Hari Singh Nalwa
hrI isMG nlvw
jrnYl hrI isMG nlvw (ApRYl 1791-10.4.1837), pu`qr s. guridAwl isMG au~pl-KqrI, dw jnm gujrWvwlw (p`CmI pMjwb) ivc hoieAw sI[ auh Ajy s`q swl dw hI sI ik aus dy ipqw dI mOq ho geI[ aus dw pwlx poSx aus dI mW ny kIqw[ 12 swl dI aumr ivc aus ny ipqw dI jwiedwd dI sMBwl SurU kr id`qI sI[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny GoV svwrI Aqy Ssqr ividAw vI hwisl krnI SurU kr id`qI sI[ 14 swl dI aumr ivc jwiedwd dy iek JgVy dy sbMD ivc auh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy drbwr ivc igAw Aqy bVI sUJ nwl Awpxw p`K pyS kIqw, ijs kr ky rxjIq isMG ny &Yslw aus dy h`k ivc id`qw[ rxjIq isMG aus dI sUJ qoN bhuq pRBwivq hoieAw qy jd aus nUM ieh pqw l`gw ik hrI isMG dy ipqw qy dwdw aus (rxjIq isMG) dy ipqw mhW isMG Aqy dwdw cVHq isMG dI &Oj dw ih`sw sn qW auh hor vI bhuq ^uS hoieAw[ aus ny hrI isMG nUM AwpxI injI &Oj ivc Swiml hox dI pySkS kIqI jo aus ny mnzUr kr leI[
Agly swl hI aus ny iek vwr iek Syr nUM ibnw isr& qlvwr Aqy Fwl nwl mwirAw sI[ hrI isMG dy bwzUAW ivc bhuq jwn sI qy auh bhuq PurqI nwl qlvwr clwieAw krdw sI[ iesy kr ky lok aus nUM lMmIAW bwhvW vwl ikhw krdy sn[ mIl qy &rlWg vWg „nlvw‟ iek lMbweI (400 h`Q dI) huMdI hY[ lok aus dIAW bwhvW dy kmwl kwrn aus nUM lMmIAW bwhvW vwlw qy „nlvw‟ ikhw krdy sn[ hOlI-hOlI ieh aus dy nW dw ih`sw bx igAw[ (kuJ lok nlvw dw ipCokV imQhwsk rcnw nl-dmXMqI dy nwiek nwl imlwaux dI koiSS krdy hn, jo ik iksy qrIky nwl vI Syr mwrn vwlI Gtnw nwl FukdI nhIN)[
hrI isMG nlvw dI pihlI muihMm 18 &rvrI 1807 dI sI jd aus ny ksUr dI muihMm sr kIqI sI (qd auh isr& 16 swl dw sI)[ ies ij`q bdly rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM eInwm vjoN jwgIr id`qI[ 1808 ivc aus ny jIvn isMG qoN isAwlkot Koh ky rxjIq isMG dy rwj dw ih`sw bxw id`qw[ 1810 ivc aus ny mulqwn ‟qy hmly dI AgvweI kIqI qy nvwb muz`&r ^wn nUM iSksq id`qI qy kr dyxw mMnx ‟qy mjbUr kIqw[ 1813 ivc aus ny Aqy dIvwn mohkm cMd ny Atk dI lVweI ivc kwbl dy hwkm Swh mihmUd dy numwieMidAw Awzm ^wn Aqy dosq muhMmd ^wn nUM hrwieAw[ 1814 ivc aus ny kSmIr ‟qy pihlw hmlw kIqw[ Agly hI swl aus ny rjOVI dy hwkm nUM hwr id`qI[ 1816 ivc aus ny imsr dIvwn cMd, &qh isMG AwhlUvwlIAw Awid nwl iml ky mihmUdkot (muz`&rgVH) ‟qy hmlw kr ky auQoN dy nvwb nUM hrw ky kr dyx ‟qy mjbUr kr id`qw[ 1818 ivc jd mulqwn dw nvwb kr dyxoN mukr igAw qW aus ny mulqwn ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ iesy swl aus ny ipSwvr ‟qy vI hmlw kIqw[ julweI 1819 ivc auh kSmIr ‟qy vI kbzw krn ivc kwmXwb ho igAw[ 25 Agsq 1820 dy idn aus nUM kSmIr dw subydwr QwipAw igAw Aqy nwl hI Awpxy nW dw is`kw jwrI krn dw h`k id`qw igAw[ aus ny 6 nvMbr 1821 dy idn kSmIr dI sUbydwrI C`f id`qI qW jo auh hor ielwky sr kr sky[ 20 dsMbr 1821 dy idn aus ny 25 hzwr kbwielIAW dI mzbUq qwkq nUM hrw ky muMGyr dI v`fI muihMm nUM ij`q ilAw[ 1822 ivc aus ny mnkyrw v`l mUMh kIqw[ ies nUM ij`qxw Awswn nhIN sI ikauNik ies iklHy nUM ih&wzq dyx vwsqy ies dy Awly-duAwly 12 iklHy sn[ hrI isMG ny ies swry iklHy ij`q ley[ A^Ir mnkyrw dy nvwb ny hwr mMn leI[
