Harchand Singh Lyallpuri
hrcMd isMG lwielpurI
hrcMd isMG lwielpurI (1887- 20.2.1954) pu`qr s. Arjn isMG dw jnm ipMf sur isMG (hux izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc hoieAw sI[ mgroN ieh prvwr lwielpur clw igAw sI[ hrcMd isMG ny bhuq imhnq kr ky bhuq pYsw kmwieAw[ auh Dwrimk qy smwijk kMmW ivc bhuq ih`sw ilAw krdw sI[ 14 jnvrI 1914 dy dn jd brqwnvI srkwr ny vwiesrwey dI koTI (hux rwStrpqI Bvn) qky is`DI sVk k`Fx vwsqy gurduAwrw rkwbgMj id`lI dI bwhrlI kMD Fwh id`qI[ srkwr ny aus zgh bdly is`KW nUM iksy hor jgh zmIn dyx dI pySkS kIqI[ aus vyly cI& Kwlsw dIvwn hI is`KW dI muK jQybMdI sI; pr aunHW ny srkwr nwl tkrwA dI bjwie cu`p v`t r`KI Aqy AMdroN-AMdrIN sOdybwzI krdy rhy[ ies hwlq ivc s. hrcMd isMG ny Awvwz auTweI[ 10 qoN 12 ApRYl 1914 nUM cI& Kwlsw dIvwn v`loN „is`K AYjUkySnl kwn&rMs‟ jlMDr ivc hoeI[hrcMd isMG Aqy aus dy swQI mwstr suMdr isMG ny ies kwn&rMs ivc gurduAwrw rkwb gMj dI dIvwr dw mslw auTwaux dI koiSS kIqI qW srkwr p`KI cODrIAW ny aus nUM bolx nw id`qw Aqy puils dI mdd nwl aus nUM smwgm ivcoN jbrI bwhr k`F id`qw[ ies mgroN ienHW ny jlµDr stySn ‟qy Aw ky iek jlsw kr ky lokW ƒ hwlwq d`sy Aqy gurduAwrw rkwb gµj dI kµD muV auswrn dI mµg kIqI[ ies ‟qy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny mjbUrI ivc 3 meI 1914 ƒ AµimRqsr ‟c kuJ Kws is`KW dw iek`T bulwieAw[ ies iek`T ivc 245 pqvµqy Swiml hoey[ ienHW ivc bhuqy jwgIrdwr jW srkwr p`KI sn[ ies mIitµg ny rOly-gOly ivc Cy mqy pws kIqy[ ieh mqy srkwr A`gy imµnqW vrgy sn[ ijvyN ik:
“bVI inmrqw nwl srkwr dI syvw ivc bynqI kIqI jWdI hY ik srkwr gurduAwry dI zmIn Aqy gurduAwry dI bwhrlI kµD ƒ pihlI AslI hwlq ivc kwiem kr dyvy[ pr jy srkwr kuJ zrUrI kwrnW kr ky aus dSw ƒ bdlxw cwhy qd ies kmytI dI rwie ivc ieh qW pRvwn krn dy Xog hovygI ik gurduAwry dI zmIn dy rkby ƒ Gtwey ibnW ies swfI QW ƒ ies Fµg nwl ivaUNq idqI jwvy ik gurduAwrw ies ivckwr Aw jwvy Aqy ies dy dohIN pwsIN sVkW lµGdIAW hox[ ieh swrw kMm is`KW dI iek pRbMDk kmytI dI ingrwnI ivc hovy, ijs nUM srkwr ies kMm leI mwlI mdd dyvy[”
dUjy mqy rwhIN srkwr nUM Arz kIqI geI ik “idn rwq is`KW nUM gurduAwrw rkwb gMj ivc Awaux qy Tihrn dI KulH hovy[ 7 muKI is`KW dI iek kmytI bxweI jwey jo gurduAwrw rkwb gMj Aqy nvIN id`lI dy hor gurduAwirAW dI dyK Bwl Aqy pRbMD kry[ gurduAwirAW dy ^rc nUM clwaux vwsqy rwiesInw ipMf dI zmIn dy bdly srkwr kw&I nihrI zmIn dyvy[”
