hir rwie, gurU
gurU hir rwie swihb (16.1.1630-6.10.1661) dw jnm mwqw AnMqI (Awp ƒ mwqw bsI qy mwqw inhwl kOr vI iliKAw imldw hY) Aqy bwbw gurid`qw (pu`qr gurU hirgoibMd swihb) dy Gr kIrqpur ivc hoieAw[ Awp ny Awpxw bcpn iesy ngr ivc hI ibqwieAw[Awp Ajy 8 swl dy sn ik Awp dy ipqw bwbw guridqw jI cVHweI kr gey[ ies mgroN Awp ny Agly 9 swl dw smW Awpxy dwdw (gurU hirgoibMd swihb) jI dI sMgq ivc ibqwieAw[ iesy kr ky Awp dI S^sIAq iv~c gurU hirgoibMd swihb vwlIAW keI ^UbIAW imldIAW hn[ (gurU) hirrwie swihb ny muFlI ividAw BweI drgh m~l qoN hwisl kIqI[ ies smyN dOrwn m`tn (kSmIr) qoN BweI AVU rwm dq (ipqw BweI ikrpw rwm dq) vI keI vwr kIrqpur swihb Aw ky irhw krdy sn[ auh vI gurU hirrwie swihb nUM sMsikRq ivc ilKIAW purwxIAW ikqwbW dw igAwn idAw krdy sn[ purohq jwqI m~l vI Awp jI dy ausqwdW ivcoN iek sn[ ividAw dy nwl-nwl Awp ny Ssqr clwaux dI isKlweI vI hwisl kIqI[ qyrHW swl dI aumr qk Awp Ssqr Aqy Swsqr dohW dy mwihr ho cuky sn[ kIrqpur swihb Awaux vwlIAW sMgqW gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy nwl-nwl (gurU) hirrwie swihb dI sMgq vI kirAw krdIAW sn[ swrI sMgq Awp dI Azmq ’qy hYrwn hoieAw krdI sI[ swirAW dw ivcwr sI ik gur-g~dI dy vwirs bxn dIAW ^UbIAW Awp ivc BrpUr sn[
(gurU) hirrwie swihb sUJ bUJ vwly Aqy jrnYl hox dy nwl-nwl bVy im~Ty, in~Gy, inmrqw vwly Aqy imhrbwn suBwA vwlI S^sIAq vI sn[ Awp dw suBwA eynw koml sI ik iek vwr bwZ ivc sYr kridAW Awp dy coly nwl AV ky iek Pu~l dIAW p~qIAW tu~t ky zmIn ’qy Aw ifgIAW[ ies nwl Awp audws ho gey[ aus vyly Awp dy dwdw gurU hirgoibMd jI vI Awp dy nyVy sn[ aunHW ny Awp nUM audws vyK ky ikhw ik p~qIAW muV ky Pu~l dy nwl nhIN lg skdIAW[ ies kr ky ienHW dw iPkr krn dI loV nhIN; hW ies Gtnw nwl AgoN vDyry sMBl ky clx vwsqy ieSwrw zrUr imldw hY ik ijMnw v`fw colw pweIey EnI hI v`fI izMmydwrI qy sMBwl krnI pYNdI hY[ gurU hirrwie swihb ny ieh is~iKAw p~ly bMnH leI Aqy jdoN gurg~dI sMBwlI qW swrI izMdgI pMQk lihr dI izMmydwrI nUM zbq Aqy sUJ nwl clwieAw[
14 jnvrI 1640 dy idn Awp dw ivAwh ArUp ngr (izlw gujrWvwlw) dy BweI dieAw rwm dI bytI sul~KxI nwl hoieAw sI[ Awp dy ivAwh vyly bIbI sulKxI dI aumr isr& 10 swl sI[ ies mgroN BweI dieAw rwm ArUp ngr C~f ky ipMf kot kilAwxpur (nyVy kIrqpur) Aw visAw (iesy kr ky bIbI jI nUM kot kilAwx iliKAw vI imldw hY)[ bIbI sul`KxI dw muklwvw do swl bwAd, 16 jUn 1642 dy idn toirAw igAw sI[(bIbI sul~KxI dw nW mwqw ikRSn iliKAw vI imldw hY)[ iqMn b~icAW dI mW hox kr ky
Awp nUM Awp dI s~s ‘iqrbYxI’ AwK ky vI bulwieAw krdI sI[ ie`Qy ieh izkr krnw vI zrUrI hY ik iek lyKkW ny Awp dy s~q ivAwh vI ilK id~qy hn, jo nw isr& glq hY blik hwsohIxw vI hY[ koeI vI bwp iek 10 swl dy bwl (gurU dI AOlwd hI shI) nwl s~q DIAW dw ivAwh nhIN kr skdw[ auN\ ieh nwmumikn vI hY[ ies ihswb nwl qW sB qoN CotI (sqvIN) kuVI qW Ajy god ivc hI KyfdI hovygI[ is~K qvwrI^ iv~c AijhIAW g~pW keI QWeIN BrIAW peIAW hn[
gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny Awpxy jIvn ivc hI Awp ƒ sqvyN gurU Qwpx dw &Yslw kr ilAwsI ikauNik aunHW ny (gurU) hir rwie swihb dIAW ^UbIAW cMgI qrHW smJ qy pCwx leIAW sn[ mwrc 1644 ivc guru hirgoibMd swihb dy joqI-joiq smwwax mgroN Awp ny is`K pMQ dI vwgfor sMBwlI[ies vyly gurU jI dI aumr isr& 14 swl sI[