1822 ivc aus nUM hzwrw dw sUbydwr QwipAw igAw[ ies ielwky ivc aus ny iek nvyN ngr dI nINh r`KI ijs dw nW aus dy nW ‟qy hrIpur r`iKAw igAw[ ie`Qy aus ny iek iklHw bxwieAw ijs dw nW gurU hrikSn swihb dy nW ‟qy hrikSngVH r`iKAw igAw[1823 ivc aus ny nOSihrw dI lVweI ivc ij`q hwisl kIqI[ 1834 ivc aus ny, jhwd dw nwArw lw ky bZwvq dw JMfw bulMd krn vwly, muhMmd Awzm ^wn qy aus dI v`fI &Oj nUM nOSihrw ivc burI qrHW hrwieAw[ iesy swl aus ny ipSwvr ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1836 ivc aus ny jmrOd ‟qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[
mwrc 1837 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy poqy nOinhwl isMG dI SwdI sI[ ies kr ky jmrOd qy kuJ hor ikilHAW qoN kuJ &Oj vwips bulweI hoeI sI[ aus vyly jmrOd ivc isr& Cy sO jvwn sn[ hrI isMG nlvw ipSwvr ivc sI[ jd hrI isMG nUM ieh pqw lgw qW auh jmrOd vl cl ipAw[ jmrOd dy iklHy dI ih&wzq krdw hoieAw hrI isMG nlvw 30 ApRYl 1837 dy idn pTwx hmlwvrW dIAW golIAW nwl ClxI ho ky cVHweI kr igAw[ kuJ hlikAW ieh Awm crcw sI ik ies ip`Cy fogirAW dw h`Q sI[ ies dw kwrn ieh sI ik kuJ h&qy pihlW hrI isMG nlvw ny rxjIq isMG nUM slwh id`qI sI ik “ieh rwj is`KW dIAW kurbwnIAW sdkw hwisl kIqw igAw hY qy qusIN vsIAq kr ky ies nUM is`KW dI kONsl dy hvwly kr dyx bwry hdwieq kr jwvo[” jd fogirAW ny ieh suixAw qW aunHW rxjIq isMG nUM smJwieAw ik ieh qW aus dw injI rwj hY qy is`KW dw nhIN, ies kr ky ies dw vwirs aus dw vlI-Aihd (v`fw pu`qr) hI hovygw[ ies dy nwl hI ies qoN kuJ idn mgroN hI fogirAW ny iek swizS bxw ky hrI isMG nlvw nUM jmrOd ‟qy muslmwnW dw hmlw krvw ky iek swizS hyT aus nUM mrvw id`qw[ pihlW AkwlI PUlw isMG nUM vI iek swizS rc ky fogirAW ny hI mrvwieAw sI[ fogirAW ny qW rxjIq isMG dw iek vI sInIAr is`K swQI izMdw nhIN rihx id`qw sI[
hrI isMG nlvw dunIAW dw sB qoN v`fw jrnYl sI[ aus ny, 16 swl dI aumr qoN lY ky Agly 30 swl qk lgwqwr, dunIAW dIAW sB qoN AOKIAW drjnW lVweIAW ij`qIAW sn[ aus ny A&Zwinsqwn dy kbwielI ijnHW nUM aus qoN pihlW (Aqy aus qoN mgroN vI koeI nhIN hrw sikAw) nUM burI qrHw iSksq id`qI sI[ ies kr ky bhuq dhwikAW qk pTwx lok hrI isMG dy nW qoN vI frdy rhy sn[ ieh Awm irvwieq sI ik pTwx AOrqW Awpxy b`icAW nUM frwaux vwsqy ikhw krdIAW sn “cup SO, hrIAw rwihly” (cu`p ho jw, hrI isMG Aw irhw hY) qy b`cy fr ky cup ho jW sON jieAw krdy sn[ hrI isMG iek bhuq vDIAw nwzm vI sI[ hzwrw qy kSmIr vrgy ielwky dw inzwm clwauxw bVI v`fI g`l sI[ nlvw bhuq sUJvwn qy ifplomyt vI sI[ aus dI sUJ qoN kwiel ho ky hI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM AMgryz gvrnr jnrl lwrf ivlIAm bYNitk nwl g`lbwq dy imSn dw muKI bxwieAw sI[ hrI isMG nlvw dw Dwrimk rol vI kwbly-izkr hY[ pMjw swihb qy mtn dy gurduAwry aus ny hI bxwey hn[ aus ny drbwr swihb Aqy Akwl buMgw dIAW iemwrqW vwsqy sonw vI dwn kIqw sI[ aus ny keI iklHy vI bxwey sI Aqy keI ikilHAW dI murMmq krvweI sI (ijvyN jmrOd, Atk, nOSihrw Awid); hrI isMG vrgw jrnYl qy nwzm dunIAW dI qvwrI^ ivc Swied koeI vI nhIN hY[
30 ApRYl 2013 dy idn aus dI Xwd ivc iek fwk itkt vI jwrI kIqI geI sI.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)