Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw
Aqr isMG (1843) AmIr isMG sMDwvwlIey dw pu`qr qy lihxw isMG dw Brw sI[ ieh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy ccyry Brw sn[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw pVdwdw nOD isMG (mOq 1718) qy sMDwvwlIAW dw pVdwdw cMdw isMG (dovyN bu`Fw isMG, 1688-1718, dy pu`qr) s`ky Brw sn[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq (1839), aus dy p`uqr KVg isMG qy poqy nOinhwl isMG dI mOq (4 qy 5 nvMbr 1840) mgroN, rxjIq isMG dw dUjw pu`qr Syr isMG 18 jnvrI 1841 dy idn mhwrwjw bixAw Aqy 20 qwrI^ ƒ lwhOr dy q^q ’qy bYT igAw[jdoN rwjw Syr isMG g`dI ’qy bYTw qW Aqr isMG qy AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw sqluj pwr kr ky AMgryzI ielwky ivc cly gey sn[ kuJ icr mgroN AMgryzW ny Awpxy eyjMt imstr klwrk rwhI ienHW dohW ƒ Syr isMG qoN mAw&I idvw ky vwips lwhOr jwx dI iejwzq lY id`qI qy ienHW ƒ jwgIrW vI vwips idvw idqIAW[ ies dy nwl hI lihxw isMG qy kyhr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ƒ vI irhw kr id`qw igAw[ienHW cOhW sMDWvwlIAW ny vwips Aw ky kuJ mhIny qW v&wdwrI Aqy Srw&q vwly mwhOl ivc ibqwey pr iPr AMgrzW nwl slwhW kr ky dobwrw swizSW SurU kr idqIAW[ auDr iDAwn isMh vI AMdroN-AMdrIN mhwrwjw Syr isMG qoN Kwr Kwx lg ipAw sI ikauN ik mhwrwjy ny iDAwn isMh fogry ƒ Awpxy ’qy hwvI nhIN sI hox id`qw, jd ik iDAwn isMh pihlW rxjIq isMG qy iPr nOinhwl isMG vyly mukMml qwkq ƒ Awpxy h`Q ivc r`iKAw krdw sI[ ies dOrwn sMDwvwlIAW Aqy iDAwn isMh ivc hkUmq ’qy kbzw kr ky ies nUM Awps ivc vMf lYx bwry iek Ax-AYlwinAw smJOqw vI ho igAw sI[ ieh vI crcw sI sMDwvwlIAW ny iek JUTw hukm iqAwr krvw ilAw sI ijs muqwibk mhwrwjw Syr isMG ny iDAwn isMh fogry ƒ ^qm krn dy hukm jwrI kIqy hoey sn[ AwpxI mOq ƒ swhmxy vyK ky hI iDAwn isMh ny sMDwvwlIAW nwl nyVqw kwiem kr leI sI[15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn mOkw qwV ky AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny mhwrwjw Syr isMG ƒ golI mwr ky mwr idqw qy aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ dUjy pwsy lihxw isMG sMDwvwlIAW ny roNdy-kurlWdy 12 swl dy b`cy pRqwb isMG (puqr mhwrwjw Syr isMG) ƒ vI kql kr id`qw[ kuJ mgroN dovyN sMDwvwlIey iDAwn isMh kol hzUrI bwg gey qy glbwq krn dy bhwny aus ƒ iklyH ivc iljw ky kql kr id`qw[hIrw isMh ny sMDwvwlIAW ƒ AMgryzW dy eyjMt AwK ky &Oj ƒ BVkw vI idqw[ ies &Oj ny lwhOr iklHy ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ fyF idn dI lVweI mgroN iklHw ijiqAw igAw[ ies lVweI ivc iek hzwr dy krIb bMdy dohW pwisAW qoN mwry gey[ lihxw isMG ƒ ies lVweI ivc golI lgI qy auh QweyN hI mwirAw igAw[ AjIq isMG ny sMgl nwl iklyH dI kMD qoN auqrn dI koiSS kIqI[ iksy ispwhI ny aus nUM pCwx ilAw qy PV ky aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ AjIq isMG dy nwl hI lihxw isMG dw isr vI v`F ky iklHy dy drvwzy ’qy ltkw idqw igAw[ ienW dy swQIAW gurmuK isMG igAwnI (pu`qr sMq isMG igAwnI), bylI rwm qoSwKwnIAw qy rwm ikSn ƒ vI PV ky bydrdI nwl kql kr id`qw igAw[ aunHW dIAW lwSW vI gMdgI ivc su`t ky zmIn ivc dbw idqIAW geIAW[
ies mgroN swrI qwkq hIrw isMh fogry kol qwkq Aw geI qW aus ivc v`fI hYNkV Aw geI[ hux auh swrI qwkq Awpxy kol rKxI cwhuMdw sI[ies vyly mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy do hor puqr ipSOrw isMG qy kSmIrw isMG isAwlkot ivc sn[ gulwb isMh fogrw ienHW ƒ vI Kqm krnw cwhuMdw sI[ AprYl 1844 dy SurU ivc jrnYl gulwb isMG kwhloN mnhwlIAw (fogrw nhIN) ny aunHW ƒ isAwlkot’ coN inklx ivc mdd kIqI[ kSmIrw isMG au~QoN inkl ky nOrMgwbwd ivc bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy phMuc igAw[ auDr Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw vI kurUkSyqr qoN muV AwieAw sI qy auh vI bwbw bIr isMG dI Srn ivc Aw cukw sI[jdoN hIrw isMh ƒ Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIey Aqy kMvr kSmIrw isMG dy nOrMgwbwd ivc hox dw pqw lgw qW aus ny &Oj ƒ aus pwsy kUc krn dw hukm dy idqw[ pihlW aus ny bwbw bIr isMG ƒ pYZwm ByijAw ik auh Aqr isMG ƒ aus dy hvwly kr dyvy[ ies ’qy bwbw bIr isMG ny jvwb ByijAw ik jo S^s gurU Gr ivc pnwh mMg ley aus ƒ Srx idqI jWdI hY qy iksy duSmx dy hvwly nhIN kIqw jWdw[ hux hIrw isMh ny fogrw XuUintW Aqy AwpxIAW dUjIAW v&wdwr XUintW ƒ bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy golwbwrI krn vwsqy ikhw[ hIrw isMh dw hukm sI ik iksy ƒ igR&qwr nhIN krnw qy bs kql krI jwxw hY[ ies hukm hyT lwB isMh fogrw dI &Oj ny AwauNidAW hI goly clwauxy SurU kr id`qy[ ienHW ivcoN iek golw bwbw bIr isMG dI l`q ’qy l`gw qy auh burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[ jdoN jrnYl gulwb isMG ƒ bwby dy z^mI hox dw pqw lgw qW auh bwby ƒ imlx AwieAw[ aus ny hwl-cwl pu`Cx mgroN bwbw jI ƒ ikhw ik auh Aqr isMG ƒ aunHW dy hvwly kr dyx[ ies vyly Aqr isMG Awp vI au~Qy Aw igAw[ gulwb isMG aus vyly AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIey dy GoVy ’qy svwr sI[ Awpxy mwry jw cuky BqIjy dw GoVw vyK ky aus nUM roh Aw igAw[ aus ny AwpxI donwlI bMduUk coN iek golI jnrl gulwb isMG ’qy clweI, ijs nwl auh mwirAw igAw[ ies ’qy gulwb isMG dy &OjIAW ny bMdUkW clw ky Aqr isMG ƒ mwr idqw qy aus dw isr v`F ilAw[ ies mgroN aunHW ny golIAW mwr ky jvwhr isMG nlvw, kMvr kSmIrw isMG, mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw dIvwn ivswKw isMG Aqy sYNkVy (Swied hzwrW) hor is`K mwr idqy[ ies dy nwl hI hIrw isMh dI &Oj ny swrw fyrw vI lut ilAw[ ies kqlyAwm ivcoN kuJ lok bc ky inkl gey Aqy dirAw vl dOVy[ dirAw dy dUjy pwsy kpUrQlw dy rwjy inhwl isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dI &Oj ny golwbwrI kr ky ienHW ivcoN bhuqy is`K mwr id`qy[ ies mgroN hIrw isMh dI &Oj Aqr isMG dw isr lY ky hIrw isMh kol lwhOr pu`jI qy eInwm hwisl kIqy[ ieh kqlyAwm 6 meI 1845 dy idn hoieAw sI.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)