Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw
s j`sw isMG (1718-22.10.1783) dw jnm BweI bdr isMG (pu`qr BweI gopwl) dy Gr hoieAw sI[ (kuJ lyKk AwhlU ipMf dy s`dw isMG nUM AwhlUvwlIAw imsl dw moFI mMndy hn[ AwhlU ipMf lwhOr Sihr qoN 25 iklomItr, kwhnw ipMf qoN 5 iklomItr qy gurU mWgt qoN qkrIbn do iklomItr dUr hY)[
j`sw isMG ny AwpxI aumr dy muFly kuJ swl mwqw suMdr kOr dI ih&wzq ivc id`lI ivc ibqwey sn[ mgroN sMn 1729 ivc nvwb kpUr isMG aus ƒ Awpxy nwl lY AwieAw sI[ rqn isMG BMgU muqwibk mwqw suMdr kOr iek vwr AMimRqsr AweI sI qy auh j`sw isMG nUM Awp kpUr isMG nUM sONp geI sI[ ies mOky ’qy mwqw ny drbwr swihb ivc kIrqn vI kIqw sI qy auh vI, iek nhIN, keI vwr kIqw sI[ (rqn isMG BMgU, sMn 1939 dI AYfISn, s&w 204, kWf 218)[ (2003 ivc drbwr swihb ivc bIbIAW dy kIrqn rokx vwly, bRwhmxvwdI soc vwly, cODrIAW ny nw qW kdy is`K qvwrI^ pVHI hY qy nw hI is`K i&lws&I)[
iek irvwieq muqwibk j`sw isMG dw mwmw bwG isMG aus nUM id`lI qoN lY AwieAw sI[ audoN j`sw isMG dI aumr s`q swl sI; j`sw isMG Agly 6 swl Awpxy mwmy kol irhw sI[ iek vwr (nvwb) kpUr isMG bwG isMG nUM imlx igAw[ ies mOky ’qy kpUr isMG ny bwG isMG nUM ikhw ik auh j`sw isMG nUM aus dI sONpxw ivc dy dyvy[ ies vyly j`sw isMG dI aumr 13 swl dI sI[ kpUr isMG ny j`sw isMG nUM Awpxy pu`qr vWg pwilAw sI[
kuJ swlW mgroN j`sw isMG ny Awpxw vKrw j`Qw bxw ilAw sI qy muZlW dy i^lw& jMg ivc vD-cVH ky ih`sw lYx lg ipAw sI[ sMn 1739 ivc nwdr Swh ny pMjwb ’qy hmlw kIqw[ ies mOky ’qy j`sw isMG ny gurIlw lVweIAW rwhIN aus nUM cYn nw lYx id`qw[ nwdr Swh dy jwx mgroN j`sw isMG ny rwvI dirAw dy kMFy f`lyvwl ivc iek iklHw bxieAw[ sMn 1743 ivc aus ny eymnwbwd qoN lwhOr jWdy SwhI ^zwny nUM lu`t ky GoVy Aqy hiQAwrW dw BMfwr jmHw kr ilAw[ 29 mwrc 1748 dy idn jd swry is`K j`iQAW nUM ‘dl Kwlsw’ nW hyT 11 imslW ivc jQybMd kIqw igAw sI qW aus nUM AwhlUvwlIAw imsl dw muKI bxwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1753 ivc is`K &OjW (dl Kwlsw) dy jQydwr nvwb kpUr isMG dI mOq mgroN j`sw isMG Agly 30 swl (sMn 1753 qoN sMn 1783 qk) dl Kwlsw dw muKI irhw sI[
ies imsl ny sB qoN pihlw kbzw sMn 1755 ivc, ibAws dirAw dy kMFy vsy ngr, &qihbwd ’qy kIqw ijs nUM ies ny 1758 ivc imsl dw hY~fkuAwrtrz bxwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1757 ivc aus ny jlMDr dy A&Zwn hwkm nUM hrwieAw sI[ sMn 1758 ivc ies ny lwhOr ’qy pihlI vwrI kbzw kIqw sI (mgroN ieh AYkSn sMn 1761 ivc vI duhrwieAw igAw sI)[
sMn 1759 ivc aus ny kWgVy dy rwjy nUM hrw ky aus qoN nzrwnw lYxw SurU kIqw[ 1763 ivc nwlwgVH qy iblwspur ny vI aus nUM nzrwnw dyxw SurU kIqw[ ies qoN CyqI mgroN hI aus ny jlwlpur, goieMdvwl, buqwlw, qrnqwrn qy KfUr vI ij`q ley sn[ ies qoN bwAd aus ny nfwlw, imAwxI, bygovwl vI ij`qy sn[ aus ny sMn 1771 ivc rweykot vI ij`q ilAw sI[ sMn 1772 ivc ies ny kpUrQlw vI Awpxy kbzw ivc kr ilAw sI qy sMn 1780 ivc aus ny kpUrQlw nUM imsl dw hYfkuAwrtr bxw ilAw sI[ sulqwnpur loDI vI aus dy kbzy ivc sI[ j`sw isMG ny PgvwVw qy tWfw auVmuV dy hwkmW qoN vI nzrwnw ilAw[ aus ny sqluj pwr kr ky eIsVU qy kot eIsw ^wn vI ij`q ley sn[ j`sw isMG ny sMn 1761 ivc lwhOr ’qy kbzw kIqw sI, pr auh au~Qy TihirAw nhIN sI[ 5 &rvrI 1762 dy ku`p rhIV dy (v`fy) G`lUGwry ivc aus ny kOm nUM Swndwr AgvweI id`qI sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ies idn aus nUM 22 z^m l`gy sn[ sMn 1764 ivc srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn ^wn nUM hrwaux vyly vI aus ny AgvweI kIqI sI[ ksUr ’qy hmly ivc vI auh Swiml sI[ aus dI izMdgI dw Aw^rI Aihm AYkSn bGyl isMG qy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw Awid nwl iml ky 11 mwrc 1783 dy idn id`lI dy lwl iklHy ’qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dw nIlw* inSwn swihb Julwauxw sI[ ies mOky ’qy jrnYlW ny dl Kwlsw dw muKI hox dy nwqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM q^q ’qy bYTx vwsqy ikhw pr aus ny ieh kih ky nWh kr id`qI ik is`KW ivc koeI bwdSwh nhIN huMdw, hr iek is`K bwdSwh hY[ ies kr ky koeI vI aus q^q ’qy bYTx vwsqy iqAwr nw hoieAw[
iesy swl 22 AkqUbr 1783 dy idn j`sw isMG dI mOq ho geI[ aus dIAW do DIAW sn qy pu`qr koeI nhIN sI, ies kr ky aus qoN mgroN aus dw BqIjw Bwg isMG (1735-1801) ies imsl dw muKI bixAw sI[
{*audwsIAW ny JMfw buMgw, drbwr swihb, ivc Bgvw JMfw lwieAw hoieAw sI; aus nUM mgroN inrml pujwrIAW ny drbwr swihb dw JMfw bxw ilAw sI[ vIhvIN sdI ivc ies dw rMg rwjpUqW vwlw kysrI bx igAw sI[ bysmJ is`KW ny gurU dw nIlw inSwn swihb Bu`l ky, ies kysrI rMg nUM is`KW dw JMfw mMn ilAw sI}.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)