMgryzW Aqy holkr ivckwr smJOqw ho igAw (rxjIq isMG ny ^ud vI AMgryzW nwl pihlI jnvrI 1806 dy idn smJOqw kr ilAw)[ mrh`itAW, rwjpUqW, jwtW qy rxjIq isMG qoN imlvrqx nw imlx kr ky iek vwr qW aus dw idl tu`t igAw[
jy rwjpUq Aqy is`K rwjy aus dw swQ dyNdy qW AMgryzW dw rwj 1810 qoN pihlW hI ^qm ho cukw huMdw[ pr, aus ny hOslw nw C`ifAw Aqy Bwnpur (nyVy mMdsOr, m`D pRdyS) ivc rih ky aus ny 200 CotIAW qopW bxvweIAW sn Aqy iek l`K &Oj nwl kolkwqw ’qy hmlw kr ky AMgryzI hkUmq dw ^wqmw krn vwsqy dI iqAwrI krdw irhw[ pr auh isr& 35 swl dI aumr ivc cVHweI kr igAw[
XSvMq rwE holkr dI CqrI (Xwdgwr) Bwnpur:
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)