Budha, Gautam (& Budhism)
bu`D, mhwqmw qy buD m`q
(mhwqmw) buD kiplvsqU jnpd (irAwsq) dy SwkX vMS dy rwjw SuDodn dw pu`qr sI[ ies dw jnm luMibnI (hux nYpwl dw ih`sw) ivc hoieAw sI[ ies dw pwln poSx (kiplvsqU nYpwl/Bwrq) ivc hoieAw sI) {hor vyKo: kiplvsqU }[ ies dI mOq kuSIngr (Bwrq) ivc hoeI sI[ ies dy jnm Aqy mOq bwry do irvwieqW hn: (1) jnm sMn 563 (purwxw kwl), mOq sMn 483 (purwxw kwl) (2) jnm sMn 483 (purwxw kwl), mOq sMn 400 (purwxw kwl)[au~nI swl dI aumr ivc dMfpwix dI DI XSoDrw nwl SwdI hoeI sI, ijs qoN rwhul pu`qr ny jnm ilAw sI[ iek bu`Fw, iek rogI Aqy iek murdw vyK ky aus dy mn ivc vYrwg jwigAw sI Aqy 28 swl dI aumr ivc rwjBwg qy Grbwr C`f ky sMinAwsI ho igAw sI[ ies ny 40-45 swl BRmx kIqw sI[ ies dw Kyqr iek pwsy kosMbI (jmnw ndI), dUjy pwsy cMpw (Bwglpur), qIjy pwsy kiplvsqU, qy cOQy pwsy gXw qik sI[ ieh swrw ielwkw 600X300 iklomItr bxdw hY[ keI swl GuMmx mgroN ies nUM gXw ngr ivc iek ip`pl dy r`uK dy hyTW igAwn hwisl hoieAw sI Aqy ies ny Awpxw m`q (buD m`q) clwieAw sI (hor vyKo: gXw)[ ies ny pihlw pRvcn swrnwQ ivc kIqw sI[ AnMd aus dw muK cylw sI[ mhwqmw buD dw nW isDwrQ gOqm, isD`q gOqm, sr@vwr@Qis`D Aqy SwkXmunI iliKAw vI imldw hY[
buD Drm dI muK ikqwb ‘Dmpd’ hY; ies dy 28 AMg hn: Dmpd ikqwb dy 26 v`g ieh hn: Xmk, A`pmwd, ic`q, pu`P, bwl, pMifq, ArhMq, sh`s, pwp, dMf, jrw, A`q, lok, bu`D, su`K, ipX, koD, ml, DMm`T, m`g, pik`xk, inrX, q\hw, bRwhmx[ ienHW AMgW dy 423 pd hn[
mhwqmw bu`D dy pRvcnW qoN jwpdw hY ik auh r`b dI hoNd ivc XkIn nhIN rKdw sI; hW punr jnm ivc aus dw pUrw XkIn sI[ boDI gRMQ ‘jwqkmwlw’ muqæwibkæ isDwrQ Awp vI sYNkVy jnmW ip`CoN bu`D bx ky pYdw hoieAw sI[
bu`D m`q dy mukqI mwrg dy A`T muK inXm (ASt mwrg) hn: 1. sm@Xk@ (sd, s`cw, shI) ivSvws 2. sm@Xk@ ivcwr 3. sm@Xk@ vwkX 4. sm@Xk@ krm 5. sm@Xk@ jIvn 6. sm@Xk@ pRXqn 7. sm@Xk@ icMqn 8. sm@Xk@ DXwn[ ienHW ivc motIAW-motIAW g`lW ieh hn: (a) jIv ihMsw, corI, ivBcwr nhIN krnw (A) JUT nhIN bolxw, cuglI nhIN krnI, kTor vcn nhIN bolxw (e) lwlc qy n&rq qoN dUr rihxw (s) sm@Xk@ (TIk) ivhwr rKxw[
ies qoN ielwvw AMqm idnW ivc ies ny cwr aupdyS id`qy sn: 1. ieMdrIAW ’ qy kwbU rKxw 2. Awpxy Awp nUM jgwauxw Aqy Awpxy Awp dI pRIiKAw krnI 3. ijvyN jl qoN pYdw hoieAw ic`kV jl nwl hI Doqw jWdw hY, ausy qrHw mn dy ivkwr mn kr ky hI dUr huMdy hn 4. vwxI qy ikirAw piv`qr rKxw; ies nwl suK qy SWqI ieM\ nwl rihxgy ijvyN srIr nwl prCwvW rihMdw hY[
mgroN buD Drm do ih`isAW ivc vMifAw igAw sI: hInXwn qy mhwXwn[ hInXwn nUM mMnx vwly brmw, QweIlYNf, kMbofIAw, lwEs, mlySIAw, vIAqnwm qy sRIlMkw Awid ivc hn[ QweIlYNf ivc qW bu`D dy sony dy bhuq swry bu`q bxy hoey hn[ mhwXwn nUM mMnx vwly vDyry kr ky cIn, iqbq, jpwn, qweIvwn, korIAw, mMgolIAw, nYpwl, Bwrq Awid ivc hn[ nwlMdw qy qkiSlw ivc ienHW dIAW XUnIvrstIAW sn[ iksy vyly qkrIbn swrw d`KxI eySIAw (sRIlMkw, mOjUdw Bwrq, pwiksqwn, kSmIr, A&Zwinsqwn, iqbq, nYpwl, BUtwn, is`km) dy lok bu`D Drm nUM mMnx vwly sn[ A`j vI ienHW swry mulkW ivc sYNkVy swlw purwxy m`TW dy KMfrwq mOjUd hn Aqy ienHW ivc buD dIAW isiKAwvW vwly iSlwlyK qy mhwqmw bu`D dy bu`q nzr AwauNdy hn[ A&Zwinsqwn ivc qW qwilbwn hkUmq ny bwmIXwn ivc mhwqmw bu`D dw 1500 swlw purwxw (sMn 550-570 dw) 125 Pu`t (38 mItr) au~cw ivSwl bu`q fwienwmweIt nwl aufw id`qw sI[ ies buq nUM aufwaux dw kMm 2 mwrc 2001 dy idn SurU kIqw igAw sI qy ies nUM pUrI qrHw ^qm krn leI 25 idn l`gy sn.
luMibnI ’c sqMB ’qy buD dy jnm sQwn dw izkr
swrnwQ ij`Qy bu`D ny pihlw pRvcn kIqw sI
kuSIngr ivc auh QW ij`Qy buD dI mOq hoeI sI
sRIlMkw ivc ivc lyty hoey buD dw ivSwl bu`q
A&Zwinsqwn ’c qwilbwn v`loN bwmIXwn ’c mhwqmw bu`D aufwey jwx qoN pihlW
buq qbwh kIqy jwx mgroN
