ieh ^uShwl isMG dw pu`qr sI Aqy nvwb kpUr isMG dw BqIjw sI[ ipqw dI mOq mgroN ieh imsl dw muKI bixAw sI[ ies kol rwvI Aqy ibAws dy ivckwr dw ielwkw sI[sMn 1765 ivc jdoN drbwr swihb dI muV auswrI SurU hoeI sI qW ies ny iek l`K rupY Byt kIqy sn[ sMn 1814 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies imsl dw bhuq swrw ielwkw kbzy ivc lY ilAw sI; aus ny ienHW qoN sonw Aqy hIry jvwhrwq vI Koh ley sn[ sMn 1815 ivc rxjIq isMG ny ies imsl dw jlMDr doAwb ivclw ielwkw vI kbzy ivc lY ilAw sI[ buD isMG rxjIq isMG dI kwrvweI qoN bhuq inmoJUxw ho ky sdmy kwrn bImwr pY igAw sI Aqy Agly swl hI aus dI mOq ho geI sI.
ieh AmIr isMG sMDwvwlIAW dw pu`qr sI (15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn mhwrwjw Syr isMG nUM kql krn vwly lihxw isMG qy Aqr isMG ies dy Brw sn)[ buD isMG mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oj ivc cMgy Ahudy ’qy sI[ aus ny keI muihMmW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ sMn 1823 ivc rxjIq isMG nUM aus dIAW kwrvweIAW ’qy S`k pYdw ho igAw sI; ies kr ky aus nUM s`Xd Aihmd dy i^lw& muihMm ivc ipSwvr Byj id`qw igAw sI[ 21 dsMbr 1826 dy idn hoeI lVweI ivc is`K &OjW ny s`Xd Aihmd nUM burI qrHw hrwieAw sI[ ies mOky ’qy s`Xd Aihmd bc ky inkl igAw sI, pr Agly swl auh iPr iek l`K &Oj lY ky Aw igAw sI[ ies vwr iPr is`K &OjW jyqU rhIAW sn[ lVweI mgroN buD isMG lwhOr priqAw sI; pr ie`Qy muVn qoN kuJ smW mgroN hYzy dI bImwrI nwl auh mr igAw sI.
BweI bu`D isMG (4.1.1903-20.2.1921), pu`qr surjn isMG cOhwn, dw jnm ipMf krqwrpur (izlHw isAwlkot) ivc hoieAw sI[ ieh pirvwr Awlm isMG n`cxw (ShId cmkOr swihb 7 dsMbr 1705) dI kul ivcoN sI[ sMn 1918 ivc buD isMG Awppxy ipqw nwl nMdyV igAw sI ij`Qy aus ny KMfy dI pwhul lY leI sI[ ies mgroN auh inhMg bwxy ivc rihx lg ipAw sI[ pMjwb muV ky aus ny iek kIrqnI jQw bxwieAw sI Aqy pRcwr dy kMm ivc ru`J igAw sI[ ies dorwn auh 18 &rvrI 1921 dy idn c`k nMbr 13 nwnkpurw (izlHw Sy^upurw) ivc AwpxI mwsI nUM imlx AwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus smyN BweI lCmx isMG nwnkwxw swihb nUM mhMq nrYxU qoN Awzwd krvwaux vwsyq j`Qw iljwx dI iqAwrI kr irhw sI[ ieh vI aus jQy ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ 20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn jdoN auh nwnkwxw swihb jnm AsQwn ivc gey sn qW mhMq nrYxU Aqy aus dy BwVy dy kwqlW ny swry is`KW nUM ^qm kr id`qw sI[ q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw.
bwvw bu`D isMG, pu`qr &Ojdwr isMG) btwlw dw rihx vwlw sI[ auh kSmIr srkwr dI &Oj ivc mulwzm sI[ mgroN auh nYpwl dI &Oj ivc BrqI ho igAw sI Aqy kYptn dy Ahudy qk jw pu`jw sI[ iek vwr auh ptnw swihb igAw sI[ie`Qy aus dw myl Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw nwl hoieAw sI[ Twkr isMG ny aus nwl mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM pMjwb dy q^q ’qy ibTwaux bwry j`dojihd bwry g`l kIqI sI[ buD isMG ies j`dojihd ivc Swiml hox vwsqy rwzI ho igAw sI[ Twkr isMG ny aus rwhIN kSmIr ivc is`KW nwl sbMD kwiem kr ley sn[ jdoN Twkr isMG nuM igR&qwrI dw ^qrw mihsUs hoieAw qW auh AMgRyzI ielwkw C`f ky &rWs dy kbzy vwly ielwky pWfIcr (hux pufUcrI) clw igAw sI[ Twkr isMG ny AwpxI AMimRqsr vwlI hvylI ies dy hvwly kr id`qI sI Aqy ieh au~QoN kwrvweIAW clwauNdw irhw sI[ nvMbr 1887 ivc bu`D isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI Aqy aus ny Agly iqMn swl cunwr dy iklHy ivc kæYd ivc ibqwey sn[ aus dw ies mgroN dw hwl pqw nhIN lgdw.
buD isMG mwn, pu`qr mMnw isMG, lwhOr drbwr dw iek mulwzm sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN aus nUM 30 ispwhIAW dy iek jQy dw muKI bxw id`qw igAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI auh krnl dy Ahudy qk jw pu`jw sI; auh jnrl kUrt dI brIgyf dw ih`sw sI[ aus dy sbMD Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw nwl sn[ jdoN Syr isMG mhwrwjw bixAw qW aus ny ies dw Ahudw Gtw id`qw sI[ Syr isMG dy kql mgroN hIrw isMh fogrw ny ies nUM jnrl dw Ahudw dy id`qw sI[ 7 meI 1844 dy idn jdoN hIrw isMh fogrw ny nOrMgwbwd ivc bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy hmlw kIqw sI qW ieh aus hmly ivc Swiml sI[ AMgRyzW v`loN sMn 1846 ivc pMjwb ivc AmlI qOr ’qy kbzw kr ley jwx mgroN ieh AMgRyzW dw ^Yr-^Íwh bx igAw sI[ ies ny myjr jOhn inklsn Aqy jymz AYbt dw pUrw swQ id`qw sI[ cqr isMG AtwrIvwlw dI AgvweI ivc AMgRyzW dy i^lw& hoeI lVweI ivc ieh AMgRyzW v`loN liVAw sI[ ieh lVweI ivc z^mI ho ky igR&qwr ho igAw sI[ jdoN AMgRyzW ny pMjwb ’qy pUrw kbzw kr ilAw sI qW ies nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw sI[ ies dI mOq sMn 1856 ivc hoeI sI.