1645 ivc jdoN kihlUr (iblwspur) irAwsq dy rwjw qwrw cMd ny Swhjhwn nUM kr (lgwn) dyxw bMd kr idqw qW muZl bwdSwh Swh jhwn dy hukm hyT imrzw Swhru^ dy puqr njwbq ^wn ny iblwspur ’qy hmlw kr id`qw Aqy ies ’qy kbzw kr ky qwrw cMd nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw qy aus nUM kYd ivc pw idqw[ ies hwlq ivc gurU hir rwie swihb Qwpl (audoN isrmOr/nwhn irAwsq dw iek ipMf) cly gey qy qkrIbn 12 swl dy krIb au~Qy rhy[gurU jI kol 2200 GoVy sn ijnHW dy Gwh Awid crn vwsqy Qwpl qy ies dy duAwly dw jMgl bhuq munwisb jgh sI[ A`j vI ieh ielwkw jMglI dr^qW nwl BrpUr hY[ mgroN jd qwrw cMd ny tYks Adw kr id`qw qW aus nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw[ ieh g`l ‘dibsqwn-ie-mzwihb’ dw lyKk maUbwd zuli&kwr ArdsqwnI (ijs nUM kuJ lok muhsn &wnI vI ilKdy rhy hn) ny (s&w 282 ’qy) ilKI sI[ ArdsqwnI gurU hrgoibd swihb qy gurU hir rwie swihb jI nUM keI vwr imldw irhw sI qy aus dw gurU jI nwl ^qo-i^qwbq vI cldw rihMdw sI[ ie`Qy rih ky Awp ny BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI AgvweI ivc bx rhy lohgVH iklHw dI ingrwnI vI kIqI[
Qwpl rihMidAW Awp dy Gr iqMn b`icAW: rwm rwie (24 &rvrI 1646), bIbI rUp kOr (9 ApRYl 1649) Aqy gurU hrikSn jI (17 julweI 1652) ny jnm ilAw[
1657 ivc Awp kIrqpur prq Awey[ ie`QoN Awp Aksr au~qrwKMf dy phwVW ivc, kSmIr, pMjwb Awid dy dOry ’qy jwieAw krdy sn[ 1659-60 ivc Awp ny lwhOr, jlwlpur j`tW, glotIAW Kurd, isAwlkot, sRIngr, AKnUr, jMmU, rwmgVH, sWBw qy pTwnkot vgYrw dw lMmw imSnrI dOrw kIqw qy bhuq swry lokW nUM is`K Drm nwl joiVAw[
Awp ny bhuq swry ielwky ivc is`K Drm dw bhuq pRcwr qy pRswr kIqw[ is`K Drm dy pRcwr ƒ vDyry srdwr bxwaux vwsqy Awp ny Drm pRcwr dy 360 sYNtr kwiem kIqy qy hor sYNtr ’qy iek-iek msMd nwmzd kIqw[ Awp kol 2200 GoVy qy hzwrW pYdl is`KW dI &Oj vI sI[ Awp ny is`KW ƒ &OjI isKlweI dy nwl-nwl isAwsI inzwm clwaux dI jwc vI isKweI[
auDr 1657 ivc muZlW ivc g`dI dI lVweI SurU ho geI[ AOrMgzyb qoN hwr Kw ky dwrw iSkoh pMjwb v`l ƒ B`j tuirAw[ goieMdvwl kol dirAw ibAws pwr krn vyly aus ny gurU hir rwie swihb dI mdd mMgI[ gurU swihb ny aus dy dirAw pwr krn mgroN ip`CoN Aw rhI AOrMgzyb dI &Oj ƒ kw&I dyr f`kI r`iKAw[ eyny icr ivc dwrw iSkoh kw&I dUr inkl igAw[ A^Ir dwrw iSkoh PiVAw igAw[ jdoN AOrMgzyb g`dI ’qy pUrI qrHW kwbz ho igAw qW aus ny hr aus S^s ƒ qlb kIqw, ijs dy dwrw iSkoh nwl zrw-mwsw vI sbMD rhy sn[ aus ny gurU hir rwie swihb ƒ vI sMmn Byjy[ gurU swihb ny Awpxy v`fy pu`qr rwm rwie ƒ id`lI ByijAw pr Awp nw gey[ rwm rwie nUM AOrMgzyb ny zwmnI vjoN id`lI ivc rK ilAw[ jdoN rwm rwie ny AOrMgzyb ƒ KuS krn dI koiSS kIqI qW gurU swihb ny aus ƒ gurg`dI qoN mOkU& krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ Awp ny ATvyN gurU vjoN gurg`dI dyx vwsqy gurU hirikRSn swihb ƒ cuixAw[ Awp swFy iek`qI swl dI aumr ivc, 6 AkqUbr 1661 dy idn, kIrqpur swihb ivc joqI-joiq smw gey.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)