ieho ijhy iF`ly mqy srkwr ny mnzUr kr lYxy sn, pr ieh g`l nhIN sI mµnxI ik gurduAwry dy nwl lgdI zmIn ijauN dI iqauN hI rihx id`qI jwvy[ srkwr ies g`l vwsqy qW pihloN hI iqAwr sI ik zmIn dy brwbr dI zmIn dy id`qI jwvy[ srkwr ny bwrI doAwb ivc 30 mur`by zmIn dyxI mMn vI leI[ cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dw mqw srkwr dI pySkS dI hI qrjmwnI krdw sI, pr Awm is`K nhIN mµndy sn[ ies mqy dw mqlb sw& sI ik „srkwr ƒ dIvwr bxwaux dI koeI zrUrq nhIN qy ijµnI zmIn srkwr ny lYxI hovy lY lvy qy iksy hor pwisEN dy dyvy[‟ ieh qW is`DI srkwr dI ihmwieq sI[
ies dy i^lw& hrcMd isMG lwielpurI qy aus dy swQIAW ny bVw rOlw pwieAw pr cI& Kwlsw dIvwn ny ienHW dI zrw vI pRvwh nw kIqI[ 31 meI 1914 ƒ lwhOr dI lµfy mµfI ivc is`K muKIAW dw iek v`fw iek`T hoieAw[ ies iek`T ivc Swiml hox vwilAW hornW AwgUAW ivc hrcµd isµG, mw: suµdr isµG, mw: qwrw isµG, mw: moqw isµG, BweI rxDIr isµG vI sn[ ies jlsy qoN bwAd keI hor QWvW ‟qy vI jlsy hoey ijnHW ivc cI& Kwlsw dIvwn Aqy srkwr dI inµdw kIqI geI[ ies sbµD ivc hr pwsy pRotYst iek`T hoey[
Agsq 1914 ivc pihlI jµg SurU ho geI[ lwielpur dy ifptI kimSnr ny hrcµd isµG lwielpurI ƒ bulw ky ikhw „hux jµg SurU ho cukw hY, qusIN rkwb gµj dI jdojihd bµd kr idE[ srkwr ny kµD FwhuxI bµd kr id`qI hY[ ies ƒ muV ky ikvyN cVwauxw hY? ieh g`l jµg dy Kwqmy mgroN is`K nuµmwieµidAW dI slwh nwl &Yslw kr ky kr id`qI jwvygI[‟ hrcµd isµG lwielpurI srkwrI vwAdw lY ky vkqI qOr ‟qy cup kr gey[ so, aus vyly morcw lgdw-lgdw rih igAw[ nvµbr 1918 ivc jµg mu`k geI pr srkwr ny gurduAwrw rkwb gµj dI dIvwr nw bxweI[ (mgroN ieh dIvwr dsMbr 1920 ivc audoN bxI jdoN is`KW ny iek ShIdI jQw iljw ky Awp kMD bxwaux dw AYlwn kIqw)[
jMg ^qm hox mgroN srkwr ny iek hor ienwm „rOlt AYkt‟ bxw ky id`qw[ ies dy nwl hI 13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc jnrl rYijnl AYfvrf hYrI fwier ny byvjh golIAW clw ky 379 bµdy ShId qy 1137 z^mI kr ky nvIN BwjI pw id`qI[ mwrSl lwA hyTW bhuq swry lok igR&qwr kIqy gey[
A^Ir 23 julweI 1919 dy idn mwrSl lwA vwips lY ilAw igAw[ mwrSl lwA mu`kx mgroN, ihµdUAW ny kWgrs Aqy muslmwnW ny muslm lIg ƒ jQybµd krnw SurU kr id`qw[ ieDr, gurduAwrw rkwb gµj dy msly ‟qy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn is`KW ‟coN AwpxI swK guAw bYTw sI[ ies hwlq ivc is`KW ny iek nvIN jQybµdI dI zrUrq mihsUs kIqI[ ies dy nqIjy vjoN 27 dsµbr 1919 dy idn is`K lIg (mgroN sYNtrl is`K lIg) kwiem hoeI[is`K lIg BwvyN dsµbr 1919 ivc kwiem ho geI sI pr ies ny isAwsI jW Dwrimk p`KoN koeI kwrvweI nw kIqI[ cwr pµj mhIny lµG jwx mgroN vI is`K lIg Ajy isr& kwZzI jQybµdI sI[ dUjy pwsy, sµjIdw is`K AwgU gurduAwirAW dI inGrI hoeI hwlq qoN vI pRySwn sn[ v`K-vK ielwikAW ivc is`K AwgU gurduAwirAW dw ieµqzwm TIk krvwaux vwsqy ivcwrW kr rhy sn[ies mwhOl ivc 1920 dIAW grmIAW ivc sµjIdw is`K AwgUAW ny pµjwb dy v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc AµimRq pRcwr dI lihr clweI sI[ ienHW ny ies dy nwl hI is`KW dI Dwrimk Aqy isAwsI hwlq bwry ivcwrW vI kIqIAW[ gurduAwirAW dI hwlq dw crcw vI cilAw[ KMfy dI pwhul lY ky iqAwr-br-iqAwr hoey isµG hux tolIAW bxw ky ipµfW qoN SihrW v`l inklx l`gy[ KulHw dwhVw, h`Q ivc ikrpwn, hr srgrm is`K dI izµdgI dw ih`sw bx geI[
pihlI meI 1920 dy idn hrcµd isµG lwielpurI, mwstr suµdr isµG, srdUl isµG kvISr, ig: hIrw isµG drd qy aunHW dy swQI lwhOr iek`Ty hoey Aqy rozwnw „AkwlI‟ A^bwr k`Fx dw &Yslw kIqw[ aunHW ny ieh nW AkwlI PUlw isMG dy KwVkU hox dI soc nwl cuixAw sI[ ieh g`l kwbly-ZOr hY ik audoN qk bwbw dIp isMG dw nW eynw mShUr nhIN sI (vrnw koeI AKOqI tkswl vwly aus dw nW hI suJwA dyNdy)[ 21 meI 1920 dy idn pihlw prcw CipAw[ pihly idn qoN hI AkwlI A^bwr is`K pµQ ivc hridl-AzIz ho igAw[ „AkwlI‟ A^bwr ny sB qoN v`fw &wiedw ieh phuµcwieAw ik dUr-durwfy bYTy, iekly-iek`ly is`K AwgU Aqy vrkr, iek dUjy nl juV gey[ ies A^bwr vwsqy sB qoN vD rkm hrcMd isMG ny hI idqI sI[
„AkwlI‟ A^bwr ny kmwl dw rol Adw kIqw[ CyqI hI hr pwsy „AkwlI-AkwlI‟ Aqy „Akwl-Akwl‟ hox l`g peI[ AkwlI A^bwr nwl sYNkVy qy iPr hzwrW is`K iek dUjy nwl juV gey[ ienHW swirAW ƒ Acwxk „AkwlI‟ AwiKAw jwx l`g ipAw[ ienHW vrkrW dI pµQ ivc lwswnI QW bx geI[ hOlI-hOlI, hr pwsy, nIlIAW p`gW qy ikrpwnW vwly AkwlI nzr Awaux l`g pey[ swrw is`K pµQ ienHW dy AwKy ‟qy Pul cVHwaux vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw sI[ smu`cw „is`K homlYNf‟ hux „AkwlI‟ bxdw jwpx l`g ipAw[ ies mwhOl ivc iek An-AYlwnI „AkwlI lihr‟ cl peI[
auDr is`K lIg dw dUjw iejlws 20-21 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ lwhOr ivc hoieAw[ ies ivc srkwr pRsq AwgUAW dI QW pMQk soc dy AwgUAW ny is`K lIg dI syvw sMBwl leI[ pihly idn dy sYSn ivc hrcµd isµG lwielpurI ny kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy Aqy Zdr pwrtI dy kuJ is`KW ƒ styj ‟qy bulw ky aunHW dI pCwx krvweI qy nwl hI (bjbj Gwt golI kWf mgroN) Akwl q^q dy pujwrIAW v`loN aunHW ƒ „ieh is`K nhIN hn‟ kihx dI inµdw kIqI[ (ies vyly fwier ƒ snmwn dyx vwlw ig: gurb^S isµG vI hwizr sI qy aus dI qrsXog hwlq vyKx vwlI sI)[ ies smwgm ivc is`K rwjsI kYdIAW dy prvwrW dI mdd vwsqy kmytI bxwaux dw mqw pyS kIqw[ kmytI ‟c hyT ilKy nW Swiml kIqy gey: hrcµd isµG qy suµdr isµG (dovyN lwielpur), jsvµq isµG Jbwl, krqwr isµG J`br, ipAwrw isG, bdn isµG, sµq isµG vkIl, qyjw isµG smuµdrI qy guridAwl isµG[ is`K lIg dy smwgm dy dUjy idn 22 AkqUbr ƒ hrcMd isMG v`loN rkwb gµj dI kµD bxwaux vwsqy 29 nvµbr 1920 ƒ 100 is`KW dw jQw id`lI iljw ky Awp dIvwr auswrn dw AYlwn kIqw igAw[ pr, ies qoN pihlW ik ieh j`Qw cldw, mhwrwjw irpdumn isMG nwBw ny ivcolgI kr ky Awpxy ^rcy ‟qy rkwb gMj dI kMD bxvw id`qI ijs nwl ieh mslw ^qm ho igAw[
ienHW idnW ivc hI Kwlsw kwlj AMiRmqsr dy ieqzwm dw mslw vI iPr nvyN isirEN BK ipAw[ Kwlsw kwlj is`K irAwsqW Aqy Awm sµgqW dy pYsy lwl 1892 ivc SurU kIqw igAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI AµgryzI hkUmq ny ies ‟qy mukµml kbzw kr ilAw[[ 1909 ivc mwstr suµdr isµG lwielpurI ny kI Kwlsw kwlj is`KW dw hY? pY< ilK ky is`K AwgUAW ƒ cOks krn dI koiSS kIqI sI pr audoN ieh mslw vDyry ihmwieq hwisl nw kr sikAw[ brqwnvI srkwr dy JolI-cuk hox kr ky cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy AwgU Aqy jgIrdwr qy reIs is`K ies bwry cu`p rhy[ jdoN meI 1920 ivc AkwlI A^bwr CpxI SurU hoeI qW ies A^bwr dy moFIAW (mw: suµdr isµG qy hrcµd isµG lwielpurI vgYrw) ny Kwlsw kwlj dy ieµqzwm dy msly ƒ vI Pyr auTwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ julweI 1920 ivc Kwlsw kwlj dy lYkcrwr BweI joD isµG ƒ i^lw&q lihr dy ihmwieqI hox kr ky nOkrI qoN br^wsq kr id`qw igAw[ ies dy jvwby-Aml vjoN is`K hlikAW ny Kwlsw kwlj dy ieµqzwm dw mslw Pyr cu`k ilAw[ Agsq dy dUjy h&qy rozwnw AkwlI A^bwr ivc Kwlsw kwlj dy sbµD ivc QoVHw-QoVHw crcw SurU ho igAw[ auDr pRo: joD isµG nwl Aµgryz A&srW ny dobwrw sbµD qW bxw ley pr aus ƒ nOkrI ‟qy vwips nw ilAw[ sqµbr 1920 dy A^Ir ivc cumwlw swihb Aqy AkqUbr dy SurU iv`c bwby dI byr isAwlkot dy msly ny Kwlsw kwlj dy nukqy ip`Cy pw id`qw pr 12 AkqUbr ƒ Akwl q^q swihb ‟qy kbzw hox mgroN gurduAwirAW vwsqy sWJI kmytI (SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbµDk kmytI) bxwaux vwsqy hukmnwmw jwrI hox nwl Kwlsw kwlj AµimRqsr Aqy drbwr swihb pµQk msilAW dy ivcwrn vwsqy sB qoN v`fy plyt&wrm bx gey[ hux Kwlsw kwlj dy ieµqzwm ƒ pµQk h`QW ivc lYx vwsqy vI muihµm nvyN isirEN SurU ho geI[
26 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn Kwlsw kwlj dy 13 pRo&YsrW ny lwrf vwiesrwey ƒ ic`TI ilK ky Kwlsw kwlj dw ieµqzwm pµQk kmytI ƒ sONpx vwsqy AwiKAw[ ieh 13 pRoPYsr sn: iSvcrn isµG, crn isµG, qwrw isµG, qyjw isµG, joigµdr isµG, bwvw hrikSn isµG, rwijµdr isµG, kSmIrw isµG, inrjµn isµG, aUDm isµG, bI.Awr. cYtrjI qy kuµdn lwl[ ienHW ny vwiesrwie ƒ noits id`qw ik jy 5 nvµbr qk srkwr ny Kwlsw kwlj dy ieµqzwm ƒ is`KW dy hvwly nw kIqw qW auh mOjUdw kmytI hyTW kµm nhIN krngy[ ienHW pRo&YsrW ny qjvIz kIqI ik nvyN ieµqzwm dw KrVw iqAwr krn qy aus dI pµQ qoN mnzUrI lYx q`k dy smyN dOrwn iek AwrzI kmytI bxw id`qI jwvy, ijs ivc Arjn isµG bwgVIAW, bic`qr isµG pitAwlw, ieµdr isµG PrIdkot, KVk isµG isAwlkot; iSvdyv isµG reIs, hrcµd isµG lwielpurI Aqy qyjw isµG msqUAwxw mYNbr hox[ srkwr ny pRo&YsrW dI DmkI dI pRvwh krn dI bjwie aultw DmkI id`qI ik srkwr Kwlsw kwlj dI mwlI mdd bµd kr dyvygI[ ies dy jvwb ivc hrcµd isµG lwielpurI ny AYlwn kIqw ik „jy srkwr Kwlsw kwlj dI mdd bµd kr dyvy qW mYN Awpxy koloN swrI mdd dyvWgw[‟ 31 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn hrcµd isMG qy mwstr suµdr isµG dovyN Kwlsw kwlj phuµc gey[ ies idn qoN hI Kwlsw kwlj bwry AYjItySn bVI qyzI nwl SurU ho geI jo mgroN pVwA-vwr kwmXwb hoeI[
15-16 nvMbr 1920 dy idn jd SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI kwiem hoeI qW auh ies dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[ 1923 ivc auh pMjwb kONsl (AsYNblI) dw mYNbr cuixAw igAw[
12 AkqUbr 1923 dy idn SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr kwnUMnI krwr dy id`qw igAw qy swry AkwlI AwgUAW nUM igR&qwr kr ky jylHW ivc sut id`qw igAw, pr igR&qwr kIqy AwgUAW ivc auh nhIN sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik srkwr ny aus dy i^lw& koeI kwnUMnI kmzorI PV leI sI Aqy aus nUM DmkIAW dy ky isAwsq C`fx vwsqy mjbUr kr id`qw sI qy jW iPr auh AkwlI lIfrW qoN jW isAwsq qoN hI auprwm ho ky isAwsq nUM iblkul hI C`f igAw sI[ auN\ jdoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM ZYr kwnUMnI krwr dyx vwly kys ivc AkwlI AwgUAW dy i^lw& muk`dmw clwieAw igAw aus ny Adwlq ivc jw ky AkwlIAW dy h`k ivc gvwhI id`qI[ ies mgroN auh isAwsq iblkul C`f igAw[ sMn 1947 ivc vMf mgroN aus nUM kotw (rwijsQwn) ivc zmIn Alwt hoeI sI[ aus ny AwpxI izMdgI dw Aw^rI ih`sw gumnwmI ivc au~Qy hI ibqwieAw sI.
hrcMd isMG lwielpurI
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)