Cunningham, Alexendra
kinMGm, AlYZzYNdr
sr AlYZzYNdr kinMGm (23.1.1814-28.11.1893) dw jnm lMfn ivc AYln kinMMGm dy Gr ivc hoieAw sI[ auh 1833 ivc brqwnvI &Oj ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ 1841 ivc aus nUM AvD dw AYZzYkitv ieMjnIAr lw id`qw igAw[ auh bhuq swry sUibAW ivc sInIAr jW cI& ieMjnIAr dy Ahudy ’qy qweInwq irhw[
is`KW qy pMjwb nwl aus dw sbMD sBrwEN dI lVweI (10 mwrc 1846) dy vyly qoN SurU hoieAw sI[ ies lVweI qoN pihlW aus ny ibAws dirAw ’qy do pul bxwey sn[ 1846 ivc ‘AMimRqsr dy Aihdnwmy’, hyT kSmIr nUM gulwb isMh fogrw nUM ‘vycx’ sbMDI bxwey gey kimSn dw vI auh mYNbr sI[ auh 1848-49 ivc cyilAWvwlw Aqy gujrwq dIAW lVweIAW dOrwn vI hwzr irhw sI[ 1856 ivc aus nUM brmw ivc cI& ieMjnIAr lw id`qw igAw sI[ auh 30 jUn 1861 dy idn brqwnvI &Oj qoN rItwier ho igAw sI[
1861 ivc Bwrq dI brqwnvI srkwr ny iek nvW mihkmw ‘AwrkIAwlojI srvy Aw& ieMfIAw’ kwiem kr ky aus nUM ies dw muKI bxw id`qw[ ieh mihkmw 1865 ivc ^qm kr id`qw igAw qy auh ieMglYNf muV igAw[ ies mgroN aus ny kuJ ikqwbW ilKIAW[ aus dI ikqwb ‘AYNSIAMt ijEgrw&I Aw& ieMfIAw’ dw pihlw ih`sw 1871 ivc CipAw sI[ iesy smyN lwrf myE ny ‘AwrkIAwlojI srvy Aw& ieMfIAw’ dobwrw kwiem kr ky aus nUM pihlI jnvrI 1871 qoN ies dw muKI lw id`qw[ auh 30 sqMbr 1885 dy idn ies mihkmy qoN rItwier hoieAw qy lMfn clw igAw[
aus dIAW muK ikqwbW ivc ‘l`dwK qy ies dy Awly duAwly dy mulkW dw ieiqhws‘ (1854), ‘AYNSIAMt ijEgrw&I Aw& ieMfIAw‘ (1871), ‘AwrkIAwlojI srvy Aw& ieMfIAw‘ (iqMn ijldW, 1871-1873), ‘bu`k Aw& ieMfIAn ierwz’ (1883), ‘kOienz Aw& AYNSIAMt ieMfIAw’ (1891), ‘mhWboDI AOr d gryt buiDst tYNpl AMfr d boDI trI AYt bu`Dw-gXw’ (1892), ‘kOienz Aw& mIfIAYvl ieMfIAw’ (1894), Awid Swiml hn[
is`K ihstrI ilKx vwlw jois& fyvI kMinGm ies dw v`fw qy s`kw Brw sI. AlYZzYNdr kinMGm
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)