kroVisMGIAw imsl
29 mwrc 1748 dy idn jd swrIAW is`K &OjW (Kwlsw dl) nUM XwrHW imslW ivc vMifAw igAw sI qW aunHW ivcoN iek dw nW, iek muK jQy dy muKI kroVw isMG dy nW ’qy kroVisMGIAw imsl r`iKAw igAw sI[ BweI kroVw isMG ivrk ipMf brkI, izlHw lwhOr, ies imsl dw pihlw muKI sI[ ausy dy nW ’qy hI ies imsl dw nW kroVisMGIAw imsl r`iKAw igAw sI[ auN\ ies jQy dw moFI Swm isMG ipMf nwrlI (izlHw lwhOr) sI[ Swm isMG 1739 ivc ShId ho igAw sI[ aus mgroN ies j`Qy dI kmWf (AgvweI) krm isMG au~pl (pycgV ipMf) ny sMBwlI[ krm isMG vI 1748 ivc ShId ho igAw[ hux kroVw isMG ies jQy dw jQydwr bixAw[ ienHIN idnIN hI, 1748 ivc, XwrHW imslW dI kwiemI hoeI, so aus dI kmWf hox kwrn ies imsl ƒ aus dw nW imilAw[ aus kol 7-8 hzwr &Oj sI[ kroVw isMG ny CyqI hI mOjUdw huiSAwrpur izlHy dy hirAwxw qy SwmcurwsI ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[
1761 ivc qrwvVI dI lVweI ivc kroVw isMG ShId ho igAw[ aus mgroN ies imsl dI kmWf bGyl isMG DwlIvwl (Jbwl) kol AweI[ bGyl isMG ny krnwl, shwrnpur dy ielwikAW ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ auh pMjwb dy bhuq swry Coty hwkmW qoN qwvwn ilAw krdw sI[ aus ny 11 mwrc 1783 dy idn id`lI dy lwl iklHy ’qy vI kbzw kIqw Aqy ies ’qy nIlw inSwn swihb lihrwieAw[ auh kw&I icr ies ngr dI cuMgI ivcoN 6/16 ih`sw vsUl krdw irhw[ aus ny rohIlKMf dy ielwky ’qy vI hmlw kr ky XwrHW l`K rupY nzrwnw vsUl kIqw[ aus ny v`K-v`K mOikAW ’qy AlIgVH, Kurjw, cMdOsI, ietwvw, &rU^wbwd, murwdwbwd, AnUpSihr, bulMdSihr, ibjnOr ’qy hmly kIqy[ id`lI ’qy aus ny keI vwr hmlw kIqw qy A^Ir ies qoN p`ky qOr ’qy ih`sw lYxw SurU kIqw[ bGyl isMG dy byZm smrU, Swh Awlm bwdSwh qy hor bhuq swry v`fy-v`fy rjvwiVAW nwl sbMD sn[
1783 ivc bGyl isMG dI AgvweI hyT qIh hzwr &Oj sI[ ieh POj id`lI ’c ijs QW TihrI sI aus dw nW A`j vI qIs hzwrI vjoN kwiem hY[ id`lI dy s`q qvwrI^I gurduAwry ausy ny hI bxwey sn[ 1802 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI qy aus dI pqnI rwm kOr ny imsl dI vwgfor sMBwlI[ auh vI 1848 ivc cVHweI kr geI[ ies mgroN AMgryzW ny aus dy sqluj pwrly ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[
ies imsl dI iek hor SwK dw muKI BMgw isMG sI[ aus dI hkUmq kurUkSyqr, myrT vZYrw au~qy sI [ aus ny hwpuV ’qy hmlw kr ky nzrwnw vsUl pwieAw sI[ aus ny jnvrI 1791 ivc AnUp Sihr ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw Aqy ie`QoN AMgryz lYPtInYNt krnl rwbrt stUArt ƒ igR&qwr kr ky, 9 mhIny kYd ivc rKx mgroN, byZm smrU dI ivcolgI mgroN jurmwnw vsUl kr ky, aus nUM irhweI id`qI sI[
BMgw isMG ny 1803 ivc aus ny lwrf lyk nwl rl ky id`lI ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[
1815 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[ BMgw isMG dI DI krm kOr mhwrwjw pitAwlw krm isMG ƒ ivAwhI hoeI sI[ BMgw isMG dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr &qih isMG imsl dw muKI bixAw[ auh vI 1819 ivc byAOlwd mr igAw[ AMgryzW ny aus dI A`DI irAwsq ’qy kbjw kr ilAw qy bwkI A`DI BMgw isMG dI ivDvw hsn kOr kol rihx idqI[ hsn kOr dI mOq mgroN irAwsq dw dUjw A`D vI AMgryzW dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw[
klsIAw irAwsq: ies imsl dI iek hor Sw^ klsIAw irAwsq vI sI[ ies imsl dy rwie isMG (pu`qr mihqwb isMG mIrW kot), gurb^S isMG (klsIAw ipMf) qy dulcw isMG ny CCrOlI, nwrwiexgVH vgYrw ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ gurb^S isMG dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr joD isMG ies irAwsq dw muKI bixAw sI[ 1818 ivc mulqwn dI lVweI ivc joD isMG mwirAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN ies in`kI ijhI irAwsq dy muKI soBw isMG, lihxw isMG, ibSn isMG, rxjIq isMG qy rvISvr isMG bxy sn[
kYQl irAwsq: gurU Arjn swihb dy vyly BweI BgqU (puqr BweI Awdm brwV) ny is`K pMQ dI AxQk syvw kIqI[ mgroN ieh CyvyN qy sqvyN gurU vyly vI pMQ dI syvw ivc ih`sw pwauNdw irhw qy AprYl 1652 ivc cVHweI kr igAw sI[ BweI BgqU dy vwrsW ivcoN BweI gurb^s isMG dy puqr dysU isMG ny 1765 dy duAwly kYQl ’qy kbzw kIqw[ dysU isMG dI mOq 1780 ivc hoeI[ ies mgroN aus dw puqr lwl isMG hwkm bixAw[ lwl isMG dI mOq mgroN aus dy puqr pRqwp isMG ny irAwsq dI vwg-for sMBwlI pr auh CyqI hI cVHweI kr ikAw[ ies mgroN aus dw Cotw BweI audY isMG rwjw bixAw[ audY isMG vI 1843 ivc byAOlwd mr igAw[ ies ’qy AMgryzW ny ies irAwsq ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw[ audY isMG ny kvI sMqoK isMG nUM coKI mwlI mdd id`qI sI ijs nwl aus ny gurpRqwp sUrj gRMQ iliKAw sI.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)