gRMQ (gurU gRMQ swihb)
gurU gRMQ swihb is`KW dw Dwrimk gRMQ hY[ ies ivc gurU swihb, BgqW, sU&IAW, B`t kvIAW Aqy iqMn is`KW dI bwxI hY[ ies gRMQ dw pihlw srUp gurU Arjn swihb ny sMpwidq kIqw sI Aqy BweI gurdws ny Awpxy h`QIN iliKAw sI[ ieh srUp 31 julweI 1604 ƒ AMimRqsr ivc mukMml hoieAw sI Aqy ies dw pihlw pRkwS 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn drbwr swihb ivc kIqw igAw[ ieh pihlw srUp sMn 1757 qk krqwrpur ivc sMBwl ky r`iKAw hoieAw sI[ aus swl A&ZwnW v`loN krqwrpur ‘qy kIqy gey hmly dOrwn ieh srUp sV igAw sI[ aus vyly qk ies gRMQ dy AnykW auqwry ho c`uky sn[ gurU gRMQ swihb nUM Aw^rI rUp gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny id`qw sI (jdoN aunHW ny ies ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI bwxI Swiml kIqI sI) qy ieh srUp BweI mnI isMG ny sMn 1678 ivc, dmdmw swihb (AnMdpur swihb) ivc iqAwr kIqw sI, ijs kr ky ies ƒ ‘dmdmI bIV’ vI ikhw jWdw hY[ ies mgroN ies Aw^rI srUp dy keI auqwry kIqy gey sn[ iek crcw muqwibk ies dy cwr auqwry bwbw dIp isMG ny kIqy sn (BwvyN koeI qvwrI^I somw ies dI qweId nhIN krdw)[ 6 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn ies ƒ sdIvI gurU vjoN gurg`dI id`qI geI sI[
gurU gRMQ swihb, r`b dI is&q dIAW bwxIAW dw gRMQ hY[ ies ivc Cy gurU swihb, 15 BgqW Aqy sUPIAW, 11 B`tW Aqy 3 is`KW dIAW ilKIAW rcnwvW hn, ijnHW dy SbdW dI igxqI ieM\ hY: (gurU swihbwn:) gurU nwnk swihb 977, gurU AMgd swihb 63, gurU Amrdws swihb 907 gurU rwmdws swihb 679, gurU Arjn swihb 2218, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb 116; (Bgq qy sU&I:) kbIr 467, &rId 134, nwmdyv 61, rvIdws 40, iqRlocn 4, DMnw 3, byxI, jYdyv 2, BIKn 2, sUrdws 1 (iek quk), sYx 1, pIpw 1, sdnw 1, rwmwnMd 1, prmwnMd 1; (guris`K:) s`qw Aqy blvMf (315), suMdr 6[ ies qoN ielwvw 11 B`tW dy 123 slok gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hn, jo hyT ilKI igxqI ivc hn: k`lH/klshwr (54), nlH (16), mQurw (14), gXMd (13), kIrq (8), jwlp (5), slH (3) iBKw (2) blH hirbMs (2) B`lH (1)[ kuJ ilKwrI smJdy hn ik iqMn slok BweI mrdwnw dy ilKy hoey hn pr Asl ivc ieh slok gurU nwnk swihb ny BweI mrdwny ƒ mu^wiqb kr ky khy hn (ijvyN kuJ SbdW ivc ‘kbIrw’, Xwin hy! kbIr, vI AwieAw hY)[
Bgq kvIAW dy kuJ kdrdwn BgqW ƒ vI gurU smJdy hn ikauNik auh ieh dlIl idMdy hn ik ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hY auh vI gurU hI hY[ jy kr AsI ies dlIl ƒ mMnIey qW s`qw Aqy blvMq FwfI, gurU Amrdws swihb dy poqy suMdr Aqy B`t kvI vI iPr gurU khy jwxgy, jo ik shI nhIN hY[ gurU swihb ny Awp hI Bgq kvIAW vwsqy l&z ‘Bgq’ Aqy aunHW dI bwxI vwsqy l&z ‘Bgq bwxI’ vriqAw hY[ gurU l&z isr& ds gurU swihbwnW Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb vwsqy hI vriqAw jw skdw hY ikauNik aunHW nUM gurg`dI hwisl hoeI sI[
gurU gRMQ swihb dy 1429 si&AW ivc 5867 Sbd hn (gurU gRMQ swihb ivc gurU swihbwn qy dUjy rcnhwrW dy SbdW dI igxqI v`K-v`K lyKkW ny v`K-v`K id`qI hY)[
kvI Awlm dI ilKI hoeI rcnw ‘rwgmwlw’ (jo kw&I mgroN Swiml kIqI geI sI) s&w nMbr 1429 qoN SurU ho ky 1430 qy ^qm huMdI hY[ rwgmwlw dw gurU gRMQ swihb jW is`K Drm nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ ies nUM gurU gRMQ swihb ivc Cwpxw ies gRMQ dI byAdbI hY[
gurU gRMQ sihb ivc pMjwbI, sDUkVI, isMDI, sihsikRq, ihMdI, ApBRMS, &wrsI, pRwikq Aqy mrwTI Awid zubwnW dI vrqoN kIqI geI hY[ gurU gMRQ swihb dI qkrIbn swrI bwxI v`Kry-v`Kry rwgW ivc gweI jwx vwsqy hY[ jpujI , B`tW dy sv`Xy Aqy kuJ hor bwxIAW qoN ibnW, swry hI Sbd 31 rwgW ivc pyS kIqy gey hn[ ieh rwg hyT ilKy hn: sRI, mwJ, gauVI, Awsw, gUjrI, dyv gMDwrI, ibhwgVw, vfhMs, sorT, DnwsrI jYqsrI, tofI, bYrwVI, iqlMg, sUhI, iblwvl, gONf, rwmklI, nt, mwlIgauVw, mwrU, quKwrI, kydwrw, BYrau, bsMq, swrMg, mlwrH, kwnVw, kilAwx, pRBwqI qy jYjwvMqI[ gurU gRMQ swihb is`K i&lws&I, ie^lwk, klcr, jIvn jwc dw gRMQ hY[ ies dy swry s&yy r`b dy ipAwr Aqy aus dI is&q-slwh nwl Bry hoey hn[ ieh kmwl dI g`l hY ik gurU swihb ny r`b dI is&q-slwh leI sYNkVy v`K-v`K l&z, AMdwz, qrIky, bxqr Aqy kwiv-rUp vrqy hn[ gurU gRMQ swihb dw mu`K Bwv hY: r`b dI mhwnqw, r`b nwl imlwp ikvyN krnw hY; cMgy ie^lwk qy hor ^UbIAW vwlw ienswn kOx hY qy ikvyN bixAw jw skdw hY; ienswn dI izMdgI dw mksd kI hY vZYrw[
is`K ie^lwk dy Atu`t AMg hn: ipAwr, scweI, inmrqw, sMqoK, syvw, mn dIAW ^wihSW au~qy kMtrol, AOrqW smyq swirAW dw Adb krnw, swry ienswnW leI qrs dI Bwvnw, swdw Aqy s`cw jIvn ijaUxw, r`b ivc pUrw XkIn, BweIcwrk sWJ, mn dI Su`Dqw vZYrw qy ieh swry gurU gRMQ swihb dy mu`K ivcwr vI hn[
gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS hryk gurduAwry vwsqy lwzmI hY[ is`K gurU gRMQ swihb ƒ ipAwr krdy hn pr ies dI pUjw nhIN krdy hn[ pUjw dw &sl&w gurU gRMQ swihb ivc kbUl nhIN hY, ies ƒ isr& krm kWf smiJAw igAw hY[ is`K gurU gRMQ swihb dI pUjw ikauN nhIN krdy? is`K leI gurU gMRQ swihb, ihMdUAW dw p`Qr dw dyvqw nhIN hY qy nw hI bweIbl jW kurwn dI qrHW ikqwb hY[ gurU gRMQ swihb ƒ ^ws Adb ies leI id`qw jWdw hY ikauNik ieh Sbd ƒ Awpxy ivc smweI bYTw hY[ ieh gurU swihbwn dI rUh hY (dyh nhIN, pMQ Kwlsw gurU dI dyh hY)[
sMn 1746 ivc, lKpq rwie (jo ik mugl srkwr dw iek ihMdU vzIr sI) ny is`KW qy aunHW nwl sbMDq hr g`l dw vjUd ^qm krn dy AYlwn nwl ‘gMRQ’ l&z dI vrqoN krn dI mnwhI kr id`qI ikauNik gRMQ qoN gurU gRMQ swihb Aqy gurU swihbwn dI Xwd AwauNdI hY.